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Chen Q, Hao H, Guo Z, Zuo Y, Cheng CK, Zhang CL, Wang L, Lv A, Huang Y, He L. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) protects endothelial function in diabetic mice. Life Sci 2024:122723. [PMID: 38754816 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is the most common pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis. It affects both macro- and micro-vasculatures, causing functional impairment of multiple organs. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-studied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple pharmacological properties that produces therapeutic benefits against colorectal cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown how PZH affects vascular function under pathological conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PZH on endothelial function and the underlying mechanisms in db/db diabetic mice. The results showed that chronic treatment of PZH (250 mg/kg/day, 5 weeks) improved endothelial function by restoring endothelium-dependent relaxation through the activation of the Akt-eNOS pathway and inhibition of endothelial oxidative stress, which increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Furthermore, PZH treatment increased insulin sensitivity and suppressed inflammation in diabetic mice. These new findings suggest that PZH may have vaso-protective properties and the potential to protect against diabetic vasculopathy by preserving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huiqin Hao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zinan Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shenzhen University Medical School, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aiping Lv
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lei He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Jiang B, Wang X, Rivera-Bolanos N, Ameer GA. Generation of Autologous Vascular Endothelial Cells for Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023:10.1007/s12265-023-10452-z. [PMID: 37861912 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with risks of limb loss. Our objective is to establish an autologous cell source for vascular regeneration to achieve limb salvage in PAD. Six PAD patients (age 50-80) were enrolled with their peripheral blood collected to derive vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with two different approaches: (1) endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) approach and (2) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) approach. The iPSC approach successfully generated patient-specific ECs for all PAD patients, while the EPC approach did not yield any colony-forming ECs in any of the patients. The patient-derived iPSC-ECs expressed endothelial markers and exhibited endothelial functions. However, elevated inflammatory status with VCAM-1 expression was observed in the patient-derived cells. Pharmacological treatment with resveratrol resulted in patient-specific responses in cell viability and VCAM-1 expression. Our study demonstrates the potential of iPSC-ECs for autologous regenerative therapy in PAD, offering promise for personalized treatments for ischemic PAD. Our study establishes autologous endothelial cells from induced pluripotent stem cells as a cellular resource for regenerative treatments in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Tech B382, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Tech B382, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nancy Rivera-Bolanos
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Tech B382, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Guillermo A Ameer
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Tech B382, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Wang SY, Sun XC, Lv XY, Li JN, Han B, Liu KL, Wang S, Sheng HG, Zhang C, Guo F, Cui YD. Network pharmacology-based approach uncovers the pharmacodynamic components and mechanism of Fructus Tribuli for improving endothelial dysfunction in hypertension. J Ethnopharmacol 2023:116749. [PMID: 37295575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fructus Tribuli (FT), a traditional Chinese medicinal herbal, has been used for the clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases for many years and affects vascular endothelial dysfunction (ED) in patients with hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to demonstrate the pharmacodynamic basis and mechanisms of FT for the treatment of ED. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study used ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) to analyze and identify the chemical components of FT. The active components in blood were determined after the oral administration of FT by comparative analysis to blank plasma. Then, based on the active components in vivo, network pharmacology was performed to predict the potential targets of FT in treating ED. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were also performed, and component-target-pathway networks were constructed. Interactions between the major active components and main targets were verified by molecular docking. Moreover, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were divided into the normal, model, valsartan, low-dose FT, medium-dose FT, and high-dose FT experimental groups. In pharmacodynamic verification studies, treatment effects on blood pressure, serum markers (nitric oxide [NO], endothelin-1 [ET-1,], and angiotensin Ⅱ [Ang Ⅱ)]) of ED, and endothelial morphology of the thoracic aorta were evaluated and compared between groups. Finally, the PI3K/AKT/eNOS pathway was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot of the thoracic aorta of rats in each group to detect the mRNA expression of PI3K, AKT, and eNOS and the protein expression of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, eNOS, and p-eNOS. RESULTS A total of 51 chemical components were identified in FT, and 49 active components were identified in rat plasma. Thirteen major active components, 22 main targets, and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were screened by network pharmacology. The animal experiment results showed that FT reduced systolic blood pressure and ET-1 and Ang Ⅱ levels and increased NO levels in SHRs to varying degrees. The therapeutic effects were positively correlated with the oral dose of FT. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining confirmed that FT could alleviate the pathological damage of the vascular endothelium. qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed that up-regulated expression of the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway could improve ED. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the material basis of FT was comprehensively identified, and the protective effect on ED was confirmed. FT had a treatment effect on ED through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathways. It also played a role by up-regulating the PI3K/AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yue Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Binzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China; Zaozhuang Vocational College of Science & Technology, Zaozhuang, 277500, China
| | - Xi-Yu Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jing-Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Bing Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Kun-Lin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Hua-Gang Sheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Fei Guo
- The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250011, China.
| | - Yi-Dong Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Shevchuk O, Palii S, Pak A, Chantada N, Seoane N, Korda M, Campos-Toimil M, Álvarez E. Vessel-on-a-Chip: A Powerful Tool for Investigating Endothelial COVID-19 Fingerprints. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091297. [PMID: 37174696 PMCID: PMC10177552 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes various vascular and blood-related reactions, including exacerbated responses. The role of endothelial cells in this acute response is remarkable and may remain important beyond the acute phase. As we move into a post-COVID-19 era (where most people have been or will be infected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus), it is crucial to define the vascular consequences of COVID-19, including the long-term effects on the cardiovascular system. Research is needed to determine whether chronic endothelial dysfunction following COVID-19 could lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular and thrombotic events. Endothelial dysfunction could also serve as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for post-COVID-19. This review covers these topics and examines the potential of emerging vessel-on-a-chip technology to address these needs. Vessel-on-a-chip would allow for the study of COVID-19 pathophysiology in endothelial cells, including the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 interactions with endothelial function, leukocyte recruitment, and platelet activation. "Personalization" could be implemented in the models through induced pluripotent stem cells, patient-specific characteristics, or genetic modified cells. Adaptation for massive testing under standardized protocols is now possible, so the chips could be incorporated for the personalized follow-up of the disease or its sequalae (long COVID) and for the research of new drugs against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Shevchuk
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Palii
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Anastasiia Pak
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nuria Chantada
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nuria Seoane
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mykhaylo Korda
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Manuel Campos-Toimil
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Physiology and Pharmacology of Chronic Diseases (FIFAEC) Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ezequiel Álvarez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Travesía da Choupana s/n, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
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Karami F, Jamaati H, Coleman-Fuller N, Zeini MS, Hayes AW, Gholami M, Salehirad M, Darabi M, Motaghinejad M. Is metformin neuroprotective against diabetes mellitus-induced neurodegeneration? An updated graphical review of molecular basis. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:511-543. [PMID: 37093496 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that activates several molecular pathways involved in neurodegenerative disorders. Metformin, an anti-hyperglycemic drug used for treating DM, has the potential to exert a significant neuroprotective role against the detrimental effects of DM. This review discusses recent clinical and laboratory studies investigating the neuroprotective properties of metformin against DM-induced neurodegeneration and the roles of various molecular pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and its related cascades. A literature search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2022 using multiple databases including Web of Science, Wiley, Springer, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, Google Scholar, the Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library to collect and evaluate peer-reviewed literature regarding the neuroprotective role of metformin against DM-induced neurodegenerative events. The literature search supports the conclusion that metformin is neuroprotective against DM-induced neuronal cell degeneration in both peripheral and central nervous systems, and this effect is likely mediated via modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Karami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Natalie Coleman-Fuller
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Maryam Shokrian Zeini
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida College of Public Health and Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Mina Gholami
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Salehirad
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darabi
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Chronic Respiratory Disease Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gnanenthiran SR, Webster R, Silva AD, Maulik PK, Salam A, Selak V, Guggilla RK, Schutte AE, Patel A, Rodgers A. Reduced efficacy of blood pressure lowering drugs in the presence of diabetes mellitus-results from the TRIUMPH randomised controlled trial. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:128-135. [PMID: 36229537 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01051-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether diabetes mellitus (DM) affects the efficacy of a low-dose triple combination pill and usual care among people with mild-moderate hypertension. TRIUMPH (TRIple pill vs Usual care Management for Patients with mild-to-moderate Hypertension) was a randomised controlled open-label trial of patients requiring initiation or escalation of antihypertensive therapy. Patients were randomised to a once-daily low-dose triple combination polypill (telmisartan-20mg/amlodipine-2.5 mg/chlorthalidone-12.5 mg) or usual care. This analysis compared BP reduction in people with and without DM, both in the intervention and control groups over 24-week follow-up. Predicted efficacy of prescribed therapy was calculated (estimation methods of Law et al.). The trial randomised 700 patients (56 ± 11 yrs, 31% DM). There was no difference in the number of drugs prescribed or predicted efficacy of therapy between people with DM and without DM. However, the observed BP reduction from baseline to week 24 was lower in those with DM compared to non-diabetics in both the triple pill (25/11 vs 31/15 mmHg, p ≤ 0.01) and usual care (17/7 vs 22/11 mmHg, p ≤ 0.01) groups, and these differences remained after multivariable adjustment. DM was a negative predictor of change in BP (β-coefficient -0.08, p = 0.02). In conclusion, patients with DM experienced reduced efficacy of BP lowering therapies as compared to patients without DM, irrespective of the type of BP lowering therapy received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali R Gnanenthiran
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ruth Webster
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Asita de Silva
- Clinical Trials Unit, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Abdul Salam
- The George Institute for Global Health, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vanessa Selak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rama K Guggilla
- Department of Population Medicine and Lifestyle Diseases Prevention, Faculty of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry and Division of Medical Education in English, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anushka Patel
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony Rodgers
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Yang E, Lv Y, Wang Z, Wang D, Li Y, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Niu J, Chen Z, Liu W, Hu X. Coagulation status and determinants of possible aspirin resistance in patients with essential thrombocythemia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1092281. [PMID: 36606056 PMCID: PMC9808044 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The currently recommended aspirin regimen appears inadequate for thromboprophylaxis in essential thrombocythemia (ET). This study aimed not only to evaluate the curative effect of aspirin but also to explore the coagulation status and determinants of aspirin resistance (AR) of ET patients. Methods A total of 80 ET patients who underwent coagulation tests, thromboelastography (TEG), and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were involved in the study. Patients were divided into the aspirin sensitivity (AS) group and AR group according to the arachidonic acid inhibition rate. Their clinical features and coagulation function were analyzed. Results The incidence of AR was 53.75% (43/80) in 80 ET patients. Fbg was significantly higher in coagulation tests in AR patients compared with AS patients (P < 0.05), while the differences in other variables (D-D, PT, PTA, INR, APTT, TT, FDP, and AT-III) were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Compared with AS patients, the K values, α angles, MA values, and CI values of TEG in AR patients were statistically smaller (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in R value between them (P > 0.05). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, irregular use of aspirin, smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension increased the risk of AR (P < 0.05). In the routine NGS, the driver gene and non-driver gene had no effect on AR in ET patients. Conclusion Compared with AS patients, AR patients have enhanced platelet aggregation function, are in a relatively hypercoagulable state, and haveelevated fibrinogen function/levels, all of which cause a worse coagulation status. ET patients with increasing age, irregular use of aspirin, smoking, dyslipidemia, and hypertension are possibly at higher risk of AR. The routine NGS may not be helpful for the prediction of AR, therefore we recommend adding relevant drug-resistance genes to NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqing Wang
- Xiyuan Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Traditional Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dehao Wang
- Xiyuan Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Traditional Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jicong Niu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Weiyi Liu,
| | - Xiaomei Hu
- Department of Hematology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,Xiaomei Hu,
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Othman NS, Che Roos NA, Aminuddin A, Murthy JK, A. Hamid A, Ugusman A. Effects of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. on hypertension and diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:976247. [PMID: 36091787 PMCID: PMC9453491 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.976247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are among the most prevalent diseases affecting people from all walks of life. Medicinal herbs have garnered interest as potential agents for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and hypertension due to their multiple beneficial effects. Piper sarmentosum Roxb. (PS) is an edible medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in Asia for treating hypertension and diabetes mellitus. This review is aimed to provide comprehensive information from the literature on the effects of PS on hypertension and diabetes mellitus. A computerized database search was performed on Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following set of keywords: Piper sarmentosum AND diabetes mellitus OR diabetic OR diabetes OR hyperglyc*emia OR blood glucose OR HbA1c OR glycated h*emoglobin OR h*emoglobin A1c OR hyperten* OR blood pressure. A total of 47 articles were screened and 14 articles published between the years 1998 until 2021 were included for data extraction, comprising of six articles on antihypertensive and eight articles on antidiabetic effects of PS. These studies consist of two in vitro studies and eleven in vivo animal studies. Meta-analysis of three studies on hypertension showed that PS versus no treatment significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure with mean difference (MD) -39.84 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) -45.05, -34.62; p < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure with MD -26.68 mmHg (95% CI -31.48, -21.88; p < 0.01), and mean arterial pressure with MD -30.56 mmHg (95% CI -34.49, -26.63; p < 0.01). Most of the studies revealed positive effects of PS against hypertension and diabetes mellitus, suggesting the potential of PS as a natural source of antidiabetic and antihypertensive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syakirah Othman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Che Roos
- Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amilia Aminuddin
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar Murthy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Zhang Z, Zhao X, Gao M, Xu L, Qi Y, Wang J, Yin L. Dioscin alleviates myocardial infarction injury via regulating BMP4/NOX1-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Phytomedicine 2022; 103:154222. [PMID: 35675750 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscin, a steroidal saponin natural product, has various pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid-lowering. However, little is known about its effects on myocardial infarction (MI) injury. Thus, the study aimed to investigate the protective effects and possible mechanisms of dioscin. METHODS We evaluated protective effects of Dioscin on HL-1 cells after hypoxia based on MTT and ROS in vitro. In vivo, we ligated left anterior descending (LAD) of C57BL/6 mice to establish MI model and assess serum levels of LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, SOD, MDA and CAT treated by dioscin. In addition, myocardial damages were reflected by H&E, masson and ultrastructural examination and Electrocardiograph (ECG) was detected in MI mice. And the BMP4/NOX1 pathway was measured by western blotting, immunofluorescence assay and Real-time PCR. Furthermore, to investigate cardio-protective effects of dioscin via targeting BMP4, we transfected siBMP4 into HL-1 cells in vitro and injected BMP4 siRNA though tail veins in vivo. RESULTS In vitro, dioscin significantly increased the viability of HL-1 cells and inhibited ROS level under hypoxia. In vivo, dioscin markedly reduced the elevation of ST segment and alleviated myocardial infarct area in mice. In terms of serology, dioscin evidently decreased LDH, CK-MB, cTnI, MDA levels, and increased SOD level. In addition, dioscin improved the pathological status of myocardial tissue and restrained the production of collagen fibers. Mechanism study proved that dioscin notablely regulated the levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, p-NF-κB, nNF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by down-regulating the protein levels of BMP4 and NOX1 against oxidative stress and inflammation. Further investigation showed that siBMP4 transfection diminished hypoxia and MI-induced oxidative and inflammation injury. The transfection decreased LDH, CK-MB and cTnI levels, improved ischemia T-wave inversion and reduced striated muscle necrosis, nucleus dissolution, collagen fibrosis and mitochondrial swelling in mice. In addition, siBMP4 decreased ROS and MDA levels, increased SOD and CAT levels and down-regulated mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Moreover, BMP4, NOX1 and nNF-κB protein levels were decreased and Nrf2 levels were increased by siBMP4. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that dioscin showed an outstanding anti-myocardial infarction effect via regulating BMP4/NOX1-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation, which has a promising application value and development prospect against MI injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lina Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, No. 7166, Baotong West Street, Weifang, Shandong 261053, China.
| | - Lianhong Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China.
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Kountouras J, Papaefthymiou A, Polyzos SA, Deretzi G, Vardaka E, Soteriades ES, Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou M, Gkolfakis P, Karafyllidou K, Doulberis M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori-Related Metabolic Syndrome Parameters on Arterial Hypertension. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112351. [PMID: 34835476 PMCID: PMC8618184 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a risk factor for several pathologies, mainly including cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, which rank as leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Arterial hypertension also constitutes a fundamental component of the metabolic syndrome. Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common types of chronic infection globally and displays a plethora of both gastric and extragastric effects. Among other entities, Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Within this review, we illustrate the current state-of-the-art evidence, which may link several components of the Helicobacter pylori-related metabolic syndrome, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and arterial hypertension. In particular, current knowledge of how Helicobacter pylori exerts its virulence through dietary, inflammatory and metabolic pathways will be discussed. Although there is still no causative link between these entities, the emerging evidence from both basic and clinical research supports the proposal that several components of the Helicobacter pylori infection-related metabolic syndrome present an important risk factor in the development of arterial hypertension. The triad of Helicobacter pylori infection, the metabolic syndrome, and hypertension represents a crucial worldwide health problem on a pandemic scale with high morbidity and mortality, like COVID-19, thereby requiring awareness and appropriate management on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Kountouras
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.T.-C.); (M.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Apostolis Papaefthymiou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.T.-C.); (M.D.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Larisa, 41110 Larisa, Greece
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Stergios A. Polyzos
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Georgia Deretzi
- Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Department of Neurology, Papageorgiou General Hospital, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elisabeth Vardaka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2252, Cyprus;
- Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology (EOME), Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.T.-C.); (M.D.)
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Midwifery Department, University of West Macedonia, Koila, 50100 Kozani, Greece
| | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, Erasme University Hospital, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kyriaki Karafyllidou
- Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Michael Doulberis
- Second Medical Clinic, School of Medicine, Ippokration Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.T.-C.); (M.D.)
- First Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University Department, Kantonsspital Aarau, 5001 Aarau, Switzerland
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11
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Schalka S, Silva MS, Lopes LF, de Freitas LM, Baptista MS. The skin redoxome. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 36:181-195. [PMID: 34719068 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Redoxome is the network of redox reactions and redox active species (ReAS) that affect the homeostasis of cells and tissues. Due to the intense and constant interaction with external agents, the human skin has a robust redox signalling framework with specific pathways and magnitudes. The establishment of the skin redoxome concept is key to expanding knowledge of skin disorders and establishing better strategies for their prevention and treatment. This review starts with its definition and progress to propose how the master redox regulators are maintained and activated in the different conditions experienced by the skin and how the lack of redox regulation is involved in the accumulation of several oxidation end products that are correlated with various skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schalka
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - M S Silva
- Medcin Skin Research Center, Osasco, Brazil
| | - L F Lopes
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L M de Freitas
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Baptista
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Wang YJ, Su J, Yu JJ, Yan MQ, Shi ML, Huang QD, Li B, Wu WY, Xia RS, Li SF, Chen SH, Lv GY. Buddleoside-Rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. Extract has a Beneficial Effect on Metabolic Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting the Enteric-Origin LPS/TLR4 Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:755140. [PMID: 34690786 PMCID: PMC8532163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.755140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of patients with metabolic hypertension (MH) is increasing, there is an essential require for global measures to prevent and treat MH. Flavonoids such as buddleoside (BUD) from Chrysanthemum indicum L. are the main pharmacological components of cardiovascular activities. Previous studies have suggested that the buddleoside-rich Chrysanthemum indicum L. extract (BUDE) can reduce blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). However, its effect on MH and how it works remains to be researched. In this study, it was observed that BUDE could lower blood pressure, improve dyslipidemia, and decrease the level of plasma LPS in MH rats. Moreover, BUDE improved intestinal flora and increased the expression of occludin and claudin-1 in the colon, and improved the pathological injury of the colon. Western bolt and qRT-PCR experiments showed that BUDE could down-regulate TLR4 and MyD88 protein and mRNA expression and inhibit phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα and NF-κB p65 in vessels of MH rats. These results showed that BUDE could regulate intestinal flora, improve intestinal barrier function, reduce the production and penetration of LPS, thereby inhibiting the vascular TLR4/MyD88 pathway, improving vascular endothelial function, and ultimately lowering blood pressure in MH rats. This study provides a new mechanism of BUDE against MH by inhibiting the enteric-origin LPS/TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Su
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Qiu Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Di Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Shuang Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Si-Fan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Liu B, Zhou Y. Endothelium-dependent contraction: The non-classical action of endothelial prostacyclin, its underlying mechanisms, and implications. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21877. [PMID: 34449098 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101077r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Although commonly thought to produce prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2 ; PGI2 ) that evokes vasodilatation and protects vessels from the development of diseases, the endothelial cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated metabolism has also been found to release substance(s) called endothelium-derived contracting factor(s) (EDCF) that causes endothelium-dependent contraction and implicates in endothelial dysfunction of disease conditions. Various mechanisms have been proposed for the process; however, the major endothelial COX metabolite PGI2 , which has been classically considered to activate the I prostanoid receptor (IP) that mediates vasodilatation and opposes the effects of thromboxane (Tx) A2 produced by COX in platelets, emerges as a major EDCF in health and disease conditions. Our recent studies from genetically altered mice further suggest that vasomotor reactions to PGI2 are collectively modulated by IP, the vasoconstrictor Tx-prostanoid receptor (TP; the prototype receptor of TxA2 ) and E prostanoid receptor-3 (EP3; a vasoconstrictor receptor of PGE2 ) although with differences in potency and efficacy; a contraction to PGI2 reflects activities of TP and/or EP3 outweighing that of the concurrently activated IP. Here, we discuss the history of endothelium-dependent contraction, evidences that support the above hypothesis, proposed mechanisms for the varied reactions to endothelial PGI2 synthesis as well as the relation of its dilator activity to the effect of another NO-independent vasodilator mechanism, the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. Also, we address the possible pathological and therapeutic implications as well as questions remaining to be resolved or limitations of our above findings obtained from genetically altered mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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14
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Liu HH, Cao YX, Jin JL, Hua Q, Li YF, Guo YL, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Dong Q, Li JJ. Lipoprotein (a), hypertension, and cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective study of patients with stable coronary artery disease. Hypertens Res 2021; 44:1158-1167. [PMID: 34035483 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although emerging data suggest that circulating lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] could predict cardiovascular events (CVEs) in patients with cardiovascular disease, no study is currently available regarding the prognostic linkage of Lp (a) and hypertension in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study sought to evaluate the association of Lp (a), hypertension and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable CAD. A total of 8668 patients with stable CAD were consecutively enrolled. Baseline Lp (a) concentrations were measured. All subjects were categorized according to Lp (a) levels of <10 (low), 10-30 (medium) and ≥30 mg/dL (high) and were further stratified by hypertension status. They were regularly followed-up for the occurrence of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke. Over an average of 54.81 ± 18.60 months of follow-up, 584 (6.7%) CVEs occurred. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that elevated Lp (a) levels had a significant association with CVEs in hypertensive patients, regardless of the control status of blood pressure, but not in normotensive subjects. Moreover, when analyzed by subgroups according to both Lp (a) category and hypertension status, the risk of CVEs was only significantly elevated in the high Lp (a) plus hypertension group compared with the reference group with low Lp (a) levels and normotension (hazard ratio: 1.80, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.91). Elevated Lp (a) was associated with an increased risk of CVEs in stable CAD patients with hypertension. Moreover, the coexistence of high Lp (a) concentrations and hypertension greatly worsened the clinical prognosis in patients with CAD, which may suggest a prognostic correlation between Lp (a) and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Lu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, XuanWu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, FuWai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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15
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Abstract
Significance: Endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels play an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions through releasing both vasoconstricting and vasodilating factors. The production and function of vasoconstricting factors are largely elevated in hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are the major enzymes producing five different prostanoids that act as either contracting or relaxing substances. Under conditions of increased oxidative stress, the expressions and activities of COX isoforms are altered, resulting in changes in production of various prostanoids and thus affecting vascular tone. This review briefly summarizes the relationship between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids, thereby providing new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent Advances: Many new drugs targeting oxidative stress, COX-2, and prostanoids against common CVDs have been evaluated in recent years and they are summarized in this review. Critical Issues: Comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay between oxidative stress, COXs, and prostanoids in CVDs helps develop more effective measures against cardiovascular pathogenesis. Future Directions: Apart from minimizing the undesired effects of harmful prostanoids, future studies shall investigate the restoration of vasoprotective prostanoids as a means to combat CVDs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 784-799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Zhao
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak Kwong Cheng
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute and School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Gao H, Cao M, Wang H, Chang R, Zeng C. Celecoxib alleviates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis via M1-like macrophage infiltration in neonatal mice. iScience 2021; 24:102233. [PMID: 33748715 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response to all forms of heart disease, including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and cardiomyopathy. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression results in inflammatory response, cardiac cell apoptosis, and hypertrophy in adult heart after injury. However, immune response-mediated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis have not been well documented in injured neonatal heart. This study showed that cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis are significantly attenuated in celecoxib (a selective COX-2 inhibitor)-treated P8 ICR mice after cryoinjury. Molecular and cellular profiling of immune response shows that celecoxib inhibits the production of cytokines and the expression of adhesion molecular genes, increases the recruitment of M1-like macrophage at wound site, and alleviates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Furthermore, celecoxib administration improves cardiac function at 4 weeks after injury. These results demonstrate that COX-2 inhibition promotes the recruitment of M1-like macrophages during early wound healing, which may contribute to the suppression of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after injury. Cryoinjury successfully induces cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in P8 ICR mice COX-2 inhibition alleviates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis after cryoinjury MCP-1 significantly increases in COX-2 inhibition COX-2 inhibition improves cardiac repair in P8 ICR mice by recruiting M1-like macrophages
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Mir N, D'Amico A, Dasher J, Tolwani A, Valentine V. Understanding the andromeda strain - The role of cytokine release, coagulopathy and antithrombin III in SARS-CoV2 critical illness. Blood Rev 2021; 45:100731. [PMID: 32829961 PMCID: PMC7832361 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2020.100731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As the current coronavirus pandemic continues and cases of COVID-19 critical illness rise, physicians and scientists across the globe are working to understand and study its pathophysiology. Part of the pathology of this illness may result from its prothrombotic potential as witnessed from derangements in coagulation and thrombotic complications reported in observational studies performed in China and Europe to findings of microthrombosis upon autopsy analysis of patients who succumbed to COVID-19. Multiple organizations, including the American Society of Hematology (ASH), recommend the routine use of prophylactic heparin to temper the thrombotic complications of this illness given its mortality benefit in severe COVID-19 infections. Reductions in circulating levels of Antithrombin III (AT), the primary mediator of heparin's action, is present in cases of coronavirus related critical illness. AT's use as a prognostic marker, an important effector of heparin resistance, and a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabiel Mir
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Alex D'Amico
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Dasher
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ashita Tolwani
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vincent Valentine
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Zhang C, Yu C, Li W, Zhu Y, Ye Y, Wang Z, Lin Z. Fibulin-3 affects vascular endothelial function and is regulated by angiotensin II. Microvasc Res 2020; 132:104043. [PMID: 32707048 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of fibulin-3 on vascular endothelial function, and to explore the relevant underlying mechanism with regard to the involvement of angiotensin II (AngII). METHODS One hundred and eight patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 31 controls were included to measure the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Serum fibulin-3 and AngII were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay. Stable transfection of fibulin-3 was conducted on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and SV40T-transformed HUVECs (PUMC-HUVEC-T1 cells). Cell counting kit-8 assay, cell cycle assay, wound healing assay, Transwell assay, apoptosis assay, and tube formation assay were subsequently performed. The expression of angiogenesis-associated genes [endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA)] were measured by western blot analysis. HUVECs and PUMC-HUVEC-T1 cells were treated with AngII, and with or without an inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), BAY 11-7082. Pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of fibulin-3 and p65 were then measured by western blotting. RESULTS Lower levels of serum fibulin-3 were accompanied by poorer FMD and higher levels of serum AngII in patients with EH. Fibulin-3 overexpression promoted cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis, but led to an inhibition of apoptosis. By contrast, fibulin-3 downregulation inhibited cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis, but promoted apoptosis. AngII induced inflammation and inhibited the expression of fibulin-3. BAY 11-7082 eliminated the inhibitory effect of AngII on fibulin-3. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of the present study have shown that serum fibulin-3 may be a predictor of vascular endothelial function in patients with EH. Fibulin-3 gene may also have a beneficial role in repairing the vascular endothelium. Furthermore, the results also suggested that fibulin-3 gene was suppressed by AngII via the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiming Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chan Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuling Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Zhongwei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Yang X, Niu N, Liang C, Wu MM, Tang LL, Wang QS, Lou J, Song BL, Zheng WW, Ma HP, Zhang ZR. Stimulation of Epithelial Sodium Channels in Endothelial Cells by Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4 Contributes to Salt-Sensitive Hypertension in Rats. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020; 2020:3921897. [PMID: 33194000 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3921897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that high salt induces artery stiffness by causing endothelial dysfunction via increased sodium influx. We used our unique split-open artery technique combined with protein biochemistry and in vitro measurement of vascular tone to test a hypothesis that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) mediates high salt-induced loss of vascular relaxation by stimulating the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in endothelial cells. The data show that high salt intake increased BMP4 both in endothelial cells and in the serum and that exogenous BMP4 stimulated ENaC in endothelial cells. The data also show that the stimulation is mediated by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (Sgk1)/neural precursor cell expressed developmentally downregulated gene 4-2 (Nedd4-2) (Sgk1/Nedd4-2). Furthermore, BMP4 decreased mesenteric artery relaxation in a benzamil-sensitive manner. These results suggest that high salt intake stimulates endothelial cells to express and release BMP4 and that the released BMP4 reduces artery relaxation by stimulating ENaC in endothelial cells. Therefore, stimulation of ENaC in endothelial cells by BMP4 may serve as another pathway to participate in the complex mechanism of salt-sensitive (SS) hypertension.
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Sharma M, Barai RS, Kundu I, Bhaye S, Pokar K, Idicula-Thomas S. PCOSKB R2: a database of genes, diseases, pathways, and networks associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14738. [PMID: 32895427 PMCID: PMC7477240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PolyCystic Ovary Syndrome KnowledgeBase (PCOSKBR2) is a manually curated database with information on 533 genes, 145 SNPs, 29 miRNAs, 1,150 pathways, and 1,237 diseases associated with PCOS. This data has been retrieved based on evidence gleaned by critically reviewing literature and related records available for PCOS in databases such as KEGG, DisGeNET, OMIM, GO, Reactome, STRING, and dbSNP. Since PCOS is associated with multiple genes and comorbidities, data mining algorithms for comorbidity prediction and identification of enriched pathways and hub genes are integrated in PCOSKBR2, making it an ideal research platform for PCOS. PCOSKBR2 is freely accessible at http://www.pcoskb.bicnirrh.res.in/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridula Sharma
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Ram Shankar Barai
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Indra Kundu
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Sameeksha Bhaye
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Khushal Pokar
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Center, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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21
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Liu X, Song Q, Wu S, Zhou W, Wang X. Prediabetes and risk for myocardial infarction by hypertension status in a Chinese population: a prospective cohort study. J Hypertens 2021; 39:77-83. [PMID: 32868639 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether prediabetes alone or combined with hypertension is a more important risk factor for cardiovascular disease is controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine this association to fill the research gap. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 85 570 participants (mean age: 58.0 years) without diabetes and no previous myocardial infarction (MI) were recruited for this study. Participants were divided into four groups according to prediabetes status and were further stratified according to hypertension status. Hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression models. After a mean follow-up period of 11.0 years, 1122 (rate 1.19/1000 person-years) individuals developed MI. Compared with participants without either condition, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for MI events among participants with prediabetes alone, hypertension alone, and both prediabetes and hypertension were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.84-1.36), 1.73 (95% CI 1.49-2.00), and 1.89 (95% CI 1.57-2.27), respectively. Among participants with and without hypertension, there was no association between prediabetes and an increased risk for MI (hazard ratio: 1.11 95% CI 0.94-1.32 and hazard ratio: 1.02 95% CI 0.80-1.30, respectively). CONCLUSION The current study indicated that among the Chinese general population, the increased risk of MI associated with prediabetes is largely driven by concomitant hypertension rather than prediabetes per se.
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Cordeiro ER, Filetti FM, Simões MR, Vassallo DV. Mercury induces nuclear estrogen receptors to act as vasoconstrictors promoting endothelial denudation via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 381:114710. [PMID: 31415774 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are more frequent among postmenopausal women due to the decline of estrogen concentration in plasma. However, the role of the vascular modulator effect of estrogen is controversial, since it occurs both in physiological and pathological conditions, increasing or reducing vascular reactivity. As mercury is widely associated with the development of CVD, we investigated putative hazardous effects on the mechanisms that modulate vascular reactivity in aortic rings of female Wistar rats promoted by acute mercury exposure. Mercury increased vascular reactivity and oxidative stress possibly due to NADPH oxidase participation, increased production of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) formation. The metal also induced endothelial denudation in the aorta by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and enhancing the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mercury exposure also induced nuclear estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ) to act as vasoconstrictors. Our findings suggest that mercury might increase the chances of developing cardiovascular diseases in females and should be considered an important environmental risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evellyn Rodrigues Cordeiro
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Filipe Martinuzo Filetti
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Maylla Ronacher Simões
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Dalton Valentim Vassallo
- Dept. of Physiological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES CEP 29043-900, Brazil; Health Science Center of Vitória-EMESCAM, Vitória, ES CEP 29045-402, Brazil.
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van de Wouw J, Broekhuizen M, Sorop O, Joles JA, Verhaar MC, Duncker DJ, Danser AHJ, Merkus D. Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Focus on Microcirculatory Factors and Therapeutic Targets. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1108. [PMID: 31551803 PMCID: PMC6737277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) co-exist, and it is estimated that about 50% of HF patients suffer from CKD. Although studies have been performed on the association between CKD and HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), less is known about the link between CKD and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Approximately, 50% of all patients with HF suffer from HFpEF, and this percentage is projected to rise in the coming years. Therapies for HFrEF are long established and considered quite successful. In contrast, clinical trials for treatment of HFpEF have all shown negative or disputable results. This is likely due to the multifactorial character and the lack of pathophysiological knowledge of HFpEF. The typical co-existence of HFpEF and CKD is partially due to common underlying comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. Macrovascular changes accompanying CKD, such as hypertension and arterial stiffening, have been described to contribute to HFpEF development. Furthermore, several renal factors have a direct impact on the heart and/or coronary microvasculature and may underlie the association between CKD and HFpEF. These factors include: (1) activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, (2) anemia, (3) hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and increased levels of FGF-23, and (4) uremic toxins. This review critically discusses the above factors, focusing on their potential contribution to coronary dysfunction, left ventricular stiffening, and delayed left ventricular relaxation. We further summarize the directions of novel treatment options for HFpEF based on the contribution of these renal drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens van de Wouw
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michelle Broekhuizen
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oana Sorop
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Hu Z, Chen Z, Wang Y, Jiang J, Tse G, Xu W, Ge J, Sun B. Effects of granulocyte colony‑stimulating factor on rabbit carotid and porcine heart models of chronic obliterative arterial disease. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:4569-4578. [PMID: 30942413 PMCID: PMC6522810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can promote bone marrow derived progenitor cells to mediate cardiovascular repair, potentially reversing mechanical dysfunction in chronic ischaemic heart disease and post myocardial infarction. Two models were used in the present study both using a surgical ameroid constrictor to induce arterial stenosis. The first model used the carotid artery of rabbits. They were divided into high fat diet (inducing atherosclerosis) or normal fat diet (control) groups. Each was subdivided into surgical exposure group without constrictor, ameroid constrictor receiving normal saline or receiving G-CSF 15 µg/kg/day. Endothelial markers of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin 1 were increased by the use of ameroid constrictor in both atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic mice, however were not further altered by G-CSF. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that ameroid constrictor application altered endothelial morphology from an oval shape to a round shape and this was more prominent in the atherosclerotic compared with the non-atherosclerotic group. G-CSF injection increased the number of endothelial cells in all groups. The second model used the left coronary artery of pigs. They were equally divided into following groups, receiving normal saline (control), G-CSF 2.5 µg/kg/day (low dose), 5 µg/kg/day (medium dose) and 10 µg/kg/day (high dose) for 5 days. G-CSF at a low or high dose worsened intimal hyperplasia however at a medium dose improved it. In conclusion, G-CSF had no effect in a rabbit carotid artery model of atherosclerosis. Its effects on the porcine heart were dose-dependent; arterial disease worsened at a low or high dose, but improved at a medium dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Zhisong Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Jinfa Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bing Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
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Falk M, Bernhoft A, Framstad T, Salbu B, Wisløff H, Kortner TM, Kristoffersen AB, Oropeza-Moe M. Effects of dietary sodium selenite and organic selenium sources on immune and inflammatory responses and selenium deposition in growing pigs. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 50:527-536. [PMID: 29673733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to compare effects of different dietary Se sources (sodium selenite [NaSe], Se-enriched yeast [Se yeast] or L-selenomethionine [SeMet]) and one Se-deficient control diet on the expression of selected genes, hematological and clinical biochemical parameters, and muscle morphology in two parallel trials with finisher pigs. Se concentrations in blood plasma and tissues were also monitored. From the pigs in one of the parallel groups, muscle samples obtained from Musculus longissimus dorsi (LD) before and during the trial were examined. The pigs in the other parallel group were challenged once with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously. Transcriptional analyses of LD showed that selenogenes SelenoW and H were higher expressed in pigs fed Se-supplemented diets compared with control. Furthermore, the expression of interferon gamma and cyclooxygenase 2 was lower in the Se-supplemented pigs versus control. In whole blood samples prior to LPS, SelenoN, SelenoS and thioredoxin reductase 1 were higher expressed in pigs fed NaSe supplemented feed compared with the other groups, possibly indicating a higher level of oxidative stress. After LPS exposure glutathione peroxidase 1 and SelenoN were more reduced in pigs fed NaSe compared with pigs fed organic Se. Products of most above-mentioned genes are intertwined with the oxidant-antioxidant system. No significant effects of Se-source were found on hematologic parameters or microscopic anatomy. The Se-concentrations in various skeletal muscles and heart muscle were significantly different between the groups, with highest concentrations in pigs fed SeMet, followed by those fed Se yeast, NaSe, and control diet. Consistent with previous reports our results indicate that dietary Se at adequate levels can support the body's antioxidant system. Our results indicate that muscle fibers of pigs fed organic Se are less vulnerable to oxidative stress compared with the other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Falk
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
| | - Aksel Bernhoft
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tore Framstad
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, NMBU, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, NO-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Brit Salbu
- Department of Environmental Sciences/CERAD CoE, Campus Ås, NMBU, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432 Ås, Norway.
| | - Helene Wisløff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Trond M Kortner
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, NMBU, P.O. Box 8146 Dep, NO-0033, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Marianne Oropeza-Moe
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway.
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Kong DQ, Li L, Liu Y, Zheng GY. Association between endoplasmic reticulum stress and risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1704-1710. [PMID: 30364130 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.10.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and challenging ocular complications of diabetes mellitus. As a chronic, progressive ocular disease that poses a serious threat to vision, DR has gradually become a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Emerging evidence points to an important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in not only maintaining the steady-state equilibrium in the body, but also in intracellular synthesis, protein folding, and other essential functions. Recent studies have demonstrated clear associations between ER stress-related physiological functions and the pathogenesis of DR. When cells are stimulated by external stimuli, UPR pathway is activated firstly to protect it. However, long-term harmful factors can induce ER stress. which interferes with the physiological metabolism of retinal cells and participates in the occurrence of DR via the ATF6 pathway, PERK pathway and IRE1 pathway. At present, ER stress blocker is expected to become a new anti-DR therapy. Thus, understanding the relationship between ER stress and DR will help to develop new effective preventative treatments. In this review, we summarize the risk factors of DR pathogenesis induced by ER stress toward revealing potentially new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Qian Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Guang-Ying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China
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Liu HH, Cao YX, Li S, Guo YL, Zhu CG, Wu NQ, Gao Y, Dong QT, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Sun D, Li JJ. Impacts of Prediabetes Mellitus Alone or Plus Hypertension on the Coronary Severity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Hypertension 2018; 71:1039-1046. [PMID: 29669793 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Whether prediabetes mellitus (Pre-DM) alone or combined with hypertension is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to further confirm whether the relation of Pre-DM to cardiovascular disease differs between individuals with or without hypertension. A total of 7121 consecutive patients with angina-like chest pain who received coronary angiography were evaluated and 4193 patients with angiography-proven stable, new-onset coronary artery disease were enrolled into the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to diabetes mellitus status and further stratified by hypertension. The severity of coronary artery disease was assessed by number of diseased vessels and Gensini score. All subjects were regularly followed up for the occurrence of the composite end points. Comparisons of coronary artery disease severity and outcomes were performed among these groups. During an average of 11 338 patient-years of follow-up, 434 (10.35%) cardiovascular events occurred. No significant difference was observed in coronary severity and composite end point events between Pre-DM and normal glucose regulation groups (both P>0.05). However, when hypertension was also incorporated as a stratifying factor, cardiovascular disease risk, assessed by coronary severity and clinical prognosis, was significantly elevated in Pre-DM plus hypertension and diabetes mellitus plus hypertension groups, compared with the reference group with normal glucose regulation and normal blood pressure (all P<0.05). The present study indicated that among patients with stable, new-onset coronary artery disease, the increased cardiovascular risk with Pre-DM is largely driven by the coexistence of hypertension rather than Pre-DM per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hui Liu
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ye-Xuan Cao
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Li
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Lin Guo
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Zhu
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Na-Qiong Wu
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Gao
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Ting Dong
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Di Sun
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- From the Division of Dyslipidemia, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fu Wai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Francisqueti FV, Chiaverini LCT, Santos KCD, Minatel IO, Ronchi CB, Ferron AJT, Ferreira ALA, Corrêa CR. The role of oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2017; 63:85-91. [PMID: 28225880 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a high prevalence around the world. Considering the components used to classify MetS, it is clear that it is closely related to obesity. These two conditions begin with an increase in abdominal adipose tissue, which is metabolically more active, containing a greater amount of resident macrophages compared to other fat deposits. Abdominal adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving MetS components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. One way to block the effects of oxidative stress would be through the antioxidant defense system, which offsets the excess free radicals. It is known that individuals with metabolic syndrome and obesity have high consumption of fats and sugars originated from processed foods containing high levels of sodium as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables, thus maintaining a state of oxidative stress, that can speed up the onset of MetS. Healthy eating habits could prevent or delay MetS by adding antioxidant-rich foods into the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane Valentini Francisqueti
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Klinsmann Carolo Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Otávio Minatel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Lúcia A Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Renata Corrêa
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Unesp, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Togliatto G, Lombardo G, Brizzi MF. The Future Challenge of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Hypertension: From Bench to Bed Side. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091988. [PMID: 28914782 PMCID: PMC5618637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules that control physiological processes, including cell adaptation to stress. Redox signaling via ROS has quite recently become the focus of much attention in numerous pathological contexts, including neurodegenerative diseases, kidney and cardiovascular disease. Imbalance in ROS formation and degradation has also been implicated in essential hypertension. Essential hypertension is characterized by multiple genetic and environmental factors which do not completely explain its associated risk factors. Thereby, even if advances in therapy have led to a significant reduction in hypertension-associated complications, to interfere with the unbalance of redox signals might represent an additional therapeutic challenge. The decrease of nitric oxide (NO) levels, the antioxidant activity commonly found in preclinical models of hypertension and the ability of antioxidant approaches to reduce ROS levels have spurred clinicians to investigate the contribution of ROS in humans. Indeed, particular effort has recently been devoted to understanding how redox signaling may contribute to vascular pathobiology in human hypertension. However, although biomarkers of oxidative stress have been found to positively correlate with blood pressure in preclinical model of hypertension, human data are less convincing. We herein provide an overview of the most relevant mechanisms via which oxidative stress might contribute to the pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Moreover, alternative approaches, which are directed towards improving antioxidant machinery and/or interfering with ROS production, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Togliatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
| | - Giusy Lombardo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy.
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Abstract
Endothelium-dependent relaxations are predominantly regulated by nitric oxide (NO) in large conduit arteries and by endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) in small resistance vessels. Although the nature of EDH factors varies depending on species and vascular beds, we have previously demonstrated that endothelial NO synthases (eNOS)-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an EDH factor in animals and humans. This vessel size-dependent contribution of NO and EDH is, at least in part, attributable to the diverse roles of endothelial NOSs system; in large conduit arteries, eNOS mainly serves as a NO-generating system to elicit soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediated relaxations, whereas in small resistance vessels, it serves as a superoxide-generating system to cause EDH/H2O2-mediated relaxations. Endothelial caveolin-1 may play an important role for the diverse roles of NOSs. Although reactive oxygen species are generally regarded harmful, the physiological roles of H2O2 have attracted much attention as accumulating evidence has shown that endothelium-derived H2O2 contributes to cardiovascular homeostasis. The diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system with NO and EDH/H2O2 could account for a compensatory mechanism in the setting of endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system: NO and EDH/H2O2.
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Godo S, Shimokawa H. Divergent roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthases system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:4-10. [PMID: 27988339 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as an essential second messenger in health and disease. Endothelial dysfunction is the hallmark of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, in which pathological levels of ROS are substantially involved. The endothelium plays a crucial role in modulating tone of underlying vascular smooth muscle by synthesizing and releasing nitric oxide (NO) and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH) factors in a distinct vessel size-dependent manner through the diverse roles of the endothelial NO synthases (NOSs) system. Endothelium-derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a physiological signaling molecule serving as one of the major EDH factors especially in microcirculations and has gained increasing attention in view of its emerging relevance for cardiovascular homeostasis. In the clinical settings, it has been reported that antioxidant supplements are unexpectedly ineffective to prevent cardiovascular events. These lines of evidence indicate the potential importance of the physiological balance between NO and H2O2/EDH through the diverse functions of endothelial NOSs system in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. A better understanding of cardiovascular redox signaling is certainly needed to develop novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular medicine. In this review, we will briefly summarize the current knowledge on the emerging regulatory roles of redox signaling pathways in cardiovascular homeostasis, with particular focus on the two endothelial NOSs-derived mediators, NO and H2O2/EDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeo Godo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
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Saha SK, Lee SB, Won J, Choi HY, Kim K, Yang GM, Dayem AA, Cho SG. Correlation between Oxidative Stress, Nutrition, and Cancer Initiation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1544. [PMID: 28714931 PMCID: PMC5536032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inadequate or excessive nutrient consumption leads to oxidative stress, which may disrupt oxidative homeostasis, activate a cascade of molecular pathways, and alter the metabolic status of various tissues. Several foods and consumption patterns have been associated with various cancers and approximately 30-35% of the cancer cases are correlated with overnutrition or malnutrition. However, several contradictory studies are available regarding the association between diet and cancer risk, which remains to be elucidated. Concurrently, oxidative stress is a crucial factor for cancer progression and therapy. Nutritional oxidative stress may be induced by an imbalance between antioxidant defense and pro-oxidant load due to inadequate or excess nutrient supply. Oxidative stress is a physiological state where high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are generated. Several signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis can additionally control ROS generation and regulate ROS downstream mechanisms, which could have potential implications in anticancer research. Cancer initiation may be modulated by the nutrition-mediated elevation in ROS levels, which can stimulate cancer initiation by triggering DNA mutations, damage, and pro-oncogenic signaling. Therefore, in this review, we have provided an overview of the relationship between nutrition, oxidative stress, and cancer initiation, and evaluated the impact of nutrient-mediated regulation of antioxidant capability against cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbroto Kumar Saha
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Soo Bin Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jihye Won
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model & Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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Visser J, van Staden PJ, Soma P, Buys AV, Pretorius E. The stabilizing effect of an oligomeric proanthocyanidin on red blood cell membrane structure of poorly controlled Type II diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:e275. [PMID: 28504711 PMCID: PMC5518807 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II diabetes (T2D) is a pandemic characterized by pathological circulating inflammatory markers, high-glucose levels and oxidative stress. The hematological system is especially vulnerable to these aberrant circulating molecules, and erythrocytes (RBCs) show aberrant rheology properties, owing to the direct contact with these molecules. Pathological levels of circulating inflammatory markers in T2D therefore have a direct effect on the molecular and cellular structure of RBCs. Previous research has suggested that antioxidants may reduce oxidative stress that results from the pathological inflammatory markers. Particularly, polyphenol antioxidants like oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) may act as a hydroxyl mopping agent, and may have a positive effect on the deformability and membrane protein structure of RBCs from T2D. In this paper, we look at the effect of one such agent, Pinus massoniana bark extract (standardized to 95% oligomeric proanthicyanidins), on the RBC membrane structures and RBC shape changes of T2D, after laboratory exposure at physiological levels. Our methods of choice were atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to study RBC elasticity and ultrastructure. Results showed that in our hands, this OPC could change both the eryptotic nature of the RBCs, as viewed with scanning electron microscopy, as well as the elasticity. We found a significant difference in variation between the elasticity measurement values between the RBCs before and after OPC exposure (P-value <0.0001). In conclusion, the data from both these techniques therefore suggest that OPC usage might contribute to the improvement of RBC functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Visser
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - P J van Staden
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - P Soma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - A V Buys
- Unit for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - E Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Ling WC, Liu J, Lau CW, Murugan DD, Mustafa MR, Huang Y. Treatment with salvianolic acid B restores endothelial function in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 136:76-85. [PMID: 28396195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) is one of the most abundant phenolic acids derived from the root of Danshen with potent anti-oxidative properties. The present study examined the vasoprotective effect of Sal B in hypertensive mice induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Sal B (25mg/kg/day) was administered via oral gavage for 11days to Ang II (1.2mg/kg/day)-infused C57BL/6J mice (8-10weeks old). The vascular reactivity (both endothelium-dependent relaxations and contractions) in mouse arteries was examined by wire myography. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein level and localization of angiotensin AT1 receptors and the proteins involved in ROS formation were evaluated using dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence, lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, respectively. The changes of ROS generating proteins were also assessed in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to Ang II with and without co-treatment with Sal B (0.1-10nM). Oral administration of Sal B reversed the Ang II-induced elevation of arterial systolic blood pressure in mice, augmented the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations and attenuated the exaggerated endothelium-dependent contractions in both aortas and renal arteries of Ang II-infused mice. In addition, Sal B treatment normalized the elevated levels of AT1 receptors, NADPH oxidase subunits (NOx-2 and NOx-4) and nitrotyrosine in arteries of Ang II-infused mice or in Ang II-treated HUVECs. In summary, the present study provided additional evidence demonstrating that Sal B treatment for 11days reverses the impaired endothelial function and with a marked inhibition of AT1 receptor-dependent vascular oxidative stress. This vasoprotective and anti-oxidative action of Sal B most likely contributes to the anti-hypertensive action of the plant-derived compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chih Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dharmani Devi Murugan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Giusti L, Gabriele M, Penno G, Garofolo M, Longo V, Del Prato S, Lucchesi D, Pucci L. A Fermented Whole Grain Prevents Lipopolysaccharides-Induced Dysfunction in Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:1026268. [PMID: 28386305 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1026268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous signals derived by the gut microbiota such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) orchestrate inflammatory responses contributing to development of the endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), bone marrow derived stem cells, promote recovery of damaged endothelium playing a pivotal role in cardiovascular repair. Since healthy nutrition improves EPCs functions, we evaluated the effect of a fermented grain, Lisosan G (LG), on early EPCs exposed to LPS. The potential protective effect of LG against LPS-induced alterations was evaluated as cell viability, adhesiveness, ROS production, gene expression, and NF-kB signaling pathway activation. Our results showed that LPS treatment did not affect EPCs viability and adhesiveness but induced endothelial alterations via activation of NF-kB signaling. LG protects EPCs from inflammation as well as from LPS-induced oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reducing ROS levels, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defense. Moreover, LG pretreatment prevented NF-kB translocation from the cytoplasm into the nucleus caused by LPS exposure. In human EPCs, LPS increases ROS and upregulates proinflammatory tone, proapoptotic factors, and antioxidants. LG protects EPCs exposed to LPS reducing ROS, downregulating proinflammatory and proapoptotic factors, and strengthening antioxidant defenses possibly by inhibiting NF-κB nuclear translocation.
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Hu HJ, Jiang ZS, Qiu J, Zhou SH, Liu QM. Protective effects of hydrogen sulfide against angiotensin II-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in HUVECs. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2213-2222. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee YT, Lin HY, Chan YWF, Li KHC, To OTL, Yan BP, Liu T, Li G, Wong WT, Keung W, Tse G. Mouse models of atherosclerosis: a historical perspective and recent advances. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:12. [PMID: 28095860 PMCID: PMC5240327 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing countries. Animal models of atherosclerosis have served as valuable tools for providing insights on its aetiology, pathophysiology and complications. They can be used for invasive interrogation of physiological function and provide a platform for testing the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological therapies. Compared to studies using human subjects, animal models have the advantages of being easier to manage, with controllable diet and environmental risk factors. Moreover, pathophysiological changes can be induced either genetically or pharmacologically to study the harmful effects of these interventions. There is no single ideal animal model, as different systems are suitable for different research objectives. A good understanding of the similarities and differences to humans enables effective extrapolation of data for translational application. In this article, we will examine the different mouse models for the study and elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. We also review recent advances in the field, such as the role of oxidative stress in promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage, which can result in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Finally, novel therapeutic approaches to reduce vascular damage caused by chronic inflammation using microRNA and nano-medicine technology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | - Olivia Tsz Ling To
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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Liang Z, Zheng Y, Wang J, Zhang Q, Ren S, Liu T, Wang Z, Luo D. Low molecular weight fucoidan ameliorates streptozotocin-induced hyper-responsiveness of aortic smooth muscles in type 1 diabetes rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:341-349. [PMID: 27346541 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) was prepared from Laminaria japonica Areschoug, a popular seafood and medicinal plant consumed in Asia. Chinese have long been using it as a traditional medicine for curing hypertension and edema. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was intent to investigate the possible beneficial effect of LMWF on hyper-responsiveness of aortic smooth muscles instreptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were made diabetic by injection of STZ, followed by the administration of LMWF (50 or 100mg/kg/day) or probucol (100mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Body weight, blood glucose level, basal blood pressure, serum lipid profiles, oxidative stress, prostanoids production, and vasoconstriction response of endothelium-denuded aorta rings to phenylephrine were measured by Real time-PCR, Western blots, ELISA assay, and force myograph, respectively. RESULTS LMWF (100mg/kg/day)-treated group showed robust improvements on STZ-induced body weight-loss, hypertension, and hyperlipidaemia as indicated by decreased serum level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol; while probucol, a lipid-modifying drug with antioxidant properties, displayed mild effects. In addition, LMWF appreciably ameliorated STZ-elicited hyper-responsiveness and oxidative stress in aortic smooth muscles as indicated by decreased superoxide level, increased glutathione content and higher superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, administration with LMWF dramatically prevented cyclooxygenase-2 stimulation and restored the up-regulation of thromboxane synthase and down-regulation of 6-keto-PGF1α (a stable metabolic product of prostaglandin I2) in the STZ-administered rats. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates for the first time that LMWF can protect against hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and hyper-responsiveness of aortic smooth muscles in type 1 diabetic rat via, at least in part, amelioration of oxidative stress and restoration of prostanoids levels in aortic smooth muscles. Therefore, LMWF can be a potential adjuvant treatment against cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antihypertensive Agents/chemistry
- Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/physiopathology
- Biomarkers/blood
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/blood
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/prevention & control
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Glutathione/metabolism
- Hyperlipidemias/blood
- Hyperlipidemias/physiopathology
- Hyperlipidemias/prevention & control
- Hypertension/blood
- Hypertension/physiopathology
- Hypertension/prevention & control
- Hypolipidemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology
- Lipids/blood
- Male
- Molecular Weight
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Polysaccharides/chemistry
- Polysaccharides/pharmacology
- Prostaglandins/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Streptozocin
- Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
- Superoxides/metabolism
- Vasodilation/drug effects
- Weight Gain/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Shuang Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
| | - Dali Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, PR China.
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39
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Tse G, Yan BP, Chan YWF, Tian XY, Huang Y. Reactive Oxygen Species, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Link with Cardiac Arrhythmogenesis. Front Physiol 2016; 7:313. [PMID: 27536244 PMCID: PMC4971160 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac arrhythmias represent a significant problem globally, leading to cerebrovascular accidents, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. There is increasing evidence to suggest that increased oxidative stress from reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is elevated in conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, can lead to arrhythmogenesis. METHOD A literature review was undertaken to screen for articles that investigated the effects of ROS on cardiac ion channel function, remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. RESULTS Prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress is observed in heart failure, leading to increased production of ROS. Mitochondrial ROS, which is elevated in diabetes and hypertension, can stimulate its own production in a positive feedback loop, termed ROS-induced ROS release. Together with activation of mitochondrial inner membrane anion channels, it leads to mitochondrial depolarization. Abnormal function of these organelles can then activate downstream signaling pathways, ultimately culminating in altered function or expression of cardiac ion channels responsible for generating the cardiac action potential (AP). Vascular and cardiac endothelial cells become dysfunctional, leading to altered paracrine signaling to influence the electrophysiology of adjacent cardiomyocytes. All of these changes can in turn produce abnormalities in AP repolarization or conduction, thereby increasing likelihood of triggered activity and reentry. CONCLUSION ROS plays a significant role in producing arrhythmic substrate. Therapeutic strategies targeting upstream events include production of a strong reducing environment or the use of pharmacological agents that target organelle-specific proteins and ion channels. These may relieve oxidative stress and in turn prevent arrhythmic complications in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Bryan P. Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yin W. F. Chan
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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40
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Tse G, Lai ETH, Lee APW, Yan BP, Wong SH. Electrophysiological Mechanisms of Gastrointestinal Arrhythmogenesis: Lessons from the Heart. Front Physiol 2016; 7:230. [PMID: 27378939 PMCID: PMC4906021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in the orderly activation and recovery of electrical excitation traveling through the heart and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can lead to arrhythmogenesis. For example, cardiac arrhythmias predispose to thromboembolic events resulting in cerebrovascular accidents and myocardial infarction, and to sudden cardiac death. By contrast, arrhythmias in the GI tract are usually not life-threatening and much less well characterized. However, they have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of GI motility disorders, including gastroparesis, dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, mesenteric ischaemia, Hirschsprung disease, slow transit constipation, all of which are associated with significant morbidity. Both cardiac and gastrointestinal arrhythmias can broadly be divided into non-reentrant and reentrant activity. The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the mechanisms underlying arrhythmogenesis in both systems to provide insight into the pathogenesis of GI motility disorders and potential molecular targets for future therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong KongHong Kong, China; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Eric T H Lai
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Alex P W Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Sunny H Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Institute of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
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41
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Luo W, Liu B, Zhou Y. The endothelial cyclooxygenase pathway: Insights from mouse arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 780:148-58. [PMID: 27020548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To date, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly believed to be the major mediator of endothelial prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) synthesis that balances the effect of thromboxane (Tx) A2 synthesis mediated by the other COX isoform, COX-1 in platelets. Accordingly, selective inhibition of COX-2 is considered to cause vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, and hence increase the incidence of cardiovascular events. This idea has been claimed to be substantiated by experiments on mouse models, some of which are deficient in one of the two COX isoforms. However, results from our studies and those of others using similar mouse models suggest that COX-1 is the major functional isoform in vascular endothelium. Also, although PGI2 is recognized as a potent vasodilator, in some arteries endothelial COX activation causes vasoconstrictor response. This has again been recognized by studies, especially those performed on mouse arteries, to result largely from endothelial PGI2 synthesis. Therefore, evidence that supports a role for COX-1 as the major mediator of PGI2 synthesis in mouse vascular endothelium, reasons for the inconsistency, and results that elucidate underlying mechanisms for divergent vasomotor reactions to endothelial COX activation will be discussed in this review. In addition, we address the possible pathological implications and limitations of findings obtained from studies performed on mouse arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhong Luo
- Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
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Romero M, Leon-Gomez E, Lobysheva I, Rath G, Dogné JM, Feron O, Dessy C. Effects of BM-573 on Endothelial Dependent Relaxation and Increased Blood Pressure at Early Stages of Atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152579. [PMID: 27019366 PMCID: PMC4809599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is considered to be an early event in atherosclerosis and plays a pivotal role in the development, progression and clinical complications of atherosclerosis. Previous studies have shown the beneficial effects of combined inhibition of thromboxane synthase and antagonism of thromboxane receptors by BM-573 on atherosclerosis; however our knowledge about the beneficial effects of BM-573 on endothelial function and increased blood pressure related to early stage of atherosclerosis is limited. In the present study, we investigated the effects of short-term (3 μM, 1 hour) and chronic (10 mg/L, 8 weeks) treatments with BM-573 on vasodilatory function, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, oxidative stress and systolic blood pressure in 15 weeks old apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice. ApoE-KO mice showed a reduced endothelium-derived relaxation. In addition, NO bioavailability was reduced and oxidative stress and blood pressure were increased in ApoE-KO mice versus wild-type mice. BM-573 treatments were able to improve the relaxation profile in ApoE-KO mice. Short-term effects of BM-573 were mainly mediated by an increased phosphorylation of both eNOS and Akt, whereas BM-573 in vivo treatment also reduced oxidative stress and restored NO bioavailability. In addition, chronic administration of BM-573 reduced systolic blood pressure in ApoE-KO mice. In conclusion, pharmacological modulation of TxA2 biosynthesis and biological activities by dual TP antagonism/TxAS inhibition with BM-573, already known to prevent plaque formation, has the potential to correct vasodilatory dysfunction at the early stages of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (MR); (CD)
| | - Elvira Leon-Gomez
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Irina Lobysheva
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Rath
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental & Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical School, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail: (MR); (CD)
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Abstract
As flavonols are present in fruits and vegetables, they are consumed in considerable amounts in the diet. There is growing evidence that the well-recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasorelaxant actions of flavonols may, at least in part, result from modulation of biochemical signaling pathways and kinases. It is well established that diabetes is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite clinical management of blood glucose levels, diabetes often results in cardiovascular disease. There is good evidence that endothelial dysfunction contributes significantly to the progression of diabetic cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the biological actions of flavonols that may ameliorate adverse cardiovascular events in diabetes. We discuss evidence that flavonols may be developed as novel pharmacological agents to prevent diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction.
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Headley CA, DiSilvestro D, Bryant KE, Hemann C, Chen CA, Das A, Ziouzenkova O, Durand G, Villamena FA. Nitrones reverse hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:108-17. [PMID: 26774452 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has been implicated in the development of endothelial dysfunction through heightened ROS production. Since nitrones reverse endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) dysfunction, increase antioxidant enzyme activity, and suppress pro-apoptotic signaling pathway and mitochondrial dysfunction from ROS-induced toxicity, the objective of this study was to determine whether nitrone spin traps DMPO, PBN and PBN-LA were effective at duplicating these effects and improving glucose uptake in an in vitro model of hyperglycemia-induced dysfunction using bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). BAEC were cultured in DMEM medium with low (5.5mM glucose, LG) or high glucose (50mM, HG) for 14 days to model in vivo hyperglycemia as experienced in humans with metabolic disease. Improvements in cell viability, intracellular oxidative stress, NO and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels, mitochondrial membrane potential, glucose transport, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured from single treatment of BAEC with nitrones for 24h after hyperglycemia. Chronic hyperglycemia significantly increased intracellular ROS by 50%, decreased cell viability by 25%, reduced NO bioavailability by 50%, and decreased (BH4) levels by 15% thereby decreasing NO production. Intracellular glucose transport and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were also decreased by 50% and 25% respectively. Nitrone (PBN and DMPO, 50 μM) treatment of BAEC grown in hyperglycemic conditions resulted in the normalization of outcome measures except for SOD and catalase activities. Our findings demonstrate that the nitrones reverse the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia in BAEC. We believe that in vivo testing of these nitrone compounds in models of cardiometabolic disease is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colwyn A Headley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David DiSilvestro
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelsey E Bryant
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Craig Hemann
- The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Amlan Das
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ouliana Ziouzenkova
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Grégory Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM & Avignon Université, Equipe Chimie Bioorganique et Systèmes Amphiphiles, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84000 Avignon, France
| | - Frederick A Villamena
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Li S, Liu B, Luo W, Zhang Y, Li H, Huang D, Zhou Y. Role of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in endothelium-dependent contraction of atherosclerotic mouse abdominal aortas. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:67-74. [PMID: 26444418 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 or -2 in endothelium-dependent contraction under atherosclerotic conditions. Atherosclerosis was induced in apoE knockout (apoE(-/-)) mice and those with COX-1(-/-) (apoE(-/-)-COX-1(-/-)) by feeding with high fat and cholesterol food. Aortas (abdominal or the whole section) were isolated for functional and/or biochemical analyses. As in non-atherosclerotic conditions, the muscarinic receptor agonist acetylcholine (ACh) evoked an endothelium-dependent, COX-mediated contraction following NO synthase (NOS) inhibition in abdominal aortic rings from atherosclerotic apoE(-/-) mice. Interestingly, COX-1 inhibition not only abolished such a contraction in rings showing normal appearance, but also diminished that in rings with plaques. Accordingly, only a minor contraction (<30% that of apoE(-/-) counterparts) was evoked by ACh (following NOS inhibition) in abdominal aortic rings of atherosclerotic apoE(-/-)-COX-1(-/-) mice with plaques, and none was evoked in those showing normal appearance. Also, the contraction evoked by ACh in apoE(-/-)-COX-1(-/-) abdominal aortic rings with plaques was abolished by non-selective COX inhibition, thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor antagonism, or endothelial denudation. Moreover, it was noted that ACh evoked a predominant production of the prostacyclin (PGI2, which mediates abdominal aortic contraction via TP receptors in mice) metabolite 6-keto-PGF1α, which was again sensitive to COX-1 inhibition or COX-1(-/-). Therefore, in atherosclerotic mouse abdominal aortas, COX-1 can still be the major isoform mediating endothelium-dependent contraction, which probably results largely from PGI2 synthesis as in non-atherosclerotic conditions. In contrast, COX-2 may have only a minor role in such response limited to areas of plaques under the same pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingzhan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Dongyang Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Liu D, Liu B, Luo W, Li H, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. A vasoconstrictor response to COX-1-mediated prostacyclin synthesis in young rat renal arteries that increases in prehypertensive conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H804-H811. [PMID: 26209052 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether prostacyclin (PGI2) functions as an endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF) in young rat renal arteries, and, if so, we wanted to examine the underlying mechanism(s) and how it changes in prehypertensive conditions. Vessels from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and prehypertensive spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) of 25-28 days of age were isolated for functional and biochemical analyses. Result showed that following NO synthase (NOS) inhibition PGI2 and the thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptor agonist U-46619 evoked contractions in young WKY renal arteries that were similar to those in prehypertensive SHRs. Meanwhile, the endothelial muscarinic receptor agonist ACh evoked an endothelium-dependent contraction under NOS-inhibited conditions and a production of the PGI2 metabolite 6-keto-PGF1α; both were sensitive to cyclooxygenase (COX) and/or COX-1 inhibition but higher in prehypertensive SHRs than in young WKYs. Interestingly, in WKY renal arteries PGI2 did not evoke relaxation even after TP receptor antagonism that diminished the contraction evoked by the agonist. Indeed, PGI2 (IP) receptors were not detected in the vessel with Western blot. Moreover, we noted that treatment with the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin, which was started at the prehypertensive stage, blunted the elevation of systolic blood pressure and reduced the heart-to-body ratio in SHR within 2 mo of treatment. These results demonstrate that due to scarcity of IP receptors, PGI2, which is derived mainly from COX-1-mediated metabolism, acts as an EDCF in young WKY renal arteries, and it increases in prehypertensive conditions. Also, our data revealed that COX inhibition starting from the prehypertensive stage has an antihypertensive effect in young SHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; and
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; and
| | - Wenhong Luo
- The Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Li
- The Central Lab, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yingzhan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; and
| | - Yingbi Zhou
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; and
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Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) is a member of the bone morphogenetic protein family which plays a key role in the bone formation and embryonic development. In addition to these predominate and well-studied effects, the growing evidences highlight BMP4 as an important factor in cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and valve disease. Our recent works demonstrated that BMP4 mediated cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, fibrosis and ion channel remodeling in pathological cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we discussed the role of BMP4 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the recent advances about BMP4 in cardiovascular diseases closely related to pathological cardiac hypertrophy/heart failure. We put forward that BMP4 is a novel therapeutic target for pathological cardiac hypertrophy/heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ting Guo
- Department of Pharmacology (the State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), Harbin Medical University, Baojian Road 157, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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48
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Abstract
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is responsible for the production of nitric oxide within the endothelium. Loss of eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin to initial increase in oxidative stress leads to uncoupling of eNOS, in which the enzyme produces superoxide anion rather than nitric oxide, further substantiating oxidative stress to induce vascular pathogenesis. The current review focuses on recent advances on the molecular mechanisms and consequences of eNOS dysfunction in hypertension, and potential novel therapeutic strategies restoring eNOS function to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Venneri MA, Giannetta E, Panio G, De Gaetano R, Gianfrilli D, Pofi R, Masciarelli S, Fazi F, Pellegrini M, Lenzi A, Naro F, Isidori AM. Chronic Inhibition of PDE5 Limits Pro-Inflammatory Monocyte-Macrophage Polarization in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126580. [PMID: 25961566 PMCID: PMC4427327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by changes in endothelial cells that alter monocyte recruitment, increase classic (M1-type) tissue macrophage infiltration and lead to self-sustained inflammation. Our and other groups recently showed that chronic inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5i) affects circulating cytokine levels in patients with diabetes; whether PDE5i also affects circulating monocytes and tissue inflammatory cell infiltration remains to be established. Using murine streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes and in human vitro cell-cell adhesion models we show that chronic hyperglycemia induces changes in myeloid and endothelial cells that alter monocyte recruitment and lead to self-sustained inflammation. Continuous PDE5i with sildenafil (SILD) expanded tissue anti-inflammatory TIE2-expressing monocytes (TEMs), which are known to limit inflammation and promote tissue repair. Specifically, SILD: 1) normalizes the frequency of circulating pro-inflammatory monocytes triggered by hyperglycemia (53.7 ± 7.9% of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in STZ vs. 30.4 ± 8.3% in STZ+SILD and 27.1 ± 1.6% in CTRL, P<0.01); 2) prevents STZ-induced tissue inflammatory infiltration (4-fold increase in F4/80+ macrophages in diabetic vs. control mice) by increasing renal and heart anti-inflammatory TEMs (30.9 ± 3.6% in STZ+SILD vs. 6.9 ± 2.7% in STZ, P <0.01, and 11.6 ± 2.9% in CTRL mice); 3) reduces vascular inflammatory proteins (iNOS, COX2, VCAM-1) promoting tissue protection; 4) lowers monocyte adhesion to human endothelial cells in vitro through the TIE2 receptor. All these changes occurred independently from changes of glycemic status. In summary, we demonstrate that circulating renal and cardiac TEMs are defective in chronic hyperglycemia and that SILD normalizes their levels by facilitating the shift from classic (M1-like) to alternative (M2-like)/TEM macrophage polarization. Restoration of tissue TEMs with PDE5i could represent an additional pharmacological tool to prevent end-organ diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Anna Venneri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AMI); (MAV)
| | - Elisa Giannetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Panio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita De Gaetano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Masciarelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Andrea Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Naro
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea M. Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AMI); (MAV)
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Montezano AC, Dulak-Lis M, Tsiropoulou S, Harvey A, Briones AM, Touyz RM. Oxidative Stress and Human Hypertension: Vascular Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Novel Therapies. Can J Cardiol 2015; 31:631-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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