1
|
Sosa CM, Gonzalez AM. Homogeneous colleters in Myrteae (Myrtaceae). Protoplasma 2024; 261:15-29. [PMID: 37418157 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Colleters are secretory structures characteristic of the apices of more than 60 botanical families. In the Myrtaceae, three types of colleters were previously described: petaloid, conical, and euriform. In Argentina, most species of the Myrtaceae family grow in subtropical regions and a few in the temperate-cold zones of Patagonia. We evaluated the vegetative buds of five species of the subfamily Myrtoideae, tribe Myrtea: Amomyrtus luma, Luma apiculata, and Myrceugenia exsucca, native to the temperate rainforests of Patagonia and Myrcianthes pungens and Eugenia moraviana from the riparian forest of northwestern Corrientes, in order to analyze the presence and morphological types and main secretion products of colleters. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was used to identify the presence of colleters in vegetative organs. Histochemical tests were performed to identify the main secretion products in these structures. The colleters are on the inner side of the leaf primordia and cataphylls and on the edge of the petiole, where they replace the stipules. They are classified as homogeneous because they consist of epidermis and internal parenchyma, both formed by cells with similar characteristics. They lack vascularization and originate from the protodermis. The colleters are of the conical type in L. apiculata, M. pungens, and E. moraviana and of the euriform type in A. luma and M. exsucca, the latter being identified by its dorsiventrally flattened shape. Histochemical tests showed the presence of lipids, mucilage, phenolic compounds, and proteins. This is the first time that colleters have been described in the analyzed species; the taxonomical and phylogenetic importance of this structures is discussed in relation to the Myrtaceae family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C M Sosa
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - A M Gonzalez
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (CONICET-UNNE), Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, Argentina.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, Corrientes, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Webster ALH, Sanders MA, Patel K, Dietrich R, Noonan RJ, Lach FP, White RR, Goldfarb A, Hadi K, Edwards MM, Donovan FX, Hoogenboezem RM, Jung M, Sridhar S, Wiley TF, Fedrigo O, Tian H, Rosiene J, Heineman T, Kennedy JA, Bean L, Rosti RO, Tryon R, Gonzalez AM, Rosenberg A, Luo JD, Carroll TS, Shroff S, Beaumont M, Velleuer E, Rastatter JC, Wells SI, Surrallés J, Bagby G, MacMillan ML, Wagner JE, Cancio M, Boulad F, Scognamiglio T, Vaughan R, Beaumont KG, Koren A, Imielinski M, Chandrasekharappa SC, Auerbach AD, Singh B, Kutler DI, Campbell PJ, Smogorzewska A. Genomic signature of Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway deficiency in cancer. Nature 2022; 612:495-502. [PMID: 36450981 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05253-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anaemia (FA), a model syndrome of genome instability, is caused by a deficiency in DNA interstrand crosslink repair resulting in chromosome breakage1-3. The FA repair pathway protects against endogenous and exogenous carcinogenic aldehydes4-7. Individuals with FA are hundreds to thousands fold more likely to develop head and neck (HNSCC), oesophageal and anogenital squamous cell carcinomas8 (SCCs). Molecular studies of SCCs from individuals with FA (FA SCCs) are limited, and it is unclear how FA SCCs relate to sporadic HNSCCs primarily driven by tobacco and alcohol exposure or infection with human papillomavirus9 (HPV). Here, by sequencing genomes and exomes of FA SCCs, we demonstrate that the primary genomic signature of FA repair deficiency is the presence of high numbers of structural variants. Structural variants are enriched for small deletions, unbalanced translocations and fold-back inversions, and are often connected, thereby forming complex rearrangements. They arise in the context of TP53 loss, but not in the context of HPV infection, and lead to somatic copy-number alterations of HNSCC driver genes. We further show that FA pathway deficiency may lead to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and enhanced keratinocyte-intrinsic inflammatory signalling, which would contribute to the aggressive nature of FA SCCs. We propose that the genomic instability in sporadic HPV-negative HNSCC may arise as a result of the FA repair pathway being overwhelmed by DNA interstrand crosslink damage caused by alcohol and tobacco-derived aldehydes, making FA SCC a powerful model to study tumorigenesis resulting from DNA-crosslinking damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L H Webster
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathijs A Sanders
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.,Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Krupa Patel
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralf Dietrich
- Deutsche Fanconi-Anämie-Hilfe e.V, Unna-Siddinghausen, Germany
| | - Raymond J Noonan
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Francis P Lach
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan R White
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Audrey Goldfarb
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Hadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew M Edwards
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank X Donovan
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Remco M Hoogenboezem
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moonjung Jung
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunandini Sridhar
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tom F Wiley
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olivier Fedrigo
- Vertebrate Genomes Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huasong Tian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel Rosiene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Heineman
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kennedy
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenzo Bean
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rasim O Rosti
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca Tryon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Allana Rosenberg
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji-Dung Luo
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas S Carroll
- Bioinformatics Resource Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjana Shroff
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences. Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences. Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eunike Velleuer
- Institute for Pathology, Department for Cytopathology, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Pediatric Cancer Center, Helios Hospital Krefeld, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jeff C Rastatter
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Susanne I Wells
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jordi Surrallés
- Genomic Instability and DNA Repair Syndromes Group and Joint Research Unit on Genomic Medicine UAB-Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute (IIB Sant Pau), Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Grover Bagby
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Medical Genetics, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - John E Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Cancio
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Farid Boulad
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Roger Vaughan
- Department of Biostatistics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristin G Beaumont
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences. Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amnon Koren
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Marcin Imielinski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine and New York Genome Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Settara C Chandrasekharappa
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arleen D Auerbach
- Human Genetics and Hematology Program, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bhuvanesh Singh
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David I Kutler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Campbell
- Cancer, Ageing and Somatic Mutation (CASM), Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Agata Smogorzewska
- Laboratory of Genome Maintenance, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Webster AL, Sanders MA, Patel K, Dietrich R, Noonan RJ, Lach FP, White RR, Goldfarb AM, Hadi K, Edwards MM, Donovan FX, Jung M, Sridhar S, Fedrigo O, Tian H, Rosiene J, Heineman T, Kennedy J, Bean L, Rosti RO, Tryon R, Gonzalez AM, Rosenberg A, Luo JD, Carrol T, Velleuer E, Rastatter JC, Wells SI, Surrallés J, Bagby G, MacMillan ML, Wagner JE, Cancio M, Boulad F, Scognamiglio T, Vaughan R, Koren A, Imielinski M, Chandrasekharappa S, Auerbach AD, Singh B, Kutler D, Campbell PJ, Smogorzewska A. Abstract 6196: Fanconi anemia pathway deficiency drives copy number variation in squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-6196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA), a model syndrome of genome instability, is caused by a deficiency in DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair resulting in chromosome breakage. The FA repair pathway comprises at least 22 FANC proteins including BRCA1 and BRCA2 and protects against carcinogenic endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. Individuals with FA are hundreds to thousands-fold more likely to develop head and neck (HNSCC), esophageal and anogenital squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) with a median onset age of 31 years. The aggressive nature of these tumors and poor patient tolerance of platinum and radiation-based therapy have been associated with short survival in FA. Molecular studies of SCCs from individuals with FA (FA SCCs) have been limited, and it is unclear how they relate to sporadic HNSCCs primarily driven by tobacco and alcohol exposure or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Here, by sequencing FA SCCs, we demonstrate that the primary genomic signature of FA-deficiency is the presence of a high number of structural variants (SVs). SVs are enriched for small deletions, unbalanced translocations, and fold-back inversions that arise in the context of TP53 loss. The SV breakpoints preferentially localize to early replicating regions, common fragile sites, tandem repeats, and SINE elements. SVs are often connected forming complex rearrangements. Resultant genomic instability underlies elevated copy number alteration (CNA) rates of key HNSCC-associated genes, including PIK3CA, MYC, CSMD1, PTPRD, YAP1, MXD4, and EGFR. In contrast to sporadic HNSCC, we find no evidence of HPV infection in FA HNSCC, although positive cases were identified in gynecologic tumors. A murine allograft model of FA pathway-deficient SCC was enriched in SVs, exhibited dramatic tumor growth advantage, more rapid epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and enhanced autonomous inflammatory signaling when compared to an FA pathway-proficient model. In light of the protective role of the FA pathway against SV formation uncovered here, and recent findings of FA pathway insufficiency in the setting of increased formaldehyde load resulting in hematopoietic stem cell failure and carcinogenesis, we propose that high copy-number instability in sporadic HNSCC may result from functional overload of the FA pathway by endogenous and exogenous DNA crosslinking agents. Our work lays the foundation for improved FA patient treatment and demonstrates that FA SCC is a powerful model to study tumorigenesis resulting from DNA crosslinking damage.
Citation Format: Andrew L. Webster, Mathijs A. Sanders, Krupa Patel, Ralf Dietrich, Raymond J. Noonan, Francis P. Lach, Ryan R. White, Audrey M. Goldfarb, Kevin Hadi, Matthew M. Edwards, Frank X. Donovan, Moonjung Jung, Sunandini Sridhar, Olivier Fedrigo, Huasong Tian, Joel Rosiene, Thomas Heineman, Jennifer Kennedy, Lorenzo Bean, Rasim O. Rosti, Rebecca Tryon, Ashlyn-Maree Gonzalez, Allana Rosenberg, Ji-Dung Luo, Thomas Carrol, Eunike Velleuer, Jeff C. Rastatter, Susanne I. Wells, Jordi Surrallés, Grover Bagby, Margaret L. MacMillan, John E. Wagner, Maria Cancio, Farid Boulad, Theresa Scognamiglio, Roger Vaughan, Amnon Koren, Marcin Imielinski, Settara Chandrasekharappa, Arleen D. Auerbach, Bhuvanesh Singh, David Kutler, Peter J. Campbell, Agata Smogorzewska. Fanconi anemia pathway deficiency drives copy number variation in squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6196.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Grover Bagby
- 12Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | | | - Maria Cancio
- 6Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Farid Boulad
- 6Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gonzalez AM, Carugno JA, Artazcoz S, Elorriaga F, Quiñonez A, Palin H, Timmons D. 1565 Laparoscopic Management of Endometriosis Presenting with Massive Recurrent Hemoperitoneum. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
5
|
Gonzalez AM, Artazcoz S, Quiñonez A, Jurio G, Ulker A, Carugno JA. 1766 Changing Patients' Lives with Neuropelveology. Laparoscopic Neuromuscular Pelvic Decompression of Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis (DIE) Causing Motor Dysfunction of the Lower Extremity. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2019.09.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
6
|
Massarollo PCB, Coppini AZ, Salzedas-Netto AA, Coelho FF, Minami T, Gonzalez AM. Favorable Long-term Outcome in Patients Submitted to Liver Transplantation After Downstaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma According to a Brazilian Selection Protocol. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:2338-2340. [PMID: 27742292 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In October 2008, the Brazilian Ministry of Health authorized listing of downstaged hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for liver transplantation, according to a standardized protocol. The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of patients submitted to liver transplantation after downstaging of HCC with the results other standard indications in Brazil. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2,667 adult 1st elective deceased-donor liver transplantations registered at the database of the Transplant Notification Center of the São Paulo State Health Secretariat. These cases are classified into 3 groups: "cirrhosis," including 1,709 patients transplanted because of end-stage liver disease; "Milan-HCC," including 873 HCC patients initially meeting the Milan criteria; and "downstaging" group, including 85 HCC patients submitted to tumor downstaging to the Milan criteria before liver transplantation. RESULTS One-, 3-, 5-, and 6-year patients survivals were, respectively, 82.7%, 72.0%, 66.1%, and 66.1%, in the "downstaging" group and 76.7%, 68.4%, 63.9%, and 63.5% in the "Milan-HCC" group (P = .483). At the same time intervals, patient survivals were 67.8%, 62.9%, 60.9%, and 60.2% in the "cirrhosis" group. These probabilities were significantly lower than those of both "downstaging" (P = .047) and "Milan-HCC" (P = .001) groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients submitted to liver transplantation after downstaging of HCC, according to a Brazilian selection protocol, present long-term outcomes similar to HCC patients initially within the Milan criteria and better survival than recipients with end-stage liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P C B Massarollo
- Transplant Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A Z Coppini
- Transplant Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A A Salzedas-Netto
- Transplant Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F F Coelho
- Transplant Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T Minami
- Transplant Service, Department of Surgery, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Townsend JR, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Jajtner AR, Wells AJ, Boone CH, Beyer KS, Mangine GT, Robinson EH, Pruna GJ, Bohner JD, Fragala MS, Fukuda DH. Acute anabolic response to β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB)-free acid supplementation following heavy resistance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2014. [PMCID: PMC4271586 DOI: 10.1186/1550-2783-11-s1-p16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JR Townsend
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - JR Stout
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - JR Hoffman
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - AM Gonzalez
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - AR Jajtner
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - AJ Wells
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - CH Boone
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - KS Beyer
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - GT Mangine
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - EH Robinson
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - GJ Pruna
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - JD Bohner
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - MS Fragala
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - DH Fukuda
- University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Benini BB, Salzedas-Netto AA, de Azevedo RA, Martins JL, Linhares MM, Vicentine FPP, Gonzalez AM. Clinical evaluation of hepatic transection on pediatric liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2014; 46:1778-80. [PMID: 25131035 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Liver transplantation is an effective technique in the treatment of end-stage liver disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of hepatic transection, an advanced surgical technique able to tailor size to generate two grafts to from a single donor. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study between January 2000 and September 2013, reviewing 91 pediatric patients who underwent 96 liver transplants from deceased donors. Patients were distributed into two groups: whole organ (WO, n = 39) and transected liver grafts (TLG, n = 57). The following were evaluated: etiology, anthrophometric parameters (age, weight, height, z score weight/age, and height/age), model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) or pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD), previous surgeries, transfusion of blood components, 1-year survival rate, preoperative laboratory testing, from the second and seventh postoperative days, lactate during surgery, postoperative complications, duration of surgery, duration of cold and warm ischemia, types of biliary reconstruction, and laboratory testing of the donor. RESULTS The anthropometric values showed significant differences (P < .05) between the groups. The average age was 124.7 months in the WO group and 33.6 months in the TLG group (P < .0001), while the weight was 28.0 kg and 7.4 kg, respectively (P < .0001). The analysis of z score weight/age showed that the TLG had greater acute and chronic malnutrition, probably due to the etiology of liver disease, present from birth in patients as young. Red blood transfusion was higher in the TLG group (P < .0006) due to the cut surface of the graft, emphasizing the use and improvement of hemostatic techniques. CONCLUSION Despite differences between the groups, clinical and surgical complications were similar, showing that liver transection injury didn't change the results of transplantation. There was no impact on liver function, graft, or 1-year patient survival after liver transection. Second postoperative lactate is a predictive factor of death. Transection liver transplantation is an effective method as an alternative to pediatric liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B B Benini
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - A A Salzedas-Netto
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R A de Azevedo
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Martins
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Linhares
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F P P Vicentine
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - A M Gonzalez
- Hospital São Paulo, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - UNIFESP, Surgery Department - Course of Gastroenterological Surgery, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Azevedo MSP, Zhang W, Wen K, Gonzalez AM, Saif LJ, Yousef AE, Yuan L. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri modulate cytokine responses in gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotavirus. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:33-42. [PMID: 22348907 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been shown to alleviate inflammation, enhance the immunogenicity of rotavirus vaccines, or reduce the severity of rotavirus diarrhoea. Although the mechanisms are not clear, the differential Th1/Th2/Th3-driving capacities and modulating effects on cytokine production of different LAB strains may be the key. Our goal was to delineate the influence of combining two probiotic strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri on the development of cytokine responses in neonatal gnotobiotic pigs infected with human rotavirus (HRV). We demonstrated that HRV alone, or HRV plus LAB, but not LAB alone, initiated serum cytokine responses, as indicated by significantly higher concentrations of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-10 at postinoculation day (PID) 2 in the HRV only and LAB+HRV+ pigs compared to LAB only and LAB-HRV- pigs. Peak cytokine responses coincided with the peak of HRV replication. LAB further enhanced the Th1 and Th2 cytokine responses to HRV infection as indicated by significantly higher concentrations of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in the LAB+HRV+ pigs compared to the LAB-HRV+ pigs. The LAB+HRV+ pigs maintained relatively constant concentrations of TGF-β compared to the HRV only group which had a significant increase at PID 2 and decrease at PID 7, suggesting a regulatory role of LAB in maintaining gut homeostasis. At PID 28, cytokine secreting cell (CSC) responses, measured by ELISpot, showed increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) CSC numbers in the LAB+HRV+ and LAB-HRV+ groups compared to LAB only and LAB-HRV- pigs, with significantly increased IL-12 CSCs in spleen and PBMCs and IFN-γ CSCs in spleen of the LAB+HRV+ group. Thus, HRV infection alone, but not LAB alone was effective in inducing cytokine responses but LAB significantly enhanced both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in HRV-infected pigs. LAB may also help to maintain immunological homeostasis during HRV infection by regulating TGF-β production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S P Azevedo
- US Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Division of Microbiology, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rangel EB, Melaragno CS, Gonzalez AM, Linhares MM, de Sá JR, Salzedas A, Medina-Pestana JO. Delayed kidney allograft function after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2011; 42:3655-9. [PMID: 21094834 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 06/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPKT) is one of the treatments for insulin-dependent chronic renal failure patients. METHODS One-year patient and kidney allograft survival rates of 150 patients undergoing SPKT were subjected to Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Uni- and multivariate methods identified risk factors involved in allograft and patient survival. RESULTS One-year patient and kidney allograft survival rates were 82% and 80%, respectively. Delayed graft function (DGF) (P = .001; hazard ratio [HR]5.41) and acute kidney rejection episodes (P = .016; HR 3.36) were related to 1 year patient survival as well as intra-abdominal infection (IAI) rates. (IAI). One-year kidney allograft survival was related to DGF (P = .013; odds ratio [OR] 3.39), acute rejection (P = .001; OR 4.74), and IAI (P = .003, OR 6.29). DGF was related to a time on dialysis >27 months (P = .046; OR 2.59), cold kidney ischemia time >14 hours (P = .027; OR 2.94), donor age >25 years (P = .03; OR 2.82), and donor serum sodium concentration >155 mEq/L (P < .0001; OR 1.09). Female kidney to male recipient in 17% of the cases did not increase the risk of DGF. We observed an important correlation between donor serum sodium and creatinine (P < .0001), which suggested undertreatment of diabetes insipidus secondary to brain death. CONCLUSIONS DGF, acute rejection, and IAI were the main determinants of survival after SPKT. Improving the care of deceased donors may reduce DGF occurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Rangel
- Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rangel EB, Melaragno CS, Sá JR, Gonzalez AM, Linhares MM, Salzedas A, Medina-Pestana JO. Mycophenolate mofetil versus enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation. Transplant Proc 2010; 41:4265-9. [PMID: 20005381 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2009.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2009] [Revised: 08/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse gastrointestinal events are frequent after mycophenolate use. The objectives of the present study were to report the incidence of acute noninfectious diarrhea, to determine the risk factors, and to compare the severity of reactions between mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) after simultaneous pancreas kidney transplantation (SPKT). METHODS We included 165 SPKT patients from December 2000 to May 2007. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed, using acute noninfectious diarrhea as the dependent variable. P < .05 was considered significant. RESULTS Mean age and duration of dialysis and of diabetes were 34.9 +/- 8.2 years, 27.3 +/- 18.3 months, and 21.9 +/- 16.2 years, respectively. Sixty-three percent used MMF, 36.4% used EC-MPS, and 0.6% used azathioprine. Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of diabetes (P = .049, confidence interval [CI] 1.0- 1.13) and MMF use (P = .013, 95% CI 0.2-0.82) were the main determinants of acute diarrhea after SPKT. MMF dose reduction (79.2% vs 62.3%, P = .024) and severity of diarrhea associated with orthostatic hypotension were more pronounced among MMF than EC-MPS patients (42.4% vs 15.1%, P = .001). There was no difference between MMF and EC-MPS after dose reduction in relation to the occurrence of acute kidney rejection (30.8% vs 26.7%, P = .53). CONCLUSIONS Acute noninfectious diarrhea after SPKT was related to the duration of diabetes and to prescription of MMF. Preferential use of EC-MPS was associated with a lower necessity of dose reduction and less severe episodes of acute diarrhea compared with MMF, although dose reduction was equally associated with acute episodes of kidney rejection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740 VilaClementino, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sa JR, Alvarenga MA, Rangel EB, Melaragno CS, Gonzalez AM, Linhares MM, Salzedas A, Carmona AK, Tonetto-Fernandes V, Gabbay MA, Medina Pestana JO, Dib SA. Extreme subcutaneous, intramuscular and inhaled insulin resistance treated by pancreas transplantation alone. Am J Transplant 2010; 10:184-8. [PMID: 19958338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02881.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus with resistance to insulin administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly (DRIASM) is a rare syndrome and is usually treated with continuous intravenous insulin infusion. We present here two cases of DRIASM in 16 and 18 years female patients that were submitted to pancreas transplantation alone (PTA). Both were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes as young children and had labile glycemic control with recurrent episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis. They had prolonged periods of hospitalization and complications related to their central venous access. Exocrine and endocrine drainages were in the bladder and systemic, respectively. Both presented immediate graft function. In patient 1, enteric conversion was necessary due to reflux pancreatitis. Patient 2 developed mild postoperative hyperglycemia in spite of having normal pancreas allograft biopsy and that was attributed to her immunosuppressive regimen. Patient 1 died 9 months after PTA from septic shock related to pneumonia. In 8 months of follow-up, Patient 2 presented optimal glycemic control without the use of antidiabetic agents. In conclusion, PTA may be an alternative treatment for DRIASM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Sa
- Endocrinology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, and Hospital Infantil Darcy Vargas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
D'Albuquerque LAC, Gonzalez AM, Filho HLVN, Copstein JLM, Larrea FIS, Mansero JMP, Perón G, Ribeiro MAF, Oliveira e Silva A. Liver transplantation from deceased donors serologically positive for Chagas disease. Am J Transplant 2007; 7:680-4. [PMID: 17217440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.01663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The high mortality rates among patients waiting for liver transplantation has motivated the use of "marginal livers", among which are included livers from deceased donors serologically positive for Chagas disease (CD). The present work describes the outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation in six patients with severe liver disease (Child Pugh C), with livers from donors serologically positive for CD. Transplantations were performed from November 2000 to January 2005, and the patients received prophylactic treatment with benznidazole for 60 days, as a recommended by the Brazilian Consensus in Chagas Disease. The transplantation procedures presented no technical problems, and all the patients were discharged from hospital. Five of them did not present side effects demanding interruption of the prophylactic treatment. Four of the patients were clinically well over 1 year after transplantation (mean follow-up of 42.1 months), with negative serological results for CD. Two patients died, one of them 6 months post surgery of sepsis due to biliary complication and other one due to pulmonary (tuberculosis) complications. They were both serologically negative for CD. These results suggest that liver transplantation from CD donors, followed by benznidazole prophylactic treatment, is an important therapeutic alternative for severe liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A C D'Albuquerque
- Departments of General and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Primary hepatic carcinosarcoma is a rare malignant hepatic tumor containing both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. A 40-year-old man referred to our liver transplant team because of hepatic cirrhosis was on the waiting list, having undergone all liver tests, ultrasonography, and with normal serum alpha fetoprotein markers every 6 months to search for a tumor. He underwent a liver transplantation without complication. The pathologic findings of the original liver indicated carcinosarcoma. We have reviewed the literature on this subject.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Garcez-Silva
- Liver Transplantation Surgeons, Department of Surgery, Surgical Gastroenterology-Transplantation Ward, São Paulo Federal University, Paulista School of Medicine, Rua dos Otonis 899, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Linhares MM, Gonzalez AM, Goldman SM, Coelho RDS, Sato NY, Moura RMAM, Silva MHG, Lanzoni VP, Salzedas A, Serra CB, Succi T, D'Ippolito G, Szejnfeld J, Triviño T. Magnetic resonance cholangiography in the diagnosis of biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2005; 36:947-8. [PMID: 15194328 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the diagnosis of biliary tract complications (BC) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Among 21 OLT patients who underwent routine follow-up MRC using a breath-hold T2-weighted turbo spin-echo sequence with half-Fourier acquisition (HASTE), 5 had an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level. Diagnostic confirmation was obtained with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) (n = 11), surgery (n = 3), or clinical and laboratory follow-up of at least 1 year (n = 8). RESULTS In 13 patients, no abnormality of the biliary tract was detected using MRC. In 8 patients, anastomotic strictures were diagnosed, 7 of which were confirmed at surgery or using ERC. One patient with normal findings at MRC and abnormal liver function test results was found to have a stricture at ERC. All patients with normal MRC and liver function tests had 1 year of uneventful follow-up and were considered true-negative cases. We found that MRC had 87.5% sensitivity, 92.3% specificity, 87.5% positive predictive value, 92.3% negative predictive value, and 90.4% accuracy for the diagnosis of BC. CONCLUSION MRC is a valuable examination to detect BC after OLT. It provides useful information for planning interventional procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Linhares
- São Paulo Federal University Medical School, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rangel EB, Melaragno CS, de Sá JR, Gonzalez AM, Linhares MM, Aguiar W, Pestana JOM. Risk factors for the development of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus in simultaneous pancreas and kidney recipients. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:982-3. [PMID: 15194341 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.03.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We sought to determine the risk factors involved in the development of posttransplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Correlations were sought between tacrolimus (FK-506) levels/dose 2-hour capillary glucose (CG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), cyclosporine (CSA) levels/dose with HbA1c, 2-hour CG with prednisone dose and body mass index (BMI) and PTDM. Four patients (9.3%) developed PTDM. Three treated with FK-506 had altered 2-hour CG at 3 months after transplantation; 1 prescribed CSA displayed diabetes diagnosed after 1 year. There was no statistically significant difference among HbA(1c) values and FK-506 (P =.18) or CSA (P =.81) doses or FK-506 (P =.53) and CSA (P =.54) levels. In contrast, there was a statistically significant relationship between elevated 2-hour CG (> or =200 mg/dL) and daily prednisone dose (9.7 mg vs. 16.2 mg; P =.003). There was no correlation between 2-hour CG and FK-506 dose (P =.084) or FK-506 levels (P =.075). The greater BMI correlated with an increased risk of PTDM (21.25 +/- 3.13 kg/m(2) vs 24.67 +/- 2.38 kg/m(2); P =.034). Two-hour CG may be a useful tool to screen the diabetogenic effects of corticosteroids. A BMI increase should be discouraged due to the risk of PTDM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E B Rangel
- Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Linhares MM, Gonzalez AM, Triviño T, Barbosa MMLS, Schraibman V, Melaragno C, Moura RMAM, Silva MHG, Sá JR, Aguiar WF, Rangel EB, Serra CB, Succi T, Pestana JOM. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation: infectious complications and microbiological aspects. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:980-1. [PMID: 15194340 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the infectious complications among simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantations (SPKT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Among the first 45 SPKT the mean age was 34 years (range, 21 to 49) and the mean duration of follow-up 13 months (range, 2 to 27 months). RESULTS Twenty-three patients (51%) presented at least one to three episodes (1.7 mean) of infectious complications that needed hospitalization. The etiology of the infections included 71% bacterial (44% gram-negative rods and 27% gram-positive cocci), 16% viral (12% from CMV and 4% from Herpes sp) and 13% fungal (8% by Candida sp and 4% by others fungus). Wound and urinary infections were most frequent, occurring in 22% and 28% of the patients, respectively. All patients who were submitted to vesical drainage developed infections in contrast a rate of only 44% among patients undergoing enteric drainage. CONCLUSION Infectious complications are the main cause of morbidity and mortality following simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, especially with vesical drainage. The use of enteric drainage combined with administration of broad spectrum prophylactic antibiotics is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Linhares
- São Paulo Federal University Medical School-UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Flow cytometry was used to characterize bacterioplankton from two tropical environments in Brazil: the eutrophic Guanabara Bay and the oligotrophic southwest Atlantic Ocean. Bacterial abundance was evaluated by flow cytometry, and cells were stained with SYTO 13, allowing demonstration of differences in nucleic acid content. Bacterial production was also evaluated by means of 3H-leucine incorporation. Bacterial numbers were different for both sites. In Atlantic Ocean samples, we found a maximum of 5.50 x 10(5) cells ml(-1), and low nucleic acid content organisms predominated. In Guanabara Bay, bacterial numbers were one order of magnitude higher than in the ocean, and they varied from outer bay (1.01 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) to inner bay (6.90 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)). Bacterial activity in ocean samples varied from 4.6 to 126 ng C l(-1) h(-1), while in the bay, mean values ranged from 1.95 microg C l(-1) h(-1) (outer bay) to 7.35 microg C l(-1) h(-1) (inner bay). Values found for both parameters are characteristic of different trophic situations. These results illustrate the utility of cytometric analyses of bacterioplankton populations in characterizing their large spatial and temporal scales of distribution in aquatic ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Andrade
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brazil, Prédio do CCS, bloco A, sala A1-071-Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21944-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
DeHahn KC, Gonzales M, Gonzalez AM, Hopkinson SB, Chandel NS, Brunelle JK, Jones JCR. The α4 laminin subunit regulates endothelial cell survival. Exp Cell Res 2004; 294:281-9. [PMID: 14980521 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2003] [Revised: 10/17/2003] [Accepted: 11/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The alpha4 laminin subunit is a major structural component of assembling basement membranes of endothelial cells. We have been investigating its functions with regard to endothelial cell survival. An anti-laminin alpha4 antibody (2A3), directed against the G domain of the alpha4 laminin subunit of laminins-8 and -9, inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis of endothelial cells when cells are maintained in vitro. Activation of caspases-9 and -3 plays a role in 2A3 antibody-induced apoptosis, since inhibitors specific for these caspases and overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-X(L), but not c-FLIP, inhibit 2A3 antibody-triggered endothelial cell death. Extracellular matrix is known to play a role in regulating programmed cell death in an integrin-dependent fashion. The alpha4 laminin subunit conforms to this idea since activation of beta1 integrin subunits on endothelial cells blocks the ability of 2A3 antibody to induce endothelial cell death. In summary, our data indicate that complexes composed of alpha4 laminin/beta1 subunit-containing integrins at the cell surface support endothelial cell survival. Furthermore, we propose that antagonists of alpha4 laminin function, including antibody 2A3, have value as angiogenesis inhibitors in a clinical setting where blocking aberrant growth of blood vessel by triggering apoptosis of endothelial cells may be therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K C DeHahn
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rabanal JM, Ibañez AM, Mons R, Gonzalez AM, Carbajo M, Ortega J, Zurbano F. Influence of preservation solution on early lung function (Euro-Collins vs Perfadex). Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1938-9. [PMID: 12962855 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This clinical study was performed to evaluate the efficiency of 2 different preservation solutions (Euro-Collins [EC] vs Perfadex [P]) on organ function in human lung transplantation. METHODS The donor lungs for 46 patients were flushed either with EC solution (25 cases, EC group) or Perfadex (21 cases, P group). Transplant function was assayed using PaO2/FiO2 ratio after transplantation upon intensive care unit (ICU) arrival and at 12 and 24 hours later (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). We also compared the duration of mechanical ventilatory support and ICU stay. RESULTS The PO2/FiO2 ratio was significantly better in the P than EC group at T1, T2, and T3. The duration of mechanical ventilatory support and ICU stay were lower also in P group, whereas age, sex, aetiology of lung disease, donor, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and ischemia time did not show differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data on graft function tend to confirm better graft preservation using the P preservation solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Rabanal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Linhares MM, Gonzalez AM, Triviño T, Melaragno C, Moura RM, Garcez MH, Sá JR, Aguiar WF, Succi T, Barbosa CS, Pestana JO. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation initial experience. Transplant Proc 2003; 35:1109. [PMID: 12947878 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(03)00328-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Linhares
- São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goldstein HS, Rabaza JR, Gonzalez AM, Verdeja JC. Evaluation of pain and disability in plug repair with the aid of a personal digital assistant. Hernia 2003; 7:25-8. [PMID: 12612794 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-002-0090-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2002] [Accepted: 08/26/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the method of real-time data collection using a hand-held personal digital assistant (PDA) in the operating suite, hospital, and office. The technique for the placement of a round Atrium ProLite self-forming, layered polypropylene plug in 155 hernia repairs is described. The study measured postoperative pain by the number of pills used (6.6) and categorizes patient return to work according to sedentary, manual, and standing with an average return to work time of 15.6 days for unilateral repair and 20.4 days for bilateral repair. Return to normal daily activity was within 22.3 days for unilateral- and 28.5 days for bilateral repair.
Collapse
|
23
|
Johanson CE, Gonzalez AM, Stopa EG. Water-imbalance-induced expression of FGF-2 in fluid-regulatory centers: choroid plexus and neurohypophysis. Eur J Pediatr Surg 2001; 11 Suppl 1:S37-8. [PMID: 11848043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C E Johanson
- Department of Neurosurgery, RI Hospital and Brown University Medical School, Providence, RI 02902, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Hemidesmosomes are multimeric protein complexes that attach epithelial cells to their underlying matrix and serve as cell surface anchorage sites for the keratin cytoskeleton. Two hemidesmosome components, the alpha6beta4 integrin heterodimer and a human autoantigen termed BP180, are transmembrane proteins that link the extracellular matrix to the keratin network in cells. Here, we report that actinin-4, an actin-bundling protein, is a potential binding partner for BP180. Using yeast two-hybrid, we have mapped the binding site for BP180 to the C-terminal region of actinin-4. This site contains two EF-hand, Ca2+ regulation domains and shares 87% sequence homology with the same region in actinin-1. Consistent with this, BP180 can bind actinin-1 in both the yeast two-hybrid assay and in immunoprecipitation assays. To determine whether the EF-hand domain is a consensus binding sequence for BP180, we tested whether other proteins with this domain bind BP180. None of the proteins tested including calmodulin, with 4 EF-hand domains, and myosin regulatory light chain, with 1 EF-hand domain, interacts with BP180 in yeast two-hybrid system and immunoprecipitation studies, suggesting that the interaction between BP180 and actinin family members is specific. We have compared the distribution of actinin-1 and actinin-4 with that of BP180 in MCF-10A and pp126 cells. Surprisingly, BP180 localizes not only to sites of cell-substratum interaction, but is also present at sites of cell-cell contacts where it co-distributes with both actinin-1 and actinin-4 as well as other adherens junction proteins. In oral tissues, BP180 is present along the basement membrane and at cell-cell contact sites in basal epithelial cells where it co-distributes with adherens junction proteins. Since BP180 antibodies inhibit association of junction proteins at sites of cell-cell contact in oral keratinocytes, these results suggest that BP180 may play a role in establishing cell-cell interactions. We discuss a role for BP180 in crosstalk between cell-matrix and cell-cell junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in obese patients, including those undergoing gastric reduction surgery, may be increased. METHODS We examined the histologic findings at the time of surgery in a series of patients who were undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) for morbid obesity and compared these results with patients in our institution undergoing endoscopy. RESULTS Of 60 patients undergoing RYGBP, material for histologic examination was available in 56 cases, and in 40 cases gastric fundic mucosa from the anastomotic site was sampled at the time of surgery. Active chronic gastritis was present in 6 (15%), and chronic gastritis was present in 27 (68%). H. pylori was present in all 6 cases of active chronic gastritis and in 9 cases of chronic gastritis (total 38%). This incidence of H. pylori infection was higher than that found in the series of gastric biopsies (107/500, 21%, p = 0.03) and fundic biopsies (10/80, 13%, p = 0.003), but was not different when compared with age-matched gastric biopsies (44/177, 25%, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of H. pylori in patients undergoing RYGBP was higher than that found in all patients undergoing endoscopy and biopsy and than those undergoing fundic biopsies, but not higher when age-matched controls were considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Renshaw
- Department of Pathology, Baptist Hospital of Miami, Miami, FL 33176, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Doukas J, Chandler LA, Gonzalez AM, Gu D, Hoganson DK, Ma C, Nguyen T, Printz MA, Nesbit M, Herlyn M, Crombleholme TM, Aukerman SL, Sosnowski BA, Pierce GF. Matrix immobilization enhances the tissue repair activity of growth factor gene therapy vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2001; 12:783-98. [PMID: 11339895 DOI: 10.1089/104303401750148720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although growth factor proteins display potent tissue repair activities, difficulty in sustaining localized therapeutic concentrations limits their therapeutic activity. We reasoned that enhanced histogenesis might be achieved by combining growth factor genes with biocompatible matrices capable of immobilizing vectors at delivery sites. When delivered to subcutaneously implanted sponges, a platelet-derived growth factor B-encoding adenovirus (AdPDGF-B) formulated in a collagen matrix enhanced granulation tissue deposition 3- to 4-fold (p < or = 0.0002), whereas vectors encoding fibroblast growth factor 2 or vascular endothelial growth factor promoted primarily angiogenic responses. By day 8 posttreatment of ischemic excisional wounds, collagen-formulated AdPDGF-B enhanced granulation tissue and epithelial areas up to 13- and 6-fold (p < 0.009), respectively, and wound closure up to 2-fold (p < 0.05). At longer times, complete healing without excessive scar formation was achieved. Collagen matrices were shown to retain both vector and transgene products within delivery sites, enabling the transduction and stimulation of infiltrating repair cells. Quantitative PCR and RT-PCR demonstrated both vector DNA and transgene mRNA within wound beds as late as 28 days posttreatment. By contrast, aqueous formulations allowed vector seepage from application sites, leading to PDGF-induced hyperplasia in surrounding tissues but not wound beds. Finally, repeated applications of PDGF-BB protein were required for neotissue induction approaching equivalence to a single application of collagen-immobilized AdPDGF-B, confirming the utility of this gene transfer approach. Overall, these studies demonstrate that immobilizing matrices enable the controlled delivery and activity of tissue promoting genes for the effective regeneration of injured tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Doukas
- Selective Genetics, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Berry M, Gonzalez AM, Clarke W, Greenlees L, Barrett L, Tsang W, Seymour L, Bonadio J, Logan A, Baird A. Sustained effects of gene-activated matrices after CNS injury. Mol Cell Neurosci 2001; 17:706-16. [PMID: 11312606 DOI: 10.1006/mcne.2001.0975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that when gene-activated matrices (GAM) are placed between the proximal and distal stumps of severed rat optic nerves, DNA is retained within the GAM, promoting sustained transgene expression in the optic nerve, in the GAM itself, and, more importantly, in axotomized retinal ganglion cells (RGC). Plasmids that encode basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) promote sustained survival of RGC for over 3 months after the initial injury. These findings suggest that immobilized DNA implanted into a CNS lesion will be delivered by axon terminal uptake and retrograde transport to axotomized neurons. GAM may therefore be a useful agent for promoting sustained neuron survival and axon regeneration. Whether further optimization of the matrices, plasmids, promoters, and genes present in the GAM will promote even more survival or, alternatively, axon regeneration remains to be determined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Berry
- Centre for Neuroscience, Neural Damage and Repair, GKT (Guy's Campus), Hodgkin Building, London Bridge, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Inelmen EM, Gimenez GF, Gatto MR, Miotto F, Sergi G, Marccari T, Gonzalez AM, Maggi S, Peruzza S, Pisent C, Enzi G. Dietary intake and nutritional status in Italian elderly subjects. J Nutr Health Aging 2001; 4:91-101. [PMID: 10842421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake and nutritional status was assessed in a random sample of 190 Italians (70-75 years of age) participating in the Survey in Europe on Nutrition and the Elderly (EURONUT-SENECA). The daily energy intake as assessed by a Modified Dietary History, was 2208+/-562 Kcalories in men and 1742+/-527 Kcalories in women. The alcohol intake was significantly higher in men than in women (35. 9+/-32.5 g/day vs 14.7+/-15.4 g/day; p<0.0001). As for calcium, there was a high percentage of men (77%) and women (86%) with a lower intake than the recommended values. The subjects underweight (BMI<20) were only 4.1% men and 9.7% women, while the great part was normal (BMI= 20-24.9) and overweight (BMI=25-29.9). The body composition parameters showed a significant difference between two genders. Men had a Total Body Water (56.5+/-4.5% vs 51.3+/-5.4%; p<0. 001) and Fat-Free Mass (80.4+/-5.2% vs 70.9+/-6.8%; p<0.001) higher than women. Few subjects were at high risk of deficiency with regard to plasma levels of vitamins, haemoglobin and albumin. If we analyse the composition of the diet consumed, we can remark the characteristics of a typical Mediterranean diet. We conclude that the general nutritional status of our sample was fairly good.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Inelmen
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Universita' Degli Studi di Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128 Padova (Italy).
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Several growth factor proteins have been evaluated as therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic dermal wounds. Unfortunately, most have failed to produce significant improvements in wound healing, in part due to ineffective delivery and poor retention in the wound defect. It has been proposed that gene therapy might overcome the limitations of protein therapy via ongoing transcription and translation, thus prolonging the availability of the therapeutic protein. Reasoning that it would be of further benefit to ensure retention of the DNA vector as well as the therapeutic protein within the wound defect, we have evaluated matrix-enabled gene transfer for cutaneous wound repair (Gene Activated Matrix). Formulations consisting of bovine type I collagen mixed with adenoviral or plasmid gene vectors have been evaluated in 3 in vivo models. The therapeutic transgenes employed encode human platelet-derived growth factor-A or -B, proteins key to each phase of normal wound repair. Increased granulation tissue formation, vascularization, and reepithelialization have been shown compared to controls treated with collagen alone or collagen containing a reporter gene vector. Further enhancements of the tissue repair response have been achieved by combining matrix-enabled gene transfer with molecular targeting, in which the DNA vector is conjugated to a growth factor ligand (basic fibroblast growth factor). These promising results support the clinical evaluation of gene activated matrices for the treatment of chronic dermal wounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Chandler
- Selective Genetics, Inc., 11035 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Plant regeneration in Arachis pintoi was obtained via two developmental pathways: organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Organogenic callus cultures were initiated from pieces of leaf on MS medium supplemented with NAA or 2,4-D in combination with BA, KIN or 2iP. The most suitable combination for plant regeneration through organogenesis was an initial medium composed of 10 mg/l NAA+1 mg/l BA followed by transfer of the callus to a shoot induction medium (MS+1 mg/l BA). Rooting of regenerated shoots was readily achieved by culture on MS+0.01 mg/l NAA. Embryogenic callus cultures were initiated from pieces of leaf on MS medium supplemented with PICL in combination with KIN, ZEA, BA or 2iP, and the most suitable combinations were 20 mg/l PICL+1 mg/l BA or 2iP. When pieces of embryogenic callus were subcultured on MS+1 mg/l BA, somatic embryos were differentiated and developed further into well-developed plants in MS+1 g/l AC followed by MS medium devoid of plant growth regulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Rey
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE), Casilla Correos 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina Fax: +54-3783-427131 e-mail: , , , , , , AR
| | - A M Scocchi
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE), Casilla Correos 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina Fax: +54-3783-427131 e-mail: , , , , , , AR
| | - A M Gonzalez
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE), Casilla Correos 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina Fax: +54-3783-427131 e-mail: , , , , , , AR
| | - L A Mroginski
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE). Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias (UNNE), Casilla Correos 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina Fax: +54-3783-427131 e-mail: , , , , , , AR
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chandler LA, Doukas J, Gonzalez AM, Hoganson DK, Gu DL, Ma C, Nesbit M, Crombleholme TM, Herlyn M, Sosnowski BA, Pierce GF. FGF2-Targeted adenovirus encoding platelet-derived growth factor-B enhances de novo tissue formation. Mol Ther 2000; 2:153-60. [PMID: 10947943 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy has yet to achieve reproducible clinical efficacy, due to inadequate gene delivery, inadequate gene expression, or dose-limiting toxicity. We have developed a gene therapy technology for tissue repair and regeneration that employs a structural matrix for DNA delivery. The matrix holds the DNA vector at the treatment site and provides a scaffolding for in-growth and accumulation of repair cells and efficient DNA transfection. We now report, for the first time, matrix-mediated delivery of targeted DNA vectors for soft tissue repair. A collagen matrix was used to deliver an adenoviral vector encoding platelet-derived growth factor-B (AdPDGF-B), resulting in efficient transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. Increases in the overall levels of expression and in the relative amounts of secreted PDGF-BB were achieved when AdPDGF-B was conjugated to fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) such that the virus was targeted for cellular uptake via FGF receptors. Matrix-mediated delivery of AdPDGF-B enhanced wound healing responses in vivo, and FGF2 targeting generated effects comparable to nontargeted vectors at significantly lower doses. Therefore, matrix-mediated delivery in combination with FGF2 targeting overcomes some of the safety and efficacy limitations of current gene therapy strategies and is an attractive therapeutic approach for tissue repair and regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L A Chandler
- Selective Genetics, Incorporated, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Printz MA, Gonzalez AM, Cunningham M, Gu DL, Ong M, Pierce GF, Aukerman SL. Fibroblast growth factor 2-retargeted adenoviral vectors exhibit a modified biolocalization pattern and display reduced toxicity relative to native adenoviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2000; 11:191-204. [PMID: 10646650 DOI: 10.1089/10430340050016265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted vectors provide a number of advantages for systemic and local gene delivery strategies. Several groups have investigated the utility of using various ligands to alter the tropism of adenovirus (Ad) vectors. We have previously demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligands can specifically target DNA transfection and Ad transduction through high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs). FGFRs are overexpressed in abnormally proliferating tissues, such as malignancies. The present studies explore the effects of retargeting with FGF2 on the tissue localization pattern and the systemic toxicity of Ad in mice. Results of semiquantitative PCR analyses indicate that the distribution of FGF2-Ad vector genome sequences after intravenous administration in mice is altered. Markedly lower amounts (10- to 20-fold) of FGF2-Ad localize to the liver when compared with native Ad. This decrease in liver deposition translates into a significant reduction in subsequent toxicity as measured by serum transaminases and histopathology in mice injected with FGF2-AdHSV-thymidine kinase with and without ganciclovir administration. In an intraperitoneal model of ovarian cancer, FGF2-Ad generates increased transgene expression in tumor tissue when compared with Ad. Taken together, these results indicate that the retargeting of Ad with FGF2 results in a more efficient vector system for systemic and regional gene therapy applications, with concomitant lower levels of systemic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Printz
- Selective Genetics, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Meszaros JG, Gonzalez AM, Endo-Mochizuki Y, Villegas S, Villarreal F, Brunton LL. Identification of G protein-coupled signaling pathways in cardiac fibroblasts: cross talk between G(q) and G(s). Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2000; 278:C154-62. [PMID: 10644523 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2000.278.1.c154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are an important cellular component of myocardial responses to injury and to hypertrophic stimuli. We studied G protein-coupled receptors to understand how CFs integrate signals that activate G(q), G(s), and G(i). We predicted that the second messenger pathways present in CFs were distinct from those in cardiac myocytes and that unique signaling interactions existed in the CFs. ANG II, bradykinin, ATP, and UTP stimulated inositol phosphate (IP) production 2.2- to 7-fold. Each of these agonists elevated intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) via release from the intracellular Ca(2+) storage compartment. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), carbachol, and norepinephrine failed to increase either IP production or [Ca(2+)](i). Although agonists that activated IP and Ca(2+) transients had no effect on cAMP production when administered alone, these agents potentiated the beta(2)-adrenergic response two- to fourfold. Hormones known to inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity in cardiac myocytes, such as ET-1 and carbachol, failed to lower the beta-adrenergic response in fibroblasts. Order of potency and inhibitor data indicate that the functional receptor subtypes in these cells are beta(2), P2Y(2), and AT(1) for isoproterenol, ATP, and ANG II, respectively. We conclude that CFs express functional G protein-linked receptors that couple to G(q) and G(s), with little or no coupling to G(i). The expression of receptors and their coupling to G(q)- but not to G(i)-linked responses distinguishes the signaling in CFs from that in myocytes. Furthermore, agonists that activate G(q) in CFs potentiate stimulation of G(s), an example of signaling cross talk not observed in adult myocytes. These data suggest that G protein-mediated signaling in CFs is unique and may contribute to the specificity of hormone and drug action on individual cell types within the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J G Meszaros
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Barrett LB, Logan A, Berry M, Ying W, Gonzalez AM, Baird A, Seymour LW. Targeted transfection of neuronal cells using a poly(D-lysine)-cholera-toxin b chain conjugate. Biochem Soc Trans 1999; 27:851-7. [PMID: 10830116 DOI: 10.1042/bst0270851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L B Barrett
- CRC Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lawler CP, Prioleau C, Lewis MM, Mak C, Jiang D, Schetz JA, Gonzalez AM, Sibley DR, Mailman RB. Interactions of the novel antipsychotic aripiprazole (OPC-14597) with dopamine and serotonin receptor subtypes. Neuropsychopharmacology 1999; 20:612-27. [PMID: 10327430 DOI: 10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OPC-14597 {aripiprazole; 7-(-4(4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl) butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone} is a novel candidate antipsychotic that has high affinity for striatal dopamine D2-like receptors, but causes few extrapyramidal effects. These studies characterized the molecular pharmacology of OPC-14597, DM-1451 (its major rodent metabolite), and the related quinolinone derivative OPC-4392 at each of the cloned dopamine receptors, and at serotonin 5HT6 and 5HT7 receptors. All three compounds exhibited highest affinity for D2L and D2S receptors relative to the other cloned receptors examined. Both OPC-4392 and OPC-14597 demonstrated dual agonist/antagonist actions at D2L receptors, although the metabolite DM-1451 behaved as a pure antagonist. These data suggest that clinical atypicality can occur with drugs that exhibit selectivity for D2L/D2S rather than D3 or D4 receptors, and raise the possibility that the unusual profile of OPC-14597 in vivo (presynaptic agonist and postsynaptic antagonist) may reflect different functional consequences of this compound interacting with a single dopamine receptor subtype (D2) in distinct cellular locales.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology
- Aripiprazole
- CHO Cells
- Corpus Striatum/drug effects
- Corpus Striatum/metabolism
- Cricetinae
- Glioma
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Quinolones/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Dopamine/classification
- Receptors, Dopamine/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Serotonin/classification
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/genetics
- Receptors, Serotonin/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C P Lawler
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599-7250, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gu DL, Gonzalez AM, Printz MA, Doukas J, Ying W, D'Andrea M, Hoganson DK, Curiel DT, Douglas JT, Sosnowski BA, Baird A, Aukerman SL, Pierce GF. Fibroblast growth factor 2 retargeted adenovirus has redirected cellular tropism: evidence for reduced toxicity and enhanced antitumor activity in mice. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2608-14. [PMID: 10363982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) have been used as vectors to deliver genes to a wide variety of tissues. Despite achieving high expression levels in vivo, Ad vectors display normal tissue toxicity, transient expression, and antivector immune responses that limit therapeutic potential. To circumvent these problems, several retargeting strategies to abrogate native tropism and redirect Ad uptake through defined receptors have been attempted. Despite success in cell culture, in vivo results have generally not shown sufficient selectivity for target tissues. We have previously identified (C. K. Goldman et al., Cancer Res., 57: 1447-1451, 1997) the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) ligand and receptor families as conferring sufficient specificity and binding affinity to be useful for targeting DNA in vivo. In the present studies, we retargeted Ad using basic FGF (FGF2) as a targeting ligand. Cellular uptake is redirected through high-affinity FGF receptors (FGFRs) and not the more ubiquitous lower-affinity Ad receptors. Initial in vitro experiments demonstrated a 10- to 100-fold increase in gene expression in numerous FGFR positive (FGFR+) cell lines using FGF2-Ad when compared with Ad. To determine whether increased selectivity could be detected in vivo, FGF2-Ad was administered i.v. to normal mice. FGF2-Ad demonstrates markedly decreased hepatic toxicity and liver transgene expression compared with Ad treatment. Importantly, FGF2-Ad encoding the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene transduces Ad-resistant FGFR+ tumor cells both ex vivo and in vivo, which results in substantially enhanced survival (180-260%) when the prodrug ganciclovir is administered. Because FGFRs are up-regulated on many types of malignant or injured cells, this broadly useful method to redirect native Ad tropism and to increase the potency of gene expression may offer significant therapeutic advantages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Gu
- Selective Genetics, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu LX, Burgess LH, Gonzalez AM, Sibley DR, Chiodo LA. D2S, D2L, D3, and D4 dopamine receptors couple to a voltage-dependent potassium current in N18TG2 x mesencephalon hybrid cell (MES-23.5) via distinct G proteins. Synapse 1999; 31:108-18. [PMID: 10024007 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199902)31:2<108::aid-syn3>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We utilized the approach of stably expressing different dopamine (DA) receptors into identified cell lines in an attempt to better understand the coupling of these receptors to membrane ion channels via second messenger systems. Recently, we examined the N18TG2 x mesencephalon (MES-23.5) cell line that is phenotypically similar to mesencephalic dopamine-containing neurons. Whole-cell voltage-clamp methods were used to investigate a voltage-dependent K+ current present in these cells. Untransfected MES-23.5 cells displayed a voltage-dependent slow-onset, slowly inactivating outward current which was not altered by bath application of either the D2 DA receptor agonist quinpirole (QUIN; 10-100 microM) or the D1 DA receptor agonist SKF38393, indicating that these cells were devoid of DA receptors. The K+ current studied was activated upon depolarization from a holding potential of -60 mV to a level more positive than -20 mV and was observed to be sensitive to bath application of tetraethylammonium. When MES-23.5 cells were transfected to stably express the D2S, D2L, D3, and D4 receptors, the same current was observed. In cells expressing D2L, D2S, and D3 receptors, application of the DA receptor agonists QUIN (1-80 microM), 7-hydroxy-dipropylaminoteralin (7-OH-DPAT, 1-80 microM), and dopamine (DA, 1-80 microM), increased the peak outward current by 35-40%. In marked contrast, cells stably expressing the D4 receptor demonstrated a significant DA agonist-induced reduction of the peak K+ current by 40%. For all four receptor subtypes, the D2-like receptor antagonist sulpiride (SUL 5 microM), when coapplied with QUIN (10 microM), totally abolished the change in K+ current normally observed, while coapplication of the D1-like receptor antagonist SCH23390 was without effect. The modulation of K+ current by D2L, D3, and D4 receptor stimulation was prevented by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin (PTX, 500 ng/ml for 4 h). In addition, the intracellular application of a polyclonal antibody which specifically recognizes Goalpha completely blocked the ability of D2L, D3, and D4 receptors to modulate outward K+ currents. In contrast, the intracellular application of an antibody directed against Goalpha was without effect, whereas intracellular application of an antibody recognizing Gsalpha abolished the ability of the D2S receptor to enhance K+ current. These findings demonstrate that different members of the D2 DA receptor family may couple in a given cell to a common effector in dramatically different ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L X Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock 79430, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The authors discuss the growing need for primary care residents to learn how to care for patients of many cultural backgrounds. To effectively learn the needed skills, residents must incorporate insights from areas outside medicine. The authors focus on three such areas: cultural competency, public health, and community-oriented primary care. Regarding cultural competency, the authors make clear that on the one hand, physicians must be trained to be sensitive to cultural differences and patterns, but on the other, they cannot be expected to know the many cultures of their patients in depth. They discuss the Core Curriculum Guidelines on Culturally Sensitive and Competent Health Care created by the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine. Regarding community-oriented primary care (COPC), a process introduced from Europe in 1982, the authors state that one of its key elements is to provide accessible care to diverse and often underserved populations. However, various factors have kept COPC, and the federally funded community health centers that address the concerns of COPC, from having the widespread effects they could have. Regarding public health, the authors review the various services and orientations of public health and show how these help foster care for diverse populations. The authors then briefly describe their own residency program and its work with diverse populations. They conclude by emphasizing the importance for residents of learning the principles and practices embodied in cultural competency, public health, and COPC in order to effectively communicate with their patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Zweifler
- University of California, San Francisco-Fresno Family Practice Residency Program 93702, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Gonzalez AM, Smith AP, Emery CJ, Higenbottam TW. The pulmonary hypertensive fawn-hooded rat has a normal serotonin transporter coding sequence. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1998; 19:245-9. [PMID: 9698596 DOI: 10.1165/ajrcmb.19.2.3073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coding sequence of the serotonin transporter gene was compared in two strains of rat-the Wistar and the fawn-hooded rat (FHR). The FHR has an inherited platelet storage-pool deficiency and a widespread impairment of serotonin storage. It is also susceptible to systemic and pulmonary hypertension. The FHR provides a model to study the genetics in human systemic and pulmonary hypertension. We measured platelet function in these two strains by measuring incorporation of radiolabeled serotonin into a platelet suspension and found significant differences in serotonin uptake and release. The coding sequence for the serotonin transporter in the FHR has yet to be reported. No differences were found in the predicted amino acid sequence between these two strains of rat, either in the platelet or the lung samples or when compared with the published sequence of the brown rat. We conclude that differences in the primary structure of the serotonin transporter gene do not account for the altered serotonin storage in the FHR strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Respiratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Science, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Larocca D, Witte A, Gonzalez AM, Houston LL. Establishment of epitope-defined monoclonal antibodies with specificity for fibroblast growth factor receptor types 1 and 2. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1998; 17:21-31. [PMID: 9523234 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1998.17.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of specific antibody probes for characterizing the expression of the family of 4 fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) types has been difficult because of their close homology to each other and high degree of evolutionary conservation. Of the existing anti-FGFR monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), there are few that are useful for staining paraffin-embedded tissues. We have raised MAbs against human FGFR1 and FGFR2 in both rats and mice using bacterial recombinant receptor fusion proteins as immunogens. We used peptide epitope mapping to characterize the immune sera and the selected MAbs. Immunized animals were selected that displayed the broadest reactivity against epitopes unique to the immunizing receptor type. We produced FGFR1 specific MAbs that bind epitopes in immunoglobulin domain I (Ig-I) and FGFR2 specific MAbs that bind epitopes in Ig-I, Ig-II, and the acid box. The specificity of the antibodies was demonstrated by ELISA and immunoblot analysis of purified recombinant FGFR1 and FGFR2 extracellular domains produced both in E. coli and in eucaryotic cells. Based on the lack of epitope homology, these MAbs would not be expected to cross-react with FGFR3 or FGFR4. We isolated MAbs that bound to paraffin embedded tissue and immunoblots of recombinant receptor. These epitope-defined MAbs can distinguish between members of the FGF receptor family and should be useful as tools for assessing FGF receptor expression in a variety of normal and diseased tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Larocca
- PRIZM Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The focus of interest on pulmonary hypertension (PH) has come through recent therapeutic advances which prolong and improve quality of life. From this interest, recent observations form family studies indicate that a gene located on chromosome 2 is associated with PH. Environmental factors, the use of an anorectic agent, dexfenfluramine, has been associated with a risk of developing primary PH. A link with hypoxic induced PH has emerged in that a strain of rat, the fawn-hooded rat (FHR) which has a susceptibility to developing PH with mild hypoxia has an inherited storage defect to serotonin. Dexfenfluramine, by inhibiting the serotonin transporter, produces a similar pattern of disturbance of biogenic amine metabolism. This observation provides some insight into potential mechanisms for this complex disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Division of Clinical Science, Medical School, University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Ligand-mediated targeting of DNA was validated by condensing a plasmid DNA encoding the beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) gene with a basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) that was first chemically conjugated to polylysine (K). The conditions that gave optimal binding of this FGF2 to DNA also generated the highest level of beta-gal expression when added to FGF2 target cells like COS-1, 3T3, baby hamster kidney (BHK), or endothelial cells. This beta-gal activity increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner and was dependent on the inclusion of FGF2 in the complex. FGF receptor specificity was demonstrated by competition of the complex with FGF2 and heparin, and by the failure of cytochrome c or histone H1 to mimic the gene-targeting effects of FGF2. The expression of beta-gal was also endosome dependent because chloroquine increased beta-gal expression 8-fold and endosome disruptive peptides increased expression of beta-gal 26-fold. Taken together these findings establish that DNA can be introduced into cells through the high affinity FGF receptor complex, and while its efficiency will require significant enhancements to achieve sustained and elevated transgene expression, the possibility that the technique could be used to deliver DNAs encoding cytotoxic molecules is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Sosnowski
- PRIZM Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gonzalez AM, Hill DJ, Logan A, Maher PA, Baird A. Distribution of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 and FGF receptor-1 messenger RNA expression and protein presence in the mid-trimester human fetus. Pediatr Res 1996; 39:375-85. [PMID: 8929854 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199603000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are known to have key roles in embryonic growth and morphogenesis, but their presence and contributions to fetal development are unclear. In particular, little information exists as to the relevance of FGF and their specific receptors to human fetal development. We studied the anatomical distribution of messenger RNA encoding FGF-2 and one of its high affinity receptors, FGFR1, using in situ hybridization in a variety of human fetal tissues in early second trimester. Corresponding protein distributions were determined by immunohistochemistry. Both FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA and proteins were found to be present in every organ and tissue examined, but with defined cellular localizations. In skeletal muscle, both FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA and peptides were present in differentiated fibers, and both co-localized to proliferating chondrocytes of the epiphyseal growth plate. FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA and peptides were also present within cardiac or gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Within the gastrointestinal tract FGF-2 mRNA and peptide were located in the submucosal tissue, whereas FGFR1 was expressed within the overlying mucosa. Similarly, in skin, FGF-2 was expressed within the dermis whereas FGFR1 mRNA and peptide were most apparent in the stratum germinativum of the epidermis. In kidney and lung, FGFR1 mRNA was located in the tubular and alveolar epithelia respectively, whereas FGF-2 was expressed in both epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. Both growth factor and receptor were widespread in both neuroblasts and glioblasts in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Immunoreactivity for FGF-2 and FGFR1 was seen in all vascular endothelial cells of major vessels and capillaries. Within the skin, kidney, lung, and intestine FGF-2 immunoreactivity was found in basement membranes underlying epithelia, and was associated with the extracellular matrix and plasma membranes of many cell types. The results show that FGF-2 and one of its receptors are widely expressed anatomically in the mid-trimester human fetus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Blakemore AI, Cox A, Gonzalez AM, Maskil JK, Hughes ME, Wilson RM, Ward JD, Duff GW. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist allele (IL1RN*2) associated with nephropathy in diabetes mellitus. Hum Genet 1996; 97:369-74. [PMID: 8786086 DOI: 10.1007/bf02185776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously found association between an allele of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist gene (IL1RN) and several inflammatory diseases, where IL-1 has been implicated in the inflammatory mechanism. We have now, therefore, tested the association of this specific allele (IL1RN*2) with complications of diabetes which have an inflammatory tissue component. We have tested the allele frequency of IL1RN*2 in 128 patients with insulin-dependent and 125 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). There was a significant association between carriage of IL1RN*2 and diabetic nephropathy (P<0.001, Pcorrected<0.0012). The association was significant in both types of diabetes, but the observed increase was highest in NIDDM, rising to double the control levels. It appears that IL1RN*2 is a novel genetic marker of severity of inflammatory complications of diseases rather than a marker of disease susceptibility. If the DNA polymorphism is associated with altered gene function, new therapeutic interventions may be possible.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We have examined the cellular distribution of both FGF-2 and FGFR1 immunoreactivity and their mRNAs throughout the normal adult rat brain in order to reconcile numerous disparate findings in the published literature. The results confirm a widespread distribution of FGF-2 and FGFR1 in the rat brain, and different regions express distinct patterns of FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA and protein: neuronal and non-neuronal cells show different subcellular distributions that vary according to the area where they are located. The intensity of the staining and hybridization also varies according to the loci examined and the cell type involved. Astrocytes contain the highest levels of FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNAs, and characteristically, possess high levels of immunoreactive FGF-2 within the nucleus. Amongst non-neuronal cells, oligodendrocytes do not synthesize or contain significant levels of FGF-2 immunoreactivity however, they do express FGFR1 mRNA. In these cells, immunoreactive FGFR1 is mainly associated with the myelin sheaths of neuronal fibers. In ventricular systems, ependymal cells synthesize and contain immunoreactive FGFR1. In contrast, only cells lining the lateral wall of the IIIrd ventricle express FGF-2 mRNA. Subependymal cells contain high levels of both FGF-2 and FGFR1 immunoreactivity. Neurons express low levels of FGF-2 mRNA and immunoreactive FGF-2 is localized predominantly to the perikaryon. However, selected populations of neurons, such as CA2 field of the hippocampus, show high levels of FGF-2 mRNA, in which the nucleus is strongly immunopositive. Similarly, high levels of FGFR1 mRNA are localized to select populations of neurons (e.g. amygdala). FGFR1 immunoreactivity is mainly associated with myelinated fiber tracts (e.g. striatum), and some neurons show immunoreactivity in the perikaryon (e.g. hippocampus), the nucleus (e.g. mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus), or in axonal projections (e.g. hypothalamus). Remarkably, in many of the areas studied, FGF-2 and FGFR1 mRNA and/or their translated protein do not co-localize in neurons (e.g. neo-cortices) or even in the same regions of the brain (e.g. substantia nigra). In other instances, mRNAs for both FGF-2 and FGFR1 colocalize (e.g. supraoptic nucleus). The brain, in contrast to peripheral tissues, contains high levels of FGF-2 and actively expresses its gene under normal physiological conditions. The highly specific anatomical distribution of immunoreactive FGF-2 in neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells, supports the notion that it plays a multifunctional role in the CNS under normal physiology. By correlating the localization and the synthesis of FGF-2 and one of its high affinity receptors, FGFR1, in the CNS, it should be possible to obtain a better understanding of the roles of FGF-2 in normal and pathological conditions.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kreiss DS, Bergstrom DA, Gonzalez AM, Huang KX, Sibley DR, Walters JR. Dopamine receptor agonist potencies for inhibition of cell firing correlate with dopamine D3 receptor binding affinities. Eur J Pharmacol 1995; 277:209-14. [PMID: 7493610 DOI: 10.1016/0014-2999(95)00069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The potencies for in vivo inhibition of substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine single cell firing were determined for apomorphine, BHT 920, N-0923, (+/-)-7-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT), (+)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-propylpiperidine (3-PPP), pramipexole, quinelorane, quinpirole, RU 24926, U-86170, and U-91356. Significant correlation was obtained between the potencies of these 11 highly efficacious dopamine receptor agonists and the in vitro binding affinities at dopamine D3 receptors, but not at dopamine D2L receptors. These results support a functional role for the dopamine D3 receptor subtype in the autoreceptor-mediated regulation of dopamine cell activity, while a role for dopamine D2 receptors awaits further analysis. In addition, the results demonstrate the limitations of using currently available dopamine receptor agonists to delineate relative in vivo roles for the dopamine D2 and D3 receptor subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Kreiss
- Neurophysiological Pharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1406, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The binding of [3H](+)-7-hydroxy-2-(N,N-di-n-propylamino)tetralin ([3H]7-OH-DPAT) to dopamine D2 and D3 receptors expressed in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was investigated and compared with [3H]methylspiperone. [3H]7-OH-DPAT labeled the D3 receptor in the CHO cells in a guanine nucleotide-insensitive fashion and exhibited a Kd of about 0.5 nM. In the presence of MgCl2. [3H]7-OH-DPAT was also found to label the D2 receptor in CHO cells with high affinity (3.6 nM). The binding of [3H]7-OH-DPAT to the D2 receptor was sensitive to guanine nucleotides suggesting occupancy of a high affinity G protein-coupled state of the receptor. These results suggest that caution should be exercised when using [3H]7-OH-DPAT to label the dopamine D3 receptor in brain tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gonzalez AM, Carman LS, Ong M, Ray J, Gage FH, Shults CW, Baird A. Storage, metabolism, and processing of 125I-fibroblast growth factor-2 after intracerebral injection. Brain Res 1994; 665:285-92. [PMID: 7895064 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(94)91349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) is a potent trophic agent for both neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the mammalian CNS. It can enhance survival and neurite outgrowth of a variety of neuronal types in vitro and in vivo, and recently has been shown to stimulate neuroblast proliferation in culture. To determine the most effective means of introducing FGF-2 into the brain, and to further our understanding of the behavior of exogenous FGF-2 following intracerebral injection, we examined the diffusion and degradation of 125I-FGF-2 following intraventricular or intraparenchymal injection. SDS-PAGE and autoradiography show that when radiolabelled FGF-2 is injected into the parenchyma of the rat brain, it remains at the site of injection where it is detectable for several days. During this time, it is slowly metabolized to 2 specific heparin-binding metabolic fragments that are virtually identical to the ones described for its metabolism by neurons and astrocytes in vitro. Microscopic examination and autoradiography of these tissue sections show that within these areas, FGF-2 diffuses throughout the site of injection. Initially, it migrates along adjacent fiber tracts, binds to specific cells and to basement membranes of the microvasculature, but later on it remains associated to basement membranes and non-neuronal cells. Based on its slow clearance and slow rate metabolic degradation, this FGF-2 is presumed to be in a sequestered form and to have limited activity. In contrast, the intraventricular injection of 125I-FGF leads to a rapid clearance, with some binding to ependymal cells lining the ventricles and little translocation into the parenchyma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Growth Biology, Whittier Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Logan A, Gonzalez AM, Hill DJ, Berry M, Gregson NA, Baird A. Coordinated pattern of expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) and IGF-binding protein-2 in the adult rat brain. Endocrinology 1994; 135:2255-64. [PMID: 7525264 DOI: 10.1210/endo.135.5.7525264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have numerous actions on neuronal and glial cell function in vitro, although their in vivo roles within the central nervous system (CNS) remain undefined. Levels of IGF-II are high in most rat tissues before the third postnatal week, but rapidly decrease thereafter, except in the brain and spinal cord, where elevated titers are present in the adult. This suggests a function of IGF-II within the CNS. IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) modify the type 1 IGF receptor-mediated activity of IGFs, thereby regulating the activities of IGF-II in the CNS. In this study, we use a ribonuclease protection assay, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry to demonstrate that IGF-II and one of the major CNS binding proteins, IGFBP-2, show a striking congruency in their anatomical pattern of expression and localization throughout the adult rat brain. Both proteins are synthesized predominantly in the leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and parenchymal microvasculature, but become localized, remote from the site of synthesis, in the myelin sheaths of individual myelinated axons and in all of the myelinated nerve tracts in the brain, which presumably represents the site of IGF-II bioactivity. The spatial disparity between sites of synthesis and sites of bioactivity suggests a key role for IGFBP-2 in the regulation of IGF-II bioavailability within the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Logan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Gonzalez AM, Logan A, Ying W, Lappi DA, Berry M, Baird A. Fibroblast growth factor in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis: differential expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and a high affinity receptor. Endocrinology 1994; 134:2289-97. [PMID: 8156932 DOI: 10.1210/endo.134.5.8156932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to map gene expression and protein distribution of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Although the expression of FGF-2 mRNA in the pituitary is low, the protein is widely distributed in both its neural and anterior lobes. In the anterior lobe, immunoreactive (ir-) FGF-2 localizes to basement membranes and select endocrine cells. In the neural lobe, ir-FGF-2 is detected in basement membranes, pituicytes, and Herring bodies. Analyses of FGF high affinity receptor (FGFR) immunoreactivity in the anterior pituitary establishes a distribution of FGFR similar to that of FGF-2. In the neural lobe, ir-FGFR is associated with nerve fibers, pituicytes, and Herring bodies. Unlike FGF-2, the distribution of FGFR1 mRNA correlates well with the presence of the immunoreactive receptor. In the hypothalamus, magnocellular neurons of paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei contain ir-FGF-2 and ir-FGFR. In the median eminence, ir-FGF-2 and ir-FGFR is associated with fibers, glial, and endothelial cells. Ependymal and subependymal cells lining the third ventricle also show high levels of ir-FGF-2 and ir-FGFR and mRNAs. Overall, there is a specific and selective distribution of FGF-2 and its high affinity receptor(s) in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. This localization lead us to postulate a role in neurohypophyseal functions, possibly water balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Growth Biology, Whittier Institute for Diabetes and Endocrinology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|