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Lee JS, Choi H, Shin SH, Hwang MJ, Na S, Kim JH, Park S, Yoon Y, Kang HM, Ahn B, Seo K, Choe YJ. Characterization of Brighton Collaboration criteria for myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccine in Korean adolescents. Vaccine 2024:S0264-410X(24)00446-8. [PMID: 38604914 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines are vital for public health, but concerns about adverse effects, particularly myocarditis and pericarditis linked to COVID-19 vaccines-, persist. This study investigates the application of Brighton Collaboration case definition to national vaccine safety data related to post-COVID-19 vaccine myo/pericarditis, utilizing claims under the Korea National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program (NIVCP). METHODS This study analyzed 190 medical records of individuals who claimed to have developed myo/pericarditis after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, as reported to the NVICP between specified dates, categorizing cases based on the Brighton criteria for myocarditis or pericarditis. RESULTS Between 2021-2022, NVICP received 190 cases meeting the Brighton criteria for myocarditis or pericarditis at levels 1, 2, or 3. Most cases fell into Level 2 (70%), followed by Level 1 (29%), and one at Level 3 (1%), with Level 1 cases showing a higher hospitalization rate (87.3%) and a notable proportion requiring admission to the Intensive Care Unit (25.5%). Chest pain and Troponin-I/T elevation were common findings in Level 1 cases, while Level 2 cases exhibited similar patterns but at a slightly lower frequency. Electrocardiogram and echocardiography findings differed between the two levels. CONCLUSION The Brighton Collaboration case definition proved valuable for classifying and assessing AEFI data, enhancing our understanding of the potential relationship between myocarditis and the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Seong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - HyoSug Choi
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Shin
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Jae Hwang
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sara Na
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Immunization Safety Group, COVID-19 Vaccination Task Force, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangshin Park
- Graduate School of Urban Public Health, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Mi Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, The Catholic University of Korea Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsan Seo
- College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yun KW, Ahn B, Choi SH, Kang DY, Kim TS, Lee MK, Park KU, Choi EH. First Detection of Enterovirus D68 in Korean Children, September 2022. Infect Chemother 2023; 55:422-430. [PMID: 37674335 PMCID: PMC10771948 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a re-emerging pathogen that is particularly common in children and may cause asthma-like respiratory infection and acute flaccid myelitis. However, in Korea, EV-D68 has never been reported thus far. This study aimed to identify EV-D68 from nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) in Korean children with a respiratory tract infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The EV-D68 reference strain was purchased and blindly used to assess the detection ability of three commercial and one in-house mRT-PCR kit in 2018. Then, we selected children whose specimens were positive for human rhinovirus (HRV) and/or enterovirus (EV) by Allplex mRT-PCR (Seegene, Inc., Seoul, Korea) from April to December 2022. Total RNA was extracted from NPAs, and a partial 5'-UTR gene was amplified and sequenced for the identification of HRV/EV species. Additionally, PCR targeting the VP1 gene was performed to assess EV-D68-positive NPAs, followed by sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of amino acid sequence alignments were performed using a partial VP1 gene of our and recent international EV-D68 strains. RESULTS Among the mRT-PCR kits tested, only the in-house kit was able to detect EV-D68 in 2018. However, we detected three EV-D68 strains among children hospitalized with fever and/or respiratory symptoms in September - December 2022 who tested positive for EV by the Allplex kit. Two of them were healthy toddlers with lower respiratory infections accompanied by new-onset wheezing but no neurologic complications. Among 34 children with lower respiratory infection who tested positive for HRV during the same period, EV-D68 was not detected. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the first Korean EV-D68 belonged to subclade B3. Amino acid sequence alignment of international subclade B3 EV-D68 strains also showed that our strain is genetically more related to those from Europe than those from Japan. CONCLUSION We first detected EV-D68 in three Korean children who had EV detected by the Allplex mRT-PCR kit in 2022. EV-D68 also circulated in Korea in fall 2022, but the prevalence and severity seemed to be lower than those in previous reports from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Suh JH, Ahn B, Song SH, Choi S, Choi SH, Lee H, Han MS, Park JY, Choi EH, Yun KW. Etiology and Clinical Characteristics of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Korean Children During the Pre-COVID-19 Period, 2015-2020. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e339. [PMID: 37935166 PMCID: PMC10627724 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been many epidemiologic studies on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among children, most of which had substantial limitations. This study investigated the etiologic distribution and clinical characteristics of CAP in Korean children for 5 years before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A retrospective analysis of children hospitalized for CAP at 4 referral hospitals during 2015-2020 was performed. Cases in which bronchiolitis was suspected or pulmonary infiltration was not evident on chest radiography (CXR) were excluded. Viruses and atypical bacteria were defined as detected when positive in the polymerase chain reaction test performed for respiratory specimens. Serologic testing result for Mycoplasma pneumoniae was incorporated with strict interpretation. Pyogenic bacteria were included only when cultured in blood, pleural fluid, or bronchoalveolar lavage, but those cultured in endotracheal aspirate or sputum when the case was clinically evident bacterial pneumonia were also included. RESULTS A total of 2,864 cases of suspected pneumonia were selected by diagnosis code and CXR findings. Medical chart and CXR review excluded nosocomial pneumonia and cases without evident infiltration, resulting in 517 (18.1%) CAP cases among 489 children. Regarding clinical symptoms, high fever was present in 59.4% and dyspnea in 19.9% of cases. Respiratory support was required for 29.2% of patients, including mechanical ventilation for 3.9%. Pathogens were detected in 49.9% of cases, with viruses in 32.3%, atypical bacteria in 17.8%, and pyogenic bacteria in 2.3% of cases. As single pathogens, M. pneumoniae (16.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 13.7%) were the most common. Parenteral β-lactam and macrolide antibiotics were administered in 81.6% and 50.7% of cases, respectively. A total of 12 (2.3%) cases resulted in poor outcomes, including 3 deaths. CONCLUSION M. pneumoniae and RSV were the most commonly detected pathogens of pediatric CAP, which was selected by strict clinical and radiologic criteria. It is necessary to carefully decide whether to use parenteral antibiotics based on the epidemiology and clinical features of CAP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ho Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sujin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Choi S, Kim SH, Han MS, Yoon Y, Kim YK, Cho HK, Yun KW, Song SH, Ahn B, Kim YK, Choi SH, Choe YJ, Lim H, Choi EB, Kim K, Hyeon S, Lim HJ, Kim BC, Lee YK, Choi EH, Shin EC, Lee H. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Elicits Sustained T Cell Responses Against the Omicron Variant in Adolescents. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e33. [PMID: 37670807 PMCID: PMC10475828 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been acknowledged as an effective mean of preventing infection and hospitalization. However, the emergence of highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has led to substantial increase in infections among children and adolescents. Vaccine-induced immunity and longevity have not been well defined in this population. Therefore, we aimed to analyze humoral and cellular immune responses against ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthy adolescents. Although vaccination induced a robust increase of spike-specific binding Abs and neutralizing Abs against the ancestral and SARS-CoV-2 variants, the neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant was significantly low. On the contrary, vaccine-induced memory CD4+ T cells exhibited substantial responses against both ancestral and Omicron spike proteins. Notably, CD4+ T cell responses against both ancestral and Omicron strains were preserved at 3 months after two shots of the BNT162b2 vaccine without waning. Polyfunctionality of vaccine-induced memory T cells was also preserved in response to Omicron spike protein. The present findings characterize the protective immunity of vaccination for adolescents in the era of continuous emergence of variants/subvariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Korea
| | - Yoonsun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Yun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Heeji Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Bee Choi
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Kwangwook Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Seokhwan Hyeon
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Lim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Byung-chul Kim
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Yoo-kyoung Lee
- Division of Vaccine Development Coordination, Center for Vaccine Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- The Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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Ahn B, Choi SH, Yun KW. Non-neuropsychiatric Long COVID Symptoms in Children Visiting a Pediatric Infectious Disease Clinic After an Omicron Surge. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023; 42:e143-e145. [PMID: 36795575 PMCID: PMC10097469 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Although much interest has emerged regarding post-COVID conditions, data on children and adolescents are limited. The prevalence of long COVID and common symptoms were analyzed in this case-control study of 274 children. Prolonged non-neuropsychiatric symptoms were more frequent in the case group (17.0% and 4.8%, P = 0.004). Abdominal pain (6.6%) was the most common long COVID symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ahn
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Choi
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Choi SH, Choi JH, Lee JK, Eun BW, Song SH, Ahn B, Kim YK, Yun KW. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Children With SARS-CoV-2 Infection During the Delta and Omicron Variant-Dominant Periods in Korea. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e65. [PMID: 36880106 PMCID: PMC9988433 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant infection are limited. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection before and after omicron variant dominance in Korea. METHODS A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in hospitalized patients aged ≤ 18 years with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at five university hospitals in South Korea. The study periods were divided into the delta (from August 23, 2021 to January 2, 2022) and omicron (from January 30 to March 31, 2022). RESULTS In total, 612 hospitalized patients were identified (211, delta; 401, omicron). During the omicron and delta periods, the proportions of individuals with serious illness (moderate, severe, and critical severity) were 21.2% and 11.8%, respectively (P = 0.034). Compared with the delta period, the proportions of patients with moderate illness increased significantly in the age groups of 0-4 years (14.2% vs. 3.4%) and 5-11 years (18.6% vs. 4.2%) during the omicron period. During the two periods, the proportions of patients with complex chronic diseases (delta, 16.0% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.040; omicron, 27.1% vs. 12.7%; P = 0.002), respiratory diseases except for asthma (delta, 8.0% vs. 0.0%, P = 0.013; omicron, 9.4% vs. 1.6%; P = 0.001), and neurologic diseases (delta, 28.0% vs. 3.2%, P < 0.001; omicron, 40.0% vs. 5.1%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in patients with serious illness than in those with non-serious illness. During the delta period, the risk for serious illness was higher among patients with obesity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 8.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80-27.36) and neurologic diseases (aOR, 39.43; 95% CI, 6.90-268.3) and aged 12-18 years (aOR, 3.92; 95% CI, 1.46-10.85). However, the presence of neurologic disease (aOR, 9.80; 95% CI, 4.50-22.57) was the only risk factor for serious illness during the omicron period. During the omicron period, the proportions of patients with croup (11.0% vs. 0.5%) and seizures (13.2% vs. 2.8%) increased significantly compared with the delta period. CONCLUSION Compared with the delta period, the proportions of young children and patients with complex comorbidities were higher during the omicron period in Korea. Patients with complex chronic diseases, especially neurologic diseases, had a high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in the two distinct variant-dominant periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Han Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Ahn B, Yun KW, Hong KT, Choi JY, Kang HJ, Seong MW, Kim TS, Ahn SJ, Choi EH. Threshold of Quantitative Cytomegalovirus DNA PCR for Preemptive Treatment in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e200-e207. [PMID: 35482472 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consensus cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA viral load thresholds for intervention in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients have not been established, especially in children. This study aimed at obtaining viral load thresholds of CMV DNA to guide preemptive management in pediatric HSCT recipients. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 465 blood samples from 177 children who received HSCT between 2015 and 2019 were included in a single center in Korea. The samples were analyzed for CMV infection by both antigenemia assay and quantitative DNA polymerase chain reaction. The 2 assay results were compared for the 233 samples which were collected when antiviral treatment has not been initiated. We determined the viral loads corresponding to the antigenemia of 5 pp65-positive cells/2×10 5 white blood cells (WBCs) as the level for initiating preemptive therapy. RESULTS Sixty percent of the samples were collected within 100 days (39.7% in 0 to 50 d, 60.2% in 0 to 100 d) from the graft infusion. The correlation between CMV DNA viral load and CMV antigenemia level increased significantly after 50 days from the graft infusion ( r =0.71 vs. r =0.93, P <0.0001). The correlation was greater in the antiviral treatment-naive group than the treatment group ( r =0.75 vs. r =0.66, P <0.0001). Under receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of the treatment-naive group, the estimated threshold CMV DNA viral loads corresponding to 5 pp65-positive cells/2×10 5 WBCs was 898 IU/mL. CONCLUSIONS The CMV DNA levels that corresponded to 5 pp65-positive cells/2×10 5 WBCs was 900 IU/mL in the HSCT group. The proposed viral load thresholds can be used to guide preemptive therapy in pediatric HSCT recipients, especially in the preengraftment period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hyoung Jin Kang
- Departments of Pediatrics
- Seoul National University Cancer Research Institute, Seoul
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Hongcheon-gun
| | - Moon-Woo Seong
- Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Sung Jin Ahn
- Department of Information Statistics, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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Ahn B, Song S, Kim YK, Yun KW, Choi EH. 2193. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of Human adenovirus in Korean children over the past 12 years (2008-2019). Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of respiratory tract infection (RTI) and clinical presentation varies by serotype. Serotypes 7 and 55 caused severe pneumonia in children during the early 2000s and in soldiers from 2014 to 2018, respectively, in South Korea. Recent data for the epidemiologic and clinical features of HAdV in Korean children are scarce.
Methods
Nasal aspirates were collected from patients aged 18 years or younger with suspected RTIs at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 2008 to 2019. HAdV serotype was determined by partial sequencing of hexon gene. The demographics and clinical features were reviewed through medical records.
Results
A total of 186 HAdVs were randomly selected for serotyping among 503 isolates obtained for 12 years. The median age was 2.1 years (range 1 month -17.9 years) with a slight male dominance (60.8%). Ten different serotypes were identified, which included 1-7, 31, 34, 35, and 55. The most predominant serotype was HAdV-3 (n=73, 39.3%) followed by HAdV-2 (n=42, 22.6%). Lower RTI was common in children infected with HAdV-3 (n=40, 54.8%) and HAdV-2 (n=18, 42.9%). HAdV-3 showed an epidemic every three years. HAdV-7 which previously caused severe pneumonia, has not been detected since 2008. HAdV-55 (n=9, 4.9%) was sporadically detected by each one case in 2008, 2009, and 2014, while six cases were detected in 2017-18. Among children with HAdV-55 detected, most (66.7%) had upper RTI as clinical diagnosis and only two (22.2%) had a clinically considerable pneumonia.
Conclusion
Over the past 12 years, HAdV-3 and 2 were prevalent and played an important role in RTIs of Korean children. HAdV-55 infection in children was not clinically significant in comparison to the recent Korean military outbreak cases.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ahn
- Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul, Seoul-t'ukpyolsi , Republic of Korea
| | - Seungha Song
- Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul, Seoul-t'ukpyolsi , Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul, Seoul-t'ukpyolsi , Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul, Seoul-t'ukpyolsi , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Seoul National University Children's Hospital , Seoul, Seoul-t'ukpyolsi , Republic of Korea
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Choi YY, Choi SH, Choi JH, Kim DH, Lee JK, Eun BW, Lee H, Kim YK, Ahn B, Song SH, Yun KW. SARS-CoV-2-Naïve Korean Children and Adolescents Hospitalized With COVID-19 in 2021. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e303. [PMID: 36325607 PMCID: PMC9623035 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of severe outcomes with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) delta variant remains low in children and adolescents, but less is known about its effect on the SARS-CoV-2-naïve population. This study evaluated clinical manifestations and risk factors for moderate-to-critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mostly SARS-CoV-2-naïve children and adolescents in 2021. METHODS This multicenter retrospective study included patients aged 0-18 years who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at 8 referring hospitals in South Korea during the predelta-predominant and delta-predominant periods in 2021. Each case was labeled as either hospitalization with medical needs or for isolation. Severity was categorized as mild, moderate, severe, or critical with regard to pneumonia presence and illness severity. RESULTS Among 753 cases, most (99.5%) had no prior history of COVID-19 or vaccination against COVID-19. The proportions of hospitalization with medical needs (3.5% vs. 19.7%), moderate illness (0.9% vs. 4.0%), and severe/critical illness (0.8% vs. 5.3%) increased during delta predominance. The risk of moderate-to-critical COVID-19 among hospitalizations with medical needs was higher among patients aged 12-18 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-11.8) and with obesity (aOR, 6.9; 95% CI, 2.4-19.6) but not among patients infected during delta predominance. However, children with obesity experienced more severe COVID-19 during delta predominance (aOR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.2-29.6). CONCLUSION Despite its similar severity among most SARS-CoV-2-naïve children and adolescents, the delta variant may affect COVID-19 severity in those with high-risk underlying medical conditions. Underlying conditions, particularly obesity, may cause severe COVID-19 in children and adolescents, warranting strong consideration for vaccinating high-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Han Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Byung Wook Eun
- Department of Pediatrics, Eulji University School of Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee JK, Song SH, Ahn B, Yun KW, Choi EH. Etiology and Epidemiology of Croup before and throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic, 2018-2022, South Korea. Children (Basel) 2022; 9:children9101542. [PMID: 36291478 PMCID: PMC9599993 DOI: 10.3390/children9101542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Omicron, a recent variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently globally dominating. We reviewed the etiology and epidemiology of croup over an approximately 5-year period, with an emphasis on the recent dominance of the Omicron variant. Children less than 5 years of age seen in the emergency department with diagnosis of croup from two large national tertiary hospitals were collected for the period from January 2018 through March 2022. Viral etiologies of the patients were compared with national surveillance data upon circulating respiratory viruses in the community. A total number of 879 croup cases were recognized during the study period. The most common pathogen was SARS-CoV-2 (26.9%), followed by HRV (23.8%), PIV1 (14.6%), PIV3 (13.1%), and CoV NL63 (13.1%), among seventeen respiratory viral pathogens tested by polymerase chain reaction. The viral identification rate was significantly higher in the Omicron period, with most of the pathogens identified as SARS-CoV-2. In the Omicron period, with the exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 cases in the community, croup associated with SARS-CoV-2 significantly increased, with a high detection rate of 97.2% (35 of 36) among croup cases with pathogen identified. The etiologic and epidemiologic data before and throughout the COVID-19 pandemic indicate that the association between croup and infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly plausible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
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11
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Kim YK, Song SH, Ahn B, Lee JK, Choi JH, Choi SH, Yun KW, Choi EH. Shift in Clinical Epidemiology of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus B Infections in Korean Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Retrospective Study. J Korean Med Sci 2022; 37:e215. [PMID: 35851860 PMCID: PMC9294504 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) B epidemics occurred in South Korea in late 2021. We investigated epidemiological changes of PIV3 and RSV B infections in Korean children before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective study, we enrolled patients aged less than 19 years with PIV3 or RSV infection in four university hospitals from January 2018 to January 2022. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the subject's medical records and analyzed for each virus. RESULTS A total of 652 children with PIV3 were identified including three epidemics: 216 in 2018, 260 in 2019, and 167 in 2021. Among 627 RSV B cases, 169 were identified in 2017/2018, 274 in 2019/2020, and 115 in 2021/2022. The peak circulation of PIV3 and RSV B epidemics were delayed by 6 and 2 months, respectively, in 2021, compared with those in the pre-COVID-19 period. The median age of PIV3 infections increased in 2021 (21.5 months in 2021 vs. 13.0-14.0 in 2018-2019; P < 0.001), whereas that of RSV B infections remained unchanged (3.6-4.0 months). During the COVID-19 pandemic, less frequent hospitalization rates were observed for both PIV3 and RSV B infections, but more children needed respiratory assistance for RSV B infection in 2021/2022 epidemic (32.5%) than before (14.7-19.4%, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION We observed changes in the epidemiology and clinical presentation of PIV3 and RSV B infections in Korean children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jae Hong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Soo-Han Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Youk S, Le MT, Kang M, Ahn B, Choi M, Kim K, Kim TH, Kim JH, Ho CS, Park C. Development of a high-resolution typing method for SLA-3, swine MHC class I antigen 3. Anim Genet 2021; 53:166-170. [PMID: 34910829 DOI: 10.1111/age.13161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We developed a high-resolution and comprehensive typing method for swine leukocyte antigen 3 (SLA-3), an MHC class I gene, employing locus-specific genomic PCR followed by subsequent direct sequencing. A total of 292 individuals from nine pure, one cross-breed and six cell lines were successfully typed. A total of 21 SLA-3 alleles were identified, of which four were found to be novel alleles. However, the allelic diversity of SLA-3 was lower than that of previously reported class I genes, SLA-1 and -2. More SLA-3 alleles were observed in the Landrace and Yorkshire breeds than the other breeds. SLA-3*04:01 was identified in seven out of nine breeds and was the most widely distributed allele across all breeds. Therefore, the typing method reported in this study completes our efforts to develop high-resolution typing methods for major SLA molecules, facilitating the combined analysis of major SLA genes from field samples, which is important to understand the relationship between the adaptive immune responses against pathogens and the immunogenetic makeup of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Youk
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M T Le
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - B Ahn
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - M Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea.,Livestock Support Department, National Agricultural Cooperative Federation Agribusiness Group, Seoul, 04516, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - C S Ho
- Gift of Hope Organ and Tissue Donor Network, 425 Spring Lake Drive, Itasca, IL, 60143, USA
| | - C Park
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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13
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Muller Moran H, Maurice-Ventouris M, Alharbi M, Ahn B, Harley J, Lachapelle K. PAN-CANADIAN INITIATIVE ON FUNDAMENTAL COMPETENCIES FOR TRANSCATHETER CARDIAC SURGERY: A MODIFIED DELPHI CONSENSUS STUDY. Can J Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.07.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Ahn B, Yoon S, Lee G, Kim H, Jang S, Hwang H. MA14.05 Clinicopathologic and Genomic Significances of the Amount of High-Grade Histologic Components in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Lee J, Ahn B, Kim M, Pyo K, Lee C, Lim S, Hong M, Kim H, Cho B. P59.01 Clinical Characteristics of Patients With MET Amplification-Positive NSCLC After EGFR-TKI Therapy. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Park H, Yun KW, Kim KR, Song SH, Ahn B, Kim DR, Kim GB, Huh J, Choi EH, Kim YJ. Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Myocarditis/Pericarditis before the Introduction of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Korean Children: a Multicenter Study. J Korean Med Sci 2021; 36:e232. [PMID: 34402230 PMCID: PMC8369310 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean health authority plans to vaccinate adolescents against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) starting high school seniors during the summer vacation of 2021. However, the myocarditis/pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccine has been reported recently in adolescents and young adults. This study was performed to answer the urgent questions about the basic epidemiology and clinical course of myocarditis/pericarditis in hospitalized patients prior to the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in pediatric population. METHODS A retrospective medical record analysis including frequency, clinical characteristics, etiology and outcome of myocarditis/pericarditis was conducted in 17 years and younger patients who were hospitalized in two referral hospitals in Korea between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS Total 142 patients with myocarditis (n = 119) and/or pericarditis (n = 23) were identified. Median age was 5.4 years (interquartile range, 0.6-12.9 years; range, 11 days-17.8 years), and male was 61%. In adolescents aged 12-17 years, the male to female ratio was 3.2. Myocarditis/pericarditis occurred 0.70 per 1,000 in-patients during the study period: 0.96 (< 1 year), 0.50 (1-5 years), 0.67 (6-11 years) and 1.22 (12-17 years) per 1,000 in-patients, respectively. There was an increasing tendency for the annual frequency from 0.34 in 2010 to 1.25 per 1,000 in-patients in 2019 (P = 0.021). Among the 56 (40%) proven pathogens at admission, Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 11, 8%) and enterovirus (n = 10, 7%) were most common. Of the 142 patients, 99 (70%) required pediatric intensive care unit care and 10 (7%) received heart transplantation. In addition, 61 patients (61/131, 47%) without heart medication at admission needed heart medication when they were discharged. Eleven (7.7%) patients died, of which five patients were previously healthy. The median age of deceased patients was lower than the survival group (0.8 vs. 6.3 years, P = 0.014). CONCLUSION The frequency of myocarditis/pericarditis was highest among male adolescent in-patients; however, the outcome was favorable in this group without any mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwanhee Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki Wook Yun
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ran Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo Ri Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Beom Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Huh
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yae Jean Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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17
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Ahn B, Kim J, Lim S, Lim S, Kim H, Hong M, Cho B. FP14.14 Post Hoc Analyses from an Open Label, Multi-Centre, ASTRIS Trial of Efficacy of Osimertinib for CNS Metastases with T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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18
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Hong M, Ahn B, Kim H, Lim S, Lee S, Park S, Lee C, Lee J, Kim D, Lee S, Yoon H, Lee C, Cho J, Shim H, Kim T, Cho B. FP03.02 Interim Analysis of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Durvalumab for Potentially Resectable Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Lim S, Yang S, Lim S, Heo S, Daniel S, Markovets A, Rafati M, Park C, Yun J, Pyo K, Yun M, Ahn B, Hong M, Kim H, Cho B. P76.18 Tissue- and Plasma-Based Landscape of Resistance to Osimertinib. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Ahn B, Lee S, Olsen S, Mehta D, Lim S, Hong M, Kim H, Cho B. P89.08 Real-World Impact of Plasma Cell-Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing to Detect Actionable Genomic Alterations in Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Sohn YJ, Choi JH, Choi YY, Choe YJ, Kim K, Kim YK, Ahn B, Song SH, Han MS, Park JY, Lee JK, Choi EH. Effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in children during 2017-2018 season in Korea: Comparison of test-negative analysis by rapid and RT-PCR influenza tests. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 99:199-203. [PMID: 32717398 PMCID: PMC7381399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In Korea, the National Immunization Program provided trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3) to all children aged 6–59 months during the 2017–2018 season. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of IIV3 in children during the 2017–2018 season. Methods Children aged 6–59 months who were tested for influenza for their acute respiratory illness in four hospitals during the 2017–2018 influenza season were included. We estimated the VE of IIV3 by test-negative case-control design based on the rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results. Results A total of 4738 children were included in this study. The number of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases was 845 (17.8%), and there were 478 cases of influenza A and 362 cases of influenza B. The adjusted VE based on RT-PCR was 53.4% (95% CI, 25.3–70.5) against any influenza, 68.8% (95% CI, 38.7–84.1) against influenza A, and 29.7% (95% CI, −35.1 to 61.8) for influenza B. The adjusted VE based on RIDT was 14.8% (95% CI, −4.4 to 30.0) against any influenza, 24.2% (95% CI, 3.1–40.2) against influenza A, and −5.1% (95% CI, −42.6 to 21.4) against influenza B. Age-specific VE based on RT-PCR against any influenza was 44.1% (95% CI, −0.2 to 67.8) in children aged 6 months to 2 years and 59.3% (95% CI, 8.8–81.9) in children aged 3–<5 years. Conclusion Our results suggest moderate protection (53.4%) of IIV3 against RT-PCR laboratory-confirmed influenza in children in the 2017–2018 influenza season. However, the RIDT hampered the validity to assess VE during influenza season. Caution is needed when interpreting an RIDT-based test negative design influenza VE study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Sohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Young Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young June Choe
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Kyung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Kee Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Song SH, Ahn B, Choi EH, Lee SP, Cho EY, Bae EJ, Lee SY, Song MK, Kim WH, Kim G, Kim TS, Han MS. Abiotrophia defectiva as a cause of infective endocarditis with embolic complications in children. Infection 2020; 48:783-790. [PMID: 32474827 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Abiotrophia defectiva is a rare pathogen of infective endocarditis (IE) but is frequently involved in embolic complication and valvular dysfunction. IE caused by A. defectiva in children is poorly studied. This study reports four cases of A. defectiva IE in children and reviews previously reported five pediatric cases of A. defectiva IE. Most of the patients presented with a subacute course, with prolonged fever or atypical symptoms. Eight patients had embolic complications at presentation. All nine children were treated with combination antimicrobial therapy and six of them received surgical intervention. All patients recovered well without relapse. A. defectiva should be considered in children with infective endocarditis, especially in those with atypical presentations. As complications are frequent and more than half of the patients need surgical treatment, prompt diagnosis along with appropriate treatment is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ha Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bin Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Hwa Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Young Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yun Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyoung Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woong Han Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geena Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Seon Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Korea. .,Department of Pediatrics, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
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23
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Ahn B. Literature Review on the Changes of Joseon Dynasty Preserved Foods. Table Food Coord Soc Korea 2019; 14:67-85. [DOI: 10.26433/tfck.2019.14.3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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24
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Ahn B. 4.11-P12“In the beginning, there is…”: The role of lived-experience in identity-work among second generation of 'ex-Yugoslavian migrants in Austria. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky048.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B Ahn
- University of Vienna, Austria
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Lee J, Lee J, Chae B, Ahn B, Ok J. Fully dedifferentiated chondrocyte expanded in specific mesenchymal stem cell growth medium with FGF2 obtains mesenchymal stem cell phenotype in vitro but retains chondrocyte phenotype in vivo. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Cho H, Hong C, Doh I, Ahn B. SU-F-I-22: Development and Implementation of Task-Specific Modular Phantom for MRI Quality Evaluation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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27
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Förg B, Schötz J, Süßmann F, Förster M, Krüger M, Ahn B, Okell WA, Wintersperger K, Zherebtsov S, Guggenmos A, Pervak V, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Azzeer AM, Stockman MI, Kim D, Krausz F, Hommelhoff P, Kling MF. Attosecond nanoscale near-field sampling. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11717. [PMID: 27241851 PMCID: PMC4895016 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The promise of ultrafast light-field-driven electronic nanocircuits has stimulated the development of the new research field of attosecond nanophysics. An essential prerequisite for advancing this new area is the ability to characterize optical near fields from light interaction with nanostructures, with sub-cycle resolution. Here we experimentally demonstrate attosecond near-field retrieval for a tapered gold nanowire. By comparison of the results to those obtained from noble gas experiments and trajectory simulations, the spectral response of the nanotaper near field arising from laser excitation can be extracted. Photoemission from nanometre-scale structures offer a route toward ultrafast light-field-driven electronic nanocircuits. Here, the authors use attosecond streaking spectroscopy for nanoscale characterization of near-fields in the vicinity of tapered gold nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Förg
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Schötz
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Süßmann
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Förster
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Department of Physics, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - W A Okell
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K Wintersperger
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Guggenmos
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Pervak
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A M Azzeer
- Attosecond Science Laboratory, King-Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - M I Stockman
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - D Kim
- Department of Physics, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - F Krausz
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - P Hommelhoff
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Ahn B, Schötz J, Okell WA, Süßmann F, Förg B, Kim SC, Kling MF, Kim D. Optimization of a nanotip on a surface for the ultrafast probing of propagating surface plasmons. Opt Express 2016; 24:92-101. [PMID: 26832240 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically analyze a method for characterizing propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a thin gold film. The SPPs are excited by few-cycle near-infrared pulses using Kretschmann coupling, and a nanotip is used as a local field sensor. This geometry removes the influence of the incident excitation laser from the near fields, and enhances the plasmon electric field strength. Using finite-difference-time-domain studies we show that the geometry can be used to measure SPP waveforms as a function of propagation distance. The effects of the nanotip shape and material on the field enhancement and plasmonic response are discussed.
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Süßmann F, Seiffert L, Zherebtsov S, Mondes V, Stierle J, Arbeiter M, Plenge J, Rupp P, Peltz C, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Ahn B, Kim D, Graf C, Rühl E, Kling MF, Fennel T. Field propagation-induced directionality of carrier-envelope phase-controlled photoemission from nanospheres. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7944. [PMID: 26264422 PMCID: PMC4557130 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Near-fields of non-resonantly laser-excited nanostructures enable strong localization of ultrashort light fields and have opened novel routes to fundamentally modify and control electronic strong-field processes. Harnessing spatiotemporally tunable near-fields for the steering of sub-cycle electron dynamics may enable ultrafast optoelectronic devices and unprecedented control in the generation of attosecond electron and photon pulses. Here we utilize unsupported sub-wavelength dielectric nanospheres to generate near-fields with adjustable structure and study the resulting strong-field dynamics via photoelectron imaging. We demonstrate field propagation-induced tunability of the emission direction of fast recollision electrons up to a regime, where nonlinear charge interaction effects become dominant in the acceleration process. Our analysis supports that the timing of the recollision process remains controllable with attosecond resolution by the carrier-envelope phase, indicating the possibility to expand near-field-mediated control far into the realm of high-field phenomena. The localized enhancement of laser light in optical near-fields of nanostructures enables the steering of ultrafast electronic motion. Here, the authors employ field propagation in nanospheres to obtain directional tunability and attosecond control of near-field-induced strong-field photoemission.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Süßmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - L Seiffert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - V Mondes
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Stierle
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Arbeiter
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - J Plenge
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - P Rupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - C Peltz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Res. Init., Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.,Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Res. Init., Pohang 790-784, South Korea
| | - C Graf
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Rühl
- Physical Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea.,J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, D-18051 Rostock, Germany
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30
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Ahn B, Kim J, Yoo CG, Kim YW, Han SK, Yim JJ. Changes in Diagnostic Methods for Pulmonary Tuberculosis between 2005 and 2013. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul) 2015; 78:227-31. [PMID: 26175776 PMCID: PMC4499590 DOI: 10.4046/trd.2015.78.3.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnostic methods for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) have recently advanced. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in TB diagnostic tests that prompted the initiation of anti-TB treatment over time in South Korea, an industrialized country with an intermediate TB burden. Methods Patients diagnosed with pulmonary TB in the first halves of 2005 and 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital were included. Diagnostic methods that prompted the initiation of anti-TB treatment were compared between the 2 groups of patients. Results A greater proportion of patients were diagnosed with pulmonary TB using bronchoscopy in 2013 than in 2005 (26.7% vs. 6.6%, respectively; p<0.001), while the proportion of patients clinically diagnosed with pulmonary TB was lower in 2013 than in 2005 (24.7% vs. 49.0%, respectively; p<0.001). Additionally, more patients started anti-TB treatment based on positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 2013 than in 2005 (47.3% vs. 7.9%, respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion The initiation of treatment for pulmonary TB in South Korea has become more frequently based on PCR and the use of bronchoscopic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ahn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohae Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Gyu Yoo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Whan Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Koo Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Joon Yim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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31
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Li H, Mignolet B, Wachter G, Skruszewicz S, Zherebtsov S, Süssmann F, Kessel A, Trushin SA, Kling NG, Kübel M, Ahn B, Kim D, Ben-Itzhak I, Cocke CL, Fennel T, Tiggesbäumker J, Meiwes-Broer KH, Lemell C, Burgdörfer J, Levine RD, Remacle F, Kling MF. Coherent electronic wave packet motion in C(60) controlled by the waveform and polarization of few-cycle laser fields. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:123004. [PMID: 25860740 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.123004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Strong laser fields can be used to trigger an ultrafast molecular response that involves electronic excitation and ionization dynamics. Here, we report on the experimental control of the spatial localization of the electronic excitation in the C_{60} fullerene exerted by an intense few-cycle (4 fs) pulse at 720 nm. The control is achieved by tailoring the carrier-envelope phase and the polarization of the laser pulse. We find that the maxima and minima of the photoemission-asymmetry parameter along the laser-polarization axis are synchronized with the localization of the coherent electronic wave packet at around the time of ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Li
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - B Mignolet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - G Wachter
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - S Skruszewicz
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - F Süssmann
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - A Kessel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - S A Trushin
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M Kübel
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
| | - B Ahn
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Physics Department, CASTECH, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
- Max Planck Center for Attosecond Science, Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - C L Cocke
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - T Fennel
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - J Tiggesbäumker
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - K-H Meiwes-Broer
- Institute of Physics, Universität Rostock, Rostock D-18051, Germany
| | - C Lemell
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
| | - J Burgdörfer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna A-1040, Austria
- Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (ATOMKI), Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - R D Levine
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - F Remacle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
| | - M F Kling
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching D-85748, Germany
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Garching D-85748, Germany
- J.R. MacDonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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Okada H, Butterfield L, Hamilton R, Ahn B, Kohanbash G, Drappatz J, Engh J, Amankulor N, Lively M, Chan M, Salazar A, Shaw E, Potter D, Lieberman F. IT-23 * INDUCTION OF ROBUST TYPE-1 CD8+ T-CELL RESPONSES IN WHO GRADE II LOW-GRADE GLIOMA PATIENTS RECEIVING PEPTIDE-BASED VACCINES IN COMBINATION WITH POLY-ICLC. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kohanbash G, Straw E, Averick A, Ahn B, Smith-Cohn M, Ohkuri T, Kosaka A, Okada H. IT-17 * ONO-AE3-208 INHIBITS MYELOID-DERIVED SUPPRESSOR CELLS AND GLIOMA GROWTH. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou258.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Lee S, Son S, Song B, Jeong S, Chae Y, Ahn B, Lee J. Whole-Body Metabolic Tumor Volume on F-18 Fdg Pet/Ct As a Prognostic Factor in Breast Cancer Patients with Distant Metastasis. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu329.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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35
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Hong C, Cho H, Lee D, Ahn B. SU-E-I-36: Investigation of Geometric Image Distortion Correction Using the Bricks Phantom for Multi-Modality Imaging. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4887984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Roberts BM, Frye GS, Ahn B, Ferreira LF, Judge AR. Cancer cachexia decreases specific force and accelerates fatigue in limb muscle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:488-92. [PMID: 23673294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a complex metabolic syndrome that is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and weakness, which compromises physical function, reduces quality of life, and ultimately can lead to mortality. Experimental models of cancer cachexia have recapitulated this skeletal muscle atrophy and consequent decline in muscle force generating capacity. However, more recently, we provided evidence that during severe cancer cachexia muscle weakness in the diaphragm muscle cannot be entirely accounted for by the muscle atrophy. This indicates that muscle weakness is not just a consequence of muscle atrophy but that there is also significant contractile dysfunction. The current study aimed to determine whether contractile dysfunction is also present in limb muscles during severe Colon-26 (C26) carcinoma cachexia by studying the glycolytic extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle and the oxidative soleus muscle, which has an activity pattern that more closely resembles the diaphragm. Severe C-26 cancer cachexia caused significant muscle fiber atrophy and a reduction in maximum absolute force in both the EDL and soleus muscles. However, normalization to muscle cross sectional area further demonstrated a 13% decrease in maximum isometric specific force in the EDL and an even greater decrease (17%) in maximum isometric specific force in the soleus. Time to peak tension and half relaxation time were also significantly slowed in both the EDL and the solei from C-26 mice compared to controls. Since, in addition to postural control, the oxidative soleus is also important for normal locomotion, we further performed a fatigue trial in the soleus and found that the decrease in relative force was greater and more rapid in solei from C-26 mice compared to controls. These data demonstrate that severe cancer cachexia causes profound muscle weakness that is not entirely explained by the muscle atrophy. In addition, cancer cachexia decreases the fatigue resistance of the soleus muscle, a postural muscle typically resistant to fatigue. Thus, specifically targeting contractile dysfunction represents an additional means to counter muscle weakness in cancer cachexia, in addition to targeting the prevention of muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Roberts
- 1225 Center Drive, HPNP Building Room 1142, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Chung EY, Kim BH, Lee IJ, Roh E, Oh SJ, Kwak JA, Lee YR, Ahn B, Nam SY, Han SB, Kim Y. The benzoxathiolone LYR-71 down-regulates interferon-gamma-inducible pro-inflammatory genes by uncoupling tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1 in macrophages. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 158:1971-81. [PMID: 19922538 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Benzoxathiolone derivatives have shown anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential in acne and psoriatic disorders. However, little is known about the molecular basis for these pharmacological effects. In this study, we decided to investigate the anti-inflammatory actions of a benzoxathiolone derivative LYR-71, 6-methyl-2-propylimino-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[1,3]oxathiol-4-one, in interferon (IFN)-gamma-activated macrophages. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RAW 264.7 macrophages or primary macrophages, derived from bone marrow of C3H/HeJ mice, were stimulated with IFN-gamma in the presence of LYR-71. Nitric oxide (NO) or chemokine production was measured by Griess reaction or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RAW 264.7 cells were used to examine the molecular mechanisms of LYR-71 in modulating IFN-gamma-induced inflammatory responses. KEY RESULTS LYR-71 down-regulated IFN-gamma-induced transcription of inducible NO synthase, IFN-gamma-inducible protein-10 and the monokine induced by IFN-gamma genes in macrophages. This effect was mediated by uncoupling tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 in response to IFN-gamma. LYR-71 directly inhibited the in vitro catalytic activity of Janus kinase (JAK)-2. Further, the inhibitory actions of LYR-71 on IFN-gamma-induced STAT-1 phosphorylation and NO production were consistently abolished in the presence of peroxyvanadate, implying another target dependent on protein tyrosine phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, LYR-71 could restrain IFN-gamma-induced inflammatory responses through uncoupling the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1, an activation index of JAK-STAT-1 signalling, in macrophages. These results may provide a molecular mechanism underlying anti-inflammatory actions shown by benzoxathiolone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Y Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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Dauch AL, Ahn B, Watson AK, Seguin P, Jabaji-Hare SH. Molecular Monitoring of Wild-Type and Genetically Engineered Colletotrichum coccodes Biocontrol Strains In Planta. Plant Dis 2006; 90:1504-1510. [PMID: 30780968 DOI: 10.1094/pd-90-1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two strains of Colletotrichum coccodes, the wild type (DAOM 183088) and T-20a, engineered with the necrosis- and ethylene-inducing peptide (NEP1) gene for hypervirulence on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti, Medik.), were monitored in planta for the first 2 weeks after infection. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) was used to assess the extent of colonization of both strains on velvetleaf using SYBR Green chemistry. Quantification of both strains was successful as soon as the conidia were sprayed on the leaves and up to 14 days after infection. The increase in fungal DNA amounts corroborated with the appearance of necrotic lesions on velvetleaf leaves infected with the wild-type strain. The wild-type C. coccodes was more efficient at infecting velvetleaf than the transgenic T-20a strain. In addition, detection of host DNA allowed us to quantitatively monitor the decrease in plant DNA amounts in response to wild-type strain infection. Expression of the NEP1 transgene by conventional retro-transcription (RT)-PCR was absent from T-20a growing on either V8 agar or in planta, suggesting that the gene may be silenced. The application of QPCR to monitor fungal growth was proven to detect the target organisms in planta prior to the appearance of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Dauch
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - B Ahn
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - A K Watson
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - P Seguin
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - S H Jabaji-Hare
- Department of Plant Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, H9X 3V9, Canada
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Nam KT, Oh SY, Ahn B, Kim YB, Jang DD, Yang KH, Hahm KB, Kim DY. Decreased Helicobacter pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase. Gut 2004; 53:1250-5. [PMID: 15306579 PMCID: PMC1774181 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2003.030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/26/2004] [Accepted: 02/19/2004] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Overproduction of nitric oxide via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is suggested to be a significant pathogenic factor in Helicobacter pylori induced gastritis. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of iNOS in H pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis. METHODS Two types of mice were used in this study: iNOS deficient mice (iNOS-/-) and wild-type littermates. Gastric cancer was generated in mice using a combination treatment comprising N-methyl-N-nitrosourea administration and H pylori infection. Fifty weeks after treatment, tumours in gastric tissues from both types of mice were examined using histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting for iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine. RESULTS The overall incidence of gastric cancer at week 50 was significantly lower in iNOS-/- compared with iNOS wild-type mice (p<0.05). When analysed according to tumour pathology, the incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma was significantly lower in iNOS-/- compared with iNOS wild-type mice (p<0.05). Immunostaining for iNOS was clearly observed in adenocarcinoma cells of iNOS wild-type mice, and was characterised by a strong cytoplasmic expression pattern. 3-Nitrotyrosine was expressed mostly in the area of the lamina propria of gastritis and adenoma lesions in iNOS wild-type mice. Immunoblotting analyses showed that iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine were also expressed in both adenoma and adenocarcinoma tissues from iNOS wild-type mice. iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine expression was greater in tumour tissues than in non-tumour tissues. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that iNOS contributes to H pylori associated gastric carcinogenesis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Nam
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the clinical efficacy of membrane tube implant made of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE, Gore-Tex) membrane and silicone tube in treating refractory glaucoma. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 43 eyes of 40 patients who underwent glaucoma tube shunt implant surgery using double layered e-PTFE membrane and silicone tube to treat refractory glaucoma. The surgeries were performed from May 1991 to September 1995, and the subjects were patients with terminal glaucoma without useful vision on the study eye. RESULTS The mean follow up period was 32.9 months. The Kaplan-Meier survival for intraocular pressure (IOP) control (IOP between 6 and 21mm Hg without significant complication) was 80.9% at 1 year, 73.9% at 2 years, and 62.2% at 3 years after surgery. After excluding three eyes of three patients who were dropped within 3 months after surgery and did not have any serious complication or problem in IOP control, the average preoperative IOP was 42.5 (SD 14.6) mm Hg and IOP on the last visit was 17.3 (10.2) mm Hg (p = 0.000, n = 40). The number of antiglaucoma medications before surgery (2.2 (0.6)) was reduced to 0.5 (0.8) on the last visit (p = 0.000). The IOP was controlled within the range of 6-21 mm Hg in 26 eyes (65.0%). In the remaining 14 eyes (35%), we could not control the IOP or additional surgery was needed to control the IOP or to treat severe complications. Two cases of endophthalmitis and three of phthisis were found as serious complications. The other complications were similar to those of other commercially available glaucoma implants. CONCLUSION A comparable clinical result was obtained with this new implant as with the other commercially available implants. This implant with a thin and non-rigid reservoir has a potential to reduce some complications associated with the large volume and rigid consistency of the other implants, although it is not yet proved. This membrane tube implant may be considered as another substitute in the surgery of refractory glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, South Korea.
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41
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Ahn B, Ohshima H. Suppression of intestinal polyposis in Apc(Min/+) mice by inhibiting nitric oxide production. Cancer Res 2001; 61:8357-60. [PMID: 11731407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was shown to be expressed in normal mucosa and adenoma of small and large intestines of Apc(Min/+) mice by reverse transcription-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Administration of the iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine (1.5 g/liter) in drinking water or an L-arginine-deficient diet to Apc(Min/+) mice resulted in a significant decrease in adenoma development in the small but not the large intestine. Similarly, iNOS-gene knockout Apc(Min/+) mice (Apc(Min/+) iNOS(-/-) or Apc(Min/+) iNOS(-/+)) developed significantly fewer adenomas in both small and large intestines than Apc(Min/+) iNOS(+/+) mice. These results suggest that iNOS-selective inhibitors could be used as a potential chemopreventive agent for colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahn
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704, Korea
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Kang JS, Kim DJ, Ahn B, Nam KT, Kim KS, Choi M, Jang DD. Post-initiation treatment of Indole-3-carbinol did not suppress N-methyl-N-nitrosourea induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Cancer Lett 2001; 169:147-54. [PMID: 11431103 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of cruciferous vegetables (the Family of Cruciferae) such as cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts has been shown to have cancer chemopreventive effects in humans and experimental animals. Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), one component of cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to exert cancer chemopreventive influence in liver, colon, and mammary tissue when given before or concurrent with exposure to a carcinogen. However in some reports, there has been evidence that consumption of I3C after carcinogen treatment might be associated with tumor promotion in some tissues. There have been no reports, to our knowledge, of post-initiation effects of I3C in the N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced mammary tumor model in rats. Our studies were performed to examine this question. Ninety-six, 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups. The animals of groups 1, 2 and 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of MNU at the age of 50 days. The animals of groups 4 and 5 were injected with saline only at the same time. Animals of groups 1 and 2 were given diet containing 100 ppm and 300 ppm I3C from week 1 until week 25 after MNU treatment. The animals of group 4 were given basal diet containing 300 ppm I3C without MNU treatment. All animals were killed at week 25. The incidences of mammary tumors in the groups 1, 2 and 3 were 95.8% (23/24), 83.3% (20/24) and 82.4% (28/34), respectively. The average number of tumors in the tumor bearing rats of the MNU and I3C 300 ppm group (group 2; 3.85+/-0.63) was higher than that in the MNU alone group (group 3; 2.46+/-0.31). These results represented that exposure to I3C after carcinogen treatment did not suppress development of mammary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kang
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Toxicology Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Nokbeon-dong, Eunpyung-gu, 122-704, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
Eight esters of 2-(1-hydroxyalkyl)-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone with melphalan were prepared and tested for their antitumor activity (S-180) and cytotoxicity. 2-[1-[4-(p-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-aminophenyl)-butanoyloxy]methyl]-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone and 2-[1-[4-(p-bis(2-chloroethyl)-aminophenyl)-butanoyloxy]ethyl]-1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone showed remarkable antitumor activity (T/C, 265 and 272%).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin, China
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Kim DJ, Kang JS, Ahn B, Kim KS, Park KH, Choi KS, Surh YJ, Kim ND. Chemopreventive effect of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP) on rat colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane (AOM). Cancer Lett 2001; 166:125-33. [PMID: 11311484 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An investigation was conducted to assess the chemopreventive effects of 2-(allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP), synthesized for potential use as a chemopreventive agent, after administration during the pre-initiation and post-initiation stages in a rat colon carcinogenesis model with azoxymethane (AOM). One hundred, 5-week-old, male F344 rats were randomly divided into two experiments (n = 50 each). Experiment 1 rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 rats were pre-treated with 2-AP (25 or 50 mg/kg body weight, 3 consecutive days through the route of intragastric intubations) before AOM (20 mg/kg body weight, single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection) initiation. Group 2 rats were treated with AOM alone. Group 3 rats were given 2-AP alone without AOM initiation. The animals were killed at the end of each experiment (week 5) and the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of the colonic mucosa were assessed after staining with methylene blue. Experiment 2 rats were randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 rats were given 2-AP (10, 25 or 50 mg/kg body weight, five-times intragastric intubations per week for 5 weeks from week 3) after AOM (15 mg/kg body weight, three s.c. injections) initiation for 2 weeks. Group 2 rats were treated with AOM alone. Group 3 rats were given 2-AP alone without AOM initiation. The animals were killed at the end of the experiment (week 8) and the ACF of the colonic mucosa were quantified. Total numbers of ACF/colon in Group 1 rats (pre-treated with 2-AP) tended to decrease (2-AP, 50 mg/kg body weight) or increase (2-AP, 100 mg/kg body weight) depending on the dose level. Total numbers of ACF/colon in Group 1 rats (treated with AOM followed by 2-AP, all subgroups; 160.8 +/- 38.0; 161.8 +/- 38.1; 137.1 +/- 48.4) were decreased significantly compared with the values in Group 2 rats (AOM alone; 214.8 +/- 48.1) (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The highest dose group (2-AP, 50 mg/kg body weight) had the lowest levels of total numbers of ACF/colon among the three subgroups. Total numbers of aberrant crypts (AC)/colon of the highest dose group (340.1+/- 117.9) decreased significantly compared with the value for Group 2 rats (AOM alone; 545.1 +/- 38.3). These results thus suggest that 2-AP may have potential as a chemopreventive agent against rat colon carcinogenesis after administration of AOM during the post-initiation stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Kim
- Structural BioInformatics and Cancer Prevention Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 48 Gaeshin-dong, Heungduk-gu, 361-763, Cheongju, South Korea.
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Jin SG, Choi JH, Ahn B, O'Connor TR, Mar W, Lee CS. Excision repair of adozelesin-N3 adenine adduct by 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases and UvrABC nuclease. Mol Cells 2001; 11:41-7. [PMID: 11266119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adozelesin is a synthetic analog of the antitumor antibiotic CC-1065, which alkylates the N3 of adenine in the minor groove in a sequence-selective manner. Since the cytotoxic potency of a DNA alkylating agent can be modulated by DNA excision repair system, we investigated whether nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER) enzymes are able to excise the bulky DNA adduct induced by adozelesin. The UvrABC nuclease and 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase, that exhibit a broad spectrum of substrate specificity, were selected as typical NER and BER enzymes, respectively. The adozelesin-DNA adduct was first formed in the radiolabeled restriction DNA fragment and its excision by purified repair enzymes was monitored on a DNA sequencing gel. The treatment of the DNA adduct with a purified UvrABC nuclease and sequencing gel analysis of cleaved DNA showed that UvrABC nuclease was able to incise the adozelesin adduct. The incision site corresponded to the general nuclease incision site. Excision of this adduct by 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases was determined following the treatment of the DNA adduct with a homogeneous recombinant bacterial, rat and human 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylases. Abasic sites generated by DNA glycosyalses were cleaved by the associated lyase activity of the E. coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg). Resolution of cleaved DNA on a sequencing gel showed that the DNA glycosylase from different sources could not release the N3-adenine adducts. A cytotoxicity assay using E. coli repair mutant strains showed that E. coli mutant strains defective in the uvrA gene were more sensitive to cell killing by adozelesin than E. coli mutant strain defective in the alkA gene or the wild type. These results suggest that the NER pathway seems to be the major excision repair system in protecting cells from the cytotoxicity of adozelesin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Yeungnam University, Kyongsan, Korea
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46
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Abstract
The dual-incision nature of the reaction of UV-irradiated DNA catalyzed by the UvrABC complex potentially leads to excision of a damaged fragment. However, neither fragment release under nondenaturing conditions nor the UvrBC proteins are turned over. The addition of the UvrD protein to the incised DNA-UvrBC complex results in excision of the incised damaged strand and in the turnover of the UvrC protein. In an effort to better understand the involvement of UvrD in the excision step, immunoprecipitation was used to detect interacting proteins with UvrD in the DNA repair. In this communication, it is shown that UvrA and UvrB are precipitated with UvrD in solution but the UvrAB complex is not. In the incision complex, UvrB could be precipitated and the preincubation of UvrD with UvrB revealed an inhibitory effect on the turnover of the incision complex. These data imply that UvrB in the incision complex seems to recruit UvrD to the 3' incised site of the incised strand by protein-protein interaction and to allow initiation of unwinding by UvrD from the resulting nick in a 3' to 5' direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahn
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Ulsan, Korea.
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47
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Kwon Y, Kang M, Ahn C, Han H, Ahn B, Lee J. Effect of high or low frequency electroacupuncture on the cellular activity of catecholaminergic neurons in the brain stem. ACUPUNCTURE ELECTRO 2000; 25:27-36. [PMID: 10830973 DOI: 10.3727/036012900816356235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the opioid system plays a pivotal role in the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture (EA), it has been suggested that other peptidergic systems also may be involved in the therapeutic effect of EA. Among several peptides for EA-induced analgesia, catecholamine (CA) is associated with the descending pain inhibitory system. We evaluated whether the different frequencies of EA modified the cellular activity of central CA synthesizing neurons using double labeling immunohistochemistry between Fos-like immunoreactive (FLI) neurons and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH)/tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons. We observed that different frequencies of EA increased the number of FLI neurons in catecholaminergic neurons, such as the dorsal raphe (DR), hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc), locus coeruleus (LC), A5 noradrenaline cells (A5), and A7 noradrenaline cells (A7). In addition, different frequencies of EA significantly increased the ratio of colocalization between FLI neurons and TH positive neurons in DR, LC and Arc. Only low frequency EA increased the neuronal activity in Arc. The ratio of double labeling between FLI and DBH positive neurons was also elevated at both LC and A5. These data demonstrate that different frequencies of EA increase the cellular activity of central CA synthesizing neurons, suggesting that the CA system plays an important role in EA-induced analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
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Abstract
Escherichia coli nucleotide excision repair (NER) is responsible for removing bulky DNA adducts by dual incisions of the UvrABC endonuclease. Although the activity of the UvrAB complex which can induce DNA conformational change is employed in NER, the involvement of DNA topology and DNA topoisomerases remains unclear. We examined the effect of topoisomerase inhibitions on a NER in vivo system. The repair analysis of intracellular plasmid revealed that the DNA damage on positive supercoils generated by gyrase inhibition remained unrepaired, whereas the DNA damage was repaired in topoisomerase I mutants. These results suggest that DNA topology affects the NER process and the removal of positive supercoils by gyrase is vital for the efficiency of the E. coli NER system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Park
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, University of Ulsan, Nam-Ku MooGeo-Dong, 680-749, Ulsan, South Korea
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Lee N, Ahn B, Jung SB, Kim YG, Kim H, Park WJ. Conformation-dependent antibody response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane proteins induced by immunization in humans. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 2000; 27:79-85. [PMID: 10617794 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2000.tb01415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of pathogenic bacteria have been used as protective antigens in developing bacterial vaccines. In the present study, we compared the antibody responses to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa OMP vaccine elicited in humans and rabbits by immunization. Immunization with the vaccine induced high titers of serum IgG antibody both in rabbits and humans but reactivities of the induced antibodies with the OMPs were different. The rabbit immune sera recognized most of the OMPs in the vaccine both in immunoblot and immunoprecipitation analyses. In contrast, a great variation in band pattern and intensity was observed among the human immune sera in immunoblot analysis, but not in immunoprecipitation analysis. Denaturation of the OMPs did not affect the binding activity of the rabbit immune sera as determined by ELISA, but substantially reduced those of the human immune sera and anti-OMP IgG purified from a pooled normal human plasma. These data suggest that antibody response to P. aeruginosa OMPs elicited by immunization in humans is mainly directed against discontinuous or conformation-dependent epitopes, which should be taken into account in developing vaccines, especially for OMP-derived synthetic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lee
- R and D Center of Bioscience, Institute of Science and Technology, Cheiljedang Corp., Ichon, Kyonggi, South Korea.
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Ahn B, Lee SS. Effect of microstructure of low carbon steels on ultrasonic attenuation. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 2000; 47:620-629. [PMID: 18238589 DOI: 10.1109/58.842049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ultrasonic attenuation in low carbon steel with 0.04 wt% C to 0.80 wt% C was measured over a frequency range of 5 to 15 MHz, and the effects of the carbon content and normalizing temperature were analyzed. In pure iron, the attenuation is determined from the average grain size, which increases as the normalizing temperature increases; there is a noticeable effect caused by a few large grains. In the case of the hypoeutectoid steels, the proeutectoid ferrite grain, the size of which depends on prior austenite grain size, acts as the main scatterer. The prior austenite grain size increases as the carbon content decreases and the normalizing temperature increases. The colony is responsible for scattering in the eutectoid steel; scattering by pearlite is greater than that by ferrite.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahn
- NDE Group, Korea Res. Inst. of Stand. and Sci., Taejon, Korea.
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