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Tang J, Zhai M, Yu R, Song X, Feng F, Gao H, Li B. MiR-3017b contributes to metamorphosis by targeting sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase in Tribolium castaneum. Insect Mol Biol 2022; 31:286-296. [PMID: 35038196 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing numbers of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to regulate insect metamorphosis. One thousand, one hundred fifty-four miRNAs have been previously identified from Tribolium castaneum by high-throughput sequencing; however, little is known about which miRNAs can participate in metamorphosis, leaving the role of miRNAs in regulating the underlying mechanism elusive. Here, we report the participation of miR-3017b in the metamorphosis of T. castaneum. Temporal profiles revealed that miR-3017b was highly expressed at the late larval stage, but significantly decreased at the early pupal stage. Overexpression of miR-3017b caused larval to pupal to adult metamorphosis arrested. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and miRNA-mRNA interaction assay illustrated that miR-3017b interacts with the coding sequence of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and suppresses its expression. Knockdown of SERCA caused metamorphosis arrested, similar to that observed in miR-3017b overexpression beetles. Further functional mechanism analyses revealed that 20-hydroxyecdysone application downregulates miR-3017b and up-regulates SERCA expression. The expression level of downstream genes in the 20E pathway was disrupted after overexpressing miR-3017 and the knockdown of SERCA. These results provided evidence miR-3017b-SERCA contributes to metamorphosis by regulating the 20E pathway in T. castaneum. It could advance our understanding of the coordination of 20E and miRNA regulation in insect metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengfan Zhai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Runnan Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaowen Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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2
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García-Casas P, Alvarez-Illera P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. Mechanism of the lifespan extension induced by submaximal SERCA inhibition in C. elegans. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111474. [PMID: 33766744 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have reported recently that submaximal inhibition of the Sarco Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) produces an increase in the lifespan of C. elegans worms. We have explored here the mechanism of this increased survival by studying the effect of SERCA inhibition in several mutants of signaling pathways related to longevity. Our data show that the mechanism of the effect is unrelated with the insulin signaling pathway or the sirtuin activity, because SERCA inhibitors increased lifespan similarly in mutants of these pathways. However, the effect required functional mitochondria and both the AMP kinase and TOR pathways, as the SERCA inhibitors were ineffective in the corresponding mutants. The same effects were obtained after reducing SERCA expression with submaximal RNAi treatment. The SERCA inhibitors did not induce ER-stress at the concentrations used, and their effect was not modified by inactivation of the OP50 bacterial food. Altogether, our data suggest that the effect may be due to a reduced ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer acting via AMPK activation and mTOR inhibition to promote survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid and CSIC, Ramón y Cajal, 7, E-47005, Valladolid, Spain.
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3
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de Lucas MP, Jiménez M, Sánchez-Pavón P, Sáez AG, Lozano E. SMA-10 Is a Non-Canonical Member of the TGF-β Sma/Mab Pathway and Immunity Regulator via the DAF-2 Insulin Receptor in Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E638. [PMID: 33440633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling pathways are highly conserved across metazoa and play essential roles not only during development but also in adult tissue maintenance. Alterations of these pathways usually result in a plethora of pathologies. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the TGF-β Sma/Mab (small/male abnormal) pathway regulates various worm phenotypes such as body size, immune response, ageing, matricide and reproductive span. SMA-10 has been described as a positive modulator of worm body size through the TGF-β Sma/Mab pathway. To better understand if SMA-10 is a core component of the pathway, we use gene epistatic analysis to assess the contribution of SMA-10 to various phenotypes regulated by TGF-β Sma/Mab. We confirm that SMA-10 controls body size and find that it also affects the matricide and reproductive span of the nematodes. However, neither male tail formation (previously reported) nor ageing appeared altered. Lastly, although null sma-10 worms are more susceptible to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections than wild-types, this response does not depend on TGF-β Sma/Mab but on the insulin receptor DAF-2. We also show that the expression of sma-10 in either hypodermis or intestine fully rescues the wild-type immune response. Our results contribute to understanding the role of SMA-10 as a context-dependent component of TGF-β Sma/Mab, and reveal a function of SMA-10 in immunity in association to the Insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling (IIS) pathway.
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4
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Bai X, Bouffard J, Lord A, Brugman K, Sternberg PW, Cram EJ, Golden A. Caenorhabditis elegans PIEZO channel coordinates multiple reproductive tissues to govern ovulation. eLife 2020; 9:e53603. [PMID: 32490809 PMCID: PMC7340503 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are newly identified mechanosensitive ion channels that exhibit a preference for calcium in response to mechanical stimuli. In this study, we discovered the vital roles of pezo-1, the sole PIEZO ortholog in Caenorhabditiselegans, in regulating reproduction. A number of deletion alleles, as well as a putative gain-of-function mutant, of PEZO-1 caused a severe reduction in brood size. In vivo observations showed that oocytes undergo a variety of transit defects as they enter and exit the spermatheca during ovulation. Post-ovulation oocytes were frequently damaged during spermathecal contraction. However, the calcium signaling was not dramatically changed in the pezo-1 mutants during ovulation. Loss of PEZO-1 also led to an inability of self-sperm to navigate back to the spermatheca properly after being pushed out of the spermatheca during ovulation. These findings suggest that PEZO-1 acts in different reproductive tissues to promote proper ovulation and fertilization in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Bai
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jeff Bouffard
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Avery Lord
- Department of Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Katherine Brugman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Paul W Sternberg
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaUnited States
| | - Erin J Cram
- Department of Biology, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Andy Golden
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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5
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Griffin EF, Scopel SE, Stephen CA, Holzhauer AC, Vaji MA, Tuckey RA, Berkowitz LA, Caldwell KA, Caldwell GA. ApoE-associated modulation of neuroprotection from Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.037218. [PMID: 30683808 PMCID: PMC6398492 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific distinctions in the human apolipoprotein E (APOE) locus represent the best-characterized genetic predictor of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Expression of isoform APOEε2 is associated with reduced risk, while APOEε3 is neutral and APOEε4 carriers exhibit increased susceptibility. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated a novel suite of humanized transgenic nematodes to facilitate neuronal modeling of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) co-expression in the context of distinct human APOE alleles. We found that co-expression of human APOEε2 with Aβ attenuated Aβ-induced neurodegeneration, whereas expression of the APOEε4 allele had no effect on neurodegeneration, indicating a loss of neuroprotective capacity. Notably, the APOEε3 allele displayed an intermediate phenotype; it was not neuroprotective in young adults but attenuated neurodegeneration in older animals. There was no functional impact from the three APOE isoforms in the absence of Aβ co-expression. Pharmacological treatment that examined neuroprotective effects of APOE alleles on calcium homeostasis showed allele-specific responses to changes in ER-associated calcium dynamics in the Aβ background. Additionally, Aβ suppressed survival, an effect that was rescued by APOEε2 and APOEε3, but not APOEε4. Expression of the APOE alleles in neurons, independent of Aβ, exerted no impact on survival. Taken together, these results illustrate that C. elegans provides a powerful in vivo platform with which to explore how AD-associated neuronal pathways are modulated by distinct APOE gene products in the context of Aβ-associated neurotoxicity. The significance of both ApoE and Aβ to AD highlights the utility of this new pre-clinical model as a means to dissect their functional inter-relationship.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward F Griffin
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Samuel E Scopel
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Cayman A Stephen
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Adam C Holzhauer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Madeline A Vaji
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Ryan A Tuckey
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Laura A Berkowitz
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA
| | - Kim A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center for Research on the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Guy A Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Box 870344, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0344, USA .,Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Nathan Shock Center for Research on the Basic Biology of Aging, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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6
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Mirzakhalili E, Epureanu BI, Gourgou E. A mathematical and computational model of the calcium dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans ASH sensory neuron. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201302. [PMID: 30048509 PMCID: PMC6062085 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a mathematical and computational model that captures the stimulus-generated Ca2+ transients in the C. elegans ASH sensory neuron. The rationale is to develop a tool that will enable a cross-talk between modeling and experiments, using modeling results to guide targeted experimental efforts. The model is built based on biophysical events and molecular cascades known to unfold as part of neurons' Ca2+ homeostasis mechanism, as well as on Ca2+ signaling events. The state of ion channels is described by their probability of being activated or inactivated, and the remaining molecular states are based on biochemically defined kinetic equations or known biochemical motifs. We estimate the parameters of the model using experimental data of hyperosmotic stimulus-evoked Ca2+ transients detected with a FRET sensor in young and aged worms, unstressed and exposed to oxidative stress. We use a hybrid optimization method composed of a multi-objective genetic algorithm and nonlinear least-squares to estimate the model parameters. We first obtain the model parameters for young unstressed worms. Next, we use these values of the parameters as a starting point to identify the model parameters for stressed and aged worms. We show that the model, in combination with experimental data, corroborates literature results. In addition, we demonstrate that our model can be used to predict ASH response to complex combinations of stimulation pulses. The proposed model includes for the first time the ASH Ca2+ dynamics observed during both "on" and "off" responses. This mathematical and computational effort is the first to propose a dynamic model of the Ca2+ transients' mechanism in C. elegans neurons, based on biochemical pathways of the cell's Ca2+ homeostasis machinery. We believe that the proposed model can be used to further elucidate the Ca2+ dynamics of a key C. elegans neuron, to guide future experiments on C. elegans neurobiology, and to pave the way for the development of more mathematical models for neuronal Ca2+ dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Mirzakhalili
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Bogdan I. Epureanu
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Eleni Gourgou
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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García-Casas P, Arias-Del-Val J, Alvarez-Illera P, Fonteriz RI, Montero M, Alvarez J. Inhibition of Sarco-Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase Extends the Lifespan in C. elegans Worms. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:669. [PMID: 29988547 PMCID: PMC6026643 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) refills the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) with Ca2+ up to the millimolar range and is therefore the main controller of the ER [Ca2+] level ([Ca2+]ER), which has a key role in the modulation of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling and ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer. Given that both cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ dynamics strongly interplay with energy metabolism and nutrient-sensitive pathways, both of them involved in the aging process, we have studied the effect of SERCA inhibitors on lifespan in C. elegans. We have used thapsigargin and 2,5-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (2,5-BHQ) as SERCA inhibitors, and the inactive analog 2,6-Di-tert-butylhydroquinone (2,6-BHQ) as a control for 2,5-BHQ. Every drug was administered to the worms either directly in the agar or via an inclusion compound with γ-cyclodextrin. The results show that 2,6-BHQ produced a small but significant increase in survival, perhaps because of its antioxidant properties. However, 2,5-BHQ produced in all the conditions a much higher increase in lifespan, and the potent and specific SERCA inhibitor thapsigargin also extended the lifespan. The effects of 2,5-BHQ and thapsigargin had a bell-shaped concentration dependence, with a maximum effect at a certain dose and smaller or even toxic effects at higher concentrations. Our data show therefore that submaximal inhibition of SERCA pumps has a pro-longevity effect, suggesting that Ca2+ signaling plays an important role in the aging process and that it could be a promising novel target pathway to act on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma García-Casas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arias-Del-Val
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rosalba I Fonteriz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid - CSIC, Valladolid, Spain
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8
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Martin AA, Richmond JE. The sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase SCA-1 regulates the Caenorhabditis elegans nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ACR-16. Cell Calcium 2018; 72:104-115. [PMID: 29748129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are present in many excitable tissues and are found both pre and post-synaptically. Through their non-specific cationic permeability, these nAChRs have excitatory roles in neurotransmission, neuromodulation, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection. Thus, nAChR mislocalization or functional deficits are associated with many neurological disease states. Therefore identifying the mechanisms that regulate nAChR expression and function will inform our understanding of normal as well as pathological physiological conditions and offer avenues for potential therapeutic advances. Taking advantage of the genetic tractability of the soil nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a forward genetic screen was performed to isolate regulators of the vertebrate α7 nAChR homologue ACR-16. From this screen a novel regulator of the ACR-16 receptor was identified, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase sca-1. The sca-1 mutant affects ACR-16 receptor level at the NMJ, receptor functionality, and synaptic transmission. Responses to pressure-ejected nicotine in sca-1 mutants are indistinguishable from wild type, which implies the ACR-16 receptors are mislocalized at the NMJ. Changes in cytosolic baseline calcium levels in sca-1 and other mutants indicates a calcium-driven regulation mechanism of the α7-like NAChR ACR-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
| | - Janet E Richmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
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9
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Rahi SJ, Larsch J, Pecani K, Katsov AY, Mansouri N, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Sontag ED, Cross FR. Oscillatory stimuli differentiate adapting circuit topologies. Nat Methods 2017; 14:1010-1016. [PMID: 28846089 PMCID: PMC5623142 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adapting pathways consist of negative feedback loops (NFLs) or incoherent feedforward loops (IFFLs), which we show can be differentiated using oscillatory stimulation: NFLs but not IFFLs generically show ‘refractory period stabilization’ or ‘period skipping’. Using these signatures and genetic rewiring we identified the circuit dominating cell cycle timing in yeast. In C. elegans AWA neurons we uncovered a Ca2+-NFL, diffcult to find by other means, especially in wild-type, intact animals. (70 words)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Jamal Rahi
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Studies in Physics and Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Johannes Larsch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genes-Circuits-Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kresti Pecani
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander Y Katsov
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Lulu and Anthony Wang Laboratory of Neural Circuits and Behavior, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nahal Mansouri
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences and EPSRC Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Eduardo D Sontag
- Department of Mathematics and Center for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Frederick R Cross
- Laboratory of Cell Cycle Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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10
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Momma K, Homma T, Isaka R, Sudevan S, Higashitani A. Heat-Induced Calcium Leakage Causes Mitochondrial Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans Body-Wall Muscles. Genetics 2017; 206:1985-94. [PMID: 28576866 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.117.202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute onset of organ failure in heatstroke is triggered by rhabdomyolysis of skeletal muscle. Here, we showed that elevated temperature increases free cytosolic Ca2+ [Ca2+]f from RYR (ryanodine receptor)/UNC-68in vivo in the muscles of an experimental model animal, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This subsequently leads to mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction, and breakdown of myofilaments similar to rhabdomyolysis. In addition, treatment with an inhibitor of RYR (dantrolene) or activation of FoxO (Forkhead box O)/DAF-16 is effective against heat-induced muscle damage. Acute onset of organ failure in heatstroke is triggered by rhabdomyolysis of skeletal muscle. To gain insight into heat-induced muscle breakdown, we investigated alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial morphology in vivo in body-wall muscles of C. elegans exposed to elevated temperature. Heat stress for 3 hr at 35° increased the concentration of [Ca2+]f, and led to mitochondrial fragmentation and subsequent dysfunction in the muscle cells. A similar mitochondrial fragmentation phenotype is induced in the absence of heat stress by treatment with a calcium ionophore, ionomycin. Mutation of the unc-68 gene, which encodes the ryanodine receptor that is linked to Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, could suppress the mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle degeneration, and reduced mobility and life span induced by heat stress. In addition, in a daf-2 mutant, in which the DAF-16/FoxO transcription factor is activated, resistance to calcium overload, mitochondrial fragmentation, and dysfunction was observed. These findings reveal that heat-induced Ca2+ accumulation causes mitochondrial damage and consequently induces muscle breakdown.
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11
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Howard AC, Rollins J, Snow S, Castor S, Rogers AN. Reducing translation through eIF4G/IFG-1 improves survival under ER stress that depends on heat shock factor HSF-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Aging Cell 2016; 15:1027-1038. [PMID: 27538368 PMCID: PMC5114698 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although certain methods of lowering and/or altering mRNA translation are associated with increased lifespan, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain largely unknown. We previously showed that the increased lifespan conferred by reducing expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4G (eIF4G/IFG‐1) enhances survival under starvation conditions while shifting protein expression toward factors involved with maintaining ER‐dependent protein and lipid balance. In this study, we investigated changes in ER homeostasis and found that lower eIF4G/IFG‐1 increased survival under conditions of ER stress. Enhanced survival required the ER stress sensor gene ire‐1 and the ER calcium ATPase gene sca‐1 and corresponded with increased translation of chaperones that mediate the ER unfolded protein response (UPRER). Surprisingly, the heat‐shock transcription factor gene hsf‐1 was also required for enhanced survival, despite having little or no influence on the ability of wild‐type animals to survive ER stress. The requirement for hsf‐1 led us to re‐evaluate the role of eIF4G/IFG‐1 on thermotolerance. Results show that lowering expression of this translation factor enhanced thermotolerance, but only after prolonged attenuation, the timing of which corresponded to increased transcription of heat‐shock factor transcriptional targets. Results indicate that restricting overall translation through eIF4G/IFG‐1 enhances ER and cytoplasmic proteostasis through a mechanism that relies heavily on hsf‐1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber C. Howard
- MDI Biological Laboratory Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine 159 Old Bar Harbor Road Salisbury Cove ME 04672 USA
| | - Jarod Rollins
- MDI Biological Laboratory Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine 159 Old Bar Harbor Road Salisbury Cove ME 04672 USA
| | - Santina Snow
- MDI Biological Laboratory Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine 159 Old Bar Harbor Road Salisbury Cove ME 04672 USA
| | - Sarah Castor
- The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main Street Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA
| | - Aric N. Rogers
- MDI Biological Laboratory Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine 159 Old Bar Harbor Road Salisbury Cove ME 04672 USA
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12
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de Lucas MP, Sáez AG, Lozano E. miR-58 family and TGF-β pathways regulate each other in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:9978-93. [PMID: 26400166 PMCID: PMC4783514 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate the expression of around 60% of protein-coding genes, it is often hard to elucidate their precise role and target genes. Studying miRNA families as opposed to single miRNAs alone increases our chances of observing not only mutant phenotypes but also changes in the expression of target genes. Here we ask whether the TGF-β signalling pathways, which control many animal processes, might be modulated by miRNAs in Caenorhabditis elegans. Using a mutant for four members of the mir-58 family, we show that both TGF-β Sma/Mab (controlling body size) and TGF-β Dauer (regulating dauer, a stress-resistant larval stage) are upregulated. Thus, mir-58 family directly inhibits the expression of dbl-1 (ligand), daf-1, daf-4 and sma-6 (receptors) of TGF-β pathways. Epistasis experiments reveal that whereas the small body phenotype of the mir-58 family mutant must invoke unknown targets independent from TGF-β Sma/Mab, its dauer defectiveness can be rescued by DAF-1 depletion. Additionally, we found a negative feedback loop between TGF-β Sma/Mab and mir-58 and the related mir-80. Our results suggest that the interaction between mir-58 family and TGF-β genes is key on decisions about animal growth and stress resistance in C. elegans and perhaps other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pilar de Lucas
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto G Sáez
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Lozano
- Unidad Funcional de Investigación de Enfermedades Crónicas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Copes N, Edwards C, Chaput D, Saifee M, Barjuca I, Nelson D, Paraggio A, Saad P, Lipps D, Stevens SM Jr, Bradshaw PC. Metabolome and proteome changes with aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:67-84. [PMID: 26390854 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To expand the understanding of aging in the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, global quantification of metabolite and protein levels in young and aged nematodes was performed using mass spectrometry. With age, there was a decreased abundance of proteins functioning in transcription termination, mRNA degradation, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, and proteasomal function. Furthermore, there was altered S-adenosyl methionine metabolism as well as a decreased abundance of the S-adenosyl methionine synthetase (SAMS-1) protein. Other aging-related changes included alterations in free fatty acid levels and composition, decreased levels of ribosomal proteins, decreased levels of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1), a shift in the cellular redox state, an increase in sorbitol content, alterations in free amino acid levels, and indications of altered muscle function and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) homeostasis. There were also decreases in pyrimidine and purine metabolite levels, most markedly nitrogenous bases. Supplementing the culture medium with cytidine (a pyrimidine nucleoside) or hypoxanthine (a purine base) increased lifespan slightly, suggesting that aging-induced alterations in ribonucleotide metabolism affect lifespan. An age-related increase in body size, lipotoxicity from ectopic yolk lipoprotein accumulation, a decline in NAD(+) levels, and mitochondrial electron transport chain dysfunction may explain many of these changes. In addition, dietary restriction in aged worms resulting from sarcopenia of the pharyngeal pump likely decreases the abundance of SAMS-1, possibly leading to decreased phosphatidylcholine levels, larger lipid droplets, and ER and mitochondrial stress. The complementary use of proteomics and metabolomics yielded unique insights into the molecular processes altered with age in C. elegans.
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Dai LL, Gao JX, Zou CG, Ma YC, Zhang KQ. mir-233 modulates the unfolded protein response in C. elegans during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004606. [PMID: 25569229 PMCID: PMC4287614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR), which is activated by perturbations of the endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, has been shown to play an important role in innate immunity and inflammation. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying activation of the UPR during immune responses. Using small RNA deep sequencing and reverse genetic analysis, we show that the microRNA mir-233 is required for activation of the UPR in Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14. P. aeruginosa infection up-regulates the expression of mir-233 in a p38 MAPK-dependent manner. Quantitative proteomic analysis identifies SCA-1, a C. elegans homologue of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, as a target of mir-233. During P. aeruginosa PA14 infection, mir-233 represses the protein levels of SCA-1, which in turn leads to activation of the UPR. Whereas mir-233 mutants are more sensitive to P. aeruginosa infection, knockdown of sca-1 leads to enhanced resistance to the killing by P. aeruginosa. Our study indicates that microRNA-dependent pathways may have an impact on innate immunity by activating the UPR. In the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans, the IRE1–XBP1 pathway, a major branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), is required for host defense against pathogens. However, how innate immune responses activate the UPR is not fully understood. In this report, we find that Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 infection up-regulates the expression of the microRNA mir-233 in C. elegans. The response of mir-233 to P. aeruginosa PA14 infection is dependent on a major pathway of innate immunity, the p38 MAPK signaling cascade. The up-regulation of mir-233 is functionally important since a mutation in mir-233 leads to hypersensitivity of the nematode to the killing by P. aeruginosa PA14. Furthermore, we demonstrate that mir-233 contributes to the activation of the UPR by repressing the protein levels of its target SCA-1, a C. elegans homologue of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Thus, mir-233 is an important regulator of the UPR during the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Dai
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin-Xia Gao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zou
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (CGZ); (KQZ)
| | - Yi-Cheng Ma
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- * E-mail: (CGZ); (KQZ)
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15
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Brokate-Llanos AM, Monje JM, Murdoch PDS, Muñoz MJ. Developmental defects in a Caenorhabditis elegans model for type III galactosemia. Genetics 2014; 198:1559-69. [PMID: 25298520 PMCID: PMC4256771 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.170084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III galactosemia is a metabolic disorder caused by reduced activity of UDP-galactose-4-epimerase, which participates in galactose metabolism and the generation of various UDP-sugar species. We characterized gale-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans and found that a complete loss-of-function mutation is lethal, as has been hypothesized for humans, whereas a nonlethal partial loss-of-function allele causes a variety of developmental abnormalities, likely resulting from the impairment of the glycosylation process. We also observed that gale-1 mutants are hypersensitive to galactose as well as to infections. Interestingly, we found interactions between gale-1 and the unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Brokate-Llanos
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - José M Monje
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Piedad Del Socorro Murdoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Manuel J Muñoz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Pablo de Olavide-Junta de Andalucía, 41013 Seville, Spain
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16
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Hou NS, Gutschmidt A, Choi DY, Pather K, Shi X, Watts JL, Hoppe T, Taubert S. Activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response by lipid disequilibrium without disturbed proteostasis in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E2271-80. [PMID: 24843123 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318262111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediator is a conserved transcriptional coregulator complex required for eukaryotic gene expression. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the Mediator subunit mdt-15 is essential for the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and ingestion-associated stress responses. mdt-15 loss of function causes defects in reproduction and mobility and shortens lifespan. In the present study, we find that worms with mutated or depleted mdt-15 (mdt-15 worms) exhibit decreased membrane phospholipid desaturation, especially in phosphatidylcholine. Accordingly, mdt-15 worms exhibit disturbed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, as indicated by a constitutively activated ER unfolded protein response (UPR(ER)). Activation of this stress response is only partially the consequence of reduced membrane lipid desaturation, implicating other mdt-15-regulated processes in maintaining ER homeostasis. Interestingly, mdt-15 inactivation or depletion of the lipid metabolism enzymes stearoyl-CoA-desaturases (SCD) and S-adenosyl methionine synthetase (sams-1) activates the UPR(ER) without promoting misfolded protein aggregates. Moreover, these worms exhibit wild-type sensitivity to chemically induced protein misfolding, and they do not display synthetic lethality with mutations in UPR(ER) genes, which cause protein misfolding. Therefore, the constitutively activated UPR(ER) in mdt-15, SCD, and sams-1 worms is not the consequence of proteotoxic stress but likely is the direct result of changes in ER membrane fluidity and composition. Together, our data suggest that the UPR(ER) is induced directly upon membrane disequilibrium and thus monitors altered ER homeostasis.
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Fernandez AG, Mis EK, Lai A, Mauro M, Quental A, Bock C, Piano F. Uncovering buffered pleiotropy: a genome-scale screen for mel-28 genetic interactors in Caenorhabditis elegans. G3 (Bethesda) 2014; 4:185-96. [PMID: 24281427 DOI: 10.1534/g3.113.008532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
mel-28 (maternal-effect-lethal-28) encodes a conserved protein required for nuclear envelope function and chromosome segregation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Because mel-28 is a strict maternal-effect lethal gene, its function is required in the early embryo but appears to be dispensable for larval development. We wanted to test the idea that mel-28 has postembryonic roles that are buffered by the contributions of other genes. To find genes that act coordinately with mel-28, we did an RNA interference−based genetic interaction screen using mel-28 and wild-type larvae. We screened 18,364 clones and identified 65 genes that cause sterility in mel-28 but not wild-type worms. Some of these genes encode components of the nuclear pore. In addition we identified genes involved in dynein and dynactin function, vesicle transport, and cell-matrix attachments. By screening mel-28 larvae we have bypassed the requirement for mel-28 in the embryo, uncovering pleiotropic functions for mel-28 later in development that are normally provided by other genes. This work contributes toward revealing the gene networks that underlie cellular processes and reveals roles for a maternal-effect lethal gene later in development.
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18
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Spooner PM, Bonner J, Maricq AV, Benian GM, Norman KR. Large isoforms of UNC-89 (obscurin) are required for muscle cell architecture and optimal calcium release in Caenorhabditis elegans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40182. [PMID: 22768340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium, a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule, controls a diverse array of cellular processes. Consequently, cells have developed strategies to modulate the shape of calcium signals in space and time. The force generating machinery in muscle is regulated by the influx and efflux of calcium ions into the muscle cytoplasm. In order for efficient and effective muscle contraction to occur, calcium needs to be rapidly, accurately and reliably regulated. The mechanisms underlying this highly regulated process are not fully understood. Here, we show that the Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of the giant muscle protein obscurin, UNC-89, is required for normal muscle cell architecture. The large immunoglobulin domain-rich isoforms of UNC-89 are critical for sarcomere and sarcoplasmic reticulum organization. Furthermore, we have found evidence that this structural organization is crucial for excitation-contraction coupling in the body wall muscle, through the coordination of calcium signaling. Thus, our data implicates UNC-89 in maintaining muscle cell architecture and that this precise organization is essential for optimal calcium mobilization and efficient and effective muscle contraction.
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Asencio C, Davidson I, Santarella-Mellwig R, Ly-Hartig T, Mall M, Wallenfang M, Mattaj I, Gorjánácz M. Coordination of Kinase and Phosphatase Activities by Lem4 Enables Nuclear Envelope Reassembly during Mitosis. Cell 2012; 150:122-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Gorski PA, Trieber CA, Larivière E, Schuermans M, Wuytack F, Young HS, Vangheluwe P. Transmembrane helix 11 is a genuine regulator of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump and acts as a functional parallel of β-subunit on α-Na+,K+-ATPase. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:19876-85. [PMID: 22528494 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.335620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The housekeeping sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase SERCA2b transports Ca(2+) across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane maintaining a vital Ca(2+) gradient. Compared with the muscle-specific isoforms SERCA2a and SERCA1a, SERCA2b houses an 11th transmembrane segment (TM11) and a short luminal extension (LE) at its C terminus (2b-tail). The 2b-tail imposes a 2-fold higher apparent Ca(2+) affinity and lower V(max). Previously, we assumed that LE is the sole functional region of the 2b-tail and that TM11 is a passive element providing an additional membrane passage. However, here we show that peptides corresponding to the TM11 region specifically modulate the activity of the homologous SERCA1a in co-reconstituted proteoliposomes and mimic the 2b-tail effect (i.e. lower V(max) and higher Ca(2+) affinity). Using truncated 2b-tail variants we document that TM11 regulates SERCA1a independently from LE, confirming that TM11 is a second, previously unrecognized functional region of the 2b-tail. A phylogenetic analysis further indicates that TM11 is the oldest and most conserved feature of the 2b-tail, found in the SERCA pump of all Bilateria, whereas LE is only present in Nematoda and vertebrates. Considering remarkable similarities with the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α-β interaction, we now propose a model for interaction of TM11 with TM7 and TM10 in the anchoring subdomain of the Ca(2+) pump. This model involves a TM11-induced helix bending of TM7. In conclusion, more than just a passive structural feature, TM11 acts as a genuine regulator of Ca(2+) transport through interaction with the pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemek A Gorski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
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21
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Baylis HA, Vázquez-Manrique RP. Genetic analysis of IP3 and calcium signalling pathways in C. elegans. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1820:1253-68. [PMID: 22146231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans is an established model system that is particularly well suited to genetic analysis. C. elegans is easily manipulated and we have an in depth knowledge of many aspects of its biology. Thus, it is an attractive system in which to pursue integrated studies of signalling pathways. C. elegans has a complement of calcium signalling molecules similar to that of other animals. SCOPE OF REVIEW We focus on IP3 signalling. We describe how forward and reverse genetic approaches, including RNAi, have resulted in a tool kit which enables the analysis of IP3/Ca2+ signalling pathways. The importance of cell and tissue specific manipulation of signalling pathways and the use of epistasis analysis are highlighted. We discuss how these tools have increased our understanding of IP3 signalling in specific developmental, physiological and behavioural roles. Approaches to imaging calcium signals in C. elegans are considered. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A wide selection of tools is available for the analysis of IP3/Ca2+ signalling in C. elegans. This has resulted in detailed descriptions of the function of IP3/Ca2+ signalling in the animal's biology. Nevertheless many questions about how IP3 signalling regulates specific processes remain. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Many of the approaches described may be applied to other calcium signalling systems. C. elegans offers the opportunity to dissect pathways, perform integrated studies and to test the importance of the properties of calcium signalling molecules to whole animal function, thus illuminating the function of calcium signalling in animals. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemical, biophysical and genetic approaches to intracellular calcium signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Baylis
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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22
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Meissner B, Rogalski T, Viveiros R, Warner A, Plastino L, Lorch A, Granger L, Segalat L, Moerman DG. Determining the sub-cellular localization of proteins within Caenorhabditis elegans body wall muscle. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19937. [PMID: 21611156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Determining the sub-cellular localization of a protein within a cell is often an essential step towards understanding its function. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the relatively large size of the body wall muscle cells and the exquisite organization of their sarcomeres offer an opportunity to identify the precise position of proteins within cell substructures. Our goal in this study is to generate a comprehensive “localizome” for C. elegans body wall muscle by GFP-tagging proteins expressed in muscle and determining their location within the cell. For this project, we focused on proteins that we know are expressed in muscle and are orthologs or at least homologs of human proteins. To date we have analyzed the expression of about 227 GFP-tagged proteins that show localized expression in the body wall muscle of this nematode (e.g. dense bodies, M-lines, myofilaments, mitochondria, cell membrane, nucleus or nucleolus). For most proteins analyzed in this study no prior data on sub-cellular localization was available. In addition to discrete sub-cellular localization we observe overlapping patterns of localization including the presence of a protein in the dense body and the nucleus, or the dense body and the M-lines. In total we discern more than 14 sub-cellular localization patterns within nematode body wall muscle. The localization of this large set of proteins within a muscle cell will serve as an invaluable resource in our investigation of muscle sarcomere assembly and function.
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McMullen D, Ramnanan C, Storey K. In Cold‐Hardy Insects, Seasonal, Temperature, and Reversible Phosphorylation Controls Regulate Sarco/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA). Physiol Biochem Zool 2010; 83:677-86. [DOI: 10.1086/653489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Vangheluwe P, Sepúlveda MR, Missiaen L, Raeymaekers L, Wuytack F, Vanoevelen J. Intracellular Ca2+- and Mn2+-Transport ATPases. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4733-59. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900013m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Rosario Sepúlveda
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Missiaen
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Raeymaekers
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Wuytack
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Vanoevelen
- Laboratory of Ca2+-transport ATPases and Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Fox RM, Watson JD, Von Stetina SE, McDermott J, Brodigan TM, Fukushige T, Krause M, Miller DM. The embryonic muscle transcriptome of Caenorhabditis elegans. Genome Biol 2008; 8:R188. [PMID: 17848203 PMCID: PMC2375026 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2007-8-9-r188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence activated cell sorting and microarray profiling were used to identify 1,312 expressed genes that are enriched in myo-3::GFP-positive muscle cells of Caenorhabditis elegans. Background The force generating mechanism of muscle is evolutionarily ancient; the fundamental structural and functional components of the sarcomere are common to motile animals throughout phylogeny. Recent evidence suggests that the transcription factors that regulate muscle development are also conserved. Thus, a comprehensive description of muscle gene expression in a simple model organism should define a basic muscle transcriptome that is also found in animals with more complex body plans. To this end, we applied microarray profiling of Caenorhabtidis elegans cells (MAPCeL) to muscle cell populations extracted from developing C. elegans embryos. Results We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate myo-3::green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive muscle cells, and their cultured derivatives, from dissociated early C. elegans embryos. Microarray analysis identified 7,070 expressed genes, 1,312 of which are enriched in the myo-3::GFP positive cell population relative to the average embryonic cell. The muscle enriched gene set was validated by comparisons with known muscle markers, independently derived expression data, and GFP reporters in transgenic strains. These results confirm the utility of MAPCeL for cell type specific expression profiling and reveal that 60% of these transcripts have human homologs. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive description of gene expression in developing C. elegans embryonic muscle cells. The finding that more than half of these muscle enriched transcripts encode proteins with human homologs suggests that mutant analysis of these genes in C. elegans could reveal evolutionarily conserved models of muscle gene function, with ready application to human muscle pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Fox
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA
- Current address: Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joseph D Watson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, USA
| | - Stephen E Von Stetina
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA
| | - Joan McDermott
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room B1-04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas M Brodigan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room B1-04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tetsunari Fukushige
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room B1-04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Krause
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Building 5, Room B1-04, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David M Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, 465 21Ave. S., Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, USA
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Vangheluwe P, Raeymaekers L, Dode L, Wuytack F. Modulating sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity: cell biological implications. Cell Calcium 2008; 38:291-302. [PMID: 16105684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2005.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Of the three mammalian members belonging to the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) family, SERCA2 is evolutionary the oldest and shows the most wide tissue-expression pattern. Two major SERCA2 splice variants are well-characterized: the muscle-specific isoform SERCA2a and the housekeeping isoform SERCA2b. Recently, several interacting proteins and post-translational modifications of SERCA2 were identified which may modulate the activity of the Ca2+ pump. This review aims to give an overview of the vast literature concerning the cell biological implications of the SERCA2 isoform diversity and the factors regulating SERCA2. Proteins reported to interact with SERCA2 from the cytosolic domain involve the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, the insulin receptor substrates IRS1/2, the EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein S100A1 and acylphosphatase. We will focus on the very particular position of SERCA2 as an enzyme functioning in a thin, highly fluid, leaky and cholesterol-poor membrane. Possible differential interactions of SERCA2b and SERCA2a with calreticulin, calnexin and ERp57, which could occur within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum will be discussed. Reported post-translational modifications possibly affecting pump activity involve N-glycosylation, glutathionylation and Ca2+/calmodulin kinase II-dependent phosphorylation. Finally, the pronounced vulnerability to oxidative damage of SERCA2 appears to be pivotal in the etiology of various pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Physiology, O.&N. Gasthuisberg, K.U. Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Nehrke K, Denton J, Mowrey W. Intestinal Ca2+ wave dynamics in freely moving C. elegans coordinate execution of a rhythmic motor program. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2007; 294:C333-44. [PMID: 17942636 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00303.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Defecation in the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans is a highly rhythmic behavior that is regulated by a Ca(2+) wave generated in the 20 epithelial cells of the intestine, in part through activation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. Execution of the defecation motor program (DMP) can be modified by external cues such as nutrient availability or mechanical stimulation. To address the likelihood that environmental regulation of the DMP requires integrating distinct cellular and organismal processes, we have developed a method for studying coordinate Ca(2+) oscillations and defecation behavior in intact, freely behaving animals. We tested this technique by examining how mutations in genes known to alter Ca(2+) handling [including egl-8/phospholipase C (PLC)-beta, kqt-3/KCNQ1, sca-1/sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase, and unc-43/Ca(2+)-CaMKII] contribute to shaping the Ca(2+) wave and asked how Ca(2+) wave dynamics in the mutant backgrounds altered execution of the DMP. Notably, we find that Ca(2+) waves in the absence of PLCbeta initiate ectopically, often traveling in reverse, and fail to trigger a complete DMP. These results suggest that the normal supremacy of the posterior intestinal cells is not obligatory for Ca(2+) wave occurrence but instead helps to coordinate the DMP. Furthermore, we present evidence suggesting that an underlying pacemaker appears to oscillate at a faster frequency than the defecation cycle and that arrhythmia may result from uncoupling the pacemaker from the DMP rather than from disrupting the pacemaker itself. We also show that chronic elevations in Ca(2+) have limited influence on the defecation period but instead alter the interval between successive steps of the DMP. Finally, our results demonstrate that it is possible to assess Ca(2+) dynamics and muscular contractions in a completely unrestrained model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nehrke
- Dept. of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Medical Center Box 675, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester NY 14642, USA.
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Pattison JS, Waggoner JR, James J, Martin L, Gulick J, Osinska H, Klevitsky R, Kranias EG, Robbins J. Phospholamban overexpression in transgenic rabbits. Transgenic Res 2007; 17:157-70. [PMID: 17882530 PMCID: PMC2366038 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-007-9139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in pursuing phospholamban as a putative therapeutic target for overcoming depressed calcium handling in human heart failure. Studies predominantly done in mice have shown that phospholamban is a key regulator of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium cycling and cardiac function. However, mice differ significantly from humans in how they regulate calcium, whereas rabbits better recapitulate human cardiac function and calcium handling. To investigate phospholamban's role in the rabbit heart, transgenic rabbits that overexpressed wild-type phospholamban in the ventricular cardiomyocytes and slow-twitch skeletal muscles were generated. Rabbits expressing high levels of phospholamban were not viable due to severe skeletal muscle wasting, the onset of cardiac pathology and early death. A viable transgenic line exhibited a 30% increase in PLN protein levels in the heart. These animals showed isolated foci of cardiac pathology, but cardiac function as well as the response to beta-adrenergic stimulation were normal. SR-calcium uptake measurements showed that the transgenic hearts had the expected reduced affinity for calcium. The data show that phospholamban-overexpressing transgenic rabbits differ markedly in phenotype from analogous transgenic mice in that rabbits are quite sensitive to alterations in phospholamban levels. Exceeding a relatively narrow window of phospholamban expression results in significant morbidity and early death.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Scott Pattison
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- *Correspondence to Jeffrey Robbins, PhD, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039. Fax #: 513-636-5958, Phone #: 513-636-8098, E-mail
| | - Jason R. Waggoner
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeanne James
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Martin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James Gulick
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hanna Osinska
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Raisa Klevitsky
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Evangelia G. Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology & Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey Robbins
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- *Correspondence to Jeffrey Robbins, PhD, Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039. Fax #: 513-636-5958, Phone #: 513-636-8098, E-mail
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Strange K, Yan X, Lorin-Nebel C, Xing J. Physiological roles of STIM1 and Orai1 homologs and CRAC channels in the genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell Calcium 2007; 42:193-203. [PMID: 17376526 PMCID: PMC2066184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides numerous experimental advantages for developing an integrative molecular understanding of physiological processes and has proven to be a valuable model for characterizing Ca(2+) signaling mechanisms. This review will focus on the role of Ca(2+) release activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel activity in function of the worm gonad and intestine. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-dependent oscillatory Ca(2+) signaling regulates contractile activity of the gonad and rhythmic posterior body wall muscle contraction (pBoc) required for ovulation and defecation, respectively. The C. elegans genome contains a single homolog of both STIM1 and Orai1, proteins required for CRAC channel function in mammalian and Drosophila cells. C. elegans STIM-1 and ORAI-1 are coexpressed in the worm gonad and intestine and give rise to robust CRAC channel activity when coexpressed in HEK293 cells. STIM-1 or ORAI-1 knockdown causes complete sterility demonstrating that the genes are essential components of gonad Ca(2+) signaling. Knockdown of either protein dramatically inhibits intestinal cell CRAC channel activity, but surprisingly has no effect on pBoc, intestinal Ca(2+) oscillations or intestinal ER Ca(2+) store homeostasis. CRAC channels thus do not play obligate roles in all IP(3)-dependent signaling processes in C. elegans. Instead, we suggest that CRAC channels carry out highly specialized and cell specific signaling roles and that they may function as a failsafe mechanism to prevent Ca(2+) store depletion under pathophysiological and stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Strange
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2520, United States.
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Kammenga JE, Doroszuk A, Riksen JAG, Hazendonk E, Spiridon L, Petrescu AJ, Tijsterman M, Plasterk RHA, Bakker J. A Caenorhabditis elegans wild type defies the temperature-size rule owing to a single nucleotide polymorphism in tra-3. PLoS Genet 2007; 3:e34. [PMID: 17335351 PMCID: PMC1808073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectotherms rely for their body heat on surrounding temperatures. A key question in biology is why most ectotherms mature at a larger size at lower temperatures, a phenomenon known as the temperature-size rule. Since temperature affects virtually all processes in a living organism, current theories to explain this phenomenon are diverse and complex and assert often from opposing assumptions. Although widely studied, the molecular genetic control of the temperature-size rule is unknown. We found that the Caenorhabditis elegans wild-type N2 complied with the temperature-size rule, whereas wild-type CB4856 defied it. Using a candidate gene approach based on an N2 x CB4856 recombinant inbred panel in combination with mutant analysis, complementation, and transgenic studies, we show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in tra-3 leads to mutation F96L in the encoded calpain-like protease. This mutation attenuates the ability of CB4856 to grow larger at low temperature. Homology modelling predicts that F96L reduces TRA-3 activity by destabilizing the DII-A domain. The data show that size adaptation of ectotherms to temperature changes may be less complex than previously thought because a subtle wild-type polymorphism modulates the temperature responsiveness of body size. These findings provide a novel step toward the molecular understanding of the temperature-size rule, which has puzzled biologists for decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Kammenga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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31
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Abstract
The sarcoendoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium transport ATPase (SERCA) is a pump that transports calcium ions from the cytoplasm into the SR. It is present in both animal and plant cells, although knowledge of SERCA in the latter is scant. The pump shares the catalytic properties of ion-motive ATPases of the P-type family, but has distinctive regulation properties. The SERCA pump is encoded by a family of three genes, SERCA1, 2, and 3, that are highly conserved but localized on different chromosomes. The SERCA isoform diversity is dramatically enhanced by alternative splicing of the transcripts, occurring mainly at the COOH-terminal. At present, more than 10 different SERCA isoforms have been detected at the protein level. These isoforms exhibit both tissue and developmental specificity, suggesting that they contribute to unique physiological properties of the tissue in which they are expressed. The function of the SERCA pump is modulated by the endogenous molecules phospholamban (PLB) and sarcolipin (SLN), expressed in cardiac and skeletal muscles. The mechanism of action of PLB on SERCA is well characterized, whereas that of SLN is only beginning to be understood. Because the SERCA pump plays a major role in muscle contraction, a number of investigations have focused on understanding its role in cardiac and skeletal muscle disease. These studies document that SERCA pump expression and activity are decreased in aging and in a variety of pathophysiological conditions including heart failure. Recently, SERCA pump gene transfer was shown to be effective in restoring contractile function in failing heart muscle, thus emphasizing its importance in muscle physiology and its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Periasamy
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Schöneich C, Sharov VS. Mass spectrometry of protein modifications by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 41:1507-20. [PMID: 17045919 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The modification of proteins by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species plays an important role in various biologic processes involving protein activation and inactivation, protein translocation and turnover during signal transduction, stress response, proliferation, and apoptosis. Recent advances in protein and peptide separation and mass spectrometry provide increasingly sophisticated tools for the quantitative analysis of such protein modifications, which are absolutely necessary for their correlation with biologic phenomena. The present review focuses specifically on the qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometric analysis of the most common protein modifications caused by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in vivo and in vitro and details a case study on a membrane protein the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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Vangheluwe P, Sipido KR, Raeymaekers L, Wuytack F. New perspectives on the role of SERCA2's Ca2+ affinity in cardiac function. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 2006; 1763:1216-28. [PMID: 17005265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2006.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction are tightly controlled by the activity of the cardiac sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ transport ATPase (SERCA2a). The SR Ca2+ -uptake activity not only determines the speed of Ca(2+) removal during relaxation, but also the SR Ca2+ content and therefore the amount of Ca2+ released for cardiomyocyte contraction. The Ca2+ affinity is the major determinant of the pump's activity in the physiological Ca2+ concentration range. In the heart, the affinity of the pump for Ca2+ needs to be controlled between narrow borders, since an imbalanced affinity may evoke hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Several small proteins (phospholamban, sarcolipin) adjust the Ca2+ affinity of the pump to the physiological needs of the cardiomyocyte. It is generally accepted that a chronically reduced Ca2+ affinity of the pump contributes to depressed SR Ca2+ handling in heart failure. Moreover, a persistently lower Ca2+ affinity is sufficient to impair cardiomyocyte SR Ca2+ handling and contractility inducing dilated cardiomyopathy in mice and humans. Conversely, the expression of SERCA2a, a pump with a lower Ca2+ affinity than the housekeeping isoform SERCA2b, is crucial to maintain normal cardiac function and growth. Novel findings demonstrated that a chronically increased Ca2+ affinity also may trigger cardiac hypertrophy in mice and humans. In addition, recent studies suggest that some models of heart failure are marked by a higher affinity of the pump for Ca2+, and hence by improved cardiomyocyte relaxation and contraction. Depressed cardiomyocyte SR Ca2+ uptake activity may therefore not be a universal hallmark of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vangheluwe
- Laboratory of Physiology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, bus 802, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Yan X, Xing J, Lorin-Nebel C, Estevez AY, Nehrke K, Lamitina T, Strange K. Function of a STIM1 homologue in C. elegans: evidence that store-operated Ca2+ entry is not essential for oscillatory Ca2+ signaling and ER Ca2+ homeostasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 128:443-59. [PMID: 16966474 PMCID: PMC2151571 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200609611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3))-dependent Ca(2+) signaling regulates gonad function, fertility, and rhythmic posterior body wall muscle contraction (pBoc) required for defecation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) is activated during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) store depletion and is believed to be an essential and ubiquitous component of Ca(2+) signaling pathways. SOCE is thought to function to refill Ca(2+) stores and modulate Ca(2+) signals. Recently, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was identified as a putative ER Ca(2+) sensor that regulates SOCE. We cloned a full-length C. elegans stim-1 cDNA that encodes a 530-amino acid protein with approximately 21% sequence identity to human STIM1. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged STIM-1 is expressed in the intestine, gonad sheath cells, and spermatheca. Knockdown of stim-1 expression by RNA interference (RNAi) causes sterility due to loss of sheath cell and spermatheca contractile activity required for ovulation. Transgenic worms expressing a STIM-1 EF-hand mutant that constitutively activates SOCE in Drosophila and mammalian cells are sterile and exhibit severe pBoc arrhythmia. stim-1 RNAi dramatically reduces STIM-1GFP expression, suppresses the EF-hand mutation-induced pBoc arrhythmia, and inhibits intestinal store-operated Ca(2+) (SOC) channels. However, stim-1 RNAi surprisingly has no effect on pBoc rhythm, which is controlled by intestinal oscillatory Ca(2+) signaling, in wild type and IP(3) signaling mutant worms, and has no effect on intestinal Ca(2+) oscillations and waves. Depletion of intestinal Ca(2+) stores by RNAi knockdown of the ER Ca(2+) pump triggers the ER unfolded protein response (UPR). In contrast, stim-1 RNAi fails to induce the UPR. Our studies provide the first detailed characterization of STIM-1 function in an intact animal and suggest that SOCE is not essential for certain oscillatory Ca(2+) signaling processes and for maintenance of store Ca(2+) levels in C. elegans. These findings raise interesting and important questions regarding the function of SOCE and SOC channels under normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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35
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Sharov V, Dremina E, Galeva N, Williams T, Schöneich C. Quantitative mapping of oxidation-sensitive cysteine residues in SERCA in vivo and in vitro by HPLC-electrospray-tandem MS: selective protein oxidation during biological aging. Biochem J 2006; 394:605-15. [PMID: 16307534 PMCID: PMC1383710 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The selective reversible S-glutathiolation of specific SERCA (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase) cysteine residues represents a novel physiologic pathway of NO (nitric oxide)-dependent arterial smooth muscle relaxation [Adachi, Weisbrod, Pimentel, Ying, Sharov, Schöneich and Cohen (2004) Nat. Med. 10, 1200-1207]. This mechanism may be impaired through the irreversible oxidation of functionally important cysteine residues as a consequence of oxidative stress and aging. To establish whether in vivo aging and in vitro oxidation by peroxynitrite result in the loss of such functionally important cysteine residues of SERCA, we have developed and optimized a quantitative method to monitor the oxidation state of the individual SERCA cysteine residues using a maleimide-based fluorescence dye, TG1 (ThioGlo 1), as a label for cysteine residues that have not been altered by oxidation and are not involved in disulphide bridges. A high efficiency for TG1 labelling of such residues and the chemical structure of cysteine-TG1 adducts were validated by MS analysis of model peptides, model proteins and rat skeletal muscle SERCA1. Tryptic peptides containing 18 out of a total of 24 cysteine residues were identified by HPLC-ESI (electrospray ionization)-MS/MS (tandem MS). Two cysteine residues, at positions 344 and 349, were detected in the form of an internal disulphide bridge, and another 16 were found to be labelled with TG1. Using HPLC-ESI-MS, we quantitatively mapped peroxynitrite oxidation of eight cysteine residues (positions 364, 417, 420, 498, 525, 674, 675 and 938), some of which are involved in the control of SERCA activity. Biological aging resulted in the partial modification of cysteine residues 377, 498, 525, 561, 614, 636, 674, 675, 774 and 938. Neither peroxynitrite exposure nor biological aging affected the apparent SERCA1 ATP affinity. Our data show an age-dependent loss of cysteine residues (approx. 2.8 mol of cysteine/mol of SERCA1), which may be partially responsible for the age-dependent decrease in the specific Ca2+-ATPase activity (by 40%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor S. Sharov
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A
| | - Elena S. Dremina
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A
| | - Nadezhda A. Galeva
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A
| | - Todd D. Williams
- †Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A
| | - Christian Schöneich
- *Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Sanyal S, Jennings T, Dowse H, Ramaswami M. Conditional mutations in SERCA, the Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, alter heart rate and rhythmicity in Drosophila. J Comp Physiol B 2005; 176:253-63. [PMID: 16320060 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-005-0046-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Revised: 09/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the role of cytosolic calcium in regulating heart beat frequency and rhythm, we studied conditional mutations in Drosophila Sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, believed to be predominantly responsible for sequestering free cytosolic calcium. Abnormalities in the amount or structure of the SERCA protein have been linked to cardiac malfunction in mammals. Drosophila SERCA protein (dSERCA) is highly enriched in Drosophila larval heart with a distinct membrane distribution of SERCA at cardiac Z-lines, suggesting evolutionarily conserved zones for calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Heart beat frequency is strikingly reduced in mutant animals following dSERCA inactivation, (achieved by a brief exposure of these conditional mutants to non-permissive temperature). Cardiac contractions also show abnormal rhythmicity and electrophysiological recordings from the heart muscle reveal dramatic alterations in electrical activity. Overall, these studies underscore the utility of the Drosophila heart to model SERCA dysfunction dependent cardiac disorders and constitute an initial step towards developing Drosophila as a viable genetic model system to study conserved molecular determinants of cardiac physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Sanyal
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department and ARL Division of Neurobiology, University of Arizona, 1007 E. Lowell Street, Life Sciences South, AZ, Tucson, USA.
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Norman KR, Fazzio RT, Mellem JE, Espelt MV, Strange K, Beckerle MC, Maricq AV. The Rho/Rac-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV-1 regulates rhythmic behaviors in C. elegans. Cell 2005; 123:119-32. [PMID: 16213217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Revised: 06/04/2005] [Accepted: 08/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic behaviors are a fundamental feature of all organisms. Pharyngeal pumping, the defecation cycle, and gonadal-sheath-cell contractions are three well-characterized rhythmic behaviors in the nematode C. elegans. The periodicities of the rhythms range from subsecond (pharynx) to seconds (gonadal sheath) to minutes (defecation). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these rhythmic behaviors are not well understood. Here, we show that the C. elegans Rho/Rac-family guanine nucleotide exchange factor, VAV-1, which is homologous to the mammalian Vav proto-oncogene, has a crucial role in all three behaviors. vav-1 mutants die as larvae because VAV-1 function is required in the pharynx for synchronous contraction of the musculature. In addition, ovulation and the defecation cycle are abnormal and arrhythmic. We show that Rho/Rac-family GTPases and the signaling molecule inositol triphosphate (IP(3)) act downstream of VAV-1 signaling and that the VAV-1 pathway modulates rhythmic behaviors by dynamically regulating the concentration of intracellular Ca(2+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Norman
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Kapulkin WJ, Kapulkin V, Hiester BG, Link CD. Compensatory regulation among ER chaperones in C. elegans. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:3063-8. [PMID: 15907843 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2005] [Revised: 03/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have identified a particularly clear case of compensatory transcriptional regulation among ER chaperones in Caenorhabditis elegans using a GFP reporter transgene that is under the control of the promoter of hsp-4, a C. elegans homolog of GRP-78/BiP. Knockdown by RNA interference of 9 known or predicted ER chaperones induced hsp-4 upregulation via the ire-1/xbp-1 signaling cascade employed in the unfolded protein response. We show that this compensatory regulation is specific for ER chaperones, not dependent on RNA interference, and required for maintaining viability in worms containing a deletion of the hsp-3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wadim J Kapulkin
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, Campus Box 447, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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39
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Thomas-Virnig CL, Sims PA, Simske JS, Hardin J. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor regulates epidermal cell migration in Caenorhabditis elegans. Curr Biol 2005; 14:1882-7. [PMID: 15498499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polarized migration and spreading of epithelial sheets is important during many processes in vivo, including embryogenesis and wound healing. However, the signaling pathways that regulate epithelial migrations are poorly understood. To identify molecular components that regulate the spreading of epithelial sheets, we performed a screen for mutations that perturb epidermal cell migration during embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified one mutant (jc5) as a weak mutation in itr-1, which encodes the single inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITR) in C. elegans. During the migration of the embryonic epidermis, jc5 embryos display defects including misdirected migration or premature cessation of migration. Cells that halt their migration have disorganized F-actin and display reduced filopodial protrusive activity at their leading edge. Furthermore, some filopodia formed by epidermal cells in itr-1(jc5) embryos exhibit abnormally long lifetimes. Pharmacological studies with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate antagonist xestospongin C phenocopy these defects, confirming that ITR function is important for proper epidermal migration. Our results provide the first molecular evidence that movements of embryonic epithelial cell sheets can be controlled by ITRs and suggest that such regulation may be a widespread mechanism for coordinating epithelial cell movements during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kraev
- Charles H. Best Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5G 1X5 Canada.
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Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+)-transport ATPases exert a pivotal role in the endoplasmic reticulum and in the compartments of the cellular secretory pathway by maintaining a sufficiently high lumenal Ca(2+) (and Mn(2+)) concentration in these compartments required for an impressive number of vastly different cell functions. At the same time this lumenal Ca(2+) represents a store of releasable activator Ca(2+) controlling an equally impressive number of cytosolic functions. This review mainly focuses on the different Ca(2+)-transport ATPases found in the intracellular compartments of mainly animal non-muscle cells: the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) pumps. Although it is not our intention to treat the ATPases of the specialized sarcoplasmic reticulum in depth, we can hardly ignore the SERCA1 pump of fast-twitch skeletal muscle since its structure and function is by far the best understood and it can serve as a guide to understand the other members of the family. In a second part of this review we describe the relatively novel family of secretory pathway Ca(2+)/Mn(2+) ATPases (SPCA), which in eukaryotic cells are primarily found in the Golgi compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wuytack
- Laboratorium voor Fysiologie, K.U.Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium.
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