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Gwon HJ, Chung YH, Lim DS, Cho W, Choi SW, Abd El-Aty AM, Song JH, Shin YK, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Uvaol ameliorates lipid deposition in hyperlipidemic hepatocytes by suppressing protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B/ER stress signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 730:150387. [PMID: 39002201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Uvaol (UV), a pentacyclic triterpene found in olives and virgin olive oil, is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in various disease models. While olive oil is reported to reduce obesity and insulin resistance, the specific impact of UV on liver lipid metabolism and its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, hepatic lipid accumulation was measured using oil red O staining, and protein expression levels in liver cells were assessed via Western blot analysis. Apoptosis was evaluated through cell viability and caspase 3 activity assays. UV treatment reduced lipid accumulation, fatty acid uptake, apoptosis, and ER stress in palmitate-treated liver cells. Additionally, UV enhanced fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, increased SIRT6 expression and autophagy were observed in UV-treated cells. SIRT6-targeted siRNA or 3-methyladenine blocked the effects of UV in hyperlipidemic cells. In conclusion, UV improves SIRT6/autophagy signaling, reducing lipid deposition and apoptosis in liver cells under high lipid conditions. This in vitro study provides strong evidence for potential therapeutic strategies for hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Ji Gwon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Chung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Su Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240, Turkey.
| | - Jin-Ho Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Lang LI, Wang ZZ, Liu B, Chang-Qing SHEN, Jing-Yi TU, Shi-Cheng WANG, Rui-Ling LEI, Si-Qi PENG, Xiong XIAO, Yong-Ju ZHAO, Qiu XY. The effects and mechanisms of heat stress on mammalian oocyte and embryo development. J Therm Biol 2024; 124:103927. [PMID: 39153259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The sum of nonspecific physiological responses exhibited by mammals in response to the disruption of thermal balance caused by high-temperature environments is referred to as heat stress (HS). HS affects the normal development of mammalian oocyte and embryos and leads to significant economic losses. Therefore, it is of great importance to gain a deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the effects of HS on oocyte and embryonic development and to explore strategies for mitigating or preventing its detrimental impacts in the livestock industry. This article provides an overview of the negative effects of HS on mammalian oocyte growth, granulosa cell maturation and function, and embryonic development. It summarizes the mechanisms by which HS affects embryonic development, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), endocrine disruption, the heat shock system, mitochondrial autophagy, and molecular-level alterations. Furthermore, it discusses various measures to ameliorate the effects of HS, such as antioxidant use, enhancement of mitochondrial function, gene editing, cultivating varieties possessing heat-resistant genes, and optimizing the animals'rearing environment. This article serves as a valuable reference for better understanding the relationship between HS and mammalian embryonic development as well as for improving the development of mammalian embryos and economic benefits under HS conditions in livestock production.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Lang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - S H E N Chang-Qing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - T U Jing-Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - W A N G Shi-Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - L E I Rui-Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - P E N G Si-Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - X I A O Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Z H A O Yong-Ju
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Herbivore Science, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Huang L, Tan L, Lv Z, Chen W, Wu J. Pharmacology of bioactive compounds from plant extracts for improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through endoplasmic reticulum stress modulation: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25053. [PMID: 38322838 PMCID: PMC10844061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition with significant clinical implications. Emerging research indicates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as a critical pathogenic factor governing inflammatory responses, lipid metabolism and insulin signal transduction in patients with NAFLD. ER stress-associated activation of multiple signal transduction pathways, including the unfolded protein response, disrupts lipid homeostasis and substantially contributes to NAFLD development and progression. Targeting ER stress for liver function enhancement presents an innovative therapeutic strategy. Notably, the natural bioactive compounds of plant extracts have shown potential for treating NAFLD by reducing the level of ER stress marker proteins and mitigating inflammation, stress responses, and de novo lipogenesis. However, owing to limited comprehensive reviews, the effectiveness and pharmacology of these bioactive compounds remain uncertain. Objectives To address the abovementioned challenges, the current review categorizes the bioactive compounds of plant extracts by chemical structures and properties into flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, lipids and quinones and examines their ameliorative potential for NAFLD under ER stress. Methods This review systematically analyses the literature on the interactions of bioactive compounds from plant extracts with molecular targets under ER stress, providing a holistic view of NAFLD therapy. Results Bioactive compounds from plant extracts may improve NAFLD by alleviating ER stress; reducing lipid synthesis, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis and enhancing fatty acid metabolism. This provides a multifaceted approach for treating NAFLD. Conclusion This review underscores the role of ER stress in NAFLD and the potential of plant bioactive compounds in treating this condition. The molecular mechanisms by which plant bioactive compounds interact with their ER stress targets provide a basis for further exploration in NAFLD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Tan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuo Lv
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Chronic Disease in Prevention and Treatment, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, Kunming, China
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Yang M, Yao X, Xia F, Xiang S, Tang W, Zhou B. Hugan Qingzhi tablets attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats by regulating PERK and ATF6 pathways. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:36. [PMID: 38216941 PMCID: PMC10785447 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, promoting lipid metabolism disorders and steatohepatitis, contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hugan Qingzhi tablets (HQT) has a definite effect in the clinical treatment of NAFLD patients, but its mechanism is still unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of HQT on ER stress in the liver tissues of NAFLD rats and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS The NAFLD rat model was managed with high-fat diet (HFD) for 12weeks. HQT was administrated in a daily basis to the HFD groups. Biochemical markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, liver histology were assayed to evaluate HQT effects in HFD-induced NAFLD rats. Furthermore, the expression of ER stress-related signal molecules including glucose regulating protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), p-PERK, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (EIF2α), p-EIF2α, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), acetyl-coenzyme A-carboxylase (ACC), activating transcription factor (ATF6), and nuclear factor-kappa B-p65 (NF-κB-p65) were detected by western blot and/or qRT-PCR. RESULTS The histopathological characteristics and biochemical data indicated that HQT exhibited protective effects on HFD-induced NAFLD rats. Furthermore, it caused significant reduction in the expression of ERS markers, such as GRP78, PERK, p-PERK, and ATF6, and subsequently downregulated the expression of EIF2α, p-EIF2α ATF4, ACC, and NF-κB-p65. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that HQT has protective effect against hepatic steatosis and inflammation in NAFLD rats by attenuating ER stress, and the potential mechanism is through inhibition of PERK and ATF6 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, 518109, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaorui Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Shijian Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China
| | - Waijiao Tang
- Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, Guangdong, China
| | - Benjie Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, PR China.
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Han JS, Joung JY, Kim HW, Kim JH, Choi HS, Bae HJ, Jang JH, Oh NS. Enhanced Cholesterol-Lowering and Antioxidant Activities of Soymilk by Fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1475-1483. [PMID: 37482800 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2306.06036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant activities of soymilk fermented with probiotic Lactobacillaceae strains and to investigate the production of related bioactive compounds. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KML06 (KML06) was selected for the fermentation of soymilk because it has the highest antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and β-glucosidase activities among the 10 Lactobacillaceae strains isolated from kimchi. The genomic information of strain KML06 was analyzed. Moreover, soymilk fermented with KML06 was evaluated for growth kinetics, metabolism, and functional characteristics during the fermentation period. The number of viable cells, which was similar to the results of radical scavenging activities and cholesterol assimilation, as well as the amount of soy isoflavone aglycones, daidzein, and genistein, was the highest at 12 h of fermentation. These results indicate that soymilk fermented with KML06 can prevent oxidative stress and cholesterol-related problems through the production of soy isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seung Han
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Joung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Bio-integrated Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Su Choi
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Bae
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Jang
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Su Oh
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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6
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Zhaohui C, Cifei T, Di H, Weijia Z, Cairui H, Zecong L, Xiaobo H. ROS-mediated PERK-CHOP pathway plays an important role in cadmium-induced HepG2 cells apoptosis. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2271-2280. [PMID: 37300854 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common heavy metal that is highly toxic to the liver, however, the exact mechanism underlying this damage accompanied by apoptosis has not been thoroughly demonstrated. In this study, we found that Cd exposure significantly reduced cell viability, including the increased populations of apoptotic cells and caspase-3/-7/-12 activation in HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, Cd initiated oxidative stress via elevating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, leading to oxidative damage in HepG2 cells. Simultaneously, Cd exposure induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via activating the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) axis in HepG2 cells, and subsequently disturbed ER function as increased Ca2+ releasing from ER lumen. Intriguingly, further study revealed that oxidative stress is closely related with ER stress, as pretreatment with ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) markedly reduced ER stress as well as protected ER function in Cd treated HepG2 cell. Collectively, these findings first revealed Cd exposure induced HepG2 cells death via a ROS-mediated PERK-CHOP-related apoptotic signaling pathway, which provides a novel insight into the mechanisms of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibitors for oxidative stress and ER stress might be considered as a new strategy to prevent or treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Zhaohui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tang Cifei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Huang Di
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zeng Weijia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Han Cairui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zecong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hu Xiaobo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Critical Human Diseases Prevention of Hunan Province Department of Education, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Nam Y, Kim M, Erdenebileg S, Cha KH, Ryu DH, Kim HY, Lee SH, Jung JH, Nho CW. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis by Modulating Oxidative Stress, Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Gut Microbiota in CDAHFD-Induced Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3779. [PMID: 37686810 PMCID: PMC10490207 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver diseases and encompasses non-alcoholic steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SO) roots have traditionally been used for their antioxidant properties and have beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, including diabetes and obesity. However, its effects on hepatic steatosis and fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we explored the effects of a 95% ethanolic SO extract (SOEE) on NAFLD and fibrosis in vivo and in vitro. The SOEE was orally administered to C57BL/6J mice fed a choline-deficient, L-amino-acid-defined, high-fat diet for 10 weeks. The SOEE inhibited hepatic steatosis by modulating hepatic malondialdehyde levels and the expression of oxidative stress-associated genes, regulating fatty-acid-oxidation-related genes, and inhibiting the expression of genes that are responsible for fibrosis. The SOEE suppressed the deposition of extracellular matrix hydroxyproline and mRNA expression of fibrosis-associated genes. The SOEE decreased the expression of fibrosis-related genes in vitro by inhibiting SMAD2/3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, the SOEE restored the gut microbial diversity and modulated specific bacterial genera associated with NAFLD and fibrosis. This study suggests that SOEE might be the potential candidate for inhibiting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis by modulating oxidative stress, fatty acid oxidation, and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseong Nam
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Myungsuk Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Saruul Erdenebileg
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Ho Youn Kim
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Su Hyeon Lee
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; (Y.N.); (M.K.); (S.E.); (K.H.C.); (H.Y.K.)
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (D.H.R.); (S.H.L.); (J.H.J.)
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8
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Jeong S, Shin EC, Lee JH, Ha JH. Particulate Matter Elevates Ocular Inflammation and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4766. [PMID: 36981676 PMCID: PMC10049273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Because of their exposure to air, eyes can come into contact with air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM), which may cause severe ocular pathologies. Prolonged ocular PM exposure may increase inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the retina. Herein, we investigated whether PM exposure induces ocular inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cellular responses in human retinal epithelium-19 (ARPE-19) cells. To understand how PM promotes ocular inflammation, we monitored the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκB) axis and the expression of key inflammatory mRNAs. We also measured the upregulation of signature components for the ER-related unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways, as well as intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) levels, as readouts for ER stress induction following PM exposure. Ocular PM exposure significantly elevated the expression of multiple cytokine mRNAs and increased phosphorylation levels of NFκB-MAPK axis in a PM dose-dependent manner. Moreover, incubation with PM significantly increased [Ca2+]i levels and the expression of UPR-related proteins, which indicated ER stress resulting from cell hypoxia, and upregulation of hypoxic adaptation mechanisms such as the ER-associated UPR pathways. Our study demonstrated that ocular PM exposure increased inflammation in ARPE-19 cells, by activating the MAPK/NFκB axis and cytokine mRNA expression, while also inducing ER stress and stress adaptation responses. These findings may provide helpful insight into clinical and non-clinical research examining the role of PM exposure in ocular pathophysiology and delineating its underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Jeong
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Department of GreenBio Science/Food Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwa Lee
- Bioanalytical and Pharmacokinetic Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Heun Ha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Industrialization of Natural Neutralization, Dankook University, Yongin 16890, Republic of Korea
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9
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Endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibition ameliorated WFS1 expression alterations and reduced pancreatic islets' insulin secretion induced by high-fat diet in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1860. [PMID: 36725880 PMCID: PMC9892558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the development of glucose homeostasis impairment. When ER stress occurs, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to cope with it. One of the UPR components is WFS1 (Wolfram syndrome 1), which plays important roles in ER homeostasis and pancreatic islets glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Accordingly and considering that feeding high-fat food has a major contribution in metabolic disorders, this study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of pancreatic ER stress in glucose metabolism impairment induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats. After weaning, the rats were divided into six groups, and fed on normal diet and HFD for 20 weeks, then 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA, an ER stress inhibitor) was administered. Subsequently, in all groups, after performing glucose tolerance test, the animals were dissected and their pancreases were removed to extract ER, islets isolation and assessment of GSIS. Moreover, the pancreatic ER stress [binding of immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)] and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase] biomarkers as well as WFS1 expression level were evaluated. HFD decreased pancreatic WFS1 protein and GSH levels, and enhanced pancreatic catalase activity, MDA content, BIP and CHOP protein and mRNA levels as well as Wfs1 mRNA amount. Accordingly, it increased BIP, CHOP and WFS1 protein levels in the extracted ER of pancreas. In addition, the HFD caused glucose intolerance, and decreased the islets' GSIS and insulin content. However, 4-PBA administration restored the alterations. It seems that, HFD consumption through inducing pancreatic ER stress, altered WFS1 expression levels, reduced the islets' GSIS and insulin content and finally impaired glucose homeostasis.
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Peonidin-3-O-Glucoside from Purple Corncob Ameliorates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating Mitochondrial and Lysosome Functions to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020372. [PMID: 36678243 PMCID: PMC9866220 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A frequent chronic liver condition across the world is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oxidative stress caused by lipid accumulation is generally considered to be the main cause of NAFLD. Anthocyanins can effectively inhibit the production of reactive oxygen species and improve oxidative stress. In this work, six major anthocyanins were separated from purple corncob by semi-preparative liquid chromatography. The effects of the 6 kinds of anthocyanins against NAFLD were investigated using a free fatty acid (FFA)-induced cell model. The results showed that peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) can significantly reduce lipid accumulation in the NAFLD cell model. The treatment with P3G also inhibited oxidative stress via inhibiting the excessive production of reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion, increasing glutathione levels, and enhancing the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Further studies unveiled that treatment with P3G not only alleviated inflammation but also improved the depletion of mitochondrial content and damage of the mitochondrial electron transfer chain developed concomitantly in the cell model. P3G upregulated transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal function and activated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-mediated peroxisomal lipid oxidation by interacting with PPARα possibly. Overall, this study added to our understanding of the protective effects of purple corn anthocyanins against NAFLD and offered suggestions for developing functional foods containing these anthocyanins.
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Fu Y, Zhou Y, Shen L, Li X, Zhang H, Cui Y, Zhang K, Li W, Chen WD, Zhao S, Li Y, Ye W. Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:973366. [PMID: 36408234 PMCID: PMC9666875 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.973366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence rate of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is approximately 25%. With the global increase in obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes, NAFLD has become an important cause of chronic liver disease in many countries. Despite recent advances in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutics, there are still challenges in its treatment. In this review, we briefly describe diagnostic methods, therapeutic targets, and drugs related to NAFLD. In particular, we focus on evaluating carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, lipotoxicity, cell death, inflammation, and fibrosis as potential therapeutic targets for NAFLD. We also summarized the clinical research progress in terms of drug development and combination therapy, thereby providing references for NAFLD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yanzhi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Linhu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haorui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yeqi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Weiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei-dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Yunfu Li
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
| | - Wenling Ye
- Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, Hebi Key Laboratory of Liver Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The People’s Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Shizhen Zhao, ; Yunfu Li, ; Wenling Ye,
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Mandal A. The Focus on Core Genetic Factors That Regulate Hepatic Injury in Cattle Seems to be Important for the Dairy Sector’s Long-Term Development. Vet Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.108151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cattle during the perinatal period, as well as malnutrition, generate oxidative stress which leads to high culling rates of calves after calving across the world. Although metabolic diseases have such a negative impact on the welfare and economic value of dairy cattle, that becomes a serious industrial concern across the world. According to research, genetic factors have a role or controlling fat deposition in the liver by influencing the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, all of which contribute to hepatic damage. This review focuses on the critical regulatory mechanisms of VEGF, mTOR/AKT/p53, TNF-alpha, Nf-kb, interleukin, and antioxidants that regulate lipid peroxidation in the liver via direct or indirect pathways, suggesting that they could be a potential critical therapeutic target for hepatic disease.
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Bioinformatics Analysis of Common Genetic and Molecular Traits and Association of Portal Hypertension with Pulmonary Hypertension. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:9237701. [PMID: 36312597 PMCID: PMC9613398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9237701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Portal hypertension (PH) is an important cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH), but its mechanism is still unclear. We used genetic data analysis to explore the shared genes and molecular mechanisms of PH and PAH. We downloaded the PH and PAH data from the GEO database, and used the weighted gene coexpression network analysis method (WGCNA) to analyze the coexpression modules of idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (INCPH) and cirrhotic portal hypertension (CPH) and pulmonary hypertension, respectively. Enrichment analysis was performed on the common genes, and differential gene expressions (DEGs) were used for verification. The target genes of INCPH and PAH were obtained by string and cytoscape software, and the miRNAs of target genes were predicted by miRwalk, miRDB, and TargetScan and their biological functions were analyzed; finally, we used PanglaoDB to predict the expression of target genes in cells. In WGCNA, gene modules significantly related to PAH, CPH, and INCPH were identified, and enrichment function analysis showed that the common pathway of PAH and CPH were “P53 signaling pathway,” “synthesis of neutral lipids”; PAH and INCPH are “terminal,” “Maintenance Regulation of Granules,” and “Toxin Transport.” DEGs confirmed the results of WGCNA; the common miRNA functions of PAH and cirrhosis were enriched for “P53 signaling pathway,” “TGF-β signaling pathway,” “TNF signaling pathway,” and “fatty acid metabolism,” and the miRNAs-mRNAs network suggested that hsa-miR-22a-3p regulates MDM2 and hsa-miR-34a-5p regulates PRDX4; the target genes of PAH and INCPH are EIF5B, HSPA4, GNL3, RARS, UTP20, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90B1, METAP2, NARS, SACM1L, and their target miRNA function enrichment showed EIF5B, HNRNPA2B1, HSP90B1, METAP2, NARS, SACM1L, and HSPA4 are associated with telomeres and inflammation, panglaoDB showed that target genes are located in endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, etc. In conclusion, the mechanism of pulmonary hypertension induced by portal hypertension may be related to telomere dysfunction and P53 overactivation, and lipid metabolism and intestinal inflammation are also involved in this process.
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Mechanistic Research into the Effects of the Jianpi Xiaozhi Formula on Liver Injury in Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7490747. [PMID: 35911164 PMCID: PMC9328966 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7490747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of Jianpi Xiaozhi Formula (JPXZF) action in attenuating liver injury in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A rat model of T2DM was established. Forty-eight male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated to six groups: healthy untreated rats (normal control (NC)), rats with diabetes mellitus (DM), diabetic rats treated with low-dosage JPXZF (DM + JL), diabetic rats treated with an intermediate JPXZF dosage (DM + JM), diabetic rats treated with high-dosage JPXZF (DM + JH), and diabetic rats treated with 4-phenylbutyric acid (PBA) (DM + PBA). The rats in each group were given the indicated drugs for 8 weeks, and pathological changes in the liver tissues of each rat group were observed by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting (WB) were performed to determine the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), family with sequence similarity 134, member B (FAM134B), P62, Beclin-1, and light chain 3II/I (LC3II/I) genes and proteins in the liver tissues of the rats in each group. Immunofluorescence was used to observe changes in FAM134B expression. Results After successfully establishing the rat model, RT-PCR assays revealed that, compared with those in the NC group rats, the expression levels of GRP78, ATF6, and P62 mRNA in the livers of the DM group rats were significantly increased, and the relative expression levels of FAM134B and Beclin-1 mRNA were significantly decreased. Compared with that in the DM group, the relative expression of GRP78, ATF6, and P62 mRNA in the liver of the rats in each JPXZF intervention group was decreased in a dosage-dependent manner, and the relative expression of FAM134B and Beclin-1 mRNA was increased significantly (p < 0.05). WB indicated that, compared with that in the NC group rats, the LC3II/I protein expression ratio in the liver of the DM group rats was significantly reduced, and the LC3II/I protein expression ratio in the liver of the rats in each JPXZF intervention group was significantly increased. In addition, the expression of the other measured proteins was consistent with that of the corresponding mRNA measured by RT-PCR (p < 0.05). The immunofluorescence assay results showed that FAM134B changes were consistent with the results obtained by RT-PCR and WB (p < 0.05). Conclusion Jianpi Xiaozhi Formula may be effective in treating liver injury in diabetic rats by regulating autophagy induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS).
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Research Progress on the Mechanism of Acupuncture Treatment for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2022; 2022:5259088. [PMID: 35782337 PMCID: PMC9242809 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5259088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, ranging from simple steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acupuncture is a long-established treatment in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD, and a certain degree of progress has been made in the study of related mechanisms. However, previous systematic reviews have not discussed the characteristics and the related mechanisms of acupuncture in the treatment of NAFLD. Therefore, this review synthesizes the progress in research on acupuncture in the context of NAFLD treatment by the inhibition of inflammatory responses, regulation of lipid metabolism disorder, treatment of insulin resistance, antagonization of oxidative stress injury, and interference with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Overall, we sought to highlight the latest research results, potential applications, and ongoing challenges of this therapy.
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Wasta Esmail VA, Al-Nimer MS, Mohammed MO. Effects of Orlistat or Telmisartan on the Serum Free Fatty Acids in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Patients: An Open-Labeled Randomized Controlled Study. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2022; 33:421-426. [PMID: 35678800 PMCID: PMC11157823 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the important inducers of inflammatory responses and accumulation of fat in hepatocytes is free fatty acids which ultimately lead to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have high levels of plasma free fatty acids which are usually associated with type 2 diabetes and components of metabolic syndrome including dyslipidemia. Objective of this research is to investigate the effects of orlistat (a lipase enzyme inhibitor) or telmisartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker) on the serum free fatty acids in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients taking into consideration the baseline lipid profile. METHODS This open-label clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine at the University of Sulaimani in cooperation with Shar Teaching Hospital in Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. A total number of 74 non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients were recruited and grouped randomly into group I (n = 25) treated with orlistat (120 mg/day orally) for 12 weeks, group II (n = 24) treated with telmisartan (20 mg/day orally) for 8 weeks, and group III (n = 25) treated with placebo (carboxy- methyl cellulose) once daily. Fasting serum level of free fatty acid and lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoproteins were determined. RESULTS Orlistat and telmisartan significantly reduced the triglyceride-glucose index and free fatty acid levels (P < .001) in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with orlistat or telmisartan produce effective and significant reductions in FFAs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease compared to placebo. Orlistat effectively reduces the free fatty acid irrespective of the baseline lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian Ahmed Wasta Esmail
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani Faculty of Pharmacy, Sulaimani, Iraq
| | - Marwan S.M. Al-Nimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hawler Medical University Faculty of Pharmacy, Erbil, Iraq
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it still remains an orphan of adequate therapies. This review highlights the interaction between oxidative stress (OS) and disturbed lipid metabolism. Several reactive oxygen species generators, including those produced in the gastrointestinal tract, contribute to the lipotoxic hepatic (and extrahepatic) damage by fatty acids and a great variety of their biologically active metabolites in a “multiple parallel-hit model”. This leads to inflammation and fibrogenesis and contributes to NAFLD progression. The alterations of the oxidant/antioxidant balance affect also metabolism-related organelles, leading to lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This OS-induced damage is at least partially counteracted by the physiological antioxidant response. Therefore, modulation of this defense system emerges as an interesting target to prevent NAFLD development and progression. For instance, probiotics, prebiotics, diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. The OS and its counter-regulation are under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors, coupled with new OS biomarkers, will likely assist in noninvasive diagnosis and monitoring of NAFLD progression and in further personalizing treatments.
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Duwaerts CC, Maiers JL. ER Disposal Pathways in Chronic Liver Disease: Protective, Pathogenic, and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:804097. [PMID: 35174209 PMCID: PMC8841999 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.804097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is a central player in liver pathophysiology. Chronic injury to the ER through increased lipid content, alcohol metabolism, or accumulation of misfolded proteins causes ER stress, dysregulated hepatocyte function, inflammation, and worsened disease pathogenesis. A key adaptation of the ER to resolve stress is the removal of excess or misfolded proteins. Degradation of intra-luminal or ER membrane proteins occurs through distinct mechanisms that include ER-associated Degradation (ERAD) and ER-to-lysosome-associated degradation (ERLAD), which includes macro-ER-phagy, micro-ER-phagy, and Atg8/LC-3-dependent vesicular delivery. All three of these processes are critical for removing misfolded or unfolded protein aggregates, and re-establishing ER homeostasis following expansion/stress, which is critical for liver function and adaptation to injury. Despite playing a key role in resolving ER stress, the contribution of these degradative processes to liver physiology and pathophysiology is understudied. Analysis of publicly available datasets from diseased livers revealed that numerous genes involved in ER-related degradative pathways are dysregulated; however, their roles and regulation in disease progression are not well defined. Here we discuss the dynamic regulation of ER-related protein disposal pathways in chronic liver disease and cell-type specific roles, as well as potentially targetable mechanisms for treatment of chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica L. Maiers
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Park HJ, Yang SG, Koo DB. SESN2/NRF2 signaling activates as a direct downstream regulator of the PERK pathway against endoplasmic reticulum stress to improve the in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:413-427. [PMID: 34923100 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.12.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a critical regulator of oxidative stress in mammalian oocytes. Our previous study described the protective effects of Sestrin-2 (SESN2) as a stress regulator against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). However, their roles in unfolded protein response-related signaling pathways in porcine oocyte maturation capacity remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of SESN2/NRF2 signaling in H2O2-induced oxidative stress and ER stress via protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) downstream factor during porcine oocyte maturation. Here, we found that the p-NRF2(Ser40) activation in the nucleus of porcine oocytes was accompanied by PERK signaling downregulation using western blot and immunofluorescence staining at 44 h after IVM. The total and nuclear NRF2 protein expression was also induced in porcine oocytes following H2O2 and tunicamycin (Tm) exposure. Notably, the upregulation of PERK signaling significantly increased the SESN2 and NRF2 signaling in H2O2-and Tm-exposed porcine cumulus oocyte complexes. Interestingly, inducing the knockdown of the SESN2 gene expression by siRNA interrupted the NRF2 signaling activation of porcine oocyte maturation, whereas NRF2 expression blockade by ochratoxin A, an NRF2 inhibitor, did not affect the expression level of the SESN2 protein. Moreover, a defect in SESN2 completely blocked the activity of nuclear NRF2 on spindle assembly in porcine oocytes. These findings suggest that the PERK/SESN2/NRF2 signaling pathway may play an important role against ER stress during meiotic maturation and oocyte maturation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Bon Koo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea; Institute of Infertility, Daegu University, 201 Daegudae-ro, Jillyang, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou Y, Liu Z, Qiao G, Tang B, Li P. Visualization of endoplasmic reticulum viscosity in the liver of mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by a near-infrared fluorescence probe. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Chromium picolinate balances the metabolic and clinical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 33:1298-1306. [PMID: 32804855 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complicated disease and is considered as a severe global health problem affecting 30% of adults worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate changes in oxidative stress, adipokines, liver enzyme, and body composition following treatment with chromium picolinate (CrPic) among patients with NAFLD. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 46 NAFLD patients with the age range of 20-65 years. Patients were randomly classified into two groups, receiving either 400 µg CrPic tablets in two divided doses of 200 µg (23 patients) or placebo (23 patients) daily for 12 weeks. The participants' body composition and biochemical parameters were evaluated at the baseline and after 12 weeks. RESULTS Serum levels of liver enzymes reduced significantly only in the CrPic group (P < 0.05 for all), but not between the groups after the intervention. Besides, there were significant differences between the study groups regarding body weight and body fat mass, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, leptin, and adiponectin post-intervention (P = 0.017, P = 0.032, P = 0.003, P = 0.023, P = 0.012, P = 0.003, and P = 0.042, respectively). However, glutathione peroxidase and resistin levels did not differ significantly between groups (P = 0.127 and P = 0.688, respectively). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study showed that consuming 400 µg/day of CrPic for 12 weeks in patients with NAFLD causes a significant change in leptin, adiponectin, oxidative stress (expect glutathione peroxidase), and body weight, compared to baseline. Nevertheless, it does not affect liver enzymes. Therefore, the CrPic supplementation may improve adipokines, some anthropometric indices, and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD.
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Inhibition of cardiac PERK signaling promotes peripartum cardiac dysfunction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18687. [PMID: 34548576 PMCID: PMC8455649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a life-threatening heart failure occurring in the peripartum period. Although mal-angiogenesis, induced by the 16-kDa N-terminal prolactin fragment (16 K PRL), is involved in the pathogenesis, the effect of full-length prolactin (23 K PRL) is poorly understood. We transfected neonate rat cardiomyocytes with plasmids containing 23 K PRL or 16 K PRL in vitro and found that 23 K PRL, but not 16 K PRL, upregulated protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling, and hypoxia promoted this effect. During the perinatal period, cardiomyocyte-specific PERK homogenous knockout (CM-KO) mice showed PPCM phenotypes after consecutive deliveries. Downregulation of PERK or JAK/STAT signaling and upregulation of apoptosis were observed in CM-KO mouse hearts. Moreover, in bromocriptine-treated CM-KO mice, cardiac function did not improve and cardiomyocyte apoptosis was not suppressed during the peripartum period. These results demonstrate that interaction between 23 K PRL and PERK signaling is cardioprotective during the peripartum term.
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Souza-Neto FV, Jiménez-González S, Delgado-Valero B, Jurado-López R, Genty M, Romero-Miranda A, Rodríguez C, Nieto ML, Martínez-Martínez E, Cachofeiro V. The Interplay of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Fibrosis in Obese Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081274. [PMID: 34439522 PMCID: PMC8389298 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have evaluated the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress and its association with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress activation in the progression of obesity-related cardiovascular fibrosis. MitoQ (200 µM) was orally administered for 7 weeks to male Wistar rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 35% fat) or a control diet (CT, 3.5% fat). Obese animals presented cardiovascular fibrosis accompanied by increased levels of extracellular matrix proteins and profibrotic mediators. These alterations were associated with ER stress activation characterized by enhanced levels (in heart and aorta vs. CT group, respectively) of immunoglobulin binding protein (BiP; 2.1-and 2.6-fold, respectively), protein disulfide-isomerase A6 (PDIA6; 1.9-fold) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP; 1.5- and 1.8-fold, respectively). MitoQ treatment was able to prevent (p < 0.05) these modifications at cardiac and aortic levels. MitoQ (5 nM) and the ER stress inhibitor, 4-phenyl butyric acid (4 µM), were able to block the prooxidant and profibrotic effects of angiotensin II (Ang II, 10−6 M) in cardiac and vascular cells. Therefore, the data show a crosstalk between mitochondrial oxidative stress and ER stress activation, which mediates the development of cardiovascular fibrosis in the context of obesity and in which Ang II can play a relevant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco V. Souza-Neto
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Sara Jiménez-González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Beatriz Delgado-Valero
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Raquel Jurado-López
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Marie Genty
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Ana Romero-Miranda
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain;
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain;
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-Universidad de Valladolid, 47002 Valladolid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-M.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-913941483 (E.M.-M.); +34-913941489 (V.C.)
| | - Victoria Cachofeiro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.V.S.-N.); (S.J.-G.); (B.D.-V.); (R.J.-L.); (M.G.); (A.R.-M.)
- Ciber de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Spain;
- Correspondence: (E.M.-M.); (V.C.); Tel.: +34-913941483 (E.M.-M.); +34-913941489 (V.C.)
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Fujii J. Ascorbate is a multifunctional micronutrient whose synthesis is lacking in primates. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 69:1-15. [PMID: 34376908 PMCID: PMC8325764 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential micronutrient in primates, and exhibits multiple physiological functions. In addition to antioxidative action, ascorbate provides reducing power to α-ketoglutarate-dependent non-heme iron dioxygenases, such as prolyl hydroxylases. Demethylation of histones and DNA with the aid of ascorbate results in the reactivation of epigenetically silenced genes. Ascorbate and its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate, have attracted interest in terms of their roles in cancer therapy. The last step in the biosynthesis of ascorbate is catalyzed by l-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase whose gene Gulo is commonly mutated in all animals that do not synthesize ascorbate. One common explanation for this deficiency is based on the increased availability of ascorbate from foods. In fact, pathways for ascorbate synthesis and the detoxification of xenobiotics by glucuronate conjugation share the metabolic processes up to UDP-glucuronate, which prompts another hypothesis, namely, that ascorbate-incompetent animals might have developed stronger detoxification systems in return for their lack of ability to produce ascorbate, which would allow them to cope with their situation. Here, we overview recent advances in ascorbate research and propose that an enhanced glucuronate conjugation reaction may have applied positive selection pressure on ascorbate-incompetent animals, thus allowing them to dominate the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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25
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Cho JH, Lee JS, Kim HG, Lee HW, Fang Z, Kwon HH, Kim DW, Lee CM, Jeong JW. Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Amomum villosum var. xanthioides Attenuates Hepatic Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis via Improvement of Antioxidant Capacities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10070998. [PMID: 34201527 PMCID: PMC8300789 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), affects 25% of the global population. Despite the prevalence of NAFLD worldwide, effective therapeutics are currently lacking. Amomum villosum var. xanthioides (Wall. ex Baker) T.L.Wu & S.J.Chen (AX) is a medicinal herb traditionally used for treating digestive tract disorders in countries across Asia. We aimed to examine the pharmacological effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of AX (AXEF) against tunicamycin (TM)-induced ER stress in a NASH mouse model using C57/BL6J male mice. Following TM injections (2 mg/kg), the mice were orally administrated AXEF (12.5, 25, or 50 mg/kg), silymarin (50 mg/kg), or distilled water daily for 5 days, and the outcomes for fatty liver, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured in serum or liver tissue levels. AXEF drastically attenuated hepatic ER stress-induced NASH as indicated by decreases in lipid droplet accumulations, serum liver enzymes, hepatic inflammations, and cell death signals in the hepatic tissue and/or serum levels. Interestingly, AXEF showed potent antioxidant effects by quenching reactive oxidative stress and its final product lipid peroxide in the hepatic tissue, specifically an increase in metallothionein (MT). To confirm the underlying actions of AXEF, we observed that AXEF increases MT1 gene promoter activities in the physiological levels. Collectively, AXEF showed antioxidant properties on TM-induced ER stress in a NASH mice model through the improvement of MTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.-H.C.); (H.-G.K.)
- Department of East & West Cancer Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, 75, Daedeok-daero 176, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35235, Korea
| | - Jong-Suk Lee
- Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator (GBSA), Suwon 16229, Korea;
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (J.-H.C.); (H.-G.K.)
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea;
| | - Zhigang Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510180, China;
| | - Hyeok-Hee Kwon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-H.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Korea; (H.-H.K.); (D.W.K.)
| | - Chang-Min Lee
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37242, Gyeongsang-buk-do, Korea;
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, 137, Donam 2-gil, Sangju-si 37242, Gyeongsang-buk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-530-0883; Fax: +82-54-530-0889
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26
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Ahmadi A, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Resveratrol and endoplasmic reticulum stress: A review of the potential protective mechanisms of the polyphenol. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5564-5583. [PMID: 34114705 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle that performs a set of essential functions in cellular biology. These include synthesis of lipids, homeostasis of calcium, and controlling the folding of proteins. Inflammation and oxidative stress are two important reasons behind the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER. In such circumstances, a series of measures are undertaken in the cell which are collectively called unfolded protein response (UPR). The aim of UPR is to reduce the burden of protein aggregates and promote survival. However, extended and unrestricted ER stress (ERS) can induce further inflammation and apoptosis. ERS and the UPR are involved in different diseases such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol, has well-documented evidence supporting its numerous biological properties including antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiobesity, antidiabetic, and antiischemic activities. The compound is also known for its potential beneficial effects on cognitive function and liver, kidney, and lung health. In this review, the role of ERS in several pathological conditions and the potential protective effects of RSV are discussed. However, the scarcity of clinical data means that more research needs to be conducted to gain a lucid understanding of RSV's effects on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Gholamreza Karimi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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27
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Iuchi K, Takai T, Hisatomi H. Cell Death via Lipid Peroxidation and Protein Aggregation Diseases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:399. [PMID: 34064409 PMCID: PMC8147787 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes is a complicated cellular event, and it is both the cause and result of various diseases, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and atherosclerosis. Lipid peroxidation causes non-apoptotic cell death, which is associated with cell fate determination: survival or cell death. During the radical chain reaction of lipid peroxidation, various oxidized lipid products accumulate in cells, followed by organelle dysfunction and the induction of non-apoptotic cell death. Highly reactive oxidized products from unsaturated fatty acids are detected under pathological conditions. Pathological protein aggregation is the general cause of these diseases. The cellular response to misfolded proteins is well-known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) and it is partially concomitant with the response to lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the association between protein aggregation and non-apoptotic cell death by lipid peroxidation is attracting attention. The link between lipid peroxidation and protein aggregation is a matter of concern in biomedical fields. Here, we focus on lethal protein aggregation in non-apoptotic cell death via lipid peroxidation. We reviewed the roles of protein aggregation in the initiation and execution of non-apoptotic cell death. We also considered the relationship between protein aggregation and oxidized lipid production. We provide an overview of non-apoptotic cell death with a focus on lipid peroxidation for therapeutic targeting during protein aggregation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Iuchi
- Department of Materials and Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, 3-3-1 Kichijojikitamachi, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633, Japan; (T.T.); (H.H.)
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28
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The role of mammalian superaquaporins inside the cell: An update. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2021; 1863:183617. [PMID: 33811846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The progress on mammalian superaquaporin (sAQP), AQP11 and AQP12, in the past seven years is brought up to date from the previous review. This subfamily is separated because of the very low homology with other AQP subfamilies and it is present only in multicellular organisms excluding fungi and plants. Its unique intracellular localization, specifically in the ER has made its functional studies challenging, but it may function as glyceroporin, aquaporin and peroxiporin, H2O2 transporter. Knowledge on AQP11 has been expanded by tissue specific conditional knockout mice and by the identification of a SNP associated with kidney diseases. Moreover, the functional identification of AQP11 as a peroxiporin has expanded the role of AQP11 to the regulation of intracellular H2O2 homeostasis to prevent ER stress, which awaits further in vivo studies. As kidney-specific AQP11 knockout of developed kidney has produced little phenotype, AQP11 is critical for kidney development but its physiological significance remains to be clarified. On the other hand, little has been known on pancreas-specific AQP12. To move this field forward, the results of sAQP in lower animals will be necessary to obtain the insights into the role of mammalian sAQP, which hopefully will lead to the discovery of therapeutic targets.
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29
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Sharma S, Chaudhary P, Sandhir R, Bharadwaj A, Gupta RK, Khatri R, Bajaj AC, Baburaj TP, Kumar S, Pal MS, Reddy PK, Kumar B. Heat-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles and differential response to UPR pathway in rats. Cell Stress Chaperones 2021; 26:323-339. [PMID: 33210173 PMCID: PMC7925797 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01178-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the differential response of oxidative (soleus) and glycolytic (gastrocnemius) muscles to heat-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. It was hypothesized that due to compositional and functional differences, both muscles respond differently to acute heat stress. To address this, male Sprague Dawley rats (12/group) were subjected to thermoneutral (25 °C) or heat stress (42 °C) conditions for 1 h. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were removed for analysis post-exposure. A significant increase in body temperature and free radical generation was observed in both the muscles following heat exposure. This further caused a significant increase in protein carbonyl content, AOPP, and lipid peroxidation in heat-stressed muscles. These changes were more pronounced in heat-stressed soleus compared to the gastrocnemius muscle. Accumulation of unfolded, denatured proteins results in ER stress, causing activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway. The expressions of UPR transducers were significantly higher in soleus as compared to the gastrocnemius muscle. A significant elevation in resting intracellular calcium ion was also observed in heat-stressed soleus muscle. Overloading of cells with misfolded proteins in soleus muscle activated ER-induced apoptosis as indicated by significant upregulation of C/EBP homologous protein and Caspase12. The study provides a detailed mechanistic representation of the differential response of muscles toward UPR under heat stress. Data suggests that soleus majorly being an oxidative muscle is more prone to heat stress-induced insult indicated by enhanced apoptosis. This study may aid in devising mitigation strategies to improve muscle performance under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sharma
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pooja Chaudhary
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, sector 25, Chandigarh, India
| | - Abhishek Bharadwaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rajinder K Gupta
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Rahul Khatri
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Amir Chand Bajaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - T P Baburaj
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M S Pal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Prasanna K Reddy
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Bhuvnesh Kumar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
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30
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Nouri H, Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Moloudi MR. Changes in UPR-PERK pathway and muscle hypertrophy following resistance training and creatine supplementation in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:331-339. [PMID: 33635524 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a pivotal role in some exercise training-induced physiological adaptation. Our aim was to evaluate the changes in the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) arm of the UPR and hypertrophy signaling pathway following 8 weeks of resistance training and creatine (Cr) supplementation in rats. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8: untrained + placebo (UN+P), resistance training + placebo (RT+P), untrained + Cr (UN+Cr), and resistance training + Cr (RT+Cr). Trained animals were submitted to the ladder-climbing exercise training 5 days per week for a total of 8 weeks. Cr supplementation groups received creatine diluted with 1.5 ml of 5% dextrose orally. The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) muscle was extracted 48 h after the last training session and used for western blotting. After training period, the RT+Cr and RT+P groups presented a significant increase in phosphorylated and phosphorylated/total ratio hypertrophy indices, phosphorylated and phosphorylated/total ratio PERK pathway proteins, and other downstream proteins of the PERK cascade compared with their untrained counterparts (P < 0.05). The increase in hypertrophy indices were higher but PERK pathway proteins were lower in the RT-Cr group than in the RT+P group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the untrained groups (P > 0.05). Our study suggests that resistance training in addition to Cr supplementation modifies PERK pathway response and improves skeletal muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hersh Nouri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Liver and Digestive Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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31
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Delli Bovi AP, Marciano F, Mandato C, Siano MA, Savoia M, Vajro P. Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:595371. [PMID: 33718398 PMCID: PMC7952971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.595371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pia Delli Bovi
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Marcella Savoia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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32
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Victor P, Sarada D, Ramkumar KM. Crosstalk between endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress: Focus on protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 892:173749. [PMID: 33245896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cellular stress and inflammation, establishing as disease pathology, have reached great heights in the last few decades. Stress conditions such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and lipoproteins are known to disturb proteostasis resulting in the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins, alteration in calcium homeostasis culminating in unfolded protein response. Protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1 are the key players in protein folding. The protein folding process assisted by endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1 results in the production of reactive oxygen species in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Production of reactive oxygen species beyond the quenching capacity of the antioxidant systems perturbs ER homeostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress also induces the production of cytokines leading to inflammatory responses. This has been proven to be the major causative factor for various pathophysiological states compared to other cellular triggers in diseases, which further manifests to increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered inflammatory responses, deleterious to cellular physiology and homeostasis. Numerous studies have drawn correlations between the progression of several diseases in association with endoplasmic reticulum stress, redox protein folding, oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. This review aims to provide an insight into the role of protein disulfide isomerase and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase-1 in endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory responses, which exacerbate the progression of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Victor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dronamraju Sarada
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio-engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India; Life Science Division, SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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33
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Xia C, Zhang X, Cao T, Wang J, Li C, Yue L, Niu K, Shen Y, Ma G, Chen F. Hepatic Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:565858. [PMID: 33329383 PMCID: PMC7732450 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.565858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Around 9% of the adult population in the world (463 million) suffer from diabetes mellitus. Most of them (~90%) belong to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is a common chronic metabolic disorder, and the number of cases has been reported to increase each year. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat provides a successful animal model to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Although previous hepatic transcriptome studies revealed some novel genes associated with the occurrence and development of T2DM, there still lacks the comprehensive transcriptomic analysis for the liver tissues of ZDF rats. We performed comparative transcriptome analyses between the liver tissues of ZDF rats and healthy ZCL rats and also evaluated several clinical indices. We could identify 214 and 104 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lncRNAs in ZDF rats, respectively. Pathway and biofunction analyses showed a synergistic effect between mRNAs and lncRNAs. By comprehensively analyzing transcriptomic data and clinical indices, we detected some typical features of T2DM in ZDF rats, such as upregulated metabolism (significant increased lipid absorption/transport/utilization, gluconeogenesis, and protein hydrolysis), increased inflammation, liver injury and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, of the 214 DEGs, 114 were known and 100 were putative T2DM-related genes, most of which have been associated with substance metabolism (particularly degradation), inflammation, liver injury and ER stress biofunctions. Our study provides an important reference and improves understanding of molecular pathogenesis of obesity-associated T2DM. Our data can also be used to identify potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, which should strengthen the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengdong Xia
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianshu Cao
- Department of Virology, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiannong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuidan Li
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Yue
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Niu
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yicheng Shen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guannan Ma
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Significance of Simple Steatosis: An Update on the Clinical and Molecular Evidence. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112458. [PMID: 33187255 PMCID: PMC7698018 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined clinicopathologically by the accumulation of lipids in >5% of hepatocytes and the exclusion of secondary causes of fat accumulation. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damage, extending from simple steatosis or non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)—the latter is characterized by inflammation and hepatocyte ballooning degeneration, in addition to the steatosis, with or without fibrosis. NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries and affects around one quarter of the general population. It is a multisystem disorder, which is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as liver- and cardiovascular-related mortality. Although earlier studies had suggested that NAFL is benign (i.e., non-progressive), cumulative evidence challenges this dogma, and recent data suggest that nearly 25% of those with NAFL may develop fibrosis. Importantly, NAFLD patients are more susceptible to the toxic effects of alcohol, drugs, and other insults to the liver. This is likely due to the functional impairment of steatotic hepatocytes, which is virtually undetectable by current clinical tests. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the clinical significance of NAFL and discusses the molecular basis for NAFL development and progression.
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Prasun P. Role of mitochondria in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2020; 19:2017-2022. [PMID: 33520874 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00679-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is global health problem. An estimated 425 million people in the world had diabetes in 2017. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although, pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications have been focus of medical research for long, much remains to be learned. A better understanding of molecular pathogenesis is essential for more effective preventive and therapeutic interventions. Role of mitochondria in pathogenesis of metabolic problems such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and T2DM is the focus of many recent research studies. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the oxidative stress and systemic inflammation leading to insulin resistance (IR). Mitochondria are also essential for pancreatic beta cell insulin secretion. Hence, mitochondria are important players in the pathogenesis of T2DM. In this article, pathogenesis of T2DM is examined from a mitochondrial perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Prasun
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place - Box 1497, New York, NY 10029 USA
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Chi ZC. Research status and prgoress of nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2020; 28:933-950. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v28.i19.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty pancreatic disease (NAFPD) is a disease characterized by an increase in pancreatic fat accumulation. It is a component of the metabolic syndrome and often coexists with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Once the diagnosis is established, it is closely related to acute and chronic pancreatitis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pancreatic fibrosis, and pancreatic cancer. In recent years, it has been confirmed that NAFPD is closely related to cardiovascular disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. The prevalence of NAFPD ranges between 11% and 69%, and increases with age. It is worth noting that the prevalence in obese children is twice as high as that in non-obese children. The high prevalence rate and complexity of the disease have aroused people's high attention. Therefore, to improve the understanding of NAFPD, fully understand the clinical significance of NAFPD, and further study its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment require the collaboration and joint efforts of multiple disciplines, including hepatopathy, gastroenterology, endocrine metabolism, cardiovascular disease, imaging, pathology, and others. In this paper, we review the clinical significance, pathogenesis, and imaging diagnosis of NAFPD and propose our personal understanding of the key points in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Chun Chi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266011, Shandong Province, China
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Liu C, Zhang A. ROS-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway plays an important role in arsenite-induced L-02 cells apoptosis via regulating CHOP-DR5 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2020; 35:1100-1113. [PMID: 32506763 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to arsenic remains a worldwide environmental health issue, affecting hundreds of millions of people. Although, arsenic-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis have been determined, the underlying apoptosis mechanism has not been fully elucidated yet. Oxidative stress integrated-ER stress plays an important role in Life-and-Death decision of cells. The current study was to investigate whether NaAsO2 utilizes oxidative stress integrated-ER stress signaling to exert pro-apoptotic activity in L-02 cells. Results showed that death receptor 5 (DR5) was a mediator of NaAsO2 -induced apoptosis by enhancing construction of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). NaAsO2 -sensitized DR5 elevation required maintainable transcription and its transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Further results showed that NaAsO2 increased expression in biomarker of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activated the protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation 2α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway. PERK inhibitor and ATF4 siRNA significantly attenuated NaAsO2 -induced CHOP and DR5 expressions. In addition, the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) treatment led to amelioration of NaAsO2 -induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and some ER stress- and apoptosis- related protein levels and cell viability. Taken together, the results indicate that ROS-mediated PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway activated by NaAsO2 is the critical upstream event for subsequent apoptosis induction via regulating CHOP-DR5 signaling in L-02 cells when chronic exposure to arsenic, and support that antioxidants might be potential therapeutic agents for preventing or delaying the onset and progress of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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Shimizu T, Taguchi A, Higashijima Y, Takubo N, Kanki Y, Urade Y, Wada Y. PERK-Mediated Suppression of microRNAs by Sildenafil Improves Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Heart Failure. iScience 2020; 23:101410. [PMID: 32768667 PMCID: PMC7378464 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative/nitrosative stress is a major trigger of cardiac dysfunction, involving the unfolded protein response and mitochondrial dysfunction. Activation of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G signaling by sildenafil improves cardiac mal-remodeling during pressure-overload-induced heart failure. Transcriptome analysis was conducted in failing hearts with or without sildenafil treatment. Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) downstream signaling pathways, EIF2 and NRF2, were significantly altered. Although EIF2 signaling was suppressed, NRF2 signaling was upregulated, inhibiting the maturation of miR 24-3p through EGFR-mediated Ago2 phosphorylation. To study the effect of sildenafil on these pathways, we generated cardiac-specific PERK knockout mice. In these mice, sildenafil could not inhibit the maturations, the nuclear translocation of NRF2 was suppressed, and mitochondrial dysfunction advanced. Altogether, these results show that PERK-mediated suppression of miRNAs by sildenafil is vital for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimizu
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Akashi Taguchi
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; Department of Bioinformational Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Naoko Takubo
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Kanki
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Urade
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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Li D, Zhao D, Du J, Dong S, Aldhamin Z, Yuan X, Li W, Du H, Zhao W, Cui L, Liu L, Fu N, Nan Y. Heme oxygenase-1 alleviated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via suppressing ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2020; 253:117678. [PMID: 32376267 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response plays a crucial role in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts beneficial effects against oxidative injury in NASH. This study is aimed to clarify whether HO-1 is an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH via regulation of ER stress. METHODS The C57BL/6J mice were fed with methionine-choline deficient (MCD) for 4 weeks and high fat-high carbohydrate-high cholesterol (HFD) diet for 16 weeks, with hemin or zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP-IX), respectively. The LO-2 cells were cultured in palmitic medium, with transfected pEX-HO-1 or sh-HO-1 plasmid for 24 h. Meanwhile, thirty NASH patients and 15 health controls were enrolled. The ER ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal microscopy. The expressions of mRNAs and proteins of HO-1, ER stress related genes were detected by real time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical staining, respectively. RESULTS The swelled and broken rough endoplasmic reticulums were observed in MCD and HFD fed mice. The reactive hepatic expression of HO-1 was related with the increased ROS production and ER stress, companied with upregulation of GRP78, p-IRE1, PERK, ATF6. Through hemin administration, hepatocyte apoptosis was suppressed companied down-regulation of CHOP, caspase12 and up-regulation of BCL2. Conserved results were exhibited in ZnPP-IX administrated mice and HO-1 silent cells. Consistent results were observed in the NASH Patients. CONCLUSIONS HO-1 could serve as a protective factor in the progression of nutritional steatohepatitis by suppresses hepatocyte excessive ER stress and might be a potential target for therapy of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Jinghua Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Shiming Dong
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Zaid Aldhamin
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Xiwei Yuan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Wencong Li
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Huijuan Du
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Luyao Cui
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Lingdi Liu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Na Fu
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 050051 Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Diseases, China.
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Understanding Environmental Contaminants' Direct Effects on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression. Curr Environ Health Rep 2020; 6:95-104. [PMID: 31090041 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-019-00231-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Environmental contaminants are considered one of the major factors in the development and progression of NAFLD, the most common liver disease in the USA. RECENT FINDINGS The evolving knowledge of mechanisms of hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis has recently been reviewed and characterized as ALD, NAFLD, and TAFLD. The most recent mechanistic studies on PFAS and PCBs have revealed a greater role for toxicants in the initiation of not only TAFLD but also NAFLD and the more progressive inflammatory stage of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In addition to insecticides, recent studies support a significant contribution of fungicides and herbicides to NAFLD. The mechanisms of PFAS, PCBs, and fungicides in contributing to the increased prevalence of NAFLD remain unclear. Addressing whether chronic, low-dose exposures could result in liver pathology and whether real-world exposure to mixtures of environmental contaminants pose a significant risk factor for NAFLD is paramount to understand the impact of NAFLD on populations today.
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da Silva DC, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Pereira DM. Endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders: Tools and strategies to understand its complexity. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104702. [PMID: 32068119 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) comprises a network of tubules and vesicles that constitutes the largest organelle of the eukaryotic cell. Being the location where most proteins are synthesized and folded, it is crucial for the upkeep of cellular homeostasis. Disturbed ER homeostasis triggers the activation of a conserved molecular machinery, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR), that comprises three major signaling branches, initiated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) and the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Given the impact of this intricate signaling network upon an extensive list of cellular processes, including protein turnover and autophagy, ER stress is involved in the onset and progression of multiple diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. There is, for this reason, an increasing number of publications focused on characterizing and/or modulating ER stress, which have resulted in a wide array of techniques employed to study ER-related molecular events. This review aims to sum up the essentials on the current knowledge of the molecular biology of endoplasmic reticulum stress, while highlighting the available tools used in studies of this nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Correia da Silva
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal
| | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-213, Porto, Portugal.
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Barrera C, Valenzuela R, Rincón MA, Espinosa A, López-Arana S, González-Mañan D, Romero N, Vargas R, Videla LA. Iron-induced derangement in hepatic Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturation capacity and fatty acid profile leading to steatosis: Impact on extrahepatic tissues and prevention by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 153:102058. [PMID: 32007744 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The administration of iron induces liver oxidative stress and depletion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), n-6/n-3 LCPUFA ratio enhancement and fat accumulation, which may be prevented by antioxidant-rich extra virgin olive oil (AR-EVOO) supplementation. Male Wistar rats were subjected to a control diet (50 mg iron/kg diet) or iron-rich diet (IRD; 200 mg/kg diet) with alternate AR-EVOO for 21 days. Liver fatty acid (FA) analysis was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) after lipid extraction and fractionation, besides Δ-5 desaturase (Δ-5 D) and Δ6-D mRNA expression (qPCR) and activity (GLC) measurements. The IRD significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic total fat, triacylglycerols, free FA contents and serum transaminases levels, with diminution in those of n-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs, higher n-6/n-3 ratios, lower unsaturation index and Δ5-D and Δ6-D activities, whereas the mRNA expression of both desaturases was enhanced over control values, changes that were prevented by concomitant AR-EVOO supplementation. N-6 and n-3 LCPUFAs were also decreased by IRD in extrahepatic tissues and normalized by AR-EVOO. In conclusion, AR-EVOO supplementation prevents IRD-induced changes in parameters related to liver FA metabolism and steatosis, an effect that may have a significant impact in the treatment of iron-related pathologies or metabolic disorders such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile.
| | - Miguel A Rincón
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra López-Arana
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Independencia 1027, Casilla, Santiago 70000, Chile
| | | | - Nalda Romero
- Department of Food Science and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Romina Vargas
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis A Videla
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Yao Y. Ginsenosides reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet‑induced obese mice via endoplasmic reticulum stress and p‑STAT3/STAT3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1059-1070. [PMID: 32016448 PMCID: PMC7003045 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been increasing globally for over three decades. According to previous studies, dietary obesity is usually associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and STAT3 signaling, which result in interference with the homeostatic control of energy and lipid metabolism. Ginsenosides (GS) administered to mice will modulate adiposity and food intake; however, the mechanism of food inhibition is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether GS may inhibit ERS and regulate STAT3 phosphorylation in GT1‑7 cells (a mouse hypothalamus gonadotropin‑releasing hormone neuron cell line) and the hypothalamus in order to reduce the body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in high fat diet (HFD)‑induced obese mice. In the present study, GS inhibited the appetite, reduced the body weight, visceral fat, body fat content and blood glucose, and ameliorated the glucose tolerance of the obese mice compared with HFD mice. In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, triglyceride (TG), leptin and insulin in the serum were reduced compared with HFD mice. There was less TG in the liver, but more in the feces compared with HFD mice. Using hematoxylin and eosin staining of HepG2 cells and liver tissues, GS were demonstrated to improve the non‑alcoholic fatty liver of the HFD‑induced obese mice and reduce the diameter of the fat cells compared with HFD mice. GS also increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide emissions in the metabolic cage data compared with HFD mice. In the GT1‑7 cells, GS alleviated the ERS induced by tunicamycin and enhanced the activation of the STAT3 phosphorylation pathway. Furthermore the ERS of the liver was relieved to achieve the aforementioned pharmacological effects. GS were used in the homeostatic control of the energy and lipid metabolism of a diet‑induced obesity model. In conclusion, present studies suggest that GS exert these effects by increasing STAT3 phosphorylation expression and reducing the ERS. Thus, GS reduce body weight and ameliorate hepatic steatosis in HFD‑induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, P.R. China
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Levchenko SM, Kuzmin AN, Pliss A, Ohulchanskyy TY, Prasad PN, Qu J. Cellular transformations in near-infrared light-induced apoptosis in cancer cells revealed by label-free CARS imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900179. [PMID: 31339662 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves light to activate cellular signaling pathways leading to cell proliferation or death. In this work, fluorescence and Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) imaging techniques were applied to assess apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa) induced by near infrared (NIR) laser light (808 nm). Using the Caspase 3/7 fluorescent probe to identify apoptotic cells, we found that the pro-apoptotic effect is significantly dependent of irradiation dose. The highest apoptosis rate was noted for the lower irradiation doses, that is, 0.3 J/cm2 (~58%) and 3 J/cm2 (~28%). The impact of light doses on proteins/lipids intracellular metabolism and distribution was evaluated using CARS imaging, which revealed apoptosis-associated reorganization of nuclear proteins and cytoplasmic lipids after irradiation with 0.3 J/cm2 . Doses of NIR light causing apoptosis (0.3, 3 and 30 J/cm2 ) induced a gradual increase in the nuclear protein level over time, in contrast to proteins in cells non-irradiated and irradiated with 10 J/cm2 . Furthermore, irradiation of the cells with the 0.3 J/cm2 dose resulted in lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation, which was apparently caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. We suggest that PBM induced apoptosis could be caused by the ability of NIR light to trigger excessive LDs formation which, in turn, induces cellular cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana M Levchenko
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Andrey N Kuzmin
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, Buffalo, New York
| | - Artem Pliss
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Advanced Cytometry Instrumentation Systems, LLC, Buffalo, New York
| | - Tymish Y Ohulchanskyy
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Paras N Prasad
- Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China
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Abo El-khair SM, Ghoneim FM, Shabaan DA, Elsamanoudy AZ. Molecular and ultrastructure study of endoplasmic reticulum stress in hepatic steatosis: role of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and inflammatory mediators. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:49-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tsukui T, Chen Z, Fuda H, Furukawa T, Oura K, Sakurai T, Hui SP, Chiba H. Novel Fluorescence-Based Method To Characterize the Antioxidative Effects of Food Metabolites on Lipid Droplets in Cultured Hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9934-9941. [PMID: 31402655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A fluorescence microscopic method for characterizing size, quantity, and oxidation of lipid droplets (LDs) in HepG2 cells was developed. LDs were induced by palmitic (PA), oleic (OA), or linoleic acids (LA) and stained with two fluorescent probes for neutral lipids and lipid peroxides. Each fatty acid increased the number of LDs and oxidized LDs (oxLDs) and the degree of LD oxidation time dependently, as well as increased intracellular triglyceride hydroperoxides. LDs induced by LA without 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride (AAPH) showed the most significant oxidation degree over PA and OA, especially in large LDs (area ≥ 3 μm2, oxLD/LD = 52.3 ± 21.7%). Under this condition, two food-derived antioxidants were evaluated, and both of them significantly improved the LD characteristics. Moreover, chlorogenic acid reduced the quantity of large LDs by 74.0-87.6% in a dose-dependent manner. The proposed method provides a new approach to evaluate the effect of dietary antioxidants on LD characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Tsukui
- Department of Nutrition , Sapporo University of Health Sciences , Nakanuma Nishi-4-3-1-15 , Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894 , Japan
| | - Zhen Chen
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Fuda
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Furukawa
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Kotaro Oura
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sakurai
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Shu-Ping Hui
- Faculty of Health Sciences , Hokkaido University , Kita-12, Nishi-5 , Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812 , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Chiba
- Department of Nutrition , Sapporo University of Health Sciences , Nakanuma Nishi-4-3-1-15 , Higashi-ku, Sapporo 007-0894 , Japan
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Rodrigo S, Panadero MI, Fauste E, Rodríguez L, Roglans N, Álvarez-Millán JJ, Otero P, Laguna JC, Bocos C. Effects of Maternal Fructose Intake on Perinatal ER-Stress: A Defective XBP1s Nuclear Translocation Affects the ER-stress Resolution. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081935. [PMID: 31426466 PMCID: PMC6723662 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is crucial to appropriate cell functioning, and when disturbed, a safeguard system called unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated. Fructose consumption modifies ER homeostasis and has been related to metabolic syndrome. However, fructose sweetened beverages intake is allowed during gestation. Therefore, we investigate whether maternal fructose intake affects the ER status and induces UPR. Thus, administrating liquid fructose (10% w/v) to pregnant rats partially activated the ER-stress in maternal and fetal liver and placenta. In fact, a fructose-induced increase in the levels of pIRE1 (phosphorylated inositol requiring enzyme-1) and its downstream effector, X-box binding protein-1 spliced form (XBP1s), was observed. XBP1s is a key transcription factor, however, XBP1s nuclear translocation and the expression of its target genes were reduced in the liver of the carbohydrate-fed mothers, and specifically diminished in the fetal liver and placenta in the fructose-fed mothers. These XBP1s target genes belong to the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) system, used to buffer ER-stress and to restore ER-homeostasis. It is known that XBP1s needs to form a complex with diverse proteins to migrate into the nucleus. Since methylglyoxal (MGO) content, a precursor of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE), was augmented in the three tissues in the fructose-fed mothers and has been related to interfere with the functioning of many proteins, the role of MGO in XBP1s migration should not be discarded. In conclusion, maternal fructose intake produces ER-stress, but without XBP1s nuclear migration. Therefore, a complete activation of UPR that would resolve ER-stress is lacking. A state of fructose-induced oxidative stress is probably involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rodrigo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - María I Panadero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Fauste
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Rodríguez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Roglans
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paola Otero
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Laguna
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Barcelona, CIBERobn, IBUB, Avda. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Bocos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain.
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Bilgili H, Białas AJ, Górski P, Piotrowski WJ. Telomere Abnormalities in the Pathobiology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081232. [PMID: 31426295 PMCID: PMC6723768 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) occurs primarily in older adults and the incidence is clearly associated with aging. This disease seems to be associated with several hallmarks of aging, including telomere attrition and cellular senescence. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormalities involving telomeres and their proteome play a significant role in the pathobiology of IPF. The aim of this study is to summarize present knowledge in the field, as well as to discuss its possible clinical implications. Numerous mutations in genes associated with telomere functioning were studied in the context of IPF, mainly for Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and Telomerase RNA Component (TERC). Such mutations may lead to telomere shortening, which seems to increase the risk of IPF, negatively influence disease progression, and contribute to worse prognosis after lung transplantation. Some evidence indicates the possibility for the use of telomerase activators as potential therapeutic agents in pulmonary fibrosis. To sum up, increasing evidence suggests the role of telomere abnormalities in the pathobiology of IPF, natural history and prognosis of the disease. There are also possibilities for telomerase targeting in the potential development of new treatment agents. However, all these aspects require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasancan Bilgili
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-154 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam J Białas
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-154 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Paweł Górski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-154 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech J Piotrowski
- Department of Pneumology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-154 Lodz, Poland
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DNA Hydroxymethylation at the Interface of the Environment and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16152791. [PMID: 31387232 PMCID: PMC6695744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent forms of chronic liver disorders among adults, children, and adolescents, and a growing epidemic, worldwide. Notwithstanding the known susceptibility factors for NAFLD, i.e., obesity and metabolic syndrome, the exact cause(s) of this disease and the underlying mechanisms of its initiation and progression are not fully elucidated. NAFLD is a multi-faceted disease with metabolic, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental determinants. Accumulating evidence shows that exposure to environmental toxicants contributes to the development of NAFLD by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and generating reactive oxygen species in the liver. Imbalances in the redox state of the cells are known to cause alterations in the patterns of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), the oxidative product of 5-methylcytosine (5mC), thereby influencing gene regulation. The 5hmC-mediated deregulation of genes involved in hepatic metabolism is an emerging area of research in NAFLD. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the interactive role of xenobiotic exposure and DNA hydroxymethylation in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Increasing the mechanistic knowledge of NAFLD initiation and progression is crucial for the development of new and effective strategies for prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Jorgačević B, Vučević D, Vesković M, Mladenović D, Vukićević D, Vukićević RJ, Todorović V, Radosavljević T. The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine concentration in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:120-129. [PMID: 30673308 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In high-fat diet (HFD) induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there is an increase in the endocannabinoid system activity, which significantly contributes to steatosis development. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of cannabinoid receptor type 1 blockade on adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine content in adipose and hepatic tissue in mice with NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into a control group fed with a control diet for 20 weeks (C, n = 6) a group fed with a HFD for 20 weeks (HF, n = 6), a group fed with a control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R, n = 9), and a group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR, n = 10). Rimonabant significantly decreased leptin, resistin, apelin, visfatin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) concentration in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). Rimonabant reduced hepatic IL-6 and IFN-γ concentration as well as plasma glucose and insulin concentration and the homeostatic model assessment index in the HFR group compared to the HF group (p < 0.01). It can be concluded that the potential usefulness of CB1 blockade in the treatment of HFD-induced NAFLD is due to modulation of the adipokine profile and proinflammatory cytokines in both adipose tissues and liver as well as glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Jorgačević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vučević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Vukićević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Rada Ješić Vukićević
- b Institute of Digestive Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Todorović
- c Faculty of Dentistry, Pančevo, University Business Academy, Novi Sad, 13000 Pančevo, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- a Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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