1
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Da Costa RT, Solesio ME. Could mammalian inorganic polyphosphate be a crucial signaling molecule in neurological disorders? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:701-702. [PMID: 37843192 PMCID: PMC10664113 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
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2
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Guan J, Jakob U. The Protein Scaffolding Functions of Polyphosphate. J Mol Biol 2024:168504. [PMID: 38423453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), one of the first high-energy compound on earth, defies its extreme compositional and structural simplicity with an astoundingly wide array of biological activities across all domains of life. However, the underlying mechanism of such functional pleiotropy remains largely elusive. In this review, we will summarize recent studies demonstrating that this simple polyanion stabilizes protein folding intermediates and scaffolds select native proteins. These functions allow polyP to act as molecular chaperone that protects cells against protein aggregation, as pro-amyloidogenic factor that accelerates both physiological and disease-associated amyloid formation, and as a modulator of liquid-liquid phase separation processes. These activities help to explain polyP's known roles in bacterial stress responses and pathogenicity, provide the mechanistic foundation for its potential role in human neurodegenerative diseases, and open a new direction regarding its influence on gene expression through condensate formation. We will highlight critical unanswered questions and point out potential directions that will help to further understand the pleiotropic functions of this ancient and ubiquitous biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Guan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ursula Jakob
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biological Chemistry Department, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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3
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Nebesnaya KS, Makhmudov AR, Rustamov KR, Rakhmatullina NSH, Rustamova SI, Mirkhodjaev UZ, Charishnikova OS, Sabirov RZ, Baev AY. Inorganic polyphosphate regulates functions of thymocytes via activation of P2X purinoreceptors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130523. [PMID: 38006987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient polymer, which was proven to be a signalling molecule in the mammalian brain, mediating the communication between astrocytes via activation of P2Y1 purinoreceptors and modulating the activity of neurons. There is very limited information regarding the ability of polyP to transmit the information as an agonist of purinoreceptors in other cells and tissues. Here, we show that application of polyP to the suspension of primary thymocytes increases the concentration of intracellular calcium. PolyP evoked calcium signal was dependent on the presence of P2X inhibitors but not P2Y1 inhibitor. PolyP dependent increase in intracellular calcium concentration caused mild mitochondrial depolarization, which was dependent on inhibitors of purinoreceptors, extracellular calcium and inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium uniporter but wasn't dependent on cyclosporin A. Application of polyP modulated cell volume regulation machinery of thymocytes in calcium dependent manner. Molecular docking experiments revealed that polyP can potentially bind to several types of P2X receptors with binding energy similar to ATP - natural agonist of P2X purinoreceptors. Further molecular dynamics simulations with P2X4 showed that binding of one molecule of polyP dramatically increases permeability of this receptor-channel for water molecules. Thus, in this research we for the first time showed that polyP can interact with P2X receptors in thymocytes and modulate physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila S Nebesnaya
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Albert R Makhmudov
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Khondamir R Rustamov
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Sarvinoz I Rustamova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ulugbek Z Mirkhodjaev
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Oksana S Charishnikova
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ravshan Z Sabirov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Artyom Y Baev
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Centre for Advanced Technologies, Tashkent, Uzbekistan; Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan.
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4
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Huang WC, Mailer RK, Renné T. In-vivo functions and regulation of polyphosphate in the vascular system. Curr Opin Hematol 2023; 30:159-166. [PMID: 37459301 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polyphosphate, an inorganic polymer consisting of linearly linked phosphate subunits, is ubiquitously found in living organisms. Functions and regulation of the polymer have been analyzed in plants, bacteria and yeast; however, the roles of polyphosphate in mammals are still emerging. RECENT FINDINGS In contrast to synthetic polyphosphate that has been extensively utilized in ex-vivo studies, natural polyphosphate is complexed with bivalent cations (mostly Ca 2+ ) and regardless of chain length, forms microparticles that are retained on the surface of procoagulant platelets, platelet-derived microparticles and cancer extracellular vesicles. On cell surfaces, these Ca 2+ /polyphosphate aggregates initiate the factor XII-driven contact system, triggering proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions through the kallikrein kinin system and intrinsic pathway of coagulation, respectively. Polyphosphate inhibitors interfere with thrombosis while sparing hemostasis, replicating the effect of factor XII neutralizing agents. Furthermore, polyphosphate binds to platelet factor 4, which has implications for autoimmune thrombotic diseases, such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) and vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), potentially contributing to their pathogenesis. The metabolism and organ-specific distribution of the polymer remain incompletely defined and is the topic of ongoing research. SUMMARY Polyphosphate acts as a procoagulant and proinflammatory mediator. Neutralizing polyphosphate provides well tolerated thromboprotection, mimicking the effects of factor XII deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chan Huang
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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5
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Chen R, Huang M, Xu P. Polyphosphate as an antithrombotic target and hemostatic agent. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7855-7872. [PMID: 37534776 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (PolyP) is a polymer comprised of linear phosphate units connected by phosphate anhydride bonds. PolyP exists in a diverse range of eukaryotes and prokaryotes with varied chain lengths ranging from six to thousands of phosphate units. Upon activation, human platelets and neutrophils release short-chain PolyP, along with other components, to initiate the coagulation pathway. Long-chain PolyP derived from cellular or bacterial organelles exhibits higher proinflammatory and procoagulant effects compared to short-chain PolyP. Notably, PolyP has been identified as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target since neutralizing plasma PolyP suppresses the thrombotic process without impairing the hemostatic functions. As an inorganic polymer without uniform steric configuration, PolyP is typically targeted by cationic polymers or recombinant polyphosphatases rather than conventional antibodies, small-molecule compounds, or peptides. Additionally, because of its procoagulant property, PolyP has been incorporated in wound-dressing materials to facilitate blood hemostasis. This review summarizes current studies on PolyP as a low-hemorrhagic antithrombotic target and the development of hemostatic materials based on PolyP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Peng Xu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, P. R. China.
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6
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Liu W, Wang J, Comte‐Miserez V, Zhang M, Yu X, Chen Q, Jessen HJ, Mayer A, Wu S, Ye S. Cryo-EM structure of the polyphosphate polymerase VTC reveals coupling of polymer synthesis to membrane transit. EMBO J 2023; 42:e113320. [PMID: 37066886 PMCID: PMC10183816 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The eukaryotic vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex acts as a polyphosphate (polyP) polymerase that synthesizes polyP from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and translocates polyP across the vacuolar membrane to maintain an intracellular phosphate (Pi ) homeostasis. To discover how the VTC complex performs its function, we determined a cryo-electron microscopy structure of an endogenous VTC complex (Vtc4/Vtc3/Vtc1) purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 3.1 Å resolution. The structure reveals a heteropentameric architecture of one Vtc4, one Vtc3, and three Vtc1 subunits. The transmembrane region forms a polyP-selective channel, likely adopting a resting state conformation, in which a latch-like, horizontal helix of Vtc4 limits the entrance. The catalytic Vtc4 central domain is located on top of the pseudo-symmetric polyP channel, creating a strongly electropositive pathway for nascent polyP that can couple synthesis to translocation. The SPX domain of the catalytic Vtc4 subunit positively regulates polyP synthesis by the VTC complex. The noncatalytic Vtc3 regulates VTC through a phosphorylatable loop. Our findings, along with the functional data, allow us to propose a mechanism of polyP channel gating and VTC complex activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life SciencesTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiening Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | | | - Mengyu Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life SciencesTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xuejing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- School of Life SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Henning Jacob Jessen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
- CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling StudiesUniversity of FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Andreas Mayer
- Département d'ImmunobiologieUniversité de LausanneEpalingesSwitzerland
| | - Shan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio‐Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Sheng Ye
- Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life SciencesTianjin UniversityTianjinChina
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
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7
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Roewe J, Walachowski S, Sharma A, Berthiaume KA, Reinhardt C, Bosmann M. Bacterial polyphosphates induce CXCL4 and synergize with complement anaphylatoxin C5a in lung injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980733. [PMID: 36405694 PMCID: PMC9669059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates are linear polymers of inorganic phosphates that exist in all living cells and serve pleiotropic functions. Bacteria produce long-chain polyphosphates, which can interfere with host defense to infection. In contrast, short-chain polyphosphates are released from platelet dense granules and bind to the chemokine CXCL4. Here, we report that long-chain polyphosphates induced the release of CXCL4 from mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages in a dose-/time-dependent fashion resulting from an induction of CXCL4 mRNA. This polyphosphate effect was lost after pre-incubation with recombinant exopolyphosphatase (PPX) Fc fusion protein, demonstrating the potency of long chains over monophosphates and ambient cations. In detail, polyphosphate chains >70 inorganic phosphate residues were required to reliably induce CXCL4. Polyphosphates acted independently of the purinergic P2Y1 receptor and the MyD88/TRIF adaptors of Toll-like receptors. On the other hand, polyphosphates augmented LPS/MyD88-induced CXCL4 release, which was explained by intracellular signaling convergence on PI3K/Akt. Polyphosphates induced Akt phosphorylation at threonine-308. Pharmacologic blockade of PI3K (wortmannin, LY294002) antagonized polyphosphate-induced CXCL4 release from macrophages. Intratracheal polyphosphate administration to C57BL/6J mice caused histologic signs of lung injury, disruption of the endothelial-epithelial barrier, influx of Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear neutrophils, depletion of CD11c+SiglecF+ alveolar macrophages, and release of CXCL4. Long-chain polyphosphates synergized with the complement anaphylatoxin, C5a, which was partly explained by upregulation of C5aR1 on myeloid cells. C5aR1-/- mice were protected from polyphosphate-induced lung injury. C5a generation occurred in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of polyphosphate-treated C57BL/6J mice. In conclusion, we demonstrate that polyphosphates govern immunomodulation in macrophages and promote acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Roewe
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sarah Walachowski
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kayleigh A. Berthiaume
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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8
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Krenzlin V, Roewe J, Strueve M, Martínez-Negro M, Sharma A, Reinhardt C, Morsbach S, Bosmann M. Bacterial-Type Long-Chain Polyphosphates Bind Human Proteins in the Phosphatidylinositol Signaling Pathway. Thromb Haemost 2022; 122:1943-1947. [PMID: 35909349 PMCID: PMC9798540 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1751280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viola Krenzlin
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julian Roewe
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Strueve
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - María Martínez-Negro
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Arjun Sharma
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Morsbach
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymers, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Bosmann
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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9
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Beaudry AG, Law ML. Leucine Supplementation in Cancer Cachexia: Mechanisms and a Review of the Pre-Clinical Literature. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142824. [PMID: 35889781 PMCID: PMC9323748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complex syndrome of bodily wasting and progressive functional decline. Unlike starvation, cachexia cannot be reversed by increased energy intake alone. Nonetheless, targeted nutritional support is a necessary component in multimodal syndrome management. Due to the highly catabolic nature of cancer cachexia, amino acid supplementation has been proposed. Interestingly, leucine has been found to increase protein synthesis and decrease protein degradation via mTORC1 pathway activation. Multiple pre-clinical studies have explored the impact of leucine supplementation in cachectic tumor-bearing hosts. Here, we provide an overview of leucine’s proposed modes of action to preserve lean mass in cachexia and review the current pre-clinical literature related to leucine supplementation during CC. Current research indicates that a leucine-rich diet may attenuate CC symptomology; however, these works are difficult to compare due to methodological differences. There is need for further pre-clinical work exploring leucine’s potential ability to modulate protein turnover and immune response during CC, as well as the impact of additive leucine on tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Beaudry
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Michelle L. Law
- Department of Human Sciences and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA;
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10
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Suess PM. Effects of Polyphosphate on Leukocyte Function. Prog Mol Subcell Biol 2022; 61:131-143. [PMID: 35697939 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-01237-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leukocytes are immune cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells of the bone marrow which play essential roles in inflammatory and immune responses. In contrast to anucleate platelets and erythrocytes, leukocytes are differentiated from other blood cells by the presence of a nucleus, and consist of monocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, and eosinophils. Factors released from platelets mediate immune responses in part by recruitment and regulation of leukocyte activity. Platelet dense granules contain the highly anionic polymer polyphosphate (polyP) with monomer chain lengths of approximately 60-100 phosphates long, which are released into the microenvironment upon platelet activation. Recent studies suggest that polyP released from platelets plays roles in leukocyte migration, recruitment, accumulation, differentiation, and activation. Furthermore, bacterial-derived polyphosphate, generally consisting of phosphate monomer lengths in the hundreds to thousands, appear to play a role in pathogenic evasion of the host immune response. This review will discuss the effects of host and pathogenic-derived polyphosphate on leukocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Suess
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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11
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Mailer RK, Rangaswamy C, Konrath S, Emsley J, Renné T. An update on factor XII-driven vascular inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1869:119166. [PMID: 34699874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The plasma protein factor XII (FXII) is the liver-derived zymogen of the serine protease FXIIa that initiates an array of proteolytic cascades. Zymogen activation, enzymatic FXIIa activity and functions are regulated by interactions with cell receptors, negatively charged surfaces, other serine proteases, and serpin inhibitors, which bind to distinct protein domains and regions in FXII(a). FXII exerts mitogenic activity, while FXIIa initiates the pro-inflammatory kallikrein-kinin pathway and the pro-thrombotic intrinsic coagulation pathway, respectively. Growing evidence indicates that FXIIa-mediated thrombo-inflammation plays a crucial role in various pathological states besides classical thrombosis, such as endothelial dysfunction. Consistently, increased FXIIa levels are associated with hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. In contrast, FXII deficiency protects from thrombosis but is otherwise not associated with prolonged bleeding or other adverse clinical manifestations. Here, we review current concepts for FXII(a)-driven vascular inflammation focusing on endothelial hyperpermeability, receptor signaling, atherosclerosis and immune cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner K Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chandini Rangaswamy
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Konrath
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Emsley
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Asgharzadeh F, Barneh F, Fakhraie M, Adel Barkhordar SL, Shabani M, Soleimani A, Rahmani F, Ariakia F, Mehraban S, Avan A, Hashemzehi M, Arjmand MH, Behnam-Rassouli R, Jaberi N, Sayyed-Hosseinian SH, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Jafari M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Metformin inhibits polyphosphate-induced hyper-permeability and inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:107937. [PMID: 34271418 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Circulating inflammatory factor inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) released from activated platelets could enhance factor XII and bradykinin resulted in increased capillary leakage and vascular permeability. PolyP induce inflammatory responses through mTOR pathway in endothelial cells, which is being reported in several diseases including atherosclerosis, thrombosis, sepsis, and cancer. Systems and molecular biology approaches were used to explore the regulatory role of the AMPK activator, metformin, on polyP-induced hyper-permeability in different organs in three different models of polyP-induced hyper-permeability including local, systemic short- and systemic long-term approaches in murine models. Our results showed that polyP disrupts endothelial barrier integrity in skin, liver, kidney, brain, heart, and lung in all three study models and metformin abrogates the disruptive effect of polyP. We also showed that activation of AMPK signaling pathway, regulation of oxidant/anti-oxidant balance, as well as decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration constitute a set of molecular mechanisms through which metformin elicits it's protective responses against polyP-induced hyper-permeability. These results support the clinical values of AMPK activators including the FDA-approved metformin in attenuating vascular damage in polyP-associated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Fakhraie
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ariakia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | - Reyhaneh Behnam-Rassouli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Najmeh Jaberi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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13
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Ferrucci V, Kong DY, Asadzadeh F, Marrone L, Boccia A, Siciliano R, Criscuolo G, Anastasio C, Quarantelli F, Comegna M, Pisano I, Passariello M, Iacobucci I, Monica RD, Izzo B, Cerino P, Fusco G, Viscardi M, Brandi S, Pierri BM, Borriello G, Tiberio C, Atripaldi L, Bianchi M, Paolella G, Capoluongo E, Castaldo G, Chiariotti L, Monti M, De Lorenzo C, Yun KS, Pascarella S, Cheong JH, Kim HY, Zollo M. Long-chain polyphosphates impair SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication. Sci Signal 2021; 14:14/690/eabe5040. [PMID: 34230209 PMCID: PMC8432949 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abe5040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain, inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs), which are found in many cells in the blood, have cytoprotective and antiviral activities, particularly against HIV-1 infection. Ferrucci et al. tested the effects of polyPs of various lengths on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro. Molecular docking and binding analyses showed that polyPs bound to the host receptor ACE2, which facilitates viral entry, and a viral RNA polymerase required for replication. Both proteins underwent proteasomal degradation in cells incubated with polyP120, the optimal species tested, resulting in inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication and a reduced inflammatory response. Given that polyPs have low toxicity, these results suggest that their potential therapeutic use should be further explored. Inorganic polyphosphates (polyPs) are linear polymers composed of repeated phosphate (PO43−) units linked together by multiple high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. In addition to being a source of energy, polyPs have cytoprotective and antiviral activities. Here, we investigated the antiviral activities of long-chain polyPs against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In molecular docking analyses, polyPs interacted with several conserved amino acid residues in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the host receptor that facilitates virus entry, and in viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). ELISA and limited proteolysis assays using nano– LC-MS/MS mapped polyP120 binding to ACE2, and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed interactions between ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and identified the specific amino acid residues involved. PolyP120 enhanced the proteasomal degradation of both ACE2 and RdRp, thus impairing replication of the British B.1.1.7 SARS-CoV-2 variant. We thus tested polyPs for functional interactions with the virus in SARS-CoV-2–infected Vero E6 and Caco2 cells and in primary human nasal epithelial cells. Delivery of a nebulized form of polyP120 reduced the amounts of viral positive-sense genomic and subgenomic RNAs, of RNA transcripts encoding proinflammatory cytokines, and of viral structural proteins, thereby presenting SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ferrucci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Dae-Young Kong
- Ginxen Co., Ltd., 2F, Daewoong Building, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Laura Marrone
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Angelo Boccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppina Criscuolo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | | | | | - Marika Comegna
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ida Pisano
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy
| | - Margherita Passariello
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobucci
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University "Federico II", Via Cinthia 4, Naples 80125, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Izzo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Cerino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fusco
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Maurizio Viscardi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Sergio Brandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples 80055, Italy
| | | | - Giorgia Borriello
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Naples 80055, Italy
| | - Claudia Tiberio
- U.O.C. di Patologia Clinica Ospedale D. Cotugno, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedali dei Colli, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luigi Atripaldi
- U.O.C. di Patologia Clinica Ospedale D. Cotugno, Azienda Sanitaria Ospedali dei Colli, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Martina Bianchi
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Giovanni Paolella
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, AOU Azienda Ospedaliera "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Maria Monti
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Department of Chemical Sciences, University "Federico II", Via Cinthia 4, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Claudia De Lorenzo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy.,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Kyong-Seop Yun
- HaimBio Co. Ltd, Industrial Park, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stefano Pascarella
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hong-Yeoul Kim
- Ginxen Co., Ltd., 2F, Daewoong Building, Seocho-gu, Seoul, South Korea. .,HaimBio Co. Ltd, Industrial Park, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Massimo Zollo
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples 80145, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche (DMMBM), "Federico II" University of Naples, Naples 80131, Italy.,DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, AOU Azienda Ospedaliera "Federico II", Naples 80131, Italy
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14
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Rahmani F, Hashemzehi M, Avan A, Barneh F, Asgharzadeh F, Moradi Marjaneh R, Soleimani A, Parizadeh M, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M, Ryzhikov M, Afshari AR, Ahmadian MR, Giovannetti E, Jafari M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Rigosertib elicits potent anti-tumor responses in colorectal cancer by inhibiting Ras signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2021; 85:110069. [PMID: 34214591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic potency of Rigosertib (RGS) in the treatment of the myelodysplastic syndrome has been investigated previously, but little is known about its mechanisms of action. METHODS The present study integrates systems and molecular biology approaches to investigate the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effects of RGS, either alone or in combination with 5-FU in cellular and animal models of colorectal cancer (CRC). RESULTS The effects of RGS were more pronounced in dedifferentiated CRC cell types, compared to cell types that were epithelial-like. RGS inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in a cell-type specific manner, and that was dependent on the presence of mutations in KRAS, or its down-stream effectors. RGS increased both early and late apoptosis, by regulating the expression of p53, BAX and MDM2 in tumor model. We also found that RGS induced cell senescence in tumor tissues by increasing ROS generation, and impairing oxidant/anti-oxidant balance. RGS also inhibited angiogenesis and metastatic behavior of CRC cells, by regulating the expression of CD31, E-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinases-2 and 9. CONCLUSION Our findings support the therapeutic potential of this potent RAS signaling inhibitor either alone or in combination with standard regimens for the management of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amir Reza Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, AIRC Start-up, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Wang X, Gawri R, Lei C, Lee J, Sowa G, Kandel R, Vo N. Inorganic polyphosphates stimulates matrix production in human annulus fibrosus cells. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1143. [PMID: 34337332 PMCID: PMC8313173 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ubiquitously found in all life forms, inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are linear polymers of repeated orthophosphate units. Present in intervertebral disc tissue, polyP was previously shown to increase extracellular matrix production in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. However, the effects of polyP on human annulus fibrosus (hAF) cell metabolism is not known. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, hAF cells cultured in the presence of 0.5 to 1 mM polyP, chain length 22 (polyP-22), showed an increase in glycosaminoglycan content, proteoglycan and collagen synthesis, and aggrecan and collagen type 1 gene expression. Gene expression level of matrix metalloproteinases 1 was reduced while matrix metalloproteinases 3 level was increased in hAF cells treated with 1 mM polyP. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis was also significantly increased in hAF cell culture 72 hours after the exposure to 1 mM polyP-22. CONCLUSIONS PolyP thus has both anabolic and bioenergetic effects in AF cells, similar to that observed in NP cells. Together, these results suggest polyP as a potential energy source and a metabolic regulator of disc cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjiang Wang
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityQingyuanChina
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rahul Gawri
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Changbin Lei
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouChina
- Department of Clinical Medical Research CenterAffiliated Hospital of Xiangnan UniversityChenzhouChina
| | - Joon Lee
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Rita Kandel
- Lunenfeld‐Tanenbaum Research InstituteMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMount Sinai HospitalTorontoCanada
- Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Nam Vo
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of PathologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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16
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Baijal K, Downey M. The promises of lysine polyphosphorylation as a regulatory modification in mammals are tempered by conceptual and technical challenges. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100058. [PMID: 33998006 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) is a ubiquitous biomolecule thought to be present in all cells on Earth. PolyP is deceivingly simple, consisting of repeated units of inorganic phosphates polymerized in long energy-rich chains. PolyP is involved in diverse functions in mammalian systems-from cell signaling to blood clotting. One exciting avenue of research is a new nonenzymatic post-translational modification, termed lysine polyphosphorylation, wherein polyP chains are covalently attached to lysine residues of target proteins. While the modification was first characterized in budding yeast, recent work has now identified the first human targets. There is significant promise in this area of biomedical research, but a number of technical issues and knowledge gaps present challenges to rapid progress. In this review, the current state of the field is summarized and existing roadblocks related to the study of lysine polyphosphorylation in higher eukaryotes are introduced. It is discussed how limited methods to identify targets of polyphosphorylation are further impacted by low concentration, unknown regulatory enzymes, and sequestration of polyP into compartments in mammalian systems. Furthermore, suggestions on how these obstacles could be addressed or what their physiological relevance may be within mammalian cells are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchi Baijal
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Hashemzehi M, Yavari N, Rahmani F, Asgharzadeh F, Soleimani A, Shakour N, Avan A, Hadizadeh F, Fakhraie M, Marjaneh RM, Ferns GA, Reisi P, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta by Tranilast reduces tumor growth and ameliorates fibrosis in colorectal cancer. EXCLI J 2021; 20:601-613. [PMID: 33883985 PMCID: PMC8056055 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) is dysregulated in colorectal cancer and there is growing evidence that it is associated with a poor prognosis and chemo-resistance in several malignances, including CRC. In this study we have explored the therapeutic potential of targeting TGF-β using Tranilast in colon cancer. The anti-proliferative activity of Tranilast was evaluated in 2- and 3-dimensional cells. We used a xenograft model of colon cancer to investigate the activity of Tranilast alone or in combination with 5-FU on tumor growth using histological staining and biochemical studies, as well as gene expression analyses using RT-PCR and Western blotting. Tranilast alone or in combination with 5-FU inhibited tumor growth and was associated with a reduction of TGF-β expression and CD31 positive endothelial cells. Histological evaluation showed that Tranilast increased tumor necrosis and reduced tumor density and angiogenesis. Tranilast increased MDA and ROS production. It was also found that Tranilast reduced total thiol concentration and reduced SOD and catalase activity. Tranilast plus 5-FU was also found to attenuate collagen deposition, reducing tumor fibrosis in tumor xenografts. Our results show that Tranilast, a TGF inhibitor, in combination with 5-FU reduces tumor growth by inhibiting fibrosis and inducting ROS, thus supporting this therapeutic approach in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hashemzehi
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Negar Yavari
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Fakhraie
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Parham Reisi
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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18
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Hashemzehi M, Rahmani F, Khoshakhlagh M, Avan A, Asgharzadeh F, Barneh F, Moradi-Marjaneh R, Soleimani A, Fiuji H, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Jafari M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Angiotensin receptor blocker Losartan inhibits tumor growth of colorectal cancer. EXCLI J 2021; 20:506-521. [PMID: 33883980 PMCID: PMC8056058 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is up-regulated in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and is reported to be associated with poor prognosis and chemo-resistance. Here we explored the therapeutic potential of targeting RAS in CRC using Losartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker. An integrative-systems biology approach was used to explore a proteome-level dataset of a gene signature that is modulated by Losartan. The anti-proliferative activity of Losartan was evaluated using 2- and 3-dimensional cell culture models. A xenograft model of colon cancer was used to investigate tumor growth with Losartan alone and in combination with 5-FU followed by histological staining (Hematoxylin & Eosin and Masson trichrome staining), biochemical analyses, gene expression analyses by RT-PCR, western blot/IHC, or MMP Gelatin Zymography studies. Effects on cell cycle and cell death were assessed by flow cytometry. Losartan inhibited cell growth and suppressed cell cycle progression, causing an increase in CRC cells in the G1 phase. Losartan significantly reduced tumor growth and enhanced tumor cell necrosis. An impact on the inflammatory response, including up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in CRC cells are potential mechanisms that could partially explain Losartan's anti-proliferative effects. Moreover, metastasis and angiogenesis were reduced in Losartan-treated mice as observed by inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities and decreased tumor vasculature. These data demonstrate the therapeutic potential of combining chemotherapeutic regimens with Losartan to synergistically enhance its activity and target the renin-angiotensin system as a new approach in colorectal cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Hashemzehi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.,Tropical and Communicable Diseases Research Centre, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Khoshakhlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farnaz Barneh
- Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Current address: Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584, CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi-Marjaneh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Fiuji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | | | - Mohieddin Jafari
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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19
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Borden EA, Furey M, Gattone NJ, Hambardikar VD, Liang XH, Scoma ER, Abou Samra A, D-Gary LR, Dennis DJ, Fricker D, Garcia C, Jiang Z, Khan SA, Kumarasamy D, Kuppala H, Ringrose S, Rosenheim EJ, Van Exel K, Vudhayagiri HS, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Guitart-Mampel M, Urquiza P, Solesio ME. Is there a link between inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), mitochondria, and neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105211. [PMID: 33010423 PMCID: PMC7855267 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction - including increased apoptosis, calcium and protein dyshomeostasis within the organelle, and dysfunctional bioenergetics and oxidative status - is a common, early feature in all the major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the exact molecular mechanisms that drive the organelle to dysfunction and ultimately to failure in these conditions are still not well described. Different authors have shown that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), an ancient and well-conserved molecule, plays a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology under basal conditions. PolyP, which is present in all studied organisms, is composed of chains of orthophosphates linked together by highly energetic phosphoanhydride bonds, similar to those found in ATP. This polymer shows a ubiquitous distribution, even if a high co-localization with mitochondria has been reported. It has been proposed that polyP might be an alternative to ATP for cellular energy storage in different organisms, as well as the implication of polyP in the regulation of many of the mitochondrial processes affected in AD and PD, including protein and calcium homeostasis. Here, we conduct a comprehensive review and discussion of the bibliography available regarding the role of polyP in the mitochondrial dysfunction present in AD and PD. Taking into account the data presented in this review, we postulate that polyP could be a valid, innovative and, plausible pharmacological target against mitochondrial dysfunction in AD and PD. However, further research should be conducted to better understand the exact role of polyP in neurodegeneration, as well as the metabolism of the polymer, and the effect of different lengths of polyP on cellular and mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Borden
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Furey
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gattone
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiao Hua Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Ernest R Scoma
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Antonella Abou Samra
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - LaKeshia R D-Gary
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Dayshaun J Dennis
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Fricker
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy Garcia
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - ZeCheng Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Shariq A Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Hasmitha Kuppala
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Savannah Ringrose
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Evan J Rosenheim
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Kimberly Van Exel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jiarui Zhang
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Zhaowen Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Pedro Urquiza
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Maria E Solesio
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
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Neilands J, Kinnby B. Porphyromonas gingivalis initiates coagulation and secretes polyphosphates - A mechanism for sustaining chronic inflammation? Microb Pathog 2020; 162:104648. [PMID: 33242642 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is a chronic inflammation resulting in destruction of tooth-supporting bone. Chronic inflammation is characterized by extravascular fibrin deposition. Fibrin is central to destruction of bone; monocytes bind to fibrin and form osteoclasts, thus providing a link between coagulation and the tissue destructive processes in periodontitis. The oral microbiome is essential to oral health. However, local ecological changes, such as increased biofilm formation, result in a dysbiotic microbiome characterized by an increase of protease-producing species e.g. Porphyromonas gingivalis. Proteases initiate inflammation and may cleave coagulation factors. Polyphosphates (polyP) may also provide bacteria with procoagulant properties similar to platelet-released polyP. P. gingivalis has also been found in remote locations related to vascular pathology and Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate procoagulant activity of ten different species of oral bacteria present in oral health and disease as well as presence of polyP and fibrin formation in planktonic and biofilm bacteria. METHODS Oral bacteria were studied for protease production and procoagulant activity. The presence of polyP and formation of fibrin was observed using confocal microscopy. RESULTS P. gingivalis showed strong protease activity and was the only species exerting procoagulant activity. Confocal microscopy showed polyP intracellularly in planktonic bacteria and extracellularly after biofilm formation. Fibrin formation emanated from planktonic bacteria and from both bacteria and polyP in biofilm cultures. CONCLUSIONS The procoagulant activity of P. gingivalis could explain its role in chronic inflammation, locally in oral tissues as well as in remote locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Neilands
- Dept of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bertil Kinnby
- Dept of Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Suess PM, Smith SA, Morrissey JH. Platelet polyphosphate induces fibroblast chemotaxis and myofibroblast differentiation. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:3043-3052. [PMID: 32808449 PMCID: PMC7719587 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets secrete many pro-wound healing molecules such as growth factors and cytokines. We found that releasates from activated human platelets induced the differentiation of cultured murine and human fibroblasts into a myofibroblast phenotype. Surprisingly, most of this differentiation-inducing activity was heat-stable, suggesting it was not due to the protein component of the releasates. Inorganic polyphosphate is a major constituent of platelet-dense granules and promotes blood coagulation and inflammation. OBJECTIVES We aim to investigate the contribution of polyphosphate on myofibroblast differentiating activity of platelet releasates. METHODS Using NIH-3T3 cells and primary human fibroblasts, we examined the effect of human platelet releasates and chemically synthesized polyphosphate on fibroblast differentiation and migration. RESULTS We found that the myofibroblast-inducing activity of platelet releasates was severely attenuated after incubation with a polyphosphate-degrading enzyme, and that fibroblasts responded to platelet-sized polyphosphate by increased levels of α-smooth muscle actin, stress fibers, and collagen. Furthermore, fibroblasts were chemotactic toward polyphosphate. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that platelet-derived polyphosphate acts as a cell signaling molecule by inducing murine and human fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts, a cell type known to drive both wound healing and fibrosing diseases. Polyphosphate therefore not only promotes early wound responses through enhancing fibrin clot formation, but also may play roles in the later stages of wound healing, and, potentially, progression of fibrotic diseases, by recruiting fibroblasts and inducing their differentiation into myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Suess
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stephanie A. Smith
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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Bondy-Chorney E, Abramchuk I, Nasser R, Holinier C, Denoncourt A, Baijal K, McCarthy L, Khacho M, Lavallée-Adam M, Downey M. A Broad Response to Intracellular Long-Chain Polyphosphate in Human Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108318. [PMID: 33113373 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphates (polyPs) are long chains of inorganic phosphates linked by phosphoanhydride bonds. They are found in all kingdoms of life, playing roles in cell growth, infection, and blood coagulation. Unlike in bacteria and lower eukaryotes, the mammalian enzymes responsible for polyP metabolism are largely unexplored. We use RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry to define a broad impact of polyP produced inside of mammalian cells via ectopic expression of the E. coli polyP synthetase PPK. We find that multiple cellular compartments can support accumulation of polyP to high levels. Overproduction of polyP is associated with reprogramming of both the transcriptome and proteome, including activation of the ERK1/2-EGR1 signaling axis. Finally, fractionation analysis shows that polyP accumulation results in relocalization of nuclear/cytoskeleton proteins, including targets of non-enzymatic lysine polyphosphorylation. Our work demonstrates that internally produced polyP can activate diverse signaling pathways in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bondy-Chorney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Iryna Abramchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rawan Nasser
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Charlotte Holinier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Alix Denoncourt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kanchi Baijal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Liam McCarthy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mireille Khacho
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lavallée-Adam
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Michael Downey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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An J, Cho J. Potential immune-modulatory effects of wheat phytase on the performance of a mouse macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, exposed to long-chain inorganic polyphosphate. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:463-470. [PMID: 32777888 PMCID: PMC7961190 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This experiment was conducted to find out the immunological effects of wheat phytase when long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) treated with wheat phytase was added to a macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, when compared to intact long-chain polyP. Methods Nitric oxide (NO) production of Raw 264.7 cells exposed to P700, a long-chain polyP with an average of 1,150 phosphate residues, treated with or without wheat phytase, was measured by Griess method. Phagocytosis assay of P700 treated with or without phytase in Raw 264.7 cells was investigated using neutral red uptake. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by Raw 264.7 cells with wheat phytase-treated P700 compared to intact P700 was observed by using Mouse TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased NO production of Raw 264.7 cells by 172% when compared with intact P700 at 12 h exposure. At 5 mM of P700 concentration, wheat phytase promoted NO production of macrophages most strongly. P700, treated with wheat phytase, stimulated phagocytosis in macrophages at 12 h exposure by about 1.7-fold compared to intact P700. In addition, P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased in vitro phagocytic activity of Raw 264.7 cells at a concentration above 5 mM when compared to intact P700. P700 dephosphorylated by wheat phytase increased the release of TNF-α from Raw 264.7 cells by 143% over that from intact P700 after 6 h exposure. At the concentration of 50 μM P700, wheat phytase increased the secretion of cytokine, TNF-α, by 124% over that from intact P700. Conclusion In animal husbandry, wheat phytase can mitigate the long-chain polyP causing damage by improving the immune capabilities of macrophages in the host. Thus, wheat phytase has potential as an immunological modulator and future feed additive for regulating immune responses caused by inflammation induced by long-chain polyP from bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin An
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jaiesoon Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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24
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Rahmani F, Asgharzadeh F, Avan A, Barneh F, Parizadeh MR, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Ahmadian MR, Giovannetti E, Jafari M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Rigosertib potently protects against colitis-associated intestinal fibrosis and inflammation by regulating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB signaling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 249:117470. [PMID: 32135184 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
Injury typically results in the development of neuropathic pain, but the pain normally decreases and disappears in paralleled with wound healing. The pain results from cells resident at, and recruited to, the injury site releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators leading to the development of pro-inflammatory environment and causing nociceptive neurons to develop chronic ectopic electrical activity, which underlies neuropathic pain. The pain decreases as some of the cells that induce pro-inflammation, changing their phenotype leading to the blocking the release of pro-inflammatory mediators while releasing anti-inflammatory mediators, and blocking nociceptive neuron chronic spontaneous electrical activity. Often, despite apparent wound healing, the neuropathic pain becomes chronic. This raises the question of how chronic pain can be eliminated. While many of the cells and mediators contributing to the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain are known, a better understanding is required of how the injury site environment can be controlled to permanently eliminate the pro-inflammatory environment and silence the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. This paper examines how methods that can promote the transition of the pro-inflammatory injury site to an anti-inflammatory state, by changing the composition of local cell types, modifying the activity of pro- and anti-inflammatory receptors, inducing the release of anti-inflammatory mediators, and silencing the chronically electrically active nociceptive neurons. It also examines the hypothesis that factors released from platelet-rich plasma applied to chronic pain sites can permanently eliminate chronic inflammation and its associated chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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26
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Abstract
Injuries typically result in the development of neuropathic pain, which decreases in parallel with wound healing. However, the pain may remain after the injury appears to have healed, which is generally associated with an ongoing underlying pro-inflammatory state. Injury induces many cells to release factors that contribute to the development of a pro-inflammatory state, which is considered an essential first step towards wound healing. However, pain elimination requires a transition of the injury site from pro- to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, developing techniques that eliminate chronic pain require an understanding of the cells resident at and recruited to injury sites, the factors they release, that promote a pro-inflammatory state, and promote the subsequent transition of that site to be anti-inflammatory. Although a relatively large number of cells, factors, and gene expression changes are involved in these processes, it may be possible to control a relatively small number of them leading to the reduction and elimination of chronic neuropathic pain. This first of two papers examines the roles of the most salient cells and mediators associated with the development and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain. The following paper examines the cells and mediators involved in reducing and eliminating chronic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien P Kuffler
- Institute of Neurobiology, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, 201 Blvd. del Valle, San Juan, PR, 00901, USA.
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Abstract
Amyloid plaques are one of the two hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). They consist mainly of fibrils made of self-assembled amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Aβ is produced in healthy brains from proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein. Aβ aggregates, in particular smaller, soluble aggregates, are toxic to cells. Hence, modulating the self-assembly of Aβ became a very active field of research, with the aim to reduce the amount of the toxic aggregates of Aβ or to block their toxic action. A great variety of molecules, chemical and biological, are able to modify the aggregation of Aβ. Here we give an overview of the different mechanistic ways to modulate Aβ aggregation and on which step in the self-assembly molecules can interfere. We discuss the aggregation modulators according to different important parameters, including the type of interaction (weak interaction, coordination or covalent bonds), the importance of kinetics and thermodynamics, the size of the modulating molecules, and binding specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayala
- LCC, CNRS & University of Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre Genevaux
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Génétique Moléculaires, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christelle Hureau
- LCC, CNRS & University of Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Faller
- LCC, CNRS & University of Toulouse (UPS, INPT), 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse, France
- Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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28
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Javid H, Mohammadi F, Zahiri E, Hashemy SI. The emerging role of substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor signaling pathways in growth and development of tumor cells. J Physiol Biochem 2019; 75:415-421. [PMID: 31372898 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-019-00697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tachykinins (TKs) include an evolutionarily conserved group of small bio-active peptides which possess a common carboxyl-terminal sequence, Phe-X-Gly-Leu-Met-NH2. TKs also have been shown to have implications in different steps of carcinogenesis, such as angiogenesis, mitogenesis, metastasis, and other growth-related events. The biological actions of substance P (SP), as the most important member of the TK family, are mainly mediated through a G protein-coupled receptor named neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). More recently, it has become clear that SP/NK1R system is involved in the initiation and activation of signaling pathways involved in cancer development and progression. Therefore, SP may contribute to triggering a variety of effector mechanisms including protein synthesis and a number of transcription factors that modulate the expression of genes involved in these processes. The overwhelming insights into the blockage of NK1R using specific antagonists could suggest a therapeutic approach in cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on evidence supporting an association between the signaling pathways of the SP/NK1R system and cancer cell proliferation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Javid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Zahiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Isaac Hashemy
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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29
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Zilberman-Rudenko J, Reitsma SE, Puy C, Rigg RA, Smith SA, Tucker EI, Silasi R, Merkulova A, McCrae KR, Maas C, Urbanus RT, Gailani D, Morrissey JH, Gruber A, Lupu F, Schmaier AH, McCarty OJT. Factor XII Activation Promotes Platelet Consumption in the Presence of Bacterial-Type Long-Chain Polyphosphate In Vitro and In Vivo. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1748-1760. [PMID: 30354195 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Terminal complications of bacterial sepsis include development of disseminated intravascular consumptive coagulopathy. Bacterial constituents, including long-chain polyphosphates (polyP), have been shown to activate the contact pathway of coagulation in plasma. Recent work shows that activation of the contact pathway in flowing whole blood promotes thrombin generation and platelet activation and consumption distal to thrombus formation ex vivo and in vivo. Here, we sought to determine whether presence of long-chain polyP or bacteria in the bloodstream promotes platelet activation and consumption in a coagulation factor (F)XII-dependent manner. Approach and Results- Long-chain polyP promoted platelet P-selectin expression, microaggregate formation, and platelet consumption in flowing whole blood in a contact activation pathway-dependent manner. Moreover, long-chain polyP promoted local fibrin formation on collagen under shear flow in a FXI-dependent manner. Distal to the site of thrombus formation, platelet consumption was dramatically enhanced in the presence of long-chain polyP in the blood flow in a FXI- and FXII-dependent manner. In a murine model, long-chain polyP promoted platelet deposition and fibrin generation in lungs in a FXII-dependent manner. In a nonhuman primate model of bacterial sepsis, pre-treatment of animals with an antibody blocking FXI activation by FXIIa reduced lethal dose100 Staphylococcus aureus-induced platelet and fibrinogen consumption. Conclusions- This study demonstrates that bacterial-type long-chain polyP promotes platelet activation in a FXII-dependent manner in flowing blood, which may contribute to sepsis-associated thrombotic processes, consumptive coagulopathy, and thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jevgenia Zilberman-Rudenko
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.)
| | - Stéphanie E Reitsma
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.).,Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.E.R., C.M., R.T.U.)
| | - Cristina Puy
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.)
| | - Rachel A Rigg
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.)
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (S.A.S., J.H.M.)
| | - Erik I Tucker
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.).,Aronora Inc, Portland, OR (E.I.T., A.G.)
| | - Robert Silasi
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (R.S., F.L.)
| | - Alona Merkulova
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (A.M., AH.S.)
| | | | - Coen Maas
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.E.R., C.M., R.T.U.)
| | - Rolf T Urbanus
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (S.E.R., C.M., R.T.U.)
| | - David Gailani
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (D.G.)
| | - James H Morrissey
- Departments of Biological Chemistry & Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor (S.A.S., J.H.M.)
| | - András Gruber
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.).,Division of Hematology (A.G., O.J.T.M.).,Aronora Inc, Portland, OR (E.I.T., A.G.)
| | - Florea Lupu
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (R.S., F.L.)
| | - Alvin H Schmaier
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH (A.M., AH.S.).,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, OH (A.H.S.)
| | - Owen J T McCarty
- From the Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine (J.Z.-R., S.E.R., C.P., R.A.R., E.I.T., A.G., O.J.T.M.).,Division of Hematology (A.G., O.J.T.M.)
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Biswas I, Panicker SR, Cai X, Mehta-D'souza P, Rezaie AR. Inorganic Polyphosphate Amplifies High Mobility Group Box 1-Mediated Von Willebrand Factor Release and Platelet String Formation on Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:1868-1877. [PMID: 29930000 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is known to modulate coagulation, inflammation, and metabolic pathways. It also amplifies inflammatory responses of HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) in endothelial cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of polyP on von Willebrand factor (VWF) release from endothelial cells with or without HMGB1. Approach and Results- EA.hy926 endothelial cells were treated with different concentrations of polyP70 alone or in combination with different concentrations of HMGB1. VWF release was measured by an ELISA assay in the absence or presence of pharmacological inhibitors of the receptor for advanced glycation end products, P2Y1, and Ca2+. A flow chamber assay was used to monitor polyP70-mediated platelet recruitment and VWF-platelet string formation. PolyP70 and HMGB1 induced VWF release from endothelial cells by a concentration-dependent manner. PolyP70 amplified HMGB1-mediated VWF release from endothelial cells. This was also true if boiled platelet releasate was used as the source of polyP. Gene silencing or pharmacological inhibitors of receptor for advanced glycation end products, P2Y1, and Ca2+ significantly inhibited VWF release. PolyP70 and HMGB1 synergistically promoted VWF-platelet string formation in the flow chamber assay, which was inhibited by the anti-GPIbα (glycoprotein Ib alpha) antibody. VWF release by polyP70-HMGB1 complex required phosphorylation of Src and phospholipase C because inhibitors of Src, phospholipase C, and Ca2+ signaling significantly decreased VWF secretion. The polyP70-HMGB1 complex also increased angiopoietin-2 release, indicating that Weibel-Palade body exocytosis is involved in the VWF release. Conclusions- PolyP70 can promote thrombotic and inflammatory pathways by inducing VWF release and platelet string formation on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Biswas
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (I.B., S.R.P., X.C., P.M.-D., A.R.R.)
| | - Sumith R Panicker
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (I.B., S.R.P., X.C., P.M.-D., A.R.R.)
| | - Xiaofeng Cai
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (I.B., S.R.P., X.C., P.M.-D., A.R.R.)
| | - Padmaja Mehta-D'souza
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (I.B., S.R.P., X.C., P.M.-D., A.R.R.)
| | - Alireza R Rezaie
- From the Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (I.B., S.R.P., X.C., P.M.-D., A.R.R.).,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City (A.R.R.)
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31
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Soleimani A, Asgharzadeh F, Rahmani F, Avan A, Mehraban S, Fakhraei M, Arjmand MH, Binabaj MM, Parizadeh MR, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Afshari AR, Naghinezhad J, Sayyed-Hosseinian SH, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. Novel oral transforming growth factor-β signaling inhibitor potently inhibits postsurgical adhesion band formation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1349-1357. [PMID: 31313829 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, we have investigated the therapeutic potency of EW-7197, a transforming growth factor-β type I receptor kinase inhibitor, against postsurgical adhesion band formation. Our results showed that this pharmacological inhibitor prevented the frequency and the stability of adhesion bands in mice model. We have also shown that downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, reduce submucosal edema, attenuation of proinflammatory cell infiltration, inhibition of oxidative stress, decrease in excessive collagen deposition, and suppression of profibrotic genes at the site of surgery are some of the mechanisms by which EW-7197 elicits its protective responses against adhesion band formation. These results clearly suggest that EW-7197 has novel therapeutic properties against postsurgical adhesion band formation with clinically translational potential of inhibiting key pathological responses of inflammation and fibrosis in postsurgery patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Mehraban
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Fakhraei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Arjmand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Moradi Binabaj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Amir Reza Afshari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jalal Naghinezhad
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Blood Banking, Cancer Molecular Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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32
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Mailer RKW, Hänel L, Allende M, Renné T. Polyphosphate as a Target for Interference With Inflammation and Thrombosis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:76. [PMID: 31106204 PMCID: PMC6499166 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activated platelets and mast cells expose the inorganic polymer, polyphosphate (polyP) on their surfaces. PolyP initiates procoagulant and proinflammatory reactions and the polymer has been recognized as a therapeutic target for interference with blood coagulation and vascular hyperpermeability. PolyP content and chain length depend on the specific cell type and energy status, which may affect cellular functions. PolyP metabolism has mainly been studied in bacteria and yeast, but its roles in eukaryotic cells and mammalian systems have remained enigmatic. In this review, we will present an overview of polyP functions, focusing on intra- and extracellular roles of the polymer and discuss open questions that emerge from the current knowledge on polyP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiner K W Mailer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorena Hänel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mikel Allende
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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33
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Wang GH, Ma KL, Zhang Y, Hu ZB, Liu L, Lu J, Chen PP, Lu CC, Ruan XZ, Liu BC. Platelet microparticles contribute to aortic vascular endothelial injury in diabetes via the mTORC1 pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:468-76. [PMID: 30446735 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet microparticles (PMPs) are closely associated with diabetic macrovascular complications. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of PMPs in diabetes on aortic vascular endothelial injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Peritoneal injection of streptozotocin was used to generate a diabetic rat model in vivo, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with PMPs were used in vitro. PMP levels in the circulation and aorta tissues were time-dependently increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (P < 0.05). Aspirin significantly inhibited the PMP levels at each time point (P < 0.05). In diabetic rats, the endothelial nitric oxide levels were decreased significantly combined with increased endothelial permeability. PMPs were internalized by HUVECs and primarily accumulated around the nuclei. PMPs inhibited endothelial nitric oxide levels to about 50% and caused approximately twofold increase in reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, PMPs significantly decreased the endothelial glycocalyx area and expression levels of glypican-1 and occludin (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the PMP-induced endothelial injuries were prevented by raptor siRNA and rapamycin. In conclusion, increased PMPs levels contribute to aortic vascular endothelial injuries in diabetes through activating the mTORC1 pathway.
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Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) consists of a linear arrangement of inorganic phosphates and defies its structural simplicity with an astounding number of different activities in the cell. Already well known for its ability to partake in phosphate, calcium, and energy metabolism, polyP recently gained a new functional dimension with the discovery that it serves as a stabilizing scaffold for protein-folding intermediates. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent studies that have identified polyP not only as a potent protein-like chaperone that protects cells against stress-induced protein aggregation, but also as a robust modifier of amyloidogenic processes that shields neuronal cells from amyloid toxicity. We consider some of the most pressing questions in the field, the obstacles faced, and the potential avenues to take to provide a complete picture about the working mechanism and physiological relevance of this intriguing biopolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Xie
- From the Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and
| | - Ursula Jakob
- From the Departments of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology and
- Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1085
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35
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Rezaei N, Avan A, Pashirzad M, Rahmani F, Moradi Marjaneh R, Behnam-Rassouli R, Shafiee M, Ryzhikov M, Hashemzehi M, Ariakia F, Bahreyni A, Hassanian SM, Khazaei M. Crocin as a novel therapeutic agent against colitis. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:514-521. [PMID: 30714419 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1527850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease with high incidence and prevalence worldwide. To investigate the therapeutic potency of crocin, as a pharmacologically active component of saffron, in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice model. Experimental colitis was induced by 7-day administration of DSS dissolved in water at a concentration of 1.5% (w/v). The animals were randomly divided into four groups (n¼6 for each group). (1) Control group received regular drinking water for four weeks, (2) the second group of mice received regular drinking water for three weeks and then received DSS for one week, (3) and (4) the other two groups received 50-ppm or 200-ppm crocin for three weeks, respectively, and then treated with DSS for one week. Our results showed that Crocin attenuates colitis disease activity index including body weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and colon shortening in crocin pre-tread mice. Comparison of histology of colon tissues between groups showed that crocin significantly decreases colon histopathological score, at least partially, by eliciting anti-inflammatory responses in DSS-induced colitis mice. These results clearly showed that crocin is a novel therapeutic agent with low toxicity as well as great clinical significance in treatment of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Rezaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Pashirzad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Moradi Marjaneh
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihane Behnam-Rassouli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA MO
| | - Milad Hashemzehi
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ariakia
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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36
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Abstract
This illustrated review focuses on polyphosphate as a potent modulator of the plasma clotting cascade, with possible roles in hemostasis, thrombosis, and inflammation. Polyphosphates are highly anionic, linear polymers of inorganic phosphates that are widespread throughout biology. Infectious microorganisms accumulate polyphosphates with widely varying polymer lengths (from a few phosphates to over a thousand phosphates long), while activated human platelets secrete polyphosphate with a very narrow size distribution (about 60-100 phosphates long). Work from our lab and others has shown that long-chain polyphosphate is a potent trigger of clotting via the contact pathway, while polyphosphate of the size secreted by platelets accelerates factor V activation, blocks the anticoagulant activity of tissue factor pathway inhibitor, promotes factor XI activation by thrombin, and makes fibrin fibrils thicker and more resistant to fibrinolysis. Polyphosphate also modulates inflammation by triggering bradykinin release, inhibiting the complement system, and modulating endothelial function. Polyphosphate and nucleic acids have similar physical properties and both will trigger the contact pathway-although polyphosphate is orders of magnitude more procoagulant than either DNA or RNA. Important caveats in these studies include observations that nucleic acids and polyphosphate may co-purify, and that these preparations can be contaminated with highly procoagulant microparticles if silica-based purification methods are employed. Polyphosphate has received attention as a possible therapeutic, with some recent studies exploring the use of polyphosphate in a variety of formulations to control bleeding. Other studies are investigating treatments that block polyphosphate function as novel antithrombotics with the possibility of reduced bleeding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Baker
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - Stephanie A. Smith
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
| | - James H. Morrissey
- Department of Biological ChemistryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichigan
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37
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Binabaj MM, Asgharzadeh F, Avan A, Rahmani F, Soleimani A, Parizadeh MR, Ferns GA, Ryzhikov M, Khazaei M, Hassanian SM. EW‐7197 prevents ulcerative colitis‐associated fibrosis and inflammation. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:11654-11661. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam M. Binabaj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Fereshteh Asgharzadeh
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Atena Soleimani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mohammad R. Parizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Gordon A. Ferns
- Division of Medical Education Brighton & Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine School of Medicine, Washington University Saint Louis Missouri
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Seyed M. Hassanian
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Metabolic syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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38
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Jia X, Liu B, Bao L, Lv Q, Li F, Li H, An Y, Zhang X, Cao B, Wang C. Delayed oseltamivir plus sirolimus treatment attenuates H1N1 virus-induced severe lung injury correlated with repressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory cell infiltration. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007428. [PMID: 30422993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe influenza A virus infection causes high mortality and morbidity worldwide due to delayed antiviral treatment and inducing overwhelming immune responses, which contribute to immunopathological lung injury. Sirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), was effective in improving clinical outcomes in patients with severe H1N1 infection; however, the mechanisms by which it attenuates acute lung injury have not been elucidated. Here, delayed oseltamivir treatment was used to mimic clinical settings on lethal influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 virus (pH1N1) infection mice model. We revealed that delayed oseltamivir plus sirolimus treatment protects mice against lethal pH1N1 infection by attenuating severe lung damage. Mechanistically, the combined treatment reduced viral titer and pH1N1-induced mTOR activation. Subsequently, it suppressed the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. It was noted that decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation was associated with inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, reduced reactive oxygen species production and increased autophagy. Additionally, the combined treatment reduced the expression of other proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and decreased inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid. Consistently, it inhibited the mTOR-NF-κB-NLRP3 inflammasome-IL-1β axis in a lung epithelial cell line. These results demonstrated that combined treatment with sirolimus and oseltamivir attenuates pH1N1-induced severe lung injury, which is correlated with suppressed mTOR-NLRP3-IL-1β axis and reduced viral titer. Therefore, treatment with sirolimus as an adjuvant along with oseltamivir may be a promising immunomodulatory strategy for managing severe influenza. The severity and lethality of influenza A virus infection are frequently aggravated by virus-induced tissue destruction and overwhelming immune responses. Combined therapy with antiviral medications and immunomodulators, which not only inhibit viral replication, but also reduce the damaging consequences of host immune responses, will be beneficial in the treatment of severe influenza. In the present study, we revealed that pH1N1-induced activation of mTOR promotes lung immunopathological injury, which is correlated with upregulated NF-κB activity and increased reactive oxygen species production. Subsequently, it induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Combined treatment with oseltamivir and the mTOR inhibitor sirolimus (as an adjuvant) not only blocks viral replication, but also suppresses mTOR-NLRP3-IL-1β axis-mediated immune damage, thus protecting mice against lethal pH1N1 infection. Our findings provide the theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical investigation of sirolimus as an adjunct treatment for severe influenza.
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Fernandes-Cunha G, McKinlay CJ, Vargas JR, Jessen HJ, Waymouth RM, Wender PA. Delivery of Inorganic Polyphosphate into Cells Using Amphipathic Oligocarbonate Transporters. ACS Cent Sci 2018; 4:1394-1402. [PMID: 30410977 PMCID: PMC6202642 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an often-overlooked biopolymer of phosphate residues present in living cells. PolyP is associated with many essential biological roles. Despite interest in polyP's function, most studies have been limited to extracellular or isolated protein experiments, as polyanionic polyP does not traverse the nonpolar membrane of cells. To address this problem, we developed a robust, readily employed method for polyP delivery using guanidinium-rich oligocarbonate transporters that electrostatically complex polyPs of multiple lengths, forming discrete nanoparticles that are resistant to phosphatase degradation and that readily enter multiple cell types. Fluorescently labeled polyPs have been monitored over time for subcellular localization and release from the transporter, with control over release rates achieved by modulating the transporter identity and the charge ratio of the electrostatic complexes. This general approach to polyP delivery enables the study of intracellular polyP signaling in a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella
M. Fernandes-Cunha
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Colin J. McKinlay
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jessica R. Vargas
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Henning J. Jessen
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs University, Freiburg Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert M. Waymouth
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul A. Wender
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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40
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41
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Abstract
Combinations of proinflammatory and procoagulant reactions are the unifying principle for a variety of disorders affecting the cardiovascular system. The factor XII-driven contact system starts coagulation and inflammatory mechanisms via the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the bradykinin-producing kallikrein-kinin system, respectively. The biochemistry of the contact system in vitro is well understood; however, its in vivo functions are just beginning to emerge. Challenging the concept of the coagulation balance, targeting factor XII or its activator polyphosphate, provides protection from thromboembolic diseases without interfering with hemostasis. This suggests that the polyphosphate/factor XII axis contributes to thrombus formation while being dispensable for hemostatic processes. In contrast to deficiency in factor XII providing safe thromboprotection, excessive FXII activity is associated with the life-threatening inflammatory disorder hereditary angioedema. The current review summarizes recent findings of the polyphosphate/factor XII-driven contact system at the intersection of procoagulant and proinflammatory disease states. Elucidating the contact system offers the exciting opportunity to develop strategies for safe interference with both thrombotic and inflammatory disorders.
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42
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Soltani A, Bahreyni A, Boroumand N, Roshan MK, Khazaei M, Ryzhikov M, Soleimanpour S, Avan A, Hassanian SM. Therapeutic potency of mTOR signaling pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of proinflammatory diseases, current status, and perspectives. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:4783-4790. [PMID: 29165795 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway controls cell energy metabolism. There is an interplay between mTOR and proinflammatory signaling pathways, supporting the role of the pathway in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Inhibition of mTOR signaling using specific pharmacological inhibitors could offer therapeutic promise in several inflammatory-associated diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulatory effects of mTOR signaling on inflammation and the therapeutic potency of mTOR pharmacological inhibitors in the treatment of inflammatory diseases including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, atherosclerosis, sepsis, and rheumatoid arthritis for a better understanding and hence a better management of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Soltani
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Bahreyni
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunogenetic Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Nadia Boroumand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Karimi Roshan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mikhail Ryzhikov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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43
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Li X, Chen W, Li P, Wei J, Cheng Y, Liu P, Yan Q, Xu X, Cui Y, Gu Z, Simoncini T, Fu X. Follicular Stimulating Hormone Accelerates Atherogenesis by Increasing Endothelial VCAM-1 Expression. Theranostics 2017; 7:4671-4688. [PMID: 29187895 PMCID: PMC5706091 DOI: 10.7150/thno.21216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Postmenopausal atherosclerosis (AS) has for decades been attributed to estrogen deficiency. Although the follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels rise sharply in parallel, the direct effect of FSH on AS has never been investigated. In this study, we explored the possible role of FSH in the development of AS. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 48 healthy premenopausal and 15 postmenopausal women. ApoE knockout mice were used as atherosclerosis model and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured as cell model. Serum hormones and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels were measured. Real-time PCR, histology for atherosclerotic lesions, immunofluorescence, luciferase assay, transfection experiments, flow chamber adhesion assay and western blot were performed. Results: In ApoE knockout mice, administration of FSH increased the atherosclerotic lesions and serum VCAM-1 concentration. Importantly, in blood samples of postmenopausal women, we detected significantly higher levels of FSH and VCAM-1 compared with those from premenopausal women, and there was a positive correlation between these two molecules. In cultured HUVECs, FSH receptor (FSHR) mRNA and protein expression were detected and FSH enhanced VCAM-1 expression. This effect was mediated by the activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), which was sequentially enhanced by the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. FSH first enhanced GαS activity resulting in elevated cAMP level and PKA activity, which relayed the signals from FSHR to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR cascade. Furthermore, FSHR was detected in endothelial caveolae fraction and interacted with caveolin-1 and GαS. The disruption of caveolae or the silencing of caveolin-1 blocked FSH effects on signaling activation and VCAM-1 expression, suggesting the existence of a functional signaling module in membrane caveolae. Finally, FSH increased human monocyte adhesion to HUVECs which was reversed by the VCAM-1 neutralizing antibody. Conclusion: FSHR was located in the membrane caveolae of HUVECs and FSH promoted VCAM-1 expression via FSHR/GαS /cAMP/PKA and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/NF-κB pathway. This may contribute to the deleterious role of FSH in the development of AS in postmenopausal women.
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Fan W, Han D, Sun Z, Ma S, Gao L, Chen J, Li X, Li X, Fan M, Li C, Hu D, Wang Y, Cao F. Endothelial deletion of mTORC1 protects against hindlimb ischemia in diabetic mice via activation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative stress and alleviation of inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:725-740. [PMID: 28473248 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) complicated with diabetes mellitus (DM) still remains a thorny issue due to lack of effective strategies. Our previous study has demonstrated that inhibition of mTORC1 protected adipose-derived stromal cells from hindlimb ischemic injury in PAD mice. However, whether inhibition of mTORC1 could protect against PAD in diabetes mellitus and the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. In this study, we employed endothelial-specific raptor (an essential component of the mTORC1 signaling complex) knockout (KO) mice (Tie2-mTORC1ko) to investigate whether and how mTORC1 downregulation could alleviate hindlimb ischemic injury in diabetic mice. Tie2-mTORC1ko mice and their wild-type littermates were intraperitoneally injected with streptozocin to induce type 1 diabetic model, after which the hyperglycemic mice were randomly allocated to sham operation or PAD operation (femoral artery ligation). The restoration of hindlimb blood perfusion and recovery of limb functions were improved in diabetic Tie2-mTORC1ko PAD mice with significant improvements of autophagy, angiogenesis and vascular integrity as well as attenuation of apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. In vitro, high glucose combining with hypoxia/serum deprivation treatment (HG+H/SD) significantly triggered apoptosis, reactive oxygen species generation and inflammation while inhibited autophagy and tube formation in HUVECs. The effect could be accentuated and attenuated by mTORC1 over-expression (TSC2 siRNA) and mTORC1 silencing (raptor siRNA), respectively. Moreover, autophagy inhibitor 3-MA could simulate the effects of TSC2 siRNA while autophagy inducer rapamycin could mimic the effects of raptor siRNA, suggesting that the beneficial effects of mTORC1 deletion were associated with autophagy induction. In conclusion, our present study demonstrates that endothelial mTORC1 deletion protects against hindlimb ischemic injury in diabetic mice possibly via activation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative stress and alleviation of inflammation. Therapeutics targeting mTORC1 may therefore represents a promising strategy to rescue limb ischemia in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Han
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhongchan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miaomiao Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Congye Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China; Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) is a molecule with prothrombotic and proinflammatory properties in blood. PolyP activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, increases the expression of cell surface adhesion molecules and disrupts the vascular barrier integrity of endothelial cells. PolyP-induced NF-κB activation and vascular hyperpermeability are regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex-1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 pathways, respectively. Through interaction with receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and P2Y1 receptors, PolyP dramatically amplifies the proinflammatory responses of nuclear proteins. Moreover, PolyP-mediated activation of the contact pathway results in activation of the kallikrein-kinin system, which either directly or in cross-talk with the complement system induces inflammation in both cellular and animal systems. Thus, polyP is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of metabolic and acute/chronic proinflammatory diseases, including severe sepsis, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the inflammatory properties of polyP and propose a model to explain the molecular mechanism of proinflammatory effects of this molecule in different systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hassanian
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Microanatomy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Avan
- Molecular Medicine Group, Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Neurology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Ardeshirylajimi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gawri R, Shiba T, Pilliar R, Kandel R. Inorganic polyphosphates enhances nucleus pulposus tissue formation in vitro. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:41-50. [PMID: 27164002 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Disc degeneration is associated with low back pain for which currently there is no optimal therapy so there is a great need to identify new treatment approaches. Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units varying in chain length and present in many cell types. As polyP has anabolic effects on chondrocytes, we hypothesized that polyP treatment would enhance matrix accumulation by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. NP cells isolated from bovine caudal discs were grown in 3D culture under normoxic or in select experiments under hypoxic conditions, in the presence or absence of various concentrations and sizes of polyP. Gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Matrix accumulation was quantified by measuring proteoglycan and collagen contents. DAPI fluorescence shift was used to stain for polyP in tissue. DAPI staining showed polyP present predominantly in the pericellular region of in vitro formed tissue. PolyP treatment enhanced matrix accumulation in a concentration and chain length dependant manner. NP cells exposed to polyP-22 (22 phosphate units length) showed an increase in gene expression of aggrecan, Collagen II, Sox 9, and MMP-13 which was maintained for the 14 days of culture. This suggests that polyP may enhance NP tissue formation in vitro by upregulating the expression of matrix genes. As polyP enhances proteoglycan accumulation even under hypoxic conditions, this raises the possibility that polyP may be a novel treatment to induce NP regeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:41-50, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Gawri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Toshikazu Shiba
- Regenetiss Inc., Kunitachi, Tokyo, Japan.,Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Pilliar
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Rita Kandel
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Suite 6-500, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 1X5
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Hiyama T, Ozeki N, Hase N, Yamaguchi H, Kawai R, Kondo A, Mogi M, Nakata K. Polyphosphate-induced matrix metalloproteinase-3-mediated differentiation in rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells. Biosci Trends 2016; 9:360-6. [PMID: 26781793 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2015.01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate [Poly(P)] induces differentiation of osteoblastic cells. In this study, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was transfected into purified rat dental pulp fibroblast-like cells (DPFCs) to investigate whether MMP-3 activity induced by Poly(P) is associated with cell differentiation into osteogenic cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and an MMP-3 activity assay were used in this study. Poly(P) enhanced expression of mature odontoblast markers dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentin matrix protein (DMP)-1 in DPFCs. These cells also developed an osteogenic phenotype with increased expression of osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP), high alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and an increased calcification capacity. Poly(P) induced the expression of MMP-3 mRNA and protein, and increased MMP-3 activity. MMP-3 siRNA potently suppressed the expression of osteogenic biomarkers ALP, OC, OP, DSPP, and DMP-1, and blocked osteogenic calcification. Taken together, Poly(P)-induced MMP-3 regulates differentiation of osteogenic cells from DPFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Hiyama
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University
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Hassanian SM, Ardeshirylajimi A, Dinarvand P, Rezaie AR. Inorganic polyphosphate promotes cyclin D1 synthesis through activation of mTOR/Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endothelial cells. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:2261-2273. [PMID: 27546592 PMCID: PMC5116009 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Essentials Polyphosphate (polyP) activates mTOR but its role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling is not known. PolyP-mediated cyclin D1 expression (β-catenin target gene) was monitored in endothelial cells. PolyP and boiled platelet-releasates induced the expression of cyclin D1 by similar mechanisms. PolyP establishes crosstalk between mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endothelial cells. SUMMARY Background Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) elicits intracellular signaling responses in endothelial cells through activation of mTOR complexes 1 and 2. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is known to be a negative regulator of mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of polyP on the expression, degradation and subcellular localization of the Wnt/β-catenin target gene, cyclin D1, in endothelial cells. Methods Regulation of cyclin D1 expression, phosphorylation and subcellular localization by polyP or platelet releasates was monitored in the absence and presence of pharmacological inhibitors and/or siRNA for specific molecules of the upstream mTOR/Wnt/β-catenin signaling network by established methods. Results Both synthetic polyP and boiled-platelet releasates induced the phosphorylation-dependent inactivation of GSK-3, thereby increasing the expression and nuclear localization, but inhibiting the degradation of cyclin D1. Inhibitors of mTORC1 (PI3K, AKT, PLC, PKC), rapamycin and siRNA for raptor (mTORC1-specific component) and β-catenin, all inhibited polyP-mediated regulation of cyclin D1 expression, phosphorylation and subcellular localization in endothelial cells. The signaling effect of polyP was effectively inhibited by the recombinant extracellular domain of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and/or by the RAGE siRNA. Specific pharmacological inhibitors and siRNA knockdown of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways indicated that polyP-mediated cyclin D1 expression and nuclear localization are IKKɑ and ERK1/2 dependent, whereas its inhibitory effect on phosphorylation-dependent degradation of cyclin D1 is IKKβ-dependent. Conclusion We conclude that a RAGE-dependent polyP-mediated crosstalk between mTOR and the GSK-3/Wnt/β-catenin signaling network can modulate important physiological processes in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Hassanian
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A Ardeshirylajimi
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - P Dinarvand
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A R Rezaie
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is found in all living organisms. The known polyP functions in eukaryotes range from osmoregulation and virulence in parasitic protozoa to modulating blood coagulation, inflammation, bone mineralization and cellular signalling in mammals. However mechanisms of regulation and even the identity of involved proteins in many cases remain obscure. Most of the insights obtained so far stem from studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here, we provide a short overview of the properties and functions of known yeast polyP metabolism enzymes and discuss future directions for polyP research.
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Wijeyewickrema LC, Lameignere E, Hor L, Duncan RC, Shiba T, Travers RJ, Kapopara PR, Lei V, Smith SA, Kim H, Morrissey JH, Pike RN, Conway EM. Polyphosphate is a novel cofactor for regulation of complement by a serpin, C1 inhibitor. Blood 2016; 128:1766-76. [PMID: 27338096 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-02-699561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system plays a key role in innate immunity, inflammation, and coagulation. The system is delicately balanced by negative regulatory mechanisms that modulate the host response to pathogen invasion and injury. The serpin, C1-esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), is the only known plasma inhibitor of C1s, the initiating serine protease of the classical pathway of complement. Like other serpin-protease partners, C1-INH interaction with C1s is accelerated by polyanions such as heparin. Polyphosphate (polyP) is a naturally occurring polyanion with effects on coagulation and complement. We recently found that polyP binds to C1-INH, prompting us to consider whether polyP acts as a cofactor for C1-INH interactions with its target proteases. We show that polyP dampens C1s-mediated activation of the classical pathway in a polymer length- and concentration-dependent manner by accelerating C1-INH neutralization of C1s cleavage of C4 and C2. PolyP significantly increases the rate of interaction between C1s and C1-INH, to an extent comparable to heparin, with an exosite on the serine protease domain of the enzyme playing a major role in this interaction. In a serum-based cell culture system, polyP significantly suppressed C4d deposition on endothelial cells, generated via the classical and lectin pathways. Moreover, polyP and C1-INH colocalize in activated platelets, suggesting that their interactions are physiologically relevant. In summary, like heparin, polyP is a naturally occurring cofactor for the C1s:C1-INH interaction and thus an important regulator of complement activation. The findings may provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying inflammatory diseases and the development of new therapies.
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