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Hegvik TA, Zhou Y, Brauckhoff K, Furu K, Hjellvik V, Bjørge T, Engeland A. Prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions after diagnosis of thyroid cancer: a register-based cohort study. Eur J Endocrinol 2024; 191:166-174. [PMID: 39077806 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Little is known about thyroid cancer survivors' risk of chronic conditions. We, therefore, investigated the prevalence of drugs used for chronic conditions among thyroid cancer patients using population-wide register data. METHODS We linked data from the Cancer Registry of Norway to the Norwegian Prescription Database and other databases for a study population of 3.52 million individuals, including 3486 individuals with thyroid cancer diagnosed during 2005-2019. Prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% CIs of reimbursed prescribed drugs in thyroid cancer patients up to 15 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis were estimated by log-binomial regression, with the cancer-free population as reference. RESULTS Individuals (both males and females) with thyroid cancer had higher use of drugs for several chronic conditions in the years after diagnosis; eg, 5 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis, there was elevated use of drugs for hypoparathyroidism (PRmales = 35.4, 95% CI, 25.2-49.7; PRfemales = 42.8, 95% CI, 34.2-53.6), hypertension (PRfemales = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.12-1.28), anxiety and tension (PRmales = 4.01, 95% CI, 1.80-8.92; PRfemales = 2.01, 95% CI, 1.15-3.52), gastric acid disorders (PRmales = 1.52, 95% CI, 1.22-1.91; PRfemales = 1.45, 95% CI, 1.27-1.66), and pain (PRmales = 1.48, 95% CI, 1.11-1.97; PRfemales = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.08-1.42) as compared with the cancer-free population. In addition, males with thyroid cancer had long-term elevated use of drugs for depression (eg, year 10+, PRmales = 1.66, 95% CI, 1.06-2.59). Individuals with thyroid cancer also had higher use of drugs for several conditions prior to the thyroid cancer diagnosis, eg, hypertension, gastric acid disorders, and pain. CONCLUSIONS Individuals diagnosed with thyroid cancer had elevated long-term use of drugs for several chronic conditions, as compared with the cancer-free population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor-Arne Hegvik
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim 7006, Norway
| | - YanYan Zhou
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Cal State East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Katrin Brauckhoff
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
| | - Kari Furu
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
| | - Vidar Hjellvik
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
| | - Tone Bjørge
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Anders Engeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen 5020, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0473, Norway
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Guo X, Tang S, Li Y, Mu C, Zhang H, Jiang Q, Jiang M, Han W, Zheng Y, Piao J. Mechanism underlying the role of integrin α3β1 in adhesive dysfunction between thyroid cells induced by diesel engine exhaust particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174535. [PMID: 38972403 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The role and mechanisms of DEP exposure on thyroid injury are not yet clear. This study explores thyroid damage induced by in vivo DEP exposure using a mouse model. This study has observed alterations in thyroid follicular architecture, including rupture, colloid overflow, and the formation of voids. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the expression levels of proteins involved in thyroid hormone synthesis, such as thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, their trend of change is consistent with the damage to the thyroid structure. Serum levels of triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine were raise. However, the decrease in TSH expression suggests that the function of the HPT axis is unaffected. To delve deeper into the intrinsic mechanisms of thyroid injury, we performed KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, which revealed notable alterations in the cell adhesion signaling pathway. Our immunofluorescence results show that DEP exposure impairs thyroid adhesion, and integrin α3β1 plays an important role. CD151 binds to α3β1, promoting multimolecular complex formation and activating adhesion-dependent small GTPases. Our in vitro model has confirmed the pivotal role of integrin α3β1 in thyroid cell adhesion, which may be mediated by the CD151/α3β1/Rac1 pathway. In summary, exposure to DEP disrupts the structure and function of the thyroid, a process that likely involves the regulation of cell adhesion through the CD151/α3β1/Rac1 pathway, leading to glandular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyin Guo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Siying Tang
- Chengyang City Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanting Li
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chaohui Mu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Menghui Jiang
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Jinmei Piao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Gopalan V, Tote D, Deshpande SG, Bhargava A, Gupta AA. Metastatic Follicular Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e65609. [PMID: 39205786 PMCID: PMC11350315 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neck lumps may indicate metabolic disorders of the parathyroid and thyroid glands commonly present in the anterior aspect of the neck. Some neck lumps are detected as follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular thyroid cancer is a malignant epithelial tumor that shows evidence of follicular cell differentiation but lacks the characteristic nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Iodine-deficient regions have higher rates of follicular carcinoma. There has been a decline in the incidence of this kind of tumor in recent years. As with PTC, prior radiation therapy increases the risk of follicular cancer, but to a lesser extent. In some cases, patients have distant metastases that involve the bones. Follicular cancer is divided into minimally invasive and widely invasive types. Early detection is important. Treatment usually consists of thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine therapy, and hormone replacement therapy may be necessary. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an efficient and cost-effective tool for the diagnosis of neck swelling and has the potential to diagnose the mass. We report the case of a 60-year-old Indian woman who had been experiencing neck swelling for the last 12 years. The neglected neck mass was confirmed as a hyperechoic mass with microcalcifications on ultrasound, representative of metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma, which further spread to the ribs and the vertebrae. The patient was followed without complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundara Gopalan
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Darshana Tote
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swati G Deshpande
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Abhilasha Bhargava
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Amol A Gupta
- General Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Teodoriu L, Ungureanu MC, Matei M, Grierosu I, Saviuc AI, Wael J, Ivanov I, Dragos L, Danila R, Cristian V, Costandache MA, Iftene A, Preda C, Stefanescu C. BRAF Detection in FNAC Combined with Semi-Quantitative 99mTc-MIBI Technique and AI Model, an Economic and Efficient Predicting Tool for Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1398. [PMID: 39001288 PMCID: PMC11241294 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technology allows us to predict a histopathological diagnosis, but the high costs prevent the large-scale use of these possibilities. The current liberal indication for surgery in benign thyroid conditions led to a rising frequency of incidental thyroid carcinoma, especially low-risk papillary micro-carcinomas. METHODS We selected a cohort of 148 patients with thyroid nodules by ultrasound characteristics and investigated them by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC)and prospective BRAF collection for 70 patients. Also, we selected 44 patients with thyroid nodules using semi-quantitative functional imaging with an oncological, 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (99mTc-MIBI) radiotracer. RESULTS Following a correlation with final histopathological reports in patients who underwent thyroidectomy, we introduced the results in a machine learning program (AI) in order to obtain a pattern. For semi-quantitative functional visual pattern imaging, we found a sensitivity of 33%, a specificity of 66.67%, an accuracy of 60% and a negative predicting value (NPV) of 88.6%. For the wash-out index (WOind), we found a sensitivity of 57.14%, a specificity of 50%, an accuracy of 70% and an NPV of 90.06%.The results of BRAF in FNAC included 87.50% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, 83.33% accuracy, 75.00% NPV and 87.50% PPV. The prevalence of malignancy in our small cohort was 11.4%. CONCLUSIONS We intend to continue combining preoperative investigations such as molecular detection in FNAC, 99mTc-MIBI scanning and AI training with the obtained results on a larger cohort. The combination of these investigations may generate an efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tool, but confirmation of the results on a larger scale is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Teodoriu
- Endocrinology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Maria-Christina Ungureanu
- Endocrinology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mioara Matei
- Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irena Grierosu
- Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Iuliana Saviuc
- Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Jalloul Wael
- Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliu Ivanov
- Center of Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translational Medicine, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Dragos
- Center of Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translational Medicine, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Danila
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Velicescu Cristian
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Adrian Iftene
- Faculty of Computer Science, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Preda
- Endocrinology Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cipriana Stefanescu
- Biophysics and Medical Physics-Nuclear Medicine Department, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Wu JY, Shyu YK, Lee YK, Wang YC, Chiang CJ, You SL, Liao LJ, Hsu WL, Chen YC. Secular Increasing Trends in Female Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Taiwan. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:809. [PMID: 39063564 PMCID: PMC11278399 DOI: 10.3390/life14070809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer incidence has increased globally in recent decades, especially in females, although its trends in Taiwan have not been studied extensively. This study aimed to investigate changes in female incidence and possible causes of thyroid cancer in Taiwan. METHODS Using the Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) Database, age-standardized incidence rates, age-specific incidence rates and birth cohorts were calculated. Correlation between female thyroid cancer incidence and cohort fertility rates were examined. RESULTS Thyroid cancer incidence increased in Taiwanese female, with age-adjusted rates per 100,000 people increasing from 7.37 during 1995-1999 to 20.53 during 2015-2019; the annual percentage change (APC) was 5.9% (95% CI, 5.3-6.5). Age-specific incidence rates increased with age, with peak rates occurring at younger ages. The APCs in the 50-54 age group were the highest (6.8%, 95% CI, 6.1-7.5). Incidence rates also increased with later birth cohorts. We observed a significant negative correlation between thyroid cancer incidence and fertility rates in the same birth cohort. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that overdiagnosis may be a main reason for the rapidly increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Taiwanese females. Notably, we observed a strong negative correlation between fertility and thyroid cancer incidence. However, our study is limited by the absence of individual-level cancer data in the TCR database. These associations with fertility will be an important subject for future thyroid cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Yan Wu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Yuh-Kae Shyu
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Kwang Lee
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Chiao Wang
- Master Program of Big Data in Medical Healthcare Industry, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - San-Lin You
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jen Liao
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
- Head and Neck Cancer Surveillance and Research Group, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Lun Hsu
- Master Program of Big Data in Medical Healthcare Industry, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Chen Chen
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (J.-Y.W.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Data Science Center, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
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Gielecińska A, Kciuk M, Kołat D, Kruczkowska W, Kontek R. Polymorphisms of DNA Repair Genes in Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5995. [PMID: 38892180 PMCID: PMC11172789 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer, one of the most common forms of endocrine cancer, is increasing rapidly worldwide in developed and developing countries. Various risk factors can increase susceptibility to thyroid cancer, but particular emphasis is put on the role of DNA repair genes, which have a significant impact on genome stability. Polymorphisms of these genes can increase the risk of developing thyroid cancer by affecting their function. In this article, we present a concise review on the most common polymorphisms of selected DNA repair genes that may influence the risk of thyroid cancer. We point out significant differences in the frequency of these polymorphisms between various populations and their potential relationship with susceptibility to the disease. A more complete understanding of these differences may lead to the development of effective prevention strategies and targeted therapies for thyroid cancer. Simultaneously, there is a need for further research on the role of polymorphisms of previously uninvestigated DNA repair genes in the context of thyroid cancer, which may contribute to filling the knowledge gaps on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (R.K.)
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-136 Lodz, Poland
| | - Weronika Kruczkowska
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland; (A.G.); (R.K.)
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Chakrabarty N, Mahajan A, Basu S, D’Cruz AK. Comprehensive Review of the Imaging Recommendations for Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2904. [PMID: 38792444 PMCID: PMC11122658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most common head and neck cancer (HNC) in the world. In this article, we comprehensively cover baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up imaging recommendations for thyroid carcinomas along with the eighth edition of the tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging system proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC). We include characterization and risk stratification of thyroid nodules on ultrasound (US) proposed by various international bodies. Management guidelines (depending upon the type of thyroid carcinoma) based on the international consensus recommendations (mainly by the American Thyroid Association) are also extensively covered in this article, including the role of a radioiodine scan. The management of recurrent disease is also briefly elucidated in this article. In addition, we cover the risk factors and etiopathogenesis of thyroid carcinoma along with the non-imaging diagnostic workup essential for thyroid carcinoma management, including the significance of genetic mutations. US is the diagnostic imaging modality of choice, with US-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) being the procedure of choice for tissue diagnosis. The roles of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) in thyroid carcinoma staging are also specified. Through this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive reference guide for the radiologists and the clinicians in the pursuit of optimal care for patients with thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Chakrabarty
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Abhishek Mahajan
- Department of Imaging, The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, 65 Pembroke Place, Liverpool L7 8YA, UK
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sandip Basu
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Tata Memorial Hospital Annexe, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Anil K. D’Cruz
- Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai 400614, Maharashtra, India;
- Foundation of Head Neck Oncology, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
- Union International Cancer Control (UICC), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
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Fatourechi V. Follow-up and Outcomes of 186 Patients With Follicular Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer Seen at a Referral Center by One Thyroidologist in 2015. Endocr Pract 2024; 30:450-455. [PMID: 38461879 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the profile, management, and outcomes of follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer (FCDTC) before publication of the 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines recommending less-aggressive thyroid cancer procedures. METHODS Patients with FCDTC were seen by one thyroidologist at Mayo Clinic during the 2015 calendar year. Patients underwent surgical procedures for FCDTC in 2015 or earlier at Mayo Clinic or another institution. Follow-up data were collected from January 1, 2016, through July 20, 2022. Outcomes measured included tumor characteristics, treatment methods, adverse effects, diagnostic imaging methods, and primary tumor/metastasis status at the last follow-up. RESULTS Of 186 included patients, 85 had total or near-total thyroidectomy. Bilateral disease was present in 35.5% of these patients, and contralateral involvement would have been missed by lobectomy for 9 (10%) patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. Additionally, 57% had positive neck lymph nodes identified during their surgical procedure, 25% (21% in central compartment) of which were undetected by preoperative ultrasonography. At the last follow-up, 65.6% of patients had no evidence of disease and 10.7% had distant metastases. CONCLUSION This report outlines the profile and outcomes of patients with FCDTC who were treated at a referral center before the revised 2016 American Thyroid Association guidelines. Lobectomy for low-risk FCDTC may miss some cancer in the contralateral lobe. However, the clinical importance of these missed microcarcinomas is unclear. Preoperative ultrasonography effectively predicts lateral, but not central compartment, nodal metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahab Fatourechi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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Yamazaki H, Sugino K, Katoh R, Matsuzu K, Kitagawa W, Nagahama M, Rino Y, Saito A, Ito K. Role of the Degree of Vascular Invasion in Predicting Prognosis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1291-1300. [PMID: 38006314 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the prognostic factors for follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) with the incorporation of the histologic subtype and degree of vascular invasion (VI). PATIENTS The records of 474 patients with FTC confirmed by surgical specimens at Ito Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were reviewed in this retrospective cohort study. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and distant metastasis-free survival. RESULTS Of the 474 patients, 140 (30%) had minimally invasive FTC, 260 (55%) had encapsulated angio-invasive FTC, and 74 (16%) had widely invasive FTC. Among the 428 patients with M0 FTC, the 10-year DFS rates of patients with minimally invasive FTC (n = 133), encapsulated angio-invasive FTC (n = 247), and widely invasive FTC (n = 48) were 97.3%, 84.2%, and 69.9% (P < .001), respectively. A multivariate analysis identified aged ≥55 years (hazard ratio [HR], 2.204; 95% CI, 1.223-3.969; P = .009), histologic subtype (HR, 2.068; 95% CI, 1.064-4.021; P = .032), VI of ≥2 (HR, 6.814; 95% CI, 3.157-14.710; P < .001), and tumor size >40 mm (HR, 2.014; 95% CI, 1.089-3.727; P = .026) as independent negative prognostic factors for DFS. CONCLUSION Our study results may enable us to stratify the prognosis of FTC more accurately by combining the histologic subtype with the degree of VI ≥2, aged ≥55 years, and tumor size >40 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruhiko Yamazaki
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafunecho, Minami-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 232-0024, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Kiminori Sugino
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuzu
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Mitsuji Nagahama
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
| | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Aya Saito
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, 4-3-6, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8308, Japan
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Zhao Q, Chen M, Fu L, Yang Y, Zhan Y. Assessing and projecting the global burden of thyroid cancer, 1990-2030: Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04090. [PMID: 38577809 PMCID: PMC10995745 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to assess the global incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of thyroid cancer between 1990 and 2030. Methods Our study analysed Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 data from 204 countries, spanning 1990-2019. It focused on age-standardised thyroid cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), using the sociodemographic index (SDI) for assessing socioeconomic levels. Generalised additive models (GAMs) projected thyroid cancer trends for 2020-2030. Results The global burden of thyroid cancer is predicted to increase significantly from 1990 to 2030. The number of thyroid cancer incidence cases is projected to rise from 233 846.64 in 2019 to 305 078.08 by 2030, representing an approximate 30.46% increase. The ASIR (age-standardised incidence rate) is expected to continue its upward trend (estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) = 0.83). The age-standardised death rate (ASDR) for thyroid cancer is projected to decline in both genders, more notably in women (EAPC = -0.34) compared to men (EAPC = -0.17). The burden of disease escalates with advancing age, with significant regional disparities. Regions with lower SDI, particularly in South Asia, are anticipated to witness substantial increases in thyroid cancer incidence from 2020 to 2030. The overall disease burden is expected to rise, especially in countries with low to middle SDI, reflecting broader socio-economic and health care shifts. Conclusions This study highlights significant regional and gender-specific variations in thyroid cancer, with notable increases in incidence rates, particularly in areas like South Asia. These trends suggest improvements in diagnostic capabilities and the influence of socio-economic factors. Additionally, the observed decline in mortality rates across various regions reflects advancements in thyroid cancer management. The findings underline the critical importance of regionally tailored prevention strategies, robust cancer registries, and public health initiatives to address the evolving landscape of thyroid cancer and mitigate health disparities globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Manting Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leiwen Fu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
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11
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Guglielmo P, Alongi P, Baratto L, Conte M, Abenavoli EM, Buschiazzo A, Celesti G, Dondi F, Filice R, Gorica J, Jonghi-Lavarini L, Laudicella R, Librando M, Linguanti F, Mattana F, Miceli A, Olivari L, Piscopo L, Santo G, Volpe F, Evangelista L. FAPi-Based Agents in Thyroid Cancer: A New Step towards Diagnosis and Therapy? A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:839. [PMID: 38398230 PMCID: PMC10887091 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is often treated with surgery followed by iodine-131. Up to 50% of the instances of TC lose their avidity to 131I, becoming more aggressive. In this scenario, [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging is used for evaluating the widespread nature of the disease, despite its low sensitivity and a false negative rate of 8-21.1%. A novel class of PET agents targeting the fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPi) has emerged, studied particularly for their potential application to theranostics. (2) Methods: A search of the literature was performed by two independent authors (P.G. and L.E.) using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. The following terms were used: "FAP" or "FAPi" or "Fibroblast activating protein" and "thyroid" or "thyroid cancer", in different combinations. The included papers were original articles, clinical studies, and case reports in the English language. No time limits were used. Editorials, conference papers, reviews, and preclinical studies were excluded. (3) Results: There were 31 papers that were selected. Some studies reported a low or absent FAPi uptake in TC lesions; others reported promising findings for the detection of metastases. (4) Conclusions: The preliminary results are encouraging. FAPI agents are an alternative to [18F]FDG and a promising theranostic tool. However, further studies with a larger population are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pierpaolo Alongi
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, A.R.N.A.S. Ospedali Civico, Di Cristina e Benfratelli, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Lucia Baratto
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA;
| | - Miriam Conte
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Ambra Buschiazzo
- Nuclear Medicine Division, Santa Croce and Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Greta Celesti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Francesco Dondi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Università degli Studi di Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Rossella Filice
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Joana Gorica
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Anatomo-Pathology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Lorenzo Jonghi-Lavarini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Laudicella
- Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy; (R.F.); (R.L.)
| | - Maria Librando
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy; (G.C.); (M.L.)
| | - Flavia Linguanti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Francesco Mattana
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCSS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alberto Miceli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Laura Olivari
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, 37024 Negrar, Italy;
| | - Leandra Piscopo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Giulia Santo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Fabio Volpe
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.P.); (F.V.)
| | - Laura Evangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
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12
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Hu Y, Wang Z, Dong L, Zhang L, Xiuyang L. The prognostic value of lymph node ratio for thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1333094. [PMID: 38384804 PMCID: PMC10879587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1333094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) has been proved in several cancers. However, the potential of LNR to be a prognostic factor for thyroid cancer has not been validated so far. This article evaluated the prognostic value of LNR for thyroid cancer through a meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search was conducted for eligible publications that study the prognostic values of LNR for thyroid cancer in the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science up until October 24, 2023. The quality of the eligible studies was evaluated by The Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale of Cohort Study. The effect measure for meta-analysis was Hazard Ratio (HR). Random effect model was used to calculate the pooled HR and 95% confidence intervals. A sensitivity analysis was applied to assess the stability of the results. Subgroup analysis and a meta-regression were performed to explore the source of heterogeneity. And a funnel plot, Begg's and Egger's tests were used to evaluate publication bias. Results A total of 15,698 patients with thyroid cancer from 24 eligible studies whose quality were relatively high were included. The pooled HR was 4.74 (95% CI:3.67-6.11; P<0.05) and a moderate heterogeneity was shown (I2 = 40.8%). The results of meta-analysis were stable according to the sensitivity analysis. Similar outcome were shown in subgroup analysis that higher LNR was associated with poorer disease-free survival (DFS). Results from meta-regression indicated that a combination of 5 factors including country, treatment, type of thyroid cancer, year and whether studies control factors in design or analysis were the origin of heterogeneity. Conclusion Higher LNR was correlated to poorer disease free survival in thyroid cancer. LNR could be a potential prognostic indicator for thyroid cancer. More effort should be made to assess the potential of LNR to be included in the risk stratification systems for thyroid cancer. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=477135, identifier CRD42023477135.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Qi-Huang Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lishuo Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiuyang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Chen L, Tao G, Yang M. Machine-learning-based prediction of a diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes based on RNA sequencing for patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240896. [PMID: 38463514 PMCID: PMC10921443 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer and belongs to the category of malignant tumors of the thyroid gland. Autophagy plays an important role in PTC. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel diagnostic model using autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in patients. In this study, RNA sequencing data of PTC samples and normal samples were obtained from GSE33630 and GSE29265. Then, we analyzed GSE33630 datasets and identified 127 DE-ARGs. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that 127 DE-ARGs were mainly enriched in pathways in cancer, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, toll-like receptor pathway, MAPK pathway, apoptosis, neurotrophin signaling pathway, and regulation of autophagy. Subsequently, CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 among the 127 DE-ARGs were identified as diagnostic genes by support vector machine recursive feature elimination and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithms. Then, we developed a novel diagnostic model using CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 and its diagnostic value was confirmed in GSE29265 and our cohorts. Importantly, CALCOCO2 may be a critical regulator involved in immune microenvironment because its expression was related to many types of immune cells. Overall, we developed a novel diagnostic model using CALCOCO2, DAPK1, and RAC1 which can be used as diagnostic markers of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaofeng Tao
- Department of Medicine and Education, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, People’s Hospital of Chongqing Liang jiang New Area, Chongqing, China
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14
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Ballal S, Yadav MP, Roesch F, Satapathy S, Moon ES, Martin M, Wakade N, Sheokand P, Tripathi M, Chandekar KR, Agarwal S, Sahoo RK, Rastogi S, Bal C. Head-to-head comparison of [ 68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi with [ 18F]F-FDG PET/CT in radioiodine-resistant follicular-cell derived thyroid cancers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 51:233-244. [PMID: 37642703 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06404-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the context of radioiodine-resistant follicular-cell derived thyroid cancers (RAI-R-FCTC), [18F]F-FDG PET/CT serves as a widely used and valuable diagnostic imaging method. However, there is growing interest in utilizing molecular imaging probes that target cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as an alternative approach. This study sought to compare the diagnostic capabilities of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in patients with RAI-R-FCTC. METHODS In this retrospective study, a total of 117 patients with RAI-R-FCTC were included. The study population consisted of 68 females and 49 males, with a mean age of 53.2 ± 11.7 years. The aim of the study was to perform a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative assessment of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT scans in RAI-R-FCTC patients. The qualitative assessment involved comparing patient-based and lesion-based visual interpretations of both scans, while the quantitative assessment included analyzing standardized uptake values corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak and SULavg). The findings obtained from the scans were validated by correlating them with morphological findings from diagnostic computed tomography and/or histopathological examination. RESULTS Among the 117 RAI-R-FCTC patients, 60 had unilateral local disease, and 9 had bilateral lesions with complete concordance in the detection rate on both PET scans. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi had a higher detection rate for lymph nodes (95.4% vs 86.6%, p<0.0001), liver metastases (100% vs. 81.3%, p<0.0001), and brain metastases (100% vs. 39%, p<0.0001) compared to [18F]F-FDG. The detection rates for pleural and bone metastases were similar between the two radiotracers. For lung metastases, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi showed a detection rate of 81.7%, whereas [18F]F-FDG had a detection rate of 64.6%. Remarkably, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi was able to detect a bowel metastasis that was missed on [18F]F-FDG scan. The median standardized uptake values (SUL) were generally comparable between the two radiotracers, except for brain metastases (SULpeak [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi vs. [18F]F-FDG: 13.9 vs. 6.7, p-0.0001) and muscle metastases (SULpeak [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi vs. [18F]F-FDG: 9.56 vs. 5.62, p-0.0085), where [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi exhibited higher uptake. CONCLUSION The study results demonstrate the superior performance of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi compared to [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in detecting lymph nodal, liver, bowel, and brain metastases in patients with RAI-R-FCTC. These findings highlight the potential of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA.SA.FAPi as a theranostic tool that can complement the benefits of [18F]F-FDG PET/CT in the imaging of RAI-R-FCTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Ballal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhav P Yadav
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Frank Roesch
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Swayamjeet Satapathy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Euy Sung Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicky Wakade
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Parvind Sheokand
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Madhavi Tripathi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kunal R Chandekar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shipra Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Rastogi
- Department of Medical Oncology, BR Ambedkar Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandrasekhar Bal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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15
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Hu C, Xu Y, Wang M, Cui S, Zhang H, Lu L. Bisphenol analogues induce thyroid dysfunction via the disruption of the thyroid hormone synthesis pathway. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165711. [PMID: 37487893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol analogues are widely used in industrial and daily-use consumer products having imperfect thyroid hormones (THs) structures. Widespread exposure interferes with thyroid-related health outcomes in human. The mechanisms of disruption on TH synthesis and subsequent thyroid dysfunction by different bisphenol analogues remain unclear. Here, we evaluated bisphenol-induced thyroid endocrine disruption in C57BL/6 mice at doses of 0.002, 0.02, 2, and 20 mg/kg body weight/day (BW/d) for five consecutive weeks. Administration of 20 mg/kg BW/d bisphenol S (BPS) and 2 mg/kg BW/d tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) significantly increased serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels to 1.21-fold and 1.20-fold of control group, respectively, indicating that bisphenols induced thyroid dysfunction in mice. Height of the thyroid follicle epithelium significantly increased to 1.27-, 1.24-, 1.26-, and 1.36-fold compared to control group with BPA, BPS, TBBPA, and TBBPS at 20 mg/kg BW/d, respectively, indicating impairment of the thyroid gland structure, and TBBPS showed potent effect. Exposure to bisphenol analogues of 0.02 mg/kg BW/d downregulated the protein expression levels of thyrotropin receptor, the sodium/iodide symporter, thyroperoxidase. The TH-dependent effects were further determined using the T-Screen assay at 10-11 M to 10-5 M concentrations. Bisphenol analogues significantly decreased TH-dependent GH3 cell proliferation, indicating the antagonistic activity of bisphenol analogues. The gene responsible for THs synthesis of thyrotropin releasing hormone receptor and TSH were upregulated, but downregulation of thyroid receptor β was observed. Our results suggest that bisphenol analogues distinctly induce thyroid dysfunction via TH synthesis, implying adverse effect of bisphenol analogues on TH homeostasis and subsequent physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China; School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yeqing Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mingmin Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- School of Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Hangzhou International Urbanology Research Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Liping Lu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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16
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Liu Y, Song Y, He Y, Kong Z, Li H, Zhu Y, Liu S. Kruppel-like factor 13 acts as a tumor suppressor in thyroid carcinoma by downregulating IFIT1. Biol Direct 2023; 18:65. [PMID: 37817224 PMCID: PMC10565980 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kruppel-like factor 13 (KLF13) is a transcription factor and plays an important role in carcinogenesis. However, the significance of KLF13 in thyroid carcinoma (THCA) is underdetermined. In this study, we aimed to explore the clinical relevance and function of KLF13 in the progress of THCA. METHODS The expression of KLF13 in thyroid carcinoma and normal tissue was investigated by qPCR and IHC assay. The expression of KLF13 and IFIT1 in cell samples was investigated with Western blot assay. Cell proliferation ability was detected with CCK8 and colony formation assay. Cell growth in vivo with or without KLF13 overexpression was evaluated on a xenograft model. Cell migration ability was measured with Transwell assay. Cell cycle was detected with flow cytometer. The downstream genes of KLF13 were screened using RNA-seq assay. Luciferase activity was employed to assess the transcriptional regulation of KLF13 on IFIT1 promoter. RESULTS KLF13 expression was downregulated in THCA samples. KLF13 knockdown and overexpression promoted and inhibited the proliferation and migration of THCA cells, respectively. The RNA-seq, RT-qPCR and immunoblotting data showed that KLF13 knockdown significantly potentiated IFIT1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels. Luciferase assays showed that KLF13 suppressed the transcription activity of IFIT1 promoter. Besides, IFIT1 upregulation was critical for the proliferation and migration of THCA cell lines. Lastly, silencing of IFIT1 greatly reversed the proliferation and migration induced by KLF13 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, KLF13 may function as an anti-tumor protein in THCA by regulating the expression of IFIT1 and offer a theoretical foundation for treating thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Song
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin He
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziren Kong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiming Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyan Liu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17, Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Bertol BC, Massaro JD, Debortoli G, Santos ALP, de Araújo JNG, Giorgenon TMV, Costa e Silva M, de Figueiredo-Feitosa NL, Collares CVA, de Freitas LCC, Soares EG, Neder L, Silbiger VN, Calado RT, Maciel LMZ, Donadi EA. BRAF, TERT and HLA-G Status in the Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Association Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12459. [PMID: 37569841 PMCID: PMC10419559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As BRAF, TERT, HLA-G, and microRNAs have been individually associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), we aimed to evaluate the individual and collaborative role of these markers in PTC in the same patient cohort. HLA-G and BRAF tumor expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Using molecular methods, BRAFV600E and TERT promoter mutations were evaluated in thyroid fine needle aspirates. MicroRNA tumor profiling was investigated using massively parallel sequencing. We observed strong HLA-G (67.96%) while BRAF (62.43%) staining was observed in PTC specimens. BRAF overexpression was associated with poor response to therapy. The BRAFV600E (52.9%) and TERTC228T (13%) mutations were associated with extrathyroidal extension, advanced-age, and advanced-stage cancer. The TERT rs2853669 CC+TC genotypes (38%) were overrepresented in metastatic tumors. Nine modulated microRNAs targeting the BRAF, TERT, and/or HLA-G genes were observed in PTC and involved with cancer-related signaling pathways. The markers were individually associated with PTC features, emphasizing the synergistic effect of BRAFV600E and TERTC228T; however, their collaborative role on PTC outcome was not fully demonstrated. The differentially expressed miRNAs targeting the BRAF and/or HLA-G genes may explain their increased expression in the tumor milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C. Bertol
- Postgraduate Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Juliana D. Massaro
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (J.D.M.); (M.C.e.S.); (C.V.A.C.)
| | - Guilherme Debortoli
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada;
| | - André L. P. Santos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.L.P.S.); (R.T.C.)
| | - Jéssica N. G. de Araújo
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.N.G.d.A.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Tatiana M. V. Giorgenon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (T.M.V.G.); (N.L.d.F.-F.); (L.M.Z.M.)
| | - Matheus Costa e Silva
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (J.D.M.); (M.C.e.S.); (C.V.A.C.)
| | - Nathalie L. de Figueiredo-Feitosa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (T.M.V.G.); (N.L.d.F.-F.); (L.M.Z.M.)
| | - Cristhianna V. A. Collares
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (J.D.M.); (M.C.e.S.); (C.V.A.C.)
| | - Luiz Carlos C. de Freitas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil;
| | - Edson G. Soares
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.G.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (E.G.S.); (L.N.)
| | - Vivian N. Silbiger
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (J.N.G.d.A.); (V.N.S.)
| | - Rodrigo T. Calado
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (A.L.P.S.); (R.T.C.)
| | - Léa M. Z. Maciel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (T.M.V.G.); (N.L.d.F.-F.); (L.M.Z.M.)
| | - Eduardo A. Donadi
- Postgraduate Program of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil; (J.D.M.); (M.C.e.S.); (C.V.A.C.)
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Kościuszko M, Buczyńska A, Krętowski AJ, Popławska-Kita A. Could Oxidative Stress Play a Role in the Development and Clinical Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3182. [PMID: 37370792 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a relevant risk factor for cancer progression. Furthermore, patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) have been characterized by an increased OS status. Therefore, assessing OS status could potentially be considered a useful tool in DTC clinical management. This measurement could be particularly valuable in personalizing treatment protocols and determining new potential medical targets to improve commonly used therapies. A literature review was conducted to gather new information on DTC clinical management, with a particular focus on evaluating the clinical utility of OS. These meta-analyses concentrate on novel approaches that employ the measurement of oxidative-antioxidant status, which could represent the most promising area for implementing clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kościuszko
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Angelika Buczyńska
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Jacek Krętowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
- Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Popławska-Kita
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland
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Limberg J, Egan CE, Gray KD, Singh M, Loewenstein Z, Yang Y, Riascos MC, Al Asadi H, Safe P, El Eshaky S, Liang H, Ullmann TM, Wang W, Li W, Zhang T, Xiang J, Stefanova D, Jin MM, Zarnegar R, Fahey TJ, Min IM. Activation of the JAK/STAT Pathway Leads to BRAF Inhibitor Resistance in BRAFV600E Positive Thyroid Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:397-410. [PMID: 36790391 PMCID: PMC10159921 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A subset of thyroid cancers, recurrent differentiated thyroid cancers and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), are difficult to treat by thyroidectomy and systemic therapy. A common mutation in thyroid cancer, BRAFV600E, has targetable treatment options; however, the results have been disappointing in thyroid cancers compared with BRAFV600E melanoma, as thyroid cancers quickly become resistant to BRAFV600E inhibitor (BRAFi). Here, we studied the molecular pathway that is induced in BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cells and patient-derived tumor samples in response to BRAFi, vemurafenib, using RNA-sequencing and molecular analysis. Both inducible response to BRAFi and acquired BRAFi resistance in BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cells showed significant activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Functional analyses revealed that the combination of BRAFi and inhibitors of JAK/STAT pathway controlled BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cell growth. The Cancer Genome Atlas data analysis demonstrated that potent activation of the JAK/STAT signaling was associated with shorter recurrence rate in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Analysis of tumor RNA expression in patients with poorly differentiated thyroid cancer and ATC also support that enhanced activity of JAK/STAT signaling pathway is correlated with worse prognosis. Our study demonstrates that JAK/STAT pathway is activated as BRAFV600E thyroid cancer cells develop resistance to BRAFi and that this pathway is a potential target for anticancer activity and to overcome drug resistance that commonly develops to treatment with BRAFi in thyroid cancer. IMPLICATIONS Dual inhibition of BRAF and JAK/STAT signaling pathway is a potential therapeutic treatment for anticancer activity and to overcome drug resistance to BRAFi in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Limberg
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Caitlin E. Egan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Mandeep Singh
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Hala Al Asadi
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Parima Safe
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Steve El Eshaky
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Heng Liang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Weibin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomics Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jenny Xiang
- Genomics Resource Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Moonsoo M. Jin
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Rasa Zarnegar
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Thomas J. Fahey
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
| | - Irene M. Min
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065
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20
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Wei W, Wu Y, Chen DD, Song Y, Xu G, Shi Q, Dong XP. Proteomics profiling for the global and acetylated proteins of papillary thyroid cancers. Proteome Sci 2023; 21:6. [PMID: 37101287 PMCID: PMC10131382 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-023-00207-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy cancer among the malignancies of thyroid. Despite of wide usages of proteomics in PTC, the profile of acetylated proteins in PTC remains unsettled, which is helpful for understanding the carcinogenesis mechanism and identifying useful biomarkers for PTC. METHODS The surgically removed specimens of cancer tissues (Ca-T) and adjacent normal tissues (Ca-N) from 10 female patients pathological diagnosed as PTC (TNM stage III) were enrolled in the study. After preparing the pooled extracts of the whole proteins and the acetylated proteins from 10 cases, TMT labeling and LC/MS/MS methods were applied to the assays of global proteomics and acetylated proteomics separately. Bioinformatics analysis, including KEGG, gene ontology (GO) and hierarchical clustering were performed. Some differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and differentially expressed acetylated proteins (DEAPs) were validated by individual Western blots. RESULTS Controlled with the normal tissues adjacent to the lesions, 147 out of 1923 identified proteins in tumor tissues were considered as DEPs in global proteomics, including 78 up-regulated and 69 down-regulated ones, while 57 out of 311 identified acetylated proteins in tumor tissues were DEAPs in acetylated proteomics, including 32 up-regulated and 25 down-regulated, respectively. The top 3 up- and down-regulated DEPs were fibronectin 1, KRT1B protein and chitinase-3-like protein 1, as well as keratin, type I cytoskeletal 16, A-gamma globin Osilo variant and Huntingtin interacting protein-1. The top 3 up- and down-regulated DEAPs were ribosomal protein L18a-like protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 2 and eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit ERF3A, as well as trefoil factor 3, thyroglobulin and histone H2B. Functional GO annotation and KEGG pathway analysis based on the DEPs and DEAPs showed completely different changing pictures. Contrary to the top 10 up- and -down regulated DEPs, most of which were addressed in PTC and other types of carcinomas, changes of the majority DEAPs were not mentioned in the literatures. CONCLUSIONS Taken the profiling of the global and acetylated proteomics together will provide more broad view of protein alterations on the carcinogenesis and new direction for selecting biomarker for diagnosis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Head and Neck Surgery Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yuezhang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dong-Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yuntao Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Head and Neck Surgery Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Guohui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Head and Neck Surgery Department, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Xiao-Ping Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (Zhejiang University), National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chang-Bai Rd 155, Beijing, 102206, China.
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21
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Zhao F, Zhu S, Fang J, Dong H, Zhu C. Correlation of DNA methylation and lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Head Neck 2023. [PMID: 37097909 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer with a primarily good prognosis, and its 10-year survival rate is over 90%. However, PTC is prone to early lymph node metastasis. METHODS Thyroid cancer tissues from PTC patients with lymphatic metastasis and normal tissues were collected for DNA methylation analysis. Different methylation sites, different methylation regions, gene-enriched pathways, and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) were analyzed. RESULTS There were 1004 differentially methylated sites in the PTC group versus the control group; these involved 479 hypermethylated sites in 415 related genes, 525 hypomethylated sites in 482 related genes, 64 differentially methylated regions located in the CpG island region, 34 differentially methylated genes closely related to thyroid cancer, and 17 genes with differentially methylated genes in the DNA promoter region. CONCLUSION NDRG4 hypermethylation and FOXO3, ZEB2, and CDK6 hypomethylation were associated with PTC lymph node metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyi Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huilei Dong
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenfang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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22
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Jasmine F, Aschebrook-Kilfoy B, Rahman MM, Zaagman G, Grogan RH, Kamal M, Ahsan H, Kibriya MG. Association of DNA Promoter Methylation and BRAF Mutation in Thyroid Cancer. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:2978-2996. [PMID: 36975440 PMCID: PMC10047424 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The BRAF V600E mutation and DNA promoter methylation play important roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). However, the association of these genetic and epigenetic alterations is not clear. In this study, using paired tumor and surrounding normal tissue from the same patients, on a genome-wide scale we tried to identify (a) any association between BRAF mutation and DNA promoter methylation, and (b) if the molecular findings may provide a basis for therapeutic intervention. We included 40 patients with TC (female = 28, male = 12) without distant metastasis. BRAF mutation was present in 18 cases. We identified groups of differentially methylated loci (DML) that are found in (a) both BRAF mutant and wild type, (b) only in BRAF mutant tumors, and (c) only in BRAF wild type. BRAF mutation-specific promoter loci were more frequently hypomethylated, whereas BRAF wild-type-specific loci were more frequently hypermethylated. Common DML were enriched in cancer-related pathways, including the mismatch repair pathway and Wnt-signaling pathway. Wild-type-specific DML were enriched in RAS signaling. Methylation status of checkpoint signaling genes, as well as the T-cell inflamed genes, indicated an opportunity for the potential use of PDL1 inhibitors in BRAF mutant TC. Our study shows an association between BRAF mutation and methylation in TC that may have biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Jasmine
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Garrett Zaagman
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Raymon H. Grogan
- Department of Surgery, Baylor St. Luke’s Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mohammed Kamal
- Department of Pathology, The Laboratory, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Habibul Ahsan
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Muhammad G. Kibriya
- Institute for Population and Precision Health, Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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23
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Liu L, Jia C, Li G, Shi Q, Du L, Wu R. Nomogram incorporating preoperative clinical and ultrasound indicators to predict aggressiveness of solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1009958. [PMID: 36798828 PMCID: PMC9927212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1009958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct a nomogram based on preoperative clinical and ultrasound indicators to predict aggressiveness of solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods Preoperative clinical and ultrasound data from 709 patients diagnosed with solitary PTC between January 2017 and December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with PTC aggressiveness, and these factors were used to construct a predictive nomogram. The nomogram's performance was evaluated in the primary and validation cohorts. Results The 709 patients were separated into a primary cohort (n = 424) and a validation cohort (n = 285). Univariate analysis in the primary cohort showed 13 variables to be associated with aggressive PTC. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the independent predictors of aggressive behavior were age (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.30-3.35), tumor size (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.17-7.37), capsule abutment (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.50-4.26), and suspected cervical lymph nodes metastasis (OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20-5.21). The nomogram incorporating these four predictors showed good discrimination and calibration in both the primary cohort (area under the curve, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.81; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.967 and the validation cohort (area under the curve, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78; Hosmer-Lemeshow test, P = 0.251). Conclusion The proposed nomogram shows good ability to predict PTC aggressiveness and could be useful during treatment decision making. Advances in knowledge Our nomogram-based on four indicators-provides comprehensive assessment of aggressive behavior of PTC and could be a useful tool in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiusheng Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Rong Wu,
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Curcumin Induces Ferroptosis in Follicular Thyroid Cancer by Upregulating HO-1 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:6896790. [PMID: 36691638 PMCID: PMC9867595 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6896790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is a highly aggressive type of endocrine malignancy. It is necessary to investigate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and therapeutic pathways in patients with FTC. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can regulate oxidative stress and the occurrence of tumors and diseases. In this study, we discovered that HO-1 was abnormally overexpressed in FTC compared with adjacent tissues. However, the HO-1 overexpression was demonstrated to decrease cell viability and to potentially activate the ferroptosis signalling pathway. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of oxidative cell death and is currently being targeted as a new cancer treatment. Tumorigenesis is significantly inhibited by curcumin. The present study shows that curcumin inhibits the growth of FTC by increasing the HO-1 expression, further activating the ferroptosis pathway. This study demonstrates that the HO-1-ferroptosis signalling pathway might play an important role in FTC tumorigenesis, and that curcumin inhibits the growth of FTC cells by affecting this pathway.
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25
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Chen H, Peng F, Xu J, Wang G, Zhao Y. Increased expression of GPX4 promotes the tumorigenesis of thyroid cancer by inhibiting ferroptosis and predicts poor clinical outcomes. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:230-245. [PMID: 36626251 PMCID: PMC9876627 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis plays a critical role in suppressing cancer progression, and its essential regulator is glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). High GPX4 expression can inhibit accumulation of iron, thus suppressing ferroptosis. However, its function in thyroid cancer has not been fully illuminated. Here, we explore the effect of GPX4 on thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and prognosis. METHODS Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, GPX4 expression was investigated in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. We determined the biological functions of GPX4-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by using the "clusterProfiler" R package. In addition, the predictive value of GPX4 in thyroid cancer was assessed by using Cox regression analysis and nomograms. Finally, we conducted several in vitro experiments to determine the influence of GPX4 expression on proliferation and ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. RESULTS GPX4 expression was obviously elevated in thyroid cancer tissues compared with normal tissues. Biological function analysis indicated enrichment in muscle contraction, contractile fiber, metal ion transmembrane transporter activity, and complement and coagulation cascades. GPX4 overexpression was associated with stage T3-T4 and pathologic stage III-IV in thyroid cancer patients. Cox regression analysis indicated that GPX4 may be a risk factor for the overall survival of thyroid cancer patients. In vitro research showed that knockdown of GPX4 suppressed proliferation and induced ferroptosis in thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS GPX4 overexpression in thyroid cancer might play an essential role in tumorigenesis and may have prognostic value for thyroid cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanjie Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Peng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
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Li HJ, Yang YP, Liang X, Zhang Z, Xu XH. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of three ultrasound thyroid nodule risk stratification systems for follicular thyroid neoplasm: K-TIRADS, ACR -TIRADS and C-TIRADS. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2023; 85:395-406. [PMID: 37694360 DOI: 10.3233/ch-231898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the diagnostic performance of the currently used ultrasound-based thyroid nodule risk stratification systems (K-TIRADS, ACR -TIRADS, and C-TIRADS) in differentiating follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). METHODS Clinical data and preoperative ultrasonographic images of 269 follicular thyroid neoplasms were retrospectively analyzed. All of them were detected by Color Doppler ultrasound instruments equipped with high-frequency liner array probes (e.g. Toshiba Apoli500 with L5-14MHZ; Philips IU22 with L5-12MHZ; GE LOGIQ E9 with L9-12MHZ and MyLab Class C with L9-14MHZ). The diagnostic performance of three TIRADS classifications for differentiating FTA from FTC was evaluated by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and calculating the cut-off values. RESULTS Of the 269 follicular neoplasms (mean size, 3.67±1.53 cm), 209 were FTAs (mean size, 3.56±1.38 cm) and 60 were FTCs (mean size, 4.07±1.93 cm). There were significant differences in ultrasound features such as margins, calcifications, and vascularity of thyroid nodules between the FTA and FTC groups (P < 0.05). According to the ROC curve comparison analysis, the diagnostic cut-off values of K-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS, and C-TIRADS for identifying FTA and FTC were K-TR4, ACR-TR4, and C-TR4B, respectively, and the areas under the curves were 0.676, 0.728, and 0.719, respectively. The difference between ACR-TIRADS and K-TIRADS classification was statistically significant (P = 0.0241), whereas the differences between ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS classification and between K-TIRADS and C-TIRADS classification were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The three TIRADS classifications were not conducive to distinguishing FTA from FTC. It is necessary to develop a novel malignant risk stratification system specifically for the identification of follicular thyroid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Juan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Mammary Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Dralle H, Weber F, Machens A, Brandenburg T, Schmid KW, Führer-Sakel D. [Hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer? : Surgical criteria for primary and secondary choice of treatment in an interdisciplinary treatment concept]. CHIRURGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 94:79-92. [PMID: 36121448 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-022-01726-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The increase in small intrathyroid papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) observed worldwide over the past two decades, with no increase in cancer-specific mortality, has challenged the previous concept of total thyroidectomy as a one-size-fits-all panacea. After exclusion of papillary microcarcinomas, a systematic review of 20 clinical studies published since 2002, which compared hemithyroidectomy (HT) to total thyroidectomy (TT), found comparable long-term oncological outcomes for low-risk papillary thyroid cancer (LRPTC) 1-4 cm in diameter, whereas postoperative complication rates were markedly lower for HT. To refine individual treatment plans, HT should be combined with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection and intraoperative frozen section analysis for staging. Based on recent evidence from studies and in consideration of individual risk factors, patients with LRPTC can be offered the concept of HT as an alternative to the standard TT. A prerequisite for the treatment selection and decision is a comprehensive patient clarification of the possible advantages and disadvantages of both approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Dralle
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Sektion Endokrine Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - F Weber
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Sektion Endokrine Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - A Machens
- Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Sektion Endokrine Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - T Brandenburg
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - K W Schmid
- Institut für Pathologie, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
| | - D Führer-Sakel
- Klinik für Endokrinologie, Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel, Universitätsmedizin Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland
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Kamrul-Hasan ABM. Coexistent papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with graves' disease. BANGLADESH JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/bjem.bjem_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu SJ, Tan L, Ruan JL, Qiu Y, Hao SY, Yang HY, Luo BM. ACR TI-RADS classification combined with number of nodules, halo features optimizes diagnosis and prediction of follicular thyroid cancer. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022; 82:323-334. [PMID: 36093690 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the application value of The American College of Radiology (ACR) Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) category combined with other ultrasound features of nodules in distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from thyroid follicular adenoma (FTA). METHODS We collected and retrospectively analyzed clinical and ultrasound data for 118 and 459 patients with FTCs and FTAs, respectively, at our hospital. Next, we used ACR TI-RADS classification combined with other ultrasound features of nodules to distinguish FTC from FTA. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to screen independent risk factors for FTC, which were subsequently used to construct a nomogram for predicting FTC. RESULTS ACR TI-RADS categories 4 and 5, unilateral multiple nodules, and halo thickness≥2 mm were independent risk factors for FTC. ACR TI-RADS category combined with number of nodules, halo features of the nodule was a significantly better prediction model for FTC diagnosis (AUC = 0.869) than that of ACR TI-RADS classification alone (AUC = 0.756). CONCLUTIONS Clinicians need to pay attention to the halo of nodules when distinguishing FTA from FTC. Notably, ACR TI-RADS combined with other nodule ultrasound features has superior predictive performance in diagnosis of FTC compared to ACR TI-RADS classification alone, thus can provide an important reference value for preoperative diagnosis of FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ji Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Ultrasound, the First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, No. 120 Yingbin Avenue, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jing-Liang Ruan
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ya Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Radiology, the First People's Hospital of Kashi Prefecture, No. 120 YingbinAvenue, Kashi, Xinjiang 844000, China
| | - Shao-Yun Hao
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Hai-Yun Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Bao-Ming Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 107 Yanjiang Road West, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Kruger E, Toraih EA, Hussein MH, Shehata SA, Waheed A, Fawzy MS, Kandil E. Thyroid Carcinoma: A Review for 25 Years of Environmental Risk Factors Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246172. [PMID: 36551665 PMCID: PMC9777404 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors are established contributors to thyroid carcinomas. Due to their known ability to cause cancer, exposure to several organic and inorganic chemical toxicants and radiation from nuclear weapons, fallout, or medical radiation poses a threat to global public health. Halogenated substances like organochlorines and pesticides can interfere with thyroid function. Like phthalates and bisphenolates, polychlorinated biphenyls and their metabolites, along with polybrominated diethyl ethers, impact thyroid hormones biosynthesis, transport, binding to target organs, and impair thyroid function. A deeper understanding of environmental exposure is crucial for managing and preventing thyroid cancer. This review aims to investigate the relationship between environmental factors and the development of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Kruger
- School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eman A. Toraih
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Mohammad H. Hussein
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shaimaa A. Shehata
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amani Waheed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Manal S. Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (E.A.T.); (M.S.F.)
| | - Emad Kandil
- Division of Endocrine and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Yang J, Sun Y, Li X, Zhao Y, Han X, Chen G, Ding W, Li R, Wang J, Xiao F, Liu C, Xu S. Diagnostic performance of six ultrasound-based risk stratification systems in thyroid follicular neoplasm: A retrospective multi-center study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1013410. [PMID: 36338713 PMCID: PMC9632336 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1013410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of six commonly used ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for distinguishing follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA) from follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), including the American Thyroid Association Sonographic Pattern System (ATASPS), ultrasound classification systems proposed by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinology (AACE/ACE/AME), Korean thyroid imaging reporting and data system (K-TIRADS), European Thyroid Association for the imaging reporting and data system (EU-TIRADS), American College of Radiology for the imaging reporting and data system (ACR-TIRADS), and 2020 Chinese Guidelines for Ultrasound Malignancy Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules (C-TIRADS). A total of 225 FTA or FTC patients were retrospectively analyzed, involving 251 thyroid nodules diagnosed by postoperative pathological examinations in three centers from January 2013 to October 2021. The diagnostic performances of six ultrasound-based risk stratification systems for distinguishing FTA from FTC were assessed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and compared at different cut-off values. A total of 205 (81.67%) cases of FTA and 46 (18.33%) cases of FTC were involved in the present study. Compared with those of FTA, FTC presented more typical ultrasound features of solid component, hypoechoic, irregular margin and sonographic halo (all P<0.001). There were no significant differences in ultrasound features of calcification, shape and comet-tail artifacts between cases of FTA and FTC. There was a significant difference in the category of thyroid nodules assessed by the six ultrasound-based risk stratification systems (P<0.001). The areas under the curve (AUCs) of ATASPS, AACE/ACE/AME, K-TIRADS, EU-TIRADS, ACR-TIRADS and C-TIRADS in distinguishing FTA from FTC were 0.645, 0.729, 0.766, 0.635, 0.783 and 0.798, respectively. Our study demonstrated that all the six ultrasound-based risk stratification systems present potential in the differential diagnosis of FTA and FTC. Specifically, C-TIRADS exerts the best diagnostic performance among the Chinese patients. ATASPS possesses a high sensitivity, while K-TIRADS possesses a high specificity in distinguishing FTA from FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yang
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Xingjia Li
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yueting Zhao
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Han
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Chen
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbo Ding
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiping Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangsen Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhang Xu, ; Fangsen Xiao,
| | - Chao Liu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome and Treatment of Yingbing of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuhang Xu
- Endocrine and Diabetes Center, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhang Xu, ; Fangsen Xiao,
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Zarkesh M, Arab N, Abooshahab R, Heydarzadeh S, Sheikholeslami S, Nozhat Z, Salehi Jahromi M, Fanaei SA, Hedayati M. CpG island status as an epigenetic alteration for NIS promoter in thyroid neoplasms; a cross-sectional study with a systematic review. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:310. [PMID: 36221112 PMCID: PMC9555109 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene silence via methylation of the CpG islands is cancer's most common epigenetic modification. Given the highly significant role of NIS in thyroid cancer (TC) differentiation, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the DNA methylation pattern in seven CpG islands (CpG1-7 including +846, +918, +929, +947, +953, +955, and +963, respectively) of the NIS promoter in patients diagnosed with papillary (PTC), follicular (FTC), and multinodular goiter (MNG). Additionally, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to compare our results with studies concerning methylation of the NIS gene promoter. METHODS Thyroid specimens from 64 patients met the eligibility criteria, consisting of 28 PTC, 9 FTC, and 27 benign MNG cases. The mRNA of NIS was tested by qRT-PCR. The bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) technique was performed to evaluate the promoter methylation pattern of the NIS gene. Sequencing results were received in chromatograph, FASTA, SEQ, and pdf formats and were analyzed using Chromas. The methylation percentage at each position and for each sample was calculated by mC/(mC+C) formula for all examined CpGs; following that, the methylation percentage was also calculated at each CpG site. Besides, a literature search was conducted without restricting publication dates. Nine studies met the eligibility criteria after removing duplicates, unrelated articles, and reviews. RESULTS NIS mRNA levels decreased in tumoral tissues of PTC (P = 0.04) and FTC (P = 0.03) patients compared to their matched non-tumoral ones. The methylation of NIS promoter was not common in PTC samples, but it was frequent in FTC (P < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in the methylation levels in the 4th(+ 947), 6th(+ 955), and 7th(+ 963) CpGs sites in the forward strand of NIS promoter between FTC and MNG tissues (76.34 ± 3.12 vs 40.43 ± 8.42, P = 0.004, 69.63 ± 3.03 vs 23.29 ± 6.84, P = 0.001 and 50.33 ± 5.65 vs 24 ± 6.89, P = 0.030, respectively). There was no significant correlation between the expression and methylation status of NIS in PTC and FTC tissues. CONCLUSION Perturbation in NIS promoter's methylation individually may have a potential utility in differentiating MNG and FTC tissues. The absence of a distinct methylation pattern implies the importance of other epigenetic processes, which may alter the production of NIS mRNA. In addition, according to the reversibility of DNA methylation, it is anticipated that the design of particular targeted demethylation medicines will lead to a novel cancer therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noman Arab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shabnam Heydarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sheikholeslami
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nozhat
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Marziyeh Salehi Jahromi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | | | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, PO Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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Kakun RR, Melamed Z, Perets R. PAX8 in the Junction between Development and Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137410. [PMID: 35806410 PMCID: PMC9266416 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal processes of embryonic development and abnormal transformation to cancer have many parallels, and in fact many aberrant cancer cell capabilities are embryonic traits restored in a distorted, unorganized way. Some of these capabilities are cell autonomous, such as proliferation and resisting apoptosis, while others involve a complex interplay with other cells that drives significant changes in neighboring cells. The correlation between embryonic development and cancer is driven by shared proteins. Some embryonic proteins disappear after embryogenesis in adult differentiated cells and are restored in cancer, while others are retained in adult cells, acquiring new functions upon transformation to cancer. Many embryonic factors embraced by cancer cells are transcription factors; some are master regulators that play a major role in determining cell fate. The paired box (PAX) domain family of developmental transcription factors includes nine members involved in differentiation of various organs. All paired box domain proteins are involved in different cancer types carrying pro-tumorigenic or anti-tumorigenic roles. This review focuses on PAX8, a master regulator of transcription in embryonic development of the thyroid, kidney, and male and female genital tracts. We detail the role of PAX8 in each of these organ systems, describe its role during development and in the adult if known, and highlight its pro-tumorigenic role in cancers that emerge from PAX8 expressing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reli Rachel Kakun
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Zohar Melamed
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
| | - Ruth Perets
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
- Division of Oncology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel;
- Correspondence:
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Rajabi S, Alix-Panabières C, Alaei AS, Abooshahab R, Shakib H, Ashrafi MR. Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224–Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290–University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | | | - Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
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Yamazaki H, Katoh R, Sugino K, Matsuzu K, Masaki C, Akaishi J, Hames KY, Tomoda C, Suzuki A, Ohkuwa K, Kitagawa W, Nagahama M, Rino Y, Ito K. Encapsulated Angioinvasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: Prognostic Impact of the Extent of Vascular Invasion. Ann Surg Oncol 2022; 29:10.1245/s10434-022-11401-x. [PMID: 35169976 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-022-11401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported an association between four or more foci of vascular invasion (VI) and thyroid cancer prognosis, while the current study aimed to investigate the association between extent of VI and outcome of encapsulated angioinvasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC). METHODS The records of 303 patients with encapsulated angioinvasive FTC confirmed by surgical specimens at Ito Hospital from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen patients had distant metastasis at diagnosis and were classified as M1. RESULTS Among the 290 patients with M0 encapsulated angioinvasive FTC, the 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 85.6%. Those with a VI of 1 (n = 131) or ≥ 2 (n = 159) had a 10-year DFS rate of 94.9% and 77.9% (p < 0.001), respectively, and those with a VI of 1-3 (n = 211) or ≥ 4 (n = 79) had a 10-year DFS rate of 86.3% and 83.3% (p = 0.311), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified age ≥ 55 years (p = 0.031) and VI ≥ 2 (p = 0.002) as independent negative prognostic factors for DFS. Patients with M0 encapsulated angioinvasive FTC aged ≥ 55 years and VI ≥ 2 had significantly poorer prognosis and a 10-year DFS rate of 66.4% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with encapsulated angioinvasive FTC who had two or more foci of VI, especially patients aged ≥ 55 years, should be carefully followed-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohei Katoh
- Department of Pathology, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiminori Sugino
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Matsuzu
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Masaki
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Akaishi
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Chisato Tomoda
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Suzuki
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohkuwa
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Rino
- Department of Surgery, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Ito
- Department of Surgery, Ito Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Tan H, Wang L, Liu Z. Role of Suprabasin in the Dedifferentiation of Follicular Epithelial Cell-Derived Thyroid Cancer and Identification of Related Immune Markers. Front Genet 2022; 13:810681. [PMID: 35222534 PMCID: PMC8865917 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.810681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aberrant regulation of suprabasin (SBSN) is associated with the development of cancer and immune disorders. SBSN influences tumor cell migration, proliferation, angiogenesis, and immune resistance. In this study, we investigated the potential correlation between SBSN expression and immune infiltration in thyroid cancer. Methods: The expression of SBSN in 80 papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) specimens was determined using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The expression of SBSN in 9 cases of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and 18 cases of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of SBSN expression was performed using The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets, and the relationship of SBSN expression with M2 macrophages and T regulatory cells (Tregs) in ATC and PTC was verified by immunohistochemical staining. Results: Compared with those in adjacent normal tissues, the expression levels of SBSN mRNA and protein were significantly higher in PTC tissues. SBSN expression level was correlated with that of cervical lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Immunohistochemical staining results showed statistically significant differences among high-positive expression rates of SBSN in PTC, PDTC, and ATC. Functional enrichment analysis showed that SBSN expression was associated with pathways related to cancer, cell signaling, and immune response. Furthermore, analysis of the tumor microenvironment (using CIBERSORT-ABS and xCell algorithms) showed that SBSN expression affected immune cell infiltration and the cancer immunity cycle, and immunohistochemistry confirmed a significant increase in M2 macrophage and Treg infiltration in tumor tissues with high-positive SBSN expression. Conclusion: These findings reveal that SBSN may be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis, tumor dedifferentiation progression, and immunosuppression as an important regulator of tumor immune cell infiltration.
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Fuziwara CS, de Mello DC, Kimura ET. Gene Editing with CRISPR/Cas Methodology and Thyroid Cancer: Where Are We? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030844. [PMID: 35159110 PMCID: PMC8834610 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The advent of genomic editing with CRISPR/Cas9 has transformed the way we manipulate the genome, and has facilitated the investigation of tumor cell biology in vitro and in vivo. Not only we can modify genome sequence to blunt an overactivated gene or correct a mutation, but also we may modulate gene expression using CRISPR/Cas system. In this review, we present the basics of CRISPR/Cas methodology, its components and how to start a CRISPR/Cas experiment; Moreover, we present how CRISPR/Cas methodology has been applied to study the function of coding and noncoding genes in thyroid cancer and provided insights into cancer biology. Abstract Important advances on the role of genetic alterations in thyroid cancer have been achieved in the last two decades. One key reason is linked to the development of technical approaches that allowed for the mimicking of genetic alterations in vitro and in vivo and, more recently, the gene editing methodology. The CRISPR/Cas methodology has emerged as a tangible tool for editing virtually any DNA sequence in the genome. To induce a double-strand break and programmable gene editing, Cas9 endonuclease is guided by a single-guide RNA (sgRNA) that is complementary to the target sequence in DNA. The gene editing per se occurs as the cells repair the broken DNA and may erroneously change the original DNA sequence. In this review, we explore the principles of the CRISPR/Cas system to facilitate an understanding of the mainstream technique and its applications in gene editing. Furthermore, we explored new applications of CRISPR/Cas for gene modulation without changing the DNA sequence and provided a Dry Lab experience for those who are interested in starting “CRISPRing” any given gene. In the last section, we will discuss the progress in the knowledge of thyroid cancer biology fostered by the CRISPR/Cas gene editing tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Claro de Mello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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Schoultz E, Johansson E, Moccia C, Jakubikova I, Ravi N, Liang S, Carlsson T, Montelius M, Patyra K, Kero J, Paulsson K, Fagman H, Bergo MO, Nilsson M. Tissue architecture delineates field cancerization in BRAFV600E-induced tumor development. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm048887. [PMID: 34379110 PMCID: PMC8380047 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells hijack developmental growth mechanisms but whether tissue morphogenesis and architecture modify tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we characterized a new mouse model of sporadic thyroid carcinogenesis based on inducible expression of BRAF carrying a Val600 Glu (V600E) point mutation (BRAFV600E) from the thyroglobulin promoter (TgCreERT2). Spontaneous activation of this Braf-mutant allele due to leaky activity of the Cre recombinase revealed that intrinsic properties of thyroid follicles determined BRAF-mutant cell fate. Papillary thyroid carcinomas developed multicentrically within a normal microenvironment. Each tumor originated from a single follicle that provided a confined space for growth of a distinct tumor phenotype. Lineage tracing revealed oligoclonal tumor development in infancy and early selection of BRAFV600E kinase inhibitor-resistant clones. Somatic mutations were few, non-recurrent and limited to advanced tumors. Female mice developed larger tumors than males, reproducing the gender difference of human thyroid cancer. These data indicate that BRAFV600E-induced tumorigenesis is spatiotemporally regulated depending on the maturity and heterogeneity of follicles. Moreover, thyroid tissue organization seems to determine whether a BRAF-mutant lineage becomes a cancerized lineage. The TgCreERT2;BrafCA/+ sporadic thyroid cancer mouse model provides a new tool to evaluate drug therapy at different stages of tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Schoultz
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ellen Johansson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Carmen Moccia
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Iva Jakubikova
- Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Naveen Ravi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Shawn Liang
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Therese Carlsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Montelius
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-41345 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Konrad Patyra
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Turku, Åbo FI-20521, Finland
| | - Jukka Kero
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Turku, Åbo FI-20521, Finland
| | - Kajsa Paulsson
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund SE-22184, Sweden
| | - Henrik Fagman
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg SE-41345, Sweden
| | - Martin O. Bergo
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge SE-14183, Sweden
| | - Mikael Nilsson
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Medical Chemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-40530 Göteborg, Sweden
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Qi L, Zhang W, Ren X, Xu R, Liu C, Tu C, Li Z. Incidence and Predictors of Synchronous Bone Metastasis in Newly Diagnosed Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Real-World Population-Based Study. Front Surg 2022; 9:778303. [PMID: 35141273 PMCID: PMC8819693 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.778303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients with synchronous bone metastasis (SBM) remain unclear. This real-world study aimed to elucidate the incidence and prognosis of DTC patients with SBM using population-based data. Methods Data of patients with newly diagnosed DTC from 2010 to 2016 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify predictors of developing SBM in patients with DTC and was further evaluated by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to identify prognostic factors associated with overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results A total of 67,176 patients with DTC were screened from the database, with 0.36% (244/67,176) developed SBM. The age-adjusted incidence of SBM in patients with DTC was relatively stable during the study period with an average annual percentage change (AAPC) of 2.52. Multivariable logistic regression analysis recognized seven factors (older age, male gender, black race, other races, follicular histology, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) T2, T3, T4 staging, and N1 staging) as predictors of developing SBM among the entire cohort, with the value of area under the curve (AUC) of 0.931 (95% CI: 0.915–0.947). The median survival time of DTC patients with SBM was 22 months (interquartile range, 7–47 months). The multivariable Cox regression analysis indicated multiple metastatic sites, surgical procedures, and chemotherapy as predictors for the survival of patients. Conclusions Predictors and prognostic factors of SBM in patients with DTC were identified in this study. Patients with risk factors should be given more attention in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaolei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiling Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Chaoqian Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Tu
| | - Zhihong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
- Zhihong Li
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Gu P, Zeng Y, Ma W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Guo F, Ruan X, Chi J, Zheng X, Gao M. Characterization of the CpG island methylator phenotype subclass in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1008301. [PMID: 36353231 PMCID: PMC9637834 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1008301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), characterized by the concurrent and widespread hypermethylation of a cluster of CpGs, has been reported to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Limited studies have explored the role of CIMP in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). Here, in genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of 350 primary PTCs from the Cancer Genome Atlas database that were assessed using the Illumina HumanMethylation450K platform, our study helps to identify two subtypes displayed markedly distinct DNA methylation levels, termed CIMP (high levels of DNA methylation) and nCIMP subgroup (low levels of DNA methylation). Interestingly, PTCs with CIMP tend to have a higher degree of malignancy, since this subtype was tightly associated with older age, advanced pathological stage, and lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Differential methylation analysis showed a broad methylation gain in CIMP and subsequent generalized gene set testing analysis based on the significantly methylated probes in CIMP showed remarkable enrichment in epithelial mesenchymal transition and angiogenesis hallmark pathways, confirming that the CIMP phenotype may promote the tumor progression from another perspective. Analysis of tumor microenvironment showed that CIMP PTCs are in an immune-depletion status, which may affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy. Genetically, the significantly higher tumor mutation burden and copy number alteration both at the genome and focal level confirmed the genomic heterogeneity and chromosomal instability of CIMP. tumor Corresponding to the above findings, PTC patients with CIMP showed remarkable poor clinical outcome as compared to nCIMP regarding overall survival and progression-free survival. More importantly, CIMP was associated with worse survival independent of known prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Gu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Weike Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianhui Ruan
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiadong Chi
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jiadong Chi, ; Xiangqian Zheng, ; Ming Gao,
| | - Xiangqian Zheng
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jiadong Chi, ; Xiangqian Zheng, ; Ming Gao,
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Thyroid and Neck Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of General Surgery in Construction, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jiadong Chi, ; Xiangqian Zheng, ; Ming Gao,
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Li Q, Liu W, Wang Z, Wang C, Ai Z. Exosomal ANXA1 derived from thyroid cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation of human thyroid follicular epithelial cells by promoting cell proliferation. Int J Oncol 2021; 59:104. [PMID: 34779491 PMCID: PMC8651231 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles that can be released from cancer cells. It has been shown that cancer cell-derived exosomes may be associated with carcinogenesis by transferring signaling proteins from malignant to neighboring non-malignant cells. In addition, annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a well-known oncogene, that can be released from extracellular vesicles by cancer cells. However, the role of exosomal ANXA1 in the cell-to-cell communication of thyroid cancer and thyroid follicular epithelial cells remains unclear. In the present study, the protein expression levels of ANXA1 in thyroid cancer cells and thyroid cancer cell-derived exosomes were analyzed using western blot analysis. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to determine cell viability and invasion, respectively. The protein expression levels of ANXA1 were increased in thyroid cancer tissues and thyroid cancer cell lines. In addition, overexpression of ANXA1 significantly increased the proliferation and invasion of the SW579 cells, while knockdown of ANXA1 expression exerted the opposite results. Furthermore, ANXA1 was transferred from the SW579 cells to the Nthy-ori3-1 cells via exosomes. Exosomal ANXA1 markedly promoted the proliferation, invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of the Nthy-ori3-1 cells. In addition, SW579 cell-derived exosomal ANXA1 promoted tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, these findings indicated that SW579 cell-derived exosomal ANXA1 promoted thyroid cancer development and Nthy-ori3-1 cell malignant transformation. Therefore, these findings may aid in the development of effective treatment methods for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Dafeng, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224100, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Ai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Ratajczak M, Gaweł D, Godlewska M. Novel Inhibitor-Based Therapies for Thyroid Cancer-An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11829. [PMID: 34769260 PMCID: PMC8584403 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancers (TCs) are the most common tumors of the endocrine system and a constant rise in the number of TC cases has been observed for the past few decades. TCs are one of the most frequent tumors in younger adults, especially in women, therefore early diagnosis and effective therapy are especially important. Ultrasonography examination followed by fine needle biopsy have become the gold standard for diagnosis of TCs, as these strategies allow for early-stage detection and aid accurate qualification for further procedures, including surgical treatment. Despite all the advancements in detection and treatment of TCs, constant mortality levels are still observed. Therefore, a novel generation line of targeted treatment strategies is being developed, including personalized therapies with kinase inhibitors. Recent molecular studies on TCs demonstrate that kinase inhibitor-based therapies might be considered as the most promising. In the past decade, new kinase inhibitors with different mechanisms of action have been reported and approved for clinical trials. This review presents an up-to-date picture of new approaches and challenges of inhibitor-based therapies in treatment of TCs, focusing on the latest findings reported over the past two years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Ratajczak
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Endocrinology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Damian Gaweł
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Immunohematology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Zhong LK, Xie CL, Jiang S, Deng XY, Gan XX, Feng JH, Cai WS, Liu CZ, Shen F, Miao JH, Xu B. Prioritizing Susceptible Genes for Thyroid Cancer Based on Gene Interaction Network. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740267. [PMID: 34497810 PMCID: PMC8421023 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer ranks second in the incidence rate of endocrine malignant cancer. Thyroid cancer is usually asymptomatic at the initial stage, which makes patients easily miss the early treatment time. Combining genetic testing with imaging can greatly improve the diagnostic efficiency of thyroid cancer. Researchers have discovered many genes related to thyroid cancer. However, the effects of these genes on thyroid cancer are different. We hypothesize that there is a stronger interaction between the core genes that cause thyroid cancer. Based on this hypothesis, we constructed an interaction network of thyroid cancer-related genes. We traversed the network through random walks, and sorted thyroid cancer-related genes through ADNN which is fusion of Adaboost and deep neural network (DNN). In addition, we discovered more thyroid cancer-related genes by ADNN. In order to verify the accuracy of ADNN, we conducted a fivefold cross-validation. ADNN achieved AUC of 0.85 and AUPR of 0.81, which are more accurate than other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Chang-Lian Xie
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Zhongshan, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Boai Hospital of Zhongshan, Zhongshan, China
| | - Xing-Yan Deng
- Department of Thyrovascular Surgery, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xiao-Xiong Gan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hua Feng
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Song Cai
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Zhuai Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Hang Miao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Marques IJ, Gomes I, Pojo M, Pires C, Moura MM, Cabrera R, Santos C, van IJcken WFJ, Teixeira MR, Ramalho JS, Leite V, Cavaco BM. Identification of SPRY4 as a Novel Candidate Susceptibility Gene for Familial Nonmedullary Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2021; 31:1366-1375. [PMID: 33906393 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2020.0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: The molecular basis of familial nonmedullary thyroid cancer (FNMTC) is still poorly understood, representing a limitation for molecular diagnosis and clinical management. In this study, we aimed to identify new susceptibility genes for FNMTC through whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis of leukocyte DNA of patients from a highly informative FNMTC family. Methods: We selected six affected family members to conduct WES analysis. Bioinformatic analyses were undertaken to filter and select the genetic variants shared by the affected members, which were subsequently validated by Sanger sequencing. To select the most likely pathogenic variants, several studies were performed, including family segregation analysis, in silico impact characterization, and gene expression (messenger RNA and protein) depiction in databases. For the most promising variant identified, we performed in vitro studies to validate its pathogenicity. Results: Several potentially pathogenic variants were identified in different candidate genes. After filtering with appropriate criteria, the variant c.701C>T, p.Thr234Met in the SPRY4 gene was prioritized for in vitro functional characterization. This SPRY4 variant led to an increase in cell viability and colony formation, indicating that it confers a proliferative advantage and potentiates clonogenic capacity. Phosphokinase array and Western blot analyses suggested that the effects of the SPRY4 variant were mediated through the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, which was further supported by a higher responsiveness of thyroid cancer cells with the SPRY4 variant to a MEK inhibitor. Conclusions: WES analysis in one family identified SPRY4 as a likely novel candidate susceptibility gene for FNMTC, allowing a better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês J Marques
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Pojo
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pires
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida M Moura
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rafael Cabrera
- Serviço de Anatomia Patológica, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Santos
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Center for Biomics, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel R Teixeira
- Serviço de Genética, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto Francisco Gentil, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José S Ramalho
- Chronic Diseases Research Centre, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valeriano Leite
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Serviço de Endocrinologia, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branca M Cavaco
- Unidade de Investigação em Patobiologia Molecular, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Francisco Gentil, Lisboa, Portugal
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Petrucci R, Bohreh K, Niles N. Metastatic Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Thoracic Cord Compression. J Med Cases 2021; 12:177-180. [PMID: 34434453 PMCID: PMC8383535 DOI: 10.14740/jmc3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is an uncommon cancer and the incidence of FTC is higher in endemic areas of iodine deficiency or endemic goiter. Up until the 1990s Fiji was listed as an iodine deficient country. We report a rare case of a 53-year-old native Fijian man who presented to our hospital with spinal cord compression due to a metastatic deposit of an undiagnosed FTC. He underwent emergent neurosurgical treatment for his cord compression, with histology of the lesion at the level of T5 identifying metastatic FTC. Despite the emergent surgery, he did not have any neurological recovery. Total thyroidectomy confirmed the presence of a large left-sided FTC and the patient was assessed for radioactive iodine treatment. Nuclear medicine imaging revealed extensive distant bony metastatic disease. Unfortunately due to his significant distant disease burden, he was unable to undergo radioactive iodine ablation therapy. After significant allied health input he was discharged home with community palliative care input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Petrucci
- Liverpool Hospital Department of Endocrine Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Karrar Bohreh
- Liverpool Hospital Department of Endocrine Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
| | - Navin Niles
- Liverpool Hospital Department of Endocrine Surgery, Head and Neck Surgery, Elizabeth Street, Liverpool, NSW 2170, Australia
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Asghar MY, Lassila T, Paatero I, Nguyen VD, Kronqvist P, Zhang J, Slita A, Löf C, Zhou Y, Rosenholm J, Törnquist K. Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) knock down attenuates invasion and proliferation and enhances the expression of thyroid-specific proteins in human follicular thyroid cancer cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5827-5846. [PMID: 34155535 PMCID: PMC8316191 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03880-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and the ORAI1 calcium channel mediate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and regulate a multitude of cellular functions. The identity and function of these proteins in thyroid cancer remain elusive. We show that STIM1 and ORAI1 expression is elevated in thyroid cancer cell lines, compared to primary thyroid cells. Knock-down of STIM1 or ORAI1 attenuated SOCE, reduced invasion, and the expression of promigratory sphingosine 1-phosphate and vascular endothelial growth factor-2 receptors in thyroid cancer ML-1 cells. Cell proliferation was attenuated in these knock-down cells due to increased G1 phase of the cell cycle and enhanced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins p21 and p27. STIM1 protein was upregulated in thyroid cancer tissue, compared to normal tissue. Downregulation of STIM1 restored expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor, thyroid specific proteins and increased iodine uptake. STIM1 knockdown ML-1 cells were more susceptible to chemotherapeutic drugs, and significantly reduced tumor growth in Zebrafish. Furthermore, STIM1-siRNA-loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles attenuated invasion and proliferation of ML-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that STIM1 is a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Asghar
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Taru Lassila
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Paatero
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Van Dien Nguyen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Jixi Zhang
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shizheng Road, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Anna Slita
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Christoffer Löf
- Research Centre for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - You Zhou
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jessica Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, BioCity, Artillerigatan 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Kid Törnquist
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum Helsinki 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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Martins MB, de Assis Batista F, Marcello MA, Bufalo NE, Peres KC, Morari EC, Soares FA, Vassallo J, Ward LS. Clinical utility of the imunohistochemical co-expression of p53 and MDM2 in thyroid follicular lesions. Ann Diagn Pathol 2021; 53:151766. [PMID: 34111705 DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2021.151766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible correlation between p53 and MDM2 co-expression with clinicopathological features of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and its use as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, we used immunohistochemistry to evaluate 317 thyroid samples including 208 DTC and 94 benign nodules, in addition to 15 normal tissues. MDM2 and p53 expression were highly associated (r = 0.7161; p < 0.0001). The co-expression of p53-MDM2 was observed more frequently in malignant lesions (p < 0.0001) and helped characterize follicular patterned lesions distinguishing FVPTC from FA (p < 0.0001) and FVPTC from FTC (p < 0.0001). In addition, p53-MDM2 co-expression was associated with characteristics of less aggressiveness. It was more frequent in patients ≤45 years old (p = 0.0035), with unique tumors (p = 0.0095), tumors <2 cm (p < 0.0001), tumors without extrathyroid invasion (p = 0.0425), without metastasis at evolution (p = 0.0179), and in patients evolving free of disease after treatment (p = 0.0485). We suggest that p53-MDM2 co-expression profile analysis might help establishing diagnostic and determining prognostic of DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bonjiorno Martins
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Assis Batista
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Marjory Alana Marcello
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Natassia Elena Bufalo
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Colombera Peres
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Elaine Cristina Morari
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Biological and Health Sciences, State University of Roraima, Boa Vista, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- Department of General Pathology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Pathology Division, ID'Or Research Institute, Rede D'Or Hospitals Network, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Vassallo
- Laboratory Investigative and Molecular Pathology, CIPED, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura Sterian Ward
- Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Molecular Genetics of Follicular-Derived Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051139. [PMID: 33799953 PMCID: PMC7961716 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid tumors that derive from follicular cells are not a homogeneous entity, showing variable morphological appearance and different degrees of differentiation. Molecular markers are useful for both diagnostic purposes and prognostic stratification of patients. In presurgical setting, molecular testing of indeterminate thyroid nodules on aspirates provides useful diagnostic information; the molecular analysis on tumor tissues can also reveal the presence of genetic alterations related to patients’ prognosis. In recent years, the molecular characterization of these tumors has acquired even more importance thanks to the introduction of targeted drugs. This review summarizes the current literature on the molecular landscape of follicular-derived thyroid tumors. Abstract Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine-related malignancy, whose incidence rates have increased dramatically in the last few decades. Neoplasms of follicular origin generally have excellent prognosis, with the exception of less differentiated tumors. Follicular-derived thyroid cancer can manifest as a variety of morphologically distinct entities, characterized by various degrees of differentiation and invasiveness. Histological evaluation is thus crucial for the definition of patients’ prognosis. However, within each histological subtype, tumor behavior can be highly variable, and, in this respect, molecular characterization can provide insightful information to refine the risk stratification of tumors. In addition to the importance of its prognostic role, molecular testing can be used to support the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in the absence of marked cyto-morphological aberrations. Finally, with the advent of targeted drugs, the presence of molecular alterations will guide the therapeutic strategies for patients with advanced tumors who do not respond to standard treatment. This review aims to describe the genetic landscape of follicular-derived thyroid tumors also highlighting differences across histological subtypes.
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Yu PC, Tan LC, Zhu XL, Shi X, Chernikov R, Semenov A, Zhang L, Ma B, Wang Y, Zhou XY, Ji QH, Wei WJ, Wang YL. Arms-qPCR Improves Detection Sensitivity of Earlier Diagnosis of Papillary Thyroid Cancers With Worse Prognosis Determined by Coexisting BRAF V600E and Tert Promoter Mutations. Endocr Pract 2021; 27:698-705. [PMID: 33515759 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coexistence of BRAF V600E and the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutation C228T/C250T is extensively associated with thyroid cancer prognosis. Our study aimed to establish a sensitive method for mutation detection and explore the correlation in detail. METHODS The BRAF and TERT promoter mutation status of 250 papillary thyroid cancers was determined using amplification-refractory mutation system quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-qPCR) and Sanger sequencing to compare the sensitivity of the 2 methods. Associations between the mutation status and clinicopathological features were then analyzed. RESULTS ARMS-qPCR was more sensitive than Sanger sequencing (BRAF V600E: 75.2% [188 of 250] vs 52.4% [131 of 250], P < .001; TERT promoter C228T/C250T mutation: 12.0% [30 of 250] vs 3.6% [9 of 250], P = .001; comutation: 9.6% [24 of 250] vs 3.2% [8 of 250], P = .005). Both ARMS-qPCR and Sanger sequencing indicated that patients with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations had an older diagnosis age, higher recurrence rate, and were associated with a more advanced TNM stage and higher metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and size score. Moreover, ARMS-qPCR helped identify an earlier group stage, which was younger and had smaller tumors and a lower recurrence rate, compared with the group with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations identified by Sanger sequencing. The newly identified group had a lower metastasis, age, completeness of resection, invasion, and size score and TNM stage. CONCLUSION Patients with coexisting BRAF V600E and TERT promoter mutations had a worse prognosis. ARMS-qPCR, the more sensitive method, can be used to identify patients who have a potentially worse prognosis earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Cheng Yu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Cheng Tan
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Shi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Roman Chernikov
- Endocrine Surgery Department, N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Arseny Semenov
- Endocrine Surgery Department, N.I. Pirogov Clinic of High Medical Technologies, Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ben Ma
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hai Ji
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jun Wei
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Li Y, Jin C, Li J, Tong M, Wang M, Huang J, Ning Y, Ren G. Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules in China: A Health Examination Cohort-Based Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:676144. [PMID: 34122350 PMCID: PMC8188053 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.676144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid nodules are a common clinical problem and some are potentially cancerous; however, little is known about the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in a healthy Chinese population. METHODS We reviewed electronic medical records of 13,178,313 participants from 30 provinces and regions who received health examinations and underwent thyroid ultrasound at Meinian Onehealth Healthcare in 2017. Among them, 6,192,357 were excluded based on predefined criteria. All thyroid nodules were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and standardized protocols were adopted for data collection, quality control, and data management. RESULTS A total of 6,985,956 participants (mean age: 42.1 ± 13.1 years) were included in this study. The overall prevalence of thyroid nodules was 36.9% (95% CI, 35.7%-38.1%; age- and sex-standardized prevalence 38.0% [95% CI, 37.0%-39.1%]). The prevalence of thyroid nodules in females (44.7% [95% CI, 43.4%-45.9%], age-standardized prevalence: 45.2% [95% CI, 44.1%-46.4%]) was significantly higher than that in males (29.9% [95% CI, 28.8%-31.0%], age-standardized prevalence 31.2% [95% CI, 30.1%-32.2%]; P < 0.001). The prevalence of thyroid nodules decreased from <18 to 25 years, while increased with age over 25 years old. The top three provinces with the highest prevalence of thyroid nodules were Jilin (47.6%), Liaoning (44.8%), and Shandong (43.9%), whereas Guizhou (23.9%), Chongqing (26.2%), and Shaanxi (26.4%) had the lowest prevalence. Females had more than 10% higher rates of thyroid nodules than males in all included provinces and regions, except for Tianjin (8.0%). Based on the geographical regions of China, the northeast had the highest prevalence (46.8% [95% CI, 44.1%-49.2%]), whereas northwest had the lowest prevalence (28.9% [95% CI, 26.9%-31.6%]. Based on multivariable logistic regression analysis, factors including age, gender, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, and low-density lipoproteins were significantly associated with the presence of thyroid nodules. CONCLUSION This study provides the first nationwide analysis of the prevalence of thyroid nodules in China. Our results showed that the prevalence of thyroid nodules was high in health screening Chinese people with regional-specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Li
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Meinian Public Health Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingkun Tong
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Meinian Public Health Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiefeng Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Ning
- Meinian Institute of Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Health Science Center, Meinian Public Health Research Institute, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Ning, ; Guosheng Ren,
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Ning, ; Guosheng Ren,
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