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Danes D, Vaishnav J, Pillai L, Singh A, Balakrishnan S. Embryonic exposure to flubendiamide induces hepatotoxicity in domestic chicks by altering drug-metabolizing enzymes, antioxidant status, and liver function. Toxicol Rep 2024; 13:101697. [PMID: 39131694 PMCID: PMC11314886 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Pesticides have increased crop yield but severely impacted ecosystems and non-target organisms. Flubendiamide, a new generation pesticide, targets insect larvae but also affects non-target organisms. This study examines the effects of lowest observed effect concentration of technical grade flubendiamide (0.5 µg/µL) flubendiamide on chick liver, focusing on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme expression, oxidative stress, and liver damage. Chick embryos treated with flubendiamide showed significant alterations in CYP mRNA and protein levels, indicating increased toxicant accumulation. Elevated CYP3A4, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19 levels were noted, suggesting enhanced biotransformation and detoxification processes. However, increased oxidative byproducts led to oxidative stress, as evidenced by decreased glutathione (GSH) levels and elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities. DCFDA staining confirmed increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, indicating heightened reactive oxygen species (ROS). Liver function tests revealed significant increases in serum ALP, ALT, and AST levels, indicating acute liver damage. Histopathological analysis showed structural liver damage, including expanded sinusoidal spaces, impaired portal veins, and compromised hepatocyte architecture. These findings underscore flubendiamide's potential hepatotoxicity in non-target organisms, emphasizing the need for cautious pesticide use to minimize environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Danes
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
- Department of Zoology, Union Christian College, Aluva, Kerala 683102, India
| | - Juhi Vaishnav
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Lakshmi Pillai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Anjali Singh
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Suresh Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
- Dr. Vikram Sarabhai Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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Vanli S, Kurtoglu F, Alan BS, Akcakavak G, Ozdemir O. Investigation of the effects of Theranekron and Sorafenib treatments on carcinogenesis, apoptosis and biochemical profile in hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2024; 34:750-760. [PMID: 38577837 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2332909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Tarantula cubensis alcohol extract (TCAE, Theranekron) and Sorafenib (S) treatments on carcinogenesis, apoptosis and biochemical profile of rats with experimentally induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the presented study, 58 male rats were divided into 7 groups; Negative Control (NC, n = 6), NC + TCAE (NCT, n = 6), NC + Sorafenib (NCS, n = 6), Positive Control (PC, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE (PCT, n = 10), Positive Control + Sorafenib (PCS, n = 10), Positive Control + TCAE + Sorafenib (PCTS, n = 10). The active ingredients Diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 120 mg/kg, single dose) and Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR, 50 ppm, 21 weeks orally) were used to induce HCC in rats. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized under appropriate conditions and samples were collected for biochemical and pathological investigations. In the PC group, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels were higher (p < 0.001) and urea levels were lower (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. Treatment groups reorganized the relevant markers (ALT, AST, GGT, and urea). A significant increase was detected in Caspase-10, Caspase-3 and Granzyme-B (GrzB) (p < 0.001) in blood and Caspase-10 and GrzB (p < 0.05) in liver tissue in PCT, PCS and PCTS groups compared to the PC group. Histopathological examination revealed that the PC group showed cancer morphology, and the treatment groups caused a decrease in tumor incidence and size. Our current findings suggest that the mechanism of action of TCAE in HCC is through the NKs/CTLs-GrzB-Casp10-Casp3 signaling pathway and can be used in combination with chemotherapy drugs for the development of future drug designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Vanli
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilgin District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Konya, Turkey
| | - Firuze Kurtoglu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Beyza S Alan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Akcakavak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Ozdemir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Chiang HC, Wu IC. Useful biomarkers for predicting poor prognosis of patients with drug-induced liver injury: A retrospective cohort study. Am J Med Sci 2024:S0002-9629(24)01412-5. [PMID: 39182648 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2024.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) plays an important role in liver failure and causes mortality. Patients with DILI compatible with Hy's law are associated with poorer outcomes. However, the predictive accuracy of Hy's law is not good enough in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the optimal values of biomarkers associated with the prognosis of DILI. METHODS From June 1, 2014-May 30, 2022, patients with reported DILI were included. Patients' characteristics, drugs, DILI type, liver enzymes, and comorbidities were assessed. The associations with DILI-related comorbidities and survival were analyzed. RESULTS Ninety-five DILI patients were enrolled, 5 patients died of liver failure, and 23 patients died within 56 weeks after DILI. This study found that 15 mg/dL of total bilirubin, 1000 U/L of ALT, and 2 of PT-INR were optimal cut-off values in predicting DILI-related mortality. For the overall survival, patients with sepsis (HR:5.053, 95% CI:1.594-16.018, p = 0.006), malignancy (HR:4.371, 95% CI:1.573-12.147, p = 0.005), or end-stage renal disease (HR:7.409, 95% CI:1.404-39.103, p = 0.018) were independent poor prognostic factors in multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Total bilirubin >15 mg/dL, ALT >1000 U/L, and PT-INR >2 are useful biomarkers in predicting DILI-related mortality. DILI patients with sepsis, malignancy, or end-stage renal disease are associated with worse overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Chien Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - I-Chin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Li G, Wang H, Yang J, Qiu Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Yan H, He D. The protective effects of Lactobacillus SNK-6 on growth, organ health, and intestinal function in geese exposed to low concentration Aflatoxin B1. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103904. [PMID: 38880050 PMCID: PMC11228886 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent mycotoxin present in feed ingredients. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus salivarius (L. salivarius) on the Landes geese exposed to AFB1. The 300 one-day-old Landes geese were randomly divided into five groups: The control group received a basic diet, while the other groups were fed a basic diet supplemented with 10 μg/kg AFB1, 10 μg/kg AFB1+ 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius, 50 μg/kg AFB1, and 50 μg/kg AFB1 + 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius for 63 d. Results showed that high level AFB1 exposure significantly decreased final BW and ADG, increased feed/gain ratio (F/G) and liver index (P < 0.05). L. salivarius improved levels of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-12 under low level of AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05), along with similar trends observed in serum IgA, IgG, IgM, T3, T4, TNF-ɑ, and EDT (P < 0.05). AFB1 exposure reduced jejunum villus high and villus high/crypt depth ratio, and suppressed expression of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 mRNA, and significant improved with L. salivarius supplementation under low level AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). AFB1 significantly increased expression levels of TLR3 and NF-kB1, with supplementation of L. salivarius showing significant improvement under low AFB1 exposure (P < 0.05). Cecal microbiota sequencing revealed that under low level AFB1 exposure, supplementation with L. salivarius increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Lactococcus. In summary, supplementation with 4*108 cfu/g L. salivarius under 10 μg/kg AFB1 exposure improved growth performance and immune capacity, enhanced jejunum morphology, reduced liver inflammation, altered the cecal microbial structure, and positively affected the growth and development of geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangquan Li
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Junhua Yang
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Zhi Qiu
- Institute for Agricultural Food Standard and Testing, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Xianze Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Daqian He
- Institute of Agricultural Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China.
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Xu Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Guo L, Zhao X, Dong M, Wen J, Wu Z, Li C, Mu W, Guo Y, Bai Z, Xiao X. New compatible pair of TCM: Paeoniae Radix Alba effectively alleviate Psoraleae Fructus-induced liver injury by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34591. [PMID: 39130485 PMCID: PMC11315180 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Drug-induced liver injury (DILI), a type of acute inflammation, has sparked significant concern owing to its unpredictability and severity. Psoraleae Fructus (PF), an edible Chinese herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), causes liver injury. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism underlying PF-induced liver injury and the search for more effective means of detoxification using herbal compatibility has become an urgent issue. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of Paeoniae Radix Alba (PRA), a hepatoprotective Chinese medicine, on PF-induced liver injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Methods A rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immune stress was established to evaluate the hepatotoxicity of PF and the detoxifying effect of PRA. Subsequently, inflammatory pathways were identified using network pharmacology. Finally, the molecular mechanism by which PRA alleviates PF-induced liver injury was validated using an inflammasome activation model in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Results In vivo, hepatocytes in rats treated with LPS + PF exhibited massive inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis, and the expression of liver injury indicators and inflammatory factors was significantly upregulated, which was reversed by PRA pretreatment. Network pharmacology showed that PRA alleviated PF-induced liver injury and was associated with the NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. Moreover, PF directly induced inflammasome activation in LPS-primed BMDMs which in turn induced caspase-1 activation and the secretion of downstream effector cytokines such as IL-1β. PRA pretreatment inhibited PF-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by mitigating the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS). Conclusions The present study demonstrates that PRA alleviated PF induced-liver injury by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The results of this study are expected to inform the prevention and control of PF-induced hepatotoxicity in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Xu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xianling Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Longxin Guo
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jincai Wen
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chenyi Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Wenqing Mu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhaofang Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiaohe Xiao
- Senior Department of Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- China Military Institute of Chinese Materia, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
- School of Pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100039, China
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Salimi Kenari A, Chalmeh A, Pourjafar M, Mohtashamifar MA, Amirian A, Khedri A. Potential relationships between apelin and metabolic-associated indices in transition dairy cows. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:209. [PMID: 39001990 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-04043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic disorders pose significant challenges in transition dairy cows. Numerous parameters have been investigated in this context, and apelin has recently emerged as a potential metabolic indicator. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the associations between this hormone and other metabolic parameters. Twenty-two adult Holstein-Friesian dairy cows, 21 days before their expected calving date, were selected for blood sampling and serum separation at four time points: 21 and 10 days before calving and 10 and 21 days after parturition. Serum concentrations of apelin, leptin, insulin, cortisol, T3, T4, non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, triglycerides, cholesterol, high, low and very low-density lipoproteins, total, direct and indirect bilirubin were measured in these samples. Surrogate indices for insulin resistance, body condition score, and milk production were also evaluated. Throughout the transition period, a significant increase in apelin levels was observed. Various models were employed to identify associations between apelin and the studied metabolic parameters. Notably, significant correlations between apelin and Leptin, Insulin, Cortisol, T3, T4, NEFA, Cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Total Bilirubin, Direct Bilirubin and Indirect Bilirubin were observed, with some being immediate while others developed over time. These findings indicate a mutual influence between apelin and specific metabolic indices. Changes in any component of the metabolic profile at one stage can lead to alterations in apelin levels in subsequent stages. The correlations uncovered between apelin and other components of the metabolic profile in transitioning dairy cows offer valuable insights, contributing to a better understanding of the potential effects of apelin on the studied indicators and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Salimi Kenari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aliasghar Chalmeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Pourjafar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Armin Amirian
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arash Khedri
- Veterinarian of Iran Dairy Industries Co.; Pegah Fars, Shiraz, Iran
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Duan W, Liu F, Ren Y, Zhang X, Shi JS, Xue Y, Xu ZH, Geng Y. Differences in the Ability of Lactic Acid Bacteria To Prevent Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury via the Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid-Liver Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15265-15275. [PMID: 38918075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics can regulate gut microbiota and protect against acute alcohol-induced liver injury through the gut-liver axis. However, efficacy is strain-dependent, and their mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), including Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E10 (E10), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum M (M), Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG (LGG), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-1 (JN-1), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JN-8 (JN-8), on the prevention of acute alcoholic liver injury in mice. We found that LAB pretreatment reduced serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and reduced hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG). JN-8 pretreatment exhibited superior efficacy in improving hepatic antioxidation. LGG and JN-8 pretreatment significantly attenuated hepatic and colonic inflammation by decreasing the expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and increasing the expression of interleukin 10 (IL-10). JN-1 and JN-8 pretreatments have better preventive effects than other LAB pretreatment on intestinal barrier dysfunction. In addition, the LAB pretreatment improved gut microbial dysbiosis and bile acid (BA) metabolic abnormality. All of the strains were confirmed to have bile salt deconjugation capacities in vitro, where M and JN-8 displayed higher activities. This study provides new insights into the prevention and mechanism of LAB strains in preventing acute alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Duan
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- Wuxi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzheng Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Brewing Technology Innovation Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Manea M, Mărunțelu I, Constantinescu I. A New Assessment of Two Transferase-Based Liver Enzymes in Low- and High-Fibrosis Patients Chronically Infected with Hepatitis B Virus: A Meta-Analysis and Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3903. [PMID: 38999469 PMCID: PMC11242663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The detection of fibrosis remains a necessity for the evaluation of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients, but the most accurate technique is invasive. Current studies aim to develop a novel noninvasive biomarker for fibrosis assessment, but no-one has found the ideal candidate. This study is a meta-analysis combined with a pilot study to investigate the connection between two transferase compounds and the levels of fibrosis. Methods: We studied data from PUBMED, Web of Science, and Scopus, retrieving 28,896 articles. Following PRISMA guidelines, we finally analyzed full-text articles written in English. The excluded items were duplicates, non-article entries, and irrelevant papers. We assessed the variations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels between patients with high and low levels of fibrosis. Joanna Briggs Institute tools were used to assess article quality. We used R 4.2.2 for statistics. The pilot study included 14 randomly chosen patients with different fibrosis levels. Results: We found significant differences in ALT and GGT levels between patients with high and low fibrosis. The GGT/ALT ratio correlated with the levels of fibrosis and the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score. Conclusions: This meta-analysis assessed ALT and GGT levels in chronic HBV patients with fibrosis. The pilot study identified the first association between fibrosis and the GGT/ALT ratio in a Romanian cohort of chronic patients. This brings new ideas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Manea
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ion Mărunțelu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Constantinescu
- Immunology and Transplant Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Centre of Immunogenetics and Virology, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Nitescu GV, Lescaie A, Ilisei I, Ulmeanu A, Baconi L, Craciun D, Chivu CD, Preda DM, Ulmeanu C. Laboratory features in acute paediatric poisoning with liquid laundry detergent capsules: a seven-year retrospective study in Romania. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2024; 62:446-452. [PMID: 38966916 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2024.2370300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of acute poisoning with liquid laundry detergent capsules have been comprehensively reported. However, studies of laboratory test results in these exposures are uncommon. This study analyzed the impact of the ingestion of liquid laundry detergent capsules on admission laboratory tests in paediatric patients. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted in the clinical toxicology unit of a paediatric poison centre between 2015 and 2021. Paediatric patients (less than 18 years of age) who ingested liquid laundry detergent capsules were included. The relationship between the European Association of Poisons Centers and Clinical Toxicologists/European Commission/International Programme on Chemical Safety Poisoning Severity Score and admission laboratory test results was assessed using Fisher's exact test or analysis of variance. RESULTS A total of 156 patients were included in the study. A considerable proportion of patients presented with leucocytosis, acidosis, hyperlactataemia or base deficit. The median values of white blood cell count (P = 0.042), pH (P = 0.022), and base excess (P = 0.013) were significantly different among the Poisoning Severity Score groups. Hyperlactataemia was strongly associated with the Poisoning Severity Score (P = 0.003). DISCUSSION Leucocytosis is a non-specific marker of severity following ingestion of liquid laundry detergent capsules. The incidence of metabolic acidosis and hyperlactataemia was higher in this study than in previous reports, but these metabolic features were not related to the severity of exposure. The exact mechanisms of toxicity are not yet known, but the high concentration of non-ionic and anionic surfactants, as well as propylene glycol and ethanol, in the capsule are likely contributing factors. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric patients who ingest liquid laundry detergent capsules may develop leucocytosis, metabolic acidosis, hyperlactataemia, and a base deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Viorela Nitescu
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Lescaie
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Ilisei
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ulmeanu
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Baconi
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorina Craciun
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Daniela Chivu
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Monica Preda
- Pediatric Outpatient Clinic, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Coriolan Ulmeanu
- Pediatric Poison Center, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Pediatric Poison Center, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Bucharest, Romania
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10
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Çakırköse Ö, Muhtaroğlu A, Kuloglu E. Biochemical Signals of Survival: A Study on Mortality Markers in Coronary Bypass Surgery Patients. Cureus 2024; 16:e65456. [PMID: 39184638 PMCID: PMC11345096 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary bypass surgery remains a cornerstone treatment for advanced coronary artery disease. Identifying reliable predictors of postoperative mortality can significantly enhance patient care and outcomes. This study investigates the prognostic value of preoperative and postoperative amylase levels, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase as mortality markers in coronary bypass surgery patients. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 343 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery. We compared the preoperative and postoperative biochemical markers (amylase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase) of patients who died within the first week post-surgery (n = 52) and those who survived (n = 291). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for categorical variables, t-tests for continuous variables, and receiver operating characteristic analysis for predicting mortality. RESULTS No significant difference was observed in the distribution of blood groups between deceased and surviving patients. However, significant differences were noted in gender distribution and mean ages, with higher mortality observed in older and male patients. Preoperative creatinine levels were significantly higher in patients who died compared to survivors. Postoperatively, deceased patients exhibited significantly higher levels of amylase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that postoperative amylase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase values were good predictors of mortality, with amylase being the most significant predictor. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of biochemical markers, particularly amylase, as predictors of mortality in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. The findings suggest that monitoring and managing amylase, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase levels pre- and post-surgery could improve patient outcomes. This study lays the groundwork for further research into the mechanistic links between these biochemical markers and patient survival, potentially leading to improved prognostic tools and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Çakırköse
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, TUR
| | - Ali Muhtaroğlu
- Department of General Surgery, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, TUR
| | - Ersin Kuloglu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, TUR
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11
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Ahmad S, Akmal H, Ali S, Jafar K, Shoaib M, Shahzadi M, Akram I, Jaffari TS, Ahmad I, Mehmood A, Shahzad K. Effects of smokeless nicotine on blood physiology, biochemical, and histological alterations using Labeo rohita as a model organism. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2024; 11:463-473. [PMID: 39101097 PMCID: PMC11296164 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2024.k796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present research was conducted to evaluate the negative effects of nicotine powder on the blood physiology, and biochemical and histological alterations of Labeo rohita. Materials and Methods Fish were divided into four groups (1-4). Fish groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to different concentrations of nicotine, such as 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75 mg/l, while group 1 acted as a control. To find out the long-term impact of nicotine on body physiology, we conducted a 42-day experiment. After the completion of the experiment, hematology, biochemical assays, and histology were done. Results Results revealed a considerable increase in HGB, red blood cells, WBCs, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red cell distribution width -SD, procalcitonin, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, globulin, thyroid stimulating hormone, BUN, creatinine, and blood glucose levels, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, RDW, platelet, high-density lipoprotein, albumin, total proteins, and T3 levels were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased in exposed fish as compared to control group fish. Histological alterations showed that exposure to smokeless nicotine causes deleterious and degenerative effects in the liver, kidney, and gills of exposed fish. Conclusion Nicotine administration in fish results in adverse effects on different biochemical and hematological parameters and causes histological alterations in some vital organs of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Akmal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Jafar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Muqadas Shahzadi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Akram
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Taqi Shahid Jaffari
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Arva Mehmood
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Shahzad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
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12
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Arefpour H, Rasaei N, Amini MR, Salavatizadeh M, Hashemi M, Makhtoomi M, Hajiaqaei M, Gholizadeh M, Askarpour M, Hekmatdoost A. The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on liver enzyme levels. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2024; 94:434-442. [PMID: 38407143 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
According to previous studies, astaxanthin exerts various biological effects due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capabilities; however, its effects on liver enzymes have not yet been well elucidated. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess astaxanthin's effects on liver enzymes. A systematic literature search was conducted using scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar up to February 2023 to find relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A random-effects model was used for the estimation of the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD). Overall, we included five trials involving 196 subjects. The duration of the intervention was between 4 and 48 weeks, and the dose was between 6 and 12 mg/day. ALT levels increased in the intervention group compared to the control group following astaxanthin supplementation (WMD: 1.92 U/L, 95% CI: 0.16 to 3.68, P=0.03), whereas supplementation with astaxanthin had a non-significant effect on AST (WMD: 0.72 U/L, 95% CI: -0.85 to 2.29, P=0.36), GGT (WMD: 0.48 U/L, 95% CI: -2.71 to 3.67, P=0.76), and ALP levels (WMD: 2.85 U/L, 95% CI: -7.94 to 13.63, P=0.60) compared to the placebo group. Our data showed that astaxanthin supplementation increases ALT concentrations in adults without affecting the levels of other liver enzymes. Further long-term and well-designed RCTs are necessary to assess and confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Arefpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Amini
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition & Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marieh Salavatizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohtaram Hashemi
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hajiaqaei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Iran
| | - Mohammad Gholizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Godbole AM, Chen A, Vuong AM. Associations between neonicotinoids and liver function measures in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016. Environ Epidemiol 2024; 8:e310. [PMID: 38799264 PMCID: PMC11115984 DOI: 10.1097/ee9.0000000000000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Toxicological studies indicate that neonicotinoids may be associated with disruptions in liver function due to an increase in oxidative stress. There are scant epidemiological studies investigating the chronic hepatotoxic effects of neonicotinoids. Objective To examine the association between detectable concentrations of parent neonicotinoids and neonicotinoid metabolites with liver function markers among US adults, and whether sex modifies this association. Methods National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015-2016 data were used to estimate associations between detectable neonicotinoids and serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transaminase (GGT), albumin, total bilirubin, total protein, and Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) using multiple linear regression. Results Detectable levels of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid were associated with a decrease in GGT (β = -3.54 unit/l; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -6.48, -0.61) and detectable levels of 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid were associated with a decrease in HSI (β = -1.11; 95% CI = -2.14, -0.07). Sex modified the association between any parent neonicotinoid and ALP (Pint = 0.064) and the association between clothianidin and ALP (Pint = 0.019), with a pattern of positive associations in males and inverse associations in females, though stratified associations did not reach statistical significance. Sex also modified the association between 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid and total protein (Pint = 0.062), with a significant positive association in females (β = 0.14 g/dl; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.25) and a null association in males. Conclusion Detectable concentrations of neonicotinoid metabolites were inversely associated with GGT and HSI in US adults. Evidence suggests neonicotinoids may influence liver function differently depending on sex. Future research is recommended to replicate the findings as the study was limited in its cross-sectional nature and inability to examine continuous neonicotinoid concentrations with liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta M. Godbole
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Public Health, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann M. Vuong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Public Health, Las Vegas, Nevada
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Ahn YJ, Kim B, Kim YH, Kim TY, Seo H, Park Y, Park SS, Ahn Y. Enzyme-Treated Zizania latifolia Ethanol Extract Improves Liver-Related Outcomes and Fatigability. Foods 2024; 13:1725. [PMID: 38890953 PMCID: PMC11171771 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Long-term hepatic damage is associated with human morbidity and mortality owing to numerous pathogenic factors. A variety of studies have focused on improving liver health using natural products and herbal medicines. We aimed to investigate the effect of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia ethanol extract (ETZL), which increases the content of tricin via enzymatic hydrolysis, for 8 weeks on liver-related outcomes, lipid metabolism, antioxidant activity, and fatigue compared to a placebo. Healthy Korean adult males aged 19-60 years were randomized into ETZL treatment and placebo groups, and alcohol consumption was 24.96 and 28.64 units/week, respectively. Alanine transaminase, a blood marker associated with liver cell injury, significantly decreased after 8 weeks compared to the baseline in the ETZL treatment group (p = 0.004). After 8 weeks, the treatment group showed significant changes in the levels of high-density lipoprotein and hepatic steatosis index compared to the baseline (p = 0.028 and p = 0.004, respectively). ETZL treatment tended to reduce antioxidant-activity-related factors, total antioxidant status, and malondialdehyde, but there was no significant difference. In the multidimensional fatigue scale, ETZL treatment showed a significant reduction in general fatigue and total-fatigue-related values after 8 weeks compared to the baseline (p = 0.012 and p = 0.032, respectively). Taken together, the 8-week treatment of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia ethanol extract demonstrated positive effects on liver-related outcomes, lipid metabolism, and mental fatigue without adverse effects on safety-related parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Ahn
- Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea;
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of Smart-Bio, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Ahn
- Research Group of Functional Food Materials, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun 55365, Republic of Korea
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15
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Flamm SL. Key Insights and Clinical Pearls in the Identification and Management of Cirrhosis and Its Complications. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00326-7. [PMID: 38788826 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Cirrhosis is a prevalent, chronic condition with an asymptomatic compensated phase, in which patients may feel well, and a decompensated phase that begins with the onset of complications (eg hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and/or variceal bleeding). Because patients with cirrhosis may appear healthy with normal liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and serum bilirubin levels, awareness of clinical signals is important. For example, patients with thrombocytopenia should be evaluated for chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Early recognition and management of cirrhosis-related complications (eg hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, and/or variceal bleeding) are important, given their association with hospitalization and poor prognosis (eg increased odds of short-term mortality). Hepatic encephalopathy can be the most subtle cirrhosis-related complication and associated cognitive impairment may be misdiagnosed. Because hepatic encephalopathy can be associated with hospital readmissions, reducing readmission rates after hepatic encephalopathy-related hospitalizations is critical. This includes incorporating ongoing therapy (eg rifaximin plus lactulose) in postdischarge management plans to reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy recurrence. Strategies that mitigate cirrhosis progression and prevent the development of cirrhosis-related complications are key to improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Flamm
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rush University Medical School, Chicago, Ill.
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16
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Fan L, Zhao L, Zhu Y, Li L, Yang X, Ma P, Liu J, Zhao Q, Li X. Hydroxytyrosol ameliorates stress-induced liver injury through activating autophagy via HDAC1/2 inhibition. Food Funct 2024; 15:5103-5117. [PMID: 38680105 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01027b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic extra-virgin olive oil compound used as a food supplement, has been recognized to protect liver function and alleviate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. However, its protective effects against stress-induced liver injury (SLI) remain unknown. Here, the anti-SLI effect of HT was evaluated in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced SLI. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of action of HT against SLI, followed by experimental verification. The results showed that accompanying with the alleviation of HT on stress-induced depressive-like behaviors, HT was confirmed to exert the protective effects against SLI, as represented by reduced serum corticosterone (CORT), aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities, as well as repair of liver structure, inhibition of oxidative homeostasis collapse, and inflammation reaction in the liver. Furthermore, core genes including histone deacetylase 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), were identified as potential targets of HT in SLI based on bioinformatic screening and simulation. Consistently, HT significantly inhibited HDAC1/2 expression to maintain mitochondrial dysfunction in an autophagy-dependent manner, which was confirmed in a CORT-induced AML-12 cell injury and SLI mice models combined with small molecule inhibitors. We provide the first evidence that HT inhibits HDAC1/2 to induce autophagy in hepatocytes for maintaining mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing inflammation and oxidative stress for exerting an anti-SLI effect. This constitutes a novel therapeutic modality to synchronously prevent stress-induced depression-like behaviors and liver injury, supporting the advantaged therapeutic potential of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yangbo Zhu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xueping Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qingwei Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Clinical Evaluation and Translational Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
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17
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Foong KW, Chaw SH, Lo YL, Loh PS. Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Lidocaine in Adults: A Systematic Review. Clin Pharmacokinet 2024; 63:623-643. [PMID: 38703307 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-024-01373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The establishment of optimal dosing regimens for intravenous (IV) lidocaine in the perioperative setting, aiming to balance effective pain relief with minimisation of potential side effects, is a topic of ongoing debate. This discussion stems from the significant variability in lidocaine's pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and its relatively narrow safety margin. Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) modelling has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding the factors contributing to this observed variability in drug kinetics. OBJECTIVES This systematic review compiles the existing knowledge on lidocaine's PK properties and published popPK models, with a focus on significant covariates. METHODS A systematic search on Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, and EMBASE was performed from inception to June 2023. Original clinical studies that administered IV lidocaine to adults and performed PK analyses using a nonlinear mixed effects modelling approach were included. The quality of the included studies was assessed by compliance with the Clinical Pharmacokinetics (ClinPK) statement checklist. RESULTS Seven studies were included, which involved a diverse adult population, including both volunteers and patients with various comorbidities. Lidocaine PK was primarily characterised by a two- or three-compartment model. The volume of distribution at steady state ranged from 66 to 194 L, and the total clearance ranged from 22 to 49 L/h. Despite adjusting for significant covariates like heart failure status, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, duration of lidocaine infusion, and body weight, each study revealed substantial variability in PK parameters. The potential impact of hepatic or renal function biomarkers on these PK parameters calls for further investigation. Incomplete reporting of key aspects of developed models may hinder the models' reliability and clinical application. CONCLUSION The findings emphasise the importance of tailoring drug dosage to ensure the safe and effective use of intravenous lidocaine. Optimal design methodologies may be incorporated for a more efficient identification of important covariates. Utilising contemporary model evaluation methods like visual predictive checks and bootstrapping would enhance the robustness of popPK models and the reliability of their predictions. This comprehensive review advances our understanding of lidocaine's pharmacokinetics and lays the groundwork for further research in this critical area of perioperative pain management. Review protocol registered on 25 August 2023 in PROSPERO (CRD42023441113). This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/2020/SKK01/UM/02/2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Wah Foong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook Hui Chaw
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Yoke Lin Lo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, No. 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pui San Loh
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mishra S, Taneja S. Algorithmic Approach to Deranged Liver Functions After Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101317. [PMID: 38264576 PMCID: PMC10801315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplant (LT) recipients require close follow-up with regular monitoring of the liver function tests (LFTs). Evaluation of deranged LFT should be individualized depending upon the time since LT, peri-operative events, clinical course, and any complications. These derangements can range from mild and asymptomatic to severe and symptomatic elevations requiring expedited personalized assessment and management. Pattern of LFT derangement (hepatocellular, cholestatic, or mixed), donor-recipient risk factors, timing after LT (post-operative, 1-12 months, and >12 months since LT) along with clinical context and symptomatology are important considerations before proceeding with the initial evaluation. Compliance to immunosuppression and drug interactions should be ascertained along with local epidemiology of infections. Essential initial evaluation must include an ultrasound abdomen with Doppler to rule out any structural causes such as biliary or vascular complications apart from focussed laboratory evaluation. Early allograft dysfunction, ischemia reperfusion injury, small-for-size syndrome, biliary leaks, hepatic artery, and portal vein thrombosis are usual culprits in the early post-operative period whereas viral hepatitis (acute or reactivation), opportunistic infections, and recurrence of the primary disease are more frequent in the later period. Graft rejection, biliary strictures, sepsis, and drug induced liver injury remain possible etiologies at all times points after LT. Initial evaluation algorithm must be customized based on history, clinical examination, risk factors, and pattern and severity of deranged LFT. Allograft rejection is a diagnosis of exclusion and requires liver biopsy to confirm and assess severity. Empirical treatment of rejection sans liver biopsy is discouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Mishra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Paras Health, Sector 22, Panchkula, Haryana 134109, India
| | - Sunil Taneja
- Department of Hepatology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
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Saei Ghare Naz M, Mousavi M, Firouzi F, Momenan A, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. Association Between Insulin Resistance Indices and Liver Function Parameters Among Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e490. [PMID: 38769719 PMCID: PMC11106557 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) status changes the association between insulin resistance (IR) indices and liver function parameters among women. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. We selected 1101 subjects aged ≥20 years from participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). All of them had known the status of PCOS, and all variables were related to the IR indices and liver function parameters. The main outcome measures were TG/HDL-C and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) and liver function parameters (hepatic steatosis index [HSI], alanine transaminase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]). RESULT In the present study, there was no significant difference between the PCOS and the non-PCOS regarding the presence of liver function abnormalities. A model adjusted by age and BMI showed that the upper tertile of TyG index was positively associated with high AST (OR = 3.04 [95% CI: 1.20-7.68], p < 0.05), high ALT (4.76 [3.07-7.36], p < 0.05) and high HSI (8.44 [1.82-39.17], p < 0.05). Although the history of diabetes had a positive impact on elevated AST (1.66 [1.15, 2.40], p < 0.05), the third tertile of TG/HDL-C was associated with increased odds of elevated ALT (3.35 [2.21-5.06]) and HSI (6.55 [1.17-36.46]), whereas the second tertile of TG/HDL-C (OR = 2.65, CI 95%: 1.74-4.03) was also positively associated with elevated ALT. PCOS had no significant association with elevated liver function tests. CONCLUSION The highest tertile of TyG index and the TG/HDL-C ratio as a surrogate of IR might play a role in detecting abnormalities of liver function parameters among women. However, PCOS status cannot change the association between IR and liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maryam Mousavi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Faezeh Firouzi
- Department of Pathology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir Abbas Momenan
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research CenterResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- The Foundation for Research & Education ExcellenceVestaria HillsAIUSA
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20
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Nguyen KT, Nguyen DD, Montecinos L, Hlaing PP, Khatri S. Investigation of Markedly Elevated Liver Enzymes With Serendipitous Underlying Wilson's Disease With Chronic Alcohol Abuse. Cureus 2024; 16:e59025. [PMID: 38803772 PMCID: PMC11128335 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute hepatitis can result from a wide variety of noninfectious causes that include, but are not limited to, drugs (drug-induced hepatitis), alcohol (alcoholic hepatitis), immunologic (autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis), or as a result of indirect insult secondary to biliary tract dysfunction (cholestatic hepatitis), pregnancy-related liver dysfunction, shock, or metastatic disease. In clinical settings, these causes are not uncommon to overlap with each other or are masked by obviously visible causes in medical history. We reported our scenario of a patient who has a heavy history of alcohol use and presented with alcohol withdrawal symptoms and a marked elevation of liver enzymes. Interestingly, further investigations suggested Wilson's disease could be an underlying culprit of acute hepatitis in this patient. This case again emphasized that Wilson's disease can be masked under multiple causes and various scenarios, which alerts clinicians that a broad approach should be made for every case of acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dat D Nguyen
- Interventional Cardiology, Gia Dinh People's Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, VNM
| | | | - Pwint P Hlaing
- Internal Medicine, Interfaith Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Samridhi Khatri
- Internal Medicine, Eastern Maine Medical Center, Bangor, USA
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Fu CX, Qin XR, Chen JS, Zhong J, Xie YX, Li BD, Fu QQ, Li F, Zheng JF. Effect of an Airbag-selective Portal Vein Blood Arrester on the Liver after Hepatectomy: A New Technique for Selective Clamping of the Portal Vein. Curr Med Sci 2024; 44:380-390. [PMID: 38517675 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-024-2837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel technique was explored using an airbag-selective portal vein blood arrester that circumvents the need for an intraoperative assessment of anatomical variations in patients with complex intrahepatic space-occupying lesions. METHODS Rabbits undergoing hepatectomy were randomly assigned to 4 groups: intermittent portal triad clamping (PTC), intermittent portal vein clamping (PVC), intermittent portal vein blocker with an airbag-selective portal vein blood arrester (APC), and without portal blood occlusion (control). Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury were assessed by measuring the 7-day survival rate, blood loss, liver function, hepatic pathology, hepatic inflammatory cytokine infiltration, hepatic malondialdehyde levels, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels. RESULTS Liver damage was substantially reduced in the APC and PVC groups. The APC animals exhibited transaminase levels similar to or less oxidative stress damage and inflammatory hepatocellular injury compared to those exhibited by the PVC animals. Bleeding was significantly higher in the control group than in the other groups. The APC group had less bleeding than the PVC group because of the avoidance of portal vein skeletonization during hepatectomy. Thus, more operative time was saved in the APC group than in the PVC group. Moreover, the total 7-day survival rate in the APC group was higher than that in the PTC group. CONCLUSION Airbag-selective portal vein blood arresters may help protect against hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in rabbits undergoing partial hepatectomy. This technique may also help prevent liver damage in patients requiring hepatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce-Xiong Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
- University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Xiao-Ri Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Jin-Song Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yu-Xu Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Bi-Dan Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Qing-Qing Fu
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
| | - Jin-Fang Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China.
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Luo F, Li M, Chen Y, Song S, Yu H, Zhang P, Xiao C, Lv G, Chen X. Immunosuppressive enzyme-responsive nanoparticles for enhanced accumulation in liver allograft to overcome acute rejection. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122476. [PMID: 38266349 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Acute rejection is a life-threatening complication after liver transplantation. Immunosuppressants such as tacrolimus are used to inhibit acute rejection of liver grafts in clinic. However, inefficient intragraft accumulation may reduce the therapeutic outcomes of tacrolimus. Here, an enzyme-responsive nanoparticle is developed to selectively enhance the accumulation of tacrolimus in liver allograft through enzyme-induced aggregation to refine immunotherapeutic efficacy of tacrolimus. The nanoparticles are composed of amphiphilic tacrolimus prodrugs synthesized by covalently conjugating tacrolimus and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9)-cleavable peptide-containing methoxy poly (ethylene glycol) to poly (l-glutamic acid). Upon exposure to MMP9, which is overexpressed in rejected liver allografts, the nanoparticles undergo a morphological transition from spherical micellar nanoparticles to microscale aggregate-like scaffolds. Intravenous administration of MMP9-responsive nanoparticles into a rat model of acute liver graft rejection results in enhanced nanoparticle accumulation in allograft as compared to nonresponsive nanoparticles. Consequently, the MMP9-responsive nanoparticles significantly inhibit intragraft inflammatory cell infiltration and proliferation, maintain intragraft immunosuppressive environment, alleviate graft damage, improve liver allograft function, abate weight loss and prolong recipient survival. This work proves that morphology-switchable enzyme-responsive nanoparticles represent an innovative strategy for selectively enhancing intragraft accumulation of immunosuppressive agents to improve treatment of liver allograft rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixiang Luo
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Mingqian Li
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Yuguo Chen
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Shifei Song
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China.
| | - Guoyue Lv
- General Surgery Center, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China.
| | - Xuesi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, PR China
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Zhang S, Wang J, Zhang Q, Pan Y, Zhang Z, Geng Y, Jia B, Li Y, Xiong Y, Yan X, Li J, Wang H, Wu C, Huang R. Association of liver function and prognosis in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012068. [PMID: 38626222 PMCID: PMC11051684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an epidemic emerging infectious disease with high mortality rate. We investigated the association between liver injury and clinical outcomes in patients with SFTS. METHODS A total of 291 hospitalized SFTS patients were retrospectively included. Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to identify risk factors of fatal outcome and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate cumulative risks. RESULTS 60.1% of patients had liver injury at admission, and the median alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TBil) levels were 76.4 U/L, 152.3 U/L, 69.8 U/L and 9.9 μmol/L, respectively. Compared to survivors, non-survivors had higher levels of AST (253.0 U/L vs. 131.1 U/L, P < 0.001) and ALP (86.2 U/L vs. 67.9 U/L, P = 0.006), higher proportion of elevated ALP (20.0% vs. 4.4%, P < 0.001) and liver injury (78.5% vs. 54.9%, P = 0.001) at admission. The presence of liver injury (HR 2.049, P = 0.033) at admission was an independent risk factor of fatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS Liver injury was a common complication and was strongly associated with poor prognosis in SFTS patients. Liver function indicators should be closely monitored for SFTS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yifan Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiyi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Geng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yali Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Department of General Practice, Nanjing Second Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Viruses and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Khazaei R, Seidavi A, Bouyeh M, Ogbuagu NE, González DNT, Elghandour MMMY, Salem AZM. Effects of varying levels of Cynara scolymus powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. Res Vet Sci 2024; 169:105162. [PMID: 38301341 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of dietary Cynara scolymus (CS) powder on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal microbiota, immune and haemato-biochemical parameters in female quails. A total of 120-day-old female quails used for the research were divided into 3 treatment groups: 0% CS, 0.75% CS and 1.50% CS having 4 replicates (n = 10). Blood samples collected were analyzed for differential leukocyte count, red blood cell count and its indices, uric acid, lipid profile, liver enzymes, calcium, phosphorous, creatinine, thyroid hormone, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and antibody titres. Quails were euthanized for evaluation of carcass and microbial bacteria and sensory characteristics of the breast and thigh meat. Supplementation of CS at 0.75% and 1.50% increased (P < 0.05) wing, drumstick, ileum, jejunum and spleen lengths, high-density lipoprotein, and decreased (P < 0.05) low-density lipoprotein: high-density lipoprotein ratio. Diets supplemented with 0.75% CS increased (P < 0.05) albumin while 1.50% decreased (P < 0.05) abdominal fat and increased (P < 0.05) corpuscular volume, red blood cell count, lactobacillus population, and color of thigh meat. Both CS levels (0.75% and 1.50%) may improve intestinal morphology, quality of meat, immunity, erythropoiesis, intestinal microbial population, and decrease bad cholesterol in quails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshanak Khazaei
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ngozi Ejum Ogbuagu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Deli Nazmín Tirado González
- Tecnológico Nacional de México (TecNM)/Instituto Tecnológico el Llano Aguascalientes (ITEL), Carr. Ags.-SLP km 18.5, El Llano, C.P. 20330 Aguascalientes, Mexico
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Liang X, Liu J, Di J, Xiao N, Peng Y, Tian Q, Chen L. Toxicity evaluation of processing Evodiae fructus based on intestinal microbiota. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1336777. [PMID: 38435687 PMCID: PMC10904473 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1336777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background With the development of healthcare services, drug efficacy, and safety have become the focus of drug use, and processing alters drug toxicity and efficacy, exploring the effects of processing on Evodiae fructus (EF) can guide the clinical use of drugs. Methods Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into the control group (CCN), raw small-flowered EF group (CRSEF), raw medium-flowered EF group (CRMEF), processing small-flowered EF group (CPSEF), and processing medium-flowered EF group (CPMEF). The CRSEF, CRMEF, CPSEF, and CPMEF groups were gavaged with aqueous extracts of raw small-flowered EF dry paste (RSEF), medium-flowered EF dry paste (RMEF), processing small-flowered EF dry paste (PSEF) and processing medium-flowered EF dry paste (PMEF), respectively, for 21 days at 5 times the pharmacopeial dosage. Upon concluding the experiment, histopathological sections of liver and kidney tissues were examined. Additionally, levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine (SCr), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. DNA from the intestinal contents of the mice was extracted, and 16S rRNA full-length high-throughput sequencing was performed. Results After fed EF 21 days, mice exhibited a decreasing trend in body weight. Comparative analysis with the CCN group revealed an upward trend in SCr, BUN, AST, and ALT levels in both CRSEF and CRMEF groups. The CRMEF group displayed notably elevated BUN and AST levels, with an observed increasing trend in Scr and ALT. Kidney sections unveiled cellular edema and considerable inflammatory cell infiltrates, whereas significant liver damage was not evident. Compared with CRSEF, Bun levels were significantly lower while AST levels were significantly higher in the CPMEF group. Additionally, the intestinal microbiota diversity and the relative abundance of Psychrobacter decreased significantly, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, and Salinicoccus increased significantly in the CPMEF group. AST, ALT, and SCr were positively correlated with Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, and Salinicoccus. Conclusion In conclusion, PMEF significantly increased harmful bacteria (Staphylococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, and Salinicoccu) and decreased beneficial bacteria. SEF with 5 times the clinical dose showed nephrotoxicity and SEF nephrotoxicity decreased after processing, but EF hepatotoxicity was not significant, which may be due to insufficient dose concentration and time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaxin Di
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Nenqun Xiao
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanmei Peng
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qixue Tian
- Hunan Province Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Changsha, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base of the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Linglong Chen
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology Inheritance Base of the Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Singh R, Ha SE, Park HS, Debnath S, Cho H, Baek G, Yu TY, Ro S. Sustained Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutic miR-10a/b in Alleviating Diabetes and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility without Inducing Cancer or Inflammation in Murine Liver and Colon. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2266. [PMID: 38396943 PMCID: PMC10888952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of both physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms in diabetes and gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility. Our previous studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of miR-10a-5p mimic and miR-10b-5p mimic (miR-10a/b mimics) in rescuing diabetes and GI dysmotility in murine models of diabetes. In this study, we elucidated the safety profile of a long-term treatment with miR-10a/b mimics in diabetic mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) to induce diabetes and treated by five subcutaneous injections of miR-10a/b mimics for a 5 month period. We examined the long-term effects of the miRNA mimics on diabetes and GI dysmotility, including an assessment of potential risks for cancer and inflammation in the liver and colon using biomarkers. HFHSD-induced diabetic mice subcutaneously injected with miR-10a/b mimics on a monthly basis for 5 consecutive months exhibited a marked reduction in fasting blood glucose levels with restoration of insulin and significant weight loss, improved glucose and insulin intolerance, and restored GI transit time. In addition, the miR-10a/b mimic-treated diabetic mice showed no indication of risk for cancer development or inflammation induction in the liver, colon, and blood for 5 months post-injections. This longitudinal study demonstrates that miR-10a/b mimics, when subcutaneously administered in diabetic mice, effectively alleviate diabetes and GI dysmotility for 5 months with no discernible risk for cancer or inflammation in the liver and colon. The sustained efficacy and favorable safety profiles position miR-10a/b mimics as promising candidates in miRNA-based therapeutics for diabetes and GI dysmotility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Se Eun Ha
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Han Sung Park
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Sushmita Debnath
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Hayeong Cho
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Gain Baek
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Tae Yang Yu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
| | - Seungil Ro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; (R.S.); (S.E.H.); (H.S.P.); (S.D.); (H.C.); (G.B.); (T.Y.Y.)
- RosVivo Therapeutics, Applied Research Facility, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV 89557, USA
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Li J, Zhong X, Zhao Y, Shen J, Xiao Z, Pilapong C. Acacetin inhibited non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell growth via upregulating miR-34a in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2348. [PMID: 38287075 PMCID: PMC10824707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52896-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acacetin, one of the flavonoid compounds, is a natural product found in various plants, including Silver birch, and Damiana. Previous studies showed that acacetin has anti-cancer effects on many kinds of cancer cells, however, the role of and the mechanisms of actions of acacetin on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells is still not fully understood. Herein, we found that, in vitro, acacetin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NSCLC cells, A549 and H460, in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, flow cytometry assay results showed that acacetin induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of NSCLC cells. In vivo, acacetin suppressed tumor formation of A549-xenografted nude mice model with no obvious toxicities. Western blotting results showed that the protein levels of cell cycle-related proteins cyclin B1, cyclin D, and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 had decreased, while the apoptosis-related protein Bak had increased both in NSCLC cells and in A549-xenografted tumor tissues. For investigating the molecular mechanism behind the biological effects of acacetin on NSCLC, we found that acacetin induced the expression levels of tumor suppressor p53 both in vitro and in vivo. MicroRNA, miR-34a, the direct target of p53, has been shown anti-NSCLC proliferation effects by suppressing the expression of its target gene programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). We found that acacetin upregulated the expression levels of miR-34a, and downregulated the expression levels of PD-L1 of NSCLC cells in vitro and of tumors in vivo. In vitro, knockdown p53 expression by siRNAs reversed the induction effects of acacetin on miR34a expression and abolished the inhibitory activity of acacetin on NSCLC cell proliferation. Furthermore, using agomir and antagomir to overexpress and suppress the expression miR-34a in NSCLC cells was also examined. We found that miR-34a agomir showed similar effects as acacetin on A549 cells, while miR-34a antagomir could partially or completely reverse acacetin's effects on A549 cells. In vivo, intratumor injection of miR-34a antagomir could drastically suppress the anti-tumor formation effects of acacetin in A549-xenografted nude mice. Overall, our results showed that acacetin inhibits cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis of NSCLC cells by regulating miR-34a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of BioMolecular Imaging, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xianmei Zhong
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Nanbu County, Nanchong, 637300, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Chalermchai Pilapong
- Laboratory of BioMolecular Imaging, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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Almuqrin A, Alshuweishi YA, Alfaifi M, Daghistani H, Al-Sheikh YA, Alfhili MA. Prevalence and association of hyperuricemia with liver function in Saudi Arabia: a large cross-sectional study. Ann Saudi Med 2024; 44:18-25. [PMID: 38311853 PMCID: PMC10839458 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2024.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is linked to an increased risk of various chronic diseases, but data on the prevalence and association of hyperuricemia with liver function in Saudi Arabia are scarce. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the prevalence, association, and risk measures of hyperuricemia and liver function in the Saudi population. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis. SETTING Database on large portion of Saudi population. PATIENTS AND METHODS Laboratory data, age, and gender of the studied subjects were collected from Al Borg Diagnostics. Subjects were stratified, based on their uric acid (UA) levels, into three groups: hypouricemic, normouricemic, and hyperuricemic. The association of UA with liver enzymes was examined in all three groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Association of serum UA levels with alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB). SAMPLE SIZE 13 314 subjects. RESULTS Our study showed that the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Saudi population is 17.3% (20.3% in males and 15.1% in females). We also found a positive correlation between ALT, AST, and TB with UA levels. The risk of being hyperuricemic was significantly increased in individuals with elevated ALT, AST, and TB. Individuals with elevated ALT, AST, and total TB had a higher chance of having hyperuricemia than those with normal activity. Notably, ALT, AST, and TB had good discriminating capacity for hyperuricemia. CONCLUSIONS Hyperuricemia is highly prevalent in the Saudi population and is associated with compromised liver function. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these findings in large prospective cohort studies in different populations. LIMITATIONS Lack of data on other potential confounding variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Almuqrin
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Abdullah Alshuweishi
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfaifi
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussam Daghistani
- From the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed A. Al-Sheikh
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A. Alfhili
- From the Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Castillo MF, Salgado-Canales D, Arrese M, Barrera F, Mikhailidis DP. Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Lipid Profile, Anthropometric and Hepatic Markers in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Systematic Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2024; 22:187-202. [PMID: 38321893 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611285401240110074530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first-line treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is lifestyle modification; this should accompany any pharmacological intervention. Intermittent fasting (IF) has shown benefits over metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. Non-religious IF includes Time-Restricted Feeding (TRF), Alternate-Day Fasting (ADF), and 5:2 IF interventions. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of IF on anthropometric, liver damage, and lipid profile markers in subjects with NAFLD. METHODS A bibliographic search was carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed and Scopus databases. RESULTS Five studies involving 470 patients with NAFLD were included. In relation to anthropometric markers, all the articles reported body weight reduction (2.48-7.63%), but only ADF and 5:2 IF reported a body weight reduction >5%; also, all the articles reported fat mass reduction. Concerning hepatic markers, all the articles reported a reduction in hepatic steatosis and alanine aminotransferase activity, but no changes in fat-free mass and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. There were variable results on fibrosis, other liver enzymes, waist circumference and body mass index, as well as the levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSION Any form of IF could be potentially beneficial for NAFLD treatment and some associated cardiometabolic parameters. However, it is necessary to evaluate the effects and safety of IF in long-term studies involving a higher number of participants with different stages of NAFLD. The effect of IF on NAFLD-associated vascular risk also needs evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Castillo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, El Líbano 5524, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Salgado-Canales
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Barrera
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK
- Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
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Šmíd V, Dvořák K, Stehnová K, Strnad H, Rubert J, Stříteský J, Staňková B, Stránská M, Hajšlová J, Brůha R, Vítek L. The Ameliorating Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Liver Steatosis Induced by a High-Fat Methionine Choline-Deficient Diet in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17226. [PMID: 38139055 PMCID: PMC10743075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with abnormalities of liver lipid metabolism. On the contrary, a diet enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3-PUFAs) has been reported to ameliorate the progression of NAFLD. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of dietary n-3-PUFA enrichment on the development of NAFLD and liver lipidome. Mice were fed for 6 weeks either a high-fat methionine choline-deficient diet (MCD) or standard chow with or without n-3-PUFAs. Liver histology, serum biochemistry, detailed plasma and liver lipidomic analyses, and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were performed. Mice fed an MCD developed histopathological changes characteristic of NAFLD, and these changes were ameliorated with n-3-PUFAs. Simultaneously, n-3-PUFAs decreased serum triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations as well as ALT and AST activities. N-3-PUFAs decreased serum concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated free fatty acids (FAs), while increasing serum concentrations of long-chain PUFAs. Furthermore, in the liver, the MCD significantly increased the hepatic triacylglycerol content, while the administration of n-3-PUFAs eliminated this effect. Administration of n-3-PUFAs led to significant beneficial differences in gene expression within biosynthetic pathways of cholesterol, FAs, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and TNF-α). To conclude, n-3-PUFA supplementation appears to represent a promising nutraceutical approach for the restoration of abnormalities in liver lipid metabolism and the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Šmíd
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Karel Dvořák
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Kamila Stehnová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Laboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josep Rubert
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jan Stříteský
- Institute of Pathology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Barbora Staňková
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milena Stránská
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Jana Hajšlová
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic; (K.S.); (J.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Radan Brůha
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Libor Vítek
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic (R.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, 128 08 Prague, Czech Republic
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Alotaibi KS, Almalki DA. Hepatoprotective Effect of Moringa Oil on Rats under Fungicide Toxicity. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2023; 513:S53-S59. [PMID: 38379081 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672923600367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The present study is designed to evaluate whether pretreatment with moringa would have a protective effect on thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis, assessing biochemical and histopathological changes in Wistar male rats. Exposure to TAA induced notable biochemical and histopathological alterations. Liver fibrosis induced by TAA, along with associated biochemical and histological damage, has not been previously investigated in male rats supplemented with moringa oil. The experiment involved forty male rats distributed across four groups, each comprising ten rats. Group 1 served as controls and received intraperitoneal injections of saline solution twice weekly for six weeks. Group 2 rats were injected with 300 mg/kg body weight of TAA (Sigma-Aldrich Corp.) twice weekly for the same duration. Group 3 rats were orally supplemented with moringa oil at 800 mg/kg body weight/day and received intraperitoneal injections of TAA at the same dosage as Group 2 for six weeks. Finally, Group 4 rats were injected with saline solution twice weekly and orally supplemented with moringa oil at 800 mg/kg body weight/day for the same period. At the end of the experiment, we determined body weight and performed liver function analysis. Additionally, we examined the liver histology of the different groups. Results showed that moringa oil treatment protected rat livers from TAA toxicity by improving liver function analysis and preventing liver fibrosis. Moringa oil can be considered a promising agent for protection against TAA toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Alotaibi
- General Science and English Language Department, College of Applied Sciences, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daklallah A Almalki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Arts in Al-Mikhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Mikhwah, Saudi Arabia.
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Gebara TSES, Felicidade I, Costa GN, de Ramos MZ, Bonde AC, Palermo G, Guemra S, Peres JHDS, Mantovani MS, Napoli RPD, Campos ACL. Predictive factors to estimate the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Nutrition 2023; 116:112190. [PMID: 37734118 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD results in a significant number of patients manifesting chronic liver disease over time. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive factors to estimate NAFLD severity in patients who are candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. METHODS This descriptive observational study was conducted with 136 obese patients who were candidates for Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and had mild, moderate, or severe NAFLD. RESULTS Severe NAFLD was more prevalent among the men (P = 0.007), and mild NAFLD was more prevalent among the women (P = 0.007). Hyperferritinemia was observed in the group with severe NAFLD (P = 0.01). Neck circumference and waist-to-height ratio were associated with an increased risk when comparing the groups with mild and severe NAFLD and those with moderate and severe NAFLD (P = 0.023 and P = 0.001, respectively); the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase ratio values were >1 (P = 0.002) in the same comparisons. The regression analyses showed that an increase of 1 ng/mL in vitamin D reduced the chances of severe steatosis by 10% (P = 0.043), and an increase of 1 U/L ALT increased the chances of severe steatosis by 13% (P = 0.002). CONCLUSION High neck circumference and low waist-to-height ratio values, male sex, hyperferritinemia, increased serum ALT values, and decreased vitamin D levels were related to the risk for severe NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingrid Felicidade
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | - Giselle Nobre Costa
- Pitagoras Unopar Anhanguera University, Londrina, Brazil; Department of Food Science and Technology, State University of Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Samuel Guemra
- Pitagoras Unopar Anhanguera University, Londrina, Brazil
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Schueling HC, Rana A, Doroudi S, Maneyapanda MB, LeRoy CE. Recurrent Choledocholithiasis: Unveiling the Diagnostic Challenges of Profound Transaminitis Post Cholecystectomy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2023; 24:e941096. [PMID: 37798877 PMCID: PMC10565707 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.941096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profound transaminitis (>1000 international units per liter [IU/L]) is typically associated with ischemic and viral or toxic hepatitis. Pancreaticobiliary causes are less likely to be included in the workup, especially in patients who have undergone cholecystectomy. We present a case of recurrent choledocholithiasis in a 52-year-old woman 7 years after cholecystectomy, presenting with severe transaminitis, illustrating the diagnostic challenges of this presentation. CASE REPORT A 52-year-old woman presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute upper abdominal pain. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen without contrast showed no abnormalities and mild common bile duct (CBD) dilation was noted on ultrasound (US) abdomen. Laboratory studies were significant for elevated transaminases greater than 1000 units/L and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) greater than 200 units/L. She was diagnosed with acute hepatitis of unknown etiology without undergoing further investigation of the biliary tract and was discharged after improvement with supportive therapy. She returned 4 months later with similar symptoms and laboratory findings, but with more CBD dilation and intrahepatic biliary dilation on CT and US. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed, and multiple stones and sludge were removed from the CBD. CONCLUSIONS This report has shown that pancreaticobiliary causes should be included in the workup of severe transaminitis, even in patients with a remote history of cholecystectomy. Failure to do so may subject patients to extensive, unnecessary workup and delay correct management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asama Rana
- Department of Family Medicine, St. George’s University School of Medicine, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Shideh Doroudi
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Joseph’s University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, USA
| | | | - Christine E. LeRoy
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Joseph’s Family Medicine, Paterson, NJ, USA
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Mitten EK, Rutherford A. How Hepatologists Use Liver Biopsy in the Evaluation of Liver Disease? Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:443-456. [PMID: 37536881 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on how hepatologists view the role of liver biopsy in diagnosis, assessment, and management of chronic and acute liver disease, and its variable use among different etiologies of liver disease and in the evaluation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie K Mitten
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy at Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Anna Rutherford
- Harvard Medical School and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endoscopy at Brigham & Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Shi A, Deng J, Ma J, Yang L, Tantai X, Wang Q, Chang D, Wang J, Guo X, Lu X, Shi H. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease with Renal Insufficiency in Overweight/Obese Adults. Obes Facts 2023; 16:548-558. [PMID: 37640023 PMCID: PMC10697752 DOI: 10.1159/000533626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with renal insufficiency in recent years and the association between MAFLD and renal insufficiency are not entirely clear, especially in overweight/obesity. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of MAFLD with renal insufficiency in overweight/obese adults. METHODS Individuals who attended checkup at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from 2016 to 2021 were included. The prevalence of MAFLD with renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤90 mL/min/1.73 m2) in overweight/obesity was estimated. Propensity score-matched analysis, univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the risk factors for MAFLD with renal insufficiency. RESULTS From 2016 to 2021, the prevalence of MAFLD in overweight/obesity reached its highest of 44.7% in 2017 and its lowest of 36.9% in 2018; and 33.9% in 2021 and 21.8% in 2019 is the highest and lowest prevalence of MAFLD with renal insufficiency, respectively. MAFLD was more common in men, old individuals, and persons with a higher body mass index (BMI) and was characterized by significant renal insufficiency. MAFLD with renal insufficiency was more common in women, old individuals, and persons with a higher BMI and was characterized by significant metabolic dysfunction and liver fibrosis. Multivariable analysis showed that BMI, uric acid, and fibrosis (evaluated with noninvasive liver fibrosis score [fibrosis-4]) were independent risk factors for MAFLD with renal insufficiency. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MAFLD with renal insufficiency in overweight/obese adults is quite high in the last 5 years. BMI, uric acid, and fibrosis are independent risk factors for MAFLD with renal insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameng Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiang Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Juan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Longbao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xinxing Tantai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Health Management, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Danyan Chang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaolan Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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Sani F, Soufi Zomorrod M, Azarpira N, Soleimani M. The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes and miR17-5p Inhibitor on Multicellular Liver Fibrosis Microtissues. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:8836452. [PMID: 37576406 PMCID: PMC10421706 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8836452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although several studies have been conducted on modeling human liver disease, it is still challenging to mimic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in vitro. Here, we aimed to develop a fibrotic liver microtissue composed of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate, and endothelial cells. In addition, the therapeutic effects of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (UC-MSC-EXO) and anti-miR17-5p as new antifibrotic drugs were investigated. Methods To create an effective preclinical fibrosis model, multicellular liver microtissues (MLMs) consisting of HepG2, LX2, and HUVECs were cultured and supplemented with a mixture of palmitic acid and oleic acid for 96 hr. Then, MLMs were exposed to UC-MSC-EXO and anti-miR17-5p in different groups. The results of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, liver enzyme levels, inflammation, and histopathology were analyzed to assess the treatment efficacy. Furthermore, the expression of collagen I (COL I) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) as critical matrix components, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and miR-17-5p were measured. Results Free fatty acid supplementation causes fibrosis in MLMs. Our results demonstrated that UC-MSC-EXO and anti-miR17-5p attenuated TGF-β1, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 in all experimental groups. According to the suppression of the TGF-β1 pathway, LX2 activation was inhibited, reducing extracellular matrix proteins, including COL I and α-SMA. Also, miR-17-5p expression was elevated in fibrosis conditions. Furthermore, we showed that our treatments decreased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, and increased albumin levels in the culture supernatant. We also found that both MSC-EXO and MSC-EXO + anti-miR17-5p treatments could reduce ROS production. Conclusion Our findings indicated that anti-miR17-5p and MSC-EXO might be promising therapeutic options for treating liver fibrosis. Furthermore, EXO + anti-miR had the best effects on boosting the fibrotic markers. Therefore, we propose this novel MLM model to understand fibrosis mechanisms better and develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Sani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Soufi Zomorrod
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Khalili Street P.O. Box 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gallaher H, Mehkri S. Advanced Stage Hepatic Fibrosis With Normal Liver Chemistries: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e40732. [PMID: 37485218 PMCID: PMC10360978 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a case report on a patient with biopsy-proven stage 2 hepatic fibrosis who routinely has had normal liver chemistries. This is important because liver chemistry tests are the standard physicians use to assess general liver health. There is not an abundance of research on patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis who have normal liver chemistries, but the research that is available all agree that liver biopsy is the better way to get a clear picture of the disease state of the liver. Biopsies of the liver are not as easily accessible or as cost-effective as simple blood work though. Patients are also less likely to agree to undergo a procedure than to get blood drawn. These are all obstacles in regard to changing the standard in determining liver health from laboratory work to liver biopsies, in addition to liver chemistries. This case report aids in the research already available on how normal liver chemistries should not automatically rule out hepatic fibrosis. This patient proves that fibrosis can be happening, and the blood tests are not reflecting that change. Due to this, further research and investigation on liver fibrosis and normal liver chemistries should be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Gallaher
- Medicine, Saint James School of Medicine, The Quarter, AIA
| | - Sumyra Mehkri
- Family Medicine, ASAS Health Valley Regional Diagnostics, Edinburg, USA
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Cancino J, Lazo S, Fonseca D. [Stomatological management of patients with liver disease: a review of the literature]. REVISTA CIENTÍFICA ODONTOLÓGICA 2023; 11:e153. [PMID: 38288454 PMCID: PMC10809970 DOI: 10.21142/2523-2754-1102-2023-153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The liver is the organ responsible for the metabolism of nutrients, some drugs, and the production of coagulation factors. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 23 million people worldwide are diagnosed with liver disease each year. As a result, it is common for dentists to encounter these patients on a daily basis in their practice. The objective of this review is to establish the dental management of patients with liver disease. Material and methods A manual literature search was conducted using the indexed articles in PUBMED and EBSCO databases using the keywords "oral surgery," AND "liver disease," AND "hepatic cirrhosis," AND "dental management". Results Patients with liver disease present important characteristics for the dentist, which must be recognized in order to perform procedures with the lowest risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications. A patient with poorly controlled underlying liver disease is more prone to infections and bleeding, which implies a high risk of morbidity. Conclusions Dental care for patients with liver disease should be assessed according to the reason for consultation, control of the disease, the complexity of the procedure to be performed, and both intraoperative and postoperative hemostatic measures. All necessary hemostatic measures should be considered and dose adjustments should be considered in the use of NSAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Cancino
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Finis Terrae. Santiago, Chile. Universidad Finis Terrae Facultad de Odontología Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago Chile
| | - Sebastián Lazo
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Finis Terrae. Santiago, Chile. Universidad Finis Terrae Facultad de Odontología Universidad Finis Terrae Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Fonseca
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad del Desarrollo. Santiago, Chile. Universidad del Desarrollo Facultad de Odontología Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
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Aghdassi A, Schwedhelm E, Atzler D, Nauck M, Kühn JP, Kromrey ML, Völzke H, Felix SB, Dörr M, Ittermann T, Bahls M. The relationship between homoarginine and liver biomarkers: a combination of epidemiological and clinical studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5230. [PMID: 36997574 PMCID: PMC10063556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32363-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Homoarginine (hArg) is a non-essential cationic amino acid which inhibits hepatic alkaline phosphatases to exert inhibitory effects on bile secretion by targeting intrahepatic biliary epithelium. We analyzed (1) the relationship between hArg and liver biomarkers in two large population-based studies and (2) the impact of hArg supplementation on liver biomarkers. We assessed the relationship between alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatases (AP), albumin, total bilirubin, cholinesterase, Quick's value, liver fat, and Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) and hArg in appropriately adjusted linear regression models. We analyzed the effect of L-hArg supplemention (125 mg L-hArg daily for 4 weeks) on these liver biomarkers. We included 7638 individuals (men: 3705; premenopausal women: 1866, postmenopausal women: 2067). We found positive associations for hArg and ALT (β 0.38 µkatal/L 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.29; 0.48), AST (β 0.29 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.17; 0.41), GGT (β 0.033 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.014; 0.053), Fib-4 score (β 0.08 95% CI 0.03; 0.13), liver fat content (β 0.016% 95% CI 0.006; 0.026), albumin (β 0.030 g/L 95% CI 0.019; 0.040), and cholinesterase (β 0.003 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.002; 0.004) in males. In premenopausal women hArg was positively related with liver fat content (β 0.047% 95%CI 0.013; 0.080) and inversely with albumin (β - 0.057 g/L 95% CI - 0.073; - 0.041). In postmenopausal women hARG was positively associated with AST (β 0.26 µkatal/L 95% CI 0.11; 0.42). hArg supplementation did not affect liver biomarkers. We summarize that hArg may be a marker of liver dysfunction and should be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aghdassi
- Department of Medicine A - Gastroenterology, Nephrology, Endocrinology and Rheumatology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Atzler
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens-Peter Kühn
- Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital, Carl Gustav Carus University, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Institute for Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Till Ittermann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Bahls
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
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Nguyen TN, Jeng MJ, Chen NY, Yang CC. Outcomes of wasp and bee stings in Taiwan. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2023; 61:181-185. [PMID: 36892552 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2023.2173075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The families of Hymenoptera causing commonly poisonous animal stings in Taiwan include Apoidea (bee) and Vespidae (wasp). This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of the severity of envenomation following wasp or bee stings in Taiwan. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study by identifying all wasp and bee sting-related envenomation reported to the Taiwan National Poison Control Center between January 2001 and November 2021. Data were reviewed and abstracted by two independent reviewers. We then used ordinal logistic regression analysis to find potential predictors of severe wasp and bee sting-related envenomation. RESULTS In Taiwan, bee or wasp stings mainly occur in late summer and autumn. A total of 611 patients were reported to the Taiwan National Poison Control Center with 7.5% resulting in severe or fatal envenomation. Four-hundred and forty-one patients were eligible for the final analysis of the predictors of severity. Logistic regression analysis showed that a greater number of stings, being stung by wasps, older age, and stings over the body were significant predictors for greater severity. The systemic effects following wasp and bee sting included anaphylactic reaction, prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and elevated liver enzymes. CONCLUSIONS Wasps generally inflicted more severe envenomation than bees. Only 7.5% of patients had severe or fatal outcomes. Patients with older age, multiple stings, and/or multiple sites of stings were more likely to have severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngat Nguyen
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Tropical Diseases, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mei-Jy Jeng
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Yu Chen
- Taiwan National Poison Control Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Taiwan National Poison Control Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Rahimi S, Angaji SA, Majd A, Hatami B, Baghaei K. Evaluating the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the progression of NASH disease by inhibiting ceramide synthesis and ER stress-related pathways. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 942:175536. [PMID: 36693552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with intrahepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and hepatocyte death. Several studies have indicated that high-fat diets increase ceramide synthases-6 (CerS-6) expression and a concomitant elevation of C16-ceramides, which can modulate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and further contribute to the progression of NASH. Ceramide levels have reportedly been impacted by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in various diseases. This study looked into the role of bFGF on CerS6/C16-ceramide and ER stress-related pathways in a mouse model of NASH. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a western diet (WD) combined with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for eight weeks. Next, bFGF was injected into the NASH mice for seven days of continuous treatment. The effects of bFGF on NASH endpoints (including steatosis, inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis), ceramide levels and ER-stress-induced inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis were evaluated. Treatment with bFGF significantly reduced CerS-6/C16-ceramide. Further, the inflammatory condition was alleviated with reduction of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expression. ROS level was also reduced. ER stress-related cell death diminished by reducing C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) mRNA expression and caspase 3 activity. Furthermore, activation of the hepatic stellate cells was inhibited in the bFGF-treated mice by lowering the amount of alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) at the mRNA and protein level. According to our findings, CerS-6/C16-ceramide alteration impacts ER stress-mediated inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The bFGF treatment effectively attenuated the development of NASH by downregulating CerS-6/C16-ceramide and subsequent ER stress-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Rahimi
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Seyyed Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Genetic, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran, 1571914911, Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, 1651153311, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran; Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran.
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Gurumayum S, Bharadwaj S, Sheikh Y, Barge SR, Saikia K, Swargiary D, Ahmed SA, Thakur D, Borah JC. Taxifolin-3-O-glucoside from Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. mediates antihyperglycemic activity in CC1 hepatocytes and in diabetic Wistar rats via regulating AMPK/G6Pase/PEPCK signaling axis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:115936. [PMID: 36403743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Osbeckia nepalensis Hook. f. is an ICMR documented plant well known for its antidiabetic uses among the folk people of Northeast Region of India. In-depth study with scientific substantiation of the plant may uphold the therapeutic potential against the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluates the traditionally claimed prophylactic potential of O. nepalensis and its extracts along with the isolated compound taxifolin-3-O-glucoside (TG) against the downregulation of T2DM related hepatic gluconeogenesis through in vitro, in vivo and in silico conditions as a means of ameliorating hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antidiabetic potential of O. nepalensis was carried out in both CC1 hepatocytes (in vitro) and STZ-induced diabetic male Wistar rats (in vivo). Enriched bioactive fraction and bioactive molecules were isolated through bioactivity-guided fractionation, yielding two major molecules, taxifolin-3-O-glucoside and quercitin-3-O-rhamnoside. The bioactivity of taxifolin-3-O-glucoside was validated through immunoblotting techniques aided by in silico molecular docking and simulations. RESULTS Methanolic extract of O. nepalensis and taxifolin-3-O-glucoside (TG) isolated thereof enhanced the uptake of glucose in CC1 hepatocytes and downregulates the gluconeogenic enzymes (G6Pase and PEPCK) and its related transcription factors (FOXO1, HNF4α and PGC1α) through the stimulation of AMPK phosphorylation in in vitro condition. Moreover, in in vivo experiments, the in vitro most active fraction BuSFr1 (consisting of the two active major compounds taxifolin-3-O-glucoside and quercitin-3-O-rhamnoside) exhibited a substantial decrease in elevated blood glucose level and increase the glucose tolerance as well as plasma insulin level. In silico molecular docking and simulations for TG with the protein G6Pase inferred the docking sites and stability and showed taxifolin-3-O-glucoside as more potent and non-toxic as compared to quercitin-3-O-rhamnoside. CONCLUSION The traditionally claimed antidiabetic effect of O. nepalensis has been proved to be effective in lowering the blood glucose level through in vitro, in vivo and in silico analysis which will pave a way for the development of antidiabetic phytopharmaceutical drugs which can be validated through further clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Gurumayum
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India; Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 14, Assam, India
| | - Simanta Bharadwaj
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Yunus Sheikh
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Sagar R Barge
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Kangkon Saikia
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, India
| | - Deepsikha Swargiary
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Semim Akhtar Ahmed
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India
| | - Debajit Thakur
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, India
| | - Jagat C Borah
- Chemical Biology Laboratory 1, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Guwahati, Assam, 781035, India.
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Interaction between Acute Hepatic Injury and Early Coagulation Dysfunction on Mortality in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041534. [PMID: 36836066 PMCID: PMC9966038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), acute hepatic injury is an independent risk factor for prognosis and is associated with complex coagulation dynamics. This study aims to determine the interaction between acute hepatic injury and coagulation dysfunction on outcomes in AMI patients. METHODS The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-III) database was used to identify AMI patients who underwent liver function testing within 24 h of admission. After ruling out previous hepatic injury, patients were divided into the hepatic injury group and the nonhepatic injury group based on whether the alanine transaminase (ALT) level at admission was >3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN). The primary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) mortality. RESULTS Among 703 AMI patients (67.994% male, median age 65.139 years (55.757-76.859)), acute hepatic injury occurred in 15.220% (n = 107). Compared with the nonhepatic injury group, patients with hepatic injury had a higher Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) score (12 (6-18) vs. 7 (1-12), p < 0.001) and more severe coagulation dysfunction (85.047% vs. 68.960%, p < 0.001). In addition, acute hepatic injury was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio (OR) = 3.906; 95% CI: 2.053-7.433; p < 0.001), ICU mortality (OR = 4.866; 95% CI: 2.489-9.514; p < 0.001), 28-day mortality (OR = 4.129; 95% CI: 2.215-7.695; p < 0.001) and 90-day mortality (OR = 3.407; 95% CI: 1.883-6.165; p < 0.001) only in patients with coagulation disorder but not with normal coagulation. Unlike patients with coagulation disorder and normal liver, patients with both coagulation disorder and acute hepatic injury had greater odds of ICU mortality (OR = 8.565; 95% CI: 3.467-21.160; p < 0.001) than those with normal coagulation. CONCLUSIONS The effects of acute hepatic injury on prognosis are likely to be modulated by early coagulation disorder in AMI patients.
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Nafea O, Ibrahim F, Abdelhamid W. The reversed De Ritis ratio for predicting in-hospital mortality among intensive care patients with organophosphate poisoning. Biomarkers 2023; 28:111-117. [PMID: 36377078 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2148746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The uncontrolled use of pesticides signifies a substantial health hazard. This study was designed to explore the prognostic role of on-admission hepatic aminotransferases [alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST)] in the prediction of in-hospital mortality among patients with acute organophosphate (OP) poisoning. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study based on extracting the required information from the specific medical records for acutely OP-intoxicated patients admitted to the intensive care unit. RESULTS A total of 49 acutely malathion-intoxicated patients were enrolled in the study. The in-hospital mortality rate was 32.7%. Patients were stratified into survivors and non-survivors. Compared to the survivors, the non-survivors had significantly lower Glasgow coma scale scores, mean arterial blood pressure, significantly higher reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST), and ALT and AST activities. The reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST) and ALT demonstrated good discrimination between the survivors and the non-survivors with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.708 vs 0.781, respectively, however, AST showed satisfactory discrimination, AUC of 0.694. CONCLUSION Hepatic aminotransferases are useful in predicting in-hospital mortality in acute OP poisoning. ALT is the most specific biomarker. However, the reversed De Ritis ratio (ALT/AST) is the most sensitive one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Nafea
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Ibrahim
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Walaa Abdelhamid
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hepatocyte growth factor-mediated apoptosis mechanisms of cytotoxic CD8 + T cells in normal and cirrhotic livers. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:13. [PMID: 36658107 PMCID: PMC9852593 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intrahepatic stem/progenitor cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CD8+ T cells) in the cirrhotic liver undergo apoptosis, which potentially facilitates progression to cancer. Here, we report that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signaling plays an important role in promoting normal and damaged liver CD8+ T cell Fas-mediated apoptosis through its only receptor, c-Met. In addition to binding with HGF, c-Met also binds to Fas to form a complex. Using a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis mouse model, immunostaining, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, we found that HGF secretion was significantly higher at 10 weeks post-DEN, the liver cirrhotic phase (LCP), than at 3 weeks post-DEN, the liver fibrotic phase (LFP). Correspondingly, differences in CD8+ T cell proliferation and apoptosis were noted between the two phases. Interestingly, staining and TUNEL assays revealed lower smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)+ cell apoptosis, a marker for hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), in the LFP group than in the LCP group, which suggested a beneficial correlation among HGF, CD8+ T cells and HSCs in improving the fibrotic load during damaged liver repair. In cultures, when met different concentrations of recombinant HGF (rHGF), phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated naive mouse splenic CD8+ T cells (pn-msCD8+ T cells) responded differently; as increases in rHGF increased were associated with decreases in the clonal numbers of pn-msCD8+ T cells, and when the rHGF dose was greater than 200 ng/mL, the clonal numbers significantly decreased. In the presence of 400 ng/mL rHGF, the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) can be directly activated in both nsCD8+ T cells and healthy human peripheral blood CD8+ T cells (hp-CD8+ T cells), as indicated by recruitment of FADD and caspase-8 because DISC forms via the recruitment of FADD and caspase-8, among others. These findings suggest that Fas-mediated apoptosis, may also indicate a regulatory role of HGF signaling in hepatic homeostasis.
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James E, Goodall S, Nichols S, Walker K, Carroll S, O'Doherty AF, Ingle L. Serum transthyretin and aminotransferases are associated with lean mass in people with coronary heart disease: Further insights from the CARE-CR study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1094733. [PMID: 36891188 PMCID: PMC9986330 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1094733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Low muscle mass disproportionately affects people with coronary heart disease compared to healthy controls but is under-researched and insufficiently treated. Inflammation, poor nutrition, and neural decline might contribute to low muscle mass. This study aimed to assess circulatory biomarkers related to these mechanisms [albumin, transthyretin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and C-terminal agrin fragment] and their relationship with muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Our findings could be beneficial to indicate mechanisms of sarcopenia, detect sarcopenia, and evaluate treatment. Methods Serum blood samples from people with coronary heart disease were analysed for biomarker concentrations using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Skeletal muscle mass was estimated using dual X-ray absorptiometry derived appendicular lean mass and reported as skeletal muscle index (SMI; kg m-2), and as a proportion of total body mass [appendicular skeletal mass (ASM%)]. Low muscle mass was defined as a SMI <7.0 and <6.0 kg m-2, or ASM% <25.72 and <19.43% for men and women, respectively. Associations between biomarkers and lean mass were adjusted for age and inflammation. Results Sixty-four people were assessed; 14 (21.9%) had low muscle mass. People with low muscle mass had lower transthyretin (effect size 0.34, p = 0.007), ALT (effect size 0.34, p = 0.008), and AST (effect size 0.26, p = 0.037) concentrations, compared to those with normal muscle mass. SMI was associated with inflammation-corrected ALT (r = 0.261, p = 0.039) and with inflammation- and age-adjusted AST/ALT ratio (r = -0.257, p = 0.044). Albumin and C-terminal agrin fragment were not associated with muscle mass indices. Conclusion Circulatory transthyretin, ALT and AST were associated with low muscle mass in people with coronary heart disease. Low concentrations of these biomarkers might indicate that low muscle mass is partially explained by poor nutrition and high inflammation in this cohort. Targeted treatments to address these factors could be considered for people with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily James
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Nichols
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walker
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Carroll
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair F O'Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Ingle
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Murakami K, Tanaka Y, Mishiro T, Sano C, Ohta R. Gallstone Hepatitis Caused by Transient Common Bile Duct Obstruction in a Middle-Aged Woman. Cureus 2022; 14:e30192. [PMID: 36397894 PMCID: PMC9648910 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The interpretation of hepatocholangial laboratory test results is challenging. Possible liver biochemical tests include the evaluation of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, 5'-nucleotidase, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and albumin levels, as well as prothrombin time and international normalized ratio. When liver enzyme levels are elevated, R-values are generally used for diagnosis. A 62-year-old woman presented to our hospital with the chief complaint of abdominal pain and was consequently diagnosed with gallstone hepatitis based on her blood test results. Generally, gallstone hepatitis manifests as elevated liver enzyme levels showing a hepatocellular pattern, while common bile duct obstructions show a cholestatic pattern. Since gallstone hepatitis is indistinguishable from viral and ischemic hepatitis in the early stages of onset, it is vital to monitor changes in symptoms, biochemical tests, and imaging results over time to diagnose this disease.
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Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Liver Tissues and Serum in db/db Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179687. [PMID: 36077090 PMCID: PMC9455973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects one-quarter of individuals worldwide. Liver biopsy, as the current reliable method for NAFLD evaluation, causes low patient acceptance because of the nature of invasive sampling. Therefore, sensitive non-invasive serum biomarkers are urgently needed. Results: The serum gene ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed the DEPs enriched in pathways including JAK-STAT and FoxO. GO analysis indicated that serum DEPs were mainly involved in the cellular process, metabolic process, response to stimulus, and biological regulation. Hepatic proteomic KEGG analysis revealed the DEPs were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, retinol metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, fatty acid elongation, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glutathione metabolism, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. GO analysis revealed that DEPs predominantly participated in cellular, biological regulation, multicellular organismal, localization, signaling, multi-organism, and immune system processes. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) implied diverse clusters of the DEPs. Besides, the paralleled changes of the common upregulated and downregulated DEPs existed in both the liver and serum were validated in the mRNA expression of NRP1, MUP3, SERPINA1E, ALPL, and ALDOB as observed in our proteomic screening. Methods: We conducted hepatic and serum proteomic analysis based on the leptin-receptor-deficient mouse (db/db), a well-established diabetic mouse model with overt obesity and NAFLD. The results show differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in hepatic and serum proteomic analysis. A parallel reaction monitor (PRM) confirmed the authenticity of the selected DEPs. Conclusion: These results are supposed to offer sensitive non-invasive serum biomarkers for diabetes and NAFLD.
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Acute Hepatitis A-Induced Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070845. [PMID: 35888564 PMCID: PMC9325281 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The pathogenesis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is little known. Previous case reports suggest that several viral hepatitis, including hepatitis A, can trigger AIH. Patient: A 55-year-old female showed general weakness and jaundice. The patient was diagnosed with acute hepatitis A and discharged after 14 days of hospitalization with improving liver function. However, blood tests performed 6 days after discharge revealed an increase in liver enzymes and high serum titers of an anti-nuclear antibody and immunoglobulin G. She was readmitted for liver biopsy. Diagnosis: Liver biopsy showed acute hepatitis A along with AIH. According to the revised international autoimmune hepatitis group scoring system, her score was 14 and she was diagnosed as AIH induced by acute hepatitis A. Intervention: Conservative treatments with crystalloid (Lactated Ringer’s Solution), ursodeoxycholic acid, and silymarin were administered. Outcomes: The patient has been followed up on an outpatient basis and neither symptom recurrence nor an increase in liver enzymes has been reported thus far. Lessons: After the treatment of acute hepatitis A, liver function needs to be carefully monitored over time, and the possibility of autoimmune hepatitis should be considered when liver enzymes increases.
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Optimal diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. ASIAN BIOMED 2022; 16:1-2. [PMID: 37551399 PMCID: PMC10321157 DOI: 10.2478/abm-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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