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Majewska A, Brodaczewska K, Filipiak-Duliban A, Kieda C. Comparative analysis of the effect of hypoxia in two different tumor cell models shows the differential involvement of PTEN control of proangiogenic pathways. Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 102:47-59. [PMID: 37459649 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2023-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia, low, non-physiological oxygen tension is a key regulator of tumor microenvironment, determining the pathological tumor vascularization. Alleviation of hypoxia through vessel normalization may be a promising therapeutic approach. We aimed to assess the role of low oxygen tension in PTEN-related pathways and proangiogenic response, in vitro, in two different tumor cell lines, focusing on potential therapeutic targets for tumor vessel normalization. Downregulation of PTEN in hypoxia mediates the activation of distinct mechanisms: cytoplasmic pAKT activation in melanoma and pMDM2 modulation in kidney cancer. We show that hypoxia-induced proangiogenic potential was stronger in Renca cells than B16 F10-confirmed by a distinct secretory potential and different ability to affect endothelial cells functions. Therefore, the impact of hypoxia on PTEN-mediated regulation may determine the therapeutic targets and effectiveness of vessel normalization and intrinsic characteristics of cancer cell have to be taken into account when designing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Majewska
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Szaserów 128, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301 CNRS, 45071 Orleans, France
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Khezri MR, Mohammadipanah S, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. The pharmacological effects of Berberine and its therapeutic potential in different diseases: Role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:349-367. [PMID: 37922566 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays a central role in cell growth and survival and is disturbed in various pathologies. The PI3K is a kinase that generates phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI (3-5) P3), as a second messenger responsible for the translocation of AKT to the plasma membrane and its activation. However, due to the crucial role of the PI3K/AKT pathway in regulation of cell survival processes, it has been introduced as a main therapeutic target for natural compounds during the progression of different pathologies. Berberine, a plant-derived isoquinone alkaloid, is known because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antitumor properties. The effect of this natural compound on cell survival processes has been shown to be mediated by modulation of the intracellular pathways. However, the effects of this natural compound on the PI3K/AKT pathway in various pathologies have not been reviewed so far. Therefore, this paper aims to review the PI3K/AKT-mediated effects of Berberine in different types of cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, and central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Hu Y, Ma P, Chen L, Liu J, Shang Y, Jian W. Multi-parameter cardiac magnetic resonance imaging detects anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in rabbits model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21845. [PMID: 38058655 PMCID: PMC10695840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) quantitative T1 and T2 mapping offers a non-invasive means to evaluate early cardiotoxicity changes. This study aimed to pinpoint the earliest CMR indicators of myocardial injury in Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) and to elucidate the connections between these CMR indicators and associated pathological indicators. Methods A total of 34 rabbits were administered doxorubicin at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/weekly. The study incorporated six 3T CMR scan time points: baseline, and at intervals of four, six, eight, twelve, and sixteen weeks. Cine, T1 and T2 mapping sequences assessed the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), native T1, extracellular volume fraction (ECV), and T2 values. Following each time point, three rabbits were sacrificed for histological analysis involving Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson, TUNEL, and microvascular density (MVD) stains. Spearman correlations and linear mixed model analysis served in the statistical analysis. Results Diverse degrees of alternation were recorded in LVEF, native T1, T2, and ECV over time. LVEF declined to 49.0 ± 2.6 % at 12 weeks from the baseline of 53.4 ± 3.2 %, p < 0.001. Native T1 values increase from the baseline (1396.5 ± 79.2 ms) until 8 weeks (1498.8 ± 95.4 ms, p < 0.001). T2 values increased from the baseline (36.6 ± 3.3 ms) within 4 weeks of initiation (37.5 ± 3.4, p = 0.02) and remained elevated through 16 weeks (42.8 ± 0.3, p < 0.01). ECV was elevated at 8 weeks (33.9 ± 3.8 %, p = 0.005) compared to the baseline (30.2 ± 2.5 %). By week 12, myocardial edema and increased CVF were apparent (p = 0.04 and = 0.001, respectively). The area under ROC curve for positive CMR presence and the gold standards were 0.87 (T2-ROC, 4 weeks) and 0.92 (LVEF&BNP-ROC, 12 weeks). Conclusion T1 and T2 mapping are effective tools for cardiotoxicity detection and monitoring. The prolongation of T2 value emerged as the most consistent and early-onset indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Peisong Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yongning Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Jian
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- 7T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Translational Medical Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Letafati A, Mozhgani SH, Marjani A, Amiri A, Siami Z, Mohammaditabar M, Molaverdi G, Hedayatyaghoobi M. Decoding dysregulated angiogenesis in HTLV-1 asymptomatic carriers compared to healthy individuals. Med Oncol 2023; 40:317. [PMID: 37792095 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02177-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first identified human retrovirus responsible for two significant diseases: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic carriers, a small percentage may develop ATLL or HAM/TSP. In tumorigenesis, a crucial process is angiogenesis, which involves the formation of new blood vessels. However, the precise mechanism of HTLV-1 associated angiogenesis remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the gene regulation involved in the angiogenesis signaling pathway associated with HTLV-1 infection. The research enrolled 20 male participants, including asymptomatic carriers and healthy individuals. Blood samples were collected and screened using ELISA for HTLV-1 confirmation, and PCR was performed for both Tax and HBZ for validation. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were carried out, followed by RT-qPCR analysis targeting cellular genes involved in angiogenesis. Our findings indicate that gene expression related to angiogenesis was elevated in HTLV-1 ACs patients. However, the differences in gene expression of the analyzed genes, including HSP27, Paxillin, PDK1, PTEN, RAF1, SOS1, and VEGFR2 between ACs and healthy individuals were not statistically significant. This suggests that although angiogenesis-related genes may show increased expression in HTLV-1 infection, they might not be robust indicators of ATLL progression in asymptomatic carriers. The results of our study demonstrate that angiogenesis gene expression is altered in ACs of HTLV-1, indicating potential involvement of angiogenesis in the early stages before ATLL development. While we observed elevated angiogenesis gene expression in ACs, the lack of statistical significance between ACs and healthy individuals suggests that these gene markers may not be sufficient on their own to predict the development of ATLL in asymptomatic carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Arezoo Marjani
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zeinab Siami
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Ghazale Molaverdi
- Student Research Committee, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Hedayatyaghoobi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Brodaczewska K, Majewska A, Filipiak-Duliban A, Kieda C. Pten knockout affects drug resistance differently in melanoma and kidney cancer. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1187-1199. [PMID: 37673853 PMCID: PMC10539195 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTEN is a tumor suppressor that is often mutated and nonfunctional in many types of cancer. The high heterogeneity of PTEN function between tumor types makes new Pten knockout models necessary to assess its impact on cancer progression and/or treatment outcomes. METHODS We aimed to show the effect of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Pten knockout on murine melanoma (B16 F10) and kidney cancer (Renca) cells. We evaluated the effect of PTEN deregulation on tumor progression in vivo and in vitro, as well as on the effectiveness of drug treatment in vitro. In addition, we studied the molecular changes induced by Pten knockout. RESULTS In both models, Pten mutation did not cause significant changes in cell proliferation in vitro or in vivo. Cells with Pten knockout differed in sensitivity to cisplatin treatment: in B16 F10 cells, the lack of PTEN induced sensitivity and, in Renca cells, resistance to drug treatment. Accumulation of pAKT was observed in both cell lines, but only Renca cells showed upregulation of the p53 level after Pten knockout. PTEN deregulation also varied in the way that it altered PAI-1 secretion in the tested models, showing a decrease in PAI-1 in B16 F10 Pten/KO and an increase in Renca Pten/KO cells. In kidney cancer cells, Pten knockout caused changes in epithelial to mesenchymal transition marker expression, with downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of Snail, Mmp9, and Acta2 (α-SMA). CONCLUSIONS The results confirmed heterogenous cell responses to PTEN loss, which may lead to a better understanding of the role of PTEN in particular types of tumors and points to PTEN as a therapeutic target for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Filipiak-Duliban
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (Medical University of Warsaw), Żwirki I Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine - National Research Institute, Szaserów 128, 01-141, Warsaw, Poland
- Center for Molecular Biophysics UPR 4301, CNRS, 45071, Orleans, France
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Dusing M, LaSarge CL, White A, Jerow LG, Gross C, Danzer SC. Neurovascular Development in Pten and Tsc2 Mouse Mutants. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0340-22.2023. [PMID: 36759189 PMCID: PMC9953070 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0340-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is linked to more than a dozen neurologic diseases, causing a range of pathologies, including excess neuronal growth, disrupted neuronal migration, cortical dysplasia, epilepsy and autism. The mTOR pathway also regulates angiogenesis. For the present study, therefore, we queried whether loss of Pten or Tsc2, both mTOR negative regulators, alters brain vasculature in three mouse models: one with Pten loss restricted to hippocampal dentate granule cells [DGC-Pten knock-outs (KOs)], a second with widespread Pten loss from excitatory forebrain neurons (FB-Pten KOs) and a third with focal loss of Tsc2 from cortical excitatory neurons (f-Tsc2 KOs). Total hippocampal vessel length and volume per dentate gyrus were dramatically increased in DGC-Pten knock-outs. DGC-Pten knock-outs had larger dentate gyri overall, however, and when normalized to these larger structures, vessel density was preserved. In addition, tests of blood-brain barrier integrity did not reveal increased permeability. FB-Pten KOs recapitulated the findings in the more restricted DGC-Pten KOs, with increased vessel area, but preserved vessel density. FB-Pten KOs did, however, exhibit elevated levels of the angiogenic factor VegfA. In contrast to findings with Pten, focal loss of Tsc2 from cortical excitatory neurons produced a localized increase in vessel density. Together, these studies demonstrate that hypervascularization is not a consistent feature of mTOR hyperactivation models and suggest that loss of different mTOR pathway regulatory genes exert distinct effects on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Dusing
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Candi L LaSarge
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | - Angela White
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
| | - Lilian G Jerow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | - Christina Gross
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
| | - Steve C Danzer
- Department of Anesthesia, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Departments of Anesthesia and Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Center for Pediatric Neuroscience, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45229
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45219
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Ma P, Liu J, Hu Y, Chen L, Liang H, Zhou X, Shang Y, Wang J. Stress CMR T1-mapping technique for assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction in a rabbit model of type II diabetes mellitus: Validation against histopathologic changes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1066332. [PMID: 36741851 PMCID: PMC9895118 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1066332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an early character of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and is indicative of adverse events. The present study aimed to validate the performance of the stress T1 mapping technique on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for identifying CMD from a histopathologic perspective and to establish the time course of CMD-related parameters in a rabbit model of T2DM. Methods New Zealand white rabbits (n = 30) were randomly divided into a control (n = 8), T2DM 5-week (n = 6), T2DM 10-week (n = 9), and T2DM 15-week (n = 7) groups. The CMR protocol included rest and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stress T1-mapping imaging using the 5b(20b)3b-modified look-locker inversion-recovery (MOLLI) schema to quantify stress T1 response (stress ΔT1), and first-pass perfusion CMR to quantify myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI). After the CMR imaging, myocardial tissue was subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining to evaluate pathological changes, Masson trichrome staining to measure collagen volume fraction (CVF), and CD31 staining to measure microvascular density (MVD). The associations between CMR parameters and pathological findings were determined using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The stress ΔT1 values were 6.21 ± 0.59%, 4.88 ± 0.49%, 3.80 ± 0.40%, and 3.06 ± 0.54% in the control, T2DM 5-week, 10-week, and 15-week groups, respectively (p < 0.001) and were progressively weakened with longer duration of T2DM. Furthermore, a significant correlation was demonstrated between the stress ΔT1 vs. CVF and MVD (r = -0.562 and 0.886, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusion The stress T1 response correlated well with the histopathologic measures in T2DM rabbits, indicating that it may serve as a sensitive CMD-related indicator in early T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yurou Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongqin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Yongning Shang,
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Jian Wang,
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Ma P, Liu J, Hu Y, Zhou X, Shang Y, Wang J. Histologic validation of stress cardiac magnetic resonance T1-mapping techniques for detection of coronary microvascular dysfunction in rabbits. Int J Cardiol 2022; 347:76-82. [PMID: 34736980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.10.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the diagnostic performance of stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1-mapping for the detection of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) by correlating microvascular density (MVD) and collagen volume fraction (CVF) with T1 response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stress (stress ΔT1) in rabbits. METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into the CMD group induced by microembolization spheres (n = 10), sham-operated group (n = 5), and control group (n = 9). All rabbits underwent 3.0 T CMR, both rest and ATP stress T1-maps were obtained, and first-pass perfusion imaging was performed. Stress ΔT1 and myocardial perfusion reserve index (MPRI) were calculated. For the histologic study, each rabbit was sacrificed after CMR scanning. Left ventricular myocardial tissue was stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), Masson, and CD31, from which MVD and CVF were extracted. Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the strength of the association between the stress ΔT1 and both MVD and CVF. RESULTS The stress ΔT1 values (CMD, 2.53 ± 0.37% vs. control, 6.00 ± 0.64% vs. Sham, 6.07 ± 0.97%, p < 0.001) and MPRI (CMD, 1.45 ± 0.13 vs. control, 1.94 ± 0.23, vs. sham, 1.89 ± 0.15, p < 0.001) were both lower in CMD rabbits compared with sham-operated and control rabbits. Further, the stress ΔT1 showed a high correlation with CVF (r = -0.806, p < 0.001) and MVD (r = 0.920, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Stress T1 response strongly correlates with pathological MVD and CVF, indicating that stress CMR T1 mapping can accurately detect microvascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisong Ma
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yurou Hu
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning Shang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Radiology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Yang C, Chen C, Xiao Q, Wang X, Shou Y, Tian X, Wang S, Li H, Liang Y, Shu J, Chen K, Sun M. Relationship Between PTEN and Angiogenesis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and the Underlying Mechanism. Front Oncol 2021; 11:739297. [PMID: 34796109 PMCID: PMC8593196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.739297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has high morbidity and mortality rates owing to its ability to infiltrate and metastasize. Microvessels formed in early-stage ESCC promote metastasis. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mediates macrophage polarization, but its effect and mechanism on early ESCC angiogenesis are unclear. To explore the molecular mechanism underlying early ESCC metastasis through blood vessels, we investigated the relationship between PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/p-AKT protein levels, number of infiltrated macrophages, and angiogenesis in ESCC and ESCC-adjacent normal esophageal mucosa tissues from 49 patients. Additionally, PTEN was overexpressed or silenced in the esophageal cancer cell line EC9706, and its supernatant served as conditioning medium for M1 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). The culture medium of macrophages served as conditioning medium for esophageal tumor-associated vascular endothelial cells (TECs) to study the biological behavior of PTEN-plasmid, PTEN-siRNA, and control TECs. We found that M1 TAM infiltration in ESCC tissues was low, whereas M2 TAM infiltration was high. Microvessel density was large, PTEN was down-regulated, and the PI3K/AKT pathway was activated in ESCC specimens. These parameters significantly related to the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and pathological staging of ESCC. Silencing of PTEN in EC9706 cells significantly activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in macrophages, promoting M1-to-M2 TAM polarization and enhancing TECs’ ability to proliferate, migrate, invade, form tubes, and secrete vascular endothelial growth factor. We believe that PTEN silencing in esophageal cancer cells activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in macrophages via the tumor microenvironment, induces M2 TAM polarization, and enhances the malignant behavior of TECs, thereby promoting ESCC angiogenesis. Our findings lay an empirical foundation for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenbo Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Shou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaiyuan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Shu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kuisheng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Pathology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Erdoğan MK, Ağca CA, Aşkın H. Quercetin and Luteolin Improve the Anticancer Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model: A Mechanistic Insight. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:660-676. [PMID: 34309458 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of quercetin and luteolin combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell viability induced by quercetin, luteolin and combination of these compounds with 5-FU were determined by MTT assay, also Cell death detection Elisa assay and fluorescence microscopy were performed to investigate apoptotic effects. Hu-VEGF Elisa assay was employed to determine the effects of treatments on angiogenesis. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate effects on p53, Bax, Bcl-2, p38 MAPK, mTOR, PTEN, and Akt proteins and genes. The results indicated that quercetin, luteolin and combinations of these compounds with 5-FU inhibited the growth of HT 29 cells. Compared to the control, apoptosis were triggered 8.1 and 10.1 fold in HT-29 cells, that treated with quercetin + 5-FU and luteolin + 5-FU, respectively. VEGF amount significantly decreased by combined treatments. qRT-PCR and western blot results demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin and the combinations of these flavonoids with 5-FU, modulate the apoptotic pathways in HT-29 cells. The increase in p53, Bax, p38 MAPK, and PTEN gene expression levels compared to the control group was 1.71, 1.42, 3.26, and 3.29-fold with 5-FU + L treatment, respectively, while this increase was 8.43, 1.65, 3.55, and 3.54-fold with 5-FU + Q treatment, respectively. In addition, when the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, mTOR, and Akt gene expression levels were normalized as 1 in the control group, they were 0.28, 0.41, and 0.22 with 5-FU + L treatment, and 0.32, 0.46, and 0.39, respectively, with 5-FU + Q treatment. These findings suggested that quercetin and luteolin synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of 5-FU in HT 29 cells and may therefore minimize the toxic effects of 5-FU in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadir Erdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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11
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Wang B, Hua P, Wang R, Li J, Zhang G, Jin C, Zhang Y. Inhibited MicroRNA-301 Restrains Angiogenesis and Cell Growth in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Elevating PTEN. Nanoscale Res Lett 2021; 16:3. [PMID: 33404856 PMCID: PMC7788144 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-020-03452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is featured by early metastasis and late diagnosis. MicroRNA-301 (miR-301) is known to participate in diverse cancers. Nevertheless, effects of miR-301 on ESCC remain unexplored. Thus, we aim to explore the role of miR-301 in ESCC progression. METHODS Expression of miR-301 and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in ESCC tissues and cell lines was assessed. Next, the screened cells were treated with altered miR-301 or PTEN oligonucleotide and plasmid, and then, the colony formation ability, cell viability, migration, invasion, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of ESCC cells were assessed. Moreover, tumor growth and microvessel density (MVD) were also assessed, and the targeting relationship between miR-301 and PTEN was affirmed. RESULTS MiR-301 was upregulated, and PTEN was downregulated in ESCC tissues and cells. KYSE30 cells and Eca109 cells were selected for functional assays. In KYSE30 cells, inhibited miR-301 or overexpressed PTEN suppressed cell malignant behaviors, and silenced PTEN eliminated the impact of miR-301 inhibition on ESCC progression. In Eca109 cells, miR-301 overexpression or PTEN inhibition promoted cell malignant behaviors, and PTEN overexpression reversed the effects of miR-301 elevation on ESCC progression. The in vivo assay revealed that miR-301 inhibition or PTEN overexpression repressed ESCC tumor growth and MVD, and miR-301 elevation or PTEN reduction had contrary effects. Moreover, PTEN was targeted by miR-301. CONCLUSION Taken together, results in our study revealed that miR-301 affected cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis via regulating PTEN expression in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Peiyan Hua
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Operating Room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Guangxin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyan Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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Cui J, Shen HM, Lim LHK. The Role of Autophagy in Liver Cancer: Crosstalk in Signaling Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E432. [PMID: 33260729 DOI: 10.3390/ph13120432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal-dependent pathway for degrading cytoplasmic proteins, macromolecules, and organelles. Autophagy-related genes (Atgs) are the core molecular machinery in the control of autophagy, and several major functional groups of Atgs coordinate the entire autophagic process. Autophagy plays a dual role in liver cancer development via several critical signaling pathways, including the PI3K-AKT-mTOR, AMPK-mTOR, EGF, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, p53, and NF-κB pathways. Here, we review the signaling pathways involved in the cross-talk between autophagy and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and analyze the status of the development of novel HCC therapy by targeting the core molecular machinery of autophagy as well as the key signaling pathways. The induction or the inhibition of autophagy by the modulation of signaling pathways can confer therapeutic benefits to patients. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the cross-link of autophagy and HCC may extend to translational studies that may ultimately lead to novel therapy and regimen formation in HCC treatment.
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Fu X, Liu Z, Xiang L, Liu M, Zheng X, Wang J, Liu N, Gao H, Jiang A, Yang Y, Liang X, Ruan Z, Tian T, Yao Y. PD-L1 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Surgically Resected Limited Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10939-10948. [PMID: 33154673 PMCID: PMC7608588 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s260599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive high-grade neuroendocrine tumor with limited treatment strategies. Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), delta-like ligand-3 (DLL-3), and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shed light on the treatment of extensive stage-SCLC. However, the expression and prognostic role of PD-L1, DLL-3, and PARP are barely explored in surgically resected limited stage-SCLC (LS-SCLC). Methods We retrospectively reviewed 404 SCLC patients from 2011 to 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and collected 43 surgically resected LS-SCLC samples with adequate materials and histological specimens containing abundant tumor cells. Immunohistochemistry staining of PD-L1, DLL-3, and PAPR1 was performed by anti-PD-L1 (22C3/Dako), anti-DLL-3, and anti-PAPR1 antibodies, respectively. Positive expression of PD-L1 was characterized as >5% tumor cells and/or tumor-infiltrating immune cells expressing PD-L1. The correlation between PD-L1, DLL-3, PARP1, and clinicopathological characteristics of surgically resected LS-SCLC patients was performed by χ2 test. The survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and analyzed by the Log rank test and Cox proportional hazards model. Results and Conclusion 63.04% patients were positive for PD-L1, 65.12% were positive for DLL-3, and 20.93% were positive for PARP1. DLL-3 was significantly overexpressed in SCLC tissues, compared with matched para-noncancerous tissues. Male, elder than 60 years old, advanced TNM stage, smoking, and positive PD-L1 expression predicted shorter DFS, while patients received adjuvant therapy performed better DFS. Further multivariate analysis revealed that TNM stage (HR=2.51, 95% CI=1.31–4.78, P=0.005) was an individual prognostic factor for DFS in LS-SCLC. Moreover, advanced TNM stage and positive PD-L1 expression also indicated worse OS, but adjuvant therapy improved OS in LS-SCLC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that PD-L1 and TNM stage were independent and significant negative predictive factors for OS (HR=2.89, 95% CI=1.21–6.93, P=0.017; HR=2.49, 95% CI=1.25–4.94, P=0.009 for PD-L1 and TNM stage, respectively), while adjuvant treatment was an independent positive prognostic factor for OS (HR=0.37, 95% CI=0.17–0.81, P=0.012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Luochengling Xiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- The Third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is an important process in tissue repair and regeneration as blood vessels are integral to supply nutrients to a functioning tissue. In this review, the application of microRNAs (miRNAs) or anti-miRNAs that can induce angiogenesis to aid in blood vessel formation for vascular tissue engineering in ischemic diseases such as peripheral arterial disease and stroke, cardiac diseases, and skin and bone tissue engineering is discussed. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the endothelium of the blood vessel and are recognized as the primary cell type that drives angiogenesis and studied in the applications that were reviewed. Besides ECs, mesenchymal stem cells can also play a pivotal role in these applications, specifically, by secreting growth factors or cytokines for paracrine signaling and/or as constituent cells in the new blood vessel formed. In addition to delivering miRNAs or cells transfected/transduced with miRNAs for angiogenesis and vascular tissue engineering, the utilization of extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and EVs collectively, has been more recently explored. Proangiogenic miRNAs and anti-miRNAs contribute to angiogenesis by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of targets to upregulate proangiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 and increase the transduction of VEGF signaling through the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways such as phosphatase and tensin homolog or regulating the signaling of other pathways important for angiogenesis such as the Notch signaling pathway and the pathway to produce nitric oxide. In conclusion, angiogenesis-inducing miRNAs and anti-miRNAs are promising tools for vascular tissue engineering for several applications; however, future work should emphasize optimizing the delivery and usage of these therapies as miRNAs can also be associated with the negative implications of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- May-Hui Ding
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Eloy G Lozoya
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Rene N Rico
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
| | - Sue Anne Chew
- Department of Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA
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Zhang H, Xu HB, Kurban E, Luo HW. LncRNA SNHG14 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via H3K27 acetylation activated PABPC1 by PTEN signaling. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:646. [PMID: 32811821 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 (SNHG14) functions as an oncogene in a variety of cancers. However, the role of SNHG14 in HCC remains elusive. The aim of this study is to unravel the functional role and regulatory mechanism of SNHG14 in HCC. A cohort of 40 HCC tumor tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were collected. Histopathological changes were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry. qRT-PCR and western blotting were performed to determine the levels of SNHG14, PABPC1, and PTEN signaling molecules. CCK-8, immunofluorescence, and colony formation assays were conducted to monitor cell proliferation. Wound healing and tube formation assays were employed to determine cell migration and angiogenesis. ChIP assay was performed to investigate the enrichment of H3K27 acetylation in PABPC1 promoter. Xenograft mice model was constructed to further verify the SNHG14/PABPC1 axis in vivo. SNHG14 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cells, which promoted cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. PABPC1 functioned as a downstream effector of SNHG14. SNHG14 dramatically induced upregulation of PABPC1 via H3K27 acetylation. In addition, SNHG14/PABPC1 promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis via PTEN signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. SNHG14 promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis via upregulating PABPC1 through H3K27 acetylation and modulating PTEN signaling in the tumorigenesis of HCC.
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16
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Conciatori F, Bazzichetto C, Falcone I, Ciuffreda L, Ferretti G, Vari S, Ferraresi V, Cognetti F, Milella M. PTEN Function at the Interface between Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: Implications for Response to Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5337. [PMID: 32727102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that rewiring the host immune system in favor of an antitumor microenvironment achieves remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of many hematological and solid cancer patients. Nevertheless, despite the promising development of many new and interesting therapeutic strategies, many of these still fail from a clinical point of view, probably due to the lack of prognostic and predictive biomarkers. In that respect, several data shed new light on the role of the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in affecting the composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME) as well as resistance/sensitivity to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on PTEN functions in different TME compartments (immune and stromal cells) and how they can modulate sensitivity/resistance to different immunological manipulations and ultimately influence clinical response to cancer immunotherapy.
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Zhou Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Jia Y, Zhang C, Peng L. Hydrazinocurcumin and 5-fluorouracil enhance apoptosis and restrain tumorigenicity of HepG2 cells via disrupting the PTEN-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:109851. [PMID: 32559627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrazinocurcumin (HZC), a curcumin analogue, serves as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer and lung cancer. In this study, we investigate the role and mechanism of HZC in regulating HepG2 cell apoptosis and tumorigenicity, and its synergistic effects with 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). HepG2 cells were treated with HZC and/or 5-Fu to analyze the possible synergistic effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle distribution in vitro using EdU staining, Hoechst staining and flow cytometry, respectively. For mechanistic investigation we used pic, a phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) inhibitor, and in other studies assessed the expression pattern of PTEN and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway-related genes. Additionally, we tested in vivo effects of HZC and 5-Fu treatment on growth of HepG2 cell tumors in nude mice. We found that HZC or 5-Fu induced apoptosis and repressed proliferation of HepG2 cells by upregulating the expression of PTEN and disrupting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation. Moreover, HZC had a higher pro-apoptotic effect than 5-Fu. HZC and 5-Fu induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and inhibited their tumorigenicity in vivo. Inhibition of PTEN expression activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and reversed the protective effects of HZC or 5-Fu. Thus, HZC and 5-Fu increase PTEN, which blocks the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, ultimately inducing HepG2 cell apoptosis. Importantly, the synergistic combination of HZC and 5-Fu may present promising strategy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Yuming Jia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050011, PR China.
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Cheng H, Jiang X, Zhang Q, Ma J, Cheng R, Yong H, Shi H, Zhou X, Ge L, Gao G. Naringin inhibits colorectal cancer cell growth by repressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:3798-3804. [PMID: 32346444 PMCID: PMC7185071 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) has increased and research into new treatment methods for CRC has become a hot topic. Naringin has an inhibitory effect on the PI3k/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in various tumor cell types and the effect of naringin is closely related to the occurrence and proliferation of tumor cells. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether naringin could inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This could provide a more mechanism-based treatment for CRC. MTT assays were used to detect the proliferation of CRC cells treated with various concentrations of naringin. The degree of apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax) in CRC cells stimulated by naringin was detected using flow cytometry and western blot assays, respectively. The expression levels of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-related proteins [PI3K, AKT, mTOR, phosphorylated (p)-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR] after naringin stimulation in CRC cells were detected using western blot assays. Naringin inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Naringin promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells and inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that naringin may be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of CRC, which may inhibit the proliferation of CRC cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Ronghui Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Yong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Huichang Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Xueyi Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Liyue Ge
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
| | - Guangyi Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, P.R. China
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Liu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Chan AM. Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1247. [PMID: 31454965 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
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Talaat RM, Abo-Zeid TM, Abo-Elfadl MT, El-Maadawy EA, Hassanin MM. Combined Hyperthermia and Radiation Therapy for Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2303-2310. [PMID: 31450899 PMCID: PMC6852830 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.8.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no doubt that hyperthermia is one of the powerful radiosensitizers. Finding a proper mechanism working in hyperthermia/radiation combination is still pronounced challenge. Objectives: This study is focusing on the anti-cancer activities (anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic and antiapoptotic) of thermoradiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Liver cancer cell line (HepG2) was treated by 37oC, 40oC and 43oC hyperthermia degrees combined with three radiation doses (2 Gy, 4 Gy and 8 Gy) for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Cell viability, apoptotic/necrotic cell screening, apoptotic (BAX and FasL) and antiapoptotic (BCL-2 and GRP78) genes, and pro-angiogenic mediators [vascular endothelial- (VEGF) and Platelet derived-growth factors (PDGF) ware investigated. Results: Our data showed that 40oC temperature combined with 4 Gy radiation gives a significant decrease (p<0.05) in cell viability. Maximum cytotoxicity was reported 48 hr post-treatment followed by slight restoration of cell viability after 72 hr. Compared with untreated cells, only 5% of viable cells with a high percentage of apoptotic (31%) and necrotic (63%) cells were demonstrated in 40oC/4 Gy/48 hr group. Expression of pro-apoptotic genes (BAX and FasL) were increased after hyperthermia with apparent elevation in 40oC/4 Gy/48 hr group coincides with moderate expression of antiapoptotic BCL-2 and GRP78 genes. A significant reduction (p<0.001; p<0.05) in VEGF and PDGF levels; respectively was shown at 40oC/4 Gy/48 hr group. Conclusions: This pilot study proposed 40oC mild temperature hyperthermia as a favorable hyperthermal condition with 4 Gy radiotherapy in HCC treatment. A further research has to be performed considering an application of more than one session of radiothermal therapy at 40oC/4 Gy for total abrogation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roba M Talaat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Tamer M Abo-Zeid
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Center of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Eman A El-Maadawy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Mona M Hassanin
- Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Department of Radioisotope, Cairo, Egypt
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Nariman-saleh-fam Z, Vahed SZ, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Daraei A, Saadatian Z, Kafil HS, Yousefi B, Eyvazi S, Khaheshi I, Parsa SA, Moravej A, Mousavi N, Bastami M, Mansoori Y. Expression pattern of miR-21, miR-25 and PTEN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with significant or insignificant coronary stenosis. Gene 2019; 698:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Seebacher NA, Stacy AE, Porter GM, Merlot AM. Clinical development of targeted and immune based anti-cancer therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:156. [PMID: 30975211 PMCID: PMC6460662 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is currently the second leading cause of death globally and is expected to be responsible for approximately 9.6 million deaths in 2018. With an unprecedented understanding of the molecular pathways that drive the development and progression of human cancers, novel targeted therapies have become an exciting new development for anti-cancer medicine. These targeted therapies, also known as biologic therapies, have become a major modality of medical treatment, by acting to block the growth of cancer cells by specifically targeting molecules required for cell growth and tumorigenesis. Due to their specificity, these new therapies are expected to have better efficacy and limited adverse side effects when compared with other treatment options, including hormonal and cytotoxic therapies. In this review, we explore the clinical development, successes and challenges facing targeted anti-cancer therapies, including both small molecule inhibitors and antibody targeted therapies. Herein, we introduce targeted therapies to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), BRAF, and the inhibitors of the T-cell mediated immune response, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/ PD-1 ligand (PD-1 L).
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Seebacher
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - A E Stacy
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, 2010, Australia
| | - G M Porter
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia
| | - A M Merlot
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia. .,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia. .,UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, 2031, Australia.
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23
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Abstract
Various molecular targeted therapies and diagnostic modalities have been developed for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, HCC still remains a difficult malignancy to cure. Recently, the focus has shifted to cancer metabolism for the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers, including HCC. In addition to conventional diagnostics, the measurement of enhanced tumor cell metabolism using F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) for increased glycolysis or C-11 acetate for fatty acid synthesis by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is well established for clinical management of HCC. Unlike tumors displaying the Warburg effect, HCCs vary substantially in terms of 18F-FDG uptake, which considerably reduces the sensitivity for tumor detection. Accordingly, C-11 acetate has been proposed as a complementary radiotracer for detecting tumors that are not identified by 18F-FDG. In addition to HCC diagnosis, since the degree of 18F-FDG uptake converted to standardized uptake value (SUV) correlates well with tumor aggressiveness, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans can predict patient outcomes such as treatment response and survival with an inverse relationship between SUV and survival. The loss of tumor suppressor genes or activation of oncogenes plays an important role in promoting HCC development, and might be involved in the "metabolic reprogramming" of cancer cells. Mutations in various genes such as TERT, CTNNB1, TP53, and Axin1 are responsible for the development of HCC. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in cancer metabolism are deregulated in HCC, indicating that the modulation of genes/miRNAs might affect HCC growth or metastasis. In this review, we will discuss cancer metabolism as a mechanism for treatment resistance, as well as an attractive potential therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misu Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Life Science, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Haeyong Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Zhang Z, Yao L, Yang J, Wang Z, Du G. PI3K/Akt and HIF‑1 signaling pathway in hypoxia‑ischemia (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3547-3554. [PMID: 30106145 PMCID: PMC6131612 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) is frequently observed in perinatal asphyxia and other diseases. It can lead to serious cardiac injury, cerebral damage, neurological disability and mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway, which regulates a wide range of cellular functions, is involved in the resistance response to H-I through the activation of proteins associated with survival and inactivation of apoptosis-associated proteins. It can also regulate the expression of hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α). HIF-1α can further regulate the expression of downstream proteins involved in glucose metabolism and angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin, to facilitate ischemic adaptation. Notably, HIF-1α may also induce detrimental effects. The effects of HIF-1 on ischemic outcomes may be dependent on the H-I duration, animal age and species. Thus, further investigation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may provide further insights of the potential targets for treating diseases accompanied by H-I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510100, P.R. China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
| | - Zhenkang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Gang Du
- Department of Bioinformatics, Guangzhou GenCoding Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510670, P.R. China
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25
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Khor ES, Wong PF. Endothelial replicative senescence delayed by the inhibition of MTORC1 signaling involves MicroRNA-107. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 101:64-73. [PMID: 29857052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent endothelial cells can contribute to endothelium dysfunction. Suppression of MTOR signaling has been shown to delay senescence but the mechanism that underpins this effect, particularly one that involves miRNAs, remains to be further defined. This study sought to identify miRNAs involved in MTORC1-mediated inhibition of replicative senescence in endothelial cells. Pre-senescent HUVECs were prolonged treated with low dose rapamycin (1 nM), an MTOR inhibitor. Rapamycin treatment down-regulated the phosphorylated MTOR, RPS6 and 4EBP1 expressions, which confirmed MTORC1 suppression. Prolonged low dose rapamycin treatment has significantly reduced the percentage of senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β gal) positively stained senescent cells and P16INK4A expression in these cells. On the contrary, the percentage of BrdU-labelled proliferating cells has significantly increased. RPTOR, a positive regulator of MTORC1 was knockdown using RPTOR siRNA to inhibit MTORC1 activation. RPTOR knockdown was evidenced by significant suppressions of RPTOR mRNA and protein expression levels. In these cells, the expression of miR-107 was down-regulated whereas miR-145-5p and miR-217 were up-regulated. Target gene prediction revealed PTEN as the target of miR-107 and this was confirmed by biotin pull-down assay. Over-expression of miR-107 has decreased PTEN expression, increased MTORC1 activity, induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and up-regulated P16INK4A expression but mitigated tube formation. Collectively, our findings revealed that delayed endothelial replicative senescence caused by the inhibition of MTORC1 activation could be modulated by miR-107 via its influence on PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Soon Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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26
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Fu X, Liu M, Qu S, Ma J, Zhang Y, Shi T, Wen H, Yang Y, Wang S, Wang J, Nan K, Yao Y, Tian T. Exosomal microRNA-32-5p induces multidrug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma via the PI3K/Akt pathway. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29530052 PMCID: PMC5846230 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance is the main obstacle for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. miR-32-5p is involved in HCC progression but its function in multidrug resistance is still unclear. Here we aim to find out the function of miR-32-5p in inducing multidrug resistance and its underlying mechanisms of transforming sensitive cell to resistant cell. METHODS We detected the expression of miR-32-5p and PTEN in the multidrug-resistant cell line (Bel/5-FU) and the sensitive cell line (Bel7402), HCC and para-carcinoma liver tissues through real-time PCR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay verified PTEN is the target of miR-32-5p. Exosomes from sensitive and multidrug resistant cell line were obtained and confirmed through ultracentrifuge and Nano Analyzer. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, rescue experiments, a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor, an exosome biogenesis inhibitor, and nude mice xenograft models were used to determine the underlying mechanisms of miR-32-5p and PTEN, as well as exosomal miR-32-5p in inducing multidrug resistance in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS miR-32-5p was significantly elevated but PTEN was reduced in Bel/5-FU. An inverse correlation between miR-32-5p and PTEN was confirmed in HCC cell lines and patients; moreover, high expression of miR-32-5p and low expression of PTEN were positively associated with poor prognosis. Over-expression of miR-32-5p activated the PI3K/Akt pathway by suppressing PTEN and induced multidrug resistance via exosomes through promoting angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the multidrug-resistant cell, Bel/5-FU delivers miR-32-5p to sensitive cell, Bel7402 by exosomes and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to further induce multidrug resistance by modulating angiogenesis and EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyang Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiequn Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongqing Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- The Third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Hale AJ, Ter Steege E, den Hertog J. Recent advances in understanding the role of protein-tyrosine phosphatases in development and disease. Dev Biol 2017; 428:283-92. [PMID: 28728679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) remove phosphate groups from tyrosine residues, and thereby propagate or inhibit signal transduction, and hence influence cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The importance of tightly controlled PTP activity is reflected by the numerous mechanisms employed by the cell to control PTP activity, including a variety of post-translational modifications, and restricted subcellular localization. This review highlights the strides made in the last decade and discusses the important role of PTPs in key aspects of embryonic development: the regulation of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation, gastrulation and somitogenesis during early embryonic development, osteogenesis, and angiogenesis. The tentative importance of PTPs in these processes is highlighted by the diseases that present upon aberrant activity.
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28
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Knaup KX, Guenther R, Stoeckert J, Monti JM, Eckardt KU, Wiesener MS. HIF is not essential for suppression of experimental tumor growth by mTOR inhibition. J Cancer 2017; 8:1809-1817. [PMID: 28819378 PMCID: PMC5556644 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hypoxia Inducible Transcription Factor (HIF) is the master regulator of cellular response to hypoxic adaptation. Solid tumors inevitably harbour hypoxic regions with subsequent stabilization and activation of HIF and HIF target genes due to poor vascularization and rapid growth. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a global regulator of cellular growth and proliferation, which can also regulate HIF expression independantly of hypoxia via specific activation of cellular translation and transcription. An effective blockade of mTOR results in attenuation of HIF under hypoxic conditions in vitro. This mechanism could enable a simultaneous inhibition of both the mTOR- and the HIF-pathway, resulting in an effective tool for cancer targeting. We set out to analyze the effect of mTOR inhibition and the involvement of mTOR regulation on HIF in vivo in a subcutaneous xenograft model in nude mice. Our results demonstrate that mTOR inhibition in our model leads to a clear reduction in tumor growth of various cellular origins, most likely due to inhibition of cellular proliferation. Moreover, these effects can also be achieved independently of the HIF status of the tumor cells. The HIF levels per se seem to remain unaffected by mTOR inhibition, probably due to the profound hypoxic environment in these threedimensional structures, consequently leading to a strong HIF stabillization. Therefore, treatment of these experimental tumors with mTOR inhibitors is an effective tool to achieve size regression. The involvement of and the effect on HIF in this in vivo setting is nevertheless negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl X Knaup
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Guenther
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johanna Stoeckert
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juliana M Monti
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael S Wiesener
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Devi L, Pothana L, Goel S. Dysregulation of angiogenesis-specific signalling in adult testis results in xenograft degeneration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2605. [PMID: 28572601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic xenografting of testis is a feasible option for preservation of male fertility and angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in xenograft survival and functionality. When compared to immature testis, the adult testis is unable to establish functional xenografts due to potentially lower efficiency to induce angiogenesis. The precise molecular mechanism, however, remains elusive. In the present study, we compared adult and immature testis xenografts for survival, maturation and germ cell differentiation. Further, we evaluated differential expression of angiogenesis signalling-specific proteins in adult and immature testis and their xenografts. Results showed that adult testis xenografts degenerated whereas immature testis xenografts survived and established spermatogenesis with the production of haploid germ cells. Protein expression analysis demonstrated that immature testis xenografts were able to establish angiogenesis either through eNOS activation via VEGF and PI3K/AKT or through EGFR-mediated STAT3 pathway. The role of ERK/MAPK pathway in xenograft angiogenesis was ruled out. The absence or reduced expression of angiogenesis-specific proteins in adult testis and its xenografts possibly resulted in poor angiogenesis and in their subsequent degeneration. This study provides insight into angiogenesis mechanism that can be utilized to augment testis xenografting efficiency.
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30
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Wu L, Zhang YS, Ye ML, Shen F, Liu W, Hu HS, Li SW, Wu HW, Chen QH, Zhou WB. Overexpression and correlation of HIF-2α, VEGFA and EphA2 in residual hepatocellular carcinoma following high-intensity focused ultrasound treatment: Implications for tumor recurrence and progression. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3529-3534. [PMID: 28587437 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of residual tumors can occur as a result of their recurrence and progression. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-2 subunit α (HIF-2α), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular A2 (EphA2) and angiogenesis in residual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), following treatment with high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation, in order to investigate the association between protein expression and tumor recurrence and growth. Athymic BALB/c (nu/nu) mice were subcutaneously inoculated with the HCC cell line HepG2, in order to create xenograft tumors. Approximately 30 days post-inoculation, eight mice were treated with HIFU, whereas eight mice received no treatment and acted as the control group. Residual tumor tissues were obtained from the experimental groups after one month. Levels of HIF-2α, VEGFA, EphA2 and cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) expression was measured by immunohistochemical staining. CD31-positive vascular endothelial cells were counted to calculate microvascular density (MVD), and western blot analysis was performed to determine levels of HIF-2α, VEGFA, and EphA2 protein. It was found that the expression levels of HIF-2α, VEGFA, EphA2, and MVD proteins in residual HCC tissues were significantly higher than in the control group tissues (P<0.05). Tumor MVD was strongly correlated with VEGFA (R=0.957, P<0.01) and EphA2 (R=0.993, P<0.01) protein expression levels. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between HIF-2α and EphA2 expression (R=0.991, P<0.01). The correlation between VEGFA and EphA2 expression was also positive (R=0.985, P<0.01). These data suggest that overexpression of HIF-2α, VEGFA and EphA2 is related to angiogenesis in residual HCC following HIFU ablation, potentially via their association with key mediators of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wu
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - You-Shun Zhang
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Liang Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shen
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Haikou Hospital of Maternal and Child Health, Haikou, Hainan 570100, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Sheng Hu
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Wei Wu
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Hua Chen
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bo Zhou
- Liver Surgery Institute of Experiment Center of Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442001, P.R. China
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31
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Fu X, Wen H, Jing L, Yang Y, Wang W, Liang X, Nan K, Yao Y, Tian T. MicroRNA-155-5p promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by suppressing PTEN through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:620-631. [PMID: 28132399 PMCID: PMC5406601 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA‐155‐5p (miR‐155‐5p) has been reported to play an oncogenic role in different human malignancies; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression is not clearly understood. In this study, we used real‐time PCR in 20 rats with chemically‐induced HCC, 28 human HCC tissues, and the matched paracarcinoma tissues, and HCC cell lines to determine the expression patterns of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN mRNA. Algorithm‐based and experimental strategies, such as dual luciferase gene reporter assays, real‐time PCR and western blots were used to identify PTEN as a candidate miR‐155‐5p target. Gain‐ and loss‐of‐function experiments and administration of a PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor (wortmannin) were used to identify the effects of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN in MTT assays, flow cytometric analysis, wound healing assays and transwell assays. The results showed that miR‐155‐5p was highly overexpressed; however, PTEN was underexpressed in the HCC rat models, human HCC tissues and cell lines. In addition, miR‐155‐5p upregulation and PTEN downregulation were significantly associated with TNM stage (P < 0.05). Through in vitro experiments, we found that miR‐155‐5p promoted proliferation, invasion and migration, but inhibited apoptosis in HCC by directly targeting the 3′‐UTR of PTEN. Western blots showed that miR‐155‐5p inactivated Bax and caspase‐9, but activated Bcl‐2 to inhibit apoptosis, and it activated MMP to promote migration and invasion via the PI3K/Akt pathway. A xenograft tumor model was used to demonstrate that miR‐155‐5p targets PTEN and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway in vivo as well. Our study highlighted the importance of miR‐155‐5p and PTEN associated with aggressive HCC both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongqing Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Respiratory, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- The third Department of Cardiology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Wang L, Chen Q, Ke D, Li G. Ghrelin inhibits atherosclerotic plaque angiogenesis and promotes plaque stability in a rabbit atherosclerotic model. Peptides 2017; 90:17-26. [PMID: 28189525 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intraplaque angiogenesis associates with the instability of atherosclerotic plaques. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on intraplaque angiogenesis and plaque instability in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups, namely, the control group, atherosclerotic model group, and ghrelin-treated group, with treatments lasting for 4 weeks. We found that the thickness ratio of the intima to media in rabbits of the ghrelin-treated group was significantly lower than that in rabbits of the atherosclerotic model group. The number of neovessels and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) decreased dramatically in rabbits of the ghrelin-treated group compared to those of the atherosclerotic model group. Ghrelin significantly decreased the plaque content of macrophages, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9, in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. In addition, the level of the pro-inflammatory factor monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 was significantly lower in rabbits of the ghrelin-treated group than in rabbits of the atherosclerotic model group. In summary, ghrelin can inhibit intraplaque angiogenesis and promote plaque stability by down-regulating VEGF and VEGFR2 expression, inhibiting the plaque content of macrophages, and reducing MCP-1 expression at an advanced stage of atherosclerosis in rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qingwei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing University of Medical Sciences, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Dazhi Ke
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Guiqiong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Abstract
Gene therapy is one of the recent approaches in treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Development of a vector or vehicle that can selectively and efficiently deliver the gene to target cells with minimal toxicity is an urgent demand. In the present study, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) genes were loaded to zein nanoparticles (ZNPs). The formulated PTEN and TRAIL-loaded ZNPs were tested for their in vitro and in vivo potential antitumor efficacy using liver tumor cells (HepG2) and HCC-induced rats as animal model. Also, mRNA expression of p53, VGEF and MMP-2 were carried out as markers of apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis in animal liver tissues. The results of the study showed that both PTEN and TRAIL-loaded ZNPs proved anti-proliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 0.09, 0.25 µg/ml, respectively. In vivo assay confirmed decrease in mRNA expression of both VEGF and MMP-2 with increased in P53 expression level in liver tissues of the treated animals. Therefore, authors introduced new integration between gene therapy and nanotechnology in the form of PTEN and TRAIL-loaded ZNPs that proved potential to be used in gene therapy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathia Zaki El Sharkawi
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Mohammed Ewais
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan Fahmy
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt.,c Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ahram Canadian University , Giza , Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
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Su R, Nan H, Guo H, Ruan Z, Jiang L, Song Y, Nan K. Associations of components of PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway with cancer stem cell markers and prognostic value of these biomarkers in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1380-1391. [PMID: 26932478 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the associations between components of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PTEN/AKT/mTOR) pathway and liver cancer stem cell (LCSC) markers, including CD133, CD90, CD44, and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), and to further evaluate the predictive values of these biomarkers for recurrence and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHOD Protein expressions and mRNA levels of PTEN and LCSC markers were determined in 110 HCC tissues and 98 adjacent non-tumor tissues. Protein expressions of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) and phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR) were detected to evaluate the activation of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway by using immunohistochemistry. Prognostic significance was analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Loss of PTEN expression was negatively correlated with positive expression of CD133, CD90, and EpCAM (P < 0.05). Positive expression of p-AKT and p-mTOR were positively associated with positive expression for CD133, CD90, and EpCAM (P < 0.05). By univariate and multivariate analysis, a higher level of α-fetoprotein, loss of PTEN expression, and CD133-positive, p-AKT-positive, p-mTOR-positive, and EpCAM-positive signals were predictors for HCC recurrence, whereas advanced TNM stage, loss of PTEN expression, and positive expression of p-AKT, p-mTOR, and CD133 were predictors for survival. Patients with PTEN- /CD133+ or PTEN- /EpCAM+ HCC had shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival times. CONCLUSION The PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway might play a crucial role in driving recurrence and influencing prognosis in HCC. There could be a potential repressive relationship between components of the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway and LCSCs. The combination of PTEN with CD133 or EpCAM expression may serve as a screening tool to monitor recurrence and predict prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujuan Su
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haocheng Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Khor ES, Noor SM, Wong PF. Expression of zTOR-associated microRNAs in zebrafish embryo treated with rapamycin. Life Sci 2016; 150:67-75. [PMID: 26916825 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are vital in modulating lifespan and various biological processes including vascular function. The pivotal roles of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in regulating senescence and angiogenesis have been extensively described. However, the roles of its orthologue, zebrafish target of rapamycin (zTOR) in senescence and angiogenesis remain to be unravelled. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of zTOR and identify miRNAs associated with senescence and angiogenesis. MAIN METHODS Zebrafish embryos were treated with rapamycin and the inhibition of zTOR and its downstream proteins were validated by immunoblotting. Following the treatment, melanocyte density was quantitated, and senescence and angiogenic responses were determined by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and endogenous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, respectively. Relative expression of microRNAs were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS Rapamycin (400 nM) suppressed zTOR pathway by down-regulating the phosphorylation of zTOR-associated proteins such as P70S6K and S6K at both 4h post-fertilisation (hpf) and 8hpf while 4E-BP1 was only down-regulated at 8hpf when compared to their respective vehicle controls. Treatment with rapamycin also resulted in significant suppression of melanocyte development and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity, and perturbed the development of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) of zebrafish embryos. In addition, the expressions of dre-miR-9-5p and -3p, dre-miR-25-3p and dre-miR-124-3p were significantly up-regulated in embryos treated with rapamycin from 4hpf. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest the involvement of zTOR in embryonic senescence and angiogenesis which could be potentially mediated by selected miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eng-Soon Khor
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Suzita Mohd Noor
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Liu Y, Li W, Guo M, Li C, Qiu C. Protective Role of Selenium Compounds on the Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Angiogenesis of a Canine Breast Cancer Cell Line. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:86-93. [PMID: 26051789 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We herein examined the effects of different doses, forms, and compatibilities of selenium on a canine mammary gland tumor cell line, CTM1211, and explored the related mechanisms. Three selenium compounds, sodium selenite (SSE), methylseleninic acid (MSA), and methylselenocysteine (MSC), were selected for these experiments, and cyclophosphamide (CTX) served as a positive control. In the cell viability assay, the cell viability of each group at 48/72 h decreased significantly compared with the control group (p < 0.05), and the cell viability of the CTX + MSA group was lower than that of CTX and MSA groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of selenium on cell proliferation was time-dependent but not concentration-dependent. In the cell apoptosis assay, the apoptosis values of each group increased significantly compared with the control group, and the apoptosis values of the CTX + MSA group increased the most significantly (p < 0.01). The protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-alpha (VEGF-alpha), angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) were downregulated in each group, while that of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were upregulated (p < 0.05). In conclusion, these three selenium compounds, especially MSA, could significantly inhibit the viability and growth of the CTM1211 cell line, which is partly due to the induction of apoptosis and regulation of tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhi Liu
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenyu Li
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyao Guo
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengye Li
- Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Ye ZL, Huang Y, Li LF, Zhu HL, Gao HX, Liu H, Lv SQ, Xu ZH, Zheng LN, Liu T, Zhang JL, Jin HJ, Qian QJ. Argonaute 2 promotes angiogenesis via the PTEN/VEGF signaling pathway in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1237-45. [PMID: 25937637 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Argonaute2 (AGO2) protein is the active part of RNA-induced silencing complex, cleaving the target mRNA strand complementary to their bound siRNA. An increasing number of miRNAs has been identified as essential to angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study we investigated how AGO2 affected HCC angiogenesis. METHODS Human HCC cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, Huh7, SMMC-7721, Bel-7404, MHCC97-H and LM-3, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were tested. The expression of AGO2 in HCC cells was knocked down with siRNA and restored using recombinant adenovirus expressing Ago2. The levels of relevant mRNAs and proteins were examined using RT-PCR, Western blot and EILSA. Nude mice were implanted with Huh7 or SMMC-7721 cells, and tumor volumes were measured. After the mice were euthanized, the xenograft tumors were used for immunohistological analysis. RESULTS In 6 HCC cell lines, AGO2 protein expression was significantly correlated with VEGF expression (r=+0.79), and with VEGF secretion (r=+0.852). Knockdown of Ago2 in Huh7 cells and SMMC-7721 cells substantially decreased VEGF expression, whereas the restoration of AGO2 reversed both VEGF expression and secretion. Furthermore, knockdown of Ago2 significantly up-regulated the expression of PTEN (a tumor suppressor involved in the inhibition of HCC angiogenesis), and vice versa. Moreover, the specific PTEN inhibitor bisperoxovanadate (7, 14, 28 nmol/L) dose-dependently restored the expression of VEGF and the capacity of HCC cells to induce HUVECs to form capillary tubule structures. In the xenograft nude mice, knockdown of Ago2 markedly suppressed the tumor growth and decreased PTEN expression and CD31-positive microvascular in the xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION A direct relationship exists between the miRNA processing machinery AGO2 and HCC angiogenesis that is mediated by the AGO2/PTEN/VEGF signaling pathway. The results suggest the high value of Ago2 knockdown in anti-angiogenesis therapy for HCC.
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Guo H, Li Y, Tian T, Han L, Ruan Z, Liang X, Wang W, Nan K. The role of cytoplasmic p57 in invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2015; 15:104. [PMID: 26271467 PMCID: PMC4542127 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-015-0319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous research suggested that p57 downregulation could accelerate the growth and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Aim To evaluate the role of cytoplasmic p57 and its regulatory mechanism during hepatocellular carcinoma invasion. Methods We examined the subcellular localization of p57 by immunohistochemistry in 45 pairs of cancerous tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, we generated stable p57 knockdown hepatoma cell lines to investigate the mechanism of cytoplasmic p57-mediated regulation of invasion by immunoprecipitation, confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and western blot of nuclear and cytoplasmic extracts. Results Our results showed that cytoplasmic expression of p57 was reduced in specimens from patients with capsular invasion and metastasis (P < 0.05). Moreover, the level of p-cofilin was decreased in the group lacking cytoplasmic p57 expression (P < 0.05). Co-expression of p57 and p-cofilin was reduced in specimens from patients with tumors at later stages (III + IV), tumors showing capsular invasion and metastatic tumors. We further observed that p57 downregulation decreased the assembly of p57 and LIM domain kinase 1 and its kinase activity, subsequently reducing the level of p-cofilin in the cytoplasm. Conclusions Cytoplasmic p57 might be a key regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma invasion via the LIM domain kinase 1/p-cofilin pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12876-015-0319-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 Yanta West Road, Yanta District, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, P.R. China.
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Tao YJ, Li YJ, Zheng W, Zhao JJ, Guo MM, Zhou Y, Qin NL, Zheng J, Xu L. Antisense oligonucleotides against microRNA-21 reduced the proliferation and migration of human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:77. [PMID: 26236156 PMCID: PMC4522075 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colon carcinoma is one of the commonly tumors that threaten human beings as its highly morbidity and mortality. Recent evidences suggested that microRNA-21 (miR-21) played an important role in the development of colon carcinoma and might be a potential biological marker for the diagnosis and prognosis of colon carcinoma. However, the potential effect of miR-21 based therapeutic studies in colon carcinoma remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS In present study, we constructed an eukaryotic expression vector encoding antisense oligonucleotides against miR-21 (termed as p-miR-21-ASO) and the expression of miRNA-21 in human colon cancer was detected by Real-time PCR. To assess its possible effect on the proliferation and migration capacity of human colon carcinoma cells in vitro, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay and cell invasion, as well as migration assay, were performed respectively. Moreover, PTEN, one of target molecules of miRNA-21, was analyzed by Western blot and Fluorescence activated cell sorter assay. Finally, the transduction of AKT and ERK pathways in human colon carcinoma cells was determined by Western blot. RESULTS We found that transiently transfection of p-miR-21-ASO could efficiently decrease the relative expression of miR-21 in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells, accompanied by impaired proliferation and clone formation. Furthermore, we found that down-regulation of miR-21 also could significantly abrogate the invasion and migration capacity in vitro, as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor which is critical for the metastatic capacity of colon carcinoma cells. Mechanistic evidence showed that down-regulation of miR-21 increased the expression of its target molecule PTEN in HCT116 cells. Finally, we revealed that the expression level of both phosphor-ERK1/2 and phosphor-AKT also were altered. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our data suggested miR-21 ASO against miR-21 might be a useful strategy to alter the expression of miR-21 in colon carcinoma cells, which was helpful for the development of miR-21-based therapeutic strategies against clinical colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Tao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Yong-Ju Li
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Juan-Juan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Meng-Meng Guo
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Medical Physics, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000 Guizhou China
| | - Na-Lin Qin
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Jing Zheng
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou China
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Chen C, Wang G. Mechanisms of hepatocellular carcinoma and challenges and opportunities for molecular targeted therapy. World J Hepatol 2015; 7:1964-1970. [PMID: 26244070 PMCID: PMC4517155 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i15.1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have fallen dramatically in China and elsewhere over the past several decades. Nonetheless, HCC remains a major public health issue as one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and one of the leading causes of death caused by cancer in China. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a very complex biological process associated with many environmental risk factors and factors in heredity, including abnormal activation of cellular and molecular signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, MAPK, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways, and the balance between the activation and inactivation of the proto-oncogenes and anti-oncogenes, and the differentiation of liver cancer stem cells. Molecule-targeted therapy, a new approach for the treatment of liver cancer, blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with the molecules required for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, making it both specific and selective. However, there is no one drug completely designed for liver cancer, and further development in the research of liver cancer targeted drugs is now almost stagnant. The purpose of this review is to discuss recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HCC and in the development of novel strategies for cancer therapeutics.
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Kar S, Samii A, Bertalanffy H. PTEN/PI3K/Akt/VEGF signaling and the cross talk to KRIT1, CCM2, and PDCD10 proteins in cerebral cavernous malformations. Neurosurg Rev 2015; 38:229-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s10143-014-0597-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Zhang R, Cao Y, Bai L, Zhu C, Li R, He H, Liu Y, Wu K, Liu F, Wu J. The collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 facilitates hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating multiple cellular factors and signal cascades. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1554-66. [PMID: 25263696 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major causes of acute and chronic liver diseases, fulminant hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC accounts for more than 85% of primary liver cancers and is the seventh most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, the mechanism by which HBV induces HCC is largely unknown. Collagen triple helixes repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a secreted protein and has characteristics of a circulating hormone with potentially broad implications for cell metabolism and physiology. CTHRC1 is associated with human cancers, but its effect on HCC is unknown. Here, we revealed that CTHRC1 expression is highly correlated with HCC progression in HBV-infected patients, and demonstrated that HBV stimulates CTHRC1 expression by activating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), through extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (ERK/c-JNK) pathway. In addition, CTHRC1 activates hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through regulating phosphoinosmde-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI-3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway. More interestingly, CTHRC1 enhances colony formation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells by regulating p53 and stimulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression. In addition, knock-down of CTHRC1 results in the repression of HBV-associated carcinogenesis in nude mice. Thus, we revealed a novel mechanism by which HBV facilitates HCC development through activating the oncoprotein CTHRC1, which in turn enhances HBV-related HCC progression by stimulates colony formation, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells through regulating multiple cellular factors and signal cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui He
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Li X, Wang Z, Ma Q, Xu Q, Liu H, Duan W, Lei J, Ma J, Wang X, Lv S, Han L, Li W, Guo J, Guo K, Zhang D, Wu E, Xie K. Sonic hedgehog paracrine signaling activates stromal cells to promote perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:4326-38. [PMID: 24947933 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic cancer is characterized by stromal desmoplasia and perineural invasion (PNI). We sought to explore the contribution of pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) activated by paracrine Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) in pancreatic cancer PNI and progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN In this study, the expression dynamics of SHH were examined via immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR, and Western blot analysis in a cohort of carcinomatous and nonneoplastic pancreatic tissues and cells. A series of in vivo and in vitro assays was performed to elucidate the contribution of PSCs activated by paracrine SHH signaling in pancreatic cancer PNI and progression. RESULTS We show that SHH overexpression in tumor cells is involved in PNI in pancreatic cancer and is an important marker of biologic activity of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, the overexpression of SHH in tumor cells activates the hedgehog pathway in PSCs in the stroma instead of activating tumor cells. These activated PSCs are essential for the promotion of pancreatic cancer cell migration along nerve axons and nerve outgrowth to pancreatic cancer cell colonies in an in vitro three-dimensional model of nerve invasion in cancer. Furthermore, the coimplantation of PSCs activated by paracrine SHH induced tumor cell invasion of the trunk and nerve dysfunction along sciatic nerves and also promoted orthotropic xenograft tumor growth, metastasis, and PNI in in vivo models. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that stromal PSCs activated by SHH paracrine signaling in pancreatic cancer cells secrete high levels of PNI-associated molecules to promote PNI in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqi Li
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Surgery, and
| | | | | | | | - Han Liu
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | | | | | - Jiguang Ma
- Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | | | - Liang Han
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Wei Li
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Jian Guo
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | - Kun Guo
- Departments of Hepatobiliary Surgery
| | | | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota; and
| | - Keping Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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LU CHICHENG, CHEN HAOPING, CHIANG JOHUA, JIN YIAN, KUO SHENGCHU, WU TIANSHUNG, HOUR MANNJEN, YANG JAISING, CHIU YUJEN. Quinazoline analog HMJ-30 inhibits angiogenesis: Involvement of endothelial cell apoptosis through ROS-JNK-mediated death receptor 5 signaling. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:597-606. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Xu Q, Ma J, Lei J, Duan W, Sheng L, Chen X, Hu A, Wang Z, Wu Z, Wu E, Ma Q, Li X. α-Mangostin suppresses the viability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer cells by downregulating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Biomed Res Int 2014; 2014:546353. [PMID: 24812621 DOI: 10.1155/2014/546353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
α-Mangostin, a natural product isolated from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit, has been shown to inhibit the growth of tumor cells in various types of cancers. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unclear. Here, we report that α-mangostin suppressed the viability and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of pancreatic cancer cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Treatment of pancreatic cancer BxPc-3 and Panc-1 cells with α-mangostin resulted in loss of cell viability, accompanied by enhanced cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at G1 phase, and decrease of cyclin-D1. Moreover, Transwell and Matrigel invasion assays showed that α-mangostin significantly reduced the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells. Consistent with these results, α-mangostin decreased the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, N-cadherin, and vimentin and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Furthermore, we found that α-mangostin suppressed the activity of the PI3K/Akt pathway in pancreatic cancer cells as demonstrated by the reduction of the Akt phosphorylation by α-mangostin. Finally, α-mangostin significantly inhibited the growth of BxPc-3 tumor mouse xenografts. Our results suggest that α-mangostin may be potentially used as a novel adjuvant therapy or complementary alternative medicine for the management of pancreatic cancers.
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Wu L, Fu Z, Zhou S, Gong J, Liu CA, Qiao Z, Li S. HIF-1α and HIF-2α: siblings in promoting angiogenesis of residual hepatocellular carcinoma after high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88913. [PMID: 24551189 PMCID: PMC3923841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a widely applied to treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. However, insufficient HIFU can result in rapid progression of the residual tumor. The mechanism of such rapid growth of the residual tumor after HIFU ablation is poorly understood. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic angiogenesis of residual tumor, and the temporal effect and mechanism of the HIF-1, 2α in the residual tumor angiogenesis. Methods Xenograft tumors of HepG2 cells were created by subcutaneously inoculating nude mice (athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice) with hepatoma cells. About thirty days after inoculation, all mice (except control group) were treated by HIFU and assigned randomly to 7 groups according to various time intervals (1st, 3rd, 5th day (d) and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th week (w)). The residual tumor tissues were obtained from the experimental groups at various time points. Protein levels of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, VEGF-A, and EphA2 were quantified by immunohistochemistry analysis and Western Blot assays, and mRNA levels measured by Q-PCR. Microvascular density was calculated with counting of CD31 positive vascular endothelial cells by immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with the control group, protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1α reached their highest levels on the 3rd day (P<0.01), then decreased (P<0.05). HIF-2α expression reached its highest level on the 2nd week compared with control group (P<0.01), then decreased (2w–4w) (P<0.05). The protein and mRNA levels of VEGF-A and EphA2 in the residual tumor tissues group that received HIFU were significantly decreased until 1 week compared with the control group (P<0.01). However, the levels increased compared to controls in 2–4 weeks (P<0.05). Similar results were obtained for MVD expression (P<0.05). Conclusion Insufficient HIFU ablation promotes the angiogenesis in residual carcinoma tissue over time. The data indicate that the HIF-1, 2α/VEGFA/EphA2 pathway is involved.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/surgery
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation
- Humans
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/surgery
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Receptor, EphA2/genetics
- Receptor, EphA2/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Treatment Failure
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Wu
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihao Fu
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiji Zhou
- The Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Gong
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang An Liu
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengrong Qiao
- The Department of General Surgery, The People’s Five Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengwei Li
- The Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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Yoshida S, Kornek M, Ikenaga N, Schmelzle M, Masuzaki R, Csizmadia E, Wu Y, Robson SC, Schuppan D. Sublethal heat treatment promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhances the malignant potential of hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2013; 58:1667-80. [PMID: 23729316 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a potentially curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, incomplete RFA can induce accelerated invasive growth at the periphery. The mechanisms underlying the RFA-induced tumor promotion remain largely unexplored. Three human HCC cell lines were exposed to 45°C-55°C for 10 minutes, simulating the marginal zone of RFA treatment. At 5-12 days post-treatment cell proliferation, parameters of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases were analyzed. Livers from patients with viral hepatitis without and with HCC (n = 114) were examined to confirm the relevance of altered kinase patterns. In vivo tumorigenic potential of heat-treated versus untreated HCC cells was studied in nude mice. Heating to 55°C killed all HCC cells, whereas 65%-85% of cells survived 48°C-50°C, developing spindle-like morphology and expressing CD133, cytokeratin (CK)7, CK19, procollagen-α1(I), and Snail at day 5 after heat exposure, which returned to baseline at day 12. Heat-exposed HCC cells showed enhanced proliferation and prominent activation of p46-Shc (Src homology and collagen) and downstream extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk)1/2. In patients, Shc expression correlated with malignant potential and overall survival. Blocking Erk1/2 reduced proliferation and EMT-like changes of heat-treated HCC cells. Implantation of heat-exposed HEPG2 cells into nude mice induced significantly larger, more aggressive tumors than untreated cells. CONCLUSIONS Sublethal heat treatment skews HCC cells toward EMT and transforms them to a progenitor-like, highly proliferative cellular phenotype in vitro and in vivo, which is driven significantly by p46Shc-Erk1/2. Suboptimal RFA accelerates HCC growth and spread by transiently inducing an EMT-like, more aggressive cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Chiang JH, Yang JS, Lu CC, Hour MJ, Liu KC, Lin JH, Lee TH, Chung JG. Effect of DNA damage response by quinazolinone analogue HMJ-38 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells: evidence for γH2A.X and DNA-PK-dependent pathway. Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:590-601. [PMID: 24064905 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113504791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aims to explore the mechanism of quinazolinone analogue HMJ-38-induced DNA damage in endothelial cells in vitro. We attempt to evaluate the antiangiogenetic response utilizing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Herein, the results demonstrated that HMJ-38 incubation triggered DNA damage behavior and showed a longer DNA migration in HUVECs based on the comet assay and the analysis of DNA agarose gel electrophoresis to contact DNA smears. We further gained to determine a marker of DNA double strand breaks, phosphorylated histone H2A.X (Ser139) (γH2A.X), in HMJ-38-treated HUVECs by flow cytometry and Western blotting assay. We consider that HMJ-38 has caused an increase in γH2A.X, and DNA damage seemed to mediate through DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase (DNA-PK) binding to Ku70/Ku80 as well as advanced activated p-Akt (Ser473) and stimulated phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β) conditions in HUVECs. Importantly, the effect of above DNA damage response was prevented by N-acetyl-l-cysteine (a reactive oxygen species scavenger), and NU7026 (a DNA-PK inhibitor) could attenuate DNA-PK catalytic subunit and phosphorylation of H2A.X on Ser139 expression in comparison with HMJ-38 alone treated HUVECs. Therefore, HMJ-38-provoked DNA damage stress in HUVECs probably led to the activation of γH2A.X/DNA-PK/GSK-3β signaling. In summary, our novel finding provides more information addressing the pharmacological approach of newly synthesized HMJ-38 for further development and therapeutic application in antiangiogenetic effect of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Chiang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-S Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - C-C Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - M-J Hour
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - K-C Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-H Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - T-H Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - J-G Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang WJ, Yao Y, Jiang LL, Hu TH, Ma JQ, Ruan ZP, Tian T, Guo H, Wang SH, Nan KJ. Increased LEF1 expression and decreased Notch2 expression are strong predictors of poor outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. Dis Markers 2013; 35:395-405. [PMID: 24223455 DOI: 10.1155/2013/983981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background/Objective. We aimed to examine the expression of lymphoid enhancer factor 1 (LEF1) and Notch2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) and their association with clinicopathologic variables and CRC patients' prognosis. Methods. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the expression of LEF1 and Notch2 in 184 patients with CRC. Results. We observed a strong negative correlation between LEF1 expression and Notch2 expression (P < 0.001). Both LEF1 mRNA and protein expression increased while the Notch2 mRNA and protein expression decreased in tumor specimens compared with the matched paratumorous normal tissue (P < 0.001). An increase in LEF1 protein expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastases, distant metastasis, advanced TNM (tumor-node-metastasis) stage, and shorter overall survival. A decrease in Notch2 protein expression was associated with poorly differentiated tumors, lymph node metastases, distant metastasis, advanced TNM stage, and shorter overall survival of patients. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, the LEF1 protein expression (P < 0.001), Notch2 protein expression (P < 0.001), TNM stage (P < 0.001), and the combination of increased LEF1 protein coexpression and decreased Notch2 protein coexpression (P < 0.001) were found to be independent prognostic indicators in CRC. Conclusion. Our results suggest that increased LEF1 coexpression and decreased Notch2 coexpression represent a risk factor for poor overall survival of CRC patients.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide and remains one of leading causes of death from cancer in China. Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex process associated with many environmental risk factors, including cellular and molecular signaling pathways, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the differentiation of cancer stem cells. Molecular targeted therapy is a new approach to the treatment of liver cancer. The main mechanism of therapy is a type of medication that blocks the growth of cancer cells by interfering with specific targeted molecules needed for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, which can enhance the specificity and selectivity of the treatment. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HCC and in the development of novel cancer therapeutics.
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