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Sugumar T, Shen G, Smith J, Zhang H. Creating Climate-Resilient Crops by Increasing Drought, Heat, and Salt Tolerance. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:1238. [PMID: 38732452 PMCID: PMC11085490 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, the changes in the agriculture industry have been inevitable, considering the need to feed the growing population. As the world population continues to grow, food security has become challenged. Resources such as arable land and freshwater have become scarce due to quick urbanization in developing countries and anthropologic activities; expanding agricultural production areas is not an option. Environmental and climatic factors such as drought, heat, and salt stresses pose serious threats to food production worldwide. Therefore, the need to utilize the remaining arable land and water effectively and efficiently and to maximize the yield to support the increasing food demand has become crucial. It is essential to develop climate-resilient crops that will outperform traditional crops under any abiotic stress conditions such as heat, drought, and salt, as well as these stresses in any combinations. This review provides a glimpse of how plant breeding in agriculture has evolved to overcome the harsh environmental conditions and what the future would be like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharanya Sugumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Guoxin Shen
- Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
| | - Jennifer Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (T.S.); (J.S.)
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Opoku E, Sahu PP, Findurová H, Holub P, Urban O, Klem K. Differential physiological and production responses of C3 and C4 crops to climate factor interactions. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1345462. [PMID: 38371407 PMCID: PMC10869619 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1345462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of the interactions of key factors associated with predicted climate change (increased temperature, and drought) and elevated CO2 concentration on C3 and C4 crop representatives, barley and sorghum. The effect of two levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration (400 and 800 ppm), three levels of temperature regime (21/7, 26/12 and 33/19°C) and two regimes of water availability (simulation of drought by gradual reduction of irrigation and well-watered control) in all combinations was investigated in a pot experiment within growth chambers for barley variety Bojos and sorghum variety Ruby. Due to differences in photosynthetic metabolism in C3 barley and C4 sorghum, leading to different responses to elevated CO2 concentration, we hypothesized mitigation of the negative drought impact in barley under elevated CO2 concentration and, conversely, improved performance of sorghum at high temperatures. The results demonstrate the decoupling of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation and production parameters in sorghum. High temperatures and elevated CO2 concentration resulted in a significant increase in sorghum above- and below-ground biomass under sufficient water availability despite the enhanced sensitivity of photosynthesis to high temperatures. However, the negative effect of drought is amplified by the effect of high temperature, similarly for biomass and photosynthetic rates. Sorghum also showed a mitigating effect of elevated CO2 concentration on the negative drought impact, particularly in reducing the decrease of relative water content in leaves. In barley, no significant factor interactions were observed, indicating the absence of mitigating the negative drought effects by elevated CO2 concentration. These complex interactions imply that, unlike barley, sorghum can be predicted to have a much higher variability in response to climate change. However, under conditions combining elevated CO2 concentration, high temperature, and sufficient water availability, the outperforming of C4 crops can be expected. On the contrary, the C3 crops can be expected to perform even better under drought conditions when accompanied by lower temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Opoku
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Findurová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Petr Holub
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS), Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
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Hasan MK, Xing QF, Zhou CY, Wang KX, Xu T, Yang P, Qi ZY, Shao SJ, Ahammed GJ, Zhou J. Melatonin mediates elevated carbon dioxide-induced photosynthesis and thermotolerance in tomato. J Pineal Res 2023; 74:e12858. [PMID: 36732033 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) promotes photosynthesis and mitigates heat stress-induced deleterious effects on plants, but the regulatory mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we found that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants treated with high atmospheric CO2 concentrations (600, 800, and 1000 µmol mol-1 ) accumulated increased levels of melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxy tryptamine) in their leaves and this response is conserved across many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice, wheat, mustard, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and hot pepper. Elevated CO2 (eCO2 ; 800 µmol mol-1 ) caused a 6.8-fold increase in leaf melatonin content, and eCO2 -induced melatonin biosynthesis preferentially occurred through chloroplast biosynthetic pathways in tomato plants. Crucially, manipulation of endogenous melatonin levels by genetic means affected the eCO2 -induced accumulation of sugar and starch in tomato leaves. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II, and transcript levels of chloroplast- and nuclear-encoded photosynthetic genes, such as rbcL, rbcS, rbcA, psaD, petB, and atpA, significantly increased in COMT1 overexpressing (COMT1-OE) tomato plants, but not in melatonin-deficient comt1 mutants at eCO2 conditions. While eCO2 enhanced plant tolerance to heat stress (42°C) in wild-type and COMT1-OE, melatonin deficiency compromised eCO2 -induced thermotolerance in comt1 plants. The expression of heat shock proteins genes increased in COMT1-OE but not in comt1 plants in response to eCO2 under heat stress. Further analysis revealed that eCO2 -induced thermotolerance was closely linked to the melatonin-dependent regulation of reactive oxygen species, redox homeostasis, cellular protein protection, and phytohormone metabolism. This study unveiled a crucial mechanism of elevated CO2 -induced thermotolerance in which melatonin acts as an essential endogenous signaling molecule in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamrul Hasan
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qu-Fan Xing
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can-Yu Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Xin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Qi
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Stress Resistance Regulation and Safe Production of Protected Vegetables, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, China
- Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou, China
- Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
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Ulfat A, Mehmood A, Ahmad KS, Ul-Allah S. Elevated carbon dioxide offers promise for wheat adaptation to heat stress by adjusting carbohydrate metabolism. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:2345-2355. [PMID: 34744370 PMCID: PMC8526630 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Carbohydrate metabolism in plants is influenced by thermodynamics. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is expected to rise in the future. As a result, understanding the effects of higher CO2 on carbohydrate metabolism and heat stress tolerance is necessary for anticipating plant responses to global warming and elevated CO2. In this study, five wheat cultivars were exposed to heat stress (40 °C) at the onset of anthesis for three continuous days. These cultivars were grown at two levels of CO2 i.e. ambient CO2 level (a[CO2], 380 mmol L-1) and elevated CO2 level (e[CO2], 780 mmol L-1), to determine the interactive effect of elevated CO2 and heat stress on carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activity in wheat. Heat stress reduced the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and grain yield in all five cultivars, but cultivars grown in e[CO2] sustained Pn and grain yield in contrast to cultivars grown in a[CO2]. Heat stress reduced the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, invertases, Glutathione reductase (GR), Peroxidase (POX), and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) at a[CO2] but increased at e[CO2]. The concentration of sucrose, glucose, and fructose mainly increased in tolerant cultivars under heat stress at e[CO2]. This study confirms the interaction between the heat stress and e[CO2] to mitigate the effect of heat stress on wheat and suggests to have in-depth knowledge and precise understanding of carbohydrate metabolism in heat stressed plants in order to prevent the negative effects of high temperatures on productivity and other physiological attributes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01080-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Ulfat
- Department of Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Rawalpindi, 46000 Pakistan
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350 Azad Kashmir Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, 12350 Azad Kashmir Pakistan
| | | | - Sami Ul-Allah
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-campus, Layyah, Pakistan
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Malík M, Velechovský J, Tlustoš P. The overview of existing knowledge on medical cannabis plants growing. PLANT SOIL ENVIRON 2021. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.17221/96/2021-pse] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Marques I, Fernandes I, Paulo OS, Lidon FC, DaMatta FM, Ramalho JC, Ribeiro-Barros AI. A Transcriptomic Approach to Understanding the Combined Impacts of Supra-Optimal Temperatures and CO 2 Revealed Different Responses in the Polyploid Coffea arabica and Its Diploid Progenitor C. canephora. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3125. [PMID: 33803866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effect of extreme temperatures and elevated air (CO2) is crucial for mitigating the impacts of the coffee industry. In this work, leaf transcriptomic changes were evaluated in the diploid C. canephora and its polyploid C. arabica, grown at 25 °C and at two supra-optimal temperatures (37 °C, 42 °C), under ambient (aCO2) or elevated air CO2 (eCO2). Both species expressed fewer genes as temperature rose, although a high number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed, especially at 42 °C. An enrichment analysis revealed that the two species reacted differently to the high temperatures but with an overall up-regulation of the photosynthetic machinery until 37 °C. Although eCO2 helped to release stress, 42 °C had a severe impact on both species. A total of 667 photosynthetic and biochemical related-DEGs were altered with high temperatures and eCO2, which may be used as key probe genes in future studies. This was mostly felt in C. arabica, where genes related to ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) activity, chlorophyll a-b binding, and the reaction centres of photosystems I and II were down-regulated, especially under 42°C, regardless of CO2. Transcriptomic changes showed that both species were strongly affected by the highest temperature, although they can endure higher temperatures (37 °C) than previously assumed.
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Geange SR, Arnold PA, Catling AA, Coast O, Cook AM, Gowland KM, Leigh A, Notarnicola RF, Posch BC, Venn SE, Zhu L, Nicotra AB. The thermal tolerance of photosynthetic tissues: a global systematic review and agenda for future research. New Phytol 2021; 229:2497-2513. [PMID: 33124040 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding plant thermal tolerance is fundamental to predicting impacts of extreme temperature events that are increasing in frequency and intensity across the globe. Extremes, not averages, drive species evolution, determine survival and increase crop performance. To better prioritize agricultural and natural systems research, it is crucial to evaluate how researchers are assessing the capacity of plants to tolerate extreme events. We conducted a systematic review to determine how plant thermal tolerance research is distributed across wild and domesticated plants, growth forms and biomes, and to identify crucial knowledge gaps. Our review shows that most thermal tolerance research examines cold tolerance of cultivated species; c. 5% of articles consider both heat and cold tolerance. Plants of extreme environments are understudied, and techniques widely applied in cultivated systems are largely unused in natural systems. Lastly, we find that lack of standardized methods and metrics compromises the potential for mechanistic insight. Our review provides an entry point for those new to the methods used in plant thermal tolerance research and bridges often disparate ecological and agricultural perspectives for the more experienced. We present a considered agenda of thermal tolerance research priorities to stimulate efficient, reliable and repeatable research across the spectrum of plant thermal tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya R Geange
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5008, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5008, Norway
| | - Pieter A Arnold
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alexandra A Catling
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, 4072, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent,, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Alicia M Cook
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kelli M Gowland
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Andrea Leigh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Rocco F Notarnicola
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Susanna E Venn
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., 3125, Australia
| | - Lingling Zhu
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Adrienne B Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Dusza Y, Sanchez-Cañete EP, Galliard JFL, Ferrière R, Chollet S, Massol F, Hansart A, Juarez S, Dontsova K, Haren JV, Troch P, Pavao-Zuckerman MA, Hamerlynck E, Barron-Gafford GA. Biotic soil-plant interaction processes explain most of hysteric soil CO 2 efflux response to temperature in cross-factorial mesocosm experiment. Sci Rep 2020; 10:905. [PMID: 31969580 PMCID: PMC6976568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecosystem carbon flux partitioning is strongly influenced by poorly constrained soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil). Simple model applications (Arrhenius and Q10) do not account for observed diel hysteresis between Fsoil and soil temperature. How this hysteresis emerges and how it will respond to variation in vegetation or soil moisture remains unknown. We used an ecosystem-level experimental system to independently control potential abiotic and biotic drivers of the Fsoil-T hysteresis. We hypothesized a principally biological cause for the hysteresis. Alternatively, Fsoil hysteresis is primarily driven by thermal convection through the soil profile. We conducted experiments under normal, fluctuating diurnal soil temperatures and under conditions where we held soil temperature near constant. We found (i) significant and nearly equal amplitudes of hysteresis regardless of soil temperature regime, and (ii) the amplitude of hysteresis was most closely tied to baseline rates of Fsoil, which were mostly driven by photosynthetic rates. Together, these findings suggest a more biologically-driven mechanism associated with photosynthate transport in yielding the observed patterns of soil CO2 efflux being out of sync with soil temperature. These findings should be considered on future partitioning models of ecosystem respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Dusza
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France.
| | | | - Jean-François Le Galliard
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris (iEES-Paris), Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Régis Ferrière
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ens (IBENS), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 75005, Paris, France
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Simon Chollet
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Florent Massol
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Amandine Hansart
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Sabrina Juarez
- Centre de recherche en écologie expérimentale et prédictive (CEREEP-Ecotron IleDeFrance), Département de biologie, Ecole normale supérieure, CNRS, PSL University, 77140, St-Pierre-les-Nemours, France
| | - Katerina Dontsova
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Joost van Haren
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Peter Troch
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- Department of Hydrology & Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
| | - Mitchell A Pavao-Zuckerman
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Erik Hamerlynck
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, OR, 97720, United States
| | - Greg A Barron-Gafford
- Biosphere 2, Office of Research, Development, & Innovation, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
- School of Geography & Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, United States
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Slattery RA, Ort DR. Carbon assimilation in crops at high temperatures. Plant Cell Environ 2019; 42:2750-2758. [PMID: 31046135 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Global temperatures are rising, and higher rates of temperature increase are projected over land areas that encompass the globe's major agricultural regions. In addition to increased growing season temperatures, heat waves are predicted to become more common and severe. High temperatures can inhibit photosynthetic carbon gain of crop plants and thus threaten productivity, the effects of which may interact with other aspects of climate change. Here, we review the current literature assessing temperature effects on photosynthesis in key crops with special attention to field studies using crop canopy heating technology and in combination with other climate variables. We also discuss the biochemical reactions related to carbon fixation that may limit crop photosynthesis under warming temperatures and the current strategies for adaptation. Important progress has been made on several adaptation strategies demonstrating proof-of-concept for translating improved photosynthesis into higher yields. These are now poised to test in important food crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Slattery
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - Donald R Ort
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801
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Zheng Y, Li F, Hao L, Yu J, Guo L, Zhou H, Ma C, Zhang X, Xu M. Elevated CO 2 concentration induces photosynthetic down-regulation with changes in leaf structure, non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogen content of soybean. BMC Plant Biol 2019; 19:255. [PMID: 31195963 PMCID: PMC6567668 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1788-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mechanisms of crops in response to elevated CO2 concentrations is pivotal to estimating the impacts of climate change on the global agricultural production. Based on earlier results of the "doubling-CO2 concentration" experiments, many current climate models may overestimate the CO2 fertilization effect on crops, and meanwhile, underestimate the potential impacts of future climate change on global agriculture ecosystem when the atmospheric CO2 concentration goes beyond the optimal levels for crop growth. RESULTS This study examined the photosynthetic response of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) to elevated CO2 concentration associated with changes in leaf structure, non-structural carbohydrates and nitrogen content with environmental growth chambers where the CO2 concentration was controlled at 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600 ppm. We found CO2-induced down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis as evidenced by the consistently declined leaf net photosynthetic rate (An) with elevated CO2 concentrations. This down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis was evident in biochemical and photochemical processes since the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) and the maximum electron transport rate (Jmax) were dramatically decreased at higher CO2 concentrations exceeding their optimal values of about 600 ppm and 400 ppm, respectively. Moreover, the down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis at high CO2 concentration was partially attributed to the reduced stomatal conductance (Gs) as demonstrated by the declines in stomatal density and stomatal area as well as the changes in the spatial distribution pattern of stomata. In addition, the smaller total mesophyll size (palisade and spongy tissues) and the lower nitrogen availability may also contribute to the down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis when soybean subjected to high CO2 concentration environment. CONCLUSIONS Down-regulation of leaf photosynthesis associated with the changes in stomatal traits, mesophyll tissue size, non-structural carbohydrates, and nitrogen availability of soybean in response to future high atmospheric CO2 concentration and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpu Zheng
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Lihua Hao
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Jingjin Yu
- School of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Guo
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Haoran Zhou
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Xixi Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056038 China
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004 China
- Center for Remote Sensing and Spatial Analysis, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA
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Bigot S, Buges J, Gilly L, Jacques C, Le Boulch P, Berger M, Delcros P, Domergue JB, Koehl A, Ley-Ngardigal B, Tran Van Canh L, Couée I. Pivotal roles of environmental sensing and signaling mechanisms in plant responses to climate change. Glob Chang Biol 2018; 24:5573-5589. [PMID: 30155993 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Climate change reshapes the physiology and development of organisms through phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic modifications, and genetic adaptation. Under evolutionary pressures of the sessile lifestyle, plants possess efficient systems of phenotypic plasticity and acclimation to environmental conditions. Molecular analysis, especially through omics approaches, of these primary lines of environmental adjustment in the context of climate change has revealed the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanisms, thus characterizing the links between phenotypic plasticity and climate change responses. The efficiency of adaptive plasticity under climate change indeed depends on the realization of such biochemical and physiological mechanisms, but the importance of sensing and signaling mechanisms that can integrate perception of environmental cues and transduction into physiological responses is often overlooked. Recent progress opens the possibility of considering plant phenotypic plasticity and responses to climate change through the perspective of environmental sensing and signaling. This review aims to analyze present knowledge on plant sensing and signaling mechanisms and discuss how their structural and functional characteristics lead to resilience or hypersensitivity under conditions of climate change. Plant cells are endowed with arrays of environmental and stress sensors and with internal signals that act as molecular integrators of the multiple constraints of climate change, thus giving rise to potential mechanisms of climate change sensing. Moreover, mechanisms of stress-related information propagation lead to stress memory and acquired stress tolerance that could withstand different scenarios of modifications of stress frequency and intensity. However, optimal functioning of existing sensors, optimal integration of additive constraints and signals, or memory processes can be hampered by conflicting interferences between novel combinations and novel changes in intensity and duration of climate change-related factors. Analysis of these contrasted situations emphasizes the need for future research on the diversity and robustness of plant signaling mechanisms under climate change conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Servane Bigot
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Julie Buges
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Lauriane Gilly
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Cécile Jacques
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Pauline Le Boulch
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Berger
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Pauline Delcros
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Domergue
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Koehl
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Béra Ley-Ngardigal
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Loup Tran Van Canh
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Ivan Couée
- Department of Life Sciences and Environment, Univ Rennes, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- ECOBIO (Ecosystems-Biodiversity-Evolution) - UMR 6553, Univ Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Abstract
Future increases in the intensity of heat waves (high heat and low water availability) are predicted to be one of the most significant impacts on organisms. Using six native grasses from Eastern Australia, we assessed their capacity to tolerate heat waves with low water availability. We were interested in understanding differential response between native grasses of differing photosynthetic pathways in terms of physiological and some molecular parameters to ecologically relevant summer heat waves that are associated with low rainfall. We used a simulation heatwave event in controlled temperature cabinets and investigated effects of the different treatments on four stress indicators: leaf senescence, leaf water content, photosynthetic efficiency and the relative expression of two heat shock proteins, Hsp70 and smHsp17.6. Leaf senescence was significantly greater under the combined stress treatment, while declines in leaf water content and photosynthetic efficiency were much larger for C3 than C4 plants, particularly under the combined stress treatment. Species showed an increase in expression of Hsp70 associated with heat treatment, rather than drought stress. In contrast Hsp17.6 was only detected in two species, responding to heat rather than drought, although species’ responses were variable. Overall, the C3 species were less tolerant than C4 species. Variation in individual plants within species was evident, especially under multiple stresses, and indicates that losses of individual plants may occur during a heat wave associated with this variability in tolerance. Heat waves will impose significant stress on plant communities that would not otherwise occur when heat and drought stress are experienced singly. Using ecologically relevant heat stress is likely to yield better predictability of how native plants will cope under a hotter, drier future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Davies
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Heath Ecroyd
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristine French
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Qu M, Chen G, Bunce JA, Zhu X, Sicher RC. Systematic biology analysis on photosynthetic carbon metabolism of maize leaf following sudden heat shock under elevated CO 2. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7849. [PMID: 29777170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants would experience more complex environments, such as sudden heat shock (SHS) stress combined with elevated CO2 in the future, and might adapt to this stressful condition by optimizing photosynthetic carbon metabolism (PCM). It is interesting to understand whether this acclimation process would be altered in different genotypes of maize under elevated CO2, and which metabolites represent key indicators reflecting the photosynthetic rates (PN) following SHS. Although B76 had greater reduction in PN during SHS treatment, our results indicated that PN in genotype B76, displayed faster recovery after SHS treatment under elevated CO2 than in genotype B106. Furthermore, we employed a stepwise feature extraction approach by partial linear regression model. Our findings demonstrated that 9 key metabolites over the total (35 metabolites) can largely explain the variance of PN during recovery from SHS across two maize genotypes and two CO2 grown conditions. Of these key metabolites, malate, valine, isoleucine, glucose and starch are positively correlated with recovery pattern of PN. Malate metabolites responses to SHS were further discussed by incorporating with the activities and gene expression of three C4 photosynthesis-related key enzymes. We highlighted the importance of malate metabolism during photosynthesis recovery from short-term SHS, and data integration analysis to better comprehend the regulatory framework of PCM in response to abiotic stress.
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Are commercial sweet cherry rootstocks adapted to climate change? Short-term waterlogging and CO 2 effects on sweet cherry cv. 'Burlat'. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:908-918. [PMID: 28107563 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High CO2 is able to ameliorate some negative effects due to climate change and intensify others. This study involves the sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivar 'Burlat' grafted on the 'Mariana 2624', 'Adara' and 'LC 52' rootstocks. In a climate chamber at two CO2 concentrations, ambient (400 µmol mol-1 ) and elevated (800 µmol mol-1 ), the plants were submitted to waterlogging for 7 d, followed by 7 d of recovery after drainage. Waterlogging drastically decreased the rate of photosynthesis, significantly endangering plant survival, particularly for the 'LC 52' and 'Adara' rootstocks. 'Mariana 2624' was also clearly affected by waterlogging that increased lipid peroxidation and the Cl- and SO42- concentrations in all the studied plants. Nevertheless, CO2 was able to overcome this reduction in photosynthesis, augmenting growth, increasing soluble sugars and starch, raising turgor and regulating the concentrations of Cl- and SO42- , while lowering the NO3- concentration in leaves of all the studied rootstocks. In concordance with these results, the proline levels indicated a more intense stress at control CO2 than at high CO2 for waterlogged plants. 'Mariana 2624' was more resistant to waterlogging than 'Adara', and both were more resistant than 'LC 52' in control CO2 conditions; this clearly enhanced the chance of survival under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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Qu M, Bunce JA, Sicher RC, Zhu X, Gao B, Chen G. An attempt to interpret a biochemical mechanism of C4 photosynthetic thermo-tolerance under sudden heat shock on detached leaf in elevated CO2 grown maize. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187437. [PMID: 29220364 PMCID: PMC5722340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Detached leaves at top canopy structures always experience higher solar irradiance and leaf temperature under natural conditions. The ability of tolerance to high temperature represents thermotolerance potential of whole-plants, but was less of concern. In this study, we used a heat-tolerant (B76) and a heat-susceptible (B106) maize inbred line to assess the possible mitigation of sudden heat shock (SHS) effects on photosynthesis (PN) and C4 assimilation pathway by elevated [CO2]. Two maize lines were grown in field-based open top chambers (OTCs) at ambient and elevated (+180 ppm) [CO2]. Top-expanded leaves for 30 days after emergence were suddenly exposed to a 45°C SHS for 2 hours in midday during measurements. Analysis on thermostability of cellular membrane showed there was 20% greater electrolyte leakage in response to the SHS in B106 compared to B76, in agreement with prior studies. Elevated [CO2] protected PN from SHS in B76 but not B106. The responses of PN to SHS among the two lines and grown CO2 treatments were closely correlated with measured decreases of NADP-ME enzyme activity and also to its reduced transcript abundance. The SHS treatments induced starch depletion, the accumulation of hexoses and also disrupted the TCA cycle as well as the C4 assimilation pathway in the both lines. Elevated [CO2] reversed SHS effects on citrate and related TCA cycle metabolites in B106 but the effects of elevated [CO2] were small in B76. These findings suggested that heat stress tolerance is a complex trait, and it is difficult to identify biochemical, physiological or molecular markers that accurately and consistently predict heat stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingnan Qu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - James A. Bunce
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard C. Sicher
- USDA-ARS, Crop Systems and Global Change Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, United States of America
| | - Xiaocen Zhu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Centralab Institute of Basic Medical Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Genyun Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero Zapata MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. Two minuses can make a plus: waterlogging and elevated CO 2 interactions in sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars. Physiol Plant 2017; 161:257-272. [PMID: 28568609 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the ambient concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases is producing climate events that can compromise crop survival. However, high CO2 concentrations are sometimes able to mitigate certain stresses such as salinity or drought. In this experiment, the effects of waterlogging and CO2 are studied in combination to elucidate the eventual response in sweet cherry trees. For this purpose, four sweet cherry cultivars ('Burlat', 'Cashmere', 'Lapins and 'New Star') were grafted on a typically hypoxia-tolerant rootstock (Mariana 2624) and submitted to waterlogging for 7 days at either ambient CO2 concentration (400 µmol mol-1 ) or at elevated CO2 (800 µmol mol-1 ). Waterlogging affected plants drastically, by decreasing photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth. It also brought about the accumulation of proline, chloride and sulfate. Nonetheless, raising the CO2 supply not only mitigated all these effects but also induced the accumulation of soluble sugars and starch in the leaf. Therefore, sweet cherry plants submitted to waterlogging were able to overcome this stress when grown in a CO2 -enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Piñero Zapata
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, 30150, Spain
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Loik ME, Resco de Dios V, Smith R, Tissue DT. Relationships between climate of origin and photosynthetic responses to an episodic heatwave depend on growth CO 2 concentration for Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. camaldulensis. Funct Plant Biol 2017; 44:1053-1062. [PMID: 32480632 DOI: 10.1071/fp17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stressful episodic weather is likely to affect the C balance of trees as the climate changes, potentially altering survival. However, the role of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) in tolerating off-season episodic extremes is not clear. We tested for interactive effects of elevated CO2 and springtime heat stress on photosynthesis for seven genotypes of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. var. camaldulensis, representing its widespread distribution across south-eastern Australia. We grew clonal material under glasshouse conditions of ambient (aCO2; 400 parts per million (ppm)) or elevated (eCO2; 640ppm) [CO2], and air temperatures of 25:17°C (day:night), and measured the electron transport rate in PSII (ETR), stomatal conductance to water vapour (gs) and net CO2 assimilation (A). Measurements were made before, during and after a four-day temperature excursion of 35:27°C. ETR and A were ~17% higher for plants grown in eCO2 than in aCO2. Photosynthesis remained stable for plants in eCO2 during the heatwave. Based on the effect size ratio (eCO2:aCO2), gs and ETR were temporarily affected more by the heatwave than A. A reduction in ETR in eCO2 was the only lasting effect of the heatwave. There were no significant differences among genotypes. Correlations between photosynthesis and climate of origin differed for plants grown in aCO2 compared with eCO2, suggesting potential complex and multiple control points on photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, Universitat de Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Renee Smith
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-electric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Lianghuan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejian Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianfei Gao
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiping Ding
- Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhu
- Department of Ecosystem Science & Management, The Penndylvania State University, PA, USA
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Pérez-Jiménez M, Hernández-Munuera M, Piñero MC, López-Ortega G, Del Amor FM. CO 2 effects on the waterlogging response of 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' (Prunus cerasusxPrunus canescens) sweet cherry (Prunus avium) rootstocks. J Plant Physiol 2017; 213:178-187. [PMID: 28407490 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is submitting countries of the Mediterranean arc to periods of drought alternating with heavy rain and waterlogging. Eventual floods along with the rising CO2 in the atmosphere present an unpredictable scenario that affects crop survival. The effect of both stresses combined has been studied in sweet cherry plants. 'Gisela 5' and 'Gisela 6' were evaluated as rootstocks of the sweet cherry cultivar 'Burlat'. Plants were placed in a controlled-climate chamber for 7days, then they were submitted to waterlogging for another 7days and the response to this stress and the subsequent recovery were studied (7 more days). The experiment was carried out at 400μmolmol-1 CO2 (ambient CO2) and 800μmolmol-1 CO2, at 26°C, and plant water status and growth, net CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water potential, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, anions content, proline, lipid peroxidation, soluble sugars, and starch were measured. Differences in the response and in its intensity were detected in both rootstocks. Some parameters - such as photosynthesis, soluble sugars, starch, TBARS, and NO3- - varied depending on the CO2 conditions and the waterlogging effect. Elevated CO2 was able to increase photosynthesis and thereby help plants to overcome waterlogging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Hernández-Munuera
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Carmen Piñero
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gregorio López-Ortega
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M Del Amor
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), 30150, Murcia, Spain
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Sekhar KM, Reddy KS, Reddy AR. Amelioration of drought-induced negative responses by elevated CO 2 in field grown short rotation coppice mulberry (Morus spp.), a potential bio-energy tree crop. Photosynth Res 2017; 132:151-164. [PMID: 28238122 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Present study describes the responses of short rotation coppice (SRC) mulberry, a potential bio-energy tree, grown under interactive environment of elevated CO2 (E) and water stress (WS). Growth in E stimulated photosynthetic performance in well-watered (WW) as well as during WS with significant increases in light-saturated photosynthetic rates (A Sat), water use efficiency (WUEi), intercellular [CO2], and photosystem-II efficiency (F V/F M and ∆F/F M') with concomitant reduction in stomatal conductance (g s) and transpiration (E) compared to ambient CO2 (A) grown plants. Reduced levels of proline, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher contents of antioxidants including ascorbic acid and total phenolics in WW and WS in E plants clearly demonstrated lesser oxidative damage. Further, A plants showed higher transcript abundance and antioxidant enzyme activities under WW as well as during initial stages of WS (15 days). However, with increasing drought imposition (30 days), A plants showed down regulation of antioxidant systems compared to their respective E plants. These results clearly demonstrated that future increased atmospheric CO2 enhances the photosynthetic potential and also mitigate the drought-induced oxidative stress in SRC mulberry. In conclusion, mulberry is a potential bio-energy tree crop which is best suitable for short rotation coppice forestry-based mitigation of increased [CO2] levels even under intermittent drought conditions, projected to prevail in the fast-changing global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalva Madhana Sekhar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Kanubothula Sitarami Reddy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Attipalli Ramachandra Reddy
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Kang W, Minor ES, Lee D, Park CR. Predicting impacts of climate change on habitat connectivity of Kalopanax septemlobus in South Korea. Acta Oecologica 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Orsenigo S, Abeli T, Rossi G, Bonasoni P, Pasquaretta C, Gandini M, Mondoni A. Effects of Autumn and Spring Heat Waves on Seed Germination of High Mountain Plants. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133626. [PMID: 26197387 PMCID: PMC4509759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpine plants are considered to be particularly vulnerable to climate change and related extreme episodes, such as heat waves. Despite growing interest in the impact of heat waves on alpine plants, knowledge about their effects on regeneration is still fragmentary. Recruitment from seeds will be crucial for the successful migration and survival of these species and will play a key role in their future adaptation to climate change. In this study, we assessed the impacts of heat waves on the seed germination of 53 high mountain plants from the Northern Apennines (Italy). The seeds were exposed to laboratory simulations of three seasonal temperature treatments, derived from real data recorded at a meteorological station near the species growing site, which included two heat wave episodes that occurred both in spring 2003 and in autumn 2011. Moreover, to consider the effect of increasing drought conditions related to heat waves, seed germination was also investigated under four different water potentials. In the absence of heat waves, seed germination mainly occurred in spring, after seeds had experienced autumn and winter seasons. However, heat waves resulted in a significant increase of spring germination in c. 30% of the species and elicited autumn germination in 50%. When heat waves were coupled with drought, seed germination decreased in all species, but did not stop completely. Our results suggest that in the future, heat waves will affect the germination phenology of alpine plants, especially conditionally dormant and strictly cold-adapted chorotypes, by shifting the emergence time from spring to autumn and by increasing the proportion of emerged seedlings. The detrimental effects of heat waves on recruitment success is less likely to be due to the inhibition of seed germination per se, but rather due to seedling survival in seasons, and temperature and water conditions that they are not used to experiencing. Changes in the proportion and timing of emergence suggest that there may be major implications for future plant population size and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Orsenigo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Thomas Abeli
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Graziano Rossi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonasoni
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Mondoni
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Xu M. The optimal atmospheric CO2 concentration for the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). J Plant Physiol 2015; 184:89-97. [PMID: 26253981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the optimal atmospheric CO2 concentration of the CO2 fertilization effect on the growth of winter wheat with growth chambers where the CO2 concentration was controlled at 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 ppm respectively. I found that initial increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration dramatically enhanced winter wheat growth through the CO2 fertilization effect. However, this CO2 fertilization effect was substantially compromised with further increase in CO2 concentration, demonstrating an optimal CO2 concentration of 889.6, 909.4, and 894.2 ppm for aboveground, belowground, and total biomass, respectively, and 967.8 ppm for leaf photosynthesis. Also, high CO2 concentrations exceeding the optima not only reduced leaf stomatal density, length and conductance, but also changed the spatial distribution pattern of stomata on leaves. In addition, high CO2 concentration also decreased the maximum carboxylation rate (Vc(max)) and the maximum electron transport rate (J(max)) of leaf photosynthesis. However, the high CO2 concentration had little effect on leaf length and plant height. The optimal CO2 fertilization effect found in this study can be used as an indicator in selecting and breeding new wheat strains in adapting to future high atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xu
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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Zinta G, AbdElgawad H, Domagalska MA, Vergauwen L, Knapen D, Nijs I, Janssens IA, Beemster GTS, Asard H. Physiological, biochemical, and genome-wide transcriptional analysis reveals that elevated CO2 mitigates the impact of combined heat wave and drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana at multiple organizational levels. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:3670-85. [PMID: 24802996 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate changes increasingly threaten plant growth and productivity. Such changes are complex and involve multiple environmental factors, including rising CO2 levels and climate extreme events. As the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying plant responses to realistic future climate extreme conditions are still poorly understood, a multiple organizational level analysis (i.e. eco-physiological, biochemical, and transcriptional) was performed, using Arabidopsis exposed to incremental heat wave and water deficit under ambient and elevated CO2 . The climate extreme resulted in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, and considerable increases in stress parameters. Photosynthesis was a major target as demonstrated at the physiological and transcriptional levels. In contrast, the climate extreme treatment induced a protective effect on oxidative membrane damage, most likely as a result of strongly increased lipophilic antioxidants and membrane-protecting enzymes. Elevated CO2 significantly mitigated the negative impact of a combined heat and drought, as apparent in biomass reduction, photosynthesis inhibition, chlorophyll fluorescence decline, H2 O2 production, and protein oxidation. Analysis of enzymatic and molecular antioxidants revealed that the stress-mitigating CO2 effect operates through up-regulation of antioxidant defense metabolism, as well as by reduced photorespiration resulting in lowered oxidative pressure. Therefore, exposure to future climate extreme episodes will negatively impact plant growth and production, but elevated CO2 is likely to mitigate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Zinta
- Research Group of Plant and Vegetation Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerp, Wilrijk, B-2610, Belgium; Laboratory for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerp, B-2020, Belgium
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Kumar S, Chaitanya BSK, Ghatty S, Reddy AR. Growth, reproductive phenology and yield responses of a potential biofuel plant, Jatropha curcas grown under projected 2050 levels of elevated CO2. Physiol Plant 2014; 152:501-19. [PMID: 24655305 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a non-edible oil producing plant which is being advocated as an alternative biofuel energy resource. Its ability to grow in diverse soil conditions and minimal requirements of essential agronomical inputs compared with other oilseed crops makes it viable for cost-effective advanced biofuel production. We designed a study to investigate the effects of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([CO(2)]) (550 ppm) on the growth, reproductive development, source-sink relationships, fruit and seed yield of J. curcas. We report, for the first time that elevated CO(2) significantly influences reproductive characteristics of Jatropha and improve its fruit and seed yields. Net photosynthetic rate of Jatropha was 50% higher in plants grown in elevated CO(2) compared with field and ambient CO(2) -grown plants. The study also revealed that elevated CO(2) atmosphere significantly increased female to male flower ratio, above ground biomass and carbon sequestration potential in Jatropha (24 kg carbon per tree) after 1 year. Our data demonstrate that J. curcas was able to sustain enhanced rate of photosynthesis in elevated CO(2) conditions as it had sufficient sink strength to balance the increased biomass yields. Our study also elucidates that the economically important traits including fruit and seed yield in elevated CO(2) conditions were significantly high in J. curcas that holds great promise as a potential biofuel tree species for the future high CO(2) world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India
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Arias R, Rodríguez-blanco M, Taboada-castro M, Nunes J, Keizer J, Taboada-castro M. Water Resources Response to Changes in Temperature, Rainfall and CO2 Concentration: A First Approach in NW Spain. Water 2014; 6:3049-67. [DOI: 10.3390/w6103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Suseela V, Triebwasser-Freese D, Linscheid N, Morgan JA, Tharayil N. Litters of photosynthetically divergent grasses exhibit differential metabolic responses to warming and elevated CO2. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Meng F, Zhang J, Yao F, Hao C. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration and irrigation on photosynthetic parameters and yield of maize in Northeast China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98318. [PMID: 24848097 PMCID: PMC4029897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize is one of the major cultivated crops of China, having a central role in ensuring the food security of the country. There has been a significant increase in studies of maize under interactive effects of elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and other factors, yet the interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and increasing precipitation on maize has remained unclear. In this study, a manipulative experiment in Jinzhou, Liaoning province, Northeast China was performed so as to obtain reliable results concerning the later effects. The Open Top Chambers (OTCs) experiment was designed to control contrasting [CO2] i.e., 390, 450 and 550 µmol·mol(-1), and the experiment with 15% increasing precipitation levels was also set based on the average monthly precipitation of 5-9 month from 1981 to 2010 and controlled by irrigation. Thus, six treatments, i.e. C550W+15%, C550W0, C450W+15%, C450W0, C390W+15% and C390W0 were included in this study. The results showed that the irrigation under elevated [CO2] levels increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of maize. Similarly, the stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased with elevated [CO2], but irrigation have a positive effect on increased of them at each [CO2] level, resulting in the water use efficiency (WUE) higher in natural precipitation treatment than irrigation treatment at elevated [CO2] levels. Irradiance-response parameters, e.g., maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pnmax) and light saturation points (LSP) were increased under elevated [CO2] and irrigation, and dark respiration (Rd) was increased as well. The growth characteristics, e.g., plant height, leaf area and aboveground biomass were enhanced, resulting in an improved of yield and ear characteristics except axle diameter. The study concluded by reporting that, future elevated [CO2] may favor to maize when coupled with increasing amount of precipitation in Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanchao Meng
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Agro-Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Agro-Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Hao
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Agro-Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
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Song Y, Yu J, Huang B. Elevated CO2-mitigation of high temperature stress associated with maintenance of positive carbon balance and carbohydrate accumulation in Kentucky bluegrass. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89725. [PMID: 24662768 PMCID: PMC3963838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO2 concentration may promote plant growth while high temperature is inhibitory for C3 plant species. The interactive effects of elevated CO2 and high temperatures on C3 perennial grass growth and carbon metabolism are not well documented. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) plants were exposed to two CO2 levels (400 and 800 μmol mol-1) and five temperatures (15/12, 20/17, 25/22, 30/27, 35/32°C, day/night) in growth chambers. Increasing temperatures to 25°C and above inhibited leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) and shoot and root growth, but increased leaf respiration rate (R), leading to a negative carbon balance and a decline in soluble sugar content under ambient CO2. Elevated CO2 did not cause shift of optimal temperatures in Kentucky bluegrass, but promoted Pn, shoot and root growth under all levels of temperature (15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C) and mitigated the adverse effects of severe high temperatures (30 and 35°C). Elevated CO2-mitigation of adverse effects of high temperatures on Kentucky bluegrass growth could be associated with the maintenance of a positive carbon balance and the accumulation of soluble sugars and total nonstructural carbohydrates through stimulation of Pn and suppression of R and respiratory organic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Song
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Jingjin Yu
- College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingru Huang
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Wang D, Heckathorn SA, Hamilton EW, Frantz J. Effects of CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to heat stress can be affected by photosynthetic pathway and nitrogen. Am J Bot 2014; 101:34-44. [PMID: 24355208 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1300267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Determining effects of elevated CO2 and N on photosynthetic thermotolerance is critical for predicting plant responses to global warming. METHODS We grew Hordeum vulgare (barley, C3) and Zea mays (corn, C4) at current or elevated CO2 (370, 700 ppm) and limiting or optimal soil N (0.5, 7.5 mmol/L). We assessed thermotolerance of net photosynthesis (Pn), photosystem II efficiency in the light (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching (qp), carboxylation efficiency (CE), and content of rubisco activase and major heat-shock proteins (HSPs). KEY RESULTS For barley, elevated CO2 had no effect on Pn, qp, and CE at both high and low N and only a positive effect on Fv'/Fm' at high N. However, for corn, Pn, Fv'/Fm', qp, and CE were decreased substantially by elevated CO2 under high and low N, with greater decreases at high N for all but qp. The negative effects of high CO2 during heat stress on photosynthesis were correlated with rubisco activase and HSPs content, which decreased with heat stress, especially for low-N corn. CONCLUSION These results indicate that stimulatory effects of elevated CO2 at normal temperatures on photosynthesis and growth (only found for high-N barley) may be partly offset by neutral or negative effects during heat stress, especially for C4 species. Thus, CO2 and N effects on photosynthetic thermotolerance may contribute to changes in plant productivity, distribution, and diversity in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- International Center for Ecology, Meteorology and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Ameye M, Wertin TM, Bauweraerts I, McGuire MA, Teskey RO, Steppe K. The effect of induced heat waves on Pinus taeda and Quercus rubra seedlings in ambient and elevated CO2 atmospheres. New Phytol 2012; 196:448-461. [PMID: 22897414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effect of different heat-wave intensities applied at two atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]) on seedlings of two tree species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra). Seedlings were assigned to treatment combinations of two levels of [CO2] (380 or 700 μmol mol(-1)) and four levels of air temperature (ambient, ambient +3°C, or 7-d heat waves consisting of a biweekly +6°C heat wave, or a monthly +12°C heat wave). Treatments were maintained throughout the growing season, thus receiving equal heat sums. We measured gas exchange and fluorescence parameters before, during and after a mid-summer heat wave. The +12°C heat wave, significantly reduced net photosynthesis (Anet) in both species and [CO2] treatments but this effect was diminished in elevated [CO2]. The decrease in Anet was accompanied by a decrease in Fv'/Fm' in P. taeda and ΦPSII in Q. rubra. Our findings suggest that, if soil moisture is adequate, trees will experience negative effects in photosynthetic performance only with the occurrence of extreme heat waves. As elevated [CO2] diminished these negative effects, the future climate may not be as detrimental to plant communities as previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Ameye
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timothy M Wertin
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Ingvar Bauweraerts
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mary Anne McGuire
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Robert O Teskey
- Daniel B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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Abstract
In celebration of JIPB's 60(th) anniversary, this paper summarizes and reviews the development process of the journal. To start, we offer our heartfelt thanks to JIPB's pioneer Editors-in-Chief who helped get the journal off the ground and make it successful. Academic achievement is the soul of academic journals, and this paper summarizes JIPB's course of academic development by analyzing it in four stages: the first two stages are mostly qualitative analyses, and the latter two stages are dedicated to quantitative analyses. Most-cited papers were statistically analyzed. Improvements in editing, publication, distribution and online accessibility--which are detailed in this paper--contribute to JIPB's sustainable development. In addition, JIPB's evaluation index and awards are provided with accompanying pictures. At the end of the paper, JIPB's milestones are listed chronologically. We believe that JIPB's development, from a national journal to an international one, parallels the development of the Chinese plant sciences.
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Greer DH, Weedon MM. Modelling photosynthetic responses to temperature of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) leaves on vines grown in a hot climate. Plant Cell Environ 2012; 35:1050-64. [PMID: 22150771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Field measurements of photosynthesis of Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon leaves in relation to a hot climate, and responses to photon flux densities (PFDs) and internal CO(2) concentrations (c(i) ) at leaf temperatures from 20 to 40 °C were undertaken. Average rates of photosynthesis measured in situ decreased with increasing temperature and were 60% inhibited at 45 °C compared with 25 °C. This reduction in photosynthesis was attributed to 15-30% stomatal closure. Light response curves at different temperatures revealed light-saturated photosynthesis optimal at 30 °C but also PFDs saturating photosynthesis increased from 550 to 1200 µmol (photons) m(-2)s(-1) as temperatures increased. Photosynthesis under saturating CO(2) concentrations was optimal at 36 °C while maximum rates of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation (V(cmax)) and potential maximum electron transport rates (J(max)) were also optimal at 39 and 36 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the high temperature-induced reduction in photosynthesis at ambient CO(2) was largely eliminated. The chloroplast CO(2) concentration at the transition from RuBP regeneration to RuBP carboxylation-limited assimilation increased steeply with an increase in leaf temperature. Semillon assimilation in situ was limited by RuBP regeneration below 30 °C and above limited by RuBP carboxylation, suggesting high temperatures are detrimental to carbon fixation in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H Greer
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia.
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Greer DH. Modelling leaf photosynthetic and transpiration temperature-dependent responses in Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon grapevines growing in hot, irrigated vineyard conditions. AoB Plants 2012; 2012:pls009. [PMID: 22567220 PMCID: PMC3345123 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/pls009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Grapevines growing in Australia are often exposed to very high temperatures and the question of how the gas exchange processes adjust to these conditions is not well understood. The aim was to develop a model of photosynthesis and transpiration in relation to temperature to quantify the impact of the growing conditions on vine performance. METHODOLOGY Leaf gas exchange was measured along the grapevine shoots in accordance with their growth and development over several growing seasons. Using a general linear statistical modelling approach, photosynthesis and transpiration were modelled against leaf temperature separated into bands and the model parameters and coefficients applied to independent datasets to validate the model. PRINCIPAL RESULTS Photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance varied along the shoot, with early emerging leaves having the highest rates, but these declined as later emerging leaves increased their gas exchange capacities in accordance with development. The general linear modelling approach applied to these data revealed that photosynthesis at each temperature was additively dependent on stomatal conductance, internal CO(2) concentration and photon flux density. The temperature-dependent coefficients for these parameters applied to other datasets gave a predicted rate of photosynthesis that was linearly related to the measured rates, with a 1 : 1 slope. Temperature-dependent transpiration was multiplicatively related to stomatal conductance and the leaf to air vapour pressure deficit and applying the coefficients also showed a highly linear relationship, with a 1 : 1 slope between measured and modelled rates, when applied to independent datasets. CONCLUSIONS The models developed for the grapevines were relatively simple but accounted for much of the seasonal variation in photosynthesis and transpiration. The goodness of fit in each case demonstrated that explicitly selecting leaf temperature as a model parameter, rather than including temperature intrinsically as is usually done in more complex models, was warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis H. Greer
- National Wine and Grape Industry Centre, School of Agricultural and Wine Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Mishra S, Heckathorn SA, Barua D, Wang D, Joshi P, Hamilton Iii EW, Frantz J. Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and ozone on leaf thermotolerance in field-grown Glycine max. J Integr Plant Biol 2008; 50:1396-405. [PMID: 19017127 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2008.00745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Humans are increasing atmospheric CO2, ground-level ozone (O3), and mean and acute high temperatures. Laboratory studies show that elevated CO2 can increase thermotolerance of photosynthesis in C3 plants. O3-related oxidative stress may offset benefits of elevated CO2 during heat-waves. We determined effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on leaf thermotolerance of field-grown Glycine max (soybean, C3). Photosynthetic electron transport (et) was measured in attached leaves heated in situ and detached leaves heated under ambient CO2 and O3. Heating decreased et, which O3 exacerbated. Elevated CO2 prevented O3-related decreases during heating, but only increased et under ambient O3 in the field. Heating decreased chlorophyll and carotenoids, especially under elevated CO2. Neither CO2 nor O3 affected heat-shock proteins. Heating increased catalase (except in high O3) and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not Mn-SOD; CO2 and O3 decreased catalase but neither SOD. Soluble carbohydrates were unaffected by heating, but increased in elevated CO2. Thus, protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by elevated CO2 occurs in field-grown soybean under ambient O3, as in the lab, and high CO2 limits heat damage under elevated O3, but this protection is likely from decreased photorespiration and stomatal conductance rather than production of heat-stress adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Mishra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
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