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Pavlidis MA, Viborg N, Lausen M, Rønø B, Kleine-Kohlbrecher D. Refined analytical pipeline for the pharmacodynamic assessment of T-cell responses to vaccine antigens. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1404121. [PMID: 38720900 PMCID: PMC11076743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1404121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacodynamic assessment of T-cell-based cancer immunotherapies often focus on detecting rare circulating T-cell populations. The therapy-induced immune cells in blood-derived clinical samples are often present in very low frequencies and with the currently available T-cell analytical assays, amplification of the cells of interest prior to analysis is often required. Current approaches aiming to enrich antigen-specific T cells from human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) depend on in vitro culturing in presence of their cognate peptides and cytokines. In the present work, we improved a standard, publicly available protocol for T-cell immune analyses based on the in vitro expansion of T cells. We used PBMCs from healthy subjects and well-described viral antigens as a model system for optimizing the experimental procedures and conditions. Using the standard protocol, we first demonstrated significant enrichment of antigen-specific T cells, even when their starting frequency ex vivo was low. Importantly, this amplification occurred with high specificity, with no or neglectable enrichment of irrelevant T-cell clones being observed in the cultures. Testing of modified culturing timelines suggested that the protocol can be adjusted accordingly to allow for greater cell yield with strong preservation of the functionality of antigen-specific T cells. Overall, our work has led to the refinement of a standard protocol for in vitro stimulation of antigen-specific T cells and highlighted its reliability and reproducibility. We envision that the optimized protocol could be applied for longitudinal monitoring of rare blood-circulating T cells in scenarios with limited sample material.
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2
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Ehrenfried AR, Zens S, Steffens LK, Kehm H, Paul A, Lauenstein C, Volkmar M, Poschke I, Meng Z, Offringa R. T-Cell-Based Platform for Functional Screening of T-Cell Receptors Identified in Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Data Sets of Tumor-Infiltrating T-Cells. Bio Protoc 2024; 14:e4972. [PMID: 38686347 PMCID: PMC11056003 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) has enabled in-depth gene expression analysis of several thousand cells isolated from tissues. We recently reported the application of scRNAseq toward the dissection of the tumor-infiltrating T-cell repertoire in human pancreatic cancer samples. In this study, we demonstrated that combined whole transcriptome and T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing provides an effective way to identify tumor-reactive TCR clonotypes on the basis of gene expression signatures. An important aspect in this respect was the experimental validation of TCR-mediated anti-tumor reactivity by means of an in vitro functional assay, which is the subject of the present protocol. This assay involves the transient transfection of mRNA gene constructs encoding TCRα/β pairs into a well-defined human T-cell line, followed by co-cultivation with the tumor cells of interest and detection of T-cell activation by flow cytometry. Due to the high transfectability and the low background reactivity of the mock-transfected T-cell line to a wide variety of tumor cells, this assay offers a highly robust and versatile platform for the functional screening of large numbers of TCR clonotypes as identified in scRNAseq data sets. Whereas the assay was initially developed to test TCRs of human origin, it was more recently also applied successfully for the screening of TCRs of murine origin. Key features • Efficient functional screening of-and discrimination between-TCRs isolated from tumor-reactive vs. bystander T-cell clones. • Applicable to TCRs from CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-infiltrating T-cells originating from patient-derived tumor samples and syngeneic mouse tumor models. • Rapid flow cytometric detection of T-cell activation by means of TNFα and CD107a expression after a 5 h T-cell/tumor cell co-cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Rodriguez Ehrenfried
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K. Steffens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kehm
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Paul
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lauenstein
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Volkmar
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zibo Meng
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of General Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan, China
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3
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Shao W, Yao Y, Yang L, Li X, Ge T, Zheng Y, Zhu Q, Ge S, Gu X, Jia R, Song X, Zhuang A. Novel insights into TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms: optimizing adoptive immunotherapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2024; 13:37. [PMID: 38570883 PMCID: PMC10988985 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-024-00504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy in the T cell landscape exhibits efficacy in cancer treatment. Over the past few decades, genetically modified T cells, particularly chimeric antigen receptor T cells, have enabled remarkable strides in the treatment of hematological malignancies. Besides, extensive exploration of multiple antigens for the treatment of solid tumors has led to clinical interest in the potential of T cells expressing the engineered T cell receptor (TCR). TCR-T cells possess the capacity to recognize intracellular antigen families and maintain the intrinsic properties of TCRs in terms of affinity to target epitopes and signal transduction. Recent research has provided critical insight into their capability and therapeutic targets for multiple refractory solid tumors, but also exposes some challenges for durable efficacy. In this review, we describe the screening and identification of available tumor antigens, and the acquisition and optimization of TCRs for TCR-T cell therapy. Furthermore, we summarize the complete flow from laboratory to clinical applications of TCR-T cells. Last, we emerge future prospects for improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer world with combination therapies or TCR-T derived products. In conclusion, this review depicts our current understanding of TCR-T cell therapy in solid neoplasms, and provides new perspectives for expanding its clinical applications and improving therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiran Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Ludi Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoran Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongxin Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyi Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhi Zao Ju Road, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Tan CL, Lindner K, Boschert T, Meng Z, Rodriguez Ehrenfried A, De Roia A, Haltenhof G, Faenza A, Imperatore F, Bunse L, Lindner JM, Harbottle RP, Ratliff M, Offringa R, Poschke I, Platten M, Green EW. Prediction of tumor-reactive T cell receptors from scRNA-seq data for personalized T cell therapy. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02161-y. [PMID: 38454173 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The identification of patient-derived, tumor-reactive T cell receptors (TCRs) as a basis for personalized transgenic T cell therapies remains a time- and cost-intensive endeavor. Current approaches to identify tumor-reactive TCRs analyze tumor mutations to predict T cell activating (neo)antigens and use these to either enrich tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) cultures or validate individual TCRs for transgenic autologous therapies. Here we combined high-throughput TCR cloning and reactivity validation to train predicTCR, a machine learning classifier that identifies individual tumor-reactive TILs in an antigen-agnostic manner based on single-TIL RNA sequencing. PredicTCR identifies tumor-reactive TCRs in TILs from diverse cancers better than previous gene set enrichment-based approaches, increasing specificity and sensitivity (geometric mean) from 0.38 to 0.74. By predicting tumor-reactive TCRs in a matter of days, TCR clonotypes can be prioritized to accelerate the manufacture of personalized T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Tan
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Lindner
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Boschert
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Z Meng
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - A Rodriguez Ehrenfried
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A De Roia
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- DNA Vector Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - G Haltenhof
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - L Bunse
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - R P Harbottle
- DNA Vector Laboratory, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Ratliff
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - R Offringa
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - I Poschke
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Platten
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute for Translational Oncology, Mainz, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center-Hector Cancer Institute at the Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - E W Green
- CCU Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium, Core Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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5
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Klobuch S, Seijkens TTP, Schumacher TN, Haanen JBAG. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy for patients with advanced-stage melanoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:173-184. [PMID: 38191921 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00848-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment of melanoma over the past decade. Despite these breakthroughs, the 5-year survival rate of patients with advanced-stage melanoma is at most 50%, emphasizing the need for additional therapeutic strategies. Adoptive cell therapy with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a therapeutic modality that has, in the past few years, demonstrated long-term clinical benefit in phase II/III trials involving patients with advanced-stage melanoma, including those with disease progression on ICIs and/or BRAF/MEK inhibitors. In this Review, we summarize the current status of TIL therapies for patients with advanced-stage melanoma, including potential upcoming marketing authorization, the characteristics of TIL therapy products, as well as future strategies that are expected to increase the efficacy of this promising cellular immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klobuch
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom T P Seijkens
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
- Melanoma Clinic, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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6
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Foley CR, Swan SL, Swartz MA. Engineering Challenges and Opportunities in Autologous Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy. J Immunol 2024; 212:188-198. [PMID: 38166251 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of a patient's own immune or tumor cells, manipulated ex vivo, enables Ag- or patient-specific immunotherapy. Despite some clinical successes, there remain significant barriers to efficacy, broad patient population applicability, and safety. Immunotherapies that target specific tumor Ags, such as chimeric Ag receptor T cells and some dendritic cell vaccines, can mount robust immune responses against immunodominant Ags, but evolving tumor heterogeneity and antigenic downregulation can drive resistance. In contrast, whole tumor cell vaccines and tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccines target the patient's unique tumor antigenic repertoire without prior neoantigen selection; however, efficacy can be weak when lower-affinity clones dominate the T cell pool. Chimeric Ag receptor T cell and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapies additionally face challenges related to genetic modification, T cell exhaustion, and immunotoxicity. In this review, we highlight some engineering approaches and opportunities to these challenges among four classes of autologous cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen R Foley
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sheridan L Swan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Melody A Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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7
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Zakariya F, Salem FK, Alamrain AA, Sanker V, Abdelazeem ZG, Hosameldin M, Tan JK, Howard R, Huang H, Awuah WA. Refining mutanome-based individualised immunotherapy of melanoma using artificial intelligence. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:25. [PMID: 38183141 PMCID: PMC10768232 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Using the particular nature of melanoma mutanomes to develop medicines that activate the immune system against specific mutations is a game changer in immunotherapy individualisation. It offers a viable solution to the recent rise in resistance to accessible immunotherapy alternatives, with some patients demonstrating innate resistance to these drugs despite past sensitisation to these agents. However, various obstacles stand in the way of this method, most notably the practicality of sequencing each patient's mutanome, selecting immunotherapy targets, and manufacturing specific medications on a large scale. With the robustness and advancement in research techniques, artificial intelligence (AI) is a potential tool that can help refine the mutanome-based immunotherapy for melanoma. Mutanome-based techniques are being employed in the development of immune-stimulating vaccines, improving current options such as adoptive cell treatment, and simplifying immunotherapy responses. Although the use of AI in these approaches is limited by data paucity, cost implications, flaws in AI inference capabilities, and the incapacity of AI to apply data to a broad population, its potential for improving immunotherapy is limitless. Thus, in-depth research on how AI might help the individualisation of immunotherapy utilising knowledge of mutanomes is critical, and this should be at the forefront of melanoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Zakariya
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Fatma K Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
| | | | - Vivek Sanker
- Research Assistant, Dept. Of Neurosurgery, Trivandrum Medical College, Trivandrum, India
| | - Zainab G Abdelazeem
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Rachel Howard
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England
| | - Helen Huang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Wireko Andrew Awuah
- Medical Institute, Sumy State University, Zamonstanksya 7, Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.
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8
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Meng Z, Rodriguez Ehrenfried A, Tan CL, Steffens LK, Kehm H, Zens S, Lauenstein C, Paul A, Schwab M, Förster JD, Salek M, Riemer AB, Wu H, Eckert C, Leonhardt CS, Strobel O, Volkmar M, Poschke I, Offringa R. Transcriptome-based identification of tumor-reactive and bystander CD8 + T cell receptor clonotypes in human pancreatic cancer. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadh9562. [PMID: 37967201 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adh9562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is generally refractory to immune checkpoint blockade, although patients with genetically unstable tumors can show modest therapeutic benefit. We previously demonstrated the presence of tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in PDAC samples. Here, we charted the tumor-infiltrating T cell repertoire in PDAC by combining single-cell transcriptomics with functional testing of T cell receptors (TCRs) for reactivity against autologous tumor cells. On the basis of a comprehensive dataset including 93 tumor-reactive and 65 bystander TCR clonotypes, we delineated a gene signature that effectively distinguishes between these T cell subsets in PDAC, as well as in other tumor indications. This revealed a high frequency of tumor-reactive TCR clonotypes in three genetically unstable samples. In contrast, the T cell repertoire in six genetically stable PDAC tumors was largely dominated by bystander T cells. Nevertheless, multiple tumor-reactive TCRs were successfully identified in each of these samples, thereby providing a perspective for personalized immunotherapy in this treatment-resistant indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Meng
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron Rodriguez Ehrenfried
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chin Leng Tan
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laura K Steffens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kehm
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Zens
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lauenstein
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alina Paul
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Schwab
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas D Förster
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mogjiborahman Salek
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika B Riemer
- Division of Immunotherapy & Immunoprevention, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Vaccine Design, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heshui Wu
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
| | - Christoph Eckert
- Pathology Institute, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl-Stephan Leonhardt
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Volkmar
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute for Translational Oncology by DKFZ (HI-TRON), 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Isabel Poschke
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Gastrointestinal Tumors, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Sino-German Laboratory of Personalized Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022 Wuhan, China
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9
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Aran A, Lázaro G, Marco V, Molina E, Abancó F, Peg V, Gión M, Garrigós L, Pérez-García J, Cortés J, Martí M. Analysis of tumor infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ CDR3 sequences reveals shared features putatively associated to the anti-tumor immune response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1227766. [PMID: 37600765 PMCID: PMC10436466 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have predictive and prognostic value in breast cancer (BC) and exert a protective function against tumor growth, indicating that it is susceptible to treatment using adoptive cell transfer of TILs or T cell receptor (TCR)-based therapies. TCR can be used to identify naturally tumor-reactive T cells, but little is known about the differences in the TCR repertoires of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs. Methods TCR high-throughput sequencing was performed using TILs derived from the initial cultures of 11 BC biopsies and expanded and sorted CD4+ and CD8+ TILs as well as using PBMCs from healthy donors expanded and sorted using the same methodology. Results Physicochemical TCR differences between T cell subsets were observed, as CD4+ TILs presented larger N(D)Nnt TRB sequences and with a higher usage of positively charged residues, although only the latest was also observed in peripheral T cells from healthy individuals. Moreover, in CD4+ TILs, a more restricted TCR repertoire with a higher abundance of similar sequences containing certain amino acid motifs was observed. Discussion Some differences between CD4+ and CD8+ TCRs were intrinsic to T cell subsets as can also be observed in peripheral T cells from healthy individuals, while other were only found in TILs samples and therefore may be tumor-driven. Notably, the higher similarity among CD4+ TCRs suggests a higher TCR promiscuity in this subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aran
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Lázaro
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vicente Marco
- Pathology, Hospital Quironsalud Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Molina
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ferran Abancó
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vicente Peg
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gión
- Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laia Garrigós
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Pérez-García
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Cortés
- International Breast Cancer Center (IBCC), Pangaea Oncology, Quironsalud Group, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercè Martí
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Institut de Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- Biosensing and Bioanalysis Group, Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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10
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Shrestha P, Rotatori S, Madden-Hennessey K, Mohammed C, Yang CH, Urbani J, Pettinelli J, Liu X, Zhao Q. Selective expansion of target cells using the Enrich TROVO platform. Biotechniques 2023; 75:56-64. [PMID: 37551835 PMCID: PMC10476488 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2023-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Enriching target cell clones from diverse cell populations is vital for many life science applications. We have developed a novel method to rapidly and efficiently purify specific clonal cell populations from a larger, heterogeneous group using the Enrich TroVo system (Enrich Biosystems Inc., CT, USA). This system takes advantage of microfabrication and optical technologies by utilizing small hydrogel wells to separate desired cell populations and an innovative patching technique to selectively eliminate undesired cells. This method allows the isolation and growth of desired cells with minimal impact on their viability and proliferation. We successfully isolated and expanded clonal cell populations of desired cells using two model cells. Compared with fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Enrich TroVo system offers a promising alternative for isolating of sensitive, adherent cells, that is, patient-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Shrestha
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Stephen Rotatori
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | | | - Christina Mohammed
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Chi-han Yang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jordan Urbani
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Joseph Pettinelli
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive, Suite 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
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11
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Abstract
Over the past several decades, mRNA vaccines have evolved from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality. These vaccines offer several advantages over traditional vaccine techniques, including their high potency, rapid development, low-cost manufacturing, and safe administration. However, until recently, concerns over the instability and inefficient distribution of mRNA in vivo have limited their utility. Fortunately, recent technological advancements have mostly resolved these concerns, resulting in the development of numerous mRNA vaccination platforms for infectious diseases and various types of cancer. These platforms have shown promising outcomes in both animal models and humans. This study highlights the potential of mRNA vaccines as a promising alternative approach to conventional vaccine techniques and cancer treatment. This review article aims to provide a thorough and detailed examination of mRNA vaccines, including their mechanisms of action and potential applications in cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, the article will analyze the current state of mRNA vaccine technology and highlight future directions for the development and implementation of this promising vaccine platform as a mainstream therapeutic option. The review will also discuss potential challenges and limitations of mRNA vaccines, such as their stability and in vivo distribution, and suggest ways to overcome these issues. By providing a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of mRNA vaccines, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of this innovative approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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12
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Lee MH, Theodoropoulos J, Huuhtanen J, Bhattacharya D, Järvinen P, Tornberg S, Nísen H, Mirtti T, Uski I, Kumari A, Peltonen K, Draghi A, Donia M, Kreutzman A, Mustjoki S. Immunologic Characterization and T cell Receptor Repertoires of Expanded Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes in Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:1260-1276. [PMID: 37484198 PMCID: PMC10361538 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The successful use of expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) in adoptive TIL therapies has been reported, but the effects of the TIL expansion, immunophenotype, function, and T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of the infused products relative to the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well understood. In this study, we analyzed the tumor samples (n = 58) from treatment-naïve patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), "pre-rapidly expanded" TILs (pre-REP TIL, n = 15) and "rapidly expanded" TILs (REP TIL, n = 25) according to a clinical-grade TIL production protocol, with single-cell RNA (scRNA)+TCRαβ-seq (TCRαβ sequencing), TCRβ-sequencing (TCRβ-seq), and flow cytometry. REP TILs encompassed a greater abundance of CD4+ than CD8+ T cells, with increased LAG-3 and low PD-1 expressions in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments compared with the pre-REP TIL and tumor T cells. The REP protocol preferentially expanded small clones of the CD4+ phenotype (CD4, IL7R, KLRB1) in the TME, indicating that the largest exhausted T cell clones in the tumor do not expand during the expansion protocol. In addition, by generating a catalog of RCC-associated TCR motifs from >1,000 scRNA+TCRαβ-seq and TCRβ-seq RCC, healthy and other cancer sample cohorts, we quantified the RCC-associated TCRs from the expansion protocol. Unlike the low-remaining amount of anti-viral TCRs throughout the expansion, the quantity of the RCC-associated TCRs was high in the tumors and pre-REP TILs but decreased in the REP TILs. Our results provide an in-depth understanding of the origin, phenotype, and TCR specificity of RCC TIL products, paving the way for a more rationalized production of TILs. Significance TILs are a heterogenous group of immune cells that recognize and attack the tumor, thus are utilized in various clinical trials. In our study, we explored the TILs in patients with kidney cancer by expanding the TILs using a clinical-grade protocol, as well as observed their characteristics and ability to recognize the tumor using in-depth experimental and computational tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Hee Lee
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason Theodoropoulos
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Huuhtanen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Dipabarna Bhattacharya
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petrus Järvinen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Tornberg
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harry Nísen
- Abdominal Center, Urology, Helsinki University and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Mirtti
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pathology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program in Systems Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ilona Uski
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Kumari
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karita Peltonen
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anna Kreutzman
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Lozano-Rabella M, Garcia-Garijo A, Palomero J, Yuste-Estevanez A, Erhard F, Farriol-Duran R, Martín-Liberal J, Ochoa-de-Olza M, Matos I, Gartner JJ, Ghosh M, Canals F, Vidal A, Piulats JM, Matías-Guiu X, Brana I, Muñoz-Couselo E, Garralda E, Schlosser A, Gros A. Exploring the Immunogenicity of Noncanonical HLA-I Tumor Ligands Identified through Proteogenomics. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2250-2265. [PMID: 36749875 PMCID: PMC10261919 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor antigens are central to antitumor immunity. Recent evidence suggests that peptides from noncanonical (nonC) aberrantly translated proteins can be presented on HLA-I by tumor cells. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of nonC tumor HLA-I ligands (nonC-TL) to better understand their contribution to cancer immunosurveillance and their therapeutic applicability. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Peptides presented on HLA-I were identified in 9 patient-derived tumor cell lines from melanoma, gynecologic, and head and neck cancer through proteogenomics. A total of 507 candidate tumor antigens, including nonC-TL, neoantigens, cancer-germline, or melanocyte differentiation antigens, were tested for T-cell recognition of preexisting responses in patients with cancer. Donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were in vitro sensitized against 170 selected nonC-TL to isolate antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCR) and evaluate their therapeutic potential. RESULTS We found no recognition of the 507 nonC-TL tested by autologous ex vivo expanded tumor-reactive T-cell cultures while the same cultures demonstrated reactivity to mutated, cancer-germline, or melanocyte differentiation antigens. However, in vitro sensitization of donor PBL against 170 selected nonC-TL, led to the identification of TCRs specific to three nonC-TL, two of which mapped to the 5' UTR regions of HOXC13 and ZKSCAN1, and one mapping to a noncoding spliced variant of C5orf22C. T cells targeting these nonC-TL recognized cancer cell lines naturally presenting their corresponding antigens. Expression of the three immunogenic nonC-TL was shared across tumor types and barely or not detected in normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings predict a limited contribution of nonC-TL to cancer immunosurveillance but demonstrate they may be attractive novel targets for widely applicable immunotherapies. See related commentary by Fox et al., p. 2173.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lozano-Rabella
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Garcia-Garijo
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jara Palomero
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Yuste-Estevanez
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Florian Erhard
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roc Farriol-Duran
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Liberal
- Early Drug Development Unit (UITM) Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Ochoa-de-Olza
- Early Drug Development Unit (UITM) Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Matos
- Early Drug Development Unit (UITM) Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jared J. Gartner
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Institute for Cell Biology Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Francesc Canals
- Proteomics, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - August Vidal
- Department of Pathology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Piulats
- Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Cancer (ICO), IDIBELL-Oncobell, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Xavier Matías-Guiu
- Department of Pathology. Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Brana
- Early Drug Development Unit (UITM) Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Muñoz-Couselo
- Melanoma and other skin tumors unit, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garralda
- Early Drug Development Unit (UITM) Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alena Gros
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
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14
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Lu J, Huang C, He R, Xie R, Li Y, Guo X, Zhang Q, Xu Q. CD4 -/CD8 - double-negative tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes expanded from solid tumor tissue suppress the proliferation of tumor cells in an MHC-independent way. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04823-x. [PMID: 37165118 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04823-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have shown remarkable clinical responses in some patients with advanced solid tumors. As a rare subset of TILs, CD4-/CD8- double-negative T cells (DNTs) were poorly known. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and function of CD3+CD4-CD8- TILs (double-negative TIL, DN-TILs) derived from solid tumor. METHODS DN-TILs were derived and expanded ex vivo from resected gastric carcinoma tissue and phenotyped by flow cytometry. The cytotoxicity of DN-TILs was determined against established tumor cell lines in vitro or through in vivo adoptive transfer into xenograft models. K562 cells were transferred with the HLA gene to verify whether the cytotoxicity of DN-TILs was MHC-independent. RESULTS Flow cytometric analysis revealed a high-purity population of DN-TILs (> 97%) within CD3+ TILs, which expanded more than 800-folds in 2 weeks, consisting of a mixture of alpha-beta (αβ) and gamma-delta (γδ) T-cell receptor (TCR)-expressing cells (with the majority being αβ-TCR, > 95%). Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the expanded DN-TILs were categorized into four main subsets, Natural Killer T cells (approximately 80%, 5563 in 7028), Progenitor cells, Germ cells and T helper2 cells. DN-TILs exhibited a broad anticancer cytotoxicity in a donor-unrestricted manner against various cancer cell lines derived from pancreatic cancer (Panc-1), gastric cancer (HGC-27), ovarian cancer (SKOV-3), malignant melanoma (A375). The cytotoxicity was MHC-independent, which was not altered in K562 transferring with HLA gene or not. DN-TILs significantly reduced tumor volume in xenograft models with superior tumor-homing ability and low off-target toxicity. CONCLUSION Gastric carcinoma derived DN-TIL can target tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. DN-TILs have the potential to be used as a adoptive cell therapy for solid cancers with both the advantages of DNT and TIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Lu
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Shanghai Juncell Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong He
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongjia Xie
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Shanghai Tumor Cell Therapy Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianling Guo
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Departmalet of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
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15
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Chatani PD, Lowery FJ, Parikh NB, Hitscherich KJ, Yossef R, Hill V, Gartner JJ, Paria B, Florentin M, Ray S, Bera A, Parkhust M, Robbins P, Krishna S, Rosenberg SA. Cell surface marker-based capture of neoantigen-reactive CD8 + T-cell receptors from metastatic tumor digests. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006264. [PMID: 37258038 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular immunotherapies using autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can induce durable regression of epithelial cancers in selected patients with treatment-refractory metastatic disease. As the genetic engineering of T cells with tumor-reactive T-cell receptors (TCRs) comes to the forefront of clinical investigation, the rapid, scalable, and cost-effective detection of patient-specific neoantigen-reactive TIL remains a top priority. METHODS We analyzed the single-cell transcriptomic states of 31 neoantigen-specific T-cell clonotypes to identify cell surface dysfunction markers that best identified the metastatic transcriptional states enriched with antitumor TIL. We developed an efficient method to capture neoantigen-reactive TCRs directly from resected human tumors based on cell surface co-expression of CD39, programmed cell death protein-1, and TIGIT dysfunction markers (CD8+ TILTP). RESULTS TILTP TCR isolation achieved a high degree of correlation with single-cell transcriptomic signatures that identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs, making it a cost-effective strategy using widely available resources. Reconstruction of additional TILTP TCRs from tumors identified known and novel antitumor TCRs, showing that at least 39.5% of TILTP TCRs are neoantigen-reactive or tumor-reactive. Despite their substantial enrichment for neoantigen-reactive TCR clonotypes, clonal dynamics of 24 unique antitumor TILTP clonotypes from four patients indicated that most in vitro expanded TILTP populations failed to demonstrate neoantigen reactivity, either by loss of neoantigen-reactive clones during TIL expansion, or through functional impairment during cognate neoantigen recognition. CONCLUSIONS While direct usage of in vitro-expanded CD8+ TILTP as a source for cellular therapy might be precluded by profound TIL dysfunction, isolating TILTP represents a streamlined effective approach to rapidly identify neoantigen-reactive TCRs to design engineered cellular immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen D Chatani
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J Lowery
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Neilesh B Parikh
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle J Hitscherich
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rami Yossef
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Victoria Hill
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jared J Gartner
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Biman Paria
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Florentin
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Satyajit Ray
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alakesh Bera
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Parkhust
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Robbins
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sri Krishna
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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16
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Wu K, Lyu F, Wu SY, Sharma S, Deshpande RP, Tyagi A, Zhao D, Xing F, Singh R, Watabe K. Engineering an active immunotherapy for personalized cancer treatment and prevention of recurrence. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade0625. [PMID: 37126558 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has been shown to be resistant to immunotherapies. To overcome this challenge, we developed an active immunotherapy for personalized treatment based on a smart nanovesicle. This is achieved by anchoring membrane-bound bioactive interleukin 2 (IL2) and enriching T cell-promoting costimulatory factors on the surface of the dendritic cell-derived small extracellular vesicles. This nanovesicle also displays major histocompatibility complex-bound antigens inherited from tumor lysate-pulsed dendritic cell. When administrated, the surface-bound IL2 is able to guide the nanovesicle to lymphoid organs and activate the IL2 receptor on lymphocytes. Furthermore, it is able to perform antigen presentation in the replacement of professional antigen-presenting cells. This nanovesicle, named IL2-ep13nsEV, induced a strong immune reaction to rescue 50% of the mice in our humanized patient-derived xenografts, sensitized cancer cells to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment, and prevented the recurrence of resected tumors. This paradigm presents a feasible strategy for the treatment and prevention of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Feng Lyu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Shih-Ying Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sambad Sharma
- Department of Translation Biology, Auron Therapeutics, Newton, MA 02458, USA
| | - Ravindra Pramod Deshpande
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Abhishek Tyagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Ravi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kounosuke Watabe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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17
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has shown remarkable clinical responses in patients with advanced solid tumors. Although the TIL production process is very robust, the original protocol stems from the early nineties and lacks effective selection for tumor-reactivity and functional activity. In this review we highlight the limitations of the current production process and give an overview of improvements that can be made to increase TIL efficacy. RECENT FINDINGS With the recent advances in single cell sequencing technologies, our understanding of the composition and phenotype of TILs in the tumor micro environment has majorly increased, which forms the basis for the development of new strategies to improve the TIL production process. Strategies involve selection for neoantigen-reactive TILs by cell sorting or selective expansion strategies. Furthermore, gene editing strategies like Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas (CRISPR-Cas9) can be used to increase TIL functionality. SUMMARY Although combining all the possible improvements into a next generation TIL product might be challenging, it is highly likely that those techniques will increase the clinical value of TIL therapy in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liselotte Tas
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Jedema
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John B.A.G. Haanen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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18
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van den Bulk J, van der Ploeg M, Ijsselsteijn ME, Ruano D, van der Breggen R, Duhen R, Peeters KCMJ, Fariña-Sarasqueta A, Verdegaal EME, van der Burg SH, Duhen T, de Miranda NFCC. CD103 and CD39 coexpression identifies neoantigen-specific cytotoxic T cells in colorectal cancers with low mutation burden. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005887. [PMID: 36792124 PMCID: PMC9933759 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of CD103 and CD39 has been found to pinpoint tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in a variety of solid cancers. We aimed to investigate whether these markers specifically identify neoantigen-specific T cells in colorectal cancers (CRCs) with low mutation burden. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Whole-exome and RNA sequencing of 11 mismatch repair-proficient (MMR-proficient) CRCs and corresponding healthy tissues were performed to determine the presence of putative neoantigens. In parallel, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were cultured from the tumor fragments and, in parallel, CD8+ T cells were flow-sorted from their respective tumor digests based on single or combined expression of CD103 and CD39. Each subset was expanded and subsequently interrogated for neoantigen-directed reactivity with synthetic peptides. Neoantigen-directed reactivity was determined by flow cytometric analyses of T cell activation markers and ELISA-based detection of IFN-γ and granzyme B release. Additionally, imaging mass cytometry was applied to investigate the localization of CD103+CD39+ cytotoxic T cells in tumors. RESULTS Neoantigen-directed reactivity was only encountered in bulk TIL populations and CD103+CD39+ (double positive, DP) CD8+ T cell subsets but never in double-negative or single-positive subsets. Neoantigen-reactivity detected in bulk TIL but not in DP CD8+ T cells could be attributed to CD4+ T cells. CD8+ T cells that were located in direct contact with cancer cells in tumor tissues were enriched for CD103 and CD39 expression. CONCLUSION Coexpression of CD103 and CD39 is characteristic of neoantigen-specific CD8+ T cells in MMR-proficient CRCs with low mutation burden. The exploitation of these subsets in the context of adoptive T cell transfer or engineered T cell receptor therapies is a promising avenue to extend the benefits of immunotherapy to an increasing number of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitske van den Bulk
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manon van der Ploeg
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dina Ruano
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebekka Duhen
- Basic Immunology Lab, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Koen C M J Peeters
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Els M E Verdegaal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Duhen
- Anti-Cancer Immune Response Lab, Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Portland, Oregon, USA
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19
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Allan DS, Wu C, Mortlock RD, Chakraborty M, Rezvani K, Davidson-Moncada JK, Dunbar CE, Childs RW. Expanded NK cells used for adoptive cell therapy maintain diverse clonality and contain long-lived memory-like NK cell populations. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 28:74-87. [PMID: 36699615 PMCID: PMC9842935 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple clinical trials exploring the potential of adoptive natural killer (NK) cell therapy for cancer have employed ex vivo expansion using feeder cells to obtain large numbers of NK cells. We have previously utilized the rhesus macaque model to clonally track the NK cell progeny of barcode-transduced CD34+ stem and progenitor cells after transplant. In this study, NK cells from barcoded rhesus macaques were used to study the changes in NK cell clonal patterns that occurred during ex vivo expansion using culture protocols similar to those employed in clinical preparation of human NK cells including irradiated lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) feeder cells or K562 cells expressing 4-1BBL and membrane-bound interleukin-21 (IL-21). NK expansion cultures resulted in the proliferation of clonally diverse NK cells, which, at day 14 harvest, contained greater than 50% of the starting barcode repertoire. Diversity as measured by Shannon index was maintained after culture. With both LCL and K562 feeders, proliferation of long-lived putative memory-like NK cell clones was observed, with these clones continuing to constitute a mean of 31% of the total repertoire of expanded cells. These experiments provide insight into the clonal makeup of expanded NK cell clinical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S.J. Allan
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chuanfeng Wu
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ryland D. Mortlock
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mala Chakraborty
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jan K. Davidson-Moncada
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cynthia E. Dunbar
- Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: Cynthia E. Dunbar, Translational Stem Cell Biology Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Richard W. Childs
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author: Richard W. Childs, Laboratory of Transplantation Immunotherapy, Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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20
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Qu R, Kluger Y, Yang J, Zhao J, Hafler DA, Krause DS, Bersenev A, Bosenberg M, Hurwitz M, Lucca L, Kluger HM. Longitudinal single-cell analysis of a patient receiving adoptive cell therapy reveals potential mechanisms of treatment failure. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:219. [PMID: 36514045 PMCID: PMC9749221 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01688-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) is being studied in multiple tumor types. However, little is known about clonal cell expansion in vitro and persistence of the ACT product in vivo. We performed single-cell RNA and T-Cell Receptor (TCR) sequencing on serial blood and tumor samples from a patient undergoing ACT, who did not respond. We found that clonal expansion varied during preparation of the ACT product, and only one expanded clone was preserved in the ACT product. The TCR of the preserved clone which persisted and remained activated for five months was previously reported as specific for cytomegalovirus and had upregulation of granzyme family genes and genes associated with effector functions (HLA-DQB1, LAT, HLA-DQA1, and KLRD1). Clones that contracted during TIL preparation had features of exhaustion and apoptosis. At disease progression, all previously detected clonotypes were detected. New clonotypes appearing in blood or tumor at disease progression were enriched for genes associated with cytotoxicity or stemness (FGFBP2, GNLY, GZMH, GZMK, IL7R, SELL and KLF2), and these might be harnessed for alternative cellular therapy or cytokine therapy. In-depth single-cell analyses of serial samples from additional ACT-treated patients is warranted, and viral- versus tumor-specificity should be carefully analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihao Qu
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Yuval Kluger
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Junchen Yang
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Jun Zhao
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - David A. Hafler
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Diane S. Krause
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Alexey Bersenev
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Marcus Bosenberg
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA ,grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Michael Hurwitz
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Liliana Lucca
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
| | - Harriet M. Kluger
- grid.47100.320000000419368710Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA
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21
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Zhou Q, Chen D, Zhang J, Xiang J, Zhang T, Wang H, Zhang Y. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma holds unique features to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment: a narrative review. Journal of Pancreatology 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/jp9.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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22
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Wang S, Zhang X, Zou X, Wen M, Gan C, Jiang X, Li M, Shen R, Zhu D, Yao A, Fang Y, Fox BA, Hu H, Yu G, Wang X. Expansion of KRAS hotspot mutations reactive T cells from human pancreatic tumors using autologous T cells as the antigen-presenting cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022. [PMID: 36436020 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03335-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or TCR gene-modified T cells (TCR-T) that recognize mutant KRAS neo-antigens can mediate tumor regression in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (Tran et al in N Engl J Med, 375:2255-2262, 2016; Leidner et al in N Engl J Med, 386:2112-2119, 2022). The mutant KRAS-targeted ACT holds great potential to achieve durable clinical responses for PDAC, which has had no meaningful improvement over 40 years. However, the wide application of mutant KRAS-centric ACT is currently limited by the rarity of TIL that recognize the mutant KRAS. In addition, PDAC is generally recognized as a poorly immunogenic tumor, and TILs in PDAC are less abundant than in immunogenic tumors such as melanoma. To increase the success rate of TIL production, we adopted a well-utilized K562-based artificial APC (aAPC) that expresses 4-1BBL as the costimulatory molecules to enhance the TIL production from PDCA. However, stimulation with K562-based aAPC led to a rapid loss of specificity to mutant KRAS. To selectively expand neo-antigen-specific T cells, particularly mKRAS, from the TILs, we used tandem mini gene-modified autologous T cells (TMG-T) as the novel aAPC. Using this modified IVS protocol, we successfully generated TIL cultures specifically reactive to mKRAS (G12V). We believe that autologous TMG-T cells provide a reliable source of autologous APC to expand a rare population of neoantigen-specific T cells in TILs.
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23
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Abstract
Gliomas are highly treatment refractory against immune checkpoint blockade, an immunotherapeutic modality that revolutionized therapy for many tumors. At the same time, technological innovation has dramatically accelerated the development of immunotherapeutic approaches such as personalized tumor-specific vaccine production, dendritic cell vaccine manufacture, patient-individual target selection and chimeric antigen receptor, and T cell receptor T cell manufacture. Here we review recent clinical and translational advances in glioma immunotherapy with a focus on targets and their cognate immune receptor derivates as well as concepts to improve intratumoral T cell effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bunse
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Theresa Bunse
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christopher Krämer
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yu-Chan Chih
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Platten
- DKTK Clinical Cooperation Unit (CCU) Neuroimmunology and Brain Tumor Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, MCTN, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Immune Monitoring Unit, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Helmholtz Institute of Translational Oncology (HI-TRON), Mainz, Germany.
- DKFZ Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany.
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24
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Granhøj JS, Witness Præst Jensen A, Presti M, Met Ö, Svane IM, Donia M. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy: recent advances, challenges, and future directions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2022; 22:627-641. [PMID: 35414331 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2022.2064711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is a highly personalized type of cancer immunotherapy. TIL-based ACT exploits naturally occurring TILs, derived from the patients' tumor. This treatment has shown consistent clinical responses in melanoma, and recent results point toward a potential use in multiple cancer diagnoses. However, several limitations have restricted the clinical development and adaptation of TIL-based ACT. AREAS COVERED In this review, we present the principles of TIL-based ACT and discuss the most significant limitations for therapeutic efficacy and its widespread application. The topics of therapeutic resistance (both innate and acquired), treatment-related toxicity, and the novel research topic of metabolic barriers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are covered. EXPERT OPINION There are many ongoing areas of research focusing on improving clinical efficacy and optimizing TIL-based ACT. Many strategies have shown great potential, particularly strategies advancing TIL efficacy (such as increasing and harnessing ex vivo the sub-population of tumor-reactive TILs) and manufacturing processes. Novel approaches can help overcome current limitations and potentially result in TIL-based ACT entering the mainstream of cancer therapy across tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Stoltenborg Granhøj
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Agnete Witness Præst Jensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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25
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Aoki H, Shichino S, Matsushima K, Ueha S. Revealing Clonal Responses of Tumor-Reactive T-Cells Through T Cell Receptor Repertoire Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807696. [PMID: 35154125 PMCID: PMC8829044 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are the key effector cells that contribute to the antitumor immune response. They comprise various T-cell clones with diverse antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs). Thus, elucidating the overall antitumor responses of diverse T-cell clones is an emerging challenge in tumor immunology. With the recent advancement in next-generation DNA sequencers, comprehensive analysis of the collection of TCR genes (TCR repertoire analysis) is feasible and has been used to investigate the clonal responses of antitumor T cells. However, the immunopathological significance of TCR repertoire indices is still undefined. In this review, we introduce two approaches that facilitate an immunological interpretation of the TCR repertoire data: inter-organ clone tracking analysis and single-cell TCR sequencing. These approaches for TCR repertoire analysis will provide a more accurate understanding of the response of tumor-specific T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Aoki
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Shichino
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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26
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Shah P, Forget MA, Frank ML, Jiang P, Sakellariou-Thompson D, Federico L, Khairullah R, Neutzler CA, Wistuba I, Chow CWB, Long Y, Fujimoto J, Lin SY, Maitra A, Negrao MV, Mitchell KG, Weissferdt A, Vaporciyan AA, Cascone T, Roth JA, Zhang J, Sepesi B, Gibbons DL, Heymach JV, Haymaker CL, McGrail DJ, Reuben A, Bernatchez C. Combined IL-2, agonistic CD3 and 4-1BB stimulation preserve clonotype hierarchy in propagated non-small cell lung cancer tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003082. [PMID: 35110355 PMCID: PMC8811607 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) yielded clinical benefit in patients with checkpoint blockade immunotherapy-refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prompting a renewed interest in TIL-ACT. This preclinical study explores the feasibility of producing a NSCLC TIL product with sufficient numbers and enhanced attributes using an improved culture method. Methods TIL from resected NSCLC tumors were initially cultured using (1) the traditional method using interleukin (IL)-2 alone in 24-well plates (TIL 1.0) or (2) IL-2 in combination with agonistic antibodies against CD3 and 4-1BB (Urelumab) in a G-Rex flask (TIL 3.0). TIL subsequently underwent a rapid expansion protocol (REP) with anti-CD3. Before and after the REP, expanded TIL were phenotyped and the complementarity-determining region 3 β variable region of the T-cell receptor (TCR) was sequenced to assess the T-cell repertoire. Results TIL 3.0 robustly expanded NSCLC TIL while enriching for CD8+ TIL in a shorter manufacturing time when compared with the traditional TIL 1.0 method, achieving a higher success rate and producing 5.3-fold more TIL per successful expansion. The higher proliferative capacity and CD8 content of TIL 3.0 was also observed after the REP. Both steps of expansion did not terminally differentiate/exhaust the TIL but a lesser differentiated population was observed after the first step. TIL initially expanded with the 3.0 method exhibited higher breadth of clonotypes than TIL 1.0 corresponding to a higher repertoire homology with the original tumor, including a higher proportion of the top 10 most prevalent clones from the tumor. TIL 3.0 also retained a higher proportion of putative tumor-specific TCR when compared with TIL 1.0. Numerical expansion of TIL in a REP was found to perturb the clonal hierarchy and lessen the proportion of putative tumor-specific TIL from the TIL 3.0 process. Conclusions We report the feasibility of robustly expanding a T-cell repertoire recapitulating the clonal hierarchy of the T cells in the NSCLC tumor, including a large number of putative tumor-specific TIL clones, using the TIL 3.0 methodology. If scaled up and employed as a sole expansion platform, the robustness and speed of TIL 3.0 may facilitate the testing of TIL-ACT approaches in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parin Shah
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie-Andrée Forget
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Biologics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Meredith L Frank
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peixin Jiang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Lorenzo Federico
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Roohussaba Khairullah
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ignacio Wistuba
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chi-Wan B Chow
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shiaw-Yih Lin
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcelo V Negrao
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kyle Gregory Mitchell
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ara A Vaporciyan
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tina Cascone
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jack A Roth
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cara L Haymaker
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chantale Bernatchez
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA .,Biologics Development, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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27
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Arnaud M, Chiffelle J, Genolet R, Navarro Rodrigo B, Perez MAS, Huber F, Magnin M, Nguyen-Ngoc T, Guillaume P, Baumgaertner P, Chong C, Stevenson BJ, Gfeller D, Irving M, Speiser DE, Schmidt J, Zoete V, Kandalaft LE, Bassani-Sternberg M, Bobisse S, Coukos G, Harari A. Sensitive identification of neoantigens and cognate TCRs in human solid tumors. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:656-660. [PMID: 34782741 PMCID: PMC9110298 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The identification of patient-specific tumor antigens is complicated by the low frequency of T cells specific for each tumor antigen. Here we describe NeoScreen, a method that enables the sensitive identification of rare tumor (neo)antigens and of cognate T cell receptors (TCRs) expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. T cells transduced with tumor antigen-specific TCRs identified by NeoScreen mediate regression of established tumors in patient-derived xenograft mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Genolet
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Blanca Navarro Rodrigo
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marta A. S. Perez
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Magnin
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tu Nguyen-Ngoc
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Guillaume
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petra Baumgaertner
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Chong
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brian J. Stevenson
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gfeller
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Melita Irving
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel E. Speiser
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Schmidt
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Zoete
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.419765.80000 0001 2223 3006SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lana E. Kandalaft
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch - University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre des Thérapies Expérimentales (CTE), Department of Oncology - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Department of Oncology - University of Lausanne (UNIL) and Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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28
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Kishton RJ, Vodnala SK, Vizcardo R, Restifo NP. Next generation immunotherapy: enhancing stemness of polyclonal T cells to improve anti-tumor activity. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 74:39-45. [PMID: 34710751 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The administration of T cells as cellular therapy against advanced cancers has brought clinical benefit to many patients and has progressed the field of cancer research. However, current cell therapy treatments are not curative in most patients, particularly in those with solid tumors, and it remains to be seen how broadly and efficaciously they may be applied going forward. Recent research has begun to elucidate key factors that regulate the efficacy of cell therapy in cancer patients, including T cell stemness and the ability to effectively target tumor antigens and overcome tumor heterogeneity. In this review, we discuss key properties of clinically effective anti-cancer T cell therapies along with strategies to improve T cell characteristics to augment clinical efficacy in solid tumors.
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29
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Peri A, Greenstein E, Alon M, Pai JA, Dingjan T, Reich-Zeliger S, Barnea E, Barbolin C, Levy R, Arnedo-Pac C, Kalaora S, Dassa B, Feldmesser E, Shang P, Greenberg P, Levin Y, Benedek G, Levesque MP, Adams DJ, Lotem M, Wilmott JS, Scolyer RA, Jönsson GB, Admon A, Rosenberg SA, Cohen CJ, Niv MY, Lopez-Bigas N, Satpathy AT, Friedman N, Samuels Y. Combined presentation and immunogenicity analysis reveals a recurrent RAS.Q61K neoantigen in melanoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:129466. [PMID: 34651586 DOI: 10.1172/jci129466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigens are now recognized drivers of the antitumor immune response. Recurrent neoantigens, shared among groups of patients, have thus become increasingly coveted therapeutic targets. Here, we report on the data-driven identification of a robustly presented, immunogenic neoantigen that is derived from the combination of HLA-A*01:01 and RAS.Q61K. Analysis of large patient cohorts indicated that this combination applies to 3% of patients with melanoma. Using HLA peptidomics, we were able to demonstrate robust endogenous presentation of the neoantigen in 10 tumor samples. We detected specific reactivity to the mutated peptide within tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from 2 unrelated patients, thus confirming its natural immunogenicity. We further investigated the neoantigen-specific clones and their T cell receptors (TCRs) via a combination of TCR sequencing, TCR overexpression, functional assays, and single-cell transcriptomics. Our analysis revealed a diverse repertoire of neoantigen-specific clones with both intra- and interpatient TCR similarities. Moreover, 1 dominant clone proved to cross-react with the highly prevalent RAS.Q61R variant. Transcriptome analysis revealed a high association of TCR clones with specific T cell phenotypes in response to cognate melanoma, with neoantigen-specific cells showing an activated and dysfunctional phenotype. Identification of recurrent neoantigens and their reactive TCRs can promote "off-the-shelf" precision immunotherapies, alleviating limitations of personalized treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erez Greenstein
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Joy A Pai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Eilon Barnea
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Ronen Levy
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and
| | - Claudia Arnedo-Pac
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Bareket Dassa
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ping Shang
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Yishai Levin
- The de Botton Institute for Protein Profiling, The Nancy and Stephen Grand Israel National Center for Personalized Medicine, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gil Benedek
- Tissue Typing and Immunogenetics Unit, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J Adams
- Experimental Cancer Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James S Wilmott
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia and.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Göran B Jönsson
- Lund University Cancer Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arie Admon
- Department of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Steven A Rosenberg
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Cyrille J Cohen
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy, The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Masha Y Niv
- The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nuria Lopez-Bigas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nir Friedman
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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30
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Ware MB, El-Rayes BF, Lesinski GB. Mirage or long-awaited oasis: reinvigorating T-cell responses in pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001100. [PMID: 32843336 PMCID: PMC7449491 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is plagued by a dismal 5-year survival rate, early onset of metastasis and limited efficacy of systemic therapies. This scenario highlights the need to fervently pursue novel therapeutic strategies to treat this disease. Recent research has uncovered complicated dynamics within the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC. An abundant stroma provides a framework for interactions between cancer-associated fibroblasts, suppressive myeloid cells and regulatory lymphocytes, which together create an inhospitable environment for adaptive immune responses. This accounts for the poor infiltration and exhausted phenotypes of effector T cells within pancreatic tumors. Innovative studies in genetically engineered mouse models have established that with appropriate pharmacological modulation of suppressive elements in the TME, T cells can be prompted to regress pancreatic tumors. In light of this knowledge, innovative combinatorial strategies involving immunotherapy and targeted therapies working in concert are rapidly emerging. This review will highlight recent advances in the field related to immune suppression in PDAC, emerging preclinical data and rationale for ongoing immunotherapy clinical trials. In particular, we draw attention to foundational findings involving T-cell activity in PDAC and encourage development of novel therapeutics to improve T-cell responses in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brandon Ware
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Bassel F El-Rayes
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Hematology and Oncology, Emory University Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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31
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Arnaud M, Bobisse S, Chiffelle J, Harari A. The Promise of Personalized TCR-Based Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701636. [PMID: 34394096 PMCID: PMC8363295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation-derived neoantigens are now established as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. The field of adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy was significantly reshaped by tumor neoantigens and is now moving towards the genetic engineering of T cells with neoantigen-specific T cell receptors (TCRs). Yet, the identification of neoantigen-reactive TCRs remains challenging and the process needs to be adapted to clinical timelines. In addition, the state of recipient T cells for TCR transduction is critical and can affect TCR-ACT efficacy. Here we provide an overview of the main strategies for TCR-engineering, describe the selection and expansion of optimal carrier cells for TCR-ACT and discuss the next-generation methods for rapid identification of relevant TCR candidates for gene transfer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Arnaud
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Bobisse
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Chiffelle
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Harari
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Alinezhadbalalami N, Graybill PM, Imran KM, Verbridge SS, Allen IC, Davalos RV. Generation of Tumor-activated T cells using electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 142:107886. [PMID: 34303065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a crucial step in almost all cancer immunotherapeutic methods. Current techniques for expansion of tumor-reactive CTLs present major limitations. This study introduces a novel method to effectively produce and expand tumor-activated CTLs using high-voltage pulsed electric fields. We hypothesize that utilizing high-voltage pulsed electric fields may be an ideal method to activate and expand CTLs due to their non-thermal celldeath mechanism. Tumor cells were subjected to high-frequency irreversible electroporation (HFIRE) with various electric field magnitudes (1250, 2500 V/cm) and pulse widths (1, 5, and 10 µs), or irreversible electroporation (IRE) at 1250 V/cm. The treated tumor cells were subsequently cocultured with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells along with antigen-presenting cells. We show that tumor-activated CTLs can be produced and expanded when exposed to treated tumor cells. Our results suggest that CTLs are more effectively expanded when pulsed with HFIRE conditions that induce significant cell death (longer pulse widths and higher voltages). Activated CD8+ T cells demonstrate cytotoxicity to untreated tumor cells suggesting effector function of the activated CTLs. The activated CTLs produced with our technique could be used for clinical applications with the goal of targeting and eliminating the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Alinezhadbalalami
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Philip M Graybill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, 1 Riverside Circle, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Scott S Verbridge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Irving C Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Rafael V Davalos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, 325 Stanger Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Goodwin Hall, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Sciences, Virginia Tech, Kelly Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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33
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Borch TH, Harbst K, Rana AH, Andersen R, Martinenaite E, Kongsted P, Pedersen M, Nielsen M, Kjeldsen JW, Kverneland AH, Lauss M, Hölmich LR, Hendel H, Met Ö, Jönsson G, Donia M, Marie Svane I. Clinical efficacy of T-cell therapy after short-term BRAF-inhibitor priming in patients with checkpoint inhibitor-resistant metastatic melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002703. [PMID: 34210820 PMCID: PMC8252872 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite impressive response rates following adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in patients with metastatic melanoma, improvement is needed to increase the efficacy and broaden the applicability of this treatment. We evaluated the use of vemurafenib, a small-molecule BRAF inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, as priming before TIL harvest and adoptive T cell therapy in a phase I/II clinical trial. METHODS 12 patients were treated with vemurafenib for 7 days before tumor excision and during the following weeks until TIL infusion. TILs were grown from tumor fragments, expanded in vitro and reinfused to the patient preceded by a lymphodepleting chemotherapy regimen and followed by interleukin-2 infusion. Extensive immune monitoring, tumor profiling and T cell receptor sequencing were performed. RESULTS No unexpected toxicity was observed, and treatment was well tolerated. Of 12 patients, 1 achieved a complete response, 8 achieved partial response and 3 achieved stable disease. A PR and the CR are ongoing for 23 and 43 months, respectively. In vitro anti-tumor reactivity was found in TILs from 10 patients, including all patients achieving objective response. Serum and tumor biomarker analyses indicate that baseline cytokine levels and the number of T cell clones may predict response to TIL therapy. Further, TCR sequencing suggested skewing of TCR repertoire during in vitro expansion, promoting certain low frequency clonotypes. CONCLUSIONS Priming with vemurafenib before infusion of TILs was safe and feasible, and induced objective clinical responses in this cohort of patients with checkpoint inhibitor-resistant metastatic melanoma. In this trial, vemurafenib treatment seemed to decrease attrition and could be considered to bridge the waiting time while TILs are prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Katja Harbst
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Aynal Haque Rana
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rikke Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Evelina Martinenaite
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Per Kongsted
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Magnus Pedersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anders Handrup Kverneland
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Martin Lauss
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Hendel
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Oncology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy, Department of Oncology, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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34
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Morotti M, Albukhari A, Alsaadi A, Artibani M, Brenton JD, Curbishley SM, Dong T, Dustin ML, Hu Z, McGranahan N, Miller ML, Santana-Gonzalez L, Seymour LW, Shi T, Van Loo P, Yau C, White H, Wietek N, Church DN, Wedge DC, Ahmed AA. Promises and challenges of adoptive T-cell therapies for solid tumours. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1759-1776. [PMID: 33782566 PMCID: PMC8144577 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and, despite new targeted therapies and immunotherapies, many patients with advanced-stage- or high-risk cancers still die, owing to metastatic disease. Adoptive T-cell therapy, involving the autologous or allogeneic transplant of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes or genetically modified T cells expressing novel T-cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors, has shown promise in the treatment of cancer patients, leading to durable responses and, in some cases, cure. Technological advances in genomics, computational biology, immunology and cell manufacturing have brought the aspiration of individualised therapies for cancer patients closer to reality. This new era of cell-based individualised therapeutics challenges the traditional standards of therapeutic interventions and provides opportunities for a paradigm shift in our approach to cancer therapy. Invited speakers at a 2020 symposium discussed three areas-cancer genomics, cancer immunology and cell-therapy manufacturing-that are essential to the effective translation of T-cell therapies in the treatment of solid malignancies. Key advances have been made in understanding genetic intratumour heterogeneity, and strategies to accurately identify neoantigens, overcome T-cell exhaustion and circumvent tumour immunosuppression after cell-therapy infusion are being developed. Advances are being made in cell-manufacturing approaches that have the potential to establish cell-therapies as credible therapeutic options. T-cell therapies face many challenges but hold great promise for improving clinical outcomes for patients with solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Morotti
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ashwag Albukhari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq Alsaadi
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mara Artibani
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James D Brenton
- Functional Genomics of Ovarian Cancer Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart M Curbishley
- Advanced Therapies Facility and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhiyuan Hu
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Martin L Miller
- Cancer System Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Santana-Gonzalez
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Gene Therapy Group, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tingyan Shi
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen White
- Patient Representative, Endometrial Cancer Genomics England Clinical Interpretation Partnership (GeCIP) Domain, London, UK
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David N Church
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
| | - David C Wedge
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Ahmed A Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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35
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Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Xiang S, Kaboli PJ, Shen J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Du F, Li M, Cho CH, Li J, Wen Q, Liu T, Yi T, Xiao Z. Engineered TCR-T Cell Immunotherapy in Anticancer Precision Medicine: Pros and Cons. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658753. [PMID: 33859650 PMCID: PMC8042275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the role of engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) in immunotherapy. Novel approaches have been developed to boost anticancer immune system, including targeting new antigens, manufacturing new engineered or modified TCRs, and creating a safety switch for endo-suicide genes. In order to re-activate T cells against tumors, immune-mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTAC) have been developed as a novel class of manufactured molecules which are bispecific and recognize both cancer and T cells. The TCRs target special antigens such as NY-ESO-1, AHNAKS2580F or ERBB2H473Y to boost the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. The safety of genetically modified T cells is very important. Therefore, this review discusses pros and cons of different approaches, such as ImmTAC, Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), and inducible caspase-9 in cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials related to TCR-T cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies designed for overcoming immunosuppression, and recent advances made in understanding how TCRs are additionally examined. New approaches that can better detect antigens and drive an effective T cell response are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Shixin Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M.) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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36
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van Asten SD, de Groot R, van Loenen MM, Castenmiller SM, de Jong J, Monkhorst K, Haanen JBAG, Amsen D, Bex A, Spaapen RM, Wolkers MC. T cells expanded from renal cell carcinoma display tumor-specific CD137 expression but lack significant IFN-γ, TNF-α or IL-2 production. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1860482. [PMID: 33537169 PMCID: PMC7833735 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1860482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has a poor prognosis. Recent advances have shown beneficial responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. As only a subset of RCC patients respond, alternative strategies should be explored. Patients refractory to anti-PD-1 therapy may benefit from autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy. Even though efficient TIL expansion was reported from RCC lesions, it is not well established how many RCC TIL products are tumor-reactive, how well they produce pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to autologous tumors, and whether their response correlates with the presence of specific immune cells in the tumor lesions. We here compared the immune infiltrate composition of RCC lesions with that of autologous kidney tissue of 18 RCC patients. Tcell infiltrates were increased in the tumor lesions, and CD8+ Tcell infiltrates were primarily of effector memory phenotype. Nine out of 16 (56%) tested TIL products we generated were tumor-reactive, as defined by CD137 upregulation after exposure to autologous tumor digest. Tumor reactivity was found in particular in TIL products originating from tumors with ahigh percentage of infiltrated Tcells compared to autologous kidney, and increased CD25 expression on CD8+ Tcells. Importantly, although TIL products had the capacity to produce the key effector cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α or IL-2, they failed to produce significant amounts in response to autologous tumor digests. In conclusion, TIL products from RCC lesions contain tumor-reactive Tcells. Their restricted tumor-specific cytokine production requires further investigation of immunosuppressive factors in RCC and subsequent optimization of RCC-derived TIL culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia D van Asten
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosa de Groot
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M van Loenen
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne M Castenmiller
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen de Jong
- Department Of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Monkhorst
- Department Of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Hospital (NKI-AvL), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Derk Amsen
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Bex
- Department Of Urology, NKI-AvL, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Robbert M Spaapen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Monika C Wolkers
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department Of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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37
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Li T, Zhao L, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo J, Chen G, Qin P, Xu B, Ma B, Zhang F, Shang Y, Li Q, Zhang K, Yuan D, Feng C, Ma Y, Liu Z, Tian Z, Li H, Wang S, Gao Q. T Cells Expanded from PD-1 + Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Share More Clones with Paired Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2184-2194. [PMID: 33408117 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Both tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and PD-1+ peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are enriched for tumor-reactive clones recognizing known and unknown tumor antigens. However, the relationship between the T-cell receptor-β (TCRβ) repertoires of the TILs and T cells expanded from paired PD-1+ PBLs, and whether T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs can be used to treat patients with cancer as TIL substitutes remain unclear. Here, we established a highly efficient protocol to prepare polyclonal T cells from PD-1+ PBLs. A functional T-cell assay and tetramer staining revealed that cells from PD-1+ PBLs were relatively enriched for tumor-reactive T cells. Furthermore, deep TCRβ sequencing data revealed that an average of 11.29% (1.32%-29.06%; P = 0.015; n = 8) tumor-resident clonotypes were found in T cells expanded from paired PD-1+ PBLs, and the mean accumulated frequency of TIL clones found in T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs was 35.11% (7.23%-78.02%; P = 0.017; n = 8). Moreover, treatment of four patients, who failed multiline therapy and developed acquired resistance to anti-PD-1, with autologous T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs combined with anti-PD-1 antibody elicited objective responses from three of them. These results indicate that T cells expanded from PD-1+ PBLs share more clones with paired TILs and could be used to treat patients with cancer as TIL substitutes. SIGNIFICANCE: This study harnesses the tumor reactivity of PD-1+ PBLs, developing a method to expand T cells from these clones as a potential therapeutic strategy and TIL substitute in patients with cancer.See related commentary by Ladle, p. 1940.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiepeng Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.,Henan Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Lingdi Zhao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yonghao Yang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Immunology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jindong Guo
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Chen
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Benling Xu
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Ma
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yiman Shang
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Qingjun Li
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Yuan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Chaojie Feng
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Zhichao Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Hongle Li
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Shengdian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Quanli Gao
- Department of Immunotherapy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China.
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38
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Gokuldass A, Draghi A, Papp K, Borch TH, Nielsen M, Westergaard MCW, Andersen R, Schina A, Bol KF, Chamberlain CA, Presti M, Met Ö, Harbst K, Lauss M, Soraggi S, Csabai I, Szállási Z, Jönsson G, Svane IM, Donia M. Qualitative Analysis of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes across Human Tumor Types Reveals a Higher Proportion of Bystander CD8 + T Cells in Non-Melanoma Cancers Compared to Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3344. [PMID: 33198174 PMCID: PMC7696049 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Human intratumoral T cell infiltrates can be defined by quantitative or qualitative features, such as their ability to recognize autologous tumor antigens. In this study, we reproduced the tumor-T cell interactions of individual patients to determine and compared the qualitative characteristics of intratumoral T cell infiltrates across multiple tumor types. Methods: We employed 187 pairs of unselected tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and autologous tumor cells from patients with melanoma, renal-, ovarian-cancer or sarcoma, and single-cell RNA sequencing data from a pooled cohort of 93 patients with melanoma or epithelial cancers. Measures of TIL quality including the proportion of tumor-reactive CD8+ and CD4+ TILs, and TIL response polyfunctionality were determined. Results: Tumor-specific CD8+ and CD4+ TIL responses were detected in over half of the patients in vitro, and greater CD8+ TIL responses were observed in melanoma, regardless of previous anti-PD-1 treatment, compared to renal cancer, ovarian cancer and sarcoma. The proportion of tumor-reactive CD4+ TILs was on average lower and the differences less pronounced across tumor types. Overall, the proportion of tumor-reactive TILs in vitro was remarkably low, implying a high fraction of TILs to be bystanders, and highly variable within the same tumor type. In situ analyses, based on eight single-cell RNA-sequencing datasets encompassing melanoma and five epithelial cancers types, corroborated the results obtained in vitro. Strikingly, no strong correlation between the proportion of CD8+ and CD4+ tumor-reactive TILs was detected, suggesting the accumulation of these responses in the tumor microenvironment to follow non-overlapping biological pathways. Additionally, no strong correlation between TIL responses and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in melanoma was observed, indicating that TMB was not a major driving force of response. No substantial differences in polyfunctionality across tumor types were observed. Conclusions: These analyses shed light on the functional features defining the quality of TIL infiltrates in cancer. A significant proportion of TILs across tumor types, especially non-melanoma, are bystander T cells. These results highlight the need to develop strategies focused on the tumor-reactive TIL subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Gokuldass
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Arianna Draghi
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Krisztian Papp
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Troels Holz Borch
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Morten Nielsen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Marie Christine Wulff Westergaard
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Rikke Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Aimilia Schina
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Kalijn Fredrike Bol
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Christopher Aled Chamberlain
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Mario Presti
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Özcan Met
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja Harbst
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Lauss
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Samuele Soraggi
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Istvan Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (K.P.); (I.C.)
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Oncology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (K.H.); (M.L.); (G.J.)
- Lund University Cancer Centre, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Marco Donia
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.G.); (A.D.); (T.H.B.); (M.N.); (M.C.W.W.); (R.A.); (A.S.); (K.F.B.); (C.A.C.); (M.P.); (Ö.M.); (I.M.S.)
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Mondino A, Manzo T. To Remember or to Forget: The Role of Good and Bad Memories in Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Tumors. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1915. [PMID: 32973794 PMCID: PMC7481451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of immunological memory is a hallmark of adaptive immunity by which the immune system “remembers” a previous encounter with an antigen expressed by pathogens, tumors, or normal tissues; and, upon secondary encounters, mounts faster and more effective recall responses. The establishment of T cell memory is influenced by both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, including genetic, epigenetic and environmental triggers. Our current knowledge of the mechanisms involved in memory T cell differentiation has instructed new opportunities to engineer T cells with enhanced anti-tumor activity. The development of adoptive T cell therapy has emerged as a powerful approach to cure a subset of patients with advanced cancers. Efficacy of this approach often requires long-term persistence of transferred T cell products, which can vary according to their origin and manufacturing conditions. Host preconditioning and post-transfer supporting strategies have shown to promote their engraftment and survival by limiting the competition with a hostile tumor microenvironment and between pre-existing immune cell subsets. Although in the general view pre-existing memory can confer a selective advantage to adoptive T cell therapy, here we propose that also “bad memories”—in the form of antigen-experienced T cell subsets—co-evolve with consequences on newly transferred lymphocytes. In this review, we will first provide an overview of selected features of memory T cell subsets and, then, discuss their putative implications for adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Manzo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
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Dhupar R, Okusanya OT, Eisenberg SH, Monaco SE, Ruffin AT, Liu D, Luketich JD, Kammula US, Bruno TC, Lotze MT, Soloff AC. Characteristics of Malignant Pleural Effusion Resident CD8 + T Cells from a Heterogeneous Collection of Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6178. [PMID: 32867034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While T cell-based cancer immunotherapies have shown great promise, there remains a need to understand how individual metastatic tumor environments impart local T cell dysfunction. At advanced stages, cancers that metastasize to the pleural space can result in a malignant pleural effusion (MPE) that harbors abundant tumor and immune cells, often exceeding 108 leukocytes per liter. Unlike other metastatic sites, MPEs are readily and repeatedly accessible via indwelling catheters, providing an opportunity to study the interface between tumor dynamics and immunity. In the current study, we examined CD8+ T cells within MPEs collected from patients with heterogeneous primary tumors and at various stages in treatment to determine (1) if these cells possess anti-tumor activity following removal from the MPE, (2) factors in the MPE that may contribute to their dysfunction, and (3) the phenotypic changes in T cell populations that occur following ex vivo expansion. Co-cultures of CD8+ T cells with autologous CD45- tumor containing cells demonstrated cytotoxicity (p = 0.030) and IFNγ production (p = 0.003) that inversely correlated with percent of myeloid derived suppressor cells, lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) within the MPE. Ex vivo expansion of CD8+ T cells resulted in progressive differentiation marked by distinct populations expressing decreased CD45RA, CCR7, CD127, and increased inhibitory receptors. These findings suggest that MPEs may be a source of tumor-reactive T cells and that the cellular and acellular components suppress optimal function.
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Lozano-Rabella M, Gros A. TCR Repertoire Changes during TIL Expansion: Clonal Selection or Drifting? Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4177-4179. [PMID: 32518099 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor β analysis can be exploited to monitor changes in the clonotypic composition of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) during ex vivo expansion in IL2. Oligoclonal TILs are often outgrown by infrequent clonotypes with greater proliferative capacity, and this could impact the antitumor reactivity of the expanded TILs.See related article by Poschke et al., p. 4289.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lozano-Rabella
- Cancer Immunotherapy & Immunology CAIMI Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Cellex Center, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alena Gros
- Cancer Immunotherapy & Immunology CAIMI Program, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Cellex Center, Barcelona, Spain.
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