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Carazo A, Hrubša M, Konečný L, Gunaseelan C, Fadraersada J, Skořepa P, Paclíková M, Musil F, Karlíčková J, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Kujovská Krčmová L, Šmahelová A, Blaha V, Mladenka P. Correlations among different platelet aggregation pathways in a group of healthy volunteers. Platelets 2024; 35:2336093. [PMID: 38602464 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2024.2336093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Platelet aggregation is a complicated process mediated by different signaling pathways. As the process is highly complex and apparently redundant, the relationships between these pathways are not yet fully known. The aim of this project was to study the interconnections among seven different aggregation pathways in a group of 53 generally healthy volunteers aged 20 to 66 years. Platelet aggregation was induced with thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 (TRAP), arachidonic acid (AA), platelet activating factor 16 (PAF), ADP, collagen, thromboxane A2 analogue U46619 or ristocetin (platelet agglutination) ex vivo in fasting blood samples according to standardized timetable protocol. Additionally, some samples were pre-treated with known clinically used antiplatelet drugs (vorapaxar, ticagrelor or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)). Significant correlations among all used inducers were detected (Pearson correlation coefficients (rP): 0.3 to 0.85). Of all the triggers, AA showed to be the best predictor of the response to other inducers with rP ranging from 0.66 to 0.85. Interestingly, the antiplatelet response to ticagrelor strongly predicted the response to unrelated drug vorapaxar (rP = 0.71). Our results indicate that a response to one inducer can predict the response for other triggers or even to an antiplatelet drug. These data are useful for future testing but should be also confirmed in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Gunaseelan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skořepa
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Paclíková
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Musil
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Šmahelová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladenka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Mrštná K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Carazo A, Pourová J, Mladěnka P, Matysová L, Švec F. Analysis of vitamin K 1 and major K 2 variants in rat/human serum and lipoprotein fractions by a rapid, simple, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1714:464548. [PMID: 38043166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the various forms of vitamin K, which are involved in coagulation and other physiological processes in humans, is challenging and no standardized method is yet available. Therefore, a reliable and practical method was developed to quantify vitamin K levels in serum and additionally in lipoprotein fractions to clarify its distribution. The LC-MS/MS method for the determination of vitamin K1 and the three main isoforms of vitamin K2 (MK-4, MK-7, MK-9) was combined with a gradient ultracentrifugation technique to allow the separation of lipoprotein fractions. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Kinetex™ C18 column using a mobile phase consisting mainly of methanol. The target analytes were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The separation of all four substances was achieved after a simple sample preparation technique based on miniaturized liquid-liquid extraction. Our method of only 8.5 min revealed the levels of the major forms of vitamin K in 59 human and 12 rat sera and confirmed our hypothesis that vitamin K is primarily (about 50 %) found in the high-density lipoprotein fraction. The median concentrations of vitamin K1, MK-4, MK-7, and MK-9 were found to be 1.19, 2.98, 0.43, and < 0.71 nmol/L in human serum and 1.74, 6.75, less than 0.2, and less than 0.5 nmol/L in rat serum, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Mrštná
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Pourová
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Matysová
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Fadraersada J, Alva-Gallegos R, Skořepa P, Musil F, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Paclíková M, Carazo A, Blaha V, Mladěnka P. Head-to-head ex vivo comparison of clinically used direct anticoagulant drugs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2023:10.1007/s00210-023-02891-x. [PMID: 38112731 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance in coagulation is associated with cardiovascular events. For prevention and treatment, anticoagulants, currently mainly xabans and gatrans, are used. The purpose of the present study was to provide a head-to-head comparison since there are no studies directly evaluating these novel anticoagulants. An additional aim was to find whether selected anthropological and biochemical factors can affect their anticoagulant properties as they are used in fixed doses. In this cross-sectional study, blood from 50 generally healthy donors was collected, and coagulation responses to dabigatran, argatroban, rivaroxaban, and apixaban, at a concentration of 1 μM, were analyzed. Heparin was used as a positive control. Prothrombin time (PT) expressed as international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were measured and compared. Rivaroxaban was the most active according to PT/INR while argatroban according to aPTT. The ex vivo anticoagulant effect measured by INR correlated inversely with body mass index (BMI) in all four anticoagulants tested. Shortening of aPTT was associated with higher cholesterol and triglyceride levels. No sex-related differences were observed in response to the anticoagulant treatments. As this was an ex vivo study and pharmacokinetic factors were not included, the influence of BMI is of high therapeutic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaka Fadraersada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Raúl Alva-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skořepa
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Musil
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Paclíková
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Sokolská 581, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Brožová ZR, Dušek J, Palša N, Maixnerová J, Kamaraj R, Smutná L, Matouš P, Braeuning A, Pávek P, Kuneš J, Gathergood N, Špulák M, Pour M, Carazo A. 2-Substituted quinazolines: Partial agonistic and antagonistic ligands of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115631. [PMID: 37473690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Following the discovery of 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-4-one and 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline-4-thione as potent, but non-specific activators of the human Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, NR1I3), a series of quinazolinones substituted at the C2 phenyl ring was prepared to examine their ability to selectively modulate human CAR activity. Employing cellular and in vitro TR-FRET assays with wild-type CAR or its variant 3 (CAR3) ligand binding domains (LBD), several novel partial human CAR agonists and antagonists were identified. 2-(3-Methylphenyl) quinazolinone derivatives 7d and 8d acted as partial agonists with the recombinant CAR LBD, the former in nanomolar units (EC50 = 0.055 μM and 10.6 μM, respectively). Moreover, 7d did not activate PXR, and did not show any signs of cytotoxicity. On the other hand, 2-(4-bromophenyl)quinazoline-4-thione 7l possessed significant CAR antagonistic activity, although the compound displayed no agonistic or inverse agonistic activities. A compound possessing purely antagonistic effect was thus identified for the first time. These and related compounds may serve as a remedy in xenobiotic intoxication or, conversely, in suppression of undesirable hepatic CAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Rania Brožová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Norbert Palša
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Maixnerová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Rajamanikkam Kamaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Smutná
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matouš
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kuneš
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel Špulák
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Pour
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Konečný L, Hrubša M, Karlíčková J, Carazo A, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Blaha V, Bláha M, Mladěnka P. The Impact of Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Monoclonal Antibodies with and without Apheresis on Platelet Aggregation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023:10.1007/s10557-023-07455-y. [PMID: 37129685 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is well known that elevated cholesterol is associated with enhanced platelet aggregation and patients suffering from familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a high risk of thrombotic cardiovascular events. Although decreasing cholesterol level is associated with attenuation of platelet hyperactivity, there are currently no data on the effect of convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9ab) on platelet reactivity in FH. The aim of the study was to analyse the impact of different therapies including PCSK9ab on platelet aggregation in FH. METHODS This study enrolled all 15 patients treated in the University Hospital Hradec Králové for FH. PCSK9ab have been administered in 12 of 15 patients while 8 patients were also undergoing lipid apheresis. Blood samples from all patients including pre- and post-apheresis period were tested for platelet aggregation triggered by 7 inducers, and the effect of 3 clinically used drugs (acetylsalicylic acid, ticagrelor and vorapaxar) was compared as well. RESULTS Although apheresis decreased the reactivity of platelets in general, platelet responses were not different between non-apheresis patients treated with PCSK9ab and apheresis patients (post-apheresis values) with the exception of ristocetin. However, when compared to age-matched healthy population, FH patients had significantly lower platelet aggregation responses to 4 out of 7 used inducers and higher profit from 2 out of 3 used antiplatelet drugs even after exclusion of FH patients regularly receiving conventional antiplatelet treatment. CONCLUSION This study showed for the first time the suitability of PCSK9ab treatment for reduction of platelet reactivity in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Konečný
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Lenka Javorská
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Milan Bláha
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czechia.
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Sisa M, Konečný L, Temml V, Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Landa P. SC-560 and mofezolac isosteres as new potent COX-1 selective inhibitors with antiplatelet effect. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200549. [PMID: 36772878 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors can be employed as potential cardioprotective drugs. Moreover, COX-1 plays a key role in inflammatory processes and its activity is associated with some types of cancer. In this work, we designed and synthesized a set of compounds that structurally mimic the selective COX-1 inhibitors, SC-560 and mofezolac, the central cores of which were replaced either with triazole or benzene rings. The advantage of this approach is a relatively simple synthesis in comparison with the syntheses of parent compounds. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity toward COX-1 in the enzymatic in vitro assay. The most potent compound, 10a (IC50 = 3 nM for COX-1 and 850 nM for COX-2), was as active as SC-560 (IC50 = 2.4 nM for COX-1 and 470 nM for COX-2) toward COX-1 and it was even more selective. The in vitro COX-1 enzymatic activity was further confirmed in the cell-based whole-blood antiplatelet assay, where three out of four selected compounds (10a,c,d, and 3b) exerted outstanding IC50 values in the nanomolar range (9-252 nM). Moreover, docking simulations were performed to reveal key interactions within the COX-1 binding pocket. Furthermore, the toxicity of the selected compounds was tested using the normal human kidney HK-2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Sisa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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7
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Konečný L, Hrubša M, Karlíčková J, Carazo A, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Šmahelová A, Blaha V, Bláha M, Mladěnka P. The Effect of 4-Methylcatechol on Platelets in Familial Hypercholesterolemic Patients Treated with Lipid Apheresis and/or Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 Monoclonal Antibodies. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081842. [PMID: 37111061 PMCID: PMC10143685 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels lead to atherosclerosis and platelet hyperaggregability, both of which are known culprits of arterial thrombosis. Normalization of LDL cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is not an easy task and frequently requires specific treatment, such as regularly performed lipid apheresis and/or novel drugs such as proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9Ab). Moreover, a high resistance rate to the first-line antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) stimulated research of novel antiplatelet drugs. 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), a known metabolite of several dietary flavonoids, may be a suitable candidate. The aim of this study was to analyse the antiplatelet effect of 4-MC in FH patients and to compare its impact on two FH treatment modalities via whole-blood impedance aggregometry. When compared to age-matched, generally healthy controls, the antiplatelet effect of 4-MC against collagen-induced aggregation was higher in FH patients. Apheresis itself improved the effect of 4-MC on platelet aggregation and blood from patients treated with this procedure and pretreated with 4-MC had lower platelet aggregability when compared to those solely treated with PCKS9Ab. Although this study had some inherent limitations, e.g., a low number of patients and possible impact of administered drugs, it confirmed the suitability of 4-MC as a promising antiplatelet agent and also demonstrated the effect of 4-MC in patients with a genetic metabolic disease for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Konečný
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Šmahelová
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bláha
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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8
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Alva-Gallegos R, Carazo A, Mladěnka P. Toxicity overview of endocrine disrupting chemicals interacting in vitro with the oestrogen receptor. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 99:104089. [PMID: 36841273 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The oestrogen receptor (ER) from the nuclear receptor family is involved in different physiological processes, which can be affected by multiple xenobiotics. Some of these compounds, such as bisphenols, pesticides, and phthalates, are widespread as consequence of human activities and are commonly present also in human organism. Xenobiotics able to interact with ER and trigger a hormone-like response, are known as endocrine disruptors. In this review, we aim to summarize the available knowledge on products derived from human industrial activity and other xenobiotics reported to interact with ER. ER-disrupting chemicals behave differently towards oestrogen-dependent cell lines than endogenous oestradiol. In low concentrations, they stimulate proliferation, whereas at higher concentrations, are toxic to cells. In addition, most of the knowledge on the topic is based on individual compound testing, and only a few studies assess xenobiotic combinations, which better resemble real circumstances. Confirmation from in vivo models is lacking also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Alva-Gallegos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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9
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Tvrdý V, Dias P, Nejmanová I, Carazo A, Jirkovský E, Pourová J, Fadraersada J, Moravcová M, Peterlin Mašič L, Sollner Dolenc M, Mladěnka P. The effects of bisphenols on the cardiovascular system ex vivo and in vivo. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137565. [PMID: 36528156 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The human population is regularly exposed to bisphenols. The first compound of this class, bisphenol A, is burdened by numerous reports of its potential toxicity and has been hence replaced by its analogues, so-called next generation bisphenols. Their widespread use has made them pervasive throughout the environment. These endocrine disrupting chemicals can affect the cardiovascular system, and hence the aim of this study was to test 14 bisphenols (A, AF, AP, B, BP, C, E, F, G, M, P, PH, S and Z), and compare their effects in vitro (human and rat cell lines), ex vivo (isolated rat aorta) and in vivo (Wistar Han rats, acutely or chronically exposed to low environmental and high toxic doses). The majority of the tested bisphenols relaxed rat aorta, but their potency varied markedly. The most potent compound, bisphenol AF, had an EC50 of 57 μM. The mechanism of action was likely based on the inhibition of calcium influx via L-type calcium channels. The cytotoxicity of bisphenols towards 4 human and rat cell lines (H9c2, A-10, MCF7/S0.5 and MCF7/182R-6) showed variable potencies ranging from units of micromolar to millimolar concentrations. Based on these data, an effect on arterial blood pressure and possible cardiotoxicity was expected. Contrarily, the in vivo acute effects of three doses (0.005, 0.05 and 2.5 mg/kg) of bisphenol AF and 3 other analogues (A, S and F) on the cardiovascular system were rather biologically negligible. The most potent bisphenol, AF, was also administered chronically at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg for 4 weeks to rats, but had no impact on arterial blood pressure. Our results showed that bisphenols can relax vascular smooth muscles, but the effective concentrations are too high to produce clear cardiovascular effects in relation to common biological exposure as was confirmed with the most potent bisphenol AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Tvrdý
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Patrícia Dias
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Iveta Nejmanová
- The Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Eduard Jirkovský
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pourová
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Moravcová
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucija Peterlin Mašič
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marija Sollner Dolenc
- Chair of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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10
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Hrubša M, Konečný L, Paclíková M, Parvin MS, Skořepa P, Musil F, Karlíčková J, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Carazo A, Šmahelová A, Blaha V, Mladěnka P. The Antiplatelet Effect of 4-Methylcatechol in a Real Population Sample and Determination of the Mechanism of Action. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224798. [PMID: 36432485 PMCID: PMC9694226 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A polyphenol-rich diet has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. However, dietary polyphenols generally have low bioavailability and reach low plasma concentrations. Small phenolic metabolites of these compounds formed by human microbiota are much more easily absorbable and could be responsible for this effect. One of these metabolites, 4-methylcatechol (4-MC), was suggested to be a potent anti-platelet compound. The effect of 4-MC was tested ex vivo in a group of 53 generally healthy donors using impedance blood aggregometry. The mechanism of action of this compound was also investigated by employing various aggregation inducers/inhibitors and a combination of aggregometry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. 4-MC was confirmed to be more potent than acetylsalicylic acid on both arachidonic acid and collagen-triggered platelet aggregation. Its clinically relevant effect was found even at a concentration of 10 μM. Mechanistic studies showed that 4-MC is able to block platelet aggregation caused by the stimulation of different pathways (receptors for the von Willebrand factor and platelet-activating factor, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, protein kinase C, intracellular calcium elevation). The major mechanism was defined as interference with cyclooxygenase-thromboxane synthase coupling. This study confirmed the strong antiplatelet potential of 4-MC in a group of healthy donors and defined its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Paclíková
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Mst Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skořepa
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- The Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 50001 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - František Musil
- The Department of Occupational Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- The Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Šmahelová
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- The 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-295
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11
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Carazo A, Hrubša M, Konečný L, Skořepa P, Paclíková M, Musil F, Karlíčková J, Javorská L, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Parvin MS, Šmahelová A, Blaha V, Mladěnka P. Sex-Related Differences in Platelet Aggregation: A Literature Review Supplemented with Local Data from a Group of Generally Healthy Individuals. Semin Thromb Hemost 2022. [PMID: 36206768 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1756703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
The process of platelet aggregation is often influenced by several factors including sex and age. A literature review confirmed the existence of sex-related differences in platelet aggregation. Although 68 out of 78 papers found such differences, there are still some controversies regarding these differences, which can be due to multiple factors (age, trigger, concomitant disease, sample handling, etc.). These outcomes are discussed in line with novel results obtained from a local study, in which blood samples from a total of 53 overall healthy women and men with ages ranging from 20 to 66 years were collected. Aggregation was induced with seven different triggers (ristocetin, thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 [TRAP-6], arachidonic acid [AA], platelet-activating factor 16 [PAF-16], ADP, collagen, or thromboxane A2 analog U-46619) ex vivo. In addition, three FDA-approved antiplatelet drugs (vorapaxar, ticagrelor, or acetylsalicylic acid [ASA]) were also tested. In general, women had higher aggregation responses to some agonists (ADP, TRAP), as well as lower benefit from inhibitors (ASA, vorapaxar). The aggregatory responses to AA and TRAP decreased with age in both sexes, while responses to ADP, U-46619, and PAF were affected by age only in women. In conclusion, more studies are needed to decipher the biological importance of sex-related differences in platelet aggregation in part to enable personalized antiplatelet treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Skořepa
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Military Internal Medicine and Military Hygiene, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Paclíková
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Musil
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Mst Shamima Parvin
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Šmahelová
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Blaha
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine-Metabolic Care and Gerontology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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12
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Parvin MS, Hrubša M, Fadraersada J, Carazo A, Karlíčková J, Cahlíková L, Chlebek J, Macáková K, Mladěnka P. Can Isoquinoline Alkaloids Affect Platelet Aggregation in Whole Human Blood? Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14070491. [PMID: 35878229 PMCID: PMC9324755 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloids have multiple biological activities, which might be associated with positive pharmacological effects as well as negative adverse reactions. As bleeding was suggested to be a side effect of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine, we decided to ascertain if different isoquinoline alkaloids could influence hemocoagulation through the inhibition of either platelet aggregation or blood coagulation. Initially, a total of 14 compounds were screened for antiplatelet activity in whole human blood by impedance aggregometry. Eight of them demonstrated an antiplatelet effect against arachidonic acid-induced aggregation. Papaverine and bulbocapnine were the most potent compounds with biologically relevant IC50 values of 26.9 ± 12.2 μM and 30.7 ± 5.4 μM, respectively. Further testing with the same approach confirmed their antiplatelet effects by employing the most physiologically relevant inducer of platelet aggregation, collagen, and demonstrated that bulbocapnine acted at the level of thromboxane receptors. None of the alkaloids tested had an effect on blood coagulation measured by a mechanical coagulometer. In conclusion, the observed antiplatelet effects of isoquinoline alkaloids were found mostly at quite high concentrations, which means that their clinical impact is most likely low. Bulbocapnine was an exception. It proved to be a promising antiplatelet molecule, which may have biologically relevant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (J.K.); (L.C.); (J.C.); (K.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (J.F.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-495-067-295
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13
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Hrubša M, Alva R, Parvin MS, Macáková K, Karlíčková J, Fadraersada J, Konečný L, Moravcová M, Carazo A, Mladěnka P. Comparison of Antiplatelet Effects of Phenol Derivatives in Humans. Biomolecules 2022; 12:117. [PMID: 35053265 PMCID: PMC8774223 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are associated with positive cardiovascular effects. However, due to their low bioavailability, metabolites are likely responsible for these properties. Recently, one of these metabolites, 4-methylcatechol, was described to be a very potent antiplatelet compound. This study aimed to compare its activity with its 22 close derivatives both of natural or synthetic origin in order to elucidate a potential structure-antiplatelet activity relationship. Blood from human volunteers was induced to aggregate by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen or thrombin, and plasma coagulation was also studied. Potential toxicity was tested on human erythrocytes as well as on a cancer cell line. Our results indicated that 17 out of the 22 compounds were very active at a concentration of 40 μM and, importantly, seven of them had an IC50 on AA-triggered aggregation below 3 μM. The effects of the most active compounds were confirmed on collagen-triggered aggregation too. None of the tested compounds was toxic toward erythrocytes at 50 μM and four compounds partly inhibited proliferation of breast cancer cell line at 100 μM but not at 10 μM. Additionally, none of the compounds had a significant effect on blood coagulation or thrombin-triggered aggregation. This study hence reports four phenol derivatives (4-ethylcatechol, 4-fluorocatechol, 2-methoxy-4-ethylphenol and 3-methylcatechol) suitable for future in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Raúl Alva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Mst Shamima Parvin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (K.M.)
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.S.P.); (K.M.)
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Monika Moravcová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Ak. Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (R.A.); (J.F.); (L.K.); (M.M.); (P.M.)
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14
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Hrubša M, Nurjamal K, Carazo A, Nayek N, Karlíčková J, Applová L, Karmakar I, Parvin S, Fadraersada J, Macáková K, Mladěnka P, Brahmachari G. Screening of Synthetic Heterocyclic Compounds as Antiplatelet Drugs. Med Chem 2021; 18:536-543. [PMID: 34702153 DOI: 10.2174/1573406417666211026150658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiplatelet drugs represent the keystone in the treatment and prevention of diseases of ischemic origin, including coronary artery disease. The current palette of drugs represents efficient modalities in most cases, but their effect can be limited in certain situations or associated with specific side effects. In this study, representatives of compounds selected from series having scaffolds with known or potential antiplatelet activity were tested. These compounds were previously synthetized by us, but their biological effects have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the antiplatelet and anticoagulation properties of selected compounds and determine their mechanism of action. METHODS Antiplatelet activity of compounds and their mechanisms of action were evaluated using human blood by impedance aggregometry and various aggregation inducers and inhibitors and compared to appropriate standards. Cytotoxicity was tested using breast adenocarcinoma cell cultures and potential anticoagulation activity was also determined. RESULTS In total, four of 34 compounds tested were equally or more active than the standard antiplatelet drug acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). In contrast to ASA, all 4 active compounds decreased platelet aggregation triggered not only by collagen, but also partly by ADP. The major mechanism of action is based on antagonism at thromboxane receptors. In higher concentrations, inhibition of thromboxane synthase was also noted. In contrast to ASA, the tested compounds did not block cyclooxygenase-1. CONCLUSION The most active compound, 2-amino-4-(1H-indol-3-yl)-6-nitro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile (2-N), which is 4-5x times more potent than ASA, is a promising compound for the development of novel antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Hrubša
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Khondekar Nurjamal
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Nayana Nayek
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- The Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Indrajit Karmakar
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
| | - Shamima Parvin
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- The Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- The Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové. Czech Republic
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- The Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University), Santiniketan. India
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Mladěnka P, Macáková K, Kujovská Krčmová L, Javorská L, Mrštná K, Carazo A, Protti M, Remião F, Nováková L. Vitamin K - sources, physiological role, kinetics, deficiency, detection, therapeutic use, and toxicity. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:677-698. [PMID: 34472618 PMCID: PMC8907489 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K is traditionally connected with blood coagulation, since it is needed for the posttranslational modification of 7 proteins involved in this cascade. However, it is also involved in the maturation of another 11 or 12 proteins that play different roles, encompassing in particular the modulation of the calcification of connective tissues. Since this process is physiologically needed in bones, but is pathological in arteries, a great deal of research has been devoted to finding a possible link between vitamin K and the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, the current knowledge does not allow us to make a decisive conclusion about such a link. One possible explanation for this is the diversity of the biological activity of vitamin K, which is not a single compound but a general term covering natural plant and animal forms of vitamin K (K1 and K2) as well as their synthetic congeners (K3 and K4). Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) is found in several vegetables. Menaquinones (MK4–MK13, a series of compounds known as vitamin K2) are mostly of a bacterial origin and are introduced into the human diet mainly through fermented cheeses. Current knowledge about the kinetics of different forms of vitamin K, their detection, and their toxicity are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. K. Macáková is with the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republicv
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Javorská
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Mrštná
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic. K. Macáková is with the Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republicv
| | - Michele Protti
- M. Protti is with the Research Group of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis (PTA Lab), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fernando Remião
- F. Remião is with the UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, The Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Zveaghintseva M, Stingaci E, Pogrebnoi S, Smetanscaia A, Valica V, Uncu L, Ch. Kravtsov V, Melnic E, Petrou A, Glamočlija J, Soković M, Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Poroikov V, Geronikaki A, Macaev FZ. Chromenol Derivatives as Novel Antifungal Agents: Synthesis, In Silico and In Vitro Evaluation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144304. [PMID: 34299579 PMCID: PMC8307147 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report the synthesis of some new 1H-1,2,4-triazole functionalized chromenols (3a-3n) via tandem reactions of 1-(alkyl/aryl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl) with salicylic aldehydes and the evaluation of their antifungal activity. In silico prediction of biological activity with computer program PASS indicate that the compounds have a high novelty compared to the known antifungal agents. We did not find any close analog among the over 580,000 pharmaceutical agents in the Cortellis Drug Discovery Intelligence database at the similarity cutoff of 70%. The evaluation of antifungal activity in vitro revealed that the highest activity was exhibited by compound 3k, followed by 3n. Their MIC values for different fungi were 22.1-184.2 and 71.3-199.8 µM, respectively. Twelve from fourteen tested compounds were more active than the reference drugs ketoconazole and bifonazole. The most sensitive fungus appeared to be Trichoderma viride, while Aspergillus fumigatus was the most resistant one. It was found that the presence of the 2-(tert-butyl)-2H-chromen-2-ol substituent on the 4th position of the triazole ring is very beneficial for antifungal activity. Molecular docking studies on C. albicans sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) and DNA topoisomerase IV were used to predict the mechanism of antifungal activities. According to the docking results, the inhibition of CYP51 is a putative mechanism of antifungal activity of the novel chromenol derivatives. We also showed that most active compounds have a low cytotoxicity, which allows us to consider them promising antifungal agents for the subsequent testing activity in in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Zveaghintseva
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Str. Academiei 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (M.Z.); (E.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Eugenia Stingaci
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Str. Academiei 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (M.Z.); (E.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Serghei Pogrebnoi
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Str. Academiei 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (M.Z.); (E.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Anastasia Smetanscaia
- Scientific Center for Drug Research, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare și Sfant 165, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova; (A.S.); (V.V.); (L.U.)
| | - Vladimir Valica
- Scientific Center for Drug Research, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare și Sfant 165, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova; (A.S.); (V.V.); (L.U.)
| | - Livia Uncu
- Scientific Center for Drug Research, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare și Sfant 165, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova; (A.S.); (V.V.); (L.U.)
| | - Victor Ch. Kravtsov
- Laboratory of Physical Methods of Solid State Investigation “Tadeusz Malinowski”, Institute of Applied Physics, Str. Academiei 5, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (V.C.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Melnic
- Laboratory of Physical Methods of Solid State Investigation “Tadeusz Malinowski”, Institute of Applied Physics, Str. Academiei 5, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (V.C.K.); (E.M.)
| | - Anthi Petrou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Beograd, Serbia; (J.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Beograd, Serbia; (J.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Vladimir Poroikov
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Based Drug Design, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaya Str. 10, Bldg. 8, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (F.Z.M.); Tel.: +30-2310-99-76-16 (A.G.)
| | - Fliur Z. Macaev
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemistry, 3 Str. Academiei 3, MD-2028 Chișinău, Moldova; (M.Z.); (E.S.); (S.P.)
- Scientific Center for Drug Research, “Nicolae Testemițanu” State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bd. Stefan Cel Mare și Sfant 165, MD-2004 Chișinău, Moldova; (A.S.); (V.V.); (L.U.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (F.Z.M.); Tel.: +30-2310-99-76-16 (A.G.)
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Sirakanyan SN, Hrubša M, Spinelli D, Dias P, Kartsev V, Carazo A, Hovakimyan AA, Pourová J, Hakobyan EK, Karlíčková J, Parvin S, Fadraersada J, Macáková K, Geronikaki A, Mladěnka P. Synthesis of 3,3-dimethyl-6-oxopyrano[3,4-c]pyridines and their antiplatelet and vasodilatory activity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 74:887-895. [PMID: 34106261 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Both pyridine and pyrano derivatives have been previously shown to possess biologically relevant activity. In this study, we report the incorporation of these two scaffolds into one molecule. METHODS The designed 3,3-dimethyl-6-oxopyrano[3,4-c]pyridines were synthesized by the acylation of enamine under Stork conditions followed by condensation of formed β-diketones with 2-cyanoacetamide. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by using a wide spectrum of physico-chemical methods. Their antiplatelet, anticoagulant and vasodilatory activity together with toxicity were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS A series of 6-oxopyrano[3,4-c]pyridines 3a-j was obtained. Four of these compounds were reported for the first time. None of the tested compounds demonstrated anticoagulant effect but 8-methyl derivative (3a) was a potent antiplatelet compound with IC50 numerically twice as low as the clinically used acetylsalicylic acid. A series of further mechanistic tests showed that 3a interferes with calcium signaling. The compound is also not toxic and in addition possesses vasodilatory activity as well. CONCLUSIONS Compound 3a is a promising inhibitor of platelet aggregation, whose mechanism of action should be studied in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samvel N Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Marcel Hrubša
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Domenico Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di BolognaBologna, Italy
| | - Patrícia Dias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anush A Hovakimyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jana Pourová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Elmira K Hakobyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia, Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Jana Karlíčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Shamima Parvin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaka Fadraersada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Carazo A, Macáková K, Matoušová K, Krčmová LK, Protti M, Mladěnka P. Vitamin A Update: Forms, Sources, Kinetics, Detection, Function, Deficiency, Therapeutic Use and Toxicity. Nutrients 2021; 13:1703. [PMID: 34069881 PMCID: PMC8157347 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a group of vital micronutrients widely present in the human diet. Animal-based products are a rich source of the retinyl ester form of the vitamin, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, most of which are provitamin A. Vitamin A plays a key role in the correct functioning of multiple physiological functions. The human organism can metabolize natural forms of vitamin A and provitamin A into biologically active forms (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid), which interact with multiple molecular targets, including nuclear receptors, opsin in the retina and, according to the latest research, also some enzymes. In this review, we aim to provide a complex view on the present knowledge about vitamin A ranging from its sources through its physiological functions to consequences of its deficiency and metabolic fate up to possible pharmacological administration and potential toxicity. Current analytical methods used for its detection in real samples are included as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Macáková
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Kateřina Matoušová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.K.K.)
| | - Lenka Kujovská Krčmová
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolská 581, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (K.M.); (L.K.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Michele Protti
- The Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
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Haroun M, Tratrat C, Kolokotroni A, Petrou A, Geronikaki A, Ivanov M, Kostic M, Sokovic M, Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Sreeharsha N, Venugopala KN, Nair AB, Elsewedy HS. 5-Benzyliden-2-(5-methylthiazol-2-ylimino)thiazolidin-4-ones as Antimicrobial Agents. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030309. [PMID: 33802949 PMCID: PMC8002837 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the design, synthesis, computational and experimental evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, as well as docking studies of new 5-methylthiazole based thiazolidinones. All compounds demonstrated antibacterial efficacy, some of which (1, 4, 10 and 13) exhibited good activity against E. coli and B. cereus. The evaluation of antibacterial activity against three resistant strains, MRSA, P. aeruginosa and E. coli, revealed that compound 12 showed the best activity, higher than reference drugs ampicillin and streptomycin, which were inactive or exhibited only bacteriostatic activity against MRSA, respectively. Ten out of fifteen compounds demonstrated higher potency than reference drugs against a resistant strain of E. coli, which appeared to be the most sensitive species to our compounds. Compounds 8, 13 and 14 applied in a concentration equal to MIC reduced P. aeruginosa biofilm formation by more than 50%. All compounds displayed antifungal activity, with compound 10 being the most active. The majority of compounds showed better activity than ketoconazole against almost all fungal strains. In order to elucidate the mechanism of antibacterial and antifungal activities, molecular docking studies on E. coli Mur B and C. albicans CYP51 and dihydrofolate reductase were performed. Docking analysis of E. coli MurB indicated a probable involvement of MurB inhibition in the antibacterial mechanism of tested compounds while docking to 14α-lanosterol demethylase (CYP51) and tetrahydrofolate reductase of Candida albicans suggested that probable involvement of inhibition of CYP51 reductase in the antifungal activity of the compounds. Potential toxicity toward human cells is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelyne Haroun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +96-655-090-9890 (M.H.); +30-230-199-7616 (A.G.)
| | - Christophe Tratrat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Aggeliki Kolokotroni
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Anthi Petrou
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Health, Department of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.K.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (A.G.); Tel.: +96-655-090-9890 (M.H.); +30-230-199-7616 (A.G.)
| | - Marija Ivanov
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Kostic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Marina Sokovic
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research, Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.I.); (M.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Nagaraja Sreeharsha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anroop B. Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
| | - Heba S. Elsewedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (C.T.); (N.S.); (K.N.V.); (A.B.N.); (H.S.E.)
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Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Pávek P. Marine Ligands of the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): An Overview. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100554. [PMID: 31569349 PMCID: PMC6836225 DOI: 10.3390/md17100554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor which binds many structurally different molecules. The receptor is able to regulate the expression of a wide array of genes and is involved in cancer and different key physiological processes such as the metabolism of drugs/xenobiotics and endogenous compounds including lipids and carbohydrates, and inflammation. Algae, sponges, sea squirts, and other marine organisms are some of the species from which structurally new molecules have been isolated that have been subsequently identified in recent decades as ligands for PXR. The therapeutic potential of these natural compounds is promising in different areas and has recently resulted in the registration of trabectedin by the FDA as a novel antineoplastic drug. Apart from being potentially novel drugs, these compounds can also serve as models for the development of new molecules with improved activity. The aim of this review is to succinctly summarize the currently known natural molecules isolated from marine organisms with a proven ability to interact with PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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Hyrsova L, Vanduchova A, Dusek J, Smutny T, Carazo A, Maresova V, Trejtnar F, Barta P, Anzenbacher P, Dvorak Z, Pavek P. Trans-resveratrol, but not other natural stilbenes occurring in food, carries the risk of drug-food interaction via inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes or interaction with xenosensor receptors. Toxicol Lett 2018; 300:81-91. [PMID: 30394306 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a stilbene phytochemical common in food and red wine. RSV inhibits cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 activity and interacts with the pregnane X receptor (PXR), the central regulator of drug/xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme expression. In this work, we comprehensively examined the effects of 13 stilbenes (trans- and cis-resveratrol, trans- and cis-piceatannol, oxyresveratrol, pterostilbene, pinostilbene, a,b-dihydroresveratrol, trans- and cis-trismethoxyresveratrol, trans-3,4,5,4'-tetramethoxystilbene, trans-2,4,3',5'-tetramethoxystilbene, trans-4-methoxystilbene), on CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 mRNA induction, and on CYP3A4/5, CYP2C8/9/19, CYP2D6, CYP2A6, CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2B6 cytochrome P450 enzyme activities. Expression experiments in five different primary human hepatocyte preparations, reporter gene assays, and ligand binding assays with pregnane X (PXR) and constitutive androstane (CAR) receptors were performed. Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes was examined in human microsomes. We found that only polymethoxylated stilbenes are prone to significantly induce CYP2B6 or CYP3A4 in primary human hepatocytes via pregnane X receptor (PXR) interaction. Natural resveratrol derivatives such as trans- and cis-RSV, oxyresveratrol, pinostilbene and pterostilbene significantly inhibit CYP3A4/5 enzymatic activities; however, only trans-RSV significantly inhibits CYP3A4/5 activity (both testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and midazolam 1´-hydroxylation) in micromolar concentrations by a non-competitive mechanism, suggesting a potential risk of food-drug interactions with CYP3A4/5 substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Vanduchova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine (IMTM), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Maresova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Barta
- Department of Biophysics and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Anzenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, CZ775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Dvorak
- Department of Cellular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Heyrovskeho 1203, Hradec Kralove, CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
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Carazo A, Dusek J, Holas O, Skoda J, Hyrsova L, Smutny T, Soukup T, Dosedel M, Pávek P. Teriflunomide Is an Indirect Human Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Activator Interacting With Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:993. [PMID: 30364229 PMCID: PMC6193428 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a nuclear receptor involved mainly in xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism regulation. CAR is activated directly by its ligands via the ligand binding domain (LBD) or indirectly by inhibition of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling. We found that leflunomide (LEF) and its main metabolite teriflunomide (TER), both used for autoimmune diseases treatment, induce the prototype CAR target gene CYP2B6 in primary human hepatocytes. As TER was discovered to be an EGF receptor antagonist, we sought to determine if TER is an indirect activator of CAR. In primary human hepatocytes and in differentiated HepaRG cells, we found that LEF and TER up-regulate CAR target genes CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNAs and enzymatic activities. TER stimulated CAR+A mutant translocation into the nucleus but neither LEF nor TER activated the CAR LBD, CAR3 variant or pregnane X receptor (PXR) in gene reporter assays. Interestingly, TER significantly up-regulated CAR mRNA expression, a result which could be a consequence of both EGF receptor and ELK-1 transcription factor inhibition by TER or by TER-mediated activation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), an upstream hormonal regulator of CAR. We can conclude that TER is a novel indirect CAR activator which through EGF inhibition and GR activation controls both detoxification and some intermediary metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Holas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Skoda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomas Soukup
- Division of Rheumatology, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine - Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Dosedel
- Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Dovrtelova G, Zendulka O, Noskova K, Jurica J, Pes O, Dusek J, Carazo A, Zapletalova I, Hlavacova N, Pavek P. Effect of Endocannabinoid Oleamide on Rat and Human Liver Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:913-923. [PMID: 29650790 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is important for many physiologic and pathologic processes, but its role in the regulation of liver cytochromes P450 (P450s) remains unknown. We studied the influence of the endocannabinoid oleamide on rat and human liver P450s. Oleamide was administered intraperitoneally to rats at doses of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg per day for 7 days. The content and activity of key P450s were evaluated in rat liver microsomes. Moreover, interactions with nuclear receptors regulating P450 genes and serum levels of their ligands (prolactin, corticosterone, and free triiodothyronine) were tested in in vitro P450 inhibition assays. Decreased protein levels and metabolic activities of CYP1A2, CYP2B, and CYP2C11, along with a drop in metabolic activity of CYP2D2, were observed in animals treated with oleamide (10 mg/kg per day). The activities of CYP2C6, CYP2A, and CYP3A and the levels of hormones were not altered. In vitro, oleamide exhibited a weak inhibition of rat CYP1A2, CYP2D2, and CYP2C6. The activities of rat CYP2A, CYP2B, CYP2C11, and CYP3A and human CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 were not altered. Oleamide did not interact with human pregnane X, constitutive androstane, or aryl hydrocarbon receptors in reporter gene experiments and did not regulate their target P450 genes in primary human hepatocytes. Our results indicate that oleamide caused the downregulation of some rat liver P450s, and hormones are not mediators of this effect. In vitro oleamide inhibits mainly rat CYP2C6 and is neither an agonist nor antagonist of major human nuclear receptors involved in the regulation of xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dovrtelova
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Ondrej Zendulka
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Kristyna Noskova
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Jan Jurica
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Ondrej Pes
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Jan Dusek
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Iveta Zapletalova
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Natasa Hlavacova
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
| | - Petr Pavek
- Departments of Pharmacology (G.D., O.Z., K.N, J.J.) and Biochemistry (O.P.), Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove (J.D., A.C., P.P.), and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc (I.Z.), Czech Republic; and Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic (N.H.)
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Knebel C, Neeb J, Zahn E, Schmidt F, Carazo A, Holas O, Pavek P, Püschel GP, Zanger UM, Süssmuth R, Lampen A, Marx-Stoelting P, Braeuning A. Unexpected Effects of Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, and Their Mixture on the Receptors CAR and PXR in Human Liver Cells. Toxicol Sci 2018; 163:170-181. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elisabeth Zahn
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Flavia Schmidt
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ondej Holas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | - Gerhard P Püschel
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, 70376 Stuttgart, and Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Roderich Süssmuth
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department of Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 12277 Berlin, Germany
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Dolezelova E, Prasnicka A, Cermanova J, Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Hroch M, Mokry J, Adamcova M, Mrkvicova A, Pavek P, Micuda S. Resveratrol modifies biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in sham-operated and cholestatic rats. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7678-7692. [PMID: 29209109 PMCID: PMC5703928 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i43.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of resveratrol on biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats.
METHODS Resveratrol (RSV) or saline were administered to rats by daily oral gavage for 28 d after sham operation or reversible bile duct obstruction (BDO). Bile was collected 24 h after the last gavage during an intravenous bolus dose of the Mdr1/Mrp2 substrate azithromycin. Bile acids, glutathione and azithromycin were measured in bile to quantify their level of biliary secretion. Liver expression of enzymes and transporters relevant for bile production and biliary secretion of major bile constituents and drugs were analyzed at the mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The TR-FRET PXR Competitive Binding Assay kit was used to determine the agonism of RSV at the pregnane X receptor.
RESULTS RSV increased bile flow in sham-operated rats due to increased biliary secretion of bile acids (BA) and glutathione. This effect was accompanied by the induction of the hepatic rate-limiting transporters for bile acids and glutathione, Bsep and Mrp2, respectively. RSV also induced Cyp7a1, an enzyme that is crucial for bile acid synthesis; Mrp4, a transporter important for BA secretion from hepatocytes to blood; and Mdr1, the major apical transporter for xenobiotics. The findings were supported by increased biliary secretion of azithromycin. The TR-FRET PXR competitive binding assay confirmed RSV as a weak agonist of the human nuclear receptor PXR, which is a transcriptional regulator of Mdr1/Mrp2. RSV demonstrated significant hepatoprotective properties against BDO-induced cirrhosis. RSV also reduced bile flow in BDO rats without any corresponding change in the levels of the transporters and enzymes involved in RSV-mediated hepatoprotection.
CONCLUSION Resveratrol administration for 28 d has a distinct effect on bile flow and biliary secretion of cholephilic compounds in healthy and bile duct-obstructed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dolezelova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Prasnicka
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Cermanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Mokry
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Adamcova
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Mrkvicova
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Dusek J, Carazo A, Trejtnar F, Hyrsova L, Holas O, Smutny T, Micuda S, Pavek P. Steviol, an aglycone of steviol glycoside sweeteners, interacts with the pregnane X (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) receptors in detoxification regulation. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:130-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Prasnicka A, Cermanova J, Hroch M, Dolezelova E, Rozkydalova L, Smutny T, Carazo A, Chladek J, Lenicek M, Nachtigal P, Vitek L, Pavek P, Micuda S. Iron depletion induces hepatic secretion of biliary lipids and glutathione in rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2017; 1862:1469-1480. [PMID: 28888833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron depletion (ID) has been shown to induce the liver expression of Cyp7a1, the rate-limiting enzyme initiating conversion of cholesterol to bile acids (BA), although the effect on bile acids metabolism and bile production is unknown. Therefore, we investigated changes in bile secretion and BA synthesis during diet-induced iron depletion (ID) in rats. ID increased bile flow along with augmented biliary excretion of bile acids, glutathione, cholesterol and phospholipids. Accordingly, we found transcriptional upregulation of the Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, and Cyp27a1 BA synthetic enzymes, as well as induction of the Abcg5/8 cholesterol transporters in ID rat livers. In contrast, intravenous infusion of 3H-taurocholate failed to elicit any difference in biliary secretion of this compound in the ID rats. This corresponded with unchanged expression of canalicular rate-limiting transporters for BA as well as glutathione. We also observed that ID substantially changed the spectrum of BA in bile and decreased plasma concentrations of BA and cholesterol. Experiments with differentiated human hepatic HepaRG cells confirmed human CYP7A1 orthologue upregulation resulting from reduced iron concentrations. Results employing a luciferase reporter gene assay suggest that the transcriptional activation of the CYP7A1 promoter under ID conditions works independent of farnesoid X (FXR), pregnane X (PXR) and liver X (LXRα) receptors activation. It can be concluded that this study characterizes the molecular mechanisms of modified bile production as well as cholesterol as along with BA homeostasis during ID. We propose complex upregulation of BA synthesis, and biliary cholesterol secretion as the key factors affected by ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Prasnicka
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jolana Cermanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Hroch
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Dolezelova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Rozkydalova
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chladek
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lenicek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Nachtigal
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Vitek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic; 4th Department of Internal Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Roh J, Karabanovich G, Vlčková H, Carazo A, Němeček J, Sychra P, Valášková L, Pavliš O, Stolaříková J, Klimešová V, Vávrová K, Pávek P, Hrabálek A. Development of water-soluble 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole antitubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5468-5476. [PMID: 28835350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this work, four series of tertiary amine-containing derivatives of 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole antitubercular agents were prepared, and their in vitro antimycobacterial effects were evaluated. We found that the studied compounds showed lipophilicity-dependent antimycobacterial activity. The N-benzylpiperazine derivatives, which had the highest lipophilicity among all of the series, showed the highest in vitro antimycobacterial activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis CNCTC My 331/88 (H37Rv), comparable to those of the first-line drugs isoniazid and rifampicin. The presence of two tertiary amines in these N-benzylpiperazine derivatives enabled us to prepare water-soluble dihydrochloride salts, overcoming the serious drawback of previously described 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole lead compounds. The water-soluble 3,5-dinitrophenyl tetrazole and oxadiazole antitubercular agents described in this work are good candidates for further in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav Roh
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Vlčková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Němeček
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Sychra
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Valášková
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oto Pavliš
- Military Health Institute, Biological Defense Department, Techonin, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Stolaříková
- Regional Institute of Public Health, Department of Bacteriology and Mycology, Partyzánské náměstí 7, 70200 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Klimešová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Vávrová
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandr Hrabálek
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Heyrovského 1203, 50005 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Ruiz-Extremera A, Pavón-Castillero EJ, Florido M, Muñoz de Rueda P, Muñoz-Gámez JA, Casado J, Carazo A, Quiles R, Jiménez-Ruiz SM, Gila A, Luna JD, León J, Salmerón J. Influence of HLA class I, HLA class II and KIRs on vertical transmission and chronicity of hepatitis C virus in children. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172527. [PMID: 28225833 PMCID: PMC5321427 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aim There is evidence that maternal viral load of HCV during delivery influences the risk for Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), but this does not explain all cases. We study the role of the immunogenetic profile (HLA, KIRs and KIR-ligand binding) of mothers and children in HCV-MTCT and in chronicity in the children. Methodology 79 HCV-RNA (+) mothers and their 98 children were included. 24 children were infected, becoming chronic in 8 cases and clearing in 16. HLA-class-I and II and KIRs were determined by Luminex. Results MTCT study: The presence of HLA-C1-ligand in mothers and/or their children reduces the risk of transmission (mothers: Pc = 0.011, children: P = 0.033), whereas the presence of HLA-C2C2-ligand in mothers increases it (Pc = 0.011). In children KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 is a protector factor (Pc = 0.011). Chronicity in children study: Maternal DQA1*01 allele (Pc = 0.027), KIR2DS1 (Pc = 0.011) or KIR3DS1 (Pc = 0.011) favours chronicity in the child. The presence of the DQB1*03 allele (Pc = 0.027) and KIR2DS3 (P = 0.056) in the child and homozygosity for KIR3DL1/3DL1 (Pc = 0.011) and for the HLA-Bw4/Bw4 ligand (P = 0.027) is associated with viral clearance, whereas the presence of HLA-Bw6 ligand (P = 0.027), the binding of KIR3DS1-HLA-Bw4 (P = 0.037) and heterozygosity for KIR3DL1/3DS1 (Pc = 0.011) favour viral chronicity. Mother/child allele matching: In the joint HLA analysis, matching was greater between mothers and children with chronic infection vs those who had cleared the virus (67%±4.1 vs 57%±1.2, P = 0.003). Conclusions The HLA-C1 ligand in the mother is related to MTCT, while several genetic factors of the mother or child are involved in the chronification or clearance of infection in the child. Matching allelic data is considered to be an indicator of HCV chronicity in the child and can be used as a potential prognostic test. This implies that NK cells may play a previously undocumented role in protecting against MTCT and that both NK cell immunity and adaptive T-cell responses may influence viral clearance in infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Ruiz-Extremera
- Paediatric Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital and Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Paediatric Department, Granada University, Granada, Spain
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
| | - E. J. Pavón-Castillero
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - M. Florido
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - P. Muñoz de Rueda
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J. A. Muñoz-Gámez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J. Casado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - A. Carazo
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Quiles
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - S. M. Jiménez-Ruiz
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Medicine Department, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - A. Gila
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J. D. Luna
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Biostatistic Department, Granada University, Granada, Spain
| | - J. León
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - J. Salmerón
- CIBER for Liver and Digestive Disease (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Spain
- Clinical Management Unit of Digestive Diseases, Research Unit, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Medicine Department, Granada University, Granada, Spain
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Smutny T, Nova A, Drechslerová M, Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Hrušková ZR, Kuneš J, Pour M, Špulák M, Pavek P. Correction to 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)quinazoline Derivatives: A New Class of Direct Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:11195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Dusek J, Chodounska H, Horvatova A, Berka K, Bazgier V, Gan-Schreier H, Chamulitrat W, Kudova E, Pavek P. Acetylated deoxycholic (DCA) and cholic (CA) acids are potent ligands of pregnane X (PXR) receptor. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:86-96. [PMID: 27871908 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Pregnane X (PXR), Vitamin D (VDR) and Farnesoid X (FXR) nuclear receptors have been shown to be receptors of bile acids controlling their detoxification or synthesis. Chenodeoxycholic (CDCA) and lithocholic (LCA) acids are ligands of FXR and VDR, respectively, whereas 3-keto and acetylated derivates of LCA have been described as ligands for all three receptors. In this study, we hypothesized that oxidation or acetylation at position 3, 7 and 12 of bile acids DCA (deoxycholic acid), LCA, CA (cholic acid), and CDCA by detoxification enzymes or microbiome may have an effect on the interactions with bile acid nuclear receptors. We employed reporter gene assays in HepG2 cells, the TR-FRET assay with recombinant PXR and RT-PCR to study the effects of acetylated and keto bile acids on the nuclear receptors activation and their target gene expression in differentiated hepatic HepaRG cells. We demonstrate that the DCA 3,12-diacetate and CA 3,7,12-triacetate derivatives are ligands of PXR and DCA 3,12-diacetate induces PXR target genes such as CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and ABCB1/MDR1. In conclusion, we found that acetylated DCA and CA are potent ligands of PXR. Whether the acetylated bile acid derivatives are novel endogenous ligands of PXR with detoxification or physiological functions should be further studied in ongoing experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Hana Chodounska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ160 00 Praha, Czechia
| | - Alzbeta Horvatova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia
| | - Karel Berka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1131, Olomouc CZ779 00, Czechia
| | - Vaclav Bazgier
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, 17. listopadu 1131, Olomouc CZ779 00, Czechia
| | - Hongying Gan-Schreier
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Waleé Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases, Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo náměstí 2, CZ160 00 Praha, Czechia
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czechia.
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Smutny T, Nova A, Drechslerová M, Carazo A, Hyrsova L, Hrušková ZR, Kuneš J, Pour M, Špulák M, Pavek P. 2-(3-Methoxyphenyl)quinazoline Derivatives: A New Class of Direct Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4601-10. [PMID: 27145071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a key regulator of xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. Together with pregnane X (PXR) and aryl hydrocarbon (AHR) receptors, it is referred to as "xenobiotic receptor". The unique properties of human CAR, such as its high constitutive activity, both direct (ligand-binding domain-dependent) and indirect activation have hindered the discovery of direct selective human CAR ligands. Herein, we report a novel class of direct human CAR agonists in a group of 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)quinazoline derivatives. The compounds are even more potent activators of human CAR than is prototype 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO). The three most potent ligands are at the same time extremely potent activators of the other xenobiotic or hormonal receptors, namely PXR, AHR, and vitamin D receptor, which regulate major xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. Thus, the novel CAR ligands can be also considered as constituting the first class of potent pan-xenobiotic receptor ligands that can serve as potential antidotes boosting overall metabolic elimination of xenobiotic or toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice Nova
- Institute of Molecular and Translation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University in Olomouc , Hnevotinska 5, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Hyrsova L, Smutny T, Carazo A, Moravcik S, Mandikova J, Trejtnar F, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pavek P. The pregnane X receptor down-regulates organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) in human hepatocytes by competing for ("squelching") SRC-1 coactivator. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1703-15. [PMID: 26920453 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) transports cationic drugs into hepatocytes. The high hepatic expression of OCT1 is controlled by the HNF4α and USF transcription factors. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) mediates induction of the principal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the liver. Here, we have assessed the down-regulation of OCT1 expression by PXR activation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used primary human hepatocytes and related cell lines to measure OCT1 expression and activity, by assaying MPP(+) accumulation. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, the OCT1 promoter gene reporter constructs and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays were also used. KEY RESULTS OCT1 mRNA in human hepatocytes was down-regulated along with reduced [(3) H]MPP(+) accumulation in differentiated HepaRG cells after treatment with rifampicin. Rifampicin and hyperforin as well as the constitutively active PXR mutant T248D suppressed activity of the 1.8 kb OCT1 promoter construct in gene reporter assays. Silencing of both PXR and HNF4α in HepaRG cells blocked the PXR ligand-mediated down-regulation of OCT1 expression. The mutation of HNF4α and USF1 (E-box) responsive elements reversed the PXR-mediated inhibition in gene reporter assays. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PXR activation sequestrates the SRC-1 coactivator from the HNF4α response element and E-box of the OCT1 promoter. Consistent with these findings, exogenous overexpression of the SRC-1, but not the PGC1α coactivator, relieved the PXR-mediated repression of OCT1 transactivation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS PXR ligands reduced the HNF4α-mediated and USF-mediated transactivation of OCT1 gene expression by competing for SRC-1 and decreased delivery of a model OCT1 substrate into hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan Moravcik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mandikova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Trejtnar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- INSERM, U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, Montpellier, France.,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Carazo A, Pávek P. The Use of the LanthaScreen TR-FRET CAR Coactivator Assay in the Characterization of Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR) Inverse Agonists. Sensors (Basel) 2015; 15:9265-76. [PMID: 25905697 PMCID: PMC4431184 DOI: 10.3390/s150409265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a critical nuclear receptor in the gene regulation of xenobiotic and endobiotic metabolism. The LanthaScreenTM TR-FRET CAR coactivator assay provides a simple and reliable method to analyze the affinity of a ligand to the human CAR ligand-binding domain (LBD) with no need to use cellular models. This in silico assay thus enables the study of direct CAR ligands and the ability to distinguish them from the indirect CAR activators that affect the receptor via the cell signaling-dependent phosphorylation of CAR in cells. For the current paper we characterized the pharmacodynamic interactions of three known CAR inverse agonists/antagonists—PK11195, clotrimazole and androstenol—with the prototype agonist CITCO (6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime) using the TR-FRET LanthaScreenTM assay. We have confirmed that all three compounds are inverse agonists of human CAR, with IC50 0.51, 0.005, and 0.35 μM, respectively. All the compounds also antagonize the CITCO-mediated activation of CAR, but only clotrimazole was capable to completely reverse the effect of CITCO in the tested concentrations. Thus this method allows identifying not only agonists, but also antagonists and inverse agonists for human CAR as well as to investigate the nature of the pharmacodynamic interactions of CAR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Carazo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Kralove CZ500 05, Czech Republic.
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Viota JL, Carazo A, Munoz-Gamez JA, Rudzka K, Gómez-Sotomayor R, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J, Delgado AV. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as vehicles for the delivery of the antitumor drug gemcitabine to tumor cells. Physicochemical in vitro evaluation. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2012; 33:1183-92. [PMID: 23827558 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine is a chemotherapy drug used in different carcinomas, although because it displays a short biological half-life, its plasmatic levels can quickly drop below the effective threshold. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can provide an alternative approach for regulating the bioavailability of this and most other anticancer drugs. In this work we describe a new model of composite nanoparticles consisting of a core of magnetite nanoparticles, coated with successive layers of high molecular weight poly(acrylic acid) and chitosan, and a final layer of folic acid. The possibility of using these self-assembled nanostructures for gemcitabine vehiculization is explored. First, the surface charge of the composite particles is studied by means of electrophoretic mobility measurements as a function of pH for poly(acrylic acid) (carbopol) of different molecular weights. The adsorption of folic acid, aimed at increasing the chances of the particles to pass the cell membrane, is followed up by optical absorbance measurements, which were also employed for drug adsorption determinations. As a main result, it is shown that gemcitabine adsorbs onto the surface of chitosan/carbopol-coated magnetite nanoparticles. In vitro experiments show that the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles are able to deliver the drug to the nuclei of liver, colon and breast tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Viota
- Networked Biomedical Research Center for Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18012, Granada, Spain
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Caballero T, Gila A, Sánchez-Salgado G, Muñoz de Rueda P, León J, Delgado S, Muñoz JA, Caba-Molina M, Carazo A, Ruiz-Extremera A, Salmerón J. Histological and immunohistochemical assessment of liver biopsies in morbidly obese patients. Histol Histopathol 2012; 27:459-66. [PMID: 22374723 DOI: 10.14670/hh-27.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study liver lesions in morbidly obese patients who underwent liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery to define histological lesions, especially inflammatory infiltrate, diagnostic categories and the possible influence of gender in this respect. METHODS AND RESULTS 110 biopsies (36 males-M- and 76 females -F-) were evaluated and categorised, according to the NAS (NAFLD -non alcoholic fatty liver disease- Activity Score) system and other criteria, as non-NAFLD (15.5%, F predominance), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (16.5%, M predominance), non-alcoholic hepatosteatosis (NAHS) (21%, F predominance) and, the most numerous group, NASH-borderline (NASH-BORD) (47%), with three subgroups, characterised by centrozonal lesions, portal area preferential involvement or affecting both areas. The predominant form of hepatocytesteatosis was mixed with a multivesicular component that was present in most cases with fibroinflammatory portal involvement. Nuclear glycogenosomes were found in greater number of biopsies in patients in the third and sixth decades. Portal inflammation was present in a large number of cases (M predominance); the application of immunohistochemical techniques (myeloperoxidase and CD68 antibodies) to evaluate lobular inflammation revealed "surgical hepatitis" in one third of the cases, and the presence of microgranulomas (CD68+) (M predominance), which were more abundant with increasing lesion severity. CONCLUSIONS Portal inflammation and multivesicular hepatocytesteatosis are highly prevalent in morbidly obese patients. This study identifies a new subtype of NASH-BORD characterized by centrizonal and porto-periportal area involvement and the existence of liver biopsies without steatosis. CD68+ microgranulomas constitute an unequivocal marker of lobular inflammation in surgical biopsies and of lesion severity, which is gender-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Caballero
- Pathology Department, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada (HUSC) and School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain.
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Muñoz-Gámez J, Quiles-Pérez R, Ruiz-Extremera A, Martín-Álvarez A, Sanjuan-Nuñez L, Carazo A, León J, Oliver F, Salmerón J. Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 enhances doxorubicin activity against liver cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 301:47-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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López-Jaramillo FJ, Moraleda AB, González-Ramírez LA, Carazo A, García-Ruiz JM. Soaking: the effect of osmotic shock on tetragonal lysozyme crystals. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2002; 58:209-14. [PMID: 11807244 DOI: 10.1107/s090744490101914x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2001] [Accepted: 11/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Protein crystals crack when they are soaked in a solution with ionic strength sufficiently different from the environment in which they grew. It is demonstrated for the case of tetragonal lysozyme that the forces involved and the mechanisms that lead to the formation of cracks are different for hypertonic and hypotonic soaking. Tetragonal lysozyme crystals are very sensitive to hypotonic shocks and, after a certain waiting time, cracks always appear with a characteristic pattern perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. Conversely, a hypertonic shock is better withstood: cracks do not display any deterministic pattern, are only visible at higher differences in ionic strength and after a certain time a phenomenon of crystal reconstruction occurs and the cracks vanish. At the lattice level, the unit-cell volume expands in hypotonic shock and shrinks under hypertonic conditions. However, the compression of the unit cell is anisotropic: the c axis is compressed to a minimum, beyond which it expands despite the unit-cell volume continuing to shrink. This behaviour is a direct consequence of the positive charge that the crystals bear and the existence of channels along the crystallographic c axis. Both features are responsible for the Gibbs-Donnan effect which limits the free exchange of ions and affects the movement of water inside the channels and bound to the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J López-Jaramillo
- Loboratorio de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-UGRA, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Fuentenueva, 18002 Granada, Spain.
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Carazo A, Alejandre MJ, Louktibi A, Linares A. The reversal of the inhibition on lipids synthesis by L-659,699 in arterial smooth muscle cells cultures. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 221:25-31. [PMID: 11506182 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010913621768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The beta-lactone isolated from Fusarium sp. termed L-659,699 is a potent specific inhibitor of the enzyme 3-hydroxi-3-methylglutaril coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase. In cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from aortic-arch of control (C-SMC) and 5% of cholesterol diet (Ch-SMC) treated chicks, the incorporation of (14C)-acetate to lipids (cholesterol, triacylglycerides and cholesterol ester) were greater in Ch-SMC cultures than in C-SMC and the presence of 0.05 microM L-659,699 for 2 h in the incubation medium decrease the synthesis of cholesterol however the triacylglycerides synthesis increase. The effect of inhibitor is stronger in young cultures (3-4 steps) than in the older ones (11-12 steps). In young C-SMC and Ch-SMC cultures the inhibition of cholesterol and triacylglycerides synthesis by L-659,699 was reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Carazo A, Alejandre MJ, Suarez MD, Linares A. Alterations in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase mRNA concentration in cultured chick aortic smooth muscle cells. Lipids 2000; 35:587-93. [PMID: 10901418 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-000-0560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We observed and compared alterations in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase at the transcriptional level in unsynchronized, three-passage cultures of smooth-muscle cells from the aorta of chicks fed on a control diet (C-SMC) and those of chicks fed on a similar diet plus cholesterol (Ch-SMC). Alterations in reductase mRNA concentrations in senescent cultures were much lower. We used a modification of the competitive (c) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method, using a Thermus thermophilus DNA polymerase (Tth pol) to quantify the very scarce species of HMG-CoA reductase mRNA in samples of cytoplasmic SMC mRNA. We cloned and sequenced a 199 bp cDNA fragment of chicken HMG-CoA reductase, which encoded a region of 66 amino acids belonging to the catalytic domain of the enzyme. HMG-CoA reductase mRNA concentrations from young C-SMC cultures rose 3.89-fold 4 h after the change of medium and returned to base levels between 8 to 12 h afterward. Concentrations in Ch-SMC cultures increased less (2.36-fold) 8 h after the change to fresh medium. Increases in reductase mRNA in senescent cultures of Ch-SMC and C-SMC measured under similar conditions were only 1.28- and 1.39-fold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carazo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Carazo A, Alejandre J, Diaz R, Ríos A, Castillo M, Linares A. Changes in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells isolated from chicks upon cholesterol feeding. Lipids 1998; 33:181-90. [PMID: 9507240 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-998-0194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed cultures of smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from arterial hypercholesterolemic chicks (cholesterol-SMC). These cultures are suitable for the study at the molecular level of the changes in arterial SMC induced by a cholesterol diet. By using a strong dose of cholesterol (5%) for 10 d, we obtained very proliferative SMC which became foam cells after 30 d in culture. On the other hand, SMC cultures isolated from control-fed chicks had a lower growth rate than the SMC ones under the same culture conditions. DNA synthesis was fourfold greater in cholesterol-SMC than in control-SMC cultures. Intracellular cholesterol concentrations were the same in both cholesterol and control SMC during the first 14 d of culture but afterward increased in differing ways: after 20 d of culture the cholesterol-SMC increased their cholesterol content to double the control. We give here the results obtained from transmission electron microscopy, lipid analysis, proliferation studies, DNA, RNA and protein synthesis, and then discuss their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Carazo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Spain
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Mena MA, Casarejos MJ, Carazo A, Paíno CL, García de Yébenes J. Glia protect fetal midbrain dopamine neurons in culture from L-DOPA toxicity through multiple mechanisms. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 1997; 104:317-28. [PMID: 9295168 DOI: 10.1007/bf01277654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesencephalic glia produce soluble factors that protect dopamine neurons from L-DOPA toxicity. The chemical composition of these soluble factors is unknown. We investigated the protective effect against L-DOPA neurotoxicity in midbrain dopamine neurons of fractions of different molecular size of glia conditioned medium and candidate neuroprotective agents produced by glia including neurotrophic factors and antioxidants. Protective effects were evaluated according to the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells, high affinity dopamine uptake and levels of quinones. Both fractions of glia conditioned medium, smaller and larger than 10kD, protected against L-DOPA, but the fraction of smaller molecular size, that contains small free radical scanvenger molecules, was more effective than the fraction of larger molecular size, that contains large neurotrophic peptides. Among the neurotrophic factors GDNF and BDNF totally prevented L-DOPA neurotoxicity, while NGF and bFGF were less effective. However, only NGF significantly reduced the elevation of quinones induced by L-DOPA. Ascorbic acid, at the concentration found in glia conditioned medium, provided partial protective effect against L-DOPA toxicity. Glutathione, had neurotrophic effects on untreated midbrain dopamine neurons and prevented the effect of L-DOPA. In conclusion, the protective effect against L-DOPA neurotoxicity by glia conditioned medium is mediated by several compounds including neurotrophic factors and small antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mena
- Departamento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
L-DOPA kills dopamine neurones in culture but is the most effective drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, where it exhibits no clear toxicity. While glial cells surround and protect neurones in vivo, neurones are usually cultured in vitro in the absence of glia. We treated fetal midbrain rat neurones with L-DOPA, mesencephalic glia conditioned medium (CM) and L-DOPA + CM. L-DOPA reduced the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive (TH+) cells and [3H]DA uptake, and increased quinone levels. L-DOPA + CM restored [3H]DA uptake and quinone levels to normal, and increased the number of TH+ cells and terminals to 170% of control. CM greatly increased the number of TH+ cells and [3H]DA uptake. Mesencephalic glia therefore produced soluble factors which are neurotrophic for dopamine neurones, and which protect these neurones from the toxic effects of L-DOPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mena
- Departmento de Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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Caballero A, Carazo A, Ortiz M, De Agustin P. [Placental transfer of fetal red blood corpuscles during pregnancy or delivery]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1973; 68:261-78. [PMID: 17474194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Caballero
- Servicio III, Institute Provincial de Obstetrica y Ginecologia, O'Donnel, 48, Madrid, Espagne
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Caballero A, Alonso Magan JL, Carazo A, Jimenez Torres F. [Amnioscopy]. Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 1969; 64:653-66. [PMID: 5373241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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