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Mink S, Reimann P, Fraunberger P. Prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1029-1043. [PMID: 38349073 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Globally, over 772 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported. New variants of interest with corresponding spikes in case numbers continue to be identified. Vulnerable patients, including older adults or patients with severe comorbidities, continue to be at risk. A large body of evidence has been accumulated regarding anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and COVID-19 but the usefulness of antibody measurements remains unclear. This systematic review aims to assess the prognostic value of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies and their usefulness for guiding booster vaccinations. METHODS Studies in English and published between January 2020 and October 2023 were included. Studies that relied on multiparameter-models or comprised fewer than 100 participants were excluded. PubMed and via the WHO COVID-19 research database, Embase and Medline databases were searched. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently by two researchers. RESULTS After screening 1,160 studies, 33 studies comprising >30 million individuals were included. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies were strongly associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2-infection and better outcomes, including mortality. Risk of infection and COVID-19 severity decreased with increasing antibody levels. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibodies are useful for early identification of high-risk patients and timely adjustment of therapy. Protective thresholds may be applied to advise booster vaccinations but verification in separate cohorts is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mink
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
| | - Patrick Reimann
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Teaching Hospital Feldkirch, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Peter Fraunberger
- Central Medical Laboratories, Feldkirch, Austria
- Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein, Triesen, Principality of Liechtenstein
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2
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Lapadula G, Mezzadri L, Lo Cascio G, Antolini L, Malandrin S, Ranzani A, Limonta S, Cavallero A, Bonfanti P. Anti-spike antibody level is associated with the risk of clinical progression among subjects hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia: results from a retrospective cohort study. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02250-9. [PMID: 38652224 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) may confer protection against symptomatic COVID-19. Whether their level predicts progression among those with COVID-19 pneumonia remains unclear. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study to assess predictors of anti-S levels and whether anti-S titer is associated with death or mechanical ventilation (MV). Adults hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia between July 2021 and July 2022 were enrolled if anti-S had been measured within 72 h of admission. Predictors of anti-S level were explored using multivariable quantile regression. The association between anti-S levels and 30-day death/MV was investigated via multivariable logistic regression. Analyses were stratified by vaccine status. RESULTS The median anti-S level was 1370 BAU/ml in 328 vaccinated and 15.5 BAU/ml in 206 unvaccinated individuals. Among the vaccinated, shorter symptom duration (p = 0.001), hematological malignancies (p = 0.002), and immunosuppressive therapy (p = 0.004) were associated with lower anti-S levels. In the unvaccinated group, symptom duration was the only predictor of anti-S levels (p < 0.001). After 30 days, 134 patients experienced death or MV. Among vaccinated individuals, higher anti-S levels correlated significantly with lower death/MV risk (per log2 increase, OR 0.88, 95%CI 0.81-0.97), irrespective of age and solid malignancies. Among unvaccinated, a marginally protective effect was observed (OR 0.86, 95%CI 0.73-1.01), independent of age, immunosuppressive therapy, and diabetes. Adjustment for monoclonal antibody treatment strengthened the association (OR 0.81, 95%CI 0.68-0.96). CONCLUSION This study suggests that levels of anti-S antibodies can predict critical or fatal outcomes in COVID-19 pneumonia patients, regardless of vaccination. Whether anti-S Ab could guide risk assessment and vaccination boosting merits further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lapadula
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy.
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca Mezzadri
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giustina Lo Cascio
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Center-B4, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Malandrin
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Alice Ranzani
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Limonta
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Cavallero
- Microbiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo Dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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3
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Bezanovic MR, Obradovic ZB, Bujandric N, Kocic N, Milanovic MK, Majkic M, Obrovski B, Grujic J. Reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in Serbian voluntary blood donors. Transfus Med 2024. [PMID: 38561316 DOI: 10.1111/tme.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has major implications on the entire blood supply system worldwide. Seroepidemiological studies are certainly necessary for better understanding the global burden that the COVID-19 pandemic represents. OBJECTIVES In this study, we analysed the association between demographic factors, COVID-19 severity, vaccination status and the reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Serbian blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a prospective study, demographic data and data related to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 severity and vaccination status among whole blood donors were analysed, from February 10 to August 10, 2022, at the Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Serbia. The detection and determination of the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were performed using LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG immunoassay. RESULTS A total of 1190 blood donors were included, 24.5% were female and 75.5% were male while their average age was 41 years. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody values ranged from 2.40 to 3120 BAU/ml with a mean value of 1354.56 BAU/ml. Statistical analysis showed that COVID-19 severity and vaccination status are linked with reactivity of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, while gender and age of voluntary blood donors are not related to the values of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. CONCLUSION The values of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in voluntary blood donors in Serbia are kept relatively high, especially in blood donors who have overcome the severe COVID-19, as well as in donors who have been vaccinated against COVID-19. Further SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence studies in our country are certainly still necessary so global strategies to fight against COVID-19 would be adequately evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milomir Radoslav Bezanovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Zorana Budakov Obradovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevenka Bujandric
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Neda Kocic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Krga Milanovic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Majkic
- Clinic for Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Boris Obrovski
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Grujic
- Department for Blood Collection, Testing and Production of Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Huang L, Tong X, Cui J, Du X, Liao Y, Tan X, Ju Y, Zhong X, Zhou W, Xu X, Li Y. Recurrent and persistent fever after SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with follicular lymphoma: A case series. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 141:106973. [PMID: 38395220 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although persistent or recurrent COVID-19 infection is well described in some immunosuppressed patient cohort, to date, there have been no reports of this phenomenon in the context of repeatedly negative SARS-CoV-2 testing in the upper respiratory tract. We reported six patients with follicular lymphoma who developed recurrent symptomatic COVID-19 infection. They tested persistently negative for SARS-CoV-2 on pharyngeal swabs and ultimately confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomics next-generation sequencing. All six patients presented with lymphopenia and B-cell depletion, and five of them received the anti-cluster of differentiation 20 treatment in the last year. Persistent fever was the most common symptom and bilateral ground-glass opacities were the primary pattern on chest computed tomography. A relatively long course of unnecessary and ineffective antibacterial and/or antifungal treatments was administered until the definitive diagnosis. Persistent fever subsided rapidly with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment. Our case highlighted that recurrent COVID-19 infection should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with persistent fever despite negative pharyngeal swabs, and urgent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid testing is necessary. Treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir appeared to be very effective in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xunliang Tong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoman Du
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yixuan Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Tan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Ju
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomao Xu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.
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Sandeep, Shinde SH, Ahmed S, Sharma SS, Pande AH. Engineered polyspecific antibodies: A new frontier in the field of immunotherapeutics. Immunology 2024; 171:464-496. [PMID: 38140855 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The 21st-century beginning remarked with the huge success of monospecific MAbs, however, in the last couple of years, polyspecific MAbs (PsAbs) have been an interesting topic and show promise of being biobetter than monospecific MAbs. Polyspecificity, in which a single antibody serves multiple specific target binding, has been hypothesized to contribute to the development of a highly effective antibody repertoire for immune defence. This polyspecific MAb trend represents an explosion that is gripping the whole pharmaceutical industry. This review is concerned with the current development and quality enforcement of PsAbs. All provided literature on monospecific MAbs and polyspecific MAbs (PsAbs) were searched using various electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, Springer, ACS, Google Patent and books via the keywords Antibody engineering, Polyspecific antibody, Conventional antibody, non-conventional antibody, and Single domain antibody. In the literature, there are more than 100 different formats to construct PsAb by quadroma technology, chemical conjugation and genetic engineering. Till March 2023, nine PsAb have been approved around the world, and around 330 are in advanced developmental stages, showing the dominancy of PsAb in the growing health sector. Recent advancements in protein engineering techniques and the fusion of non-conventional antibodies have made it possible to create complex PsAbs that demonstrate higher stability and enhanced potency. This marks the most significant achievement for cancer immunotherapy, in which PsAbs have immense promise. It is worth mentioning that seven out of the nine PsAbs have been approved as anti-cancer therapy. As PsAbs continue to acquire prominence, they could pave the way for the development of novel immunotherapies for multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Suraj H Shinde
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Abhay H Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Dababseh MMO, Sabaka P, Duraníková O, Horváthová S, Valkovič P, Straka I, Nagyová A, Boža V, Kravec M, Jurenka J, Koščálová A, Mihalov P, Marešová E, Bendžala M, Kušnírová A, Stankovič I. Delayed Antibody Response in the Acute Phase of Infection Is Associated with a Lower Mental Component of Quality of Life in Survivors of Severe and Critical COVID-19. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1938. [PMID: 38610703 PMCID: PMC11012816 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The long-term sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly affects quality of life (QoL) in disease survivors. Delayed development of the adaptive immune response is associated with more severe disease and a worse prognosis in COVID-19. The effects of delayed immune response on COVID-19 sequelae and QoL are unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective study to assess the relationship between the delayed antibody response in the acute phase of infection in naïve unvaccinated patients suffering from severe or critical COVID-19 and their QoL 12 months after hospital discharge. The 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) questionnaire was used for assessment of QoL. The SF-12 evaluates both mental and physical components of QoL, incorporating a mental component score (MCS-12) and a physical component score (PCS-12). A delayed antibody response was defined as testing negative for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the time of hospital admission. Results: The study included 274 patients (154 men and 120 women). Of the enrolled patients, 144 had a delayed immune response. These patients had a significantly lower MCS-12 (p = 0.002), but PCS-12 (p = 0.397) was not significantly different at the 12-month follow-up compared to patients with positive anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The MCS-12 at the time of follow-up was negatively associated with delayed antibody response irrespective of possible confounders (p = 0.006; B = 3.609; ηp2 = 0.035; 95% CI = 1.069-6.150). An MSC-12 below 50 points at the time of follow-up was positively associated with delayed antibody response (p = 0.001; B = 1.092; OR = 2.979; 95% CI = 1.554-5.711). Conclusions: This study confirmed that, in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, a negative result for anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the time of hospital admission is associated with a lower mental component of QoL in unvaccinated patients naïve to COVID-19 one year after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmud Otman Dababseh
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Peter Sabaka
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Oľga Duraníková
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.D.); (S.H.); (P.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Simona Horváthová
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.D.); (S.H.); (P.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Peter Valkovič
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.D.); (S.H.); (P.V.); (I.S.)
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Igor Straka
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.D.); (S.H.); (P.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Anna Nagyová
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Vladimír Boža
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia (M.K.)
| | - Marián Kravec
- Department of Applied Informatics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia (M.K.)
| | - Ján Jurenka
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Alena Koščálová
- Department of Infectology, Slovak Medical University, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Peter Mihalov
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Eliška Marešová
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matej Bendžala
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Alice Kušnírová
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (O.D.); (S.H.); (P.V.); (I.S.)
| | - Igor Stankovič
- Department of Infectology and Geographical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 833 05 Bratislava, Slovakia; (M.M.O.D.); (A.N.); (J.J.); (P.M.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
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O'Mahoney C, Watt I, Fiedler S, Devenish S, Srikanth S, Justice E, Dover T, Dean D, Peng C. Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) Measurements of Secretory Neutralizing Antibody Affinity Against SARS-CoV-2. Ann Biomed Eng 2024:10.1007/s10439-024-03478-0. [PMID: 38459195 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has rampantly spread around the globe and continues to cause unprecedented loss through ongoing waves of (re)infection. Increasing our understanding of the protection against infection with SARS-CoV-2 is critical to ending the pandemic. Serological assays have been widely used to assess immune responses, but secretory antibodies, the essential first line of defense, have been studied to only a limited extent. Of particular interest and importance are neutralizing antibodies, which block the binding of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 to the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) and thus are essential for immune defense. Here, we employed Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS), an immobilization-free technology, to characterize neutralizing antibody affinity to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike trimer in saliva. Affinity measurement was obtained through a contrived sample and buffer using recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD and monoclonal antibody. Limited saliva samples demonstrated that MDS applies to saliva neutralizing antibody measurement. The ability to disrupt a complex of ACE2-Fc and spike trimer is shown. Using a quantitative assay on the patient sample, we determined the affinity and binding site concentration of the neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara O'Mahoney
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Ian Watt
- Fluidic Analytics, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Sujata Srikanth
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Erica Justice
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Tristan Dover
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Delphine Dean
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Congyue Peng
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
- Center for Innovative Medical Devices and Sensors, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.
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8
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Malik S, Asghar M, Waheed Y. Outlining recent updates on influenza therapeutics and vaccines: A comprehensive review. Vaccine X 2024; 17:100452. [PMID: 38328274 PMCID: PMC10848012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has presented a considerable healthcare challenge during the past years, particularly in vulnerable groups with compromised immune systems. Therapeutics and vaccination have always been in research annals since the spread of influenza. Efforts have been going on to develop an antiviral therapeutic approach that could assist in better disease management and reduce the overall disease complexity, resistance development, and fatality rates. On the other hand, vaccination presents a chance for effective, long-term, cost-benefit, and preventive response against the morbidity and mortality associated with the influenza. However, the issues of resistance development, strain mutation, antigenic variability, and inability to cure wide-spectrum and large-scale strains of the virus by available vaccines remain there. The article gathers the updated data for the therapeutics and available influenza vaccines, their mechanism of action, shortcomings, and trials under clinical experimentation. A methodological approach has been adopted to identify the prospective therapeutics and available vaccines approved and within the clinical trials against the influenza virus. Review contains influenza therapeutics, including traditional and novel antiviral drugs and inhibitor therapies against influenza virus as well as research trials based on newer drug combinations and latest technologies such as nanotechnology and organic and plant-based natural products. Most recent development of influenza vaccine has been discussed including some updates on traditional vaccination protocols and discussion on next-generation and upgraded novel technologies. This review will help the readers to understand the righteous approach for dealing with influenza virus infection and for deducing futuristic approaches for novel therapeutic and vaccine trials against Influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiza Malik
- Bridging Health Foundation, Rawalpindi, Punjab 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sweden
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
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9
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Zhang D, Kukkar D, Kim KH, Bhatt P. A comprehensive review on immunogen and immune-response proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and their applications in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129284. [PMID: 38211928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) prompts humoral immune responses in the human body. As the auxiliary diagnosis of a current infection, the existence of viral proteins can be checked from specific antibodies (Abs) induced by immunogenic viral proteins. For people with a weakened immune system, Ab treatment can help neutralize viral antigens to resist and treat the disease. On the other hand, highly immunogenic viral proteins can serve as effective markers for detecting prior infections. Additionally, the identification of viral particles or the presence of antibodies may help establish an immune defense against the virus. These immunogenic proteins rather than SARS-CoV-2 can be given to uninfected people as a vaccination to improve their coping ability against COVID-19 through the generation of memory plasma cells. In this work, we review immunogenic and immune-response proteins derived from SARS-CoV-2 with regard to their classification, origin, and diverse applications (e.g., prevention (vaccine development), diagnostic testing, and treatment (via neutralizing Abs)). Finally, advanced immunization strategies against COVID-19 are discussed along with the contemporary circumstances and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohong Zhang
- College of Food Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China; Bio-Nanotechnology Research Institute, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Poornima Bhatt
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India; University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
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Nedelcu I, Florian P, Ion D, Militaru E, Damalan A, Popescu CI, Hristea A. Dynamics of serum cross-neutralization capacity against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in convalescent COVID-19 patients. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29448. [PMID: 38318776 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response against variants of concern following natural infection would provide valuable insights regarding the immune response induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Herein, 25 patients were followed at 30 ±7 (Visit 1), 90± 15 (Visit 2), and 180 ± 15 (Visit 3) days post symptom onset (PSO). The neutralization titers against both Wuhan-Hu-1 (WT) and Delta variant were analyzed in parallel along with anti-Spike antibodies (anti-S1/S2 immunoglobulin G [IgG]). The median values of half-maximal neutralization titer (NT50 ) for the WT and Delta variants decreased by 75.8% and 82.2% at Visit 2 and by 85.4% and 81.4% at Visit 3, respectively. At Visit 1, the correlation between the anti-S1/S2 IgG and Nabs titers for the Delta variant was moderate for WT (r = 0.58) and weak for the Delta variant (r = 0.39). However, the correlation coefficient consistently remained above 0.7, with a very strong correlation at Visit 3 for both WT and Delta variants (r = 0.81). The dynamics of anti-S1/S2 IgG antibodies, NT50 , and cross-neutralization index correlated at different time points PSO. Longitudinal analysis of the cross-neutralization capacity of immune sera will inform upon the durability of the immune response against SARS CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Nedelcu
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Paula Florian
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Ion
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eliza Militaru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Damalan
- Department of Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costin-Ioan Popescu
- Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
- Prothanor Biotech S.R.L, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adriana Hristea
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "Prof. Dr. Matei Bals", Bucharest, Romania
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11
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Lapuente D, Winkler TH, Tenbusch M. B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:144-158. [PMID: 37945737 PMCID: PMC10805925 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01095-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 prompted scientific, medical, and biotech communities to investigate infection- and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen. B-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations, as neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are an important correlate of protection (COP) from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities. In addition to absolute levels, nAb longevity, neutralization breadth, immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition, and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers. The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory B-cell (MBC) and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity. It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms, such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines, in unprecedented cohort sizes. Combined with the technological advances of recent years, this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of B-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings. In this review, we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection- and vaccine-induced B-cell immunity, which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lapuente
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Tenbusch
- Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossgarten 4, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schlossplatz 1, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Lauritsen CJ, Trinh IV, Desai SP, Clancey E, Murrell AE, Rambaran S, Chandra S, Elliott DH, Smira AR, Mo Z, Stone AE, Agbodji A, Dugas CM, Satou R, Pridjian G, Longo S, Ley SH, Robinson JE, Norton EB, Piedimonte G, Gunn BM. Passive antibody transfer from pregnant women to their fetus are maximized after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination irrespective of prior infection. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob 2024; 3:100189. [PMID: 38268538 PMCID: PMC10805668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacig.2023.100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Pregnancy is associated with a higher risk of adverse symptoms and outcomes for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection for both mother and neonate. Antibodies can provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and are induced in pregnant women after vaccination or infection. Passive transfer of these antibodies from mother to fetus in utero may provide protection to the neonate against infection. However, it is unclear whether the magnitude or quality and kinetics of maternally derived fetal antibodies differs in the context of maternal infection or vaccination. Objective We aimed to determine whether antibodies transferred from maternal to fetus differed in quality or quantity between infection- or vaccination-induced humoral immune responses. Methods We evaluated 93 paired maternal and neonatal umbilical cord blood plasma samples collected between October 2020 and February 2022 from a birth cohort of pregnant women from New Orleans, Louisiana, with histories of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination. Plasma was profiled for the levels of spike-specific antibodies and induction of antiviral humoral immune functions, including neutralization and Fc-mediated innate immune effector functions. Responses were compared between 4 groups according to maternal infection and vaccination. Results We found that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination or infection during pregnancy increased the levels of antiviral antibodies compared to naive subjects. Vaccinated mothers and cord samples had the highest anti-spike antibody levels and antiviral function independent of the time of vaccination during pregnancy. Conclusions These results show that the most effective passive transfer of functional antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in utero is achieved through vaccination, highlighting the importance of vaccination in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody J. Lauritsen
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Ivy V. Trinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Srushti P. Desai
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Erin Clancey
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
| | - Amelie E. Murrell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Saraswatie Rambaran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Sruti Chandra
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Debra H. Elliott
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ashley R. Smira
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Zhiyin Mo
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Addison E. Stone
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ayitevi Agbodji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Courtney M. Dugas
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Ryousuke Satou
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Gabriella Pridjian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | | | - Sylvia H. Ley
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - James E. Robinson
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Elizabeth B. Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Giovanni Piedimonte
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, La
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, Wash
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13
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Hill JA, Martens MJ, Young JAH, Bhavsar K, Kou J, Chen M, Lee LW, Baluch A, Dhodapkar MV, Nakamura R, Peyton K, Howard DS, Ibrahim U, Shahid Z, Armistead P, Westervelt P, McCarty J, McGuirk J, Hamadani M, DeWolf S, Hosszu K, Sharon E, Spahn A, Toor AA, Waldvogel S, Greenberger LM, Auletta JJ, Horowitz MM, Riches ML, Perales MA. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the first year after hematopoietic cell transplant or chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy: A prospective, multicenter, observational study (BMT CTN 2101). medRxiv 2024:2024.01.24.24301058. [PMID: 38343800 PMCID: PMC10854344 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.24301058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background The optimal timing of vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines after cellular therapy is incompletely understood. Objective To describe humoral and cellular responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination initiated <4 months versus 4-12 months after cellular therapy. Design Multicenter prospective observational study. Setting 34 centers in the United States. Participants 466 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT; n=231), autologous HCT (n=170), or chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy (n=65) recipients enrolled between April 2021 and June 2022. Interventions SARS-CoV-2 vaccination as part of routine care. Measurements We obtained blood prior to and after vaccinations at up to five time points and tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike (anti-S) IgG in all participants and neutralizing antibodies for Wuhan D614G, Delta B.1.617.2, and Omicron B.1.1.529 strains, as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell receptors (TCRs), in a subgroup. Results Anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibody responses increased with vaccination in HCT recipients irrespective of vaccine initiation timing but were unchanged in CAR-T cell recipients initiating vaccines within 4 months. Anti-S IgG ≥2,500 U/mL was correlated with high neutralizing antibody titers and attained by the last time point in 70%, 69%, and 34% of allogeneic HCT, autologous HCT, and CAR-T cell recipients, respectively. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses were attained in 57%, 83%, and 58%, respectively. Humoral and cellular responses did not significantly differ among participants initiating vaccinations <4 months vs 4-12 months after cellular therapy. Pre-cellular therapy SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination were key predictors of post-cellular therapy anti-S IgG levels. Limitations The majority of participants were adults and received mRNA vaccines. Conclusions These data support starting mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination three to four months after allogeneic HCT, autologous HCT, and CAR-T cell therapy. Funding National Marrow Donor Program, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Novartis, LabCorp, American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Adaptive Biotechnologies, and the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hill
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, and Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J Martens
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Kavita Bhavsar
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jianqun Kou
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lik Wee Lee
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aliyah Baluch
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zainab Shahid
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Armistead
- University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John McCarty
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan DeWolf
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kinga Hosszu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elad Sharon
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Spahn
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amir A Toor
- Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie Waldvogel
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jeffery J Auletta
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mary M Horowitz
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcie L Riches
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Izac JR, Kwee EJ, Gaigalas A, Wang L. Quantitative and Standardized Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay for COVID-19. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2779:259-271. [PMID: 38526789 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3738-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a global pandemic caused by the highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. Efforts to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection include mass vaccination and development of monoclonal and convalescent plasma therapeutics that require precise measurements of correlative, functional neutralizing antibodies that prevent virus infection. Developing rapid, safe, easy-to-use, and high-quality neutralization assays are essential for the success of the massive effort. Here, we developed a vesicular stomatitis virus-based neutralization assay that was capable of quantifying varying degrees of neutralization in patient serum samples. This assay has two detection readouts, flow cytometry and live cell imaging. The two readout methods produced consistent values of all 50% neutralization titers, further enhancing measurement confidence on the assay. Moreover, the use of available reference standards such as the World Health Organization International Standard (NIBSC code 20/136) enables quantification and standardization of the pseudovirus neutralization assay with neutralizing antibody titers measured in International Units/mL. Quantitative and standardized neutralization assays are critical for reliable efficacy evaluation and comparison of numerous vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerilyn R Izac
- Biosystem and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward J Kwee
- Biosystem and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Adolfas Gaigalas
- Biosystem and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Lili Wang
- Biosystem and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
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15
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Lodz NA, Mat Tamizi NF, Abd Mutalip MH, Ganapathy SS, Lin CZ, Ismail R, Ahmad NA. Anti-S Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Four Types of Vaccines in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:96-103. [PMID: 38166431 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231223332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels can provide insights into a person's immunity to COVID-19 and inform decisions about vaccination and public health measures. Anti-S may be useful as an indicator of an effective immune response. Thus, we conducted this study that aimed to determine the immune response of anti-S antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for all the vaccine types over time among adult recipients in Malaysia and to determine the associated factors. This study was a cohort that recruited 2513 respondents aged 18 years and above from June to December 2021. Each participant was followed-up for 1-year period from the initial vaccine dose (baseline). We found that the anti-S antibody generally increased for all vaccine types and peaked at two weeks after the second dose vaccination, with Pfizer recipients having the highest median of 100 (100.00-100.00). During the third-month follow-up, the seropositivity of anti-S antibody and the median level decreased for all vaccines. We found that type of vaccines, comorbid status, infection, and booster status were significantly associated with the anti-S antibody level after one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Aliza Lodz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohd Hatta Abd Mutalip
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Chong Zhuo Lin
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Ismail
- Vaccine-Borne Disease Sector, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ani Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institute of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Setia Alam, Malaysia
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16
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Holdenrieder S, Dos Santos Ferreira CE, Izopet J, Theel ES, Wieser A. Clinical and laboratory considerations: determining an antibody-based composite correlate of risk for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or severe COVID-19. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1290402. [PMID: 38222091 PMCID: PMC10788057 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Much of the global population now has some level of adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 induced by exposure to the virus (natural infection), vaccination, or a combination of both (hybrid immunity). Key questions that subsequently arise relate to the duration and the level of protection an individual might expect based on their infection and vaccination history. A multi-component composite correlate of risk (CoR) could inform individuals and stakeholders about protection and aid decision making. This perspective evaluates the various elements that need to be accommodated in the development of an antibody-based composite CoR for reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe COVID-19, including variation in exposure dose, transmission route, viral genetic variation, patient factors, and vaccination status. We provide an overview of antibody dynamics to aid exploration of the specifics of SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing. We further discuss anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays, sample matrices, testing formats, frequency of sampling and the optimal time point for such sampling. While the development of a composite CoR is challenging, we provide our recommendations for each of these key areas and highlight areas that require further work to be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Jacques Izopet
- Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University Hospital and INFINITY Toulouse Institute for Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, INSERM UMR 1291 CNRS UMR 5051, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Elitza S. Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Andreas Wieser
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Max Von Pettenkofer Institute, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Immunology, Infection and Pandemic Research, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Munich, Germany
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17
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Bakari M, Aboud S, Kasubi M, Mmbando BP, Ntinginya NE, Sichalwe A, Ubuguyu OS, Magesa A, Rutananukwa NL, Nyawale H, Kisinda A, Beyanga M, Horumpende PG, Mhame PS, Vumilia LM, Mziray LS, Mkala R, Shao E, Makubi A, Mshana SE, Kishimba R. Humoral Immune Responses following COVID-19 Vaccinations among Adults in Tanzania. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 38250835 PMCID: PMC10819524 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccination remains to be the most important intervention in the fight against the pandemic. The immunity among the vaccinated population and its durability can significantly vary due to various factors. This study investigated the humoral immune responses among individuals who received any of the COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in Tanzania. A total of 1048 randomly selected adults who received COVID-19 vaccines at different time points were enrolled and humoral immune responses (IR) were tested at baseline and three months later (960, 91.6%). The level of SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike/receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, anti-nucleocapsid IgG, and IgM antibodies were determined using a commercially available chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Descriptive data analysis was performed using STATA version 18 and R. At baseline, serum IgG against anti-spike/RBD was detected in 1010/1048 (96.4%) participants (95%CI: 94.9-97.5) and 98.3% (95%CI: 97.3-99) three months later. The IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins were detected in 40.8% and 45.3% of participants at baseline and follow-up, respectively. The proportion of seroconverters following vaccination and mean titers of anti-spike/RBD antibodies were significantly more among those who had past SARS-CoV-2 infection than in those with no evidence of past infection, (p < 0.001). Only 0.5% of those who had detectable anti-spike/RBD antibodies at baseline were negative after three months of follow-up and 1.5% had breakthrough infections. The majority of participants (99.5%) had detectable anti-spike/RBD antibodies beyond 6 months post-vaccination. The proportion of Tanzanians who mounted humoral IR following COVID-19 vaccination was very high. Seroconversions, as well as the mean titers and durability of humoral IR, were significantly enhanced by exposure to natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. In view of the limited availability of COVID-19 vaccines as well as challenges to completing subsequent doses, booster doses could only be suggested to high-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Bakari
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania; (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Said Aboud
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (MUHAS), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania; (M.B.); (S.A.)
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9653, Tanzania; (B.P.M.); (N.E.N.); (N.L.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Mabula Kasubi
- Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65000, Tanzania;
| | - Bruno P. Mmbando
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9653, Tanzania; (B.P.M.); (N.E.N.); (N.L.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Nyanda Elias Ntinginya
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9653, Tanzania; (B.P.M.); (N.E.N.); (N.L.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Aifello Sichalwe
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Omary S. Ubuguyu
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Alex Magesa
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Nancy Ladislaus Rutananukwa
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9653, Tanzania; (B.P.M.); (N.E.N.); (N.L.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Helmut Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences (CUHAS), Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Abisai Kisinda
- National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 9653, Tanzania; (B.P.M.); (N.E.N.); (N.L.R.); (A.K.)
| | - Medard Beyanga
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Pius G. Horumpende
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Paulo S. Mhame
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Liggle M. Vumilia
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Lucy S. Mziray
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Reuben Mkala
- Benjamin Mkapa Hospital (BMH), Dodoma P.O. Box 11088, Tanzania;
| | - Elichilia Shao
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Moshi P.O. Box 3010, Tanzania;
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi P.O. Box 2240, Tanzania
| | - Abel Makubi
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
- Muhimbili Orthopaedics Institute (MOI), Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65474, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E. Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences (CUHAS), Mwanza P.O. Box 1464, Tanzania;
| | - Rogath Kishimba
- Ministry of Health (MoH), Dodoma P.O. Box 743, Tanzania; (A.S.); (O.S.U.); (A.M.); (M.B.); (P.G.H.); (P.S.M.); (L.M.V.); (L.S.M.); (A.M.); (R.K.)
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18
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de Almeida DV, Cezar PA, Fernandes TFB, Schwarz MGA, Mendonça-Lima L, Giacoia-Gripp CBW, Côrtes FH, Lindenmeyer Guimarães M, Pilotto JH, De Sá NBR, Cazote ADS, Gomes LR, Quintana MDSB, Ribeiro-Alves M, Coelho LE, Geraldo KM, Ribeiro MPD, Cardoso SW, Grinsztejn B, Veloso VG, Morgado MG. The impact of early anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody production on the length of hospitalization stay among COVID-19 patients. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0095923. [PMID: 37811977 PMCID: PMC10715214 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00959-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The study provides valuable insights into the sociodemographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, and humoral immune response of those affected by the virus that has devastated every field of human life since 2019; the COVID-19 patients. Firstly, the association among clinical manifestations, comorbidities, and the production of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against SARS-CoV-2 is explored. Secondly, varying levels of Nabs among patients are revealed, and a significant correlation between the presence of Nabs and a shorter duration of hospitalization is identified, which highlights the potential role of Nabs in predicting clinical outcomes. Lastly, a follow-up conducted 7 months later demonstrates the progression and persistence of Nabs production in recovered unvaccinated individuals. The study contributes essential knowledge regarding the characteristics of the study population, the early humoral immune response, and the dynamics of Nabs production over time. These findings have significant implications for understanding the immune response to COVID-19 and informing clinical management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalziza Victalina de Almeida
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila Alves Cezar
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Gustavo Araujo Schwarz
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Mendonça-Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Heloise Côrtes
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monick Lindenmeyer Guimarães
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Henrique Pilotto
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Beatriz Ramos De Sá
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa da Silva Cazote
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Larissa Rodrigues Gomes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde (CDTS)/Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Inovação em Doenças Negligenciadas da População (INCT-IDPN), FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lara Esteves Coelho
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kim Mattos Geraldo
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Pia Diniz Ribeiro
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Wagner Cardoso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Grinsztejn
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Valdiléa G Veloso
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariza Gonçalves Morgado
- Laboratório de Aids e Imunologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FUNDAÇÃO OSWALDO CRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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19
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Wu J, Yang H, Yu D, Yang X. Blood-derived product therapies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e426. [PMID: 38020714 PMCID: PMC10651828 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is capable of large-scale transmission and has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 may experience persistent long-term health issues, known as long COVID. Both acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID have resulted in persistent negative impacts on global public health. The effective application and development of blood-derived products are important strategies to combat the serious damage caused by COVID-19. Since the emergence of COVID-19, various blood-derived products that target or do not target SARS-CoV-2 have been investigated for therapeutic applications. SARS-CoV-2-targeting blood-derived products, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma, COVID-19 hyperimmune globulin, and recombinant anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunoglobulin G, are virus-targeting and can provide immediate control of viral infection in the short term. Non-SARS-CoV-2-targeting blood-derived products, including intravenous immunoglobulin and human serum albumin exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anticoagulatory properties. Rational use of these products can be beneficial to patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection or long COVID. With evidence accumulated since the pandemic began, we here summarize the progress of blood-derived product therapies for COVID-19, discuss the effective methods and scenarios regarding these therapies, and provide guidance and suggestions for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Wu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.ChengduChina
| | | | - Ding Yu
- Chengdu Rongsheng Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.ChengduChina
- Beijing Tiantan Biological Products Co., Ltd.BeijingChina
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20
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Huang PC, Lin TY, Chen CC, Wang SW, Tsai BY, Tsai PJ, Tu YF, Ko WC, Cheng CM, Shieh CC, Liu CC, Shen CF. Age and prior vaccination determine the antibody level in children with primary SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2023; 56:1187-1197. [PMID: 37739902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection relies on immunity generated after primary infection. However, humoral immunity following primary infection with the Omicron variant is not well understood. METHODS We prospectively recruited children <19 years with virologically-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at National Cheng Kung University Hospital from February 2022 to September 2022 during the first wave of Omicron BA.2 outbreak in Taiwan. Serum samples were collected one month after acute infection to measure anti-spike protein receptor binding domain antibody levels and surrogate virus neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels against wild type disease and variants. RESULTS Of the 164 patients enrolled, most were under 5 years (65.2%) with a diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection. Children under 6 months with maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination had higher levels of both anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody (119.0 vs 27.4 U/ml, p < 0.05) and anti-wild type NAb (56.9% vs 27.6% inhibition, p = 0.001) than those without. Children aged 5-12 years with prior vaccination had higher anti-spike antibody, anti-wild type, and anti-Omicron BA.2 NAb levels than those without (all p < 0.05). In previously naïve children without maternal or self-vaccination, those 6 months to 2 years had the highest antibody levels. Multivariable linear regression analysis showed age was the only independent factor associated with antibody level. CONCLUSIONS In our study, children aged 6 months to 2 years have the highest antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. Age and prior vaccination are the main factors influencing the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bo-Yang Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Fang Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Fen Shen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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21
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Mazzaracchio V, Rios Maciel M, Porto Santos T, Toda-Peters K, Shen AQ. Duplex Electrochemical Microfluidic Sensor for COVID-19 Antibody Detection: Natural versus Vaccine-Induced Humoral Response. Small 2023; 19:e2207731. [PMID: 36916701 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The rapid transmission and resilience of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led to urgent demands in monitoring humoral response for effective vaccine development, thus a multiplex co-detection platform to discriminate infection-induced from vaccine-induced antibodies is needed. Here a duplex electrochemical immunosensor for co-detection of anti-nucleocapsid IgG (N-IgG) and anti-spike IgG (S-IgG) is developed by using a two-working electrode system, via an indirect immunoassay, with antibody quantification obtained by differential pulse voltammetry. The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are modified by carbon black and electrodeposited gold nanoflowers for maximized surface areas, enabling the construction of an immunological chain for S-IgG and N-IgG electrochemical detection with enhanced performance. Using an optimized immunoassay protocol, a wide linear range between 30-750 and 20-1000 ng mL-1 , and a limit of detection of 28 and 15 ng mL-1 are achieved to detect N-IgG and S-IgG simultaneously in serum samples. This duplex immunosensor is then integrated in a microfluidic device to obtain significantly reduced detection time (≤ 7 min) while maintaining its analytical performance. The duplex microfluidic immunosensor can be easily expanded into multiplex format to achieve high throughput screening for the sero-surveillance of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mazzaracchio
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome "Tor Vergata,", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauricio Rios Maciel
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Tatiana Porto Santos
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Kazumi Toda-Peters
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
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22
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O’Reilly S, Kenny G, Alrawahneh T, Francois N, Gu L, Angeliadis M, de Masson d’Autume V, Garcia Leon A, Feeney ER, Yousif O, Cotter A, de Barra E, Horgan M, Mallon PWG, Gautier V. Development of a novel medium throughput flow-cytometry based micro-neutralisation test for SARS-CoV-2 with applications in clinical vaccine trials and antibody screening. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294262. [PMID: 38033116 PMCID: PMC10688860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying neutralising capacity of circulating SARS-COV-2 antibodies is critical in evaluating protective humoral immune responses generated post-infection/post-vaccination. Here we describe a novel medium-throughput flow cytometry-based micro-neutralisation test to evaluate Neutralising Antibody (NAb) responses against live SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type and Variants of Concern (VOC) in convalescent/vaccinated populations. Flow Cytometry-Based Micro-Neutralisation Test (Micro-NT) was performed in 96-well plates using clinical isolates WT-B, WT-B.1.177.18 and/or VOCs Beta and Omicron. Plasma samples (All Ireland Infectious Diseases (AIID) Cohort) were serially diluted (8 points, half-log) from 1:20 and pre-incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (1h, 37°C). Virus-plasma mixture were added onto Vero E6 or Vero E6/TMPRSS2 cells for 18h. Percentage infected cells was analysed by automated flow cytometry following trypsinisation, fixation and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein intracellular staining. Half-maximal Neutralisation Titres (NT50) were determined using non-linear regression. Our assay was compared to Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test (PRNT) and validated against the First WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Both Micro-NT and PRNT achieved comparable NT50 values. Further validation showed adequate correlation with PRNT using a panel of secondary standards of clinical convalescent and vaccinated plasma samples. We found the assay to be reproducible through measuring both repeatability and intermediate precision. Screening 190 convalescent samples and 11 COVID-19 naive controls (AIID cohort) we demonstrated that Micro-NT has broad dynamic range differentiating NT50s <1/20 to >1/5000. We could also characterise immune-escape VOC Beta and Omicron BA.5, achieving fold-reductions in neutralising capacity similar to those published. Our flow cytometry-based Micro-NT is a robust and reliable assay to quantify NAb titres, and has been selected as an endpoint in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie O’Reilly
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tamara Alrawahneh
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Francois
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lili Gu
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Angeliadis
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valentin de Masson d’Autume
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Garcia Leon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin R. Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Endocrinology Department, Wexford General Hospital, Carricklawn, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick W. G. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginie Gautier
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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23
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Kenny G, O'Reilly S, Wrigley Kelly N, Negi R, Gaillard C, Alalwan D, Saini G, Alrawahneh T, Francois N, Angeliadis M, Garcia Leon AA, Tinago W, Feeney ER, Cotter AG, de Barra E, Yousif O, Horgan M, Doran P, Stemler J, Koehler P, Cox RJ, O'Shea D, Olesen OF, Landay A, Hogan AE, Lelievre JD, Gautier V, Cornely OA, Mallon PWG. Distinct receptor binding domain IgG thresholds predict protective host immunity across SARS-CoV-2 variants and time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7015. [PMID: 37919289 PMCID: PMC10622572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies provide protection against COVID-19. Evidence from early vaccine trials suggested binding antibody thresholds could serve as surrogate markers of neutralising capacity, but whether these thresholds predict sufficient neutralising capacity against variants of concern (VOCs), and whether this is impacted by vaccine or infection history remains unclear. Here we analyse individuals recovered from, vaccinated or with hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An NT50 ≥ 100 IU confers protection in vaccine trials, however, as VOC induce a reduction in NT50, we use NT50 ≥ 1000 IU as a cut off for WT NT50 that would retain neutralisation against VOC. In unvaccinated convalescent participants, a receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG of 456 BAU/mL predicts an NT50 against WT of 1000 IU with an accuracy of 80% (95%CI 73-86%). This threshold maintains accuracy in determining loss of protective immunity against VOC in two vaccinated cohorts. It predicts an NT50 < 100 IU against Beta with an accuracy of 80% (95%CI 67-89%) in 2 vaccine dose recipients. In booster vaccine recipients with a history of COVID-19 (hybrid immunity), accuracy is 87% (95%CI 77-94%) in determining an NT50 of <100 IU against BA.5. This analysis provides a discrete threshold that could be used in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Sophie O'Reilly
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Neil Wrigley Kelly
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
| | - Riya Negi
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Colette Gaillard
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dana Alalwan
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gurvin Saini
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tamara Alrawahneh
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nathan Francois
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Matthew Angeliadis
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Abner Garcia Leon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Willard Tinago
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin R Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Aoife G Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9, Ireland
- Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Endocrinology Department, Wexford General Hospital, Carricklawn, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Co Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jannik Stemler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine and University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne Department Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Koehler
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine and University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne Department Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rebecca Jane Cox
- Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Donal O'Shea
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ole F Olesen
- European Vaccine Initiative, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alan Landay
- Department of internal Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Andrew E Hogan
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co Kildare, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | | | - Virginie Gautier
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oliver A Cornely
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine and University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Cologne, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne Department Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick W G Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
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El Abdellati K, Lucas A, Perron H, Tamouza R, Nkam I, Richard JR, Fried S, Barau C, Djonouma N, Pinot A, Fourati S, Rodriguez C, Coppens V, Meyer U, Morrens M, De Picker L, Leboyer M. High unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 exposure of newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric patients. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:500-510. [PMID: 37741299 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pre-existing mental disorders are at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse outcomes, and severe mental illness, including mood and psychosis spectrum disorders, is associated with increased mortality risk. Despite their increased risk profile, patients with severe mental illness have been understudied during the pandemic, with limited estimates of exposure in inpatient settings. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to describe the SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and antibody titers, and pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations of newly admitted or hospitalized psychiatric inpatients without known history of COVID-19 infection, using robust quantitative multi-antigen assessments, and compare patients' exposure to that of hospital staff. METHODS This multi-centric, cross-sectional study compared SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers of 285 patients (University Psychiatric Centre Duffel [UPCD] N = 194; Assistance-Publique-Hopitaux de Paris [AP-HP] N = 91), and 192 hospital caregivers (UPCD N = 130; AP-HP N = 62) at two large psychiatric care facilities between January 1st and the May 30th 2021. Serum levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies against Spike proteins (full length), spike subunit 1 (S1), spike subunit 2 (S2), spike subunit 1 receptor binding domain (S1-RBD) and Nucleocapsid proteins were quantitatively determined using an advanced capillary Western Blot technique. To assess the robustness of the between-group seroprevalence differences, we performed sensitivity analyses with stringent cut-offs for seropositivity. We also assessed peripheral concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-a using ELLA assays. Secondary analyses included comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient diagnostic subgroups, and between newly admitted (hospitalization ≤ 7 days) and hospitalized patients (hospitalization > 7 days) and correlations between serological and cytokines. RESULTS Patients had a significantly higher SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence (67.85 % [95% CI 62.20-73.02]) than hospital caregivers (27.08% [95% CI 21.29-33.77]), and had significantly higher global SARS-CoV-2 titers (F = 29.40, df = 2, p < 0.0001). Moreover, patients had a 2.51-fold (95% CI 1.95-3.20) higher SARS-CoV-2 exposure risk compared to hospital caregivers (Fisher's exact test, P < 0.0001). No difference was found in SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and titers between patient subgroups. Patients could be differentiated most accurately from hospital caregivers by their higher Spike protein titers (OR 136.54 [95% CI 43.08-481.98], P < 0.0001), lower S1 (OR 0.06 [95% CI 0.02-0.15], P < 0.0001) titers and higher IL-6 (OR 3.41 [95% CI 1.73-7.24], P < 0.0001) and TNF-α (OR 34.29 [95% CI 5.00-258.87], P < 0.0001) and lower titers of IL-8 (OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.05-0.30], P < 0.0001). Seropositive patients had significantly higher SARS-COV-2 antibody titers compared to seropositive hospital caregivers (F = 19.53, df = 2, P < 0.0001), while titers were not different in seronegative individuals. Pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations were not associated with serological status. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrated a very high unrecognized exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among newly admitted and hospitalized psychiatric inpatients, which is cause for concern in the context of highly robust evidence of adverse outcomes following COVID-19 in psychiatric patients. Attention should be directed toward monitoring and mitigating exposure to infectious agents within psychiatric hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K El Abdellati
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium.
| | - A Lucas
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), plateau We-Met, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - H Perron
- GeNeuro, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland; Geneuro-Innovation, Lyon, France
| | - R Tamouza
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University, Fondation FondaMental, 94010 Créteil, France; ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network
| | - I Nkam
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University, Fondation FondaMental, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - J-R Richard
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University, Fondation FondaMental, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S Fried
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), plateau We-Met, Inserm UMR1297 and Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - C Barau
- Plateforme de resources biologiques, Hôpital Universitaire Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - N Djonouma
- Département Hospitalo-Universitaire de psychiatrie et d'addictologie des hopitaux Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - A Pinot
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University, Fondation FondaMental, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - S Fourati
- Department of Virology, INSERM U955, Team « Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer », Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - C Rodriguez
- Department of Virology, INSERM U955, Team « Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer », Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Créteil, France
| | - V Coppens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - U Meyer
- ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Morrens
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium
| | - L De Picker
- Collaborative Antwerp Psychiatric Research Institute (CAPRI), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Scientific Initiative of Neuropsychiatric and Psychopharmacological Studies (SINAPS), University Psychiatric Centre Duffel, Duffel, Belgium; ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network
| | - M Leboyer
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University, Fondation FondaMental, 94010 Créteil, France; ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network
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Richel E, Wagner JT, Klessing S, Di Vincenzo R, Temchura V, Überla K. Antigen-dependent modulation of immune responses to antigen-Fc fusion proteins by Fc-effector functions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1275193. [PMID: 37868961 PMCID: PMC10585040 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fc-fusion proteins have been successfully developed for therapeutic purposes, but are also a promising platform for the fast generation and purification of immunogens capable of inducing strong humoral immune responses in preclinical immunization studies. As the Fc-portion of immunoglobulins fused to an antigen confers functional properties of the parental antibody, such as dimerization, binding to Fc-receptors and complement activation, several studies reported that Fc-fusion proteins elicit stronger antigen-specific antibody responses than the unfused antigen. However, dimerization or half-life extension of an antigen have also been described to enhance immunogenicity. Methods To explore the role of Fc-effector functions for the immunogenicity of fusions proteins of viral glycoproteins and Fc fragments, the HIV-1 gp120 and the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 were fused to the wild type muIgG2a Fc fragment or mutants with impaired (LALA-PG) or improved (GASDIE) Fc-effector functions. Results Immunization of BALB/c mice with DNA vaccines encoding gp120 - Fc LALA-PG induced significantly higher antigen-specific antibody responses than gp120 - Fc WT and GASDIE. In contrast, immunization with DNA vaccines encoding the RBD fused to the same Fc mutants, resulted in comparable anti-RBD antibody levels and similar neutralization activity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusion Depending on the antigen, Fc-effector functions either do not modulate or suppress the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding Fc-antigen fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Richel
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Überla
- Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wu M, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang X, Liang T, Chen L, Huang T, Li Y, Zheng C, Yang Y, Wang J, Yu X, Guo L, Yang J, Ren L. Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody-associated antigenic peptides signature using proteome microarray. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e361. [PMID: 37667740 PMCID: PMC10475218 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The profile of antibodies against antigenic epitopes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during neutralizing antibody (NAb) decay has not been clarified. Using a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray that contained viral antigenic peptides, we analyzed the characteristics of the humoral response in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a longitudinal study. A total of 89 patients were recruited, and 226 plasma samples were serially collected in 2020. In the antigenic peptide microarray, the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against peptides within the S2 subunit (S-82) and a conserved gene region in variants of interest, open reading frame protein 10 (ORF10-3), were closely associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. In an independent evaluation cohort of 232 plasma samples collected from 116 COVID-19 cases in 2020, S82-IgG titers were higher in NAbs-positive samples (p = 0.002) than in NAbs-negative samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We further collected 66 plasma samples from another cohort infected by Omicron BA.1 virus in 2022. Compared with the samples with lower S82-IgG titers, NAb titers were significantly higher in the samples with higher S82-IgG titers (p = 0.04). Our findings provide insights into the understanding of the decay-associated signatures of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Te Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yehong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Yoo J, Kim Y, Cha YM, Lee J, Jeong YJ, Kim SH, Maragakis LL, Lee S. Heterologous vaccination (ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2) induces a better immune response against the omicron variant than homologous vaccination. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1537-1543. [PMID: 37562081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has seen the emergence of numerous novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In this study, we compared the efficacy of three different forms of immunization against the wild-type, delta, and omicron variants of the virus: two doses of the BNT or AZ vaccine (BNT/BNT or AZ/AZ) as homologous vaccination, three doses of AZ/AZ/BNT as heterologous vaccination, and naturally occurring immunization in severe COVID-19 cases. METHODS We collected serum samples from vaccine recipients (67 receiving BNT/BNT, 111 receiving AZ/AZ, and 18 receiving AZ/AZ/BNT) and 46 patients who were admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19. Blood samples were taken one month after the last injection and the efficacy of the vaccination was determined using the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), with a positive result defined as an inhibition rate of over 30%. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were taken at various points during their hospitalization and tested for inhibition rates. RESULTS Our results indicated that there was no notable difference in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) in vaccine recipients and patients against the wild-type and delta variants. However, when it came to the omicron variant, the vaccine recipients had significantly lower nAb titers. Among the vaccine recipients, those who received a booster dose of BNT after their first two doses of AZ (AZ/AZ/BNT) demonstrated the highest level of protection against the omicron variant at 44.4%, followed closely by the COVID-19 patients. In analyzing the serial samples taken from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we observed that their inhibition rates against the wild-type and delta variants improved over time, while the inhibition rate against the omicron variant decreased. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that heterologous booster vaccination after primary vaccination produces higher nAb titers and provides a higher level of protection against the omicron variant compared to primary vaccination alone. This protective effect was similar to that observed in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Yoo
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younjeong Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yu Mi Cha
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Jeong
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lisa L Maragakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seungok Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Mishra KP, Singh M, Saraswat D, Singh S. Development of ELISA-Based Assay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody. Viral Immunol 2023; 36:495-502. [PMID: 37643285 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2023.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulates the plasma B cells to secrete specific antibodies against the viral antigen. However, not all antibodies can prevent the virus from entering the cells. The subpopulation of antibodies which blocks the entry of the virus into host cells is termed neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The gold standard test for the detection of NAbs is the viral plaque reduction and neutralization test; however, various other methods can also be utilized to detect NAbs. In this study, we have developed an Enzyme Linked Immunosobent Assay (ELISA)-based protocol for rapid detection of SARS CoV-2 NAb by inhibiting the binding of the spike protein receptor-binding domain to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and compared it with cPASS neutralizing antibody kit, which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The results obtained suggest that the in-house ELISA developed for the detection of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 is rapid and reliable. Compared to FDA-approved GenScript's cPass assay, the specificity and the sensitivity of the in-house-developed ELISA kit were 100% (95% confidence intervals of 69.15-100.00) and 96% (95% confidence intervals of 86.29-99.51), respectively. Thus, the ELISA protocol developed to test the neutralizing activities of antibodies is rapid, which requires a BSL-2 infrastructure facility and can be easily performed. It has very high potential applications in the rapid screening of NAb against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Mishra
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Mrinalini Singh
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Deepika Saraswat
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
| | - Somnath Singh
- Immunomodulation Laboratory, Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences, Delhi, India
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Dou D, Zhang F, Deng X, Ma Y, Wang S, Ji X, Zhu X, Wang D, Zhang S, Zhao L. Efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving anti-TNF therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19609. [PMID: 37810049 PMCID: PMC10558877 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives There are concerns about the serological responses to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, particularly those receiving anti-TNF therapy. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. We calculated pooled seroconversion rate after COVID-19 vaccination and subgroup analysis for vaccine types and different treatments were performed. Additionally, we estimated pooled rate of T cell response, neutralization response, and breakthrough infections in this population. Results 32 studies were included in the meta-analysis. IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy had relatively high overall seroconversion rate after complete vaccination, with no statistical difference in antibody responses associated with different drug treatments. The pooled positivity rate of T cell response was 0.85 in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. Compared with healthy controls, the positivity of neutralization assays was significantly lower in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. The pooled rate of breakthrough infections in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy was 0.04. Conclusions COVID-19 vaccines have shown good efficacy in IBD patients receiving anti-TNF therapy. However, IBD patients receiving anti-TNF have a relatively high rate of breakthrough infections and a low level of neutralization response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dou
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Fangyi Zhang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyu Ji
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Xihan Zhu
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Dianpeng Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shengsheng Zhang
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.23, Back Street, Art Museum, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
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30
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Dimitroff SJ, Würfel L, Meier M, Faig KE, Benz ABE, Denk B, Bentele UU, Unternaehrer E, Pruessner JC. Estimation of antibody levels after COVID-19 vaccinations: Preliminary evidence for immune interoception. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108636. [PMID: 37544268 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, 72 % of the world's population has received at least one COVID-19 vaccination. The number of antibodies produced by some individuals is exponentially higher than in others, for various mostly unknown reasons. This variation causes great diversity in the future susceptibility to infection by the original or variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The following study investigated whether individuals were able to estimate the strength of their antibody response after their COVID-19 vaccinations. 166 recently vaccinated participants provided a blood sample for determination of antibody titers. Participants were asked to estimate how many antibodies they thought they had produced, and were further asked how protected they felt from COVID-19 due to vaccination. Both self-rated antibody levels, and feelings of protection against COVID-19 were significantly related to their actual IgG spike antibody titers, after controlling for age, days since vaccination, BMI and cross vaccination. These results suggest that individuals may have a form of "immune interoception" which relates to their response to their COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie J Dimitroff
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany.
| | - Lisa Würfel
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Maria Meier
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany; Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Kelly E Faig
- Department of Psychology, Hamilton College, NY 13323, USA
| | - Annika B E Benz
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Bernadette Denk
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany; Centre for Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Ulrike U Bentele
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
| | - Eva Unternaehrer
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany; Child and Adolescent Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4001, Switzerland
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany; Centre for Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78464, Germany
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Liu H, Aviszus K, Zelarney P, Liao SY, Gerber AN, Make B, Wechsler ME, Marrack P, Reinhardt RL. Vaccine-elicited B- and T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is impaired in chronic lung disease patients. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00400-2023. [PMID: 37583809 PMCID: PMC10423317 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00400-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provides significant protection from coronavirus disease 2019, the protection afforded to individuals with chronic lung disease is less well established. This study seeks to understand how chronic lung disease impacts SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-elicited immunity. Methods Deep immune phenotyping of humoral and cell-mediated responses to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was performed in patients with asthma, COPD and interstitial lung disease (ILD) compared to healthy controls. Results 48% of vaccinated patients with chronic lung diseases had reduced antibody titres to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antigen relative to healthy controls. Vaccine antibody titres were significantly reduced among asthma (p<0.035), COPD (p<0.022) and a subset of ILD patients as early as 3-4 months after vaccination, correlating with decreased vaccine-specific memory B-cells in circulation. Vaccine-specific memory T-cells were significantly reduced in patients with asthma (CD8+ p<0.004; CD4+ p<0.023) and COPD (CD8+ p<0.008) compared to healthy controls. Impaired T-cell responsiveness was also observed in a subset of ILD patients (CD8+ 21.4%; CD4+ 42.9%). Additional heterogeneity between healthy and disease cohorts was observed among bulk and vaccine-specific follicular T-helper cells. Conclusions Deep immune phenotyping of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response revealed the complex nature of vaccine-elicited immunity and highlights the need for more personalised vaccination schemes in patients with underlying lung conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Katja Aviszus
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Shu-Yi Liao
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Anthony N. Gerber
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Barry Make
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Michael E. Wechsler
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R. Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Singh G, Abbad A, Tcheou J, Mendu DR, Firpo-Betancourt A, Gleason C, Srivastava K, Cordon-Cardo C, Simon V, Krammer F, Carreño JM. Binding and Avidity Signatures of Polyclonal Sera From Individuals With Different Exposure Histories to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection, Vaccination, and Omicron Breakthrough Infections. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:564-575. [PMID: 37104046 PMCID: PMC10469125 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of exposures to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to vaccine antigens affect the magnitude and avidity of the polyclonal response. METHODS We studied binding and avidity of different antibody isotypes to the spike, the receptor-binding domain (RBD), and the nucleoprotein (NP) of wild-type (WT) and BA.1 SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent, mRNA vaccinated and/or boosted, hybrid immune individuals and in individuals with breakthrough cases during the peak of the BA.1 wave. RESULTS We found an increase in spike-binding antibodies and antibody avidity with increasing number of exposures to infection and/or vaccination. NP antibodies were detectible in convalescent individuals and a proportion of breakthrough cases, but they displayed low avidity. Omicron breakthrough infections elicited high levels of cross-reactive antibodies between WT and BA.1 antigens in vaccinated individuals without prior infection directed against the spike and RBD. The magnitude of the antibody response and avidity correlated with neutralizing activity against WT virus. CONCLUSIONS The magnitude and quality of the antibody response increased with the number of antigenic exposures, including breakthrough infections. However, cross-reactivity of the antibody response after BA.1 breakthroughs, was affected by the number of prior exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anass Abbad
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johnstone Tcheou
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Demodara Rao Mendu
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adolfo Firpo-Betancourt
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Gleason
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Komal Srivastava
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Cordon-Cardo
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Ferrantelli F, Manfredi F, Chiozzini C, Leone P, Pugliese K, Spada M, Di Virgilio A, Giovannelli A, Valeri M, Cara A, Michelini Z, Andreotti M, Federico M. SARS-CoV-2-Specific CD8 + T-Cells in Blood but Not in the Lungs of Vaccinated K18-hACE2 Mice after Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1433. [PMID: 37766110 PMCID: PMC10535545 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 enters the host by infecting nasal ciliated cells. Then, the virus can spread towards the oropharyngeal cavity and the pulmonary tissues. The antiviral adaptive immunity is promptly induced in response to the virus's detection, with virus-specific T-lymphocytes appearing before antiviral antibodies. Both the breadth and potency of antiviral CD8+ T-cell immunity have a key role in containing viral spread and disease severity. Current anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines do not impede the virus's replication in the upper respiratory tract, and there is consensus on the fact that the best potency of the antiviral immune response in both blood and the upper respiratory tract can be reached upon infection in vaccinees (i.e., breakthrough infection). However, whether the antiviral CD8+ T-cells developing in response to the breakthrough infection in the upper respiratory tract diffuse to the lungs is also still largely unknown. To fill the gap, we checked the CD8+ T-cell immunity elicited after infection of K18-hACE2 transgenic mice both at 3 weeks and 3 months after anti-spike vaccination. Virus-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity was monitored in both blood and the lungs before and after infection. By investigating the de novo generation of the CD8+ T-cells specific for SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, we found that both membrane (M) and/or nucleocapsid (N)-specific CD8+ T-cells were induced at comparable levels in the blood of both unvaccinated and vaccinated mice. Conversely, N-specific CD8+ T-cells were readily found in the lungs of the control mice but were either rare or absent in those of vaccinated mice. These results support the idea that the hybrid cell immunity developing after asymptomatic/mild breakthrough infection strengthens the antiviral cell immunity in the lungs only marginally, implying that the direct exposition of viral antigens is required for the induction of an efficient antiviral cell immunity in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Ferrantelli
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Francesco Manfredi
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Chiara Chiozzini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Patrizia Leone
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Katherina Pugliese
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Massimo Spada
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Giovannelli
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Mauro Valeri
- National Center for Animal Experimentation and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (M.S.); (A.D.V.); (A.G.); (M.V.)
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Mauro Andreotti
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Maurizio Federico
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.F.); (F.M.); (C.C.); (P.L.); (K.P.); (A.C.); (Z.M.); (M.A.)
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Jay C, Adland E, Csala A, Dold C, Edmans M, Hackstein CP, Jamsen A, Lim N, Longet S, Ogbe A, Sampson O, Skelly D, Spiller OB, Stafford L, Thompson CP, Turtle L, Barnes E, Dunachie S, Carroll M, Klenerman P, Conlon C, Goulder P, Jones LC. Cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following intrafamilial exposure in seronegative family members. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1248658. [PMID: 37711627 PMCID: PMC10497976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1248658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Family studies of antiviral immunity provide an opportunity to assess virus-specific immunity in infected and highly exposed individuals, as well as to examine the dynamics of viral infection within families. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 between family members represented a major route for viral spread during the early stages of the pandemic, due to the nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through close contacts. Methods Here, humoral and cellular immunity is explored in 264 SARS-CoV-2 infected, exposed or unexposed individuals from 81 families in the United Kingdom sampled in the winter of 2020 before widespread vaccination and infection. Results We describe robust cellular and humoral immunity into COVID-19 convalescence, albeit with marked heterogeneity between families and between individuals. T-cell response magnitude is associated with male sex and older age by multiple linear regression. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in seronegative individuals are widespread, particularly in adults and in individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 through an infected family member. The magnitude of this response is associated with the number of seropositive family members, with a greater number of seropositive individuals within a family leading to stronger T-cell immunity in seronegative individuals. Discussion These results support a model whereby exposure to SARS-CoV-2 promotes T-cell immunity in the absence of an antibody response. The source of these seronegative T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested as cross-reactive immunity to endemic coronaviruses that is expanded upon SARS-CoV-2 exposure. However, in this study, no association between HCoV-specific immunity and seronegative T-cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is identified, suggesting that de novo T-cell immunity may be generated in seronegative SARS-CoV-2 exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Jay
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Adland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Csala
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Edmans
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anni Jamsen
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Lim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ane Ogbe
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Sampson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Donal Skelly
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Owen B. Spiller
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Lizzie Stafford
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P. Thompson
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lance Turtle
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Ellie Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Carroll
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Conlon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. Jones
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Izac JR, Kwee EJ, Tian L, Elsheikh E, Gaigalas AK, Elliott JT, Wang L. Development of a Cell-Based SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Neutralization Assay Using Imaging and Flow Cytometry Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12332. [PMID: 37569707 PMCID: PMC10418775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is an ongoing, global pandemic caused by the novel, highly infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus. Efforts to mitigate the effects of SARS-CoV-2, such as mass vaccination and development of monoclonal therapeutics, require precise measurements of correlative, functional neutralizing antibodies that block virus infection. The development of rapid, safe, and easy-to-use neutralization assays is essential for faster diagnosis and treatment. Here, we developed a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based neutralization assay with two readout methods, imaging and flow cytometry, that were capable of quantifying varying degrees of neutralization in patient serum samples. We tested two different spike-pseudoviruses and conducted a time-course assay at multiple multiplicities of infection (MOIs) to optimize the assay workflow. The results of this assay correlate with the results of previously developed serology and surrogate neutralization assays. The two pseudovirus readout methods produced similar values of 50% neutralization titer values. Harvest-free in situ readouts for live-cell imaging and high-throughput analysis results for flow cytometry can provide unique capabilities for fast evaluation of neutralization, which is critical for the mitigation of future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerilyn R. Izac
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (A.K.G.); (J.T.E.); (L.W.)
| | - Edward J. Kwee
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; (L.T.); (E.E.); (A.K.G.); (J.T.E.); (L.W.)
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Barrios MH, Nicholson S, Bull RA, Martinello M, Rawlinson W, Mina M, Post JJ, Hudson B, Gilroy N, Lloyd AR, Konecny P, Mordant F, Catton M, Subbarao K, Caly L, Druce J, Netter HJ. Comparative Longitudinal Serological Study of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Profiles in People with COVID-19. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1985. [PMID: 37630545 PMCID: PMC10458948 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological diagnostic assays are essential tools for determining an individual's protection against viruses like SARS-CoV-2, tracking the spread of the virus in the community, and evaluating population immunity. To assess the diversity and quality of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, we have compared the antibody profiles of people with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19 using a dot blot assay. The test targeted the four major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2, namely the nucleocapsid (N), spike (S) protein domains S1 and S2, and receptor-binding domain (RBD). Serum samples were collected from 63 participants at various time points for up to 300 days after disease onset. The dot blot assay revealed patient-specific differences in the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody profiles. Out of the 63 participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and clinical COVID-19, 35/63 participants exhibited diverse and robust responses against the tested antigens, while 14/63 participants displayed either limited responses to a subset of antigens or no detectable antibody response to any of the antigens. Anti-N-specific antibody levels decreased within 300 days after disease onset, whereas anti-S-specific antibodies persisted. The dynamics of the antibody response did not change during the test period, indicating stable antibody profiles. Among the participants, 28/63 patients with restricted anti-S antibody profiles or undetectable anti-S antibody levels in the dot blot assay also exhibited weak neutralization activity, as measured by a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and a microneutralization test. These results indicate that in some cases, natural infections do not lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, the study revealed significant serological variability among patients, regardless of the severity of their COVID-19 illness. These differences need to be carefully considered when evaluating the protective antibody status of individuals who have experienced primary SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilou H. Barrios
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Suellen Nicholson
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Rowena A. Bull
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marianne Martinello
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
| | - William Rawlinson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- Serology and Virology Division, Department of Microbiology, New South Wales Health Pathology, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
| | - Michael Mina
- Northern Beaches Hospital, Frenchs Forest, NSW 2086, Australia;
| | - Jeffrey J. Post
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia;
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Bernard Hudson
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia;
| | | | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (R.A.B.); (M.M.); (A.R.L.)
| | - Pamela Konecny
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Francesca Mordant
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mike Catton
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Leon Caly
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Julian Druce
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
| | - Hans J. Netter
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (M.H.B.); (S.N.); (M.C.); (L.C.); (J.D.)
- Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (F.M.); (K.S.)
- School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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Bang MS, Kim CM, Cho NH, Seo JW, Kim DY, Yun NR, Kim DM. Evaluation of humoral immune response in relation to COVID-19 severity over 1 year post-infection: critical cases higher humoral immune response than mild cases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1203803. [PMID: 37545518 PMCID: PMC10401267 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1203803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. We investigated the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 until 1 year after symptom onset. Methods We collected 314 serum samples from 97 patients with COVID-19. Antibody responses were tested using an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to detect specific neutralizing antibodies. Results The positivity rates for neutralizing antibodies at a 1:10 titer cutoff were 58.1% at 1 week, 97.8% at 4 weeks, and 78% at 1 year after symptom onset (53.8% in asymptomatic patients and 89.3% in symptomatic patients). The IFA and anti-S1 ELISA IgG results significantly correlated with neutralizing antibody titers. Critical/fatal cases showed significantly higher antibody titers than the asymptomatic or mild-to-moderate illness groups. Nonetheless, the median number of days to the seroconversion of neutralizing antibodies was 10 and 15 in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, respectively. The asymptomatic group had a significantly higher neutralizing potency index than the mild-to-severe illness groups. Conclusions Neutralizing antibodies corresponded to earlier seroconversion but had a shorter presence in the asymptomatic group than in the symptomatic group and were still present 1 year after symptom onset in critical/fatal cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Seon Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Mee Kim
- Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Ra Yun
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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38
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Ng E, Choi C, Wang SX. Longitudinal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers in vaccinees using a novel giant magnetoresistive (GMR) assay. Sens Actuators B Chem 2023; 387:133773. [PMID: 37056483 PMCID: PMC10072976 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2023.133773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to monitor important correlates of immunity on a population-wide level. To this end, we have developed a competitive assay to assess neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer on the giant magnetoresistive (GMR) biosensor platform. We compared the clinical performance of our biosensor with established techniques such as Ortho's VITROS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Quantitative Antibody test. Results obtained between the VITROS test and the GMR assay showed correlation (r = -0.93). We then validated the assay with patient plasma samples that had been tested using focus reduction neutralization testing (FRNT). The results obtained from our GMR assay exhibit a previously identified trend of increased NAb titers 2 weeks post-vaccination. We further evaluated NAb titers 6 months post-vaccination and observed waning neutralizing antibody titers over that time in vaccinated patients. In addition, we calibrated our assay to an arbitrary unit (IU/mL) using World Health Organization (WHO) reference plasma provided by the National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC). Our biosensor provides highly specific and sensitive results in serum and plasma with analytical, clinical, and point-of-care (POC) applications due to quick turnaround times on samples and the cost-effectiveness of the platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Ng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shan X Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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39
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Reuter N, Chen X, Kropff B, Peter AS, Britt WJ, Mach M, Überla K, Thomas M. SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Is Capable of Inducing Cell-Cell Fusions Independent from Its Receptor ACE2 and This Activity Can Be Impaired by Furin Inhibitors or a Subset of Monoclonal Antibodies. Viruses 2023; 15:1500. [PMID: 37515187 PMCID: PMC10384293 DOI: 10.3390/v15071500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, efficiently spreads cell-to-cell through mechanisms facilitated by its membrane glycoprotein spike. We established a dual split protein (DSP) assay based on the complementation of GFP and luciferase to quantify the fusogenic activity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We provide several lines of evidence that the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, but not SARS-CoV-1, induced cell-cell fusion even in the absence of its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This poorly described ACE2-independent cell fusion activity of the spike protein was strictly dependent on the proteasomal cleavage of the spike by furin while TMPRSS2 was dispensable. Previous and current variants of concern (VOCs) differed significantly in their fusogenicity. The Delta spike was extremely potent compared to Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Kappa, while the Omicron spike was almost devoid of receptor-independent fusion activity. Nonetheless, for all analyzed variants, cell fusion was dependent on furin cleavage and could be pharmacologically inhibited with CMK. Mapping studies revealed that amino acids 652-1273 conferred the ACE2-independent fusion activity of the spike. Unexpectedly, residues proximal to the furin cleavage site were not of major relevance, whereas residue 655 critically regulated fusion. Finally, we found that the spike's fusion activity in the absence of ACE2 could be inhibited by antibodies directed against its N-terminal domain (NTD) but not by antibodies targeting its receptor-binding domain (RBD). In conclusion, our BSL-1-compatible DSP assay allowed us to screen for inhibitors or antibodies that interfere with the spike's fusogenic activity and may therefore contribute to both rational vaccine design and development of novel treatment options against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reuter
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Kropff
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Antonia Sophia Peter
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - William J Britt
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Neurobiology, Children's Hospital of Alabama, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233-1771, USA
| | - Michael Mach
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Überla
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Thomas
- Virologisches Institut, Klinische und Molekulare Virologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Boumar I, Deliorman M, Sukumar P, Qasaimeh MA. Spike- and nucleocapsid-based gold colloid assay toward the development of an adhesive bandage for rapid SARS-CoV-2 immune response detection and screening. Microsyst Nanoeng 2023; 9:82. [PMID: 37351273 PMCID: PMC10281977 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are important biomarkers used for the diagnosis and screening of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. These antibodies are highly specific to the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This paper outlines the development steps of a novel hybrid (vertical-lateral-vertical) flow assay in the form of a finger-stick point-of-care device, similar to an adhesive bandage, designed for the timely detection and screening of IgM and IgG immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infections. The assay, comprising a vertically stacked plasma/serum separation membrane, conjugate pad, and detection (readout) zone, utilizes gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with SARS-CoV-2 S and N proteins to effectively capture IgM and IgG antibodies from a pinprick (~15 µL) of blood in just one step and provides results of no immune IgM-/IgG-, early immune IgM+/IgG-, active immune IgM+/IgG+ or immune IgM-/IgG+ in a short amount of time (minutes). The adhesive bandage-like construction is an example of the design of rapid, low-cost, disposable, and easy-to-use tests for large-scale detection and screening in households. Furthermore, the bandage can be easily adjusted and optimized to detect different viral infections as they arise by simply selecting appropriate antigens related to pandemics and outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Boumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammad A. Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, UAE
- NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, New York, USA
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Hamza S, Martynova E, Garanina E, Shakirova V, Bilalova A, Moiseeva S, Khaertynova I, Ohlopkova O, Blatt N, Markelova M, Khaiboullina S. Neutralizing Antibodies in COVID-19 Serum from Tatarstan, Russia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10181. [PMID: 37373331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The severity of COVID-19 is a result of the complex interplay between various branches of the immune system. However, our understanding of the role of neutralizing antibodies and the activation of cellular immune response in COVID-19 pathogenesis remains limited. In this study, we investigated neutralizing antibodies in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19, analyzing their cross-reactivity with the Wuhan and Omicron variants. We also assessed the activation of the immune response by measuring serum cytokines in patients with mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19. Our findings suggest the early activation of neutralizing antibodies in moderate COVID-19 compared to mild cases. We also observed a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies to the Omicron and Wuhan variants and the severity of the disease. In addition, we found that Th1 lymphocyte activation was present in mild and moderate cases, while inflammasomes and Th17 lymphocytes were activated in severe COVID-19. In conclusion, our data indicate that the early activation of neutralizing antibodies is evident in moderate COVID-19, and there is a strong correlation between the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies and the severity of the disease. Our findings suggest that the Th1 immune response may play a protective role, while inflammasome and Th17 activation may be involved in severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa Hamza
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Martynova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Garanina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Venera Shakirova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alisa Bilalova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Moiseeva
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ilsiyar Khaertynova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kazan State Medical Academy, 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Olesia Ohlopkova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology «Vector» of Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Maria Markelova
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana Khaiboullina
- OpenLab "Gene and Cell Technologies", Kazan Federal University, 420021 Kazan, Russia
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42
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Patel RS, Agrawal B. Mucosal immunization with lipopeptides derived from conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 antigens induce robust cellular and cross-variant humoral immune responses in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1178523. [PMID: 37334376 PMCID: PMC10272440 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1178523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has infected >600 million people in the ongoing global pandemic. Several variants of the SARS-CoV-2 have emerged in the last >2 years, challenging the continued efficacy of current COVID vaccines. Therefore, there is a crucial need to investigate a highly cross-protective vaccine effective against variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we examined seven lipopeptides derived from highly conserved, immunodominant epitopes from the S, N, and M proteins of SARS-CoV-2, that are predicted to contain epitopes for clinically protective B cells, helper T cells (TH) and cytotoxic T cells (CTL). Intranasal immunization of mice with most of the lipopeptides led to significantly higher splenocyte proliferation and cytokine production, mucosal and systemic antibody responses, and induction of effector B and T lymphocytes in both lungs and spleen, compared to immunizations with the corresponding peptides without lipid. Immunizations with Spike-derived lipopeptides led to cross-reactive IgG, IgM and IgA responses against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron Spike proteins as well as neutralizing antibodies. These studies support their potential for development as components of a cross-protective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
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43
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Srinivasan Rajsri K, McRae MP, Christodoulides NJ, Dapkins I, Simmons GW, Matz H, Dooley H, Fenyö D, McDevitt JT. Simultaneous Quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Antigen and Host Antibody Detection and Pre-Screening Strategy at the Point of Care. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:670. [PMID: 37370601 PMCID: PMC10295356 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As COVID-19 pandemic public health measures are easing globally, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains continue to present high risk for vulnerable populations. The antibody-mediated protection acquired from vaccination and/or infection is seen to wane over time and the immunocompromised populations can no longer expect benefit from monoclonal antibody prophylaxis. Hence, there is a need to monitor new variants and its effect on vaccine performance. In this context, surveillance of new SARS-CoV-2 infections and serology testing are gaining consensus for use as screening methods, especially for at-risk groups. Here, we described an improved COVID-19 screening strategy, comprising predictive algorithms and concurrent, rapid, accurate, and quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antigen and host antibody testing strategy, at point of care (POC). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2553 pre- and asymptomatic patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. The pre-screening model had an AUC (CI) of 0.76 (0.73-0.78). Despite being the default method for screening, body temperature had lower AUC (0.52 [0.49-0.55]) compared to case incidence rate (0.65 [0.62-0.68]). POC assays for SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike (S) receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody showed promising preliminary results, demonstrating a convenient, rapid (<20 min), quantitative, and sensitive (ng/mL) antigen/antibody assay. This integrated pre-screening model and simultaneous antigen/antibody approach may significantly improve accuracy of COVID-19 infection and host immunity screening, helping address unmet needs for monitoring vaccine effectiveness and severe disease surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Srinivasan Rajsri
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.S.R.); (M.P.M.); (N.J.C.); (G.W.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Michael P. McRae
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.S.R.); (M.P.M.); (N.J.C.); (G.W.S.)
| | - Nicolaos J. Christodoulides
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.S.R.); (M.P.M.); (N.J.C.); (G.W.S.)
| | - Isaac Dapkins
- Departments of Population Health and Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - Glennon W. Simmons
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.S.R.); (M.P.M.); (N.J.C.); (G.W.S.)
| | - Hanover Matz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (H.D.)
| | - Helen Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (H.M.); (H.D.)
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA;
| | - John T. McDevitt
- Division of Biomaterials, Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University School of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA; (K.S.R.); (M.P.M.); (N.J.C.); (G.W.S.)
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Kolehmainen P, Huttunen M, Iakubovskaia A, Maljanen S, Tauriainen S, Yatkin E, Pasternack A, Naves R, Toivonen L, Tähtinen PA, Ivaska L, Lempainen J, Peltola V, Waris M, Kakkola L, Ritvos O, Julkunen I. Coronavirus spike protein-specific antibodies indicate frequent infections and reinfections in infancy and among BNT162b2-vaccinated healthcare workers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8416. [PMID: 37225867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35471-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections in early childhood and adults has not been well analyzed in longitudinal serological studies. Here we analyzed the changes in HCoV (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2) spike-specific antibody levels in follow-up serum specimens of 140 children at the age of 1, 2, and 3 years, and of 113 healthcare workers vaccinated for Covid-19 with BNT162b2-vaccine. IgG antibody levels against six recombinant HCoV spike subunit 1 (S1) proteins were measured by enzyme immunoassay. We show that by the age of three years the cumulative seropositivity for seasonal HCoVs increased to 38-81% depending on virus type. BNT162b2 vaccinations increased anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 antibodies, but no increase in seasonal coronavirus antibodies associated with vaccinations. In healthcare workers (HCWs), during a 1-year follow-up, diagnostic antibody rises were seen in 5, 4 and 14% of the cases against 229E, NL63 and OC43 viruses, respectively, correlating well with the circulating HCoVs. In 6% of the HCWs, a diagnostic antibody rise was seen against S1 of HKU1, however, these rises coincided with anti-OC43 S1 antibody rises. Rabbit and guinea pig immune sera against HCoV S1 proteins indicated immunological cross-reactivity within alpha-CoV (229E and NL63) and beta-CoV (HKU1 and OC43) genera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moona Huttunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alina Iakubovskaia
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Maljanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Emrah Yatkin
- Central Animal Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rauno Naves
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Toivonen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Paula A Tähtinen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lauri Ivaska
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ville Peltola
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Waris
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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45
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Hill JA, Martens MJ, Young JAH, Bhavsar K, Kou J, Chen M, Lee LW, Baluch A, Dhodapkar MV, Nakamura R, Peyton K, Shahid Z, Armistead P, Westervelt P, McCarty J, McGuirk J, Hamadani M, DeWolf S, Hosszu K, Sharon E, Spahn A, Toor AA, Waldvogel S, Greenberger LM, Auletta JJ, Horowitz MM, Riches ML, Perales MA. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant: a prospective, multicentre, observational study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 59:101983. [PMID: 37128256 PMCID: PMC10133891 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The optimal timing for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines within the first year after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is poorly understood. Methods We conducted a prospective, multicentre, observational study of allogeneic HCT recipients who initiated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations within 12 months of HCT. Participants were enrolled at 22 academic cancer centers across the United States. Participants of any age who were planning to receive a first post-HCT SARS-CoV-2 vaccine within 12 months of HCT were eligible. We obtained blood prior to and after each vaccine dose for up to four vaccine doses, with an end-of-study sample seven to nine months after enrollment. We tested for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-S) IgG; nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) IgG; neutralizing antibodies for Wuhan D614G, Delta B.1.617.2, and Omicron B.1.1.529 strains; and SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). The primary outcome was a comparison of anti-S IgG titers at the post-V2 time point in participants initiating vaccinations <4 months versus 4-12 months after HCT using a propensity-adjusted analysis. We also evaluated factors associated with high-level anti-S IgG titers (≥2403 U/mL) in logistic regression models. Findings Between April 22, 2021 and November 17, 2021, 175 allogeneic HCT recipients were enrolled in the study, of whom all but one received mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and TCR breadth and depth did not significantly differ at all tested time points following the second vaccination among those initiating vaccinations <4 months versus 4-12 months after HCT. Anti-S IgG ≥2403 U/mL correlated with neutralizing antibody levels similar to those observed in a prior study of non-immunocompromised individuals, and 57% of participants achieved anti-S IgG ≥2403 U/mL at the end-of-study time point. In models adjusted for SARS-CoV-2 infection pre-enrollment, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination pre-HCT, CD19+ B-cell count, CD4+ T-cell count, and age (as applicable to the model), vaccine initiation timing was not associated with high-level anti-S IgG titers at the post-V2, post-V3, or end-of-study time points. Notably, prior graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) or use of immunosuppressive medications were not associated with high-level anti-S IgG titers. Grade ≥3 vaccine-associated adverse events were infrequent. Interpretation These data support starting mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination three months after HCT, irrespective of concurrent GVHD or use of immunosuppressive medications. This is one of the largest prospective analyses of vaccination for any pathogen within the first year after allogeneic HCT and supports current guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination starting three months post-HCT. Additionally, there are few studies of mRNA vaccine formulations for other pathogens in HCT recipients, and these data provide encouraging proof-of-concept for the utility of early vaccination targeting additional pathogens with mRNA vaccine platforms. Funding National Marrow Donor Program, Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation, Novartis, LabCorp, American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Adaptive Biotechnologies, and the National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Hill
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael J Martens
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Kavita Bhavsar
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jianqun Kou
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lik Wee Lee
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Corp, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aliyah Baluch
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Zainab Shahid
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Armistead
- University of North Carolina Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter Westervelt
- Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John McCarty
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Susan DeWolf
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kinga Hosszu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elad Sharon
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Spahn
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Amir A Toor
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephanie Waldvogel
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jeffery J Auletta
- National Marrow Donor Program/Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mary M Horowitz
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Marcie L Riches
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Miguel-Angel Perales
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weil Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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46
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Miyazato Y, Tsuzuki S, Matsunaga A, Morioka S, Terada M, Saito S, Iwamoto N, Kutsuna S, Ishizaka Y, Ohmagari N. Association between SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titers and the development of post-COVID conditions: A retrospective observational study. Glob Health Med 2023; 5:106-111. [PMID: 37128226 PMCID: PMC10130543 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2022.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The symptoms that persist after an acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are referred to as post- COVID conditions. Although the cause of post-COVID conditions remains unclear, the host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 may be involved. Hence, we aimed to investigate the effect of serum antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 on the development of post-COVID conditions. We conducted a retrospective observational study of COVID-19-recovered individuals who attended the clinic at the National Center for Global Health and Medicine between January 2020 and April 2021. Serum SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike antibody titers were measured and a questionnaire survey was used to collect information on the presence of post-COVID conditions and demographic characteristics of the participants. Participants were then divided into two groups: high peak antibody titer group [≥ 0.759 OD450 value], and low peak antibody titer group [< 0.759 OD450 value] and compared their frequency of post-COVID conditions. Of 526 individuals attending the clinic, 457 (86.9%) responded to the questionnaire. We analyzed the data of 227 (49.7%) participants with measurements of serum antibody titers during the peak period. The incidence of depressed mood was significantly higher in the group with higher antibody titers (odds ratio: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.17-4.67, p = 0.016). There was no significant difference in the frequency of the remaining symptoms between the two groups. Among post-COVID conditions, the depressed mood was more frequent in the group with high serum antibody titers which suggests a difference in pathogenesis between depressive mood and other post-COVID conditions that requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Miyazato
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Tsuzuki
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Akihiro Matsunaga
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Morioka
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Shinichiro Morioka, Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Mari Terada
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Saito
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Iwamoto
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Department of Infection Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishizaka
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- AMR Clinical Reference Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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47
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Davarci OO, Yang EY, Viguerie A, Yankeelov TE, Lorenzo G. Dynamic parameterization of a modified SEIRD model to analyze and forecast the dynamics of COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. Eng Comput 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37362241 PMCID: PMC10129322 DOI: 10.1007/s00366-023-01816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the numerous outbreaks of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has fueled interest in mathematical models designed to understand and predict infectious disease spread, with the ultimate goal of contributing to the decision making of public health authorities. Here, we propose a computational pipeline that dynamically parameterizes a modified SEIRD (susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-deceased) model using standard daily series of COVID-19 cases and deaths, along with isolated estimates of population-level seroprevalence. We test our pipeline in five heavily impacted states of the US (New York, California, Florida, Illinois, and Texas) between March and August 2020, considering two scenarios with different calibration time horizons to assess the update in model performance as new epidemiologic data become available. Our results show a median normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of 2.38% and 4.28% in calibrating cumulative cases and deaths in the first scenario, and 2.41% and 2.30% when new data are assimilated in the second scenario, respectively. Then, 2-week (4-week) forecasts of the calibrated model resulted in median NRMSE of cumulative cases and deaths of 5.85% and 4.68% (8.60% and 17.94%) in the first scenario, and 1.86% and 1.93% (2.21% and 1.45%) in the second. Additionally, we show that our method provides significantly more accurate predictions of cases and deaths than a constant parameterization in the second scenario (p < 0.05). Thus, we posit that our methodology is a promising approach to analyze the dynamics of infectious disease outbreaks, and that our forecasts could contribute to designing effective pandemic-arresting public health policies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00366-023-01816-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhun O. Davarci
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712-1229 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
| | - Emily Y. Yang
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712-1229 USA
| | | | - Thomas E. Yankeelov
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712-1229 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USA
| | - Guillermo Lorenzo
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E 24th St, Austin, TX 78712-1229 USA
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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48
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Harapan H, Ar Royan H, Tyas II, Nadira A, Abdi IF, Anwar S, Husnah M, Ichsan I, Pranata A, Mudatsir M, Syukri M, Rizal S, . R, . H, Kurniawan R, Irwansyah I, Sofyan SE. Waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain total antibody in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia. F1000Res 2023; 11:300. [PMID: 37260419 PMCID: PMC10209622 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.109676.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The decrease of immunity acquired from COVID-19 vaccines is a potential cause of breakthrough infection. Understanding the dynamics of immune responses of vaccine-induced antibodies post-vaccination is important. This study aimed to measure the level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) total antibody in individuals at different time points upon the receipt of the second dose of CoronaVac vaccine, as well as evaluate the plausible associated factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among CoronaVac-vaccinated residents in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. The level of anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody was measured using Elecsys immunoassay. A set of standardized and validated questionnaires were used to assess the demographics and other associated factors. Results: Our results showed waning anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD total antibody titres over time post-vaccination. Compared to samples of the first month post-vaccination, the antibody titres were significantly lower than those of five-months (mean 184.6 vs. 101.8 U/mL, p = 0.009) and six-months post-vaccination (mean 184.6 vs. 95.59 U/mL, p = 0.001). This suggests that the length of time post-vaccination was negatively correlated with titre of antibody. A protective level of antibody titres (threshold of 15 U/mL) was observed from all the samples vaccinated within one to three months; however, only 73.7% and 78.9% of the sera from five- and six-months possessed the protective titres, respectively. The titre of antibody was found significantly higher in sera of individuals having a regular healthy meal intake compared to those who did not (mean 136.7 vs. 110.4 U/mL, p = 0.044), including in subgroup analysis that included those five to six months post-vaccination only (mean 79.0 vs. 134.5 U/mL, p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study provides insights on the efficacy of CoronaVac vaccine in protecting individuals against SARS-CoV-2 infection over time, which may contribute to future vaccination policy management to improve and prolong protective strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hibban Ar Royan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Islam Ing Tyas
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Auda Nadira
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irham Faraby Abdi
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Anwar
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Milda Husnah
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Ichsan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Pranata
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Mudatsir Mudatsir
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Maimun Syukri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Samsul Rizal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Razali .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Hamdani .
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Kurniawan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Irwansyah Irwansyah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
| | - Sarwo Edhy Sofyan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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49
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Borghi M, Gallinaro A, Pirillo MF, Canitano A, Michelini Z, De Angelis ML, Cecchetti S, Tinari A, Falce C, Mariotti S, Capocefalo A, Chiantore MV, Iacobino A, Di Virgilio A, van Gils MJ, Sanders RW, Lo Presti A, Nisini R, Negri D, Cara A. Different configurations of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein delivered by integrase-defective lentiviral vectors induce persistent functional immune responses, characterized by distinct immunogenicity profiles. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147953. [PMID: 37090707 PMCID: PMC10113491 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several COVID-19 vaccine strategies utilizing new formulations for the induction of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and T cell immunity are still under evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies. Here we used Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-based integrase defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) delivering different conformations of membrane-tethered Spike protein in the mouse immunogenicity model, with the aim of inducing persistent nAbs against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC). Spike modifications included prefusion-stabilizing double proline (2P) substitutions, mutations at the furin cleavage site (FCS), D614G mutation and truncation of the cytoplasmic tail (delta21) of ancestral and Beta (B.1.351) Spike, the latter mutation to markedly improve IDLV membrane-tethering. BALB/c mice were injected once with IDLV delivering the different forms of Spike or the recombinant trimeric Spike protein with 2P substitutions and FCS mutations in association with a squalene-based adjuvant. Anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) binding Abs, nAbs and T cell responses were detected up to six months from a single immunization with escalating doses of vaccines in all mice, but with different levels and kinetics. Results indicated that IDLV delivering the Spike protein with all the combined modifications, outperformed the other candidates in terms of T cell immunity and level of both binding Abs and nAbs soon after the single immunization and persistence over time, showing the best capacity to neutralize all formerly circulating VoC Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta. Although present, the lowest response was detected against Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2 and BA.4/5), suggesting that the magnitude of immune evasion may be related to the higher genetic distance of Omicron as indicated by increased number of amino acid substitutions in Spike acquired during virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Borghi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Canitano
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Zuleika Michelini
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura De Angelis
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinari
- Center for Gender Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Falce
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Mariotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Capocefalo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Iacobino
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Center for Animal Research and Welfare, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Roberto Nisini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donatella Negri, ; Andrea Cara,
| | - Andrea Cara
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Donatella Negri, ; Andrea Cara,
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50
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Vanetti C, Lampasona V, Stracuzzi M, Fenizia C, Biasin M, Saulle I, Limanaqi F, Abdelsalam A, Loretelli C, Paradiso L, Longoni E, Barcellini L, Piemonti L, Marzinotto I, Dispinseri S, Amendola A, Fappani C, Tanzi E, Clerici MS, Scarlatti G, Zuccotti GV, Giacomet V, Trabattoni D. The Immunological Profile of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children Is Linked to Clinical Severity and Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076779. [PMID: 37047752 PMCID: PMC10095251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is clinically less severe in children, even if the wide variety and degree of severity of symptoms reported in children pose a still-unresolved challenge for clinicians. We performed an in-depth analysis of the immunological profiles of 18 hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected children, whose results were compared to those obtained from 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). The patients were categorized as paucisymptomatic/moderate (55.6%) or severe/critical (44.5%) according to established diagnostic criteria and further stratified into the categories of infants (1–12 months), children (1–12 years), and adolescents (>12 years). We assessed SARS-CoV-2-specific RBD antibodies (Ab), neutralizing antibodies (nAb), and circulating cytokines/chemokines in the plasma, and the SARS-CoV-2-specific immune response was measured in PBMCs by gene expression and secretome analyses. Our results showed peculiar circulating cytokine/chemokine profiles among patients sharing a similar clinical phenotype. A cluster of patients consisting of infants with severe symptoms presented hyperinflammatory profiles, together with extremely polarized antibody profiles. In a second cluster consisting of paucisymptomatic patients, a less pronounced increase in the level of inflammatory cytokines, together with an association between the selected cytokines and humoral responses, was observed. A third cluster, again consisting of paucisymptomatic patients, showed a circulating cytokine/chemokine profile which overlapped with that of the HC. The SARS-CoV-2-stimulated production of pro-inflammatory proteins, T lymphocyte activation, and migration-specific proteins, were significantly increased in SARS-CoV-2-infected children compared to the HC. Our findings suggest that immune response activation in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is directly correlated with clinical severity and, to a lesser extent, age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vanetti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Stracuzzi
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ospedale L. Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Irma Saulle
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Fiona Limanaqi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ahmed Abdelsalam
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- International Center for T1D, Paediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Loretelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
- International Center for T1D, Paediatric Clinical Research Center Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Paradiso
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Emma Longoni
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Barcellini
- Department of Paediatrics, Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, 20154 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Dispinseri
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Amendola
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clara Fappani
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tanzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salvatore Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Scarlatti
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Vania Giacomet
- Paediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Ospedale L. Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Trabattoni
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy
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