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Pencik J, Philippe C, Schlederer M, Atas E, Pecoraro M, Grund-Gröschke S, Li WJ, Tracz A, Heidegger I, Lagger S, Trachtová K, Oberhuber M, Heitzer E, Aksoy O, Neubauer HA, Wingelhofer B, Orlova A, Witzeneder N, Dillinger T, Redl E, Greiner G, D'Andrea D, Östman JR, Tangermann S, Hermanova I, Schäfer G, Sternberg F, Pohl EE, Sternberg C, Varady A, Horvath J, Stoiber D, Malcolm TI, Turner SD, Parkes EE, Hantusch B, Egger G, Rose-John S, Poli V, Jain S, Armstrong CWD, Hoermann G, Goffin V, Aberger F, Moriggl R, Carracedo A, McKinney C, Kennedy RD, Klocker H, Speicher MR, Tang DG, Moazzami AA, Heery DM, Hacker M, Kenner L. STAT3/LKB1 controls metastatic prostate cancer by regulating mTORC1/CREB pathway. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:133. [PMID: 37573301 PMCID: PMC10422794 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and fatal type of cancer in men. Metastatic PCa (mPCa) is a major factor contributing to its lethality, although the mechanisms remain poorly understood. PTEN is one of the most frequently deleted genes in mPCa. Here we show a frequent genomic co-deletion of PTEN and STAT3 in liquid biopsies of patients with mPCa. Loss of Stat3 in a Pten-null mouse prostate model leads to a reduction of LKB1/pAMPK with simultaneous activation of mTOR/CREB, resulting in metastatic disease. However, constitutive activation of Stat3 led to high LKB1/pAMPK levels and suppressed mTORC1/CREB pathway, preventing mPCa development. Metformin, one of the most widely prescribed therapeutics against type 2 diabetes, inhibits mTORC1 in liver and requires LKB1 to mediate glucose homeostasis. We find that metformin treatment of STAT3/AR-expressing PCa xenografts resulted in significantly reduced tumor growth accompanied by diminished mTORC1/CREB, AR and PSA levels. PCa xenografts with deletion of STAT3/AR nearly completely abrogated mTORC1/CREB inhibition mediated by metformin. Moreover, metformin treatment of PCa patients with high Gleason grade and type 2 diabetes resulted in undetectable mTORC1 levels and upregulated STAT3 expression. Furthermore, PCa patients with high CREB expression have worse clinical outcomes and a significantly increased risk of PCa relapse and metastatic recurrence. In summary, we have shown that STAT3 controls mPCa via LKB1/pAMPK/mTORC1/CREB signaling, which we have identified as a promising novel downstream target for the treatment of lethal mPCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pencik
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cecile Philippe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emine Atas
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università Della Svizzera Italiana, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Grund-Gröschke
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Amanda Tracz
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Isabel Heidegger
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sabine Lagger
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karolína Trachtová
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 60177, Brno, Czech Republic
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Osman Aksoy
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department for Basic and Translational Oncology and Hematology, Division Molecular Oncology and Hematology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Wingelhofer
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadine Witzeneder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Dillinger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Redl
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Greiner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - David D'Andrea
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johnny R Östman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Simone Tangermann
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivana Hermanova
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850, Derio, Spain
| | - Georg Schäfer
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Felix Sternberg
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elena E Pohl
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Biochemical Institute, University of Kiel, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Adam Varady
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jaqueline Horvath
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Microbiology, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, 3500, Krems, Austria
| | - Tim I Malcolm
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20QQ, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37DQ, UK
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valeria Poli
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Suneil Jain
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
| | - Chris W D Armstrong
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
| | | | - Vincent Goffin
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20850, Derio, Spain
| | - Cathal McKinney
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Richard D Kennedy
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT71NN, UK
- Almac Diagnostics, Craigavon, BT63 5QD, UK
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael R Speicher
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ali A Moazzami
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Unit for Pathology of Laboratory Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Brožová K, Hantusch B, Kenner L, Kratochwill K. Spatial Proteomics for the Molecular Characterization of Breast Cancer. Proteomes 2023; 11:17. [PMID: 37218922 PMCID: PMC10204503 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health issue, affecting a significant proportion of the female population and contributing to high rates of mortality. One of the primary challenges in the treatment of BC is the disease's heterogeneity, which can lead to ineffective therapies and poor patient outcomes. Spatial proteomics, which involves the study of protein localization within cells, offers a promising approach for understanding the biological processes that contribute to cellular heterogeneity within BC tissue. To fully leverage the potential of spatial proteomics, it is critical to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and to understand protein expression levels and modifications. The subcellular localization of proteins is a key factor in their physiological function, making the study of subcellular localization a major challenge in cell biology. Achieving high resolution at the cellular and subcellular level is essential for obtaining an accurate spatial distribution of proteins, which in turn can enable the application of proteomics in clinical research. In this review, we present a comparison of current methods of spatial proteomics in BC, including untargeted and targeted strategies. Untargeted strategies enable the detection and analysis of proteins and peptides without a predetermined molecular focus, whereas targeted strategies allow the investigation of a predefined set of proteins or peptides of interest, overcoming the limitations associated with the stochastic nature of untargeted proteomics. By directly comparing these methods, we aim to provide insights into their strengths and limitations and their potential applications in BC research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Brožová
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Molecular and Structural Preclinical Imaging, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH—Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Core Facility Proteomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Aksoy O, Hantusch B, Kenner L. Emerging role of T3-binding protein μ-crystallin (CRYM) in health and disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:804-816. [PMID: 36344381 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are essential metabolic and developmental regulators that exert a huge variety of effects in different organs. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) are synthesized in the thyroid gland and constitute unique iodine-containing hormones that are constantly regulated by a homeostatic feedback mechanism. T3/T4 activity in cells is mainly determined by specific transporters, cytosolic binding proteins, deiodinases (DIOs), and nuclear receptors. Modulation of intracellular T3/T4 level contributes to the maintenance of this regulatory feedback. μ-Crystallin (CRYM) is an important intracellular high-affinity T3-binding protein that buffers the amount of T3 freely available in the cytosol, thereby controlling its action. In this review, we focus on the molecular and pathological properties of CRYM in thyroid hormone signaling, with emphasis on its critical role in malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Aksoy
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria; Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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4
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Oberhuber M, Pecoraro M, Rusz M, Oberhuber G, Wieselberg M, Haslinger P, Gurnhofer E, Schlederer M, Limberger T, Lagger S, Pencik J, Kodajova P, Högler S, Stockmaier G, Grund‐Gröschke S, Aberger F, Bolis M, Theurillat J, Wiebringhaus R, Weiss T, Haitel A, Brehme M, Wadsak W, Griss J, Mohr T, Hofer A, Jäger A, Pollheimer J, Egger G, Koellensperger G, Mann M, Hantusch B, Kenner L. STAT3-dependent analysis reveals PDK4 as independent predictor of recurrence in prostate cancer. Mol Syst Biol 2020; 16:e9247. [PMID: 32323921 PMCID: PMC7178451 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20199247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a broad spectrum of clinical behavior; hence, biomarkers are urgently needed for risk stratification. Here, we aim to find potential biomarkers for risk stratification, by utilizing a gene co-expression network of transcriptomics data in addition to laser-microdissected proteomics from human and murine prostate FFPE samples. We show up-regulation of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in PCa on the transcriptomic level and up-regulation of the TCA cycle/OXPHOS on the proteomic level, which is inversely correlated to STAT3 expression. We hereby identify gene expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key regulator of the TCA cycle, as a promising independent prognostic marker in PCa. PDK4 predicts disease recurrence independent of diagnostic risk factors such as grading, staging, and PSA level. Therefore, low PDK4 is a promising marker for PCa with dismal prognosis.
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5
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Keller T, Kalt R, Raab I, Schachner H, Mayrhofer C, Kerjaschki D, Hantusch B. Selection of scFv Antibody Fragments Binding to Human Blood versus Lymphatic Endothelial Surface Antigens by Direct Cell Phage Display. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127169. [PMID: 25993332 PMCID: PMC4439027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of marker molecules specific for blood and lymphatic endothelium may provide new diagnostic tools and identify new targets for therapy of immune, microvascular and cancerous diseases. Here, we used a phage display library expressing human randomized single-chain Fv (scFv) antibodies for direct panning against live cultures of blood (BECs) and lymphatic (LECs) endothelial cells in solution. After six panning rounds, out of 944 sequenced antibody clones, we retrieved 166 unique/diverse scFv fragments, as indicated by the V-region sequences. Specificities of these phage clone antibodies for respective compartments were individually tested by direct cell ELISA, indicating that mainly pan-endothelial cell (EC) binders had been selected, but also revealing a subset of BEC-specific scFv antibodies. The specific staining pattern was recapitulated by twelve phage-independently expressed scFv antibodies. Binding capacity to BECs and LECs and differential staining of BEC versus LEC by a subset of eight scFv antibodies was confirmed by immunofluorescence staining. As one antigen, CD146 was identified by immunoprecipitation with phage-independent scFv fragment. This antibody, B6-11, specifically bound to recombinant CD146, and to native CD146 expressed by BECs, melanoma cells and blood vessels. Further, binding capacity of B6-11 to CD146 was fully retained after fusion to a mouse Fc portion, which enabled eukaryotic cell expression. Beyond visualization and diagnosis, this antibody might be used as a functional tool. Overall, our approach provided a method to select antibodies specific for endothelial surface determinants in their native configuration. We successfully selected antibodies that bind to antigens expressed on the human endothelial cell surfaces in situ, showing that BECs and LECs share a majority of surface antigens, which is complemented by cell-type specific, unique markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Keller
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Kalt
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Raab
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Corina Mayrhofer
- Institute for Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Haemmerle M, Keller T, Egger G, Schachner H, Steiner CW, Stokic D, Neumayer C, Brown MK, Kerjaschki D, Hantusch B. Enhanced lymph vessel density, remodeling, and inflammation are reflected by gene expression signatures in dermal lymphatic endothelial cells in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2013; 62:2509-29. [PMID: 23423575 PMCID: PMC3712036 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with microvascular damage that causes frequent infections in the skin and chronic ulcers as a result of impaired wound healing. To trace the pathological changes, we performed a comprehensive analysis of lymphatic vessels in the skin of type 2 diabetic versus nondiabetic patients. The dermis revealed enhanced lymphatic vessel density, and transcriptional profiling of ex vivo isolated lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) identified 160 genes differentially expressed between type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic LECs. Bioinformatic analysis of deregulated genes uncovered sets functionally related to inflammation, lymphatic vessel remodeling, lymphangiogenesis, and lipid and small molecule transport. Furthermore, we traced CD68(+) macrophage accumulation and concomitant upregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in type 2 diabetic skin. TNF-α treatment of LECs and its specific blockade in vitro reproduced differential regulation of a gene set that led to enhanced LEC mobility and macrophage attachment, which was mediated by the LEC-derived chemokine CXCL10. This study identifies lymph vessel gene signatures directly correlated with type 2 diabetes skin manifestations. In addition, we provide evidence for paracrine cross-talk fostering macrophage recruitment to LECs as one pathophysiological process that might contribute to aberrant lymphangiogenesis and persistent inflammation in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Haemmerle
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Keller
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerda Egger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Schachner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carl Walter Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dejan Stokic
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus K. Brown
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author: Brigitte Hantusch,
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Viola K, Kopf S, Huttary N, Vonach C, Kretschy N, Teichmann M, Giessrigl B, Raab I, Stary S, Krieger S, Keller T, Bauer S, Hantusch B, Szekeres T, de Martin R, Jäger W, Mikulits W, Dolznig H, Krupitza G, Grusch M. Bay11-7082 inhibits the disintegration of the lymphendothelial barrier triggered by MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids; the role of ICAM-1 and adhesion. Br J Cancer 2012; 108:564-9. [PMID: 23093227 PMCID: PMC3593529 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Many cancers spread through lymphatic routes, and mechanistic insights of tumour intravasation into the lymphatic vasculature and targets for intervention are limited. The major emphasis of research focuses currently on the molecular biology of tumour cells, while still little is known regarding the contribution of lymphatics. Methods: Breast cancer cell spheroids attached to lymphendothelial cell (LEC) monolayers were used to investigate the process of intravasation by measuring the areas of ‘circular chemorepellent-induced defects' (CCID), which can be considered as entry gates for bulky tumour intravasation. Aspects of tumour cell intravasation were furthermore studied by adhesion assay, and siRNA-mediated knockdown of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Replacing cancer spheroids with the CCID-triggering compound 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) facilitated western blot analyses of Bay11-7082- and baicalein-treated LECs. Results: Binding of LECs to MCF-7 spheroids, which is a prerequisite for CCID formation, was mediated by ICAM-1 expression, and this depended on NF-κB and correlated with the expression of the prometastatic factor S100A4. Simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB with Bay11-7082 and of arachidonate lipoxygenase (ALOX)-15 with baicalein prevented CCID formation additively. Conclusion: Two mechanisms contribute to CCID formation: ALOX15 via the generation of 12(S)-HETE by MCF-7 cells, which induces directional migration of LECs, and ICAM-1 in LECs under control of NF-κB, which facilitates adhesion of MCF-7 cells to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Viola
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kerjaschki D, Bago-Horvath Z, Rudas M, Sexl V, Schneckenleithner C, Wolbank S, Bartel G, Krieger S, Kalt R, Hantusch B, Keller T, Nagy-Bojarszky K, Huttary N, Raab I, Lackner K, Krautgasser K, Schachner H, Kaserer K, Rezar S, Madlener S, Vonach C, Davidovits A, Nosaka H, Hämmerle M, Viola K, Dolznig H, Schreiber M, Nader A, Mikulits W, Gnant M, Hirakawa S, Detmar M, Alitalo K, Nijman S, Offner F, Maier TJ, Steinhilber D, Krupitza G. Lipoxygenase mediates invasion of intrametastatic lymphatic vessels and propagates lymph node metastasis of human mammary carcinoma xenografts in mouse. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2000-12. [PMID: 21540548 DOI: 10.1172/jci44751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In individuals with mammary carcinoma, the most relevant prognostic predictor of distant organ metastasis and clinical outcome is the status of axillary lymph node metastasis. Metastases form initially in axillary sentinel lymph nodes and progress via connecting lymphatic vessels into postsentinel lymph nodes. However, the mechanisms of consecutive lymph node colonization are unknown. Through the analysis of human mammary carcinomas and their matching axillary lymph nodes, we show here that intrametastatic lymphatic vessels and bulk tumor cell invasion into these vessels highly correlate with formation of postsentinel metastasis. In an in vitro model of tumor bulk invasion, human mammary carcinoma cells caused circular defects in lymphatic endothelial monolayers. These circular defects were highly reminiscent of defects of the lymphovascular walls at sites of tumor invasion in vivo and were primarily generated by the tumor-derived arachidonic acid metabolite 12S-HETE following 15-lipoxygenase-1 (ALOX15) catalysis. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition and shRNA knockdown of ALOX15 each repressed formation of circular defects in vitro. Importantly, ALOX15 knockdown antagonized formation of lymph node metastasis in xenografted tumors. Furthermore, expression of lipoxygenase in human sentinel lymph node metastases correlated inversely with metastasis-free survival. These results provide evidence that lipoxygenase serves as a mediator of tumor cell invasion into lymphatic vessels and formation of lymph node metastasis in ductal mammary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Wallmann J, Proell M, Stepanoska T, Hantusch B, Pali-Schöll I, Thalhamer T, Thalhamer J, Jensen-Jarolim E, Hartl A. A mimotope gene encoding the major IgE epitope of allergen Phl p 5 for epitope-specific immunization. Immunol Lett 2008; 122:68-75. [PMID: 19111573 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A gene vaccine based on a mammalian expression vector containing the sequence of a peptide mimotope of Phl p 5 was constructed. To test whether mimotope gene vaccines can induce allergen-specific antibody responses via molecular mimicry, BALB/c mice were immunized using the mimotope construct with or without a tetanus toxin T-helper epitope. Moreover, intradermal injection was compared to epidermal application via gene gun immunization. Immunization with both mimotope gene constructs elicited allergen-specific antibody responses. As expected, gene gun bombardment induced a Th2-biased immune response, typically associated with IgG1 and IgE antibody production. In contrast, intradermal injection of the vaccine triggered IgG2a antibody expression without any detectable IgE levels, thus biasing the immune response towards Th1. In an RBL assay, mimotope-specific IgG antibodies were able to prevent cross-linking of allergen-specific IgE by Phl p 5. A construct coding for the complete Phl p 5 induced T-cell activation, IFN-gamma and IL-4 production. In contrast, the mimotope-DNA construct being devoid of allergen-specific T-cell epitopes had no capacity to activate allergen-specific T cells. Taken together, our data show that it is feasible to induce blocking IgG antibodies with a mimotope-DNA construct when applied intradermally. Thus the mimotope-DNA strategy has two advantages: (1) the avoidance of IgE induction and (2) the avoidance of triggering allergen-specific T-lymphocytes. We therefore suggest that mimotope gene vaccines are potential candidates for epitope-specific immunotherapy of type I allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wallmann
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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10
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Hantusch B, Jensen-Jarolim E. [From the allergen-recognition by antibodies to new therapeutic concepts]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2008; 158:13-8. [PMID: 18286245 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-007-0496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-linking of IgE antibodies through allergens is a basic event in type I allergy and leads to the immediate release of mediators like histamine, responsible for allergic symptoms like rhino-conjunctivitis or asthma. Critical for the binding of allergens to IgE are the IgE-epitopes, which represent a congregation of several amino acid residues often derived from different regions of the allergen. By means of the mimotope-technology, we isolated peptides from phage libraries, which were able to structurally mimic IgE-epitopes of the plant allergens Bet v 1 (birch) and Phl p 5a (timothy grass). Hence, these are candidates for an epitope-specific immunotherapy. In this mode of immunotherapy, it is the aim to induce IgG antibodies directed exclusively against the IgE-epitopes of allergens without induction of anaphylactogenic IgG species, and without the risk of anaphylaxis through cross-linking of IgE. Immunizing mice, we applied the mimotopes displayed on bacteriophages as well as on alternative carrier systems to enhance their antigenicity. With these systems it was possible to elicit an allergen-specific immune response, which was also accompanied by the appropriate T-cell help. Mimotopes resemble a promising concept for an epitope-tailored immunotherapy of allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Center für Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Medizinischen Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Vienna, Austria
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Szalai K, Knittelfelder R, Wallmann J, Untersmayr E, Hantusch B, Pali-Schöll I, Jensen-Jarolim E. F.7. Mimotopes Characterize B Cell Epitopes of Allergens and are New Tools for Specific Immunotherapy. Clin Immunol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jin C, Hantusch B, Hemmer W, Stadlmann J, Altmann F. Affinity of IgE and IgG against cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants on plant and insect glycoproteins. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 121:185-190.e2. [PMID: 17881041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 07/26/2007] [Accepted: 07/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) are probably the most widely occurring IgE epitopes. Approximately one fifth of patients with allergy develop IgE antibodies against such glycans. However, they appear to be of low clinical significance. OBJECTIVE We wanted to elucidate the reasons for this lack of clinical symptoms on contact with CCD allergens by determination of the binding affinities of patients' IgE and IgG antibodies. METHODS IgE and IgG against CCDs were affinity-purified from sera of selected patients. The binding affinity to defined glyco-epitopes was measured by surface plasmon resonance. RESULTS From a pool of CCD-positive sera, we isolated 0.1 and 25 microg CCD-specific IgE and IgG, respectively. The binding affinity of purified IgE antibodies to core alpha1,3-fucosylated glycans was in the 10(-10) mol/L range. The affinity was highest when both fucose and xylose were present, whereas xylosylation alone did not cause IgE binding. CCD-specific IgG exhibited a dissociation constant of approximately 10(-8) mol/L. IgG(4) amounted to only 20% of the CCD-specific IgG (as well as total IgG). CONCLUSION Low binding affinity of anti-CCD IgE cannot be the reason for the observed clinical insignificance of IgE against plant/insect glycan epitopes. Notably, the affinity of IgG to CCDs is higher than that to protein allergens, and it may therefore function as blocking antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Hantusch B, Kalt R, Krieger S, Puri C, Kerjaschki D. Sp1/Sp3 and DNA-methylation contribute to basal transcriptional activation of human podoplanin in MG63 versus Saos-2 osteoblastic cells. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:20. [PMID: 17343736 PMCID: PMC1828165 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Podoplanin is a membrane mucin that, among a series of tissues, is expressed on late osteoblasts and osteocytes. Since recent findings have focussed on podoplanin's potential role as a tumour progression factor, we aimed at identifying regulatory elements conferring PDPN promoter activity. Here, we characterized the molecular mechanism controlling basal PDPN transcription in human osteoblast-like MG63 versus Saos-2 cells. Results We cloned and sequenced 2056 nucleotides from the 5'-flanking region of the PDPN gene and a computational search revealed that the TATA and CAAT box-lacking promoter possesses features of a growth-related gene, such as a GC-rich 5' region and the presence of multiple putative Sp1, AP-4 and NF-1 sites. Reporter gene assays demonstrated a functional promoter in MG63 cells exhibiting 30-fold more activity than in Saos-2 cells. In vitro DNase I footprinting revealed eight protected regions flanked by DNaseI hypersensitive sites within the region bp -728 to -39 present in MG63, but not in Saos-2 cells. Among these regions, mutation and supershift electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) identified four Sp1/Sp3 binding sites and two binding sites for yet unknown transcription factors. Deletion studies demonstrated the functional importance of two Sp1/Sp3 sites for PDPN promoter activity. Overexpression of Sp1 and Sp3 independently increased the stimulatory effect of the promoter and podoplanin mRNA levels in MG63 and Saos-2 cells. In SL2 cells, Sp3 functioned as a repressor, while Sp1 and Sp3 acted positively synergistic. Weak PDPN promoter activity of Saos-2 cells correlated with low Sp1/Sp3 nuclear levels, which was confirmed by Sp1/Sp3 chromatin immunoprecipitations in vivo. Moreover, methylation-sensitive Southern blot analyses and bisulfite sequencing detected strong methylation of CpG sites upstream of bp -464 in MG63 cells, but hypomethylation of these sites in Saos-2 cells. Concomitantly, treatment with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azaCdR in combination with trichostatin A (TSA) downregulated podoplanin mRNA levels in MG63 cells, and region-specific in vitro methylation of the distal promoter suggested that DNA methylation rather enhanced than hindered PDPN transcription in both cell types. Conclusion These data establish that in human osteoblast-like MG63 cells, Sp1 and Sp3 stimulate basal PDPN transcription in a concerted, yet independent manner, whereas Saos-2 cells lack sufficient nuclear Sp protein amounts for transcriptional activation. Moreover, a highly methylated chromatin conformation of the distal promoter region confers cell-type specific podoplanin upregulation versus Saos-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Kalt
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sigurd Krieger
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Puri
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dontscho Kerjaschki
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Wicki A, Lehembre F, Wick N, Hantusch B, Kerjaschki D, Christofori G. Tumor invasion in the absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition: podoplanin-mediated remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. Cancer Cell 2006; 9:261-72. [PMID: 16616332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2005] [Revised: 12/21/2005] [Accepted: 03/10/2006] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The expression of podoplanin, a small mucin-like protein, is upregulated in the invasive front of a number of human carcinomas. We have investigated podoplanin function in cultured human breast cancer cells, in a mouse model of pancreatic beta cell carcinogenesis, and in human cancer biopsies. Our results indicate that podoplanin promotes tumor cell invasion in vitro and in vivo. Notably, the expression and subcellular localization of epithelial markers are unaltered, and mesenchymal markers are not induced in invasive podoplanin-expressing tumor cells. Rather, podoplanin induces collective cell migration by filopodia formation via the downregulation of the activities of small Rho family GTPases. In conclusion, podoplanin induces an alternative pathway of tumor cell invasion in the absence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wicki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Department of Clinical-Biological Sciences, Center of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Hantusch B, Knittelfelder R, Wallmann J, Krieger S, Szalai K, Untersmayr E, Vogel M, Stadler BM, Scheiner O, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Jensen-Jarolim E. Internal images: human anti-idiotypic Fab antibodies mimic the IgE epitopes of grass pollen allergen Phl p 5a. Mol Immunol 2006; 43:2180-7. [PMID: 16510185 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 01/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of anti-idiotypic antibodies in allergic disease is still poorly understood. According to Jerne, anti-idiotypic antibodies to IgE should represent internal images of an allergen. Our aim was to ultimately prove whether this hypothesis holds true in allergy. Here, we describe the selection of anti-idiotypic antibodies against Phl p 5a-specific IgE directly from the B-cell repertoire of a grass pollen allergic individual. METHODS Taking Phleum pratense grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 as a model, we selected anti-idiotypic antibodies against allergen-specific IgE directly from the B-cell repertoire of an allergic individual. We screened a combinatorial phage display library of human monovalent antibody heavy and light chain fragments (Fabs) with anti-Phl p 5a-IgE to identify and characterize Fabs with anti-idiotypic specificity. RESULTS Five different Fab clones with anti-idiotypic specificity for anti-Phl p 5a-IgE were identified. Their hypervariable regions revealed partial sequence homology with solvent accessible antigenic sites of Phl p 5a, which have been identified by our previous mimotope approach. Phagemid DNA derived from the phage clones was used to produce two soluble recombinant anti-idiotypic Fab clones in E. coli. As a proof of molecular mimicry, both Fabs induced anti-Phl p 5a-specific antibodies in immunized BALB/c mice. Molecular modeling of the heavy and light chain hypervariable loops of the anti-idiotypic Fabs illustrated structural similarity with dominant IgE epitopes of Phl p 5a. CONCLUSION In this straightforward phage technology approach, antibodies with anti-idiotypic specificities could be isolated from a human allergic's repertoire. As predicted by the immune network hypothesis, their hypervariable domains mimic IgE epitopes like internal images and, more importantly, induce allergen-specific immune responses in the absence of the allergen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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16
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Schöll I, Kalkura N, Shedziankova Y, Bergmann A, Verdino P, Knittelfelder R, Kopp T, Hantusch B, Betzel C, Dierks K, Scheiner O, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Keller W, Jensen-Jarolim E. Dimerization of the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 is important for its in vivo IgE-cross-linking potential in mice. J Immunol 2006; 175:6645-50. [PMID: 16272319 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.10.6645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In type I allergy, the cross-linking of membrane IgE on B lymphocytes and of cytophilic IgE on effector cells by their respective allergens are key events. For cross-linking two IgE molecules, allergens need at least two epitopes. On large molecules, these could be different epitopes in a multivalent, or identical epitopes in a symmetrical, fashion. However, the availability of epitopes may be limited on small allergens such as Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen. The present work analyzes whether dimerization is required for the cross-linking capacity of this allergen. In immunoblots, murine monoclonal and polyclonal human Bet v 1-specific Abs detected, besides a Bet v 1 monomer of 17 kDa, a dimer of 34 kDa. In dynamic light scattering, Bet v 1 appeared as dimers and even multimers, but a single condition could be defined where it behaved exclusively monomerically. Small-angle x-ray scattering of the monomeric and dimeric samples resulted in diagrams agreeing with the calculated models. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the structure of Bet v 1 was preserved under monomeric conditions. Skin tests in Bet v 1-allergic mice were positive with Bet v 1 dimer, but remained negative using the monomer. Furthermore, in contrast to dimeric Bet v 1, the monomer was less capable of activating murine memory B cells for IgE production in vivo. Our data indicate that the presentation of two identical epitopes by dimerized allergens is a precondition for cross-linking of IgE on mast cells and B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Schöll
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Jin C, Bencúrová M, Borth N, Ferko B, Jensen-Jarolim E, Altmann F, Hantusch B. Immunoglobulin G specifically binding plant N-glycans with high affinity could be generated in rabbits but not in mice. Glycobiology 2005; 16:349-57. [PMID: 16373330 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwj071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Xylosylated and core alpha1,3-fucosylated N-glycans from plants are immunogenic, and they play a still obscure role in allergy and in the field of plant-made protein pharmaceuticals. We immunized mice to generate monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding plant N-glycans specifically via the epitope containing either the xylose or the core alpha1,3-fucose residue. Splenocytes expressing N-glycan-specific antibodies derived from C57BL/6 mice previously immunized with plant glycoproteins were preselected by cell sorting to generate hybridoma lines producing specific antibodies. However, we obtained only mAbs unable to distinguish fucosylated from xylosylated N-glycans and reactive even with the pentasaccharide core Man3GlcNAc2. In contrast, immunization of rabbits yielded polyclonal sera selectively reactive with either fucosylated or xylosylated N-glycans. Purification of these sera using glyco-modified neoglycoproteins coupled to a chromatography matrix provided polyclonal sera suitable for affinity determination. Surface plasmon resonance measurements using sensor chips with immobilized glyco-modified transferrins revealed dissociation constants of around 10(-9) M. This unexpectedly high affinity of IgG antibodies toward carbohydrate epitopes has repercussions on our conception of the binding strength and significance of antiglycan IgE antibodies in allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applies Life Sciences (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria
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Untersmayr E, Szalai K, Riemer AB, Hemmer W, Swoboda I, Hantusch B, Schöll I, Spitzauer S, Scheiner O, Jarisch R, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mimotopes identify conformational epitopes on parvalbumin, the major fish allergen. Mol Immunol 2005; 43:1454-61. [PMID: 16150491 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin, the major fish allergen, is recognized by allergen-specific IgE of more than 90% of all fish-allergic patients. A detailed knowledge of allergenic structures is crucial for developing a vaccine inducing blocking antibodies specifically directed towards the IgE binding epitopes. In the present study we aimed to use the phage display technique to generate mimotopes, which mimic epitopes on parvalbumin. Parvalbumin-specific IgE was purified from sera of fish-allergic patients and used for screening of a constrained decamer phage library. After four rounds of biopanning using parvalbumin-specific IgE, five phage clones were selected which were specifically recognized by parvalbumin-specific IgE as well as IgG. DNA sequencing and peptide alignment revealed a high degree of sequence similarities between the mimotopes. Interestingly, on the surface of natural parvalbumin three regions could be defined by computational mimotope matching. In accordance, previously defined allergenic peptides of cod parvalbumin highlighted areas in close proximity or overlapping with the mimotope matching sites. From the presented data we conclude that our approach identified conformational epitopes of parvalbumin relevant for IgE and IgG binding. We suggest that these mimotopes are suitable candidates for an epitope-specific immunotherapy of fish-allergic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Untersmayr
- Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Riemer AB, Hantusch B, Sponer B, Kraml G, Hafner C, Zielinski CC, Scheiner O, Pehamberger H, Jensen-Jarolim E. High-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen mimotope immunizations induce antibodies recognizing melanoma cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2005; 54:677-84. [PMID: 15565329 PMCID: PMC11034292 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-004-0632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2004] [Accepted: 09/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Size and posttranslational modifications are obstacles in the recombinant expression of high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA). Creating a tumor antigen mimic via the phage display technology may be a means to overcome this problem for vaccine design. In this study, we aimed to generate an immunogenic epitope mimic of HMW-MAA. Therefore we screened a linear 9mer phage display peptide library, using the anti-HMW-MAA monoclonal antibody (mAb) 225.28S. This antibody mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and has already been used for anti-idiotype therapy trials. Fifteen peptides were selected by mAb 225.28S in the biopanning procedure. They share a consensus sequence, but show only partial homology to the amino acid sequence of the HMW-MAA core protein, indicating mimicry with a conformational epitope. One mimotope was chosen to be fused to albumin binding protein (ABP) as an immunogenic carrier. Immunoassays with 225.28S indicated that the mimotope fusion protein was folded correctly. Subsequently, the fusion protein was tested for immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. The induced anti-mimotope antibodies recognized HMW-MAA of 518A2 human melanoma cells, whereas sera of mice immunized with the carrier ABP alone showed no reactivity. These anti-mimotope antibodies were capable of inducing specific lysis of 518A2 melanoma cells in ADCC assays with murine effector cells. In conclusion, the presented data indicate that mimotopes fused to an immunogenic carrier are suitable tools to elicit epitope-specific anti-melanoma immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika B. Riemer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Sponer
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Kraml
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph C. Zielinski
- BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Otto Scheiner
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Pehamberger
- BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- BioLife Science GmbH, Vienna, Austria
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Hantusch B, Schöll I, Harwanegg C, Krieger S, Becker WM, Spitzauer S, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Jensen-Jarolim E. Affinity determinations of purified IgE and IgG antibodies against the major pollen allergens Phl p 5a and Bet v 1a: discrepancy between IgE and IgG binding strength. Immunol Lett 2005; 97:81-9. [PMID: 15626479 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 09/29/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibodies coexist in allergic individuals, but only IgE has anaphylactogenic capacity. This study aimed to determine the association, dissociation and equilibrium constants for the interaction of allergen-specific IgE and IgG with the major grass and birch pollen allergens Phl p 5a and Bet v 1a. We isolated specific IgE and IgG antibodies from pollen allergic patients' sera by a two-step affinity chromatography protocol and controlled the high purity in a recombinant allergen chip microarray. Surface plasmon resonance measurements of polyclonal IgE and IgG species revealed that their affinities diverge widely, being in the range of 10(-10) and 10(-11) M for IgE, but only 10(-6)-10(-7) M for IgG. Moreover, murine monoclonal IgG1 antibodies against the allergens showed affinities of 10(-7)-10(-8) M. Thus, we conclude from our data that even stringently affinity matured IgG cannot score the superior affinity of IgE antibodies to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Neubau AKH EB3Q, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Hantusch B, Krieger S, Untersmayr E, Schöll I, Knittelfelder R, Flicker S, Spitzauer S, Valenta R, Boltz-Nitulescu G, Scheiner O, Jensen-Jarolim E. Mapping of conformational IgE epitopes on Phl p 5a by using mimotopes from a phage display library. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004; 114:1294-300. [PMID: 15577826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phl p 5 represents a major allergen of timothy grass pollen (Phleum pratense). Detailed knowledge about the structures responsible for IgE binding would allow the design of a novel generation of allergy vaccines. OBJECTIVE We aimed to characterize the IgE epitopes of Phl p 5a using phage display combined with a molecular modeling approach. METHODS Phl p 5a-specific IgE from sera of patients with grass pollen allergy was used for screening of a random peptide phage library displaying constrained decamers. RESULTS Fifteen phage clones that shared sequence motifs and could be grouped into families were selected by using Phl p 5a-specific IgE. Peptide alignment with the solvent-accessible amino acids of Phl p 5a revealed 3 sequence sections with frequent hits of identical or similar amino acids. On the surface of Phl p 5a, these sections assembled in compact patches, most likely representing conformational IgE epitopes, whereas no matching clusters were found on the back sides of the 2 Phl p 5a halves. In surface plasmon resonance experiments, the high-affinity interaction between IgE and Phl p 5 could be competed by phage-displayed peptides up to 24%, indicating that they represent true epitope mimics (ie, mimotopes). Allergen-specific immunogenicity of the mimotopes was proved in Biozzi mice. CONCLUSION The selected mimotopes facilitated the localization of conformational IgE epitopes of Phl p 5. We suggest them to be suitable candidates for the development of an epitope-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Hantusch
- Department of Patophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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