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Brault A, Audureau M, Boisseau S. Diagnostic de pemphigoïde bulleuse en médecine d’urgence. Ann Fr Med Urgence 2022. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2022-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Huang X, Roet KCD, Zhang L, Brault A, Berg AP, Jefferson AB, Klug-McLeod J, Leach KL, Vincent F, Yang H, Coyle AJ, Jones LH, Frost D, Wiskow O, Chen K, Maeda R, Grantham A, Dornon MK, Klim JR, Siekmann MT, Zhao D, Lee S, Eggan K, Woolf CJ. Human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis excitability phenotype screen: Target discovery and validation. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109224. [PMID: 34107252 PMCID: PMC8209673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development is hampered by poor target selection. Phenotypic screens using neurons differentiated from patient stem cells offer the possibility to validate known and discover novel disease targets in an unbiased fashion. To identify targets for managing hyperexcitability, a pathological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we design a multi-step screening funnel using patient-derived motor neurons. High-content live cell imaging is used to evaluate neuronal excitability, and from a screen against a chemogenomic library of 2,899 target-annotated compounds, 67 reduce the hyperexcitability of ALS motor neurons carrying the SOD1(A4V) mutation, without cytotoxicity. Bioinformatic deconvolution identifies 13 targets that modulate motor neuron excitability, including two known ALS excitability modulators, AMPA receptors and Kv7.2/3 ion channels, constituting target validation. We also identify D2 dopamine receptors as modulators of ALS motor neuron excitability. This screen demonstrates the power of human disease cell-based phenotypic screens for identifying clinically relevant targets for neurological disorders. Motor neuron hyperexcitability is observed in both ALS patients and their iPSC-derived neurons. Combining a high-content live imaging excitability phenotypic assay, high-throughput screening against a cross-annotated chemogenomic library, and bioinformatic enrichment analysis, Huang et al. identify targets modulating the hyperexcitability of ALS patient-derived motor neurons in an unbiased manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Huang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kasper C D Roet
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liying Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Amy Brault
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Allison P Berg
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anne B Jefferson
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Karen L Leach
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Hongying Yang
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anthony J Coyle
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lyn H Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Devlin Frost
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ole Wiskow
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kuchuan Chen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rie Maeda
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alyssa Grantham
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mary K Dornon
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph R Klim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marco T Siekmann
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dongyi Zhao
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seungkyu Lee
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Eggan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Hall J, Ralph EC, Shanker S, Wang H, Byrnes LJ, Horst R, Wong J, Brault A, Dumlao D, Smith JF, Dakin LA, Schmitt DC, Trujillo J, Vincent F, Griffor M, Aulabaugh AE. The catalytic mechanism of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and implications for innate immunity and inhibition. Protein Sci 2017; 26:2367-2380. [PMID: 28940468 PMCID: PMC5699495 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is activated by ds-DNA binding to produce the secondary messenger 2',3'-cGAMP. cGAS is an important control point in the innate immune response; dysregulation of the cGAS pathway is linked to autoimmune diseases while targeted stimulation may be of benefit in immunoncology. We report here the structure of cGAS with dinucleotides and small molecule inhibitors, and kinetic studies of the cGAS mechanism. Our structural work supports the understanding of how ds-DNA activates cGAS, suggesting a site for small molecule binders that may cause cGAS activation at physiological ATP concentrations, and an apparent hotspot for inhibitor binding. Mechanistic studies of cGAS provide the first kinetic constants for 2',3'-cGAMP formation, and interestingly, describe a catalytic mechanism where 2',3'-cGAMP may be a minor product of cGAS compared with linear nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hall
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Erik C Ralph
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Suman Shanker
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Hong Wang
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Laura J Byrnes
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Reto Horst
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Jimson Wong
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Amy Brault
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Darren Dumlao
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - James F Smith
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Leslie A Dakin
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, 610 Main St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | - Daniel C Schmitt
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - John Trujillo
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Hit Discovery and Lead Profiling, Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Matt Griffor
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
| | - Ann E Aulabaugh
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut, 06340
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Hall J, Brault A, Vincent F, Weng S, Wang H, Dumlao D, Aulabaugh A, Aivazian D, Castro D, Chen M, Culp J, Dower K, Gardner J, Hawrylik S, Golenbock D, Hepworth D, Horn M, Jones L, Jones P, Latz E, Li J, Lin LL, Lin W, Lin D, Lovering F, Niljanskul N, Nistler R, Pierce B, Plotnikova O, Schmitt D, Shanker S, Smith J, Snyder W, Subashi T, Trujillo J, Tyminski E, Wang G, Wong J, Lefker B, Dakin L, Leach K. Discovery of PF-06928215 as a high affinity inhibitor of cGAS enabled by a novel fluorescence polarization assay. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184843. [PMID: 28934246 PMCID: PMC5608272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) initiates the innate immune system in response to cytosolic dsDNA. After binding and activation from dsDNA, cGAS uses ATP and GTP to synthesize 2', 3' -cGAMP (cGAMP), a cyclic dinucleotide second messenger with mixed 2'-5' and 3'-5' phosphodiester bonds. Inappropriate stimulation of cGAS has been implicated in autoimmune disease such as systemic lupus erythematosus, thus inhibition of cGAS may be of therapeutic benefit in some diseases; however, the size and polarity of the cGAS active site makes it a challenging target for the development of conventional substrate-competitive inhibitors. We report here the development of a high affinity (KD = 200 nM) inhibitor from a low affinity fragment hit with supporting biochemical and structural data showing these molecules bind to the cGAS active site. We also report a new high throughput cGAS fluorescence polarization (FP)-based assay to enable the rapid identification and optimization of cGAS inhibitors. This FP assay uses Cy5-labelled cGAMP in combination with a novel high affinity monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes cGAMP with no cross reactivity to cAMP, cGMP, ATP, or GTP. Given its role in the innate immune response, cGAS is a promising therapeutic target for autoinflammatory disease. Our results demonstrate its druggability, provide a high affinity tool compound, and establish a high throughput assay for the identification of next generation cGAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hall
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy Brault
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Fabien Vincent
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shawn Weng
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Wang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Darren Dumlao
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ann Aulabaugh
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Dikran Aivazian
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dana Castro
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Ming Chen
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Culp
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Ken Dower
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joseph Gardner
- External Research Solutions, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Steven Hawrylik
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Douglas Golenbock
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Hepworth
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark Horn
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lyn Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Jones
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eicke Latz
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospitals Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Li
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Inflammation and Immunology, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wen Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - David Lin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Frank Lovering
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Ryan Nistler
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Betsy Pierce
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Olga Plotnikova
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Suman Shanker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - James Smith
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - William Snyder
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy Subashi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - John Trujillo
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Edyta Tyminski
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Guoxing Wang
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jimson Wong
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Bruce Lefker
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leslie Dakin
- Medicine Design, Pfizer, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen Leach
- Pfizer Centers for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Harbilas D, Brault A, Vallerand D, Saleem A, Martineau L, Arnason J, Haddad P. Treatment of obesity and diabetes by a Canadian aboriginal medicinal plant in a mouse model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1499-2671(09)33056-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Ligeret H, Brault A, Vallerand D, Haddad Y, Haddad PS. Antioxidant and mitochondrial protective effects of silibinin in cold preservation-warm reperfusion liver injury. J Ethnopharmacol 2008; 115:507-14. [PMID: 18061382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Silybum marianum (milk thistle) is a Mediterranean plant that has been used since Greco-Roman times to treat liver ailments. Silibinin, the most active hepatoprotective constituent of the plant's seed, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. We thus assessed its protective potential in liver transplantation injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat livers were isolated and preserved during 24h at 4 degrees C in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution alone (control), UW containing 100 microM silibinin or UW containing vehicle (ethanol). Livers were then reperfused at 37 degrees C for 1h with Krebs-Henseleit solution supplemented with 20% erythrocytes. RESULTS Compared to control, cold preservation and warm reperfusion promoted lipid peroxidation (+40%) and superoxide anion generation (+147%), while attenuating reduced glutathione (-23%), mitochondrial ATP content (-57%) and respiratory control ratio (RCR; -37%). Preservation done in presence of silibinin improved parameters affected by preservation and reperfusion. In fact, silibinin promoted an increase of ATP and RCR by, respectively, 39 and 16% and decreased oxidative stress to values observed in livers never preserved nor perfused. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, silibinin shows promise in protecting the liver from cold preservation/warm reperfusion damages. Moreover our study suggests that concepts of traditional medicine have the potential to be transposed successfully in the context of modern medical interventions such as liver transplantation surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ligeret
- Département de Pharmacologie and Groupe d'étude des protéines membranaires, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Madzak C, Mimmi MC, Caminade E, Brault A, Baumberger S, Briozzo P, Mougin C, Jolivalt C. Shifting the optimal pH of activity for a laccase from the fungus Trametes versicolor by structure-based mutagenesis. Protein Eng Des Sel 2005; 19:77-84. [PMID: 16368720 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzj004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laccases are oxidizing enzymes of interest because of their potential environmental and industrial applications. We performed site-directed mutagenesis of a laccase produced by Trametes versicolor in order to improve its catalytic properties. Considering a strong interaction of the Asp residue in position 206 with the substrate xylidine, we replaced it with Glu, Ala or Asn, expressed the mutant enzymes in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica and assayed the transformation of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. The transformation rates remain within the same range whatever the mutation of the laccase and the type of substrate: at most a 3-fold factor increase was obtained for k(cat) between the wild-type and the most efficient mutant Asp206Ala with 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid as a substrate. Nevertheless, the Asn mutation led to a significant shift of the pH (DeltapH = 1.4) for optimal activity against 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. This study also provides a new insight into the binding of the reducing substrate into the active T1 site and induced modifications in catalytic properties of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Madzak
- Laboratoire de Synthèse Sélective Organique et Produits Naturels, UMR CNRS 7573, ENSCP, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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8
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Chesworth R, Wessel MD, Heyden L, Mangano FM, Zawistoski M, Gegnas L, Galluzzo D, Lefker B, Cameron KO, Tickner J, Lu B, Castleberry TA, Petersen DN, Brault A, Perry P, Ng O, Owen TA, Pan L, Ke HZ, Brown TA, Thompson DD, DaSilva-Jardine P. Estrogen receptor β selective ligands: Discovery and SAR of novel heterocyclic ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:5562-6. [PMID: 16219463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2005] [Revised: 08/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of ligands with varying heterocyclic cores and substituents that display a range of selectivity's (up to >100x) for ER-beta over ER-alpha are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chesworth
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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9
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Chesworth R, Zawistoski MP, Lefker BA, Cameron KO, Day RF, Mangano FM, Rosati RL, Colella S, Petersen DN, Brault A, Lu B, Pan LC, Perry P, Ng O, Castleberry TA, Owen TA, Brown TA, Thompson DD, DaSilva-Jardine P. Tetrahydroisoquinolines as subtype selective estrogen agonists/antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:2729-33. [PMID: 15125923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2004] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 6-hydroxy and 7-hydroxy tetrahydroisoquinolines were prepared. Evaluating a range of C-1, C-4, and N-substituents led to the discovery of ER alpha and ER beta selective analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Chesworth
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, CVMD Groton Laboratories, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Urata K, Brault A, Rocheleau B, Huet PM. Role of Kupffer cells in the survival after rat liver transplantation with long portal vein clamping times. Transpl Int 2001; 13:420-7. [PMID: 11140240 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Applying the orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) model, postoperative survival has been shown to be mainly dependent on the portal vein clamping time (PVCT). It was hypothesized that prolonged intestinal congestion was responsible for the activation of Kupffer cells (KC) with overproduction of TNF, secondary to splanchnic endotoxin accumulation and release on reperfusion. The role of KCs was directly investigated in the context of long PVCTs by eliminating them (using liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate), by preventing their activation (using a calcium channel blocker, nisoldipine) and by inhibiting TNF production (using thalidomide). Livers from different groups of rats were transplanted following 24-h cold preservation in the UW solution with long PVCTs (from 18-21 min). KCs depletion, preservation with nisoldipine and pretreatment with thalidomide significantly improved survival in conditions using long PVCTs. KC depletion and nisoldipine preservation had no effect on liver enzymes or pathological findings while lung injury was significantly improved. The present data confirm that, in the context of ORLT with long PVCTs, KCs are directly responsible for the systemic endotoxin-like shock syndrome and their effect is mediated through overproduction of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urata
- Research Centre-Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, 264 East René Lévesque Blvd, Montréal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada
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11
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Abstract
Applying the orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) model, postoperative survival has been shown to be mainly dependent on the portal vein clamping time (PVCT). It was hypothesized that prolonged intestinal congestion was responsible for the activation of Kupffer cells (KC) with overproduction of TNF, secondary to splanchnic endotoxin accumulation and release on reperfusion. The role of KCs was directly investigated in the context of long PVCTs by eliminating them (using liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate), by preventing their activation (using a calcium channel blocker, nisoldipine) and by inhibiting TNF production (using thalidomide). Livers from different groups of rats were transplanted following 24-h cold preservation in the UW solution with long PVCTs (from 18-21 min). KCs depletion, preservation with nisoldipine and pretreatment with thalidomide significantly improved survival in conditions using long PVCTs. KC depletion and nisoldipine preservation had no effect on liver enzymes or pathological findings while lung injury was significantly improved. The present data confirm that, in the context of ORLT with long PVCTs, KCs are directly responsible for the systemic endotoxin-like shock syndrome and their effect is mediated through overproduction of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urata
- Research Centre-Hôpital Saint-Luc, CHUM, 264 East René Lévesque Blvd, Montréal, QC, H2X 1P1, Canada
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12
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Urata K, Brault A, Huet PM. Effects of portal vein clamping time on rat liver microcirculation following extended cold preservation and transplantation. Transpl Int 2000; 12:408-14. [PMID: 10654351 DOI: 10.1007/s001470050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic rat liver transplantation (ORLT) following extended cold preservation in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution has been shown to induce alterations of the hepatic microcirculation, mainly characterized by areas of no-reflow. The present study was performed to determine whether these alterations were related to the portal vein clamping time (PVCT), shown to be the main determinant of survival after ORLT. The hepatic microcirculation was evaluated using the multiple-indicator dilution curve (MIDC) technique after ORLT following 24-hour cold ischemia in UW solution. Two groups of rats were studied: one with PVCTs of less than 14 min (survival conditions) and one with PVCTs of more than 18 min (nonsurvival conditions). Four hours after ORLT, only long PVCTs were associated with small, but significant, nonperfused areas, about 10% of the liver not being perfused by water; however, in both survival and nonsurvival conditions, the sinusoidal sieving function was well-maintained in perfused areas. In addition, liver viability parameters and hepatocyte function were similarly and minimally altered. The hepatic microcirculation is minimally altered 4 h after ORLT following extended cold preservation in UW solution, whatever the survival condition. Although only found after long PVCTs, the low magnitude of areas of no-reflow should not be associated with lethal injury of the transplanted liver, a finding further supporting the concept that survival after ORLT following 24-hour cold preservation in UW solution is mainly influenced by extrahepatic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urata
- Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Abstract
The goal of the present experiment was to measure the volume of the different compartments in liver of exercised rats and to get some insights into the appropriate working of the hepatic function following exercise. Hence, livers from male rats were isolated and perfused after treadmill exercise or rest. This procedure was performed on rats that were overnight semifasted (50% food restriction) or well fed. To evaluate the hepatocyte cell volume, the multiple-indicator dilution curve technique was used after 40 min of perfusion. Radioactive tracers for red blood cells, sucrose, and water were used to measure liver vascular space, liver interstitial space, and water cellular space, respectively. The hepatocyte function was assessed by taurocholate and propanolol clearance. Oxygen consumption, intrahepatic resistance, bile secretion, and lactate dehydrogenase release estimated liver viability. Liver viability and hepatocyte function were not changed following exercise either in the fed or in the semifasted animals. As expected, liver glycogen levels were significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in the food-restricted rats. Consequently, liver glycogen levels following exercise were decreased significantly (P < 0.01) only in the fed rats. Despite this, exercise decreased the hepatocyte water space in both food-restricted and fed groups ( approximately 15%; P < 0.01) without altering the sinusoidal and interstitial space. The present data show that acute exercise decreased the hepatocyte volume and that this volume change is not entirely linked to a decrease in hepatic glycogen level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Latour
- Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal and Research Centre of the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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14
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Urata K, Nguyen B, Brault A, Lavoie J, Rocheleau B, Huet PM. Decreased survival in rat liver transplantation with extended cold preservation: role of portal vein clamping time. Hepatology 1998; 28:366-73. [PMID: 9695998 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510280211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Primary liver graft dysfunction is currently related to cold ischemia-reperfusion injury, although a wide survival range has been reported using 24-hour preservation in cold University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. We hypothesized that the portal vein clamping time (PVCT) played a more important role than cold preservation injury in the postoperative outcome. Rat liver transplantation was performed using different clamping times after 24-hour cold ischemia in the UW solution. Survival rates, plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and nitrate/nitrite levels were examined. Subsequently, the effect of clamping time was evaluated on hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell (SEC) function using isolated perfused livers. Survival rate was directly related to clamping time length. Marked increases in TNF and nitrate/nitrite levels were found after surgery, particularly after long clamping times. In perfusion studies, the SEC function was already markedly altered after preservation alone and was not further modified by transplantation. By contrast, the hepatocyte function was moderately altered after transplantation, irrespective of clamping times, even when rats operated with long clamping times were in terminal conditions. In rats, 24-hour preservation in cold UW solution is not a severely compromising condition leading to primary liver nonfunction. Long PVCTs are associated with an endotoxemia-like syndrome more related to a warm intestinal ischemia than to cold ischemia injury of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Urata
- Research Center, Saint-Luc Pavillon, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cell impairment and/or microcirculatory disturbances are thought to induce storage-related graft failure; however, the respective roles of changes induced by extended cold preservation and transplantation, as well as their interactions, are still unknown. To this end, the alterations of the liver microcirculation and of hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell functions induced by extended cold preservation and/or transplantation were assessed using an isolated perfused rat liver model combined to an orthotopic rat liver transplantation model. Liver microcirculation remained minimally altered following extended cold ischemia alone, despite a marked deterioration of sinusoidal endothelial cell function, while liver microcirculation alterations were mainly characterized by areas of no-reflow following transplantation alone. It was only when both procedures were associated that hepatocyte function became markedly compromised, without further deterioration in liver microcirculation. It is concluded that extended cold preservation and transplantation as such are not associated with lethal liver injury. However, the sinusoidal cell impairment and the liver microcirculatory disturbances, induced by both conditions combined, are important factors leading to secondary hepatic nonfunction, which might be triggered by extrahepatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imamura
- Andre-Viallet Clinical Research Center, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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16
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Imamura H, Laberge S, Brault A, Coté J, Huet PM. Immunogenic role of Kupffer cells in a rat model of acute liver allograft rejection. Liver Transpl Surg 1995; 1:389-94. [PMID: 9346618 DOI: 10.1002/lt.500010610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells (KCs) are of bone-marrow origin. After liver transplantation, recipient KCs are supposed to replace donor KCs. On the other hand, KCs are currently hypothesized to play a major immunogenic role in acute liver allograft rejection. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenic role of KCs in acute rat liver allograft rejection. For this purpose, we depleted the donor KCs using intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (DMDP) in the fully allogenic ACI-to-LEW rat liver transplantation model. Kupffer cell depletion was confirmed using monoclonal antibodies ED2. In a first set of experiments, graft survival was evaluated, as were body weight and serum bilirubin changes, after the transplantation. Graft survival time showed no difference between the groups (treated, 12.5 +/- 0.92 days; control, 11.9 +/- 0.80 days). Body weight and serum bilirubin changes were similarly affected in both groups. In a second set of experiments, recipients were killed on day 6 after the transplantation, and rejection was histologically graded from 0 to 4. All grafted livers were judged as grade 3 regardless of treatment. ED2 staining showed KCs repopulation in both untreated and the dichloromethylene diphosphonate treated livers. The results of the present study provide evidence that KCs do not play an important immunogenic role in acute liver allograft rejection of the rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imamura
- André-Viallet Clinical Research Center, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Abstract
To verify the role of donor nutritional status on the quality of liver preservation after cold storage, we assessed hepatocyte and liver endothelial cell viabilities and functions in an isolated perfused rat liver model. Livers from fed and fasted Wistar rats were isolated and perfused either immediately after liver harvesting or after a 24-hr cold (4 degrees C) preservation in University of Wisconsin solution. Hyaluronic acid (150 ng/ml) and taurocholate (11.5 micrograms/ml) were infused into the reservoir, and their eliminations were assessed to evaluate liver endothelial cell function and hepatocyte function, respectively. Liver viability was estimated by intrahepatic resistance, oxygen consumption, bile secretion, and lactate dehydrogenase release. In addition, cell viabilities were evaluated by trypan blue staining. In fed-rat livers, glycogen content did not differ before or after the cold preservation, although a reduction was observed during the subsequent perfusion period. Liver glycogen content in fed rats was markedly higher than in the fasted rats at each time point studied. In fasted and fed rats, liver viability parameters and hepatocyte function were moderately altered, whereas liver endothelial cell function was markedly impaired after cold preservation. However, feeding had no influence on either hepatocyte or liver endothelial cell functions which were similarly altered in both nutritional conditions. The present data show that the nutritional status of liver donors does not play an important role in the preservation of liver endothelial cells after cold ischemia-reperfusion and, thus, should not affect the overall resistance of livers to hypothermic-ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imamura
- André-Viallet Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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18
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Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Kupffer cell activation is hypothesized to play an etiopathogenic role in storage-related graft failure after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to verify whether the elimination of Kupffer cells modifies the magnitude of cold ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver. METHODS Rat Kupffer cells were eliminated by an intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. Livers from control and treated rats were isolated and perfused before and after 24-hour cold ischemia in the University of Wisconsin solution (4 degrees C). Hepatocyte and sinusoidal endothelial cell functions were evaluated by taurocholate and hyaluronic acid elimination, respectively. Liver transplantation was also performed using control and treated donor livers stored under identical conditions. RESULTS Compared with baseline values, similar alterations were found in both groups after cold ischemia for hepatocyte function (intrahepatic resistance, bile secretion, lactate dehydrogenase release, oxygen consumption, and taurocholate intrinsic clearance) and for sinusoidal endothelial cell function (hyaluronic acid intrinsic clearance). The 10-day survival rate of animals undergoing transplantation was not different between the groups (6 of 15 vs. 4 of 15, control vs. treated donor livers, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The presence or absence of Kupffer cells does not modify the effect of 24-hour cold ischemia/reperfusion on the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Imamura
- André-Viallet Clinical Research Center, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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20
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Abstract
Liver endothelial cells appear to be particularly vulnerable to cold ischemia reperfusion. However, their function has not yet been evaluated, except using electron microscopic changes and trypan blue exclusion (an index of cell death). Hyaluronic acid is a polysaccharide highly extracted by normal liver endothelial cells. We thus evaluated liver endothelial cell function by measuring hyaluronic acid elimination in a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury using isolated perfused Wistar rat livers. We compared the effects of two preservation solutions during cold ischemia (4 degrees C): normal saline with 2 mM CaCl2 (4 h and 8 h ischemia) and the University of Wisconsin solution (8 h and 24 h ischemia). Eliminations were measured during two 40-min periods before and after ischemia; during each period, hyaluronic acid (150 ng/ml) and also, to evaluate hepatocyte function, propranolol (100 ng/ml) were infused into the reservoir. We show that, whatever the preservation solution or time used, liver endothelial cell function is altered to a larger extent than hepatocyte function. University of Wisconsin solution does not appear to protect liver endothelial cells during preservation, particularly after 24 h of cold ischemia. Hyaluronic acid elimination can be a useful tool in the investigation of an ideal preservation solution to protect liver endothelial cells from ischemia-reperfusion damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sutto
- Centre de Recherche Clinique André-Viallet, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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21
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Kassissia I, Brault A, Huet PM. Hepatic artery and portal vein vascularization of normal and cirrhotic rat liver. Hepatology 1994; 19:1189-97. [PMID: 8175141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The hepatic artery and portal vein vascularization of seven normal and seven cirrhotic rats was evaluated by means of the multiple-indicator dilution technique using the flow-limited model analysis. Injected 15-micron microspheres were all trapped by the liver in normal and cirrhotic rats after portal vein and hepatic artery injections, ruling out the presence of intrahepatic shunts larger than 15 microns. The albumin curve was linearly displaced relative to the red blood cell curve in both groups of rats, indicating that albumin distribution remained compatible with the flow-limited distribution model. Albumin extravascular space was similar when measured following both routes of injection. Sucrose outflow profile was also compatible with the flow-limited model after portal vein injection in normal rats, but not in severely cirrhotic rats. In contrast, after hepatic artery injection in both normal and cirrhotic rats the sucrose curve was not linearly displaced compared with that of red blood cells; its curve peak was less delayed than its downslope. This finding indicates that, after hepatic artery injection, sucrose distribution was not compatible with the flow-limited model; moreover, its extravascular space was much larger than that after portal vein injection, particularly in cirrhotic rats. This phenomenon is best explained by the peribiliary capillary plexus, lying between terminal arteries and sinusoids, a plexus enlarged in cirrhotic livers. Finally, sinusoidal volume was apparently much larger after hepatic arterial injection compared with that after portal venous injection. This occurrence may well result from an unshared arterial sinusoidal bed or the peribiliary capillary plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kassissia
- Centre de Recherche Clinique André-Viallet, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Abstract
It has been suggested that hepatocyte enlargement can lead to compression of the extracellular space (sinusoidal and interstitial) and induce portal hypertension. However, this hypothesis has never been tested by measuring the vascular and extravascular spaces in the intact liver. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the hepatic microcirculation using Goresky's multiple-indicator dilution technique in the isolated perfused rat liver. Female rat littermates were pair-fed either ethanol (n = 7) or an isocaloric carbohydrate diet (n = 7) for 21 days. As expected, chronic alcohol intake produced a significant increase in liver/body weight ratio (+32%, p less than 0.01) and hepatocyte size (+45%, p less than 0.001), which was accompanied by a marked increase in the cellular water space (control: 3.3 +/- 0.6 ml; ethanol-fed: 4.9 +/- 0.9 ml; p less than 0.001). When expressing data per total liver, the sinusoidal space was similar in the two groups (control: 1.87 +/- 0.2; ethanol-fed: 1.95 +/- 0.2 ml; not significant), whereas the interstitial space was increased in alcohol rats compared to controls (albumin space +58%, p less than 0.01; sucrose space +51%, p less than 0.01). In alcoholic rats, the sinusoidal space was probably stretched, with an overall reduced transversal diameter, as suggested by the reduced values found when data were expressed per gm of liver weight. However, despite this finding and the enlargement of the liver and hepatocytes observed in alcoholic rats, similar values were obtained between the two groups for the portal perfusion pressure and thus the intrahepatic vascular resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mastaï
- André-Viallet Clinical Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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23
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Delfosse L, Baillet C, Brault A, Brault D. Combustion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer filled with aluminium and magnesium hydroxides. Polym Degrad Stab 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-3910(89)90056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Gascon-Barré M, Huet PM, St-Onge-Brault G, Brault A, Kassissia I. Liver extraction of vitamin D3 is independent of its hepatic venous or arterial route of delivery. Studies in isolated-perfused rat liver preparations. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1988; 245:975-81. [PMID: 2838611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatic extraction of a naturally occurring secosteroid, vitamin D3 (D3), in relation to its hepatic arterial or portal venous route of delivery has been studied in isolated rat liver preparations perfused at an arterial/venous flow ratio of 1:4. No significant difference in the fractional hepatic extraction of D3 was observed when the vitamin was administered via the portal venous route compared to when it was administered via the hepatic arterial route. Estimation of the uptake and clearance of D3 in relation to its route of delivery revealed, however, that due to the higher perfusion flow through the portal venous than through the arterial route, both the hepatic uptake and clearance of D3 were significantly higher after portal vein than after hepatic artery delivery. Moreover, calculation of the uptake of D3 after delivery through the portal venous route also revealed that it was not significantly different from that of the total hepatic uptake (uptake following portal vein + hepatic artery delivery). The data obtained during the present studies indicate, then, that the fractional hepatic extraction of D3 is not dependent on its route of entry into the liver; it also points out that, in experimental models such as in isolated-perfused liver preparations, the portal vein administration of D3 should represent adequately the total hepatic handling of the secosteroid by the normal rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gascon-Barré
- Centre de Recherche Clinique André-Viallet, Hôpital Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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25
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Sirois J, Betteridge KJ, Brault A. Transcervical embryo transfer in horses: an application in an equestrian teaching center. Can Vet J 1987; 28:750-3. [PMID: 17422935 PMCID: PMC1680571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Embryo transfer was used in an equestrian teaching center in order to produce as many foals as possible from their preferred mares during a single breeding season. Embryo collection by uterine lavage was attempted in five donor mares on 25 occasions 6.5 days after ovulation. Sixteen of the collection attempts (64%) yielded a total of 17 blastocysts. Of these 17 embryos, 13 were immediately transferred transcervically into recipient mares that had ovulated within two days of the time of ovulation in the donors, three were frozen for later transfer, and one was lost. Eight of the freshly transferred embryos (61%) developed and were detected on ultrasonography on day 11.5; five of these continued to develop normally and gave rise to healthy foals (38%), but three were lost at 14.5, 22.5 and 24.5 days gestation. Two of the frozen embryos were judged viable when thawed the following year and produced one additional pregnancy after transcervical transfer. Thus the five donor mares have produced five foals and a sixth 90-day pregnancy(1) with only a three-month interruption of their use for competition and teaching.(1)While this paper was in press, the sixth pregnancy also terminated in the production of a healthy foal.
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26
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27
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Anger JP, Anger F, Brault A, Brunet P. [Thermal degradation of dibutyltin fluoride and pulmonary toxicity of combustion products in rats and guinea pigs. 1. Analytical study of dibutyltin fluoride thermolysis between 200 and 600 degrees C]. J Toxicol Clin Exp 1985; 5:15-23. [PMID: 3843758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Truhaut R, Anger JP, Anger F, Brault A, Brunet P, Cano Y, Louvet M, Saccavini JC, Van den Driessche J. [Thermal degradation of tributyltin oxide and pulmonary toxicity of its combustion products in mice and guinea pigs]. Toxicol Eur Res 1981; 3:35-44. [PMID: 7209978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Relative to an industrial application, the authors relate results obtained from a peculiar study on the thermic degradation of bis (tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) at various temperatures and they account for the toxic effects observed after inhaling the combustion products in the mouse and guinea pig. Thermolysis of TBTO between 200 and 600 degrees C gives saturated hydrocarbon and olefin gas, a condensate of tetrabutyltin and dibutyltin oxide and a residue composed of stannous or stannic oxides according to the temperature. Pulmonary toxicity is very important at low temperatures but after heating, toxic effects decrease. The results are confirmed by localisation and histopathologic studies. At 600 degrees C no death appears but some behavioral troubles occur. It's possible that repeated exposures can induce delayed toxicity.
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29
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Brault A, Rietsch F, Froelich D. Study of three-dimensional polystyrene networks containing linear chains: 2. Relaxation spectrum of linear chains. POLYMER 1978. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(78)90145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Brumpt LC, Brault A, Pays JL. [Drepanocytosis and mountain sports]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales 1975; 68:94-9. [PMID: 1242126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Moulinier B, de Oliveira C, Lambert R, Ruet D, Lesbros F, Brault A. [Early carcinoma of the oesophagus; report of a case (author's transl)]. Arch Fr Mal App Dig 1973; 62:489-94. [PMID: 4521622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Saubier EC, Girard M, Brault A, Partensky C. [Spleno-azygos anastomosis for stenosis of the inferior vena cave, with cirrhosis. Budd-Chiari syndrome?]. Lyon Chir 1972; 68:411-7. [PMID: 4659825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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33
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Brault A, Martin G, Doré F. [A case of mucoviscidosis with myocardial involvement]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1972; 29:899. [PMID: 4657342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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34
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Brault A, Martin G. [One case of mucolipidosis type II (I. cell disease)]. Arch Fr Pediatr 1972; 29:895-6. [PMID: 4266497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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35
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Saubier EC, Chalencon JL, Partensky C, Brault A. [The problem of the parietal reconstruction after exeresis of giant chondrosarcoma of the chest wall. Silastic prosthesis]. Lyon Chir 1972; 68:256-9. [PMID: 4643493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Saubier EC, Vincent E, Gaillard P, Brault A, Partensky C. [Aneurysm of the hepatic artery proper treated by resection with arterial circulation by spleno-hepatic anastomosis]. J Med Lyon 1971; 52:1729-32 passim. [PMID: 5149546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Saubier EC, Levrat R, Gaillard P, Brault A, Partensky C. [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome treated by exeresis of the pancreatic tumor and total gastrectomy]. Lyon Chir 1971; 67:441-4. [PMID: 5145046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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38
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Saubier EC, Partensky C, Brault A. [A case of encapsulating perihepatitis treated by decortication and renoportal anastomosis]. Lyon Chir 1971; 67:456-7. [PMID: 5145054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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39
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Saubier E, Viard H, Partensky C, Brault A. [Hepatocholedochal cyst with congenital segmental dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease) and portal hypertension]. Lyon Chir 1971; 67:299-301. [PMID: 5123390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Saubier EC, Vincent E, Gaillard P, Brault A, Partensky C. [Aneurysm of the proper hepatic artery treated by resection with reestablishment of arterial circulation by splenohepatic anastomosis]. Lyon Chir 1971; 67:176-80. [PMID: 5567194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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41
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Saubier EC, Gaillard P, Brault A, Chalençon JL. [18 cases of sigmoiditis treated by surgery]. Lyon Chir 1970; 66:349-53. [PMID: 5531692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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42
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Saubier E, Brault A, Beaulieu J. [Indications of surgical reinterventions after Heller's operation for essential megaesophagus (5 cases)]. Lyon Chir 1970; 66:257-61. [PMID: 5450574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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43
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Saubier EC, Brault A, Lesbros F, Chalençon JL, Mathon C, Partensky C. [Morphological abnormalities of the liver and portal hypertension of uncertain etiology. (4 cases)]. Lyon Chir 1970; 66:273-8. [PMID: 5465409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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44
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Rebouillat J, Revelin P, Brault A. [Surgical treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta by multiple osteotomies and diaphyseal rod fixation]. Pediatrie 1969; 24:411-20. [PMID: 5792030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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45
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Michaud P, Termet H, Chassignolle J, Du Gres B, Brault A, Age C, Dalloz C. [Simultaneous surgical treatment of aortic coarctation (Crafoord's operation) and fissured aneurysm of the ascending aorta (prosthetic replacement)]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1968; 61:1793-805. [PMID: 4978860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Michaud P, Termet H, Chassignole J, Du Gres B, Brault A, Age C, Dalloz C. [Simultaneous surgical treatment of aortic coarctation (Crafoord's operation) and fissurized aneurysm of the ascending aorta (prosthetic replacement)]. Lyon Chir 1968; 64:290-6. [PMID: 5746486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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Dargent M, Mayer M, Colon J, Brault A. [Reflections on regional chemotherapy associated with surgery in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas]. Bull Cancer 1967; 54:319-28. [PMID: 4967357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Nezelof C, Watchi JM, Ganter P, Brault A. [Familial infantile pigmentary cirrhosis. Apropos of a case]. Presse Med (1893) 1967; 75:451-6. [PMID: 6018465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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