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Rahnama M, Movahedi T, Eslahi A, Kaseb-Mojaver N, Alerasool M, Adabi N, Mojarrad M. Identification of a novel mutation of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-C (PDGFC) gene in a girl with Non-Syndromic cleft lip and palate. Gene 2024; 910:148335. [PMID: 38432532 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/CP) is a prevalent congenital malformation. Approximately 16 candidate loci for CL/CP have been identified in both animal models and humans through association or genetic linkage studies. One of these loci is the platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGFC) gene. In animal models, a mutation in the PDGFC gene has been shown to lead to CL/CP, with PDGF-C protein serving as a growth factor for mesenchymal cells, playing a crucial role in embryogenesis during the induction of neural crest cells. In this study, we present the identification of a novel frameshift mutation in the PDGFC gene, which we hypothesize to be associated with CL/CP, within a consanguineous Iranian family. CASE PRESENTATION The proband was a 3-year-old girl with non-syndromic CL/CP. A history of craniofacial clefts was present in her family. Following genetic counseling, karyotype analysis and whole-exome sequencing (WES) were performed. Cytogenetic analysis revealed normal results, while WES analysis showed that the proband carried a homozygous c.546dupA (p.L183fs) mutation in the PDGFC gene. Sanger sequencing confirmed that her parents were carriers of the mutation. CONCLUSION The c.546dupA (p.L183fs) mutation of PDGFC has not been previously reported and was not found in human genome databases. We speculate that the c.546dupA mutation of the PDGFC gene, identified in the Iranian patient, may be responsible for the phenotype of non-syndromic CL/CP (ns-CL/CP). Further studies are warranted to explore the specific pathogenesis of the PDGFC mutation in ns-CL/CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahnama
- Department of Applied cell sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Atieh Eslahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Masoome Alerasool
- Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nasim Adabi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Mojarrad
- Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Forman TE, Sajek MP, Larson ED, Mukherjee N, Fantauzzo KA. PDGFRα signaling regulates Srsf3 transcript binding to affect PI3K signaling and endosomal trafficking. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.03.587975. [PMID: 38617350 PMCID: PMC11014628 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) plays a critical role in craniofacial development, as mutations in PDGFRA are associated with cleft lip/palate in humans and Pdgfra mutant mouse models display varying degrees of facial clefting. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt is the primary effector of PDGFRα signaling during skeletal development in the mouse. We previously demonstrated that Akt phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 3 (Srsf3) downstream of PI3K-mediated PDGFRa signaling in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells, leading to its nuclear translocation. We further showed that ablation of Srsf3 in the murine neural crest lineage results in severe midline facial clefting, due to defects in proliferation and survival of cranial neural crest cells, and widespread alternative RNA splicing (AS) changes. Here, we sought to determine the molecular mechanisms by which Srsf3 activity is regulated downstream of PDGFRa signaling to control AS of transcripts necessary for craniofacial development. We demonstrated via enhanced UV-crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) of MEPM cells that PDGF-AA stimulation leads to preferential binding of Srsf3 to exons and loss of binding to canonical Srsf3 CA-rich motifs. Through the analysis of complementary RNA-seq data, we showed that Srsf3 activity results in the preferential inclusion of exons with increased GC content and lower intron to exon length ratio. Moreover, we found that the subset of transcripts that are bound by Srsf3 and undergo AS upon PDGFRα signaling commonly encode regulators of PI3K signaling and early endosomal trafficking. Functional validation studies further confirmed that Srsf3 activity downstream of PDGFRα signaling leads to retention of the receptor in early endosomes and increases in downstream PI3K-mediated Akt signaling. Taken together, our findings reveal that growth factor-mediated phosphorylation of an RNA-binding protein underlies gene expression regulation necessary for mammalian craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Forman
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marcin P. Sajek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Basic and Translational Sciences, Penn Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Neelanjan Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Campaña MB, Perkins MR, McCabe MC, Neumann A, Larson ED, Fantauzzo KA. PDGFRα/β heterodimer activation negatively affects downstream ERK1/2 signaling and cellular proliferation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.12.27.573428. [PMID: 38234806 PMCID: PMC10793460 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases allows cells to communicate with one another by binding to growth factors at the plasma membrane and activating intracellular signaling pathways to elicit responses such as migration, proliferation, survival and differentiation. The PDGFR family consists of two receptors, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, that dimerize to form PDGFRα homodimers, PDGFRα/β heterodimers and PDGFRβ homodimers. Here, we overcame prior technical limitations in visualizing and purifying PDGFRα/β heterodimers by generating a cell line stably expressing C-terminal fusions of PDGFRα and PDGFRβ with bimolecular fluorescence complementation fragments corresponding to the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the Venus fluorescent protein, respectively. We found that these receptors heterodimerize relatively quickly in response to PDGF-BB ligand treatment, with a peak of receptor autophosphorylation following 5 minutes of ligand stimulation. Moreover, we demonstrated that PDGFRα/β heterodimers are rapidly internalized into early endosomes, particularly signaling endosomes, where they dwell for extended lengths of time. We showed that PDGFRα/β heterodimer activation does not induce downstream phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and significantly inhibits cell proliferation. Further, we characterized the PDGFR dimer-specific interactome and identified MYO1D as a novel protein that preferentially binds PDGFRα/β heterodimers. We demonstrated that knockdown of MYO1D leads to retention of PDGFRα/β heterodimers at the plasma membrane, resulting in increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and increased cell proliferation. Collectively, our findings impart valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms by which specificity is introduced downstream of PDGFR activation to differentially propagate signaling and generate distinct cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Campaña
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Madison R. Perkins
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Maxwell C. McCabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Andrew Neumann
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D. Larson
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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4
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Xu C, Ha X, Yang S, Tian X, Jiang H. Advances in understanding and treating diabetic kidney disease: focus on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1232790. [PMID: 37859992 PMCID: PMC10583558 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1232790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious complication of diabetes that can lead to end-stage kidney disease. Despite its significant impact, most research has concentrated on the glomerulus, with little attention paid to the tubulointerstitial region, which accounts for the majority of the kidney volume. DKD's tubulointerstitial lesions are characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and loss of kidney function, and recent studies indicate that these lesions may occur earlier than glomerular lesions. Evidence has shown that inflammatory mechanisms in the tubulointerstitium play a critical role in the development and progression of these lesions. Apart from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter-2(SGLT-2) inhibitors and new types of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have emerged as effective ways to treat DKD. Moreover, researchers have proposed potential targeted therapies, such as inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulating T cells and macrophages, among others. These therapies have demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies and clinical trials, suggesting their potential to treat DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions effectively. Understanding the immune-inflammatory mechanisms underlying DKD-induced tubulointerstitial lesions and developing targeted therapies could significantly improve the treatment and management of DKD. This review summarizes the latest advances in this field, highlighting the importance of focusing on tubulointerstitial inflammation mechanisms to improve DKD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengren Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaowen Ha
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Shufen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hong Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
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Yu X, Yang S, Xia W, Zhou X, Gao M, Shi H, Zhou Y. Identification of a Novel Variant of PDGFC Associated with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and Palate in a Chinese Family. Int J Genomics 2023; 2023:8814046. [PMID: 37779880 PMCID: PMC10539090 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8814046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) accounts for 70% of the total number of patients with cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and is the most common type of congenital deformity of the craniomaxillofacial region. In this study, whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were performed on affected members of a Han Chinese family, and a missense variant in the platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC) gene (NM_016205: c.G93T: p.Q31H) was identified to be associated with NSCL/P. Bioinformatic studies demonstrated that the amino acid corresponding to this variation is highly conserved in many mammals and leads to a glutamine-to-histidine substitution in an evolutionarily conserved DNA-binding domain. It was found that the expression of PDGFC was significantly decreased in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) of NSCL/P cases, compared to the controls, and that the variant (NM_016205: c.G93T) reduced the expression of PDGFC. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that Pdgfc deficiency disrupted NSCL/P-related signaling pathways such as the MAPK signaling pathway and cell adhesion molecules. In conclusion, our study identified a missense variant (NM_016205: c.G93T) in exon 1 of PDGFC potentially associated with susceptibility to NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Simin Yang
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenqian Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Meiqin Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Affiliated Nantong Stomatological Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Steinhäuser S, Silva P, Lenk L, Beder T, Hartmann A, Hänzelmann S, Fransecky L, Neumann M, Bastian L, Lipinski S, Richter K, Bultmann M, Hübner E, Xia S, Röllig C, Vogiatzi F, Schewe DM, Yumiceba V, Schultz K, Spielmann M, Baldus CD. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation drives leukemogenesis by PDGFRA activation due to insulator disruption in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Leukemia 2023; 37:134-142. [PMID: 36411356 PMCID: PMC9883162 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01751-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by complex molecular alterations and driver mutations. Elderly patients show increased frequencies of IDH mutations with high chemoresistance and relapse rates despite recent therapeutic advances. Besides being associated with global promoter hypermethylation, IDH1 mutation facilitated changes in 3D DNA-conformation by CTCF-anchor methylation and upregulated oncogene expression in glioma, correlating with poor prognosis. Here, we investigated the role of IDH1 p.R132H mutation in altering 3D DNA-architecture and subsequent oncogene activation in AML. Using public RNA-Seq data, we identified upregulation of tyrosine kinase PDGFRA in IDH1-mutant patients, correlating with poor prognosis. DNA methylation analysis identified CpG hypermethylation within a CTCF-anchor upstream of PDGFRA in IDH1-mutant patients. Increased PDGFRA expression, PDGFRA-CTCF methylation and decreased CTCF binding were confirmed in AML CRISPR cells with heterozygous IDH1 p.R132H mutation and upon exogenous 2-HG treatment. IDH1-mutant cells showed higher sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib, which was supported by reduced blast count in a patient with refractory IDH1-mutant AML after dasatinib treatment. Our data illustrate that IDH1 p.R132H mutation leads to CTCF hypermethylation, disrupting DNA-looping and insulation of PDGFRA, resulting in PDGFRA upregulation in IDH1-mutant AML. Treatment with dasatinib may offer a novel treatment strategy for IDH1-mutant AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Steinhäuser
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Patricia Silva
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Hematology and Oncology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennart Lenk
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics I, ALL-BFM Study Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Beder
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alina Hartmann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Hänzelmann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Fransecky
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Neumann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorenz Bastian
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Simone Lipinski
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany ,grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Richter
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Miriam Bultmann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Emely Hübner
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Shuli Xia
- grid.240023.70000 0004 0427 667XKennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Christoph Röllig
- grid.412282.f0000 0001 1091 2917Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fotini Vogiatzi
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Department of Pediatrics I, ALL-BFM Study Group, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Denis Martin Schewe
- grid.411559.d0000 0000 9592 4695Children´s Hospital, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Veronica Yumiceba
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristin Schultz
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- grid.412468.d0000 0004 0646 2097Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Claudia Dorothea Baldus
- Department of Inner Medicine II (Hematology/Oncology), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany. .,University Cancer Center Schleswig-Holstein (UCCSH), University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Rogers MA, Campaña MB, Long R, Fantauzzo KA. PDGFR dimer-specific activation, trafficking and downstream signaling dynamics. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259686. [PMID: 35946433 PMCID: PMC9482349 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) plays a critical role in multiple cellular processes during development. The two PDGFRs, PDGFRα and PDGFRβ, dimerize to form homodimers and/or heterodimers. Here, we overcome previous limitations in studying PDGFR dimer-specific dynamics by generating cell lines stably expressing C-terminal fusions of each PDGFR with bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) fragments corresponding to the N-terminal or C-terminal regions of the Venus fluorescent protein. We find that PDGFRβ receptors homodimerize more quickly than PDGFRα receptors in response to PDGF ligand, with increased levels of autophosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PDGFRα homodimers are trafficked and degraded more quickly, whereas PDGFRβ homodimers are more likely to be recycled back to the cell membrane. We show that PDGFRβ homodimer activation results in a greater amplitude of phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-AKT signaling, as well as increased proliferation and migration. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis leads to changes in cellular trafficking and downstream signaling, particularly for PDGFRα homodimers. Collectively, our findings provide significant insight into how biological specificity is introduced to generate unique responses downstream of PDGFR engagement. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Gillnäs S, Gallini R, He L, Betsholtz C, Andrae J. Severe cerebellar malformations in mutant mice demonstrate a role for PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling in cerebellar development. Biol Open 2022; 11:275997. [PMID: 35876806 PMCID: PMC9382116 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the mouse cerebellum is initiated in the embryo and continues for a few weeks after birth. Double mutant mice lacking platelet-derived growth factor-C and that are heterozygous for platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (Pdgfc-/-; PdgfraGFP/+) develop cerebellar hypoplasia and malformation with loss of cerebellar lobes in the posterior vermis. This phenotype is similar to those observed in Foxc1 mutant mice and in a human neuroimaging pattern called Dandy Walker malformation. Pdgfc-Pdgfra mutant mice also display ependymal denudation in the 4th ventricle and gene expression changes in cerebellar meninges, which coincide with the first visible signs of cerebellar malformation. Here we show that PDGF-C/PDGFRα signalling is a critical component in the network of molecular and cellular interactions that take place between the developing meninges and neural tissues, and which are required to build a fully functioning cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gillnäs
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Radiosa Gallini
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Andrae
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Li D, Huang LT, Zhang CP, Li Q, Wang JH. Insights Into the Role of Platelet-Derived Growth Factors: Implications for Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:890509. [PMID: 35847662 PMCID: PMC9283766 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.890509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, commonly occurs in the elderly population, causing a significant medical and economic burden to the aging society worldwide. At present, there are few effective methods that achieve satisfactory clinical results in the treatment of PD. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) are important neurotrophic factors that are expressed in various cell types. Their unique structures allow for specific binding that can effectively regulate vital functions in the nervous system. In this review, we summarized the possible mechanisms by which PDGFs/PDGFRs regulate the occurrence and development of PD by affecting oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, protein folding and aggregation, Ca2+ homeostasis, and cell neuroinflammation. These modes of action mainly depend on the type and distribution of PDGFs in different nerve cells. We also summarized the possible clinical applications and prospects for PDGF in the treatment of PD, especially in genetic treatment. Recent advances have shown that PDGFs have contradictory roles within the central nervous system (CNS). Although they exert neuroprotective effects through multiple pathways, they are also associated with the disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Our recommendations based on our findings include further investigation of the contradictory neurotrophic and neurotoxic effects of the PDGFs acting on the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Le-Tian Huang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-pu Zhang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Li,
| | - Jia-He Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Jia-He Wang,
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Qin Q, Gomez-Salazar M, Cherief M, Pagani CA, Lee S, Hwang C, Tower RJ, Onggo S, Sun Y, Piplani A, Li Z, Ramesh S, Clemens TL, Levi B, James AW. Neuron-to-vessel signaling is a required feature of aberrant stem cell commitment after soft tissue trauma. Bone Res 2022; 10:43. [PMID: 35641477 PMCID: PMC9156761 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional interdependence of nerves and blood vessels is a well-established concept during tissue morphogenesis, yet the role of neurovascular coupling in proper and aberrant tissue repair is an emerging field of interest. Here, we sought to define the regulatory relationship of peripheral nerves on vasculature in a severe extremity trauma model in mice, which results in aberrant cell fate and heterotopic ossification (HO). First, a high spatial degree of neurovascular congruency was observed to exist within extremity injury associated heterotopic ossification. Vascular and perivascular cells demonstrate characteristic responses to injury, as assessed by single cell RNA sequencing. This vascular response to injury was blunted in neurectomized mice, including a decrease in endothelial proliferation and type H vessel formation, and a downregulation of key transcriptional networks associated with angiogenesis. Independent mechanisms to chemically or genetically inhibit axonal ingrowth led to similar deficits in HO site angiogenesis, a reduction in type H vessels, and heterotopic bone formation. Finally, a combination of single cell transcriptomic approaches within the dorsal root ganglia identified key neural-derived angiogenic paracrine factors that may mediate neuron-to-vascular signaling in HO. These data provide further understanding of nerve-to-vessel crosstalk in traumatized soft tissues, which may reflect a key determinant of mesenchymal progenitor cell fate after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Chase A Pagani
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, TX, USA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Charles Hwang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, TX, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sharon Onggo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yuxiao Sun
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, TX, USA
| | - Abhinav Piplani
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Southwestern, TX, USA.
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Over the last couple of decades, it has become increasingly apparent that the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates every step of cancer progression and solid tumors are only able to metastasize with a permissive TME. This intricate interaction of cancer cells with their surrounding TME, or stroma, is becoming more understood with an ever greater knowledge of tumor-stromal signaling pairs such as platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) and their cognate receptors. We and others have focused our research efforts on understanding how tumor-derived PDGFB activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) signaling specifically in the breast cancer TME. In this chapter, we broadly discuss PDGF and PDGFR expression patterns and signaling in normal physiology and breast cancer. We then detail the expansive roles played by the PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling pathway in modulating breast tumor growth and metastasis with a focus on specific cellular populations within the TME, which are responsive to tumor-derived PDGFB. Given the increasingly appreciated importance of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling in breast cancer progression, specifically in promoting metastasis, we end by discussing how therapeutic targeting of PDGFB-to-PDGFRβ signaling holds great promise for improving current breast cancer treatment strategies.
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12
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Sheu SY, Wang CY, Cheng HL, Tsai PY. Platelet-derived growth factor-AA promotes placental choriocarcinoma JAR cell proliferation via primary cilia. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 61:299-305. [PMID: 35361391 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During early pregnancy, the proliferation placental cells is crucial for proper implantation and formation of maternal-fetal circulation. Platelet-derived growth factor-AA (PDGF-AA) has been detected in placenta during early pregnancy; however, the role of PDGF-AA in placental cell growth has not been studied extensively. Primary cilium, a centrosome-based cellular protrusion, is an signaling hub for regulating development and differentiation. Importantly, the receptor of PDGF-AA (Pdgfr-α) is detected in the primary cilium and primary cilia-mediated PDGF-AA signaling regulates development and differentiation. Here we would like to investigate whether PDGF-AA regulates placental cell growth and whether primary cilia play roles in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human placental choriocarcinoma JAR cells were treated with PDGF-AA followed by examining cell growth. Primary cilia and subcellular localization of Pdgfr-α were observed by immunofluorescence staining. Manipulation of primary cilia was performed by treating cells with roscovitine or by transfecting cells with siRNA against IFT88. RESULTS Here we showed that PDGF-AA induced JAR cell proliferation. In addition, JAR cells grew primary cilia where Pdgfr-α was detected. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of primary cilia formation or depletion of cilia-related gene, IFT88, alleviated PDGF-AA induced JAR cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Thus, our study show that PDGF-AA facilitates human placental choriocarcinomaJARcell growth via primary cilia.
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13
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Li SY, Johnson R, Smyth LC, Dragunow M. Platelet-derived growth factor signalling in neurovascular function and disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 145:106187. [PMID: 35217189 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors are critical for cerebrovascular development and homeostasis. Abnormalities in this signalling pathway are implicated in neurological diseases, especially those where neurovascular dysfunction and neuroinflammation plays a prominent role in disease pathologies, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease; the angiogenic nature of this pathway also draws its significance in brain malignancies such as glioblastoma where tumour angiogenesis is profuse. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the actions of the platelet-derived growth factors on neurovascular function, their role in the regulation of perivascular cell types expressing the cognate receptors, neurological diseases associated with aberrance in signalling, and highlight the clinical relevance and therapeutic potentials of this pathway for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Ys Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Leon Cd Smyth
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Mike Dragunow
- Department of Pharmacology and Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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14
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Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) is a relatively new member of the PDGF family, discovered nearly 20 years after the finding of platelet-derived growth factor A (PDGF-A) and platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B). PDGF-C is generally expressed in most organs and cell types. Studies from the past 20 years have demonstrated critical roles of PDGF-C in numerous biological, physiological and pathological processes, such as development, angiogenesis, tumour growth, tissue remodelling, wound healing, atherosclerosis, fibrosis, stem/progenitor cell regulation and metabolism. Understanding PDGF-C expression and activities thus will be of great importance to various research disciplines. In this review, however, we mainly discuss the expression and functions of PDGF-C and its receptors in development and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Ophthalmic Department, Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Dennison BJC, Larson ED, Fu R, Mo J, Fantauzzo KA. Srsf3 mediates alternative RNA splicing downstream of PDGFRα signaling in the facial mesenchyme. Development 2021; 148:269256. [PMID: 34184034 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Signaling through the platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) is crucial for mammalian craniofacial development, although the mechanisms by which the activity of downstream intracellular effectors is regulated to mediate gene expression changes have not been defined. We find that the RNA-binding protein Srsf3 is phosphorylated at Akt consensus sites downstream of PI3K-mediated PDGFRα signaling in mouse palatal mesenchyme cells, leading to its nuclear translocation. We further demonstrate that ablation of Srsf3 in the mouse neural crest lineage leads to facial clefting due to defective cranial neural crest cell proliferation and survival. Finally, we show that Srsf3 regulates the alternative RNA splicing of transcripts encoding protein kinases in the mouse facial process mesenchyme to regulate PDGFRα-dependent intracellular signaling. Collectively, our findings reveal that alternative RNA splicing is an important mechanism of gene expression regulation downstream of PI3K/Akt-mediated PDGFRα signaling in the facial mesenchyme and identify Srsf3 as a critical regulator of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna J C Dennison
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Eric D Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rui Fu
- RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julia Mo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Katherine A Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,RNA Bioscience Initiative, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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16
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Lu W, Xie Y, Huang B, Ma T, Wang H, Deng B, Zou S, Wang W, Tang Q, Yang Z, Li X, Wang L, Fang L. Platelet-derived growth factor C signaling is a potential therapeutic target for radiation proctopathy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/582/eabc2344. [PMID: 33627485 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc2344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Radiation proctopathy (RP) is characterized by inflammation of colorectal tissue and is a common complication of radiation therapy for pelvic malignancies with high incidence but lacking effective treatment. Here, we found that platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGF-C) and fibrosis markers were up-regulated in tissue samples from patients with RP and in rectal tissues after irradiation in a mouse model of RP. Genetic deletion of Pdgf-c in mice ameliorated RP-induced injuries. Genome-wide gene expression profiling and in vitro assays revealed that the promotive effect of PDGF-C in RP development was mediated by activation of PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4, a proinflammatory chemokine regulated by transcription factor ETS variant transcription factor 1. Treatment with crenolanib, a selective inhibitor of PDGFRs, prevented or reduced RP in mice after irradiation. These results reveal that inhibition of PDGF-C signaling may have therapeutic value for the treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisi Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Yunling Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Binjie Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Tenghui Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Huaiming Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Boxiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Shaomin Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Wencong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Qin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Ziqing Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Xuri Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China
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17
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Guérit E, Arts F, Dachy G, Boulouadnine B, Demoulin JB. PDGF receptor mutations in human diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3867-3881. [PMID: 33449152 PMCID: PMC11072557 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03753-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PDGFRA and PDGFRB are classical proto-oncogenes that encode receptor tyrosine kinases responding to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). PDGFRA mutations are found in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), inflammatory fibroid polyps and gliomas, and PDGFRB mutations drive myofibroma development. In addition, chromosomal rearrangement of either gene causes myeloid neoplasms associated with hypereosinophilia. Recently, mutations in PDGFRB were linked to several noncancerous diseases. Germline heterozygous variants that reduce receptor activity have been identified in primary familial brain calcification, whereas gain-of-function mutants are present in patients with fusiform aneurysms, Kosaki overgrowth syndrome or Penttinen premature aging syndrome. Functional analysis of these variants has led to the preclinical validation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting PDGF receptors, such as imatinib, as a treatment for some of these conditions. This review summarizes the rapidly expanding knowledge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Guérit
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.74.05, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Arts
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.74.05, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Dachy
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.74.05, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Boutaina Boulouadnine
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.74.05, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Baptiste Demoulin
- De Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, Box B1.74.05, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Kurdi BA, Ababneh NA, Abuharfeil N, Al Demour S, Awidi AS. Use of conditioned media (CM) and xeno-free serum substitute on human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation into urothelial-like cells. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10890. [PMID: 33850639 PMCID: PMC8019311 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital abnormalities, cancers as well as injuries can cause irreversible damage to the urinary tract, which eventually requires tissue reconstruction. Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and urothelial cells are the major cell types required for the reconstruction of lower urinary tract. Adult stem cells represent an accessible source of unlimited repertoire of untransformed cells. Aim Fetal bovine serum (FBS) is the most vital supplement in the culture media used for cellular proliferation and differentiation. However, due to the increasing interest in manufacturing xeno-free stem cell-based cellular products, optimizing the composition of the culture media and the serum-type used is of paramount importance. In this study, the effects of FBS and pooled human platelet (pHPL) lysate were assessed on the capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to differentiate into urothelial-like cells. Also, we aimed to compare the ability of both conditioned media (CM) and unconditioned urothelial cell media (UCM) to induce urothelial differentiation of ADCS in vitro. Methods ADSCs were isolated from human lipoaspirates and characterized by flow cytometry for their ability to express the most common mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) markers. The differentiation potential was also assessed by differentiating them into osteogenic and adipogenic cell lineages. To evaluate the capacity of ADSCs to differentiate towards the urothelial-like lineage, cells were cultured with either CM or UCM, supplemented with either 5% pHPL, 2.5% pHPL or 10% FBS. After 14 days of induction, cells were utilized for gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis. Results ADSCs cultured in CM and supplemented with FBS exhibited the highest upregulation levels of the urothelial cell markers; cytokeratin-18 (CK-18), cytokeratin-19 (CK-19), and Uroplakin-2 (UPK-2), with a 6.7, 4.2- and a 2-folds increase in gene expression, respectively. Meanwhile, the use of CM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL, and UCM supplemented with either 5% pHPL or 2.5% pHPL showed low expression levels of CK-18 and CK-19 and no upregulation of UPK-2 level was observed. In contrast, the use of UCM with FBS has increased the levels of CK-18 and CK-19, however to a lesser extent compared to CM. At the cellular level, CK-18 and UPK-2 were only detected in CM/FBS supplemented group. Growth factor analysis revealed an increase in the expression levels of EGF, VEGF and PDGF in all of the differentiated groups. Conclusion Efficient ADSCs urothelial differentiation is dependent on the use of conditioned media. The presence of high concentrations of proliferation-inducing growth factors present in the pHPL reduces the efficiency of ADSCs differentiation towards the urothelial lineage. Additionally, the increase in EGF, VEGF and PDGF during the differentiation implicates them in the mechanism of urothelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Al- Kurdi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Nizar Abuharfeil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Saddam Al Demour
- Department of Urology, School of medicine, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla S Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan
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19
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Moore K, Fulmer D, Guo L, Koren N, Glover J, Moore R, Gensemer C, Beck T, Morningstar J, Stairley R, Norris RA. PDGFRα: Expression and Function during Mitral Valve Morphogenesis. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:28. [PMID: 33805717 PMCID: PMC7999759 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common form of valve disease and can lead to serious secondary complications. The recent identification of MVP causal mutations in primary cilia-related genes has prompted the investigation of cilia-mediated mechanisms of disease inception. Here, we investigate the role of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα), a receptor known to be present on the primary cilium, during valve development using genetically modified mice, biochemical assays, and high-resolution microscopy. While PDGFRα is expressed throughout the ciliated valve interstitium early in development, its expression becomes restricted on the valve endocardium by birth and through adulthood. Conditional ablation of Pdgfra with Nfatc1-enhancer Cre led to significantly enlarged and hypercellular anterior leaflets with disrupted endothelial adhesions, activated ERK1/2, and a dysregulated extracellular matrix. In vitro culture experiments confirmed a role in suppressing ERK1/2 activation while promoting AKT phosphorylation. These data suggest that PDGFRα functions to suppress mesenchymal transformation and disease phenotypes by stabilizing the valve endocardium through an AKT/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Suite 601 Basic Science Building, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (K.M.); (D.F.); (L.G.); (N.K.); (J.G.); (R.M.); (C.G.); (T.B.); (J.M.); (R.S.)
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20
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Nasreddine G, El Hajj J, Ghassibe-Sabbagh M. Orofacial clefts embryology, classification, epidemiology, and genetics. Mutat Res Rev Mutat Res 2021; 787:108373. [PMID: 34083042 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial clefts (OFCs) rank as the second most common congenital birth defect in the United States after Down syndrome and are the most common head and neck congenital malformations. They are classified as cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate only (CPO). OFCs have significant psychological and socio-economic impact on patients and their families and require a multidisciplinary approach for management and counseling. A complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors contributes to the incidence and clinical presentation of OFCs. In this comprehensive review, the embryology, classification, epidemiology and etiology of clefts are thoroughly discussed and a "state-of-the-art" snapshot of the recent advances in the genetics of OFCs is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghenwa Nasreddine
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Joelle El Hajj
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Michella Ghassibe-Sabbagh
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box: 13-5053, Chouran, 1102 2801, Beirut, Lebanon.
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21
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Li S, Zhou Y, Yang C, Fan S, Huang L, Zhou T, Wang Q, Zhao R, Tang C, Tao M, Liu S. Comparative analyses of hypothalamus transcriptomes reveal fertility-, growth-, and immune-related genes and signal pathways in different ploidy cyprinid fish. Genomics 2021; 113:595-605. [PMID: 33485949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Triploid crucian carp (TCC) is obtained by hybridization of female diploid red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var., RCC) and male allotetraploid hybrids. In this study, high-throughput sequencing was used to conduct the transcriptome analysis of the female hypothalamus of diploid RCC, diploid common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., CC) and TCC. The key functional expression genes of the hypothalamus were obtained through functional gene annotation and differential gene expression screening. A total of 71.56 G data and 47,572 genes were obtained through sequencing and genome mapping, respectively. The Fuzzy Analysis Clustering assigned the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) into eight groups, two of which, overdominance expression (6005, 12.62%) and underdominance expression (3849, 8.09%) in TCC were further studied. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs in overdominance were mainly enriched in four pathways. The expression of several fertility-related genes was lower levels in TCC, whereas the expression of several growth-related genes and immune-related genes was higher levels in TCC. Besides, 15 DEGs were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The present study can provide a reference for breeding sterility, fast-growth, and disease-resistant varieties by distant hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Conghui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Siyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Tian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiubei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Rurong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Chenchen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China
| | - Min Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Polyploid Fish Reproduction and Breeding of the State Education Ministry, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, PR China.
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22
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Zeitelhofer M, Adzemovic MZ, Moessinger C, Stefanitsch C, Strell C, Muhl L, Brundin L, Fredriksson L, Olsson T, Eriksson U, Nilsson I. Blocking PDGF-CC signaling ameliorates multiple sclerosis-like neuroinflammation by inhibiting disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22383. [PMID: 33361796 PMCID: PMC7759579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity is a feature of various neurological disorders. Here we found that the BBB is differently affected during the preclinical, progression and remission phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). We have identified an upregulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors in the BBB transcriptome and down-regulation of endothelial tight junction members coinciding with elevated BBB leakage specifically during the progression phase. These changes were antagonized by blocking PDGFRα signaling with the small tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. Moreover, targeting the PDGFRα ligand PDGF-CC using a neutralizing antibody, facilitated recovery of BBB integrity and improvement of EAE symptoms. Intracerebroventricular injection of PDGF-CC induced upregulation, whereas blocking PDGF-CC during EAE led to downregulation of Tnfa and Il1a at the BBB. Our findings suggest that blocking PDGF-CC counteracts fundamental aspects of endothelial cell activation and disruption of the BBB by decreasing Tnfa and Il1a expression. We also demonstrate that both PDGF-CC and its receptor PDGFRα were upregulated in MS lesions indicating that blocking PDGF-CC may be considered a novel treatment for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Milena Z Adzemovic
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christine Moessinger
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Stefanitsch
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carina Strell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lou Brundin
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Fredriksson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Mo J, Long R, Fantauzzo KA. Pdgfra and Pdgfrb Genetically Interact in the Murine Neural Crest Cell Lineage to Regulate Migration and Proliferation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:588901. [PMID: 33224039 PMCID: PMC7667248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.588901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial neural crest cells (cNCCs) are migratory, multipotent cells that originate from the forebrain to the hindbrain and eventually give rise to the cartilage and bone of the frontonasal skeleton, among other derivatives. Signaling through the two members of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, alpha and beta, plays critical roles in the cNCC lineage to regulate craniofacial development during murine embryogenesis. Further, the PDGFRs have been shown to genetically interact during murine craniofacial development at mid-to-late gestation. Here, we examined the effect of ablating both Pdgfra and Pdgfrb in the murine NCC lineage on earlier craniofacial development and determined the cellular mechanisms by which the observed phenotypes arose. Our results confirm a genetic interaction between the two receptors in this lineage, as phenotypes observed in an allelic series of mutant embryos often worsened with the addition of conditional alleles. The defects observed here appear to stem from aberrant cNCC migration, as well as decreased proliferation of the facial mesenchyme upon combined decreases in PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling. Importantly, we found that PDGFRα plays a predominant role in cNCC migration whereas PDGFRβ primarily contributes to proliferation of the facial mesenchyme past mid-gestation. Our findings provide insight into the distinct mechanisms by which PDGFRα and PDGFRβ signaling regulate cNCC activity and subsequent craniofacial development in the mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katherine A. Fantauzzo
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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24
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Li MX, Li Z, Zhang R, Yu Y, Wang LS, Wang Q, Ding Z, Zhang JP, Zhang MR, Xu LC. Effects of small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of susceptibility genes of non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on cell proliferation and migration. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 138:110382. [PMID: 33152973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-syndrome cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is the most common congenital defect with a complex etiology involving both genetic and environmental factors. Our previous research has identified susceptibility genes of NSCL/P using whole-exome sequencing. The study was to determine the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of genes on cell proliferation and migration to confirm the roles of the genes in NSCL/P. METHODS We silenced the genes by RNA interference (RNAi) with siRNA in human oral keratinocyte (HOK). We used the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay to determine cell proliferation and the wound healing assay to determine cell migration. RESULTS Migration of HOK was inhibited by RNAi-induced silencing of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A4 (ABCA4), erythropoietin produces hepatocyte A receptor 3 (EPHA3), alpha-parvin (PARVA), and platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC). The change of proliferation was not found. Treated with siRNA-mediated silencing of type IV collagen (COL4A2), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B subunit (EIF2B3), fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2), kinesin family member 20B (KIF20B), β-lactamase serine-like protein (LACTB), SEC16 homolog A (SEC16A) and thyroid adenoma target gene (THADA) had no effects on cell proliferation and migration of HOK. CONCLUSIONS We suggest mutations of the four susceptibility genes ABCA4, EPHA3, PARVA and PDGFC are involved in NSCL/P through inhibiting cell migration. The study provides new candidates for future study of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Li
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu-Shan Wang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Rong Zhang
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Chun Xu
- Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221004, 209 Tong-Shan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Bartoletti G, Dong C, Umar M, He F. Pdgfra regulates multipotent cell differentiation towards chondrocytes via inhibiting Wnt9a/beta-catenin pathway during chondrocranial cartilage development. Dev Biol 2020; 466:36-46. [PMID: 32800757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian skull is composed of the calvarial bones and cartilages. Malformation of craniofacial cartilage has been identified in multiple human syndromes. However, the mechanisms of their development remain largely unknown. In the present study, we identified Pdgfra as a novel player of chondrocranial cartilage development. Our data show that Pdgfra is required for normal chondrocranial cartilage development. Using tissue-specific genetic tools, we demonstrated that Pdgfra is essential for chondrocyte progenitors formation, but not in mature chondrocytes. Further analysis revealed that Pdgfra regulates chondrocytes progenitors development at two stages: in embryonic mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), Pdgfra directs their differentiation toward chondrocyte progenitors; in chondrocytes progenitors, Pdgfra activation promotes cell proliferation. We also found that excessive Pdgfra activity causes ectopic cartilage formation. Our data show that Pdgfra directs eMSCs differentiation via inhibiting Wnt9a transcription and its downstream signaling, and activating Wnt signaling rescues ectopic cartilage phenotype caused by excessive Pdgfra activity. In summary, our study dissected the role of Pdgfra signaling in chondrocranial cartilage formation, and illustrated the underlying mechanisms at multiple stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Bartoletti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Chunmin Dong
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Meenakshi Umar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Fenglei He
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA.
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Liu J, Chanumolu SK, White KM, Albahrani M, Otu HH, Nawshad A. Transcriptional analysis of cleft palate in TGFβ3 mutant mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14940. [PMID: 32913205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common craniofacial birth defects, impacting about 1 in 800 births in the USA. Tgf-β3 plays a critical role in regulating murine palate development, and Tgf-β3 null mutants develop cleft palate with 100% penetrance. In this study, we compared global palatal transcriptomes of wild type (WT) and Tgf-β3 −/− homozygous (HM) mouse embryos at the crucial palatogenesis stages of E14.5, and E16.5, using RNA-seq data. We found 1,809 and 2,127 differentially expressed genes at E16.5 vs. E14.5 in the WT and HM groups, respectively (adjusted p < 0.05; |fold change|> 2.0). We focused on the genes that were uniquely up/downregulated in WT or HM at E16.5 vs. E14.5 to identify genes associated with CP. Systems biology analysis relating to cell behaviors and function of WT and HM specific genes identified functional non-Smad pathways and preference of apoptosis to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We identified 24 HM specific and 11 WT specific genes that are CP-related and/or involved in Tgf-β3 signaling. We validated the expression of 29 of the 35 genes using qRT-PCR and the trend of mRNA expression is similar to that of RNA-seq data . Our results enrich our understanding of genes associated with CP that are directly or indirectly regulated via TGF-β.
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27
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Zhou YL, Zhu WC, Shi B, Jia ZL. [Association between platelet-derived growth factor-C single nucleotide polymorphisms and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Western Chinese population]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 38:364-370. [PMID: 32865352 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), namely, rs4691383 and rs7667857, in the platelet-derived growth factor-C (PDGF-C) gene, the genotypes, environmental exposure factors, and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) in Western Chinese population. METHODS A total of 268 case-parent trios were selected, and two SNPs (rs4691383 andrs7667857) were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphic method and direct sequencing method. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium test, transmission disequilibrium test, and haplotype analysis were conducted to analyze the data. Meanwhile, the questionnaires on the epidemiology of cleft lip and palate filled by the included samples were collected, and the interaction between the genotypes of the two SNPs and environmental exposure factors was assessed by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS The A allele at rs4691383 and the G allele at rs7667857 of PDGF-C gene were over-transmitted for NSCL/P (P<0.05). No interaction effect was observed between the three environmental exposure factors (history of smoking/passive smoking, folic acid supplementation, and long-term inhalation of harmful environmental gases) and the PDGF-C genotypes among NSCL/P (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The rs4691383 and rs7667857 at PDGF-C gene are closely related to the occurrence of NSCL/P in Western Chinese population. However, the interaction between environmental exposure factors and PDGF-C genotypes is not obvious in the occurrence of NSCL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen-Chao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Lin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Raju GT, Bhaskar L, Murthy J, Paul SF. Parental transmission effect of PDGF-C gene variants on non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Meta Gene 2020; 24:100669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Xiao WL, Yu G, Zhao N. Development and gene expression of C57BL/6 mouse embryo palate shelves in rotary organ culture. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1235-1242. [PMID: 32010294 PMCID: PMC6966210 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to improve methods for the suspension culture of mouse palatal shelves by comparing the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α in palatal shelves in vivo, to that in vitro. The palatal shelves of C57BL/6 mouse embryos were obtained on gestation days (GDs) 13.5, 14.5, 15.0 and 15.5 for in vivo experiments. The palatal shelves were removed and observed under a stereomicroscope to investigate palatal development. For in vitro experiments, the palatal shelves were dissected under a stereomicroscope on GD 13.5 and then subjected to rotary culture for 0, 24, 36 or 48 h. The expression of PDGFR-α at different time points was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Both methods of analysis displayed PDGFR-α expression in mesenchymal and epithelial cells at GD 13.5, 14.5, 15.0 and 15.5, in vivo and in vitro. The level of PDGFR-α expression peaked on GD 14.5. The expression of PDGFR-α in palatal shelves in in vitro rotary culture was consistent with that in vivo. Therefore, the novel technique of palatal rotary organ culture presented in the current study could provide a good model for studying the mechanism of pathological palatal fusion in vitro. Additionally, the present study further confirmed that PDGFR-α gene expression was associated with the development of palatal shelves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lin Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Guo Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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30
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Chen Z, Yu H, Shi X, Warren CR, Lotta LA, Friesen M, Meissner TB, Langenberg C, Wabitsch M, Wareham N, Benson MD, Gerszten RE, Cowan CA. Functional Screening of Candidate Causal Genes for Insulin Resistance in Human Preadipocytes and Adipocytes. Circ Res 2019; 126:330-346. [PMID: 31739742 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic loci associated with insulin resistance (IR) but pinpointing the causal genes of a risk locus has been challenging. Objective: To identify candidate causal genes for IR, we screened regional and biologically plausible genes (16 in total) near the top 10 IR-loci in risk-relevant cell types, namely preadipocytes and adipocytes. Methods and Results: We generated 16 human Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome preadipocyte knockout lines each with a single IR-gene knocked out by lentivirus-mediated CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 system. We evaluated each gene knockout by screening IR-relevant phenotypes in the 3 insulin-sensitizing mechanisms, including adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin signaling. We performed genetic analyses using data on the genotype-tissue expression portal expression quantitative trait loci database and accelerating medicines partnership type 2 diabetes mellitus Knowledge Portal to evaluate whether candidate genes prioritized by our in vitro studies were expression quantitative trait loci genes in human subcutaneous adipose tissue, and whether expression of these genes is associated with risk of IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. We further validated the functions of 3 new adipose IR genes by overexpression-based phenotypic rescue in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome preadipocyte knockout lines. Twelve genes, PPARG, IRS-1, FST, PEPD, PDGFC, MAP3K1, GRB14, ARL15, ANKRD55, RSPO3, COBLL1, and LYPLAL1, showed diverse phenotypes in the 3 insulin-sensitizing mechanisms, and the first 7 of these genes could affect all the 3 mechanisms. Five out of 6 expression quantitative trait loci genes are among the top candidate causal genes and the abnormal expression levels of these genes (IRS-1, GRB14, FST, PEPD, and PDGFC) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue could be associated with increased risk of IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Phenotypic rescue by overexpression of the candidate causal genes (FST, PEPD, and PDGFC) in the Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome preadipocyte knockout lines confirmed their function in adipose IR. Conclusions: Twelve genes showed diverse phenotypes indicating differential roles in insulin sensitization, suggesting mechanisms bridging the association of their genomic loci with IR. We prioritized PPARG, IRS-1, GRB14, MAP3K1, FST, PEPD, and PDGFC as top candidate genes. Our work points to novel roles for FST, PEPD, and PDGFC in adipose tissue, with consequences for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Chen
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.)
| | - Haojie Yu
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.)
| | - Xu Shi
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.)
| | - Curtis R Warren
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.).,Cardiometabolic Disease Research, Boehringer-Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Ridgefield, CT (C.R.W.)
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.A.L., C.L., N.W.)
| | - Max Friesen
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.)
| | - Torsten B Meissner
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.)
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.A.L., C.L., N.W.)
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Germany (M.W.)
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.A.L., C.L., N.W.)
| | - Mark D Benson
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.)
| | - Rob E Gerszten
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.)
| | - Chad A Cowan
- From the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Cardiovascular Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (Z.C., H.Y., X.S., M.F., T.B.M., M.D.B., R.E.G, C.A.C.).,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA (Z.C., H.Y., M.F., C.R.W., T.B.M., C.A.C.)
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31
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Tidrenczel Z, Tardy EP, Pikó H, Sarkadi E, Böjtös I, Demeter J, Simon J, Kósa JP, Beke A. Prenatal Diagnosis of 4q Terminal Deletion and Review of the Literature. Cytogenet Genome Res 2019; 158:63-73. [PMID: 31261151 DOI: 10.1159/000500735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal deletion of chromosome 4 (4q deletion syndrome) is a rare genetic condition that is characterized by a broad clinical spectrum and phenotypic variability. Diagnosis of the distinct condition can be identified by conventional chromosome analysis and small deletions by novel molecular cytogenetic methods such as microarray comparative genome hybridization (aCGH). Prenatal diagnosis is challenging; to date 10 cases have been described. We report a prenatally diagnosed case of de novo 4q deletion syndrome confirmed by conventional karyotyping and FISH due to an elevated combined risk for Down syndrome and prenatal ultrasound findings. aCGH validated the diagnosis and offered exact characterization of the disorder. Cytogenetic and microarray results described a 4q32.1qter terminal deletion of the fetus. Prenatal ultrasound detected multiple nonstructural findings (micrognathia, choroid plexus cysts, echogenic fetal bowel, short femur, and cardiac axis deviation). Pregnancy was terminated at 20 weeks. In addition to the index patient, we reviewed the 10 prenatally published cases of 4q deletion syndrome in the literature and compared these with our results. We summarize the patients' characteristics and prenatal clinical findings. Alterations of maternal serum biochemical factors, an elevated combined risk for trisomies, and distinct ultrasonographic findings can often be observed in cases of prenatal 4q deletion syndrome and may facilitate the otherwise difficult prenatal diagnosis.
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Gautam J, Cao Y, Yao Y. Pericytic Laminin Maintains Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in an Age-Dependent Manner. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:228-42. [PMID: 31292838 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brain pericytes synthesize and deposit laminin at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The function of pericyte-derived laminin in BBB maintenance remains largely unknown. In a previous study, we generated pericytic laminin conditional knockout (PKO) mice, which developed BBB breakdown and hydrocephalus in a mixed genetic background. However, since hydrocephalus itself can compromise BBB integrity, it remains unclear whether BBB disruption in these mutants is due to loss of pericytic laminin or secondary to hydrocephalus. Here, we report that, in C57Bl6 dominant background, the PKO mice fail to show hydrocephalus, have a normal lifespan, and develop BBB breakdown in an age-dependent manner. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that abnormal paracellular transport, enhanced transcytosis, decreased pericyte coverage, and diminished AQP4 level are responsible for BBB disruption in PKO mice. These results suggest that pericyte-derived laminin plays an indispensable and age-dependent role in the maintenance of BBB integrity under homeostatic conditions.
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Corsinovi D, Giannetti K, Cericola A, Naef V, Ori M. PDGF-B: The missing piece in the mosaic of PDGF family role in craniofacial development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:603-612. [PMID: 31070827 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family consists of four ligands (PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, PDGF-D) and two tyrosine kinase receptors (PDGFR-α and PDGFR-β). In vertebrates, PDGF signaling influences cell proliferation, migration, and matrix deposition, and its up-regulation is implicated in cancer progression. Despite this evidence, the role of each family member during embryogenesis is still incomplete and partially controversial. In particular, study of the role of pdgf signaling during craniofacial development has been focused on pdgf-a, while the role of pdgf-b is almost unknown due to the lethal phenotypes of pdgf-b-null mice. RESULTS By using a pdgf-b splice-blocking morpholino approach, we highlighted impairment of neural crest cell (NCC) migration in Xenopus laevis morphants, leading to alteration of NCC derivatives formation, such as cranial nerves and cartilages. We also uncovered a possible link between pdgf-b and the expression of cadherin superfamily members cdh6 and cdh11, which mediate cell-cell adhesion promoting NCC migration. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that pdgf-b signaling is involved in cranial NCC migration and it is required for proper formation of craniofacial NCC derivatives. Taken together, these data unveiled a new role for pdgf-b during vertebrate development, contributing to complete the picture of pdgf signaling role in craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michela Ori
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Inter-University Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching & Research (Centro 3R), Pisa, Italy
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van Roeyen CRC, Martin IV, Drescher A, Schuett KA, Hermert D, Raffetseder U, Otten S, Buhl EM, Braun GS, Kuppe C, Liehn E, Boor P, Weiskirchen R, Eriksson U, Gross O, Eitner F, Floege J, Ostendorf T. Identification of platelet-derived growth factor C as a mediator of both renal fibrosis and hypertension. Kidney Int 2019; 95:1103-1119. [PMID: 30827511 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) have been implicated in kidney disease progression. We previously found that PDGF-C is upregulated at sites of renal fibrosis and that antagonism of PDGF-C reduces fibrosis in the unilateral ureteral obstruction model. We studied the role of PDGF-C in collagen 4A3-/- ("Alport") mice, a model of progressive renal fibrosis with greater relevance to human kidney disease. Alport mice were crossbred with PDGF-C-/- mice or administered a neutralizing PDGF-C antibody. Both PDGF-C deficiency and neutralization reduced serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels and mitigated glomerular injury, renal fibrosis, and renal inflammation. Unexpectedly, systolic blood pressure was also reduced in both Alport and wild-type mice treated with a neutralizing PDGF-C antibody. Neutralization of PDGF-C reduced arterial wall thickness in the renal cortex of Alport mice. Aortic rings isolated from anti-PDGF-C-treated wildtype mice exhibited reduced tension and faster relaxation than those of untreated mice. In vitro, PDGF-C upregulated angiotensinogen in aortic tissue and in primary hepatocytes and induced nuclear factor κB (NFκB)/p65-binding to the angiotensinogen promoter in hepatocytes. Neutralization of PDGF-C suppressed transcript expression of angiotensinogen in Alport mice and angiotensin II receptor type 1 in Alport and wildtype mice. Finally, administration of neutralizing PDGF-C antibodies ameliorated angiotensin II-induced hypertension in healthy mice. Thus, in addition to its key role in mediating renal fibrosis, we identified PDGF-C as a mediator of hypertension via effects on renal vasculature and on the renin-angiotensin system. The contribution to both renal fibrosis and hypertension render PDGF-C an attractive target in progressive kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R C van Roeyen
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Ina V Martin
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana Drescher
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Hermert
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Raffetseder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Otten
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva M Buhl
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerald S Braun
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisa Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oliver Gross
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Eitner
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Kidney Diseases Research, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly complex and dynamic structure, mainly composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and the basement membrane (BM). The vast majority of BBB research focuses on its cellular constituents. Its non-cellular component, the BM, on the other hand, is largely understudied due to its intrinsic complexity and the lack of research tools. In this review, we focus on the role of the BM in BBB integrity. We first briefly introduce the biochemical composition and structure of the BM. Next, the biological functions of major components of the BM in BBB formation and maintenance are discussed. Our goal is to provide a concise overview on how the BM contributes to BBB integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Abhijit Nirwane
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Wu D, Wang M, Wang X, Zhang YB, Song T, Yin N, Zhao Z. Interaction between interferon regulatory factor 6 and glycine receptor beta shows a protective effect on developing nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in the Han Chinese population. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 127:27-32. [PMID: 30462859 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in protein-coding regions of genes which were previously reported to be associated with nonsyndromic cleft lip, with or without palate involvement (NSCL/P), were investigated. Twelve candidate loci [platelet-derived growth factor C (PDGFC), platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA), glycine receptor alpha 2 (GLRA2), glycine receptor beta (GLRB), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4 (ABCA4), MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB), interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6), CCDC26 long non-coding RNA (CCDC26), paired box 7 (PAX7), ventral anterior homeobox 1 (VAX1), and netrin 1 (NTN1)] covering 1.5 Mbp were sequenced in 136 NSCL/P patients and 54 healthy controls. Twenty-five genomic variants identified were further validated in another 400 NSCL/P and 200 controls. Two SNPs in IRF6 showed a protective effect against the development of NSCL/P (rs12405750, OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41-0.69; and rs2235371, OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.43-0.71). The missense variant, rs2235371, alters the conserved amino acid valine to isoleucine at codon 274 (V274I). We observed that SNPs at IRF6 (rs2235371 and rs12405750) and GLRB (rs73856838 and rs72685584) show consistent interaction effects. The association between the missense SNP rs2235371 in gene IRF6 and NSCL/P suggests that this SNP may play an important role as a risk factor for NSCL/P in the Han Chinese populations. The marginal signal near 4q31 detected in previous genome-wide association studies might be caused by an interaction between the IRF6 and GLRB genes. This interaction needs to be further validated by experimentation in follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Mei Wang
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing
| | - Xingang Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Children Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Ningbei Yin
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Department of Cleft Lip and Palate, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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Abstract
Cleft lip and palate are common craniofacial deformities. The etiology underlying these deformities is complex and multifactorial and they can occur as part of one of many chromosomal syndromes, Mendelian single gene disorders, teratogenic effects, and as yet uncharacterized syndromes. Our paper will provide an overview of the multiple genes and molecular pathways that have been implicated in palatal fusion. We believe that understanding the molecular mechanisms of cleft formation can help clinicians anticipate which patients may have difficulties healing and in the future allow them to make surgical and medical treatment decisions based on genetic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Deshpande
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia U.S.A
| | - Steven L Goudy
- From the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia U.S.A
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38
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Liang S, Zhang JM, Lv ZT, Cheng P, Zhu WT, Chen AM. Identification of Skt11-regulated genes in chondrocytes by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Gene 2018; 677:340-348. [PMID: 30107230 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
SKT11, an important tumor suppressor, is a member of the serine/threonine kinase family and plays a crucial role in tumor invasion and metastasis by activated adenine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and AMPK-related kinase proteins. However, few studies have elaborated its regulations of development and metabolism of cartilage, as well as skeleton. This study was aimed to investigate the role of Stk11-knockout in chondrocyte by bioinformatics analysis. The gene expression profiles for Stk11-knockout and wild-type mice were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 1104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by Affymetrix Expression Console and Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC) software, including 560 up-regulated and 544 down-regulated genes. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were built by mapping DEGs into STRING, in which hub genes such as Fos, Pdgfrb, Pdgfra, Flt1/Vegfr1, Smad3, Mapk14, Twist and Aurkb were further identified. For the up-regulated genes, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathway were two main pathways in the KEGG analysis, and ossification and extracellular matrix organization were involved in the Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. On the other hand, the down-regulated genes were mainly involved in systemic lupus erythematosus and alcoholism pathways, and B cell receptor signaling pathway and immune system process biological processes. MiRNA-9, miRNA-134, miRNA-492, miRNA-224 and miRNA-142-5p were identified as key regulators in the miRNAs-DEG regulatory network. Additionally, OSF2/RUNX2, and NFAT regulated DEGs collectively in the transcription factor regulatory network. The results of RT-PCR verified that the expression of hub genes, transcription factors and miRNAs in our experiment were basically consistent with the microarray hybridization. In this study, we provide an insight into the role of Stk11 in chondrocyte and identify novel genes related to Stk11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Lv
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - An-Min Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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40
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Li H, Zeitelhofer M, Nilsson I, Liu X, Allan L, Gloria B, Perani A, Murone C, Catimel B, Neville AM, Scott FE, Scott AM, Eriksson U. Development of monoclonal anti-PDGF-CC antibodies as tools for investigating human tissue expression and for blocking PDGF-CC induced PDGFRα signalling in vivo. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201089. [PMID: 30052660 PMCID: PMC6063412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PDGF-CC is a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family that stimulates PDGFRα phosphorylation and thereby activates intracellular signalling events essential for development but also in cancer, fibrosis and neuropathologies involving blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. In order to elucidate the biological and pathological role(s) of PDGF-CC signalling, we have generated high affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing human PDGF-CC. We determined the complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of the selected clones, and mapped the binding epitope for clone 6B3. Using the monoclonal 6B3, we determined the expression pattern for PDGF-CC in different human primary tumours and control tissues, and explored its ability to neutralize PDGF-CC-induced phosphorylation of PDGFRα. In addition, we showed that PDGF-CC induced disruption of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was significantly reduced upon intraperitoneal administration of a chimeric anti-PDGF-CC antibody. In summary, we report on high affinity monoclonal antibodies against PDGF-CC that have therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xicong Liu
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Allan
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin Gloria
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angelo Perani
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carmel Murone
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bruno Catimel
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A. Munro Neville
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiona E. Scott
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Ludwig institute for Cancer Research, Melbourne Austin Branch, Melbourne, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rocca M, Morford LL, Blanset DL, Halpern WG, Cavagnaro J, Bowman CJ. Applying a weight of evidence approach to the evaluation of developmental toxicity of biopharmaceuticals. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 98:69-79. [PMID: 30009863 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity studies in pregnant animals are not always necessary for assessing the human risk of developmental toxicity of biopharmaceuticals. The growing experience and information on target biology and molecule-specific pharmacokinetics present a powerful approach to accurately anticipate effects of target engagement by biopharmaceuticals using a weight of evidence approach. The weight of evidence assessment should include all available data including target biology, pharmacokinetics, class effects, genetically modified animals, human mutations, and a thorough literature review. When assimilated, this weight of evidence evaluation may be sufficient to inform risk for specific clinical indications and patient populations. While under current guidance this approach is only applicable for drugs and biologics for oncology, the authors would like to suggest that this approach may also be appropriate for other disease indications. When there is an unacceptable level of uncertainty and a toxicity study in pregnant animals could impact human risk assessment, then such studies should be considered. Determination of appropriate nonclinical species for developmental toxicity studies to inform human risk should consider species-specific limitations, reproductive physiology, and pharmacology of the biopharmaceutical. This paper will provide considerations and examples of the weight of evidence approach to evaluating the human risk of developmental toxicity of biopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wendy G Halpern
- Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA, United States.
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Zeitelhofer M, Li H, Adzemovic MZ, Nilsson I, Muhl L, Scott AM, Eriksson U. Preclinical toxicological assessment of a novel monoclonal antibody targeting human platelet-derived growth factor CC (PDGF-CC) in PDGF-CChum mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200649. [PMID: 30021009 PMCID: PMC6051635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor CC (PDGF-CC) is important during foetal development but also in pathogenesis of neurologic diseases, cancer and fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that blocking the PDGF-CC/PDGF receptor alpha (PDGFRα) axis resulted in reduction of stroke volume and cerebrovascular permeability after experimentally induced stroke. Recently, we could translate these findings into the clinic showing that imatinib, a small tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting PDGF receptors, can significantly improve neurological outcome after ischemic stroke in human. Herein we report preclinical toxicological analyses of our newly generated monoclonal anti-human PDGF-CC antibody 6B3 (mAb 6B3) in PDGF-CC humanized mice. Beside histological organ assessment, we also analysed serum, urine, haematological parameters and the general health status of the treated mice. We could not find any indications that mAb 6B3 is toxic or has other significant side effects neither in short, nor in long treatment regimens. Our results indicate that mAb 6B3 can be further developed for clinical use. This opens up the possibility to assess the therapeutic potential of blocking PDGF-CC in diverse pathological conditions such as neurologic diseases, cancer and fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Lymphokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Lymphokines/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Zeitelhofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Milena Z. Adzemovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Nilsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Muhl
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew M. Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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43
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Roswall P, Bocci M, Bartoschek M, Li H, Kristiansen G, Jansson S, Lehn S, Sjölund J, Reid S, Larsson C, Eriksson P, Anderberg C, Cortez E, Saal LH, Orsmark-Pietras C, Cordero E, Haller BK, Häkkinen J, Burvenich IJG, Lim E, Orimo A, Höglund M, Rydén L, Moch H, Scott AM, Eriksson U, Pietras K. Microenvironmental control of breast cancer subtype elicited through paracrine platelet-derived growth factor-CC signaling. Nat Med 2018. [PMID: 29529015 PMCID: PMC5896729 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast tumors of the basal-like, hormone receptor-negative, subtype remain an unmet clinical challenge, as patients exhibit a high rate of recurrence and poor survival. Co-evolution of the malignant mammary epithelium and its underlying stroma instigates cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to endorse most, if not all, hallmarks of cancer progression. Here, we delineate a previously unappreciated role for CAFs as determinants of the molecular subtype of breast cancer. We identified a paracrine cross-talk between cancer cells expressing platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-CC and CAFs expressing the cognate receptors in human basal-like mammary carcinomas. Genetic or pharmacological intervention with PDGF-CC activity in mouse models of cancer resulted in conversion of basal-like breast cancers into a hormone receptor-positive state that conferred sensitivity to endocrine therapy in previously impervious tumors. We conclude that specification of the basal-like subtype of breast cancer is under microenvironmental control and therapeutically actionable in order to achieve sensitivity to endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Roswall
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matteo Bocci
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Bartoschek
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hong Li
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sara Jansson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sophie Lehn
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Sjölund
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Steven Reid
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christer Larsson
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Eriksson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Anderberg
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Eliane Cortez
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lao H Saal
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Eugenia Cordero
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Kristian Haller
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jari Häkkinen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid J G Burvenich
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elgene Lim
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Akira Orimo
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mattias Höglund
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Rydén
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Holger Moch
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ulf Eriksson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristian Pietras
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Haaland ØA, Lie RT, Romanowska J, Gjerdevik M, Gjessing HK, Jugessur A. A Genome-Wide Search for Gene-Environment Effects in Isolated Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate Triads Points to an Interaction between Maternal Periconceptional Vitamin Use and Variants in ESRRG. Front Genet 2018. [PMID: 29535761 PMCID: PMC5834486 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is widely accepted that cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) results from the complex interplay between multiple genetic and environmental factors. However, a robust investigation of these gene-environment (GxE) interactions at a genome-wide level is still lacking for isolated CL/P. Materials and Methods: We used our R-package Haplin to perform a genome-wide search for GxE effects in isolated CL/P. From a previously published GWAS, genotypes and information on maternal periconceptional cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and vitamin use were available on 1908 isolated CL/P triads of predominantly European or Asian ancestry. A GxE effect is present if the relative risk estimates for gene-effects in the offspring are different across exposure strata. We tested this using the relative risk ratio (RRR). Besides analyzing all ethnicities combined ("pooled analysis"), separate analyses were conducted on Europeans and Asians to investigate ethnicity-specific effects. To control for multiple testing, q-values were calculated from the p-values. Results: We identified significant GxVitamin interactions with three SNPs in "Estrogen-related receptor gamma" (ESRRG) in the pooled analysis. The RRRs (95% confidence intervals) were 0.56 (0.45-0.69) with rs1339221 (q = 0.011), 0.57 (0.46-0.70) with rs11117745 (q = 0.011), and 0.62 (0.50-0.76) with rs2099557 (q = 0.037). The associations were stronger when these SNPs were analyzed as haplotypes composed of two-SNP and three-SNP combinations. The strongest effect was with the "t-t-t" haplotype of the rs1339221-rs11117745-rs2099557 combination [RRR = 0.50 (0.40-0.64)], suggesting that the effects observed with the other SNP combinations, including those in the single-SNP analyses, were mainly driven by this haplotype. Although there were potential GxVitamin effects with rs17734557 and rs1316471 and GxAlcohol effects with rs9653456 and rs921876 in the European sample, respectively, none of the SNPs was located in or near genes with strong links to orofacial clefts. GxAlcohol and GxSmoke effects were not assessed in the Asian sample because of a lack of observations for these exposures. Discussion/Conclusion: We identified significant interactions between vitamin use and variants in ESRRG in the pooled analysis. These GxE effects are novel and warrant further investigations to elucidate their roles in orofacial clefting. If validated, they could provide prospects for exploring the impact of estrogens and vitamins on clefting, with potential translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein A Haaland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolv T Lie
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Julia Romanowska
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Computational Biology Unit, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Miriam Gjerdevik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon K Gjessing
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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45
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Folestad E, Kunath A, Wågsäter D. PDGF-C and PDGF-D signaling in vascular diseases and animal models. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 62:1-11. [PMID: 29410092 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family are well known to be involved in different pathological conditions. The cellular and molecular mechanisms induced by the PDGF signaling have been well studied. Nevertheless, there is much more to discover about their functions and some important questions to be answered. This review summarizes the known roles of two of the PDGFs, PDGF-C and PDGF-D, in vascular diseases. There are clear implications for these growth factors in several vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and stroke. The PDGF receptors are broadly expressed in the cardiovascular system in cells such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Altered expression of the receptors and the ligands have been found in various cardiovascular diseases and current studies have shown important implications of PDGF-C and PDGF-D signaling in fibrosis, neovascularization, atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Folestad
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Kunath
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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46
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Sil S, Periyasamy P, Thangaraj A, Chivero ET, Buch S. PDGF/PDGFR axis in the neural systems. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 62:63-74. [PMID: 29409855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and their receptors (PDGFRs) are expressed in several cell types including the brain cells such as neuronal progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Emerging evidence shows that PDGF-mediated signaling regulates diverse functions in the central nervous system (CNS) such as neurogenesis, cell survival, synaptogenesis, modulation of ligand-gated ion channels, and development of specific types of neurons. Interestingly, PDGF/PDFGR signaling can elicit paradoxical roles in the CNS, depending on the cell type and the activation stimuli and is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of PDGFs/PDGFRs in several neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, brain cancer, cerebral ischemia, HIV-1 and drug abuse. Understanding PDGF/PDGFR signaling may lead to novel approaches for the future development of therapeutic strategies for combating CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Sil
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Palsamy Periyasamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Annadurai Thangaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ernest T Chivero
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Shilpa Buch
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, 985880 Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
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47
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Wu X, Liu W, Ding H. A Pdgf-c CreERT2 knock-in mouse model for tracing PDGF-C cell lineages during development. Genesis 2018; 56. [PMID: 29345101 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PDGF-C, a member of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family, plays important roles in the development of craniofacial structures, the neural system, the vascular system, and tumors. PDGF-C could also be required for the regulation of certain types of stem or progenitor cells as suggested by its expression in the regions where these cells are located. To further characterize the role of PDGF-C in development, we generated a Pdgf-cCreERT2 mouse strain, in which a tamoxifen-inducible Cre (CreERT2) cDNA was specifically targeted into the Pdgf-c genomic locus and controlled by the endogenous Pdgf-c regulatory elements. We also showed that Cre activity in this mouse strain could be specifically induced by tamoxifen, which allowed the fate of PDGF-C-expressing cells to be traced at various stages of development. Using this model system, we demonstrated for the first time that PDGF-C-expressing cells could be multipotent, generating multiple cell lineages required for the formation of the cerebellum. Therefore, the Pdgf-cCreERT2 mouse strain generated in this study will be a valuable transgenic tool for exploring the function of PDGF-C in development and stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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48
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Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoforms and their receptors have important roles during embryogenesis, particularly in the development of various mesenchymal cell types in different organs. In the adult, PDGF stimulates wound healing and regulates tissue homeostasis. However, overactivity of PDGF signalling is associated with malignancies and other diseases characterized by excessive cell proliferation, such as fibrotic conditions and atherosclerosis. In certain tumours, genetic or epigenetic alterations of the genes for PDGF ligands and receptors drive tumour cell proliferation and survival. Examples include the rare skin tumour dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance, which is driven by autocrine PDGF stimulation due to translocation of a PDGF gene, and certain gastrointestinal stromal tumours and leukaemias, which are driven by constitute activation of PDGF receptors due to point mutations and formation of fusion proteins of the receptors, respectively. Moreover, PDGF stimulates cells in tumour stroma and promotes angiogenesis as well as the development of cancer-associated fibroblasts, both of which promote tumour progression. Inhibitors of PDGF signalling may thus be of clinical usefulness in the treatment of certain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Lennartsson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Westermark
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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49
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O’Brien LL, Guo Q, Bahrami-Samani E, Park JS, Hasso SM, Lee YJ, Fang A, Kim AD, Guo J, Hong TM, Peterson KA, Lozanoff S, Raviram R, Ren B, Fogelgren B, Smith AD, Valouev A, McMahon AP. Transcriptional regulatory control of mammalian nephron progenitors revealed by multi-factor cistromic analysis and genetic studies. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007181. [PMID: 29377931 PMCID: PMC5805373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephron progenitor number determines nephron endowment; a reduced nephron count is linked to the onset of kidney disease. Several transcriptional regulators including Six2, Wt1, Osr1, Sall1, Eya1, Pax2, and Hox11 paralogues are required for specification and/or maintenance of nephron progenitors. However, little is known about the regulatory intersection of these players. Here, we have mapped nephron progenitor-specific transcriptional networks of Six2, Hoxd11, Osr1, and Wt1. We identified 373 multi-factor associated 'regulatory hotspots' around genes closely associated with progenitor programs. To examine their functional significance, we deleted 'hotspot' enhancer elements for Six2 and Wnt4. Removal of the distal enhancer for Six2 leads to a ~40% reduction in Six2 expression. When combined with a Six2 null allele, progeny display a premature depletion of nephron progenitors. Loss of the Wnt4 enhancer led to a significant reduction of Wnt4 expression in renal vesicles and a mildly hypoplastic kidney, a phenotype also enhanced in combination with a Wnt4 null mutation. To explore the regulatory landscape that supports proper target gene expression, we performed CTCF ChIP-seq to identify insulator-boundary regions. One such putative boundary lies between the Six2 and Six3 loci. Evidence for the functional significance of this boundary was obtained by deep sequencing of the radiation-induced Brachyrrhine (Br) mutant allele. We identified an inversion of the Six2/Six3 locus around the CTCF-bound boundary, removing Six2 from its distal enhancer regulation, but placed next to Six3 enhancer elements which support ectopic Six2 expression in the lens where Six3 is normally expressed. Six3 is now predicted to fall under control of the Six2 distal enhancer. Consistent with this view, we observed ectopic Six3 in nephron progenitors. 4C-seq supports the model for Six2 distal enhancer interactions in wild-type and Br/+ mouse kidneys. Together, these data expand our view of the regulatory genome and regulatory landscape underpinning mammalian nephrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L. O’Brien
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Emad Bahrami-Samani
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Division of Pediatric Urology and Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Hasso
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Young-Jin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Alan Fang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert D. Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Trudy M. Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | | | - Scott Lozanoff
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Ramya Raviram
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomic Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Ben Fogelgren
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Physiology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Andrew D. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Anton Valouev
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Bioinformatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Broad-CIRM Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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50
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Abstract
The term angiogenesis arose in the 18th century. Several studies over the next 100 years laid the groundwork for initial studies performed by the Folkman laboratory, which were at first met with some opposition. Once overcome, the angiogenesis field has flourished due to studies on tumor angiogenesis and various developmental models that can be genetically manipulated, including mice and zebrafish. In addition, new discoveries have been aided by the ability to isolate primary endothelial cells, which has allowed dissection of various steps within angiogenesis. This review will summarize the molecular events that control angiogenesis downstream of biochemical factors such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and lipids. These and other stimuli have been linked to regulation of junctional molecules and cell surface receptors. In addition, the contribution of cytoskeletal elements and regulatory proteins has revealed an intricate role for mobilization of actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments in response to cues that activate the endothelium. Activating stimuli also affect various focal adhesion proteins, scaffold proteins, intracellular kinases, and second messengers. Finally, metalloproteinases, which facilitate matrix degradation and the formation of new blood vessels, are discussed, along with our knowledge of crosstalk between the various subclasses of these molecules throughout the text. Compr Physiol 8:153-235, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David W Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jui M Dave
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie E Torrie
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Essner
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kayla J Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
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