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Ash LV, Campião KM, Teixeira CP, Gotelli NJ. Ranavirus and helminth parasite co-infection in invasive American bullfrogs in the Atlantic forest, Brazil. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100924. [PMID: 38586581 PMCID: PMC10997893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases threaten amphibian species across the globe. In Brazil, the American bullfrog (Aquarana catesbeiana) is a highly invasive species that can potentially transmit parasites and pathogens to native amphibians. This is the first assessment of co-infection of Ranavirus and helminth macroparasites in invasive populations of bullfrogs in South America. We collected, measured, and euthanized 65 specimens of A. catesbeiana sampled from 9 sites across three states of Brazil in the Atlantic Forest biome. We collected and identified helminth macroparasites and sampled host liver tissue to test for the presence and load of Ranavirus with quantitative PCR. We documented patterns of prevalence, parasite load, and co-infection with generalized linear mixed models, generalized logistic regressions, and randomization tests. Most individual bullfrogs did not exhibit clinical signs of infection, but the overall Ranavirus prevalence was 27% (95% confidence interval, [CI 17-38]). Bullfrogs were infected with helminth macroparasites from 5 taxa. Co-infection of helminth macroparasites and Ranavirus was also common (21% CI [12-31]). Bullfrog size was positively correlated with total macroparasite abundance and richness, and the best-fitting model included a significant interaction between bullfrog size and Ranavirus infection status. We observed a negative correlation between Ranavirus viral load and nematode abundance (slope = -0.22, P = 0.03). Invasive bullfrogs (A. catesbeiana) in Brazil were frequently infected with both Ranavirus and helminth macroparasites, so adult bullfrogs could serve as reservoir hosts for both pathogens and parasites. However, many macroparasites collected were encysted and not developing. Coinfection patterns suggest a potential interaction between Ranavirus and macroparasites because helminth abundance increased with bullfrog size but was lower in Ranavirus infected individuals. Future studies of bullfrogs in the Atlantic Forest should investigate their potential role in pathogen and parasite transmission to native anurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V. Ash
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05403, USA
| | - Karla Magalhães Campião
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cauê Pinheiro Teixeira
- Laboratório de Interações Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, UFPR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nicholas J. Gotelli
- University of Vermont, Department of Biology, 109 Carrigan Drive, Burlington, VT, 05403, USA
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Alcantara EP, Ebert MB, Ferreira-Silva C, Forti LR, Morais DH, Pérez-Ponce de León G, Silva RJ. An integrative taxonomy study reveals a rare new species of the genus Creptotrema (Trematoda: Allocreadiidae) in an endangered frog in South America. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e23. [PMID: 38462988 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
During an ecological study with a near-endangered anuran in Brazil, the Schmidt's Spinythumb frog, Crossodactylus schmidti Gallardo, 1961, we were given a chance to analyze the gastrointestinal tract of a few individuals for parasites. In this paper, we describe a new species of an allocreadiid trematode of the genus Creptotrema Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, 1928, which possesses a unique trait among allocreadiids (i.e., a bivalve shell-like muscular structure at the opening of the ventral sucker); the new species represents the fourth species of allocreadiid trematode parasitizing amphibians. Besides, the new species is distinguished from other congeners by the combination of characters such as the body size, ventral sucker size, cirrus-sac size, and by having small eggs. DNA sequences through the 28S rDNA and COI mtDNA further corroborated the distinction of the new species. Phylogenetic analyses placed the newly generated sequences in a monophyletic clade together with all other sequenced species of Creptotrema. Genetic divergences between the new species and other Creptotrema spp. varied from 2.0 to 4.2% for 28S rDNA, and 15.1 to 16.8% for COI mtDNA, providing robust validation for the recognition of the new species. Even though allocreadiids are mainly parasites of freshwater fishes, our results confirm anurans as hosts of trematodes of this family. Additionally, we propose the reallocation of Auriculostoma ocloya Liquin, Gilardoni, Cremonte, Saravia, Cristóbal & Davies, 2022 to the genus Creptotrema. This study increases the known diversity of allocreadiids and contributes to our understanding of their evolutionary relationships, host-parasite relationships, and biogeographic history.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Alcantara
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biosciências, Setor de Parasitologia, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Botucatu, São Paulo18618-689, Brazil
| | - M B Ebert
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biosciências, Setor de Parasitologia, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Botucatu, São Paulo18618-689, Brazil
| | - C Ferreira-Silva
- Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, CEP 60455-760, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - L R Forti
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572 - Bairro Costa e Silva, 59625-900, Mossoró - Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - D H Morais
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, LMG-746, Km 1, Monte Carmelo, 38500-000, MG, Brazil
| | - G Pérez-Ponce de León
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida (ENES)-UNAM, Km 4.5 Carretera Mérida-Tetiz, Ucú, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R J Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto de Biosciências, Setor de Parasitologia, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, 250, Botucatu, São Paulo18618-689, Brazil
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González CE, Hamann MI, Santos AN, Melo FTV, Gómez VI, Schaefer EF, Duré MI. A New Species of Cosmocerca Diesing, 1861 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Elachistocleis haroi Pereyra, Akmentins, Laufer, and Vaira, 2013 (Amphibia: Microhylidae) from South American Chaco. Acta Parasitol 2024; 69:396-408. [PMID: 38153633 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-023-00767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cosmocercids are common nematodes that parasitize the digestive tract and lungs of amphibians and reptiles around the world. They are commonly found in leptodactylid and bufonid anurans in South America, primarily in Brazil and Argentina. This paper describes a new species of genus Cosmocerca based on specimens collected in a microhylid from the Dry Chaco ecoregion. METHODS A total of 18 specimens of Elachistocleis haroi were collected in October 2011 in Chaco province and in December 2021 and March 2022 in Formosa province, Argentina, both areas of the Dry Chaco ecoregion. The morphology of the nematodes was studied in detail using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS One hundred and fifty-one nematodes were collected from the large intestines of E. haroi. Based on the morphology of the caudal papillae (rosette papillae and plectanes), the presence of two spicules and the absence of caudal alae in males, and the presence of two prodelphic ovaries in females, these specimens were allocated to the genus Cosmocerca. However, they presented unique characteristics that differentiate them from all known species. Cosmocerca wichiorum sp. nov. is similar to C. archeyi, C. australis, C. sardiniae, C. zugi, and C. leytensis by having four pairs of plectanes, but can be easily distinguished from all of them by the type, number, and arrangement of the precloacal (non-plectanes), adcloacal and postcloacal papillae, by the length of the spicules and by its different zoogeographical distribution. CONCLUSION This is the 14th species of the genus Cosmocerca described in South America and the first one for the microhylid E. haroi from the Dry Chaco ecoregion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthya E González
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta 5, km 2.5, W 3400 AMD, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Monika I Hamann
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta 5, km 2.5, W 3400 AMD, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ana N Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Francisco T V Melo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Valeria I Gómez
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta 5, km 2.5, W 3400 AMD, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Eduardo F Schaefer
- Instituto de Investigaciones Geohistóricas (IIGHI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata 3055, 3500, Resistencia, Chaco, Argentina
| | - Marta I Duré
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta 5, km 2.5, W 3400 AMD, Corrientes, Argentina
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Dos Santos BR, Teixeira AAM, do Nascimento JM, Brito SV. Pattern of anuran infection by acanthocephalans from the Cerrado, Northeastern Brazil with a summary for South America. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e15. [PMID: 38305058 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x24000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In Brazil, acanthocephalans parasitise anurans in several biomes. In the present study, we performed an analysis of acanthocephalan infections across 175 anuran individuals from the Cerrado biome, belonging to ten species: Boana raniceps, Pithecopus hypochondrialis, Scinax fuscomarginatus, Scinax x-signatus, Leptodactylus pustulatus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus vastus, Physalaemus cuvieri, Adenomera hylaedactyla, and Elachistocleis piauiensis. We also verified the specificity of the parasites using the STD* index. Additionally, we conducted a survey of acanthocephalan infection in anurans in South America. The studied assemblage in the Brazilian Cerrado presented 57 parasitised hosts of 175 specimens (overall prevalence: 32.6%). In total, 437 acanthocephalans cystacanths were recorded, among which 286 presented the same morphotype but could not be identified, 148 belonged to the genus Centrorhynchus, and three belonged to Oncicola. Unidentified acanthocephalans had a higher prevalence in L. vastus (53.85%) and the highest intensity was in L. pustulatus (17±16). The highest prevalence of Centrorhynchus sp. was in the species S. fuscomarginatus (28.57%), while the highest intensity was observed in L. vastus (111). The taxon Oncicola sp. it had a prevalence of 3.23% and an intensity of 3 only in S. x-signatus. The highest specificity was recorded for Oncicola sp. (STD*= 1), whereas the lowest was found in Centrorhynchus sp. (STD*= 2.21). Finally, according to the survey for South America, we found ten records of acanthocephalan taxa parasitizing 58 species of anurans distributed in seven countries (Brazil with the most records).
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, CEP 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - A A M Teixeira
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04, S/N, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brazil
| | - J M do Nascimento
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Rede - Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal - BIONORTE, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, CEP 65080-805, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - S V Brito
- Centro de Ciências de Chapadinha, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Br 222, Km 04, S/N, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000, Chapadinha, MA, Brazil
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Olivera LA, Campião KM. Diversity of Acanthocephala parasites in Neotropical amphibians. J Helminthol 2024; 98:e11. [PMID: 38263742 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Acanthocephalans constitute a small taxonomic group related to rotifers and specialized in a parasitic lifestyle. Anurans act as paratenic and definitive hosts and infections always occur trophically. Our objective is to describe and summarize the richness of acanthocephalans in Neotropical anurans. We conducted a literature review in the main research databases, compiling data published until August 2021. We identified 66 articles with records of acanthocephalan-anuran association, 53.03% were carried out in Brazil. We detected 108 species of anurans from 11 families parasitized by acanthocephalans. With the exception of Bufonidae, Hylidae and Leptodactylidae, which are relatively well-studied families, interaction with acanthocephalans remains largely unexplored for most anuran species. We found six families of acanthocephalans: Centrorhynchidae, Echinorhynchidae, Oligacanthorhynchidae, Cavisomidae, Neoechinorhynchidae and Plagiorhynchidae. Centrorhynchidae and Echinorhynchidae presented the largest number of taxa associated with anurans. The largest number of records corresponded to acanthocephalans in the larval stage (cystacanths), for which anurans act as paratenic hosts. We observed a lack of specific taxonomic resolution in the identifications of most reports, because a large part of the records in the larval stage make morphological identification difficult. Brazil, Mexico, Paraguay, Argentina, Ecuador and Peru are the countries with the most records, while Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Chile and Uruguay exhibited the lowest publication numbers, resulting in gaps in the distribution of acanthocephalans. We expanded the known number of anuran species parasitized by acanthocephalans, compared to the last published review. Overall, we aim to contribute to the understanding of diversity within this intriguing but understudied group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Olivera
- Postgraduate Program in Zoology, Federal University of Paraná. Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biological Interactions, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - K M Campião
- Laboratory of Biological Interactions, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR-Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Vieira FM, Pereira FB, Ribeiro LB, Oliveira JB, Silva DCN, Muniz-Pereira LC, Felix-Nascimento G. Oswaldocruzia franciscoensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Molineidae) in Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Caatinga morphoclimatic domain, Brazil: morphological and molecular characterisation. J Helminthol 2023; 97:e104. [PMID: 38148677 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x23000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 (Nematoda, Molineidae), parasite of Leptodactylus macrosternum Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926 (Anura: Leptodactylidae), from Caatinga morphoclimatic domain, Brazil, is described based on morphological and molecular data. Oswaldocruzia franciscoensis n. sp. is characterised by an anterior extremity with a cephalic vesicle divided into two portions, a body covered by cuticular longitudinal ridges, and cervical alae. Males of the new species have caudal bursa of type I with a 2-1-2 pattern, spicules divided into a shoe, bifurcated fork, and blade with two unequal branches, in which the longer branch bifurcates at its distal portion end and the smaller branch with three distal processes, each with distal bifurcations. Females have didelphic and amphidelphic uteri, an ovijector divided into vestibule, anterior and posterior sphincters, and anterior and posterior infundibula. The new species differs from its Neotropical congeners that have caudal bursa of type I, based on the presence of cervical alae and by having a spicular blade distally divided into two unequal branches, with the longer branch bifurcating at its distal portion and smaller branch with three distal processes, each distally bifurcated. The partial 18S rDNA sequence generated for Oswaldocruzia franciscoensis n. sp. is the first of a representative belonging to this genus in the Neotropical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Vieira
- Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Rodovia BR-407, KM 12 Lote 543 S/n Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - F B Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Bloco L4 sala 252, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG31270-901, Brazil
| | - L B Ribeiro
- Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Rodovia BR-407, KM 12 Lote 543 S/n Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - J B Oliveira
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/nº, Recife CEP 52051-360, Brazil
| | - D C N Silva
- Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Rodovia BR-407, KM 12 Lote 543 S/n Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, 56300-000, Brazil
| | - L C Muniz-Pereira
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ. Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21040-900, Brazil
| | - G Felix-Nascimento
- Campus de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Rodovia BR-407, KM 12 Lote 543 S/n Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, 56300-000, Brazil
- Laboratório de Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres (LAADS), Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Rodovia BR-407, Km. 12 Lote 543 s/n Projeto de Irrigação Nilo Coelho, Petrolina, Pernambuco56300-000, Brazil
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Santos AN, Borges EDS, Willkens Y, Santos JND, Costa-Campos CE, Melo FTDV. A new species of Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916 (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in the Brazilian Amazon and the taxonomic status of Aplectana longa. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2023; 32:e014023. [PMID: 38055440 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nematodes of the genus Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916 are common parasites of the digestive tract of amphibians and reptiles in the Neotropical region. During a parasite survey on Boana boans (Linnaeus, 1758), we found specimens of nematodes with Aplectana characteristics. We observed a set of characteristics that differs the species of our study from its congeners, and the present study describes a new species of Aplectana parasite of B. boans using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Aplectana pella n. sp. has lateral alae and somatic papillae in males and females; males have equal short spicules, and the gubernaculum is absent. The arrangement of pairs of caudal papillae also differs from other species (2 precloacal,1 adcloacal, and 5 postcloacal+1 unpaired). In females, the vulva is simple, with non-prominent lips, and equatorial. This is the first record of the genus Aplectana parasitizing B. boans and the 58th species described for this genus. Additionally, we added the precloacal papillae pattern of A. delirae, and based on morphological and morphometric characteristics, we propose the reallocation of Aplectana longa to the genus Oxyascaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nunes Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Ewerton Dos Santos Borges
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Yuri Willkens
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Amapá - UNIFAP, Macapá, AP, Brasil
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA, Belém, PA, Brasil
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de Oliveira CR, Gonçalves-Sousa JG, de Carvalho EFF, Ávila RW, Borges-Nojosa DM. Effect of altitude and spatial heterogeneity on the host-parasite relationship in anurans from a remnant humid forest in the brazilian semiarid. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2651-2666. [PMID: 37707610 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07965-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effect of habitat heterogeneity, elevation gradient, and phylogenetic distance of host species on the abundance and richness of anuran endoparasites, assuming that parasites follow the distribution of their hosts independently of environmental variation. We collected 192 anurans distributed in three altitude ranges: 100-200 m, 400-500 m, and 700-800 m. We performed discriminant principal component analysis to analyze the interrelationships between environmental heterogeneity and the distribution of parasite and host species in the formation of species groups in each altitude range. We estimated the niche width and parasite overlap, using host species as a variable, and assessed whether parasite abundance is more influenced by historical (distance host phylogeny) or ecological effects in each altitude category and overall. Finally, we use network analyses to understand how interactions between parasites and hosts are formed along the altitude gradient. We found 22 parasite species, and the overall prevalence of infection was 74%. In our study, we did not identify environmental (altitude gradients and heterogeneity) or phylogenetic effects acting on the parasite species diversity. Overall, our results suggest that the parasites are distributed following the dispersal of their hosts and are dispersed among most anuran species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cicero Ricardo de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil.
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - José Guilherme Gonçalves-Sousa
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratory of Biology and Ecology of Wild Animals, Federal University of Cariri, Educators Training Institute, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Elvis Franklin Fernandes de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Robson Waldemar Ávila
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Diva Maria Borges-Nojosa
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of Ceará, Block 902, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
- Regional Ophiology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Block 905, Science Center, PICI Campus, Ceará, Brazil
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Coimbra MAA, Mascarenhas CS, Henzel ABD, Wolter JH, da Silva RRC, da Silveira FL, Müller G. Parasite-host relations and new reports of helminths for Rhinella dorbignyi (Duméril & Bibron, 1841) (Anura: Bufonidae) from Neotropical region. Parasitol Int 2023; 96:102766. [PMID: 37244362 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze helminth assemblage in Rhinella dorbignyi regarding host gender, size and mass in two sampling sites in southern Brazil, and to report new parasite associations. Anurans (n = 100) were collected in two localities from Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. Nineteen taxa (adults and larval forms) belonging to Nematoda, Acanthocephala, Digenea, and Cestoda were found in different infection sites. Cosmocercidae gen. Spp., Physaloptera liophis, Catadiscus sp., and Cylindrotaenia americana were the dominant taxa in helminth assemblage. Female anurans showed higher helminth species richness than males considering the total sample (two localities) or one of the two localities. However, prevalence and mean intensity of infection did not show any significant difference between genders. Mean intensity of infection was significantly higher (19.52) in Laranjal locality. Host body size does not influence helminth abundance, as infections did not show significant correlation snout-vent length (SVL) nor body mass (BM) of anurans. The findings reveal anurans of R. dorbignyi may be intermediate, paratenic and definitive host for these parasites. Plagiorchioidea helminths (Digenea), Physaloptera liophis, larvae of Acuariidae and Spiroxys sp. (Nematoda), and cystacanth of Lueheia sp. (Acanthocephala) constitute new records for R. dorbignyi. Additionally, this is the first record of Cylindrotaenia americana larvae in this host species. Resulting information increases the knowledge on biodiversity and parasite-host relations and may help future conservation programs developed in ecosystems in the extreme south of Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antônio Afonso Coimbra
- Núcleo de Reabilitação de Fauna Silvestre e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres (NURFS/CETAS/UFPEL), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres (LAPASIL), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Carolina Silveira Mascarenhas
- Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres (LAPASIL), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Beatriz Devantier Henzel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, Faculdade de Educação, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Rua Alberto Rosa, 154, CEP 96010-770 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hinz Wolter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96160-00 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Frank Lira da Silveira
- Grupo especial de proteção do ambiente aquático do Rio Grande do Sul (GEEPAA -RS), CEP 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Gertrud Müller
- Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres (LAPASIL), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Universitário s/n, CEP 96160-000 Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Alcantara EP, Müller MI, Úngari LP, Ferreira-Silva C, Emmerich E, Giese EG, Morais DH, Santos ALQ, O'Dwyer LH, Silva RJ. Integrative taxonomy in the genus Rhabdias Stiles et Hassall, 1905 from anuran in Brazil, description of two new species and phylogenetic analyses. Parasitol Int 2023; 93:102714. [PMID: 36462634 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
About 20 valid species of the genus Rhabdias are known in the Neotropical region. The present study aimed to describe two new species of Rhabdias parasitizing the lungs of Leptodactylus macrosternum and Leptodactylus podicipinus from Brazil. Distinctive characteristics between these species are numerous and based on body size, size of the buccal capsule, shape and size of the oesophagus, and position of the vulva. Molecular data based on ribosomal genes 28S and ITS region and mitochondrial COI of the two species are presented. Molecular analysis and comparison of the partial mitochondrial COI sequence of Rhabdias matogrossensis n. sp. and Rhabdias guaianensis n. sp. revealed a genetic divergence between these new species and the sequences of Rhabdias spp. previously deposited in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, R. matogrossensis n. sp. was grouped with R. breviensis species complex, and R. guaianensis n. sp. was grouped as a sister group of R. cf. stenochepala. This study contributes to improving the diversity of known species of Rhabdias described in Brazilian anurans.
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Alcantara EP, Úngari LP, Müller MI, Ferreira-Silva C, Emmerich E, O'Dwyer LH, Silva RJ. Phylogenetic position of Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 (Digenea: Gorgoderidae), a parasite of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 82:e263745. [PMID: 36629540 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.263745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During a parasite survey in Brazilian amphibians from São Paulo state, Brazil, Gorgoderina parvicava Travassos, 1922 was found in the urinary bladder (11 adult worms) and (five juvenile worms) in the kidneys of the pepper-frog Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824). Parasites were examined by microscopy and 28S rDNA and COI gene were sequenced and analyzed for the molecular study. The phylogenetic reconstructions resulted in identical topologies with highly supported values in the nodes in most clades using Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods and positioned G. parvicava in the subclade formed by species of subfamily Gorgoderinae parasitizing the urinary bladder of amphibians. Molecular phylogenetic data showed that this species is related to other species of Gorgoderina. In addition, new molecular data and the analyses of genetic distances provide extra comparative data, which can be applied in further investigations on the taxonomic status and the diversity among Gorgoderina spp. and host-parasite relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Alcantara
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L P Úngari
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - M I Müller
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucão, Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução, Unidade José Filippi, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - C Ferreira-Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - E Emmerich
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - L H O'Dwyer
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
| | - R J Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Laboratório de Parasitologia de Animais Silvestres, Botucatu, SP, Brasil
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Nogueira TAC, Kaefer IL, Sartim MA, Pucca MB, Sachett J, Barros AL, Júnior MBA, Baía-da-Silva DC, Bernarde PS, Koolen HHF, Monteiro WM. The Amazonian kambô frog Phyllomedusa bicolor (Amphibia: Phyllomedusidae): Current knowledge on biology, phylogeography, toxinology, ethnopharmacology and medical aspects. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:997318. [PMID: 36278168 PMCID: PMC9582840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.997318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllomedusa bicolor (Phyllomedusidae), popularly known as the kambô in Brazil, is a tree frog that is widely distributed in South American countries and is known for producing a skin secretion that is rich in bioactive peptides, which are often used in indigenous rituals. The biological effects of the skin secretion were observed in the first studies with indigenous communities. Over the last six decades, researchers have been studying the chemical composition in detail, as well as the potential pharmacological applications of its constituents. For this reason, indigenous communities and health agents fear the misuse of the kambô, or the inappropriate use of the species, which can result in health complications or even death of users. This article seeks to provide a transdisciplinary review that integrates knowledge regarding the biology of P. bicolor, ethnoknowledge about the ritual of the kambô, and the chemistry and pharmacology of the skin secretion of this species, in addition to medical aspects of the indiscriminate use of the kambô. Furthermore, this review seeks to shed light on perspectives on the future of research related to the kambô.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais A. C. Nogueira
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Igor Luis Kaefer
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Igor Luis Kaefer, ; Wuelton M. Monteiro,
| | - Marco A. Sartim
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Manuela B. Pucca
- Curso de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Sachett
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação Alfredo da Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André L. Barros
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Moysés B. A. Júnior
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Djane C. Baía-da-Silva
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Bernarde
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Campus Floresta, Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Acre, Brazil
| | - Hector H. F. Koolen
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Wuelton M. Monteiro
- Departamento de Ensino e Pesquisa, Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Grupo de Pesquisas em Metabolômica e Espectrometria de Massas, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Igor Luis Kaefer, ; Wuelton M. Monteiro,
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Alcantara EP, Ebert MB, Müller MI, Úngari LP, Ferreira-Silva C, Emmerich E, Santos ALQ, O'Dwyer LH, da Silva RJ. First molecular assessment on Cosmocerca spp. from Brazilian anurans and description of a new species of Cosmocerca (Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercoidea) from the white-spotted humming frog Chiasmocleis albopunctata (Boettger, 1885) (Anura: Microhylidae). J Helminthol 2022; 96:e64. [PMID: 36017718 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cosmocerca spp. are common nematode parasites of amphibians. We provide herein molecular data for two species of Cosmocerca and describe a new species, Cosmocerca albopunctata n. sp., using light microscopy and molecular data (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 - COI mtDNA). Cosmocerca albopunctata n. sp. can be easily distinguished from other congeneric species by the combination of characteristics such as body size, length of spicules and gubernaculum, and the arrangements and number of caudal papillae (7 + 1:1 + 1:6). The phylogenetic results based on the partial COI mtDNA sequences clustered the new species in a monophyletic clade along with the other sequences of Cosmocerca spp. Therefore, our results contribute to the knowledge about the species diversity and genetic data for Cosmocerca spp. in the Neotropical region.
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de Oliveira CR, Mascarenhas W, Batista-Oliveira D, de Castro Araújo K, Ávila RW, Borges-Nojosa DM. Endoparasite community of anurans from an altitudinal rainforest enclave in a Brazilian semiarid area. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e62. [PMID: 35983730 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X22000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to describe the composition of endoparasites associated with anurans from an altitudinal rainforest enclave in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we tested if microhabitat use influences endoparasite abundance and richness, as well as the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized. We sampled 306 individuals from 25 anuran species that were necropsied and analysed using a stereomicroscope. The total endoparasite prevalence was 79.08%, with a parasitic community consisting of 46 taxa. Overall, we found the common pattern described for Neotropical amphibians, which is the predominance of generalist and direct-cycle parasites. Twenty new host records and two possible new parasite species were found, highlighting the importance of this type of inventory. We also observed that microhabitat use was associated with a significant difference in parasite richness between groups, in which arboreal and terrestrial species, and aquatic and arboreal species contributed to these differences. Moreover, larger frogs tended to be more parasitized regarding only an interspecific view. Our results suggest that parasite richness is directly related to infection cycle and how the host exploits its habitat.
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Benício RA, dos Santos RS, Freire SM, Ávila RW, da Silva RJ, Fonseca MG. Diversity of helminth parasites in amphibians from northeastern Brazil. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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de Sousa Machado HT, de Oliveira SS, Benício RA, de Castro Araújo K, Ávila RW. Helminths Infecting Sympatric Congeneric Treefrogs in Northeastern Brazil. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:658-67. [PMID: 35000112 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-021-00497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to describe the helminth fauna associated with two sympatric congeneric treefrogs species (Boana multifasciata and Boana raniceps) from a highland marsh in northeastern Brazil. In addition, we investigate the body size influence on parasitological descriptors in these treefrogs, in which we expected that larger frogs would have greater abundance and richness helminths too, and no differences with respect to helminth composition once both hosts are exposed to similar environmental conditions. METHODS We collected anurans during the rainy season from 11 January to 09 February 2019, using visual and auditory searches in breeding environments. We analysed the presence of ectoparasites under an epidermis, oral cavity, and endoparasites present in the organs. Using a Linear mixed-effects model we tested the relationship between the host body size (length and weight) and helminths abundance and richness. In addition, we used the ANOSIM R test to investigate the differences between the hosts with respect to helminth composition. RESULTS We recorded 37 individuals (15 specimens of B. multifasciata and 22 of B. raniceps), in which 89.1% of them were infected by at least one helminth species. We found 355 helminths from 12 taxa parasitizing the two treefrogs, but just three parasite taxa were common to both species. All identified helminth species found in B. multifasciata are new records and four are new records for B. raniceps. In addition, we present the first record of Cosmocerca paraguayensis in Brazil. We found no support for the hypothesis that larger frogs tend to be more parasitized, at least for congeneric species, and sympatric hosts species have similar helminth composition. We also present a compilation of helminths occurring in treefrogs belonging to the Boana genus in South American, increasing our knowledge of the parasitic diversity of Neotropical anurans. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a lack of knowledge about helminth fauna associated with amphibians even for common and widely distributed species, such as Boana spp., and demonstrate the need to deepen our knowledge about host parasitic relationships, especially in the Neotropical region.
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Sampaio NKS, Teixeira AAM, Do Nascimento JM, Ribeiro SC, Almeida WO, Brito SV. Endoparasite community structure of an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, Northeastern Neotropical Region. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e78. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x22000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Amphibians are a widespread Chordata taxon and are important for maintaining the balance of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Brazil has a rich amphibian fauna; however, little is known about the role of their ecology and phylogenetic relationships during the assembly processes of associated endoparasite communities. Herein, we describe an endoparasite community in an anuran assemblage in the Caatinga, a unique biome of dry forests in north-eastern Brazil. We studied endoparasite diversity, as well as the effects of body length, body mass, body volume and sex on parasite abundance. We also investigated the influence of ecological and historical factors and anuran microhabitat use on endoparasite composition. We analysed individuals from 13 anuran species distributed across five families: Odontophrynidae (Proceratophrys cristiceps); Leptodactylidae (Leptodactylus fuscus, Leptodactylus vastus, Leptodactylus macrosternum, Leptodactylus troglodytes and Physalaemus cuvieri); Hylidae (Pithecopus gonzagai, Scinax x-signatus, Boana raniceps and Dendropsophus nanus); Bufonidae (Rhinella diptycha and Rhinella granulosa); and Microhylidae (Dermatonotus muelleri). We found nine species of endoparasites, including seven nematodes (Aplectana membranosa, Cosmocerca sp., Oswaldocruzia mazzai, Raillietnema spectans, Rhabdias fuelleborni, Schrankiana sp. and Physaloptera sp.), one species of Trematoda (Glypthelmins pseudium) and one non-identified cestode. There was no significant relationship between endoparasite abundance and host body length, body mass, body volume and sex. A phylogenetic principal component analysis showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on endoparasite assemblage than historical factors. Similarly, our results showed that ecological factors had a greater influence on anuran microhabitat use compared to historical factors, which contributed to the generalist characteristics presented by most of the sampled endoparasite species.
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Soares PBC, Passos DC, Anjos LAD, Wachlevski M. Helminth’s assemblage of a small frog in the Brazilian semiarid: parasite-host-environment relationships. Iheringia, Sér Zool 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT. Parasite infections may contingency different aspects of the hosts’ lives, and are usually expected to directly or indirectly compromise host reproduction. However, although amphibians have historically been study models in parasite ecology, the effects of parasitism on amphibians’ reproduction remain unknown. Thus, we investigated how the parasite load varies as a function of climatic seasonality (rainy and dry season) and intrinsic host characteristics (size and sex), as well as the relationship between parasite load and reproductive investment in males and females of a small frog (Pseudopaludicola pocoto Magalhães, Loebmann, Kokubum, Haddad & Garda, 2014) in the Brazilian semiarid region. The parasitological parameters of the studied population were not influenced by the season of the year or by the hosts’ body size, but females of P. pocoto had a higher prevalence and intensity of infection than males. The number of oocytes and the volume of the testes were not related to the parasite load, revealing that the parasitism did not negatively impact the gonadal investment in P. pocoto. Our findings suggest that short-lived species, such as the tiny Pseudopaludicola species, have a high reproductive investment independent of their parasitic interactions. In addition, this should be true mainly in those species that live in seasonally dry environments, such as P. pocoto, in which reproduction is even more constrained by the shortened and unpredictable rainy period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella B. C. Soares
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil
| | - Daniel C. Passos
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brasil; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Wachlevski
- Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brazil; Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Brasil
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Ferreira-Silva C, Alcantara EP, Ávila RW, Silva RJ. First record of Cosmocerca podicipinus (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) parasitizing Leptodeira annulata (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in northeastern Brazil. BRAZ J BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.265583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - E. P. Alcantara
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
| | | | - R. J. Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil
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Teixeira AAM, Sampaio NKS, Araujo-filho JA, Teles DA, Almeida WO, Mesquita DO, Brito SV. Parasitic infection patterns in Coleodactylus meridionalis (Squamata: Sphaerodactylidae) from Atlantic Forest fragments, northeast of the Neotropical Region. Helminthologia 2021; 58:356-63. [PMID: 35095311 PMCID: PMC8776295 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that seek to understand which factors influence the patterns of infection in the lizard Coleodactylus meridionalis are non-existent. In this way, we recorded the infection rates for these lizards from three different sized fragments of the Atlantic rainforest and investigated if there is influence of the size, mass and sex of the host regarding the endoparasite abundance. In addition, we investigated if there were possible associations between the host’s diet and parasitism, by calculating the diet niche breadth (based on the prey number of pooled stomachs) for each host population and comparing the diet between fragments and sexes (from the three sampled fragments). We collected 38 lizards across the three sampled forest fragments. We only found parasites in the lizards sampled from the smallest of the three forest fragments which included: Physaloptera lutzi, Haplometroides odhneri and Oligacanthorhynchus sp. For this population, lizards with greater length and body mass have a greater endoparasite abundance. In addition, based on the results obtained in our study, the diet of the lizards varies in food composition between sampled populations. Finally, knowing that among the infected lizards there is no sexual dimorphism in relation to size and body mass and that the stomach sampling for this population is insufficient to calculate the indexes related to the food niche; we used the number of prey lizards from all populations, thus we were able to associate the fact that female lizards have a greater endoparasite abundance due to variations in food composition between sexes.
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Cabrera-Guzmán E, Papeş M, García-Prieto L. Research on helminths from Mexican amphibians: gaps, trends, and biases. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e67. [PMID: 34802480 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X21000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a taxonomic, spatial, and thematic overview of the current state of knowledge on helminth parasites of Mexican amphibians. Sixty-six host species have been studied so far, representing 17.5% of the amphibian species distributed in Mexico. A total of 139 nominal species of helminths - 68 platyhelminths, 62 nematodes, three acanthocephalans, three annelids (hirudineans), and three arthropods (pentastomids) - have been recorded parasitizing these hosts. Most taxa found in larval stages have not been identified at the species level. The gastrointestinal nematode Aplectana itzocanensis exhibits the broadest host range, while the bladder fluke Gorgoderina attenuata and A. itzocanensis show the widest geographic distribution. Our analysis of helminthological studies evidenced gaps and biases on research efforts that have been devoted to relatively few host species, regions, and approaches. Most helminthological records come from two species, the cane toad Rhinella marina and the Montezuma's frog Lithobates montezumae, and most studies have focused on describing the helminth fauna of a host species in a particular location or on the description of new helminth species. The highest proportion of records corresponds to the Veracruzan biogeographic province, and helminth richness is significantly correlated with host richness and with total amphibian richness by biogeographic province. Only three provinces (Yucatan Peninsula, Pacific Lowlands, and Baja Californian) have positive, yet still low helminth species discovery effort. Based on our findings, we recommend pursuing research approaches unexplored in Mexico and we provide guidelines to improve research on helminths parasitizing amphibians.
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Cardoso EL, Jesus RF, da Silva-Filho HF, Willkens Y, Santana GL, Santos AN, Santos JN, Melo FTV. DO ENVIRONMENTAL AND HOST VARIABLES INFLUENCE THE PARASITE COMMUNITY OF LEPTODACTYLUS FUSCUS (ANURA: LEPTODACTYLIDAE) IN THE AMAZON REGION? J Parasitol 2021; 107:904-911. [PMID: 34847222 DOI: 10.1645/21-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptodactylus fuscus is a small-sized species widely distributed across South America. However, so far, no works have been addressed to analyze if biotic and abiotic factors may influence the parasite community in this species. Thus, the present work aims to describe the composition and structure of the parasite community and evaluate if biotic and environmental factors correlated to the distribution of the parasite community for this host. We collected 36 L. fuscus specimens from February 2018 to January 2019. The hosts were necropsied, and parasites were collected and identified. To test the effect of environmental variables (temperature, humidity, and precipitation) and morphological characters of the host (snout-vent length and body weight) on helminths of L. fuscus we used a multivariate distance matrix regression (MDMR). We found 10 helminth taxa: Aplectana sp., Aplectana membranosa, Cosmocercidae larvae, Mesocoelium sp., Mesocoelium aff. monas, Mesocoelium aff. sociale, Oswaldocruzia sp., Oxyascaris sp., Ortleppascaris sp. larvae, and Schrankiana formosula. In our study, the helminth community showed an aggregate pattern, and we did not observe a statistically significant correlation of body size and mass of the hosts regarding parasite abundance and richness. Thus, this study represents the first report of M. sociale, A. membranosa, and Ortleppascaris sp. larvae for L. fuscus and new locality reports. We conclude that there is no correlation between variables analyzed and the structure and composition of the parasite community of L. fuscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn L Cardoso
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ronald F Jesus
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Heriberto Figueira da Silva-Filho
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Yuri Willkens
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Gisele L Santana
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana N Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jeannie N Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Francisco T V Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi," Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Augusto Correa, 01, 66075-110, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Rubenina I, Kirjusina M, Ceirans A, Gravele E, Gavarane I, Pupins M, Krasnov BR. Environmental, anthropogenic, and spatial factors affecting species composition and species associations in helminth communities of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex) in Latvia. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3461-3474. [PMID: 34476585 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated factors affecting species composition and patterns of species associations in parasite communities of water frogs (Pelophylax esculentus complex), applying the distance-based redundancy analysis for component communities (assemblages harboured by host populations) and Markov random fields modelling for infracommunities (assemblages harboured by individual hosts), respectively. We asked (a) What are the relative effects of variation in environmental, land use (i.e., anthropogenic), and spatial factors on the variation in the species composition of component communities (i.e., in a locality)? and (b) What is the dominant pattern of species associations in infracommunities (in a host individual), and how do these associations vary along environmental and/or anthropogenic gradients? In component communities, the greatest portion of variation in helminth species composition was explained by the combined effects of space, anthropogenic pressure, and NDVI, with the pure effect of the spatial predictor being much stronger than the effects of the remaining predictors. In infracommunities, the probability of occurrence of some, but not all, helminth species depended on the occurrence of another species, with the numbers of negative and positive co-occurrences being equal. The strength and/or sign of associations of some species pairs were spatially stable, whereas interactions between other species pairs varied along the gradient of the amount of green vegetation, from negative to positive and vice versa. We conclude that the processes in parasite infracommunities and component communities in frogs are intertwined, with both bottom-up and top-down effects acting at different hierarchical scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Rubenina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia.
| | - Muza Kirjusina
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Andris Ceirans
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Evita Gravele
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Inese Gavarane
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Mihails Pupins
- Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Parades Street 1A, Daugavpils, 5401, Latvia
| | - Boris R Krasnov
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
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Oitaven LPC, Barbosa de Moura GJ, Ribeiro FDS, Lisboa EBF, Oliveira JB. Nematodes of Amphisbaena vermicularis Wagler, 1824 (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from Brazilian Atlantic Forest remnants. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1940337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pessoa Cabus Oitaven
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Felipe da Silva Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Elizardo Batista Ferreira Lisboa
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos (LEHP), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Bianque Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal (PPGBA), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia (LAPAR), Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
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Willkens Y, Furtado AP, Santos JND, Melo FTV. Do host habitat use and cospeciation matter in the evolution of Oswaldocruzia (Nematoda, Molineidae) from neotropical amphibians? J Helminthol 2021; 95:e33. [PMID: 34227463 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X21000250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The genus Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 includes approximately 90 species that are parasitic on amphibians and reptiles around the world, of which 43 occur in the neotropical region. However, molecular data supporting the taxonomic status of most species of the genus are scarce, and their phylogenetic relationships remain unknown. Using specimens of four molineid taxa (Oswaldocruzia belenensis Santos, Giese, Maldonado Jr. and Lanfredi, 2008; Oswaldocruzia chabaudi Ben Slimane & Durette-Desset, 1996, Oswaldocruzia chambrieri Ben Slimane & Durette-Desset, 1996 and Kentropyxia hylae Feitosa, Furtado, Santos and Melo, 2015) from amphibian hosts collected in different regions of Pará, Brazil, we conducted morphological studies, molecular analyses and phylogenies (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) using the cytochrome c oxidase subunity I (Cox1) gene. The newly generated sequences were compared with those of ten publicly available Cox1 sequences of Oswaldocruzia from Mexico. Our findings demonstrated significant differences between the sequences of amazonian specimens and sequences from specimens collected in Mexico, and we suggest that host-parasite cospeciation or habitat use might be related to molineid evolution in amphibian hosts. Additionally, this work presents new hosts and new geographical records for species of Oswaldocruzia from the neotropics.
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Queiroz MS, Alves PV, López-Hernández D, Anjos LA, Pinto HA. Exploring Neotropical anuran parasites: a morphological, life cycle and phylogenetic study of Catadiscus marinholutzi (Trematoda: Diplodiscidae). Parasitology 2021; 148:798-808. [PMID: 33593464 PMCID: PMC11010121 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amphistome species belonging to the genus Catadiscus are poorly studied intestinal trematodes found primarily in Neotropical anurans. Herein, developmental stages of an amphistome species found during herpetological and malacological surveys in a temporary marsh pond from Brazil were subjected to morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular analyses. Adult parasites recovered from anurans were identified as Catadiscus marinholutzi. Amphistome cercariae found in the planorbid snails Drepanotrema depressissimum and Drepanotrema lucidum from the same waterbody were used for experimental and molecular studies. Immature parasites, morphologically compatible with members of Catadiscus, were experimentally obtained in laboratory-reared tadpoles. Sequencing of a partial region of 28S rDNA gene of both adult and cercariae revealed 100% similarity between these developmental stages, confirming their conspecificity. Phylogenetic analyses were attempted for the first time to reveal the position of a species of Catadiscus in the superfamily Paramphistomoidea. Catadiscus marinholutzi falls in a virtual polytomy together with other paramphistomoids, which leaves its phylogenetic relationships within the group unclear. Moreover, the high genetic divergence to Diplodiscus spp. (10.06–10.84%) cast doubts on the placement of Catadiscus within Diplodiscidae. Hence the species composition of the Diplodiscidae should be re-evaluated in further studies using a broader spectrum of related taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo S. Queiroz
- Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Postal Code 18618-970, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Philippe V. Alves
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Anjos
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Passeio Monção 226, Postal Code 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, SP, Brazil
| | - Hudson A. Pinto
- Departmento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, Postal Code 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Müller MI, Emmerich E, de Alcantara EP, Ungari LP, Ebert MB, Morais DH, O'Dwyer LH, da Silva RJ. First molecular assessment of two digenean parasites of the lancehead snake Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 (Serpentes, Viperidae) in Brazil. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:971-7. [PMID: 33409642 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Two digenean species, Infidum infidum Faria, 1910 (Dicrocoeliidae) and Travtrema stenocotyle Cohn, 1902 (Plagiorchiidae), were collected in the large pit viper Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 from Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Cisalpina, municipality of Brasilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. In this study, we provide the first molecular characterisation using the 28S rDNA and phylogenetic position data of these two common digeneans from B. moojeni. The molecular framework revealed topologies with strongly supported clades using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, positioned I. infidum among Plagiorchiidae and not among Dicrocoeliidae as expected and T. stenocotyle (Plagiorchiidae) surprisingly grouped as a sister group to Allassogonoporidae, Microphallidae, Pleurogenidae, and Prosthogonimidae, not related to plagiorchids. Our molecular phylogenetic data showed that these species may not correspond to their assigned families and encourage future studies on the systematic of these understudied groups.
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Euclydes L, Dudczak AC, Campião KM. Anuran's habitat use drives the functional diversity of nematode parasite communities. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:993-1001. [PMID: 33409644 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes responsible for structuring communities has been a challenge in ecology, and parasite communities are an excellent system to address this issue. The use of different diversity metrics can help us to understand the determinants of the structure of parasite communities, and in this sense, functional diversity indexes make it possible to measure the variability of organism traits in communities. In this study, we investigate how host body size and habitat use influence the functional diversity of nematode parasite infracommunities. We collected and examined 213 individuals of 11 species of anurans in an area of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, calculated Rao's quadratic entropy as a measure of functional diversity of parasite infracommunities, and tested if this index was related to host body size and habitat use with an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Anuran species varied in body size (from 1.80 to 10.35 cm) and habit use (arboreal, terrestrial, and semiaquatic), and in the functional diversity of parasite infracommunities (Rao's quadratic entropy ranged from 0 to 0.196). We observed that anurans with larger body size and terrestrial habit showed significantly greater functional diversity of parasites. We conclude that anuran characteristics drive the functional diversity of nematode parasite communities, and highlight the importance of using different diversity metrics to understand the determinants in the host-parasite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Euclydes
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Caroline Dudczak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Karla Magalhães Campião
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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Mascarenhas W, Oliveira CR, Benício RA, Ávila RW, Ribeiro SC. Nematodes of Proceratophrys ararype (Anura: Odontophrynidae), an endemic frog from the Araripe Plateau, northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2020-1164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Parasites are an important component of the global biomass, having significant roles in several regulatory mechanisms in the ecosystem. Parasitism is one of the most common ecological interactions on the planet. Studies have shown that the helminth fauna of only 8% of amphibian species in Brazil have been studied, and this percentage is lower for the Odontophrynidae family, with only four of the 50 species kown to occur in Brazil having been investigated. Here, we present the helminth fauna of Proceratophrys ararype, an anuran endemic to the “Brejo de Altitude” Chapada do Araripe (Araripe Plateau), northeastern Brazil. The infection parameters analyzed were prevalence, mean intensity of infection and mean abundance of parasites. We used the Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient to check the correlations between the abundance of the parasites with the snout-vent length (SVL) of hosts. To verify the degree of aggregation of parasites in hosts, we used the dispersion index. Out of 40 specimens examined, 19 specimens were infected with at least one parasite. The overall prevalence was 47.5% with a mean infection intensity of 18.93 ± 10.77. The endoparasitic community associated with P. ararype consisted of six species of parasites, with Falcaustra mascula having the highest prevalence (25%). Most parasites had a uniform dispersion index in the hosts and their abundance was unrelated to host size. Here, we also present a compilation of all parasites associated with host species of the genus Proceratophrys from South America. Overall, we found 23 species of parasites associated with five host species (P. ararype, P. appendiculata, P. boiei, P. cristiceps, P. mantiqueira). Of these, two species of parasites (Oswaldocruzia mazzai and Strongyloides sp.) represent new records for the genus Proceratophrys. Our results demonstrate the lack of studies on amphibian helminth fauna and fill an important knowledge gap on the diversity of parasites of Proceratophrys ararype, an endemic frog from the Araripe Plateau, northeastern Brazil.
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Oliveira-Souza AE, Salviano Santana MM, Dos Santos Reis T, Costa-Campos CE, Albuquerque de Miranda C, Melo FTV. Helminth Parasites and Diet of Leptodactylus Petersii (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Amapá State, Eastern Amazon, Brazil. Helminthologia 2020; 57:388-93. [PMID: 33364908 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2020-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptodactylus petersii is a species of anuran found in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats and occurs from South America to southern North America and the West Indies. Studies involving the fauna of anuran parasites offer complementary information related to ecology. Thus, since there are few studies on the natural history of this species, this research aims to analyze the diet and the presence of endoparasitic helminths of Leptodactylus petersii from the state of Amapá, Brazil. We found 10 different taxonomic categories of prey in stomach contents, with the categories Hymenoptera (Formicidae) with 32.26 % (n = 12) being the most representative. Among the 12 individuals of L. petersii that were analyzed for helminth parasites, 83.3 % were infected with at least one species of helminths allocated to Phylum Nematoda. Our results report a new occurrence site for Rhabdias breviensis, originally described for Leptodactylus petersii in the state of Pará, as well as the second report of Ortleppascaris sp. in Brazil.
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Morais D, Müller M, Melo F, Aguiar A, Willkens Y, de Sousa Silva C, Giese E, Ávila R, da Silva RJ. A new species of Rhabdias (Nematoda: Rhabdiasidae), a lung parasite of Pseudopaludicola pocoto (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from north-eastern Brazil: description and phylogenetic analyses. J Helminthol 2020; 94. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x20000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Rhabdias pocoto n. sp. is herein described from the lungs of the swamp frog Pseudopaludicola pocoto Magalhães, Loebmann, Nogueira, Kokubum, Baptista, Haddad & Garda, 2014, from the Caatinga biome in the state of Ceará, in north-eastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by a body that dilates posteriorly, six small lips (protuberances) and two rounded lateral expansions of cuticular inflation on the anterior end, each containing an amorphous gland-like structure inside and a short and conical tail. Additionally, molecular analysis and comparison of the partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I sequence of R. pocoto n. sp. revealed genetic divergence between the new species and the sequences of Rhabdias spp. previously deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis grouped the new taxon into the R. pseudosphaerocephala species complex + R. glaurungi clade. The new discovery represents the 19th species of Rhabdias spp. described in the Neotropical region, the ninth in Brazil and the first species of Rhabdias found parasitizing South American frogs of the genus Pseudopaludicola, as well as the first Caatinga biome species of Rhabdias.
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Dos Santos Mesquita JM, de Oliveira SS, Perez R, Ávila RW. Helminths associated with Norops fuscoauratus (Squamata, Dactyloidae) in highland marshes of the Brazilian semi-arid. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e153. [PMID: 32390581 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X20000358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Helminthological studies may contribute with valuable information on host biology and conservation. Herein, we provide new data on helminths infecting the lizard Norops fuscoauratus, testing one of the factors considered most important in parasitic ecology: host size. We analysed 25 specimens of N. fuscoauratus from three highland marshes in the Brazilian semi-arid. Eight taxa of helminths belonging to Nematoda, Trematoda and Acanthocephala were found. Physaloptera sp. showed the higher prevalence (40%), with a mean intensity of infection of 3.3 ± 1.46 (1-16) and mean abundance 1.32 ± 0.65 (0-16). Norops fuscoauratus represents four new host records for the helminths Cyrtosomum sp., Pharyngodon travassosi, Strongyloides sp. and Centrorhynchus sp. There is no relationship of host body size (P = 0.79) and mass (P = 0.50) with parasite richness. In addition, the present study contributes to the knowledge of the parasitic fauna of N. fuscoauratus and the Neotropical region.
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Araujo Filho JA, Teixeira AAM, Teles DA, Rocha SM, Almeida WO, Mesquita DO, Lacerda ACF. Using lizards to evaluate the influence of average abundance on the variance of endoparasites in semiarid areas: dispersion and assemblage structure. J Helminthol 2020; 94:e121. [PMID: 31964431 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X19001147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of parasites within host populations and communities, and the mechanisms responsible for these patterns, are poorly understood aspects of wildlife parasitology. Here, we evaluate the influence of the average abundance of endoparasite variance, using endoparasites of lizards from the Caatinga domain (semiarid region), north-eastern Brazil. We hypothesized that, due to the high number of generalist endoparasite species, they may occur randomly throughout host populations in an aggregate pattern. In addition, we evaluated the degree to which sample variance is influenced by the average abundance of endoparasite species, patterns of co-occurrence and dominance among endoparasite species and similarities between abundance and the richness of endoparasite infracommunities in several host species. Between September 2015 and February 2016, 2141 lizards (1233 infected) from 16 species were collected from six Caatinga areas. In total, 25,687 endoparasites were collected, which belonged to 13 species including nematodes, pentastomids, cestodes, trematodes and acanthocephalans. Parasite-host associations documented here included 39 newly identified interactions. Endoparasites occurred in a typical aggregate pattern of distribution within their hosts; there was no measurable preference related to the acquisition of hosts by endoparasites. Despite the new records, endoparasites found were commonly associated with lizards in Caatinga environments, which may reflect fauna composed of generalist endoparasite species.
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DRAGHI REGINA, DRAGO FABIANAB, LUNASCHI LÍAI. A new species of Cosmocercoides (Nematoda; Cosmocercidae) and other helminths in Leptodactylus latrans (Anura; Leptodactylidae) from Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20180499. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020180499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- REGINA DRAGHI
- Museo de La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
| | - FABIANA B. DRAGO
- Museo de La Plata, Argentina; Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas, Argentina
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du Preez LH, Domingues MV. Polystoma knoffi n. sp. and Polystoma travassosi n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae): naming museum-archived specimens from Brazil. Syst Parasitol 2019; 96:10.1007/s11230-019-09890-8. [PMID: 31713711 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-019-09890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In 1978, Kohn and co-workers deposited several polystome (Monogenea) specimens infecting several Brazilian anurans [Trachycephalus mesophaeus (Hensel), T. nigromaculatus Tschudi and Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti)] within the Helminthological Collection of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil. No specimen was formally described but we herein identified three morphotypes and formally describe two of them (Polystoma knoffi n. sp. and P. tavassosi n. sp.). These are respectively the 12th and 13th species of Polystoma described from South America. For both species, the intestine forms a reticulated network, a characteristic unique to most Neotropical species of Polystoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Heyns du Preez
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa.
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Grahamstown, 6139, South Africa.
| | - Marcus Vinicius Domingues
- Laboratório de Sistemática e Coevolução, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros, Universidade Federal do Pará, Campus Universitário de Bragança, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro s/n, Bragança, PA, 68600-000, Brazil
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Amorim DM, Ávila RW. Infection Patterns of Helminths in Norops Brasiliensis (Squamata, Dactyloidae) from a Humid Forest, Northeastern Brazil and their Relation with Body Mass, Sex, Host Size, and Season. Helminthologia 2019; 56:168-74. [PMID: 31662688 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic and ecological factors can influence the parasite load of a host. Variation in rainfall, body size, and sex of the hosts may be related to the abundance of parasites. This study investigated the helminth fauna associated with a population of Norops brasiliensis, together with the effect of host biology (sex, body size, and mass) and variation in rainfall regime on the abundance of helminths. Species of three groups of endoparasites were found (Nematoda, Cestoda, and Trematoda), with nematodes as the most representative taxa with eight species, prevalence of 63.2 %, mean intensity of 4.0 ± 0.58 (1 – 25), and mean abundance of 2.66 ± 0.44 (0 – 25). Nine helminth species are new host records for N. brasiliensis. The nematode Rhabdias sp. had the highest prevalence (53.3 %). There was no signifi cant relationship between abundance of the trematode Mesocoelium monas and host sex or season, although the abundance of this parasite increased significantly with host body size and mass, while abundance of nematodes was related to season and host mass. This study increases the knowledge about the diversity of helminth fauna associated with N. brasiliensis, revealing infection levels of hosts from northeastern Brazil.
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Amorim DM, Perez R, Ávila RW, De Moura GJB. Diet and parasitism in Leposternon polystegum(Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae) from coastal areas in the Brazilian Northeast. J NAT HIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2019.1667038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darciane Maria Amorim
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos do Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Brasil, Recife, Brasil
| | - Renata Perez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Robson Waldemar Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Laboraotóorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri – URCA, Crato, Brasil
| | - Geraldo Jorge Barbosa De Moura
- Laboratório de Estudos Herpetológicos e Paleoherpetológicos do Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Brasil, Recife, Brasil
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González CE, Gómez VI, Hamann MI. Morphological variation of Aplectana hylambatis (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from different anuran hosts and localities in Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2019; 91:e20171028. [PMID: 31482992 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201920171028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplectana hylambatis is a nematode with a wide geographic distribution and low host specificity. In spite of numerous reports, until this moment, the morphological variations between different hosts and localities have not been studied. We studied 401 specimens collected from five host species from seven localities in Argentina, and examined the following morphological characters: mamelon-like cuticular protuberances anterior to the vulva, structure of the gubernaculum and the spicules, number and arrangement of caudal papillae, and the measurements of twelve characters in females and eleven characters in males. The results showed that mamelon-like protuberances and caudal papillae varied in number and arrangement between different hosts and localities. The metrical study revealed that five characters in males and six in females contributed to variability; nine characters showed significant differences between host species and localities. Specimens of A. hylambatis collected from R. arenarum formed a group clearly differentiated from the rest of the specimens. The results from this study highlight the importance of examining as many specimens as possible from different host samples and from several localities to cover the intraspecific variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthya E González
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral/CECOAL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET-UNNE, Ruta Provincial Número 5, Km 2.5, W 3400 AMD Corrientes, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Valeria I Gómez
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral/CECOAL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET-UNNE, Ruta Provincial Número 5, Km 2.5, W 3400 AMD Corrientes, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Monika I Hamann
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral/CECOAL, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas/ CONICET-UNNE, Ruta Provincial Número 5, Km 2.5, W 3400 AMD Corrientes, Provincia de Corrientes, Argentina
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Costa‐Pereira
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rio Claro Brazil
- McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | | | - Franco L. Souza
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - Travis Ingram
- Department of Zoology University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
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Silva CDS, Ávila RW, Morais DH. Helminth Community Dynamics in a Population of Pseudopaludicola Pocoto (Leptodactylidae: Leiuperinae) from Northeast-Brazilian. Helminthologia 2018; 55:292-305. [PMID: 31662661 PMCID: PMC6662005 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2018-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Climatic variation in low latitudes influences the dynamics and structure of parasite communities. Environmental changes caused by dry and rainy seasons alter prevalence and abundance of endoparasite communities. In addition to providing a list of the helminth species associated with the swamp frog Pseudopaludicola pocoto, this study aimed to investigate the effects of rainfall and temperature on parasitological descriptors of helminths associated with P. pocoto in an area of the semiarid zone. A total of 817 swamp frog specimens were collected between 2013 and 2017, with four sampling expeditions during the dry season and four during the rainy season. Environmental parameters of temperature and rainfall were compared to the parasitological descriptors of prevalence, abundance and mean infection intensity of the parasite community using a multivariate linear regression. A richness of eight parasite species was identified, including Nematoda (Rhabdias sp., Cosmocerca parva, Oxyascaris oxyascaris, Physaloptera sp., Brevimulticaecum sp., Spiroxys sp. and unidentified nematode) and Acanthocephala (cystacanths). Rainfall levels had a significant effect on the infection intensity of Rhabdias sp. being the presence of this species higher during the rainy season, whereas no influence of temperature was observed on the helminth community.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. De S. Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R. W. Ávila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - D. H. Morais
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz Pimenta 1161, Campus do Pimenta, CEP 63105-000, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), PA 275, km 13, zona Rural. CEP 68515-000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
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Campião KM, Dantas SP, Tavares HD, Martins JK, Oda FH. Dwarf vs giant: An unexpected interaction between a small treefrog and a large nematode. Food Webs 2018; 17:e00102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fooweb.2018.e00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Costa HC, Santana DJ. The dangers of inadequate literature search to nomenclatural stability: the case of the nomina Hyla quoyi Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1828 and Hyla prasina Burmeister, 1856 (Amphibia: Anura). ZOOSYSTEMA 2018. [DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique C. Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, 31270-90, MG (Brazil)
| | - Diego J. Santana
- Laboratório de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS (Brazil)
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Alcantara EP, Ferreira-Silva C, Silva LAF, Lins AGS, Ávila RW, Morais DH, da Silva RJ. Helminths ofDermatonotus muelleri(Anura: Microhylidae) from Northeastern Brazil. J Parasitol 2018; 104:550-556. [DOI: 10.1645/16-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. P. Alcantara
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Bento Lopes, sem número, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-970, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - C. Ferreira-Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Bento Lopes, sem número, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-970, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - L. A. F. Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Bento Lopes, sem número, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-970, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - A. G. S. Lins
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Bento Lopes, sem número, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-970, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - R. W. Ávila
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antonio Luiz, 1161, Bairro do Pimenta, 63105-100, Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - D. H. Morais
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), PA 275, Km 13, Zona Rural, CEP 68515-000, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil
| | - R. J. da Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Biociências, Campus de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Avenida Bento Lopes, sem número, Distrito de Rubião Junior, CEP 18618-970, Caixa Postal 510, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Larrat YM, de Vasconcelos Melo FT, Furo Gomes TF, Wilkens Y, Nascimento Dos Santos J. Oswaldocruzia lanfrediae n. sp. (Strongylida: Molineidae), a parasite of Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Brazil. Syst Parasitol 2018; 95:871-879. [PMID: 30128687 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-018-9814-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leptodactylus paraensis Heyer, is a Neotropical anuran species that inhabits Rainforest habitats in the eastern Amazon, but because it has only been recently separated from the Leptodactylus pentadactylus (Laurenti) species group, little is known about its helminth fauna. This study describes a new species of Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917 and records the first occurrence of this genus parasitising L. paraensis and the second species for the Caxiuanã National Forest in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Oswaldocruzia lanfrediae n. sp. is characterised by having an anterior extremity with a smooth cephalic vesicle divided into two portions, a claviform oesophagus, well-developed cuticular longitudinal ridges and lateral alae. Females have a well-developed ovojector, with didelphic and amphidelphic uteri. Males show complex robust spicules divided into a slightly curved shoe, a bifurcated fork and a blade terminating in 2-3 processes. The new species differs from its congeners especially regarding the lateral alae and the morphology of the spicules, in addition to morphometric characters such as body size, oesophagus length, deirid position, nerve-ring position and relative position of the vulva in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago Moises Larrat
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profª. Drª. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profª. Drª. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Tássia Fernanda Furo Gomes
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profª. Drª. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Yuri Wilkens
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profª. Drª. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology "Profª. Drª. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi", Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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Müller MI, Morais DH, Costa-Silva GJ, Aguiar A, Ávila RW, da Silva RJ. Diversity in the genusRhabdias(Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae): Evidence for cryptic speciation. ZOOL SCR 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Müller
- Department of Parasitology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Drausio H. Morais
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA); Parauapebas Pará Brazil
| | - Guilherme J. Costa-Silva
- Department of Morphology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
- Universidade Santo Amaro, Rua Prof. Enéas de Siqueira Neto, Jardim das Imbuias; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Aline Aguiar
- Department of Parasitology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Robson W. Ávila
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Herpetologia; Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA); Crato Ceará Brazil
| | - Reinaldo J. da Silva
- Department of Parasitology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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Teles DA, Brito SV, Filho JAA, Ribeiro SC, Teixeira A, Mesquita DO, Almeida WO. Nematodes of the Rhinella granulosa Spix, 1824 (Anura: Bufonidae) from the Semiarid Northeastern Caatinga Region of Brazil. COMP PARASITOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1654/1525-2647-85.2.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diêgo A. Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Samuel V. Brito
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Boa Vista, CEP 65500-000. Chapadinha, MA, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - João A. Araujo Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Samuel C. Ribeiro
- Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus Brejo Santo, Ceará, Brazil. (e-mail: )
| | - Adonias A. M. Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Daniel O. Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Cidade Universitária, Campus I, CEP 58059-900, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil (e-mail: )
| | - Waltécio O. Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri, Rua Cel. Antônio Luiz, 1161, Campus do Pimenta, 63105-000, Crato, CE, Brazil (e-mail: )
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Santos JC, Tarvin RD, O'Connell LA, Blackburn DC, Coloma LA. Diversity within diversity: Parasite species richness in poison frogs assessed by transcriptomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 125:40-50. [PMID: 29551526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Symbionts (e.g., endoparasites and commensals) play an integral role in their host's ecology, yet in many cases their diversity is likely underestimated. Although endoparasites are traditionally characterized using morphology, sequences of conserved genes, and shotgun metagenomics, host transcriptomes constitute an underused resource to identify these organisms' diversity. By isolating non-host transcripts from host transcriptomes, individual host tissues can now simultaneously reveal their endoparasite species richness (i.e., number of different taxa) and provide insights into parasite gene expression. These approaches can be used in host taxa whose endoparasites are mostly unknown, such as those of tropical amphibians. Here, we focus on the poison frogs (Dendrobatidae) as hosts, which are a Neotropical clade known for their bright coloration and defensive alkaloids. These toxins are an effective protection against vertebrate predators (e.g., snakes and birds), bacteria, and skin-biting ectoparasites (e.g., mosquitoes); however, little is known about their deterrence against eukaryotic endoparasites. With de novo transcriptomes of dendrobatids, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline for endoparasite identification that uses host annotated RNA-seq data and set of a priori parasite taxonomic terms, which are used to mine for specific endoparasites. We found a large community of helminths and protozoans that were mostly restricted to the digestive tract and a few systemic parasites (e.g., Trypanosoma). Contrary to our expectations, all dendrobatid frogs regardless of the presence of alkaloid defenses have endoparasites, with their highest species richness located in the frog digestive tract. Some of these organisms (e.g., roundworms) might prove to be generalists, as they were not found to be co-diversifying with their frog hosts. We propose that endoparasites may escape poison frogs' chemical defenses by colonizing tissues with fewer alkaloids than the frog's skin, where most toxins are stored.
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Santos TAP, Argolo EGG, Santos AN, Rodrigues ARO, Gonzaléz CE, Santos JN, Melo FTV. A new species of Parapharyngodon Chatterji, 1933 (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae), parasitic in Osteocephalus taurinus (Anura: Hylidae) from Brazil. J Helminthol 2019; 93:220-5. [PMID: 29455691 DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X18000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parapharyngodon politoedi n. sp. is described here, based on specimens found in the large intestines of Osteocephalus taurinus from the Caxiuanã National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil. The new species is assigned to Parapharyngodon based on the presence of non-embryonated eggs with sub-terminal opercula, when in the ovijector. Parapharyngodon politoedi belongs to a group of species with three pairs of cloacal papillae and differs from its congeners by morphometric aspects, such as the length of the spicule, and the combination of the following morphological characters: ovaries never encircling the oesophagus, tail shape in females, cloacal lips, sharply pointed spicule and presence of genital cone. This is the second species of nematode reported to parasitize O. taurinus and the eleventh species of Parapharyngodon from hylids in the Neotropical region.
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Cabral ADN, Teles DA, Brito SV, Almeida WDO, Dos Anjos LA, Guarnieri MC, Ribeiro SC. Helminth parasites of Mabuya arajara Rebouças-Spieker, 1981 (Lacertilia: Mabuyidae) from Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:1185-1193. [PMID: 29435716 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We provide data on the helminth fauna from the digestive tract of the lizard Mabuya arajara Rebouças-Spieker, 1981 from Chapada do Araripe, northeastern Brazil. Seventy one of the 127 lizards examined (56%) were infected with four nematode species: Physalopteroides venancioi and Physaloptera sp. (Physalopteridae), Strongyluris oscari (Heterakidae), and Parapharyngodon alvarengai (Pharyngodonidae), the latter being the component species (prevalence 53.5%; mean intensity of infection 3.37 ± 2.0; discrepancy index D = 0.69). The helminth P. alvarengai infected M. arajara throughout the year and showed increased infection rates in July, at the beginning of the dry season. In addition to the relationship with seasonality, lizards with greater body length and/or body mass were more infected. Relationships between number of parasites and body mass and with the sexes of lizards, on the other hand, were not found. Mabuya arajara represents a new host for these nematodes. This study contributes to the knowledge of the helminth fauna associated with the digestive tract of lizards from South America and the Caatinga domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur do Nascimento Cabral
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50760-420, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50760-420, Brazil.
| | - Diego Alves Teles
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa-PB, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Samuel Vieira Brito
- Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), Chapadinha, MA, CEP 65500-000, Brazil
| | - Waltécio de Oliveira Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil
| | - Luciano Alves Dos Anjos
- Campus de Ilha Solteira, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Míriam Camargo Guarnieri
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, CEP 50760-420, Brazil
| | - Samuel Cardozo Ribeiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioprospecção Molecular, Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, CE, Brazil.,Instituto de Formação de Educadores, Universidade Federal do Cariri (UFCA), Campus Brejo Santo, CE, CEP 63260-000, Brazil
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Dos Santos AN, de Oliveira Rodrigues AR, Dos Santos Rocha FJ, Dos Santos JN, González CE, de Vasconcelos Melo FT. Neocosmocercella fisherae n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae), a parasite of the large intestine of Phyllomedusa bicolor (Boddaert) (Anura: Phyllomedusidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. Syst Parasitol 2017; 95:293-300. [PMID: 29230677 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-017-9770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neocosmocercella fisherae n. sp. is the first nematode species found parasitising Phyllomedusa bicolor from the Brazilian Amazon Region. The new species has a triangular oral opening, with bi-lobed lips, and is distinguished from N. bakeri (triangular oral opening with simple lips), and from N. paraguayensis (hexagonal oral opening with bi-lobed lips). Additionally, the new species has ciliated cephalic papillae, which are absent in the other species of the genus. The reduced uterine sac and the presence of a single egg in the uterus in females are the main morphological characters that differentiate the new species from its congeners N. bakeri (8-10 eggs) and N. paraguayensis (10 eggs, based on the allotype). Additionally, the new species differs from the other two species of the genus by morphometric characters such as the size of spicules and gubernaculum in males and the vagina in females. Until now, phyllomedusid anurans are the only known hosts for the nematodes of this genus. The present work describes the third species of the genus and the first species of nematode parasitising P. bicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Nunes Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa Dra Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi" Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Allan Rodrigo de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa Dra Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi" Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Fábio José Dos Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa Dra Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi" Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Jeannie Nascimento Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa Dra Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi" Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Cynthya Elizabeth González
- Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral (CECOAL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ruta Provincial Número 5, km 2,5, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Helmintologia "Profa Dra Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi" Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil.
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