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Pan CY, Bai WH, Sun MM, Wei SH, Zhou HF. [Optic atrophy in a patient with axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2A2A due to MFN2 gene mutations]. Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2023; 59:408-410. [PMID: 37151011 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112142-20220611-00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
A 27-year-old male patient had progressive vision loss in both eyes, which was mainly manifested by impaired ganglion cells in the macular area, accompanied by systemic muscle atrophy in limbs. A complete mitochondrial exon gene detection was performed. The final diagnosis was bilateral optic atrophy and axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2A2A caused by mutations of the MFN2 gene. There has been no effective treatment. Applications of nutrients to restore the mitochondrial function may alleviate the clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - W H Bai
- Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - M M Sun
- Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - S H Wei
- Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - H F Zhou
- Ophthalmology Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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2
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Pan CY, Lin WC. miR-TV: an interactive microRNA Target Viewer for microRNA and target gene expression interrogation for human cancer studies. Database (Oxford) 2020; 2020:5707334. [PMID: 31950188 PMCID: PMC6966094 DOI: 10.1093/database/baz148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified in many organisms, and they are essential for gene expression regulation in many critical cellular processes. The expression levels of these genes and miRNAs are closely associated with the progression of diseases such as cancers. Furthermore, survival analysis is a significant indicator for evaluating the criticality of these cellular processes in cancer progression. We established a web tool, miRNA Target Viewer (miR-TV), which integrates 5p-arm and 3p-arm miRNA expression profiles, mRNA target gene expression levels in healthy and cancer populations, and clinical data of cancer patients and their survival information. The developed miR-TV obtained miRNA-seq, mRNA-seq and clinical data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and potential miRNA target gene predictions from miRDB, targetScan and miRanda. The data presentation was implemented using the D3 javascript toolkit. The D3 toolkit is frequently used to provide an easy-to-use interactive interface. Our miR-TV provides a user-friendly and interactive interface, which can be beneficial for biomedical researchers to freely interrogate miRNA expression information and their potential target genes. We believe that such a data visualization bioinformatics tool is excellent for obtaining information from massive biological data. Database URL: http://mirtv.ibms.sinica.edu.tw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Tung KF, Pan CY, Chen CH, Lin WC. Top-ranked expressed gene transcripts of human protein-coding genes investigated with GTEx dataset. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16245. [PMID: 33004865 PMCID: PMC7530651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With considerable accumulation of RNA-Seq transcriptome data, we have extended our understanding about protein-coding gene transcript compositions. However, alternatively compounded patterns of human protein-coding gene transcripts would complicate gene expression data processing and interpretation. It is essential to exhaustively interrogate complex mRNA isoforms of protein-coding genes with an unified data resource. In order to investigate representative mRNA transcript isoforms to be utilized as transcriptome analysis references, we utilized GTEx data to establish a top-ranked transcript isoform expression data resource for human protein-coding genes. Distinctive tissue specific expression profiles and modulations could be observed for individual top-ranked transcripts of protein-coding genes. Protein-coding transcripts or genes do occupy much higher expression fraction in transcriptome data. In addition, top-ranked transcripts are the dominantly expressed ones in various normal tissues. Intriguingly, some of the top-ranked transcripts are noncoding splicing isoforms, which imply diverse gene regulation mechanisms. Comprehensive investigation on the tissue expression patterns of top-ranked transcript isoforms is crucial. Thus, we established a web tool to examine top-ranked transcript isoforms in various human normal tissue types, which provides concise transcript information and easy-to-use graphical user interfaces. Investigation of top-ranked transcript isoforms would contribute understanding on the functional significance of distinctive alternatively spliced transcript isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Feng Tung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hsu PI, Pan CY, Kao JY, Tsay FW, Peng NJ, Kao SS, Chen YH, Tsai TJ, Wu DC, Tsai KW. Short-term and long-term impacts of Helicobacter pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy on the gut microbiota. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:1968-1976. [PMID: 31115933 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Anti-Helicobacter pylori therapy may lead to the growth of pathogenic or antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the gut. The study aimed to investigate the short-term and long-term impacts of H. pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy on the components and macrolide resistance of the gut microbiota. METHODS Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis patients were administered a 14-day reverse hybrid therapy. Fecal samples were collected before treatment and at the end of week 2, week 8, and week 48. The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in fecal specimens was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced on Illumina MiSeq platform. Additionally, amplification of erm(B) gene (encoding erythromycin resistance methylase) was performed. RESULTS Reverse hybrid therapy resulted in decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes (from 62.0% to 30.7%; P < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (from 3.4% to 0.6%; 0.032) at the end of therapy. In contrast, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria increased from 10.2% to 49.1% (0.002). These microbiota alterations did not persist but returned to the initial levels at week 8 and week 48. The amount of erm(B) gene in fecal specimens was comparable with the pretreatment level at week 2 but increased at week 8 (0.025) and then returned to the pretreatment level by week 48. CONCLUSIONS Helicobacter pylori eradication with reverse hybrid therapy can lead to short-term gut dysbiosis. The amount of erm(B) gene in the stool increased transiently after treatment and returned to the pretreatment level at 1-year post-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Academia Sinica, National Yang-Ming University and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Feng-Woei Tsay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Jing Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Shuo Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Hua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jiun Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li SC, Huang LH, Chien KJ, Pan CY, Lin PH, Lin Y, Weng KP, Tsai KW. MiR-182-5p enhances in vitro neutrophil infiltration in Kawasaki disease. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e990. [PMID: 31605468 PMCID: PMC6900372 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kawasaki disease (KD) patients could develop coronary artery lesion (CAL) which threatens children's life. A previous study identified KD biomarker miRNAs that could discriminate KD patients from febrile non‐KD patients. We wonder whether these KD prediction biomarkers could be further applied to predict CAL formation in KD patients. Methods To examine this hypothesis, we conducted a meta‐analysis, miRNA mimic transfection, in vitro cell model and microarray assays. Results We first showed that miR‐182‐5p and miR‐183‐5p kept higher levels in the KD patients with CAL than those without CAL (p < .05). Further machine learning alignment confirmed that CAL formation could be predicted, with an auROC value of 0.86. We further treated neutrophil cells with miR‐182‐5p mimic, followed by in vitro transendotherial migration assay. As a result, miR‐182‐5p overexpression significantly (p < .05) enhanced neutrophil cells to infiltrate the endothelial layer composed of human coronary artery endothelium cells. Further microarray assay and pathway enrichment analysis showed that the genes activated with miR‐182‐5p overexpression were significantly enriched in the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway (kegg_pathway_194, p < .05). Conclusion Therefore, our study suggested that miR‐182‐5p enhanced in vitro leukocyte infiltration by activating the leukocyte transendothelial migration pathway in CAL formation in KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chou Li
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hung Huang
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Jen Chien
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Academia Sinica and Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsien Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuyu Lin
- Genomics and Proteomics Core Laboratory, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ken-Pen Weng
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chen CH, Pan CY, Lin WC. Overlapping protein-coding genes in human genome and their coincidental expression in tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13377. [PMID: 31527706 PMCID: PMC6746723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49802-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The completion of human genome sequences and the advancement of next-generation sequencing technologies have engendered a clear understanding of all human genes. Overlapping genes are usually observed in compact genomes, such as those of bacteria and viruses. Notably, overlapping protein-coding genes do exist in human genome sequences. Accordingly, we used the current Ensembl gene annotations to identify overlapping human protein-coding genes. We analysed 19,200 well-annotated protein-coding genes and determined that 4,951 protein-coding genes overlapped with their adjacent genes. Approximately a quarter of all human protein-coding genes were overlapping genes. We observed different clusters of overlapping protein-coding genes, ranging from two genes (paired overlapping genes) to 22 genes. We also divided the paired overlapping protein-coding gene groups into four subtypes. We found that the divergent overlapping gene subtype had a stronger expression association than did the subtypes of 5'-tandem overlapping and 3'-tandem overlapping genes. The majority of paired overlapping genes exhibited comparable coincidental tissue expression profiles; however, a few overlapping gene pairs displayed distinctive tissue expression association patterns. In summary, we have carefully examined the genomic features and distributions about human overlapping protein-coding genes and found coincidental expression in tissues for most overlapping protein-coding genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsin Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C.. .,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan R.O.C..
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Hsu PI, Pan CY, Kao JY, Tsay FW, Peng NJ, Kao SS, Wang HM, Tsai TJ, Wu DC, Chen CL, Tsai KW. Helicobacter pylori eradication with bismuth quadruple therapy leads to dysbiosis of gut microbiota with an increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and decreased relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12498. [PMID: 29897654 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bismuth quadruple therapy is the treatment of choice for the first-line therapy of Helicobacter pylori infection in areas of high clarithromycin resistance. Currently, the impact of the promising treatment on gut microbiota remains unclear. AIM To investigate the short-term and long-term impacts of bismuth quadruple therapy on gut microbiota. METHODS Adult patients with H. pylori-related gastritis were treated with 14-day bismuth quadruple therapy. Fecal samples were collected before treatment at week 2, week 8, and week 48. Nucleic acid extraction from fecal samples was performed. The V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced with the MiSeq followed by data analysis using Qiime pipeline. RESULTS Eleven patients received complete follow-up. Before treatment, the most abundant phyla were Firmicutes (45.3%), Bacteroidetes (24.3%), Proteobacteria (9.9%), and Actinobacteria (5.0%). At the end of bismuth therapy, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria decreased to 0.5% (P < .001) and 1.3% (P = .038), respectively. Additionally, the relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia also decreased from 3.2% to 1.11E-3% (P = .034). In contrast, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria increased (P < .001 and P = .003, respectively). At week 8, the relative abundances of all phyla restored to the levels at baseline. The relative abundances of all phyla at week 48 also did not significantly differ from those at baseline. During eradication therapy, 6 patients (55%) reported at least 1 adverse event. The relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria in patients with adverse effects was more than that in patients without adverse effects (68.7% ± 8.8% vs 43.4% ± 25.5%; P = .048). CONCLUSIONS Bismuth quadruple therapy for H. pylori eradication can lead to short-term dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The increase in Proteobacteria in gut microbiota may attribute to the development of adverse effects during bismuth quadruple therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-I Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Y Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Feng-Woei Tsay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Jing Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Shuo Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huay-Min Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Jiun Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Lin Chen
- Department of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wang Tsai
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Li LL, Zhao L, Dou JT, Yang GQ, Gu WJ, Lü ZH, Ba JM, Mu YM, Lu JM, Pan CY. [Surgery versus conservative management for subclinical Cushing's syndrome in adrenal incidentalomas]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:3152-3157. [PMID: 29081161 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.40.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the effect of the surgical and conservative approaches on the metabolic profiles in patients with subclinical Cushing's syndrome (SCS) in adrenal incidentalomas (AI). Methods: A hundred and thirty AI patients with SCS in Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital between January 2008 and December 2016 were studied, surgery was performed in 88 patients (surgical group), and the rest received conservative approach (conservative group). The improvement/worsening of blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles and body weight after a duration of >18 months follow-up were analyzed, respectively. Results: Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics were similar between surgical and conservative groups. In the surgical group, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles and body weight improved more frequently than that in conservative group (29.69% vs 3.12%, P=0.003; 10.94% vs 3.12%, P=0.262; 7.81% vs 3.12%, P=0.660; 39.06% vs 9.38%, P=0.004, respectively). In conservative group, blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profiles and body weight worsened more frequently than that in surgical group (28.13% vs 0, P<0.001; 25.0% vs 0, P<0.001; 18.75% vs 0, P=0.003; 40.62% vs 20.31%, P=0.051, respectively). Logistic regression analysis indicated surgical treatment was associated with improvement of blood pressure (OR=10.687, 95%CI: 1.279-89.299) and weight loss (OR=5.541, 95%CI: 1.404-21.872) independently of gender, age, duration of follow-up, serum cortisol level after 1 mg-dexamethasone suppression test and the mass size. Conclusion: In AI patients with SCS, surgery was beneficial in the aspect of metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Li
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - L Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, PLA Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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Mu YM, Guo LX, Li L, Li YM, Xu XJ, Li QM, Xu MT, Zhu LY, Yuan GY, Liu Y, Xu C, Wang ZJ, Shen FX, Luo Y, Liu JY, Li QF, Wang WH, Lai XY, Xu HF, Pan CY. [The efficacy and safety of insulin degludec versus insulin glargine in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes: results of a Chinese cohort from a multinational randomized controlled trial]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2017; 56:660-666. [PMID: 28870034 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of insulin degludec (IDeg) with those of insulin glargine (IGlar) in insulin-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: This was a 26-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, treat-to-target trial in 560 Chinese subjects with T2DM (men/women: 274/263, mean age 56 years, mean diabetes duration 7 years) inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). Subjects were randomized 2∶1 to once-daily IDeg (373 subjects) or IGlar(187 subjects), both in combination with metformin. The primary endpoint was changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) after 26 weeks. Results: Mean HbA1c decreased from 8.2% in both groups to 6.9% in IDeg and 7.0% in IGlar, respectively. Estimated treatment difference (ETD) of IDeg-IGlar in change from baseline was -0.10% points (95%CI-0.25-0.05). The proportion of subjects achieving HbA1c<7.0% was 56.3%and 49.7% with IDeg and IGlar, respectively [estimated odds ratio of IDeg/IGlar: 1.26(95%CI 0.88-1.82)]. Numerically lower rateof overall confirmed hypoglycaemia and statistically significantly lower nocturnal confirmed hypoglycemia were associated with IDeg compared with IGlar, respectively [estimated rateratio of IDeg/IGlar 0.69(95%CI 0.46-1.03), and 0.43(95%CI 0.19-0.97)]. No differences in other safety parameters were found between the two groups. Conclusions: IDeg was non-inferior to IGlar in terms of glycaemic control, and was associated with a statistically significantly lower rate of nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia. IDeg is considered to be suitable for initiating insulin therapy in Chinese T2DM patients on OADs requiring intensified treatment. Clinical trail registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01849289.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - C Y Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Kao HW, Pan CY, Lai CH, Wu CW, Fang WL, Huang KH, Lin WC. Urine miR-21-5p as a potential non-invasive biomarker for gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56389-56397. [PMID: 28915598 PMCID: PMC5593569 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many reports have implicated that microRNAs involve in cancer development and progression, such as miR-155 in breast cancers and miR-196 in gastric cancers. Furthermore, microRNAs are more stable than typical protein-coding gene mRNAs in varieties of clinical samples including body fluids. This suggests that they are potentially valuable biomarkers for cancer monitoring. In this study, we have used urine samples of gastric cancer patients to demonstrate the feasibility of urine microRNAs for gastric cancer detection. Urine samples of gastric cancer patients were extracted for total RNA, which were examined for the expression of miR-21-5p using quantitative stem-loop PCR. Our results demonstrated that miR-21-5p could be detected in small amounts of urine samples with good stability, and the expression levels of miR-21-5p were reduced following surgical removal of gastric cancer tissues. These results implicate that urine miR-21-5p could be utilized as a novel non-invasive biomarker of gastric cancer detection and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chew-Wun Wu
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Liang Fang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hung Huang
- Department of Surgery, Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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He BL, Xu N, Li YL, Pan CY, Cao R, Liao LB, Yin CX, Lan YQ, Lu ZY, Huang JX, Zhou HS, Liu QF, Liu XL. [Clinical analysis of adult Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia with p16 gene deletion]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:204-209. [PMID: 28395443 PMCID: PMC7348375 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
目的 探讨p16基因缺失在成人Ph染色体阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ ALL)中的临床意义。 方法 回顾性分析80例Ph+ALL伴p16基因缺失患者的临床特征、免疫表型、细胞遗传学、分子生物学改变及其预后。 结果 31.3% Ph+ALL患者合并p16基因缺失;p16基因缺失组与非缺失组相比,初诊时高白细胞计数(WBC≥30×109/L)更常见,高表达CD20,更易出现附加染色体异常,其中以累及7、8、19号染色体以及der(22)较为常见;两组诱导缓解率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.033),p16基因缺失组患者治疗3个疗程后获BCR-ABL融合基因主要分子学反应(MMR)率和完全分子学反应(CMR)率均明显低于非缺失组(P值分别为0.034和0.036),且复发率明显高于非缺失组(P=0.033);p16基因缺失组使用伊马替尼联合化疗者和使用达沙替尼联合化疗者的MMR、CMR率及复发率差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);p16基因缺失组患者3年总体生存(OS)率及无病生存(DFS)率分别为37.1%和12.4%,显著低于非缺失组的54.1%和45.9%(P值分别为0.037和0.026);25例p16基因缺失患者中14例行异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT),其中位OS时间为21个月,明显长于非移植组患者的12个月(P=0.030)。 结论 成人Ph+ALL伴p16基因缺失患者预后相对较差,二代酪氨酸激酶抑制剂不能明显改善其疗效,但allo-HSCT能够改善部分患者的生存,明确p16基因缺失状态对于评估预后和指导临床治疗有重要意义。
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Affiliation(s)
- B L He
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Pan CY, Xu N, He BL, Cao R, Liao LB, Yin CX, Lan YQ, Lu ZY, Huang JX, Sun J, Feng R, Liu QF, Liu XL. [Clinical significance of cytogenetic monitoring in chronic myeloid leukemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:112-117. [PMID: 28279034 PMCID: PMC7354167 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the association of cytogenetic abnormalities with the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients in tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) era. Methods: Karyotype analysis of chromosome G-banding was carried out in 387 newly diagnosed CML patients by short-term culture of bone marrow cells. The correlation of cytogenetic abnormalities and CML progression was explored in combination with ABL tyrosine point mutations. Result: Of 387 patients with positive BCR-ABL fusion gene assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, 94.1% (364/387) patients were Ph positive and 5.9% (23/387) Ph negative; 320 patients (87.9%) had a translocation t (9;22) (q34;q11) and 5 (1.4%) a variant translocation t (v;22) . Additional cytogenetic aberrations (ACA) at diagnosis were found in 10.7% (39/387) Ph(+) patients, major route ACA in 22 (56.4%) cases and minor route ACA in 15 (38.5%) cases and 2 patients (5.1%) lacked the Y chromosome (-Y) ; 23.4% (71/303) patients occurred ACA during TKI treatment and the most frequent abnormalities were abnormal chromosome numbersd, which were likely associated with high proportion of disease progression (χ(2)=168.21, P<0.001) and ABL tyrosine point mutations (χ(2)=29.04, P<0.001) . Newly diagnosed CML-CP patients with t (9;22) (q34;q11) had a longer event-free survival (EFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates than that of patients with ACA (P=0.037; P=0.003) , while the overall survival (OS) had no significant differences (P=0.209) . As for CML-CP patients that occurred ACA during TKI therapy would have a marked low OS, EFS and DFS (all P<0.001) compared with no ACA occurred patients. Survival of advanced patients that occurred ACA were dramatically reduced. Conclusion: ACA often emerged during the disease progress in CML patients, regular and timely detection of chromosomes karyotype and ABL tyrosine point mutations during TKI treatment was important for therapeutic evaluation, progress and prognosis of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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13
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Huang YW, Pan CY, Hsiao YY, Chao TC, Lee CC, Tung CJ. Monte Carlo simulations of the relative biological effectiveness for DNA double strand breaks from 300 MeV u(-1) carbon-ion beams. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:5995-6012. [PMID: 26183156 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/15/5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo simulations are used to calculate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 300 MeV u(-1) carbon-ion beams at different depths in a cylindrical water phantom of 10 cm radius and 30 cm long. RBE values for the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSB), a biological endpoint closely related to cell inactivation, are estimated for monoenergetic and energy-modulated carbon ion beams. Individual contributions to the RBE from primary ions and secondary nuclear fragments are simulated separately. These simulations are based on a multi-scale modelling approach by first applying the FLUKA (version 2011.2.17) transport code to estimate the absorbed doses and fluence energy spectra, then using the MCDS (version 3.10A) damage code for DSB yields. The approach is efficient since it separates the non-stochastic dosimetry problem from the stochastic DNA damage problem. The MCDS code predicts the major trends of the DSB yields from detailed track structure simulations. It is found that, as depth is increasing, RBE values increase slowly from the entrance depth to the plateau region and change substantially in the Bragg peak region. RBE values reach their maxima at the distal edge of the Bragg peak. Beyond this edge, contributions to RBE are entirely from nuclear fragments. Maximum RBE values at the distal edges of the Bragg peak and the spread-out Bragg peak are, respectively, 3.0 and 2.8. The present approach has the flexibility to weight RBE contributions from different DSB classes, i.e. DSB0, DSB+ and DSB++.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Chang CF, Zhao WM, Mei JX, Zhou Y, Pan CY, Xu TT, Xu CS. Branches of NF-κb signaling pathway regulate hepatocyte proliferation in rat liver regeneration. Genet Mol Res 2015. [PMID: 26214444 DOI: 10.4238/2015.july.13.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway is involved in promoting cell proliferation. To further explore the regulatory branches and their sequence in the NF-κB pathway in the promotion of hepatocyte proliferation at the transcriptional level during rat liver regeneration, Rat Genome 230 2.0 array was used to detect the expression changes of the isolated hepatocytes. We found that many genes involved in the NF-κB pathway (including 73 known genes and 19 homologous genes) and cell proliferation (including 484 genes and 104 homologous genes) were associated with liver regeneration. Expression profile function (Ep) was used to analyze the biological processes. It was revealed that the NF-κB pathway promoted hepatocyte proliferation through three branches. Several methods of integrated statistics were applied to extract and screen key genes in liver regeneration, and it indicated that eight genes may play a vital role in rat liver regeneration. To confirm the above predicted results, Ccnd1, Jun and Myc were analyzed using qRT-PCR, and the results were generally consistent with that of microarray data. It is concluded that 3 branches and 8 key genes involved in the NF-κB pathway regulate hepatocyte proliferation during rat liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - W M Zhao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - J X Mei
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Y Zhou
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - C Y Pan
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - T T Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - C S Xu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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Rong XJ, Xu YJ, Wang QY, Liao MJ, Liu XZ, Pan CY, Zhang Z, Wang YG. Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Coilia ectenes. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:6011-7. [PMID: 24338395 DOI: 10.4238/2013.november.26.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coilia ectenes (Jordan and Seale 1905) is an important anadromous species that is an important resource at risk of extinction because of over-fishing, pollution, and coastal construction. To evaluate the genetic diversity of C. ectenes for use in breeding programs, elite microsatellite-enriched libraries were constructed and novel microsatellite markers were developed, and applied to genetically detect wild populations. Out of 92 randomly selected and sequenced clones, 89 contained a CA or GA repeat motif. Twenty-two pairs of primers were designed to investigate the polymorphism and genetic structure of a wild population collected from the Yellow River estuary, China. It was found that 2 loci were monomorphic and 20 loci were polymorphic. The number of alleles per polymorphic loci ranged from 3 to 13, with an average of 7.9. The expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.05 to 0.89, with an average of 0.68. The isolated polymorphic markers are expected to be of use in future genetic breeding programs for C. ectenes, and in the assessment of genetic variation within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- X J Rong
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Khunti K, Damci T, Meneghini L, Pan CY, Yale JF. Study of Once Daily Levemir (SOLVE™): insights into the timing of insulin initiation in people with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in routine clinical practice. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:654-61. [PMID: 22443213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01602.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this analysis is to determine the timing of insulin initiation in routine clinical practice, especially in relation to glycaemic control and use of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs). METHODS Study of Once Daily Levemir was a 24-week international observational study involving 10 countries which evaluated the safety and effectiveness of initiating once-daily insulin detemir in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) being treated with one or more OADs (clinical trial number NCT00825643 and NCT00740519). RESULTS A total of 17 374 participants were enrolled in the study: aged 62 ± 12 years, 53% male, T2DM duration 10 ± 7 years, body mass index 29.3 ± 5.4 kg/m(2) . Pre-insulin HbA1c was 8.9 ± 1.6%. The proportion of patients with HbA1c ≥9.0% ranged from 64% (UK) to 23% (Poland). Pre-insulin OAD treatment included metformin (81%), sulphonylureas (59%), glinides (16%), thiazolidinediones (TZD) (12%), α-glucosidase inhibitors (12%) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-IV inhibitors (7%). The mean starting dose of insulin detemir for the total cohort was 0.16 ± 0.09 U/kg. Differences in OAD use and insulin doses at initiation were evident among participating countries. The largest proportional changes in OAD prescribing at insulin initiation were seen with glinides (+15%), sulphonylureas (-19%), TZD (-31%) and DPP-IV inhibitors (-28%). CONCLUSIONS Despite well-documented benefits of timely glycaemic control and consensus guidelines encouraging earlier use of insulin, considerable clinical inertia exists with respect to initiating appropriate insulin therapy in people with T2DM. Considerable regional differences exist in the timing of insulin initiation and in the use of OADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Khunti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, 4301 Connecticut Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA.
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Lin WD, Liao YY, Yang TJ, Pan CY, Buckhout TJ, Schmidt W. Coexpression-based clustering of Arabidopsis root genes predicts functional modules in early phosphate deficiency signaling. Plant Physiol 2011; 155:1383-402. [PMID: 21248074 PMCID: PMC3046593 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.166520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) deficiency triggers the differential expression of a large set of genes, which communally adapt the plant to low Pi bioavailability. To infer functional modules in early transcriptional responses to Pi deficiency, we conducted time-course microarray experiments and subsequent coexpression-based clustering of Pi-responsive genes by pairwise comparison of genes against a customized database. Three major clusters, enriched in genes putatively functioning in transcriptional regulation, root hair formation, and developmental adaptations, were predicted from this analysis. Validation of gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR revealed that transcripts from randomly selected genes were robustly induced within the first hour after transfer to Pi-deplete medium. Pectin-related processes were among the earliest and most robust responses to Pi deficiency, indicating that cell wall alterations are critical in the early transcriptional response to Pi deficiency. Phenotypical analysis of homozygous mutants defective in the expression of genes from the root hair cluster revealed eight novel genes involved in Pi deficiency-induced root hair elongation. The plants responded rapidly to Pi deficiency by the induction of a subset of transcription factors, followed by a repression of genes involved in cell wall alterations. The combined results provide a novel, integrated view at a systems level of the root responses that acclimate Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to suboptimal Pi levels.
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Liang CY, Hsu PH, Chou DF, Pan CY, Wang LC, Huang WC, Tsai MD, Lo WS. The histone H3K36 demethylase Rph1/KDM4 regulates the expression of the photoreactivation gene PHR1. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:4151-65. [PMID: 21296759 PMCID: PMC3105397 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of histone methylation have emerged as an important issue since the identification of histone demethylases. We studied the regulatory function of Rph1/KDM4 (lysine demethylase), a histone H3K36 demethylase, on transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Overexpression of Rph1 reduced the expression of PHR1 and increased UV sensitivity. The catalytically deficient mutant (H235A) of Rph1 diminished the repressive transcriptional effect on PHR1 expression, which indicates that histone demethylase activity contributes to transcriptional repression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that Rph1 was associated at the upstream repression sequence of PHR1 through zinc-finger domains and was dissociated after UV irradiation. Notably, overexpression of Rph1 and H3K36A mutant reduced histone acetylation at the URS, which implies a crosstalk between histone demethylation and acetylation at the PHR1 promoter. In addition, the crucial checkpoint protein Rad53 acted as an upstream regulator of Rph1 and dominated the phosphorylation of Rph1 that was required for efficient PHR1 expression and the dissociation of Rph1. The release of Rph1 from chromatin also required the phosphorylation at S652. Our study demonstrates that the histone demethylase Rph1 is associated with a specific chromatin locus and modulates histone modifications to repress a DNA damage responsive gene under control of damage checkpoint signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yi Liang
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kengne AP, Patel A, Colagiuri S, Heller S, Hamet P, Marre M, Pan CY, Zoungas S, Grobbee DE, Neal B, Chalmers J, Woodward M. The Framingham and UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk equations do not reliably estimate the probability of cardiovascular events in a large ethnically diverse sample of patients with diabetes: the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) Study. Diabetologia 2010; 53:821-31. [PMID: 20157695 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Available multivariable equations for cardiovascular risk assessment in people with diabetes have been derived either from the general population or from populations with diabetes. Their utility and comparative performance in a contemporary group of patients with type 2 diabetes are not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Framingham and UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) risk equations in participants who took part in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular disease: Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. METHODS The 4-year risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its constituents were estimated using two published Framingham and the UKPDS risk equations in 7,502 individuals with type 2 diabetes without prior known CVD at their enrolment in the trial. RESULTS The risk of major CVD was overestimated by 170% (95% CI 146-195%) and 202% (176-231%) using the two Framingham equations. The risk of major coronary heart disease was overestimated by 198% (162-238%) with the UKPDS, and by 146% (117-179%) and 289% (243-341%) with the two different Framingham equations, respectively. The risks of stroke events were also overestimated with the UKPDS and one of the Framingham equations. The ability of these equations to rank risk among ADVANCE participants was modest, with c-statistics ranging from 0.57 to 0.71. Results stratified by sex, treatment allocation and ethnicity were broadly similar. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Application of the Framingham and UKPDS risk equations to a contemporary treated group of patients with established type 2 diabetes is likely to substantially overestimate cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Kengne
- The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Level 10 KGV Building, RPAH, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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20
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de Galan BE, Zoungas S, Chalmers J, Anderson C, Dufouil C, Pillai A, Cooper M, Grobbee DE, Hackett M, Hamet P, Heller SR, Lisheng L, MacMahon S, Mancia G, Neal B, Pan CY, Patel A, Poulter N, Travert F, Woodward M. Cognitive function and risks of cardiovascular disease and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2328-2336. [PMID: 19688336 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The relationship between cognitive function, cardiovascular disease and premature death is not well established in patients with type 2 diabetes. We assessed the effects of cognitive function in 11,140 patients with type 2 diabetes who participated in the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial. Furthermore, we tested whether level of cognitive function altered the beneficial effects of the BP-lowering and glycaemic-control regimens in the trial. METHODS Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini Mental State Examination at baseline, and defined by scores 28-30 ('normal', n = 8,689), 24-27 ('mild dysfunction', n = 2,231) and <24 ('severe dysfunction', n = 212). Risks of major cardiovascular events, death and hypoglycaemia and interactions with treatment were assessed using Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS Relative to normal function, both mild and severe cognitive dysfunction significantly increased the multiple-adjusted risks of major cardiovascular events (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.11-1.46 and 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-1.99; both p < 0.05), cardiovascular death (1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.71 and 1.56, 95% CI 0.99-2.46; both p <or= 0.05) and all-cause death (1.33, 95% CI 1.16-1.54 and 1.50, 95% CI 1.06-2.12; both p < 0.03). Severe, but not mild, cognitive dysfunction increased the risk of severe hypoglycaemia (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.14-3.87; p = 0.018). There was no evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effects on cardiovascular outcomes in subgroups defined by cognitive function at baseline. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cognitive dysfunction is an independent predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes, but does not modify the effects of BP lowering or glucose control on the risks of major cardiovascular events. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00145925.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E de Galan
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - S Zoungas
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - J Chalmers
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - C Anderson
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - C Dufouil
- INSERM U708, Paris, France
- UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - A Pillai
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - M Cooper
- Baker IDI Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D E Grobbee
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Hackett
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - P Hamet
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montreal and Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S R Heller
- University of Sheffield and Sheffield Teaching Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - L Lisheng
- Chinese Hypertension League Institute, Beijing, China
| | - S MacMahon
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - G Mancia
- University of Milan-Bicocca and San Gerardo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - B Neal
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - C Y Pan
- Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - A Patel
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - N Poulter
- Imperial College and St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - F Travert
- UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Woodward
- The George Institute for International Health, The University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Camperdown, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Akalin S, Berntorp K, Ceriello A, Das AK, Kilpatrick ES, Koblik T, Munichoodappa CS, Pan CY, Rosenthall W, Shestakova M, Wolnik B, Woo V, Yang WY, Yilmaz MT. Intensive glucose therapy and clinical implications of recent data: a consensus statement from the Global Task Force on Glycaemic Control. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1421-5. [PMID: 19769698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is compelling evidence showing that achieving good glycaemic control reduces the risk of microvascular complications in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Likewise, there is clear evidence to show that achieving good glycaemic control reduces the risk of macrovascular complications in type 1 diabetes. The UKPDS 10-year follow up suggests that good glycaemic control also reduces the risk of macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Despite this, recent results from ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT present conflicting results and data from the ACCORD trial appear to suggest that very low HbA(1c) targets (<6.0%) may, in fact, be dangerous in certain patient populations. AIM To review recent results from ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT and provide clear guidance on the clinical significance of the new data and their implications for the practising physician treating patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A Pubmed search was used to identify major randomised clinical trials examining the association between glycaemic control and diabetes-associated complications. The data was reviewed and discussed by the GTF through a consensus meeting. The recommendations for clinical practice in this statement are the conclusions of these analyses and discussions. RESULTS Evidence from ACCORD, ADVANCE, VADT and UKPDS suggests that certain patient populations, such as those with moderate diabetes duration and/or no pre-existing CVD, may benefit from intensive blood glucose control. These trials highlight the benefit of a multifactorial treatment approach to diabetes. However, ACCORD results indicate that aggressive HbA(1c) targets (<6.0%) may not be beneficial in patients with existing CVD and a longer duration of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Glycaemic control remains a very important component of treatment for type 2 diabetes and contrasting results from the ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT should not discourage physicians from controlling blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Akalin
- Department of Internal Medicine: Endocrinology and Metabolism, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Pan CY, Ho LT, Soegondo S, Prodjosudjadi W, Suwanwalaikorn S, Lim SC, Chan TM, Chow KWS, Thoenes M, Choi DS. Prevalence of albuminuria and cardiovascular risk profile in a referred cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes: an Asian perspective. Diabetes Technol Ther 2008; 10:397-403. [PMID: 18715217 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2007.0296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalbuminuria (MA) is a risk marker for diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) in patients with diabetes. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of albuminuria, CV risk factors, and treatments for renal and CV protection in an Asian population with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted in eight Asian countries enrolled normotensive/hypertensive adults with type 2 diabetes without known proteinuria and/or non-diabetic kidney disease. Exclusion criteria were type 1 diabetes, menstruation, pregnancy, and acute fever. A single random urinary albumin/creatinine test was carried out in all patients. RESULTS Of 8,561 patients, 14% had diabetic retinopathy, and 17% and 21% had history of CV disease and smoking, respectively. Normoalbuminuria was seen in 44%, MA in 44%, and macroalbuminuria in 12%. Target glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (<7%) was reached in only 37% of 3,834 patients with available values. Diabetes was managed by diet alone in 6%, while others received oral hypoglycemic drugs and/or insulin. In total, 75% did not reach target blood pressure (BP) of <or=130/80 mm Hg. Antihypertensive drugs were prescribed to 52%, with the number of drugs increasing as the level of systolic BP increased. Drugs blocking the renin-angiotensin system were most commonly prescribed, followed by calcium channel blockers. Lipid-lowering drugs and anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents were used in about 30% and 25% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Asian patients with type 2 diabetes had a high prevalence of MA and reduced kidney function. Furthermore, BP and HbA1c control was only achieved in a minority of patients. Aggressive risk management by administration of reno- and cardioprotective treatments is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Lan XY, Shu JH, Chen H, Pan CY, Lei CZ, Wang X, Liu SQ, Zhang YB. A PstI polymorphism at 3'UTR of goat POU1F1 gene and its effect on cashmere production. Mol Biol Rep 2008; 36:1371-4. [PMID: 18654839 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-008-9322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
POU1F1 is a positive regulator for prolactin (PRL) whose metabolites may directly or indirectly affect some aspects of the hair growth cycle, therefore, POU1F1 gene is an important candidate gene for cashmere traits selection through marker-assisted selection (MAS). Hence, in this study, the PCR-RFLP method was applied to detect a T>C transition determining a PstI polymorphism at the 3'UTR of POU1F1 locus and evaluate its associations with cashmere traits in 847 Inner Mongolia White Cashmere goats. In the analyzed population, the allelic frequencies for the T and C alleles are 0.959 and 0.041, respectively and the genotypic frequencies are in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Moreover, significant statistical relationships between the PstI polymorphism of POU1F1 gene and goat cashmere yields were found (*P < 0.05). When compared with TC genotype, TT genotype was associated with superior cashmere yields in 2, 4, and 5 years old individuals, as well as with average cashmere yield. Hence, TT genotype is suggested to be a molecular marker for senior cashmere yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, No. 22, Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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Thai AC, Mohan V, Khalid BAK, Cockram CS, Pan CY, Zimmet P, Yeo JP. Islet autoimmunity status in Asians with young-onset diabetes (12-40 years): association with clinical characteristics, beta cell function and cardio-metabolic risk factors. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008; 80:224-30. [PMID: 18207602 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2007.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the islet autoimmunity status and relation to clinical characteristics, beta cell function and cardio-metabolic risk factors in young-onset Asian diabetic patients are evaluated at baseline. The study population consisted of 912 patients (from China, India, Malaysia and Singapore) with age 12-40 years and diabetes duration <12 months. Autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2A), beta cell function and cardio-metabolic risk parameters were assessed. Among our young patient cohort, 105 (11.5%) patients were GADA and/or IA-2A positives (Ab +ve). Ab +ve patients were younger, leaner, had more severe hyperglycaemia and lower beta cell function. The frequency of metabolic syndrome was significantly lower in Ab +ve patients (27%) compared to Ab -ve patients (54%). However, a substantial proportion of patients in both groups of patients had atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and albuminuria (micro or macro). In our study cohort, only one in 10 Asian youth with new-onset diabetes had evidence of islet autoimmunity. At least 60% of Ab +ve and 50% of Ab -ve patients demonstrated classical features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes respectively. Regardless of autoimmunity status, the cardio-metabolic risk factors, in particular atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and albuminuria were common in our patients with young-onset diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Thai
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, 119074 Singapore, Singapore
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Patel A, MacMahon S, Chalmers J, Neal B, Woodward M, Billot L, Harrap S, Poulter N, Marre M, Cooper M, Glasziou P, Grobbee DE, Hamet P, Heller S, Liu LS, Mancia G, Mogensen CE, Pan CY, Rodgers A, Williams B. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370:829-40. [PMID: 17765963 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1380] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood pressure is an important determinant of the risks of macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, and guidelines recommend intensive lowering of blood pressure for diabetic patients with hypertension. We assessed the effects of the routine administration of an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-diuretic combination on serious vascular events in patients with diabetes, irrespective of initial blood pressure levels or the use of other blood pressure lowering drugs. METHODS The trial was done by 215 collaborating centres in 20 countries. After a 6-week active run-in period, 11 140 patients with type 2 diabetes were randomised to treatment with a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide or matching placebo, in addition to current therapy. The primary endpoints were composites of major macrovascular and microvascular events, defined as death from cardiovascular disease, non-fatal stroke or non-fatal myocardial infarction, and new or worsening renal or diabetic eye disease, and analysis was by intention-to-treat. The macrovascular and microvascular composites were analysed jointly and separately. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00145925. FINDINGS After a mean of 4.3 years of follow-up, 73% of those assigned active treatment and 74% of those assigned control remained on randomised treatment. Compared with patients assigned placebo, those assigned active therapy had a mean reduction in systolic blood pressure of 5.6 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure of 2.2 mm Hg. The relative risk of a major macrovascular or microvascular event was reduced by 9% (861 [15.5%] active vs 938 [16.8%] placebo; hazard ratio 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-1.00, p=0.04). The separate reductions in macrovascular and microvascular events were similar but were not independently significant (macrovascular 0.92; 0.81-1.04, p=0.16; microvascular 0.91; 0.80-1.04, p=0.16). The relative risk of death from cardiovascular disease was reduced by 18% (211 [3.8%] active vs 257 [4.6%] placebo; 0.82, 0.68-0.98, p=0.03) and death from any cause was reduced by 14% (408 [7.3%] active vs 471 [8.5%] placebo; 0.86, 0.75-0.98, p=0.03). There was no evidence that the effects of the study treatment differed by initial blood pressure level or concomitant use of other treatments at baseline. INTERPRETATION Routine administration of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide to patients with type 2 diabetes was well tolerated and reduced the risks of major vascular events, including death. Although the confidence limits were wide, the results suggest that over 5 years, one death due to any cause would be averted among every 79 patients assigned active therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Patel
- Cardiovascular Division, The George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, PO Box M201, Missenden Road, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia.
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Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function in many physiological processes, and their discovery is beneficial for further studying their physiological functions. However, many of the miRNAs predicted from genomic sequences have not been experimentally validated to be authentic expressed RNA transcripts, thereby decreasing the reliability of miRNA discovery. To overcome this problem, we examined expressed transcripts – ESTs and intronic sequences – to identify novel miRNAs as well as their target genes. Results To facilitate our approach, we developed our scanning method using criteria based on the features of 207 known human pre-miRNAs to discriminate miRNAs from random sequences. We identified 208 candidate hairpins in human ESTs and human reference gene intronic sequences, 52 of which are known pre-miRNAs. The discovery pipeline performance was further assessed using 130 newly updated pre-miRNA and randomly selected sequences. We achieved sensitivity of 85% (110/130) and overall specificity of 49.7% using this method. Because miRNAs are evolutionarily conserved regulators of gene expression, it is expected that their host genes and target genes should have respective phylogenetic orthologs. Our results confirmed that, in certain mammals, the host genes carrying the same miRNAs are orthologs, as previously reported. Moreover, this observation is also the case for some of the miRNA target genes. Conclusion We have predicted 208 human pre-miRNA candidates and over 10,000 putative human target genes. Using sequence information from ESTs and introns ensures that the predicted pre-miRNA candidates are expressed and the combined expression transcription information from ESTs and introns makes our prediction results more decisive with regard to expressed pre-miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chou Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Yu Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-chang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Bioinformatics, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
AIMS To investigate the difference of urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and microalbuminuria (MAU) in various glucose tolerance subjects, especially between isolated-impaired glucose tolerance subjects and isolated-impaired fasting glycaemia subjects. METHODS A total of 2934 subjects were divided into five groups with various glucose tolerances, based on a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Microalbuminuria was defined when urinary albumin excretion rate was between 20 and 200 microg/min. RESULTS (i) The UAER in the newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus group, impaired glucose tolerance/impaired fasting glycaemia group and isolated-impaired glucose tolerance group were all higher than that in the isolated-impaired fasting glycaemia group and normal glucose tolerance group, but it was comparable between isolated-impaired fasting glycemia group and normal glucose tolerance group. The prevalence of MAU and the odds ratio for MAU with adjustment for age and sex in various glucose tolerance groups showed the same trend as the UAER. (ii) After adjusting for age and sex, there is a significant association between logUAER and independent risk factors (partial correlation coefficients: r = 0.26 for 2-h post-challenge blood glucose, r = 0.26 for systolic blood pressure, r = 0.27 for diastolic blood pressure, r = 0.27 for body mass index and r = -0.13 for high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, all P < 0.001). The risks for MAU were 2-h post-challenge blood glucose, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure, while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was protective. CONCLUSIONS The urinary albumin excretion rate and prevalence of microalbuminuria were higher in isolated-impaired glucose tolerance subjects than those in isolated-impaired fasting glycaemia subjects. At early abnormal glucose tolerance stage, the increasing post-challenge glycaemia might be a more important risk factor for urinary albumin excretion rate and microalbuminuria than increasing fasting glycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu AYT, Kong NCT, de Leon FA, Pan CY, Tai TY, Yeung VTF, Yoo SJ, Rouillon A, Weir MR. An alarmingly high prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in Asian type 2 diabetic patients: the MicroAlbuminuria Prevalence (MAP) Study. Diabetologia 2005; 48:17-26. [PMID: 15616801 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1599-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Microalbuminuria represents the earliest clinical evidence of diabetic nephropathy and is a marker of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Its early detection allows the implementation of individualised and aggressive intervention programmes to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. There is limited information on the prevalence of microalbuminuria among hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients in Asia. METHODS This cross-sectional epidemiological study aimed to assess the prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria among consecutively screened hypertensive type 2 diabetic adult patients in 103 centres in 10 Asian countries or regions. Predictive factors for microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria were characterised using a stepwise logistic regression model. RESULTS A total of 6,801 patients were enrolled and 5,549 patients constituted the per-protocol population (patients with bacteriuria and haematuria were excluded). The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 39.8% (39.2-40.5; 95% CI) and the prevalence of macroalbuminuria was 18.8% (18.2-19.3; 95% CI). Only 11.6% of the patients had systolic and diastolic blood pressure below the 130/80 mm Hg target. In the multivariate analyses, the predictive factors for the presence of microalbuminuria were age, BMI, systolic blood pressure and ethnic origin. The highlighted predictive factors for the presence of macroalbuminuria were age, sex, ethnic origin, BMI, duration of diabetes, presence of diabetic complications, intake of diuretics, intake of calcium channel blockers, diastolic and systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The high prevalence (58.6%) of micro or macroalbuminuria observed in these patients is alarming and indicates an impending pandemic of diabetic cardiovascular and renal diseases in Asia with its potential economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y T Wu
- Wu Nephrology and Medical Clinic, Mount Elizabeth Medical Center, 3 Mount Elizabeth, 2258510, Singapore.
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Pan CY, So WY, Khalid BAK, Mohan V, Thai AC, Zimmet P, Cockram CS, Jorgensen LN, Yeo JP. Metabolic, immunological and clinical characteristics in newly diagnosed Asian diabetes patients aged 12-40 years. Diabet Med 2004; 21:1007-13. [PMID: 15317606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2004.01287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the clinical, biochemical and immunological characteristics of young-onset diabetes in Asia. METHODS Clinical, biochemical and immunological variables were assessed in 919 newly diagnosed (duration less than 12 months) young onset Asian diabetic patients aged between 12 and 40 years. The subjects constituted 57% Chinese, 29% Indians and 14% Malays, recruited from diabetes centres in China, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia and Singapore. RESULTS The mean age (+/- sd) was 31.6 +/- 7.2 years, with the majority (66%) in the 31-40 years age group. Mean body mass index (BMI) (+/- sd) was 25.3 +/- 5.0 kg/m2 with 47% exceeding the suggested Asian cut-off point for obesity (BMI > or = 25). Ethnic difference in clinical characteristics included BMI, blood pressure, mode of treatment and degree of insulin resistance. Most patients had a clinical presentation of Type 2 diabetes. About 10% had a classical combination of ketotic presentation, presence of autoimmune-markers and documented insulin deficiency indicative of Type 1 diabetes. Forty-eight percent were receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) while 31% were on diet only, 18% were receiving insulin and 2% were on a combination of insulin and OHA. CONCLUSION Young onset diabetes patients in Asia represent a heterogeneous group in terms of their clinical and biochemical characteristics and classical Type 1 diabetes is relatively uncommon. The 5-year follow up study will determine the progress of these patients and help to clarify the natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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30
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Nitiyanant W, Tandhanand S, Mahtab H, Zhu XX, Pan CY, Raheja BS, Sathe SR, Soegondo S, Soewondo P, Kim YS, Embong M, Lantion-Ang L, Lim-Abraham MA, Lee WWR, Wijesuriya M, Tai TY, Chuang LM, Le HL, Cockram C, Jorgensen LN, Yeo JP. The Diabcare-Asia 1998 study--outcomes on control and complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Curr Med Res Opin 2002; 18:317-27. [PMID: 12240795 DOI: 10.1185/030079902125000822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to describe the glycaemic and metabolic control and diabetes-related complications in type 1 and type 2 Asian patients. METHODS Data of diabetes patients from 230 diabetes centres in 12 Asian regions were collected on a retrospective-prospective basis through review of medical records, interview and laboratory assessments. Analysis of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was carried out in central laboratories appointed by Bio-Rad. The data collection case record forms were scanned electronically. RESULTS 22177 patients with valid data made up the analysis population. Among patents with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, there was a higher proportion of women than men (53% vs. 47% for type 1 patients and 56% vs. 44% for type 2 diabetes). Hypertension (61%) and overweight (40% with BMI > or = 25 kg/m2 were common in type 2 patients. Dyslipidaemia was also present in at least half of both types of patients. Control of glycaemia (mean HbA,1c and fasting blood glucose [FBG]) was poor in type 1 (9.9 +/- 2.5%; 10.2 +/- 5.2 mmol/l) and type 2 patients (8.5 +/- 2.0%; 8.9 +/- 3.4 mmol/l). Glycaemia in the majority of both types of patients fell short of those stipulated by various guidelines. In type 2 patients, glycaemia deteriorated (HbA1c > 7.5%, FBG > or = 7.0 mmol/l) with duration of diabetes > 7 years. Both types of diabetes appear to share a similar high prevalence of complications of cataract, retinopathy and neuropathy, although the prevalence of cataract (27%) and neuropathy (35%) was higher in type 2 diabetes. Screening for microalbuminuria was not common. CONCLUSIONS The Inadequate metabolic and hypertension control, especially in type 2 patients, needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nitiyanant
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Sreenan SK, Zhou YP, Otani K, Hansen PA, Currie KP, Pan CY, Lee JP, Ostrega DM, Pugh W, Horikawa Y, Cox NJ, Hanis CL, Burant CF, Fox AP, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Calpains play a role in insulin secretion and action. Diabetes 2001; 50:2013-20. [PMID: 11522666 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.50.9.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Studies of the genetic basis of type 2 diabetes suggest that variation in the calpain-10 gene affects susceptibility to this common disorder, raising the possibility that calpain-sensitive pathways may play a role in regulating insulin secretion and/or action. Calpains are ubiquitously expressed cysteine proteases that are thought to regulate a variety of normal cellular functions. Here, we report that short-term (4-h) exposure to the cell-permeable calpain inhibitors calpain inhibitor II and E-64-d increases the insulin secretory response to glucose in mouse pancreatic islets. This dose-dependent effect is observed at glucose concentrations above 8 mmol/l. This effect was also seen with other calpain inhibitors with different mechanisms of action but not with cathepsin inhibitors or other protease inhibitors. Enhancement of insulin secretion with short-term exposure to calpain inhibitors is not mediated by increased responses in intracellular Ca2+ or increased glucose metabolism in islets but by accelerated exocytosis of insulin granules. In muscle strips and adipocytes, exposure to both calpain inhibitor II and E-64-d reduced insulin-mediated glucose transport. Incorporation of glucose into glycogen in muscle also was reduced. These results are consistent with a role for calpains in the regulation of insulin secretion and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Sreenan
- Deppartment of Medicine, the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Li CH, Luo Y, Li XJ, Cui X, Xue YL, Pan CY. [Study of the growth and secretion of microencapsulated pancreatic B cell line in vitro]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2001; 17:93-96. [PMID: 21171456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the growth and secretion of pancreatic B cell line BTC6-F7 in the alginate polylysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules and explore the possibility of utilizing it as bioartificial islets. METHODS Microencapsulated BTC6-F7 cells prepared with electric droplet generator were cultured in vitro, and the growth and insulin secretion of them were measured periodically. RESULTS Over the 90-day observation period, BTC6-F7 cells were able to grow and survive as cell clusters in the microcapsules and finally fulfill the capsules. But the microcapsules remained well after the long-time culture. The average total cell number per capsule were increasing with time, but the cell viability was decreasing. The changes of insulin secretion and average live cell number per capsule were in a same manner: for the first two weeks they increased rapidly and then maintained in a relatively constant levels for the rest time. CONCLUSION The microencapsulated pancreatic B cells prepared by us could survive, grow and secretion for a long time. This has made a basis for further development of bioartificial islets, and also can be used to study the mechanism and therapy of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Li
- Institute of basic medical sciences, General Hospital of PLA, Bejing, 100853
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Abstract
In this study, the relationship between intracellular calcium stores and depolarization-evoked stimulation was examined in bovine chromaffin cells, using changes in membrane capacitance to monitor both exocytosis and endocytosis. Cells were voltage-clamped using the perforated whole-cell patch configuration to minimize alterations in intracellular constituents. Control cells exhibited reproducible secretory responses each time the cell was stimulated. However, the same stimulation protocol elicited progressively smaller secretory responses in cells where their intracellular calcium store was emptied by thapsigargin. Transient elevation of the intracellular calcium concentration with a brief histamine treatment enhanced subsequent secretory responses in control but not in thapsigargin-treated cells. A series of depolarizations to -20 mV, which allowed small amounts of Ca(2+) influx but which by itself did not trigger catecholamine secretion, enhanced subsequent exocytosis in both control and thapsigargin-treated cells. Caffeine-pretreated cells exhibited a rundown in the secretory response that was similar to that produced by thapsigargin. These results suggest that brief elevations of [Ca(2+)](i) could enhance subsequent secretory responses. In addition, the data suggest that intracellular calcium stores are vital for the maintenance of exocytosis during repetitive stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Buchacz K, Pan CY, van der Straten A, Hanson CV, Padian N. HIV viral load and viral cultures in sexually active heterosexual men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2000; 23:98-9. [PMID: 10708063 DOI: 10.1097/00126334-200001010-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of metformin on glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity and rate of conversion diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). METHODS Seventy subjects with IGT were randomized under double-blind conditions to receive either placebo (n = 37) or metformin (n = 33) at a dosage of 250 mg three times daily for a duration of 12 months. Glycaemic control, plasma insulin and other biochemical indexes were assessed before and after 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULT At 12 months the conversion rate to diabetes was 16.2% in the placebo group compared to 3.0% for the metformin group (P = 0.011). Of subjects treated with metformin for 12 months, 84.9% became normoglycaemic compared to 51.4% of those receiving the placebo. Significant improvements in fasting glucose, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were found at 12 months and at intermediate clinic assessments. CONCLUSIONS Metformin can improve glucose metabolism in IGT patients and may be a treatment option in their management of IGT subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing.
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Abstract
To identify the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expressed in bovine chromaffin cells, the ncx gene was cloned from a bovine chromaffin cell cDNA library. Five partial clones were obtained and their nucleotide sequences showed that there were at least three isoforms containing different intracellular loops. The 3'-untranslated region was the same in all the clones. To examine the Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity of the clones, full-length ncx1 genes were constructed by replacing the corresponding region of bovine cardiac ncx1 clone p17 with the different regions from two bovine chromaffin cell clones; these were designated p17c and p17h. p17h, but not p17c, showed Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and Xenopus oocytes. The expressed exchange activity of p17 was inhibited by 8-bromoadenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) but was not affected by PMA. However, the activity of p17h was inhibited by PMA but enhanced by 8-Br-cAMP. The agents that changed the activity of protein kinase C and cAMP-dependent protein kinase modulated the endogenous Na+/Ca2+ exchange current of chromaffin cells in a manner similar to that of p17h. Our results suggest that the p17h clone is the major isoform of the exchanger in chromaffin cells and is similar to the major ncx1 isoform in kidney. The exchange activity could be regulated by phosphorylation, and the variable region in the intracellular loop is important for the different effects of phosphorylation on the different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang L, Pan CY, Hu W. [Association between ACE gene polymorphism and therapeutic responsiveness of ACEI in diabetic nephropathy]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1998; 78:372-4. [PMID: 10923445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE [corrected] To clarify the association between ACE gene polymorphism and therapeutic responsiveness of ACEI in diabetic nephropathy. METHOD With the polymerase chain reaction technique, the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was studied in 31 NIDDM patients, 58 NIDDM patients with nephropathy, and 50 normal controls. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the frequency of ACE genotypes among those NIDDM patients, NIDDM patients with nephropathy and nomal controls. Among 40 patients of DN group treated with ACE inhibitor(ACE-I), there was significant difference in genotype distribution between 19 efficacious cases and 21 nonefficacious cases: 8/2/9 vs 1/3/17 had DD/DI/II genotypes responsively (P < 0.01), DD genotype was best and II genotype was worst in therapeutic efficacy of ACE-I in NIDDM patients with nephropathy. CONCLUSION The examination of ACE gene polymorphism is helpful for the diagnosis of the therapeutic efficacy of ACE-I in NIDDM with nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
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Abstract
The role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and intracellular nonmitochondrial Ca2+ pool in the regulation of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) during catecholamine secretion was investigated. Catecholamine secretion and [Ca2+]i were simultaneously monitored in a single chromaffin cell. After high-K+ stimulation, control cells and cells in which the Na+/Ca2+ exchange activity was inhibited showed similar rates of [Ca2+]i elevation. However, the recovery of [Ca2+]i to resting levels was slower in the inhibited cells. Inhibition of the exchanger increased the total catecholamine secretion by prolonging the secretion. Inhibition of the Ca2+ pump of the intracellular Ca2+ pool with thapsigargin caused a significant delay in the recovery of [Ca2+]i and greatly enhanced the secretory events. These data suggest that both the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger and the thapsigargin-sensitive Ca2+ pool are important in the regulation of [Ca2+]i and, by modulating the time course of secretion, are important in determining the extent of secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, and Department of Biochemistry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Pan CY, Lu JM, Tian H, Kong XT, Lu XP, Yao C, Jiang CE, Deng XX, Wang SY, Zhang XL, Wang ZS, Cui L. Study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in adults in the Shougang Corporation in Beijing. Diabet Med 1996; 13:663-8. [PMID: 8840102 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9136(199607)13:7<663::aid-dia130>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to determine the burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) in an urban area of China to aid us in planning preventive measures for those at risk of DM. A survey was conducted among the 29,859 subjects aged between 30 and 64 belonging to 32 units of the Shougang Corporation (a heavy industry enterprise) within the Beijing area. WHO study protocols and diagnostic criteria were used to determine the prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The results showed that the age-adjusted prevalence of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 3.63% and 4.19%, respectively, both increasing with age. Peak prevalence for both occurred in the 60-64 age group. Prevalence showed no difference between the sexes in DM but was higher for females in IGT. Obesity, being overweight, a family history of diabetes mellitus and in women, a history of delivering babies with macrosomia, all correlated closely with the prevalence of DM and IGT. High protein intake was also associated with DM, Smoking had no effect on either DM or IGT. Intellectual workers had a higher incidence of IGT than manual workers. Seventy per cent DM was undiagnosed prior to the survey. This survey, done according to the recommendation of WHO, and including appropriate adjustments, reflects the growing prevalence of DM and IGT in this population. It can be compared with other studies for epidemiological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Pan
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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41
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Abstract
To study the role of Rab3A in regulated secretion, recombinant Rab3A protein plus various guanine nucleotides were perfused into bovine adrenal chromaffin cells via a patch pipette, and depolarization-evoked catecholamine secretion from individual cells was measured by amperometry. Rab3A plus GTP, GDP, and GTP gamma S all delayed the occurrence of exocytosis while Rab3A, GTP, or GDP alone had no effect. The delay of evoked-secretion is specific for Rab3A plus guanine nucleotides, since treatments with GTP plus BSA or GDP beta S plus Rab3A had no effect on the appearance of secretion events. Rab3A plus GTP increased the frequency of the exocytosis of smaller packets of catecholamine. These results are consistent with the notion that an excess of Rab3A in the cytoplasm depletes the regulatory proteins responsible for regulating the interconversion between GTP- and GDP-bound forms of Rab3A and that Rab3A is involved in the final steps of regulated exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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He J, Zhou Y, Lai W, Pan CY. Electronic structure and enhancement of magnetic moments in the ferromagnetic nitride Fe16N2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:6193-6196. [PMID: 9981841 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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44
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Guo JH, Wang HZ, Jiang H, Deng WW, Li LS, Yi G, Li JZ, Pan CY. [Progresses in medical sciences in China, 1994]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1994; 74:715-79. [PMID: 7859171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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45
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Lin HQ, Campbell DK, Cheng YC, Pan CY. Renormalization-group analysis of long-range order in the two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:12702-12710. [PMID: 9975434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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46
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Pan CY. [Advances in endocrine diseases]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 1993; 73:711-4. [PMID: 8143168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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47
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Huang YM, Pan CY, Gu R, Cai XH, Yu LM, Qiu CY. Hearing impairment in diabetics. Chin Med J (Engl) 1992; 105:44-8. [PMID: 1576869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bekesy audiometry, impedance audiometry with stapedius reflex test, speech discrimination and the recording of electrocochleography (ECochG) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were performed in 43 diabetics and 43 strictly sex- and age-matched nondiabetic controls. The results revealed that the average pure-tone thresholds, subjective click threshold and AP reactive threshold were significantly elevated in the diabetics. The average speech discrimination maximum score was significantly decreased in the diabetics. The diabetic hearing impairment was characterized by high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Both the cochlear and retrocochlear pathology existed in the diabetics with hearing impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Huang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
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48
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Chuang SF, Lu SN, Hwang ML, Cheng YR, Pan CY, Fang YS, Ko CC, Chang WY. [Primary treatment of contaminated syringes and needles in a ward]. Gaoxiong Yi Xue Ke Xue Za Zhi 1991; 7:542-4. [PMID: 1811075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Body fluid transmitted viruses become the major enemies of human health. These viruses have been reported as occupational hazards for health care personnel, and they may become environmental hazards as well. We conducted this study to examine the primary treatment of used syringes and needles in a ward, and to evaluate the effects of re-education. For questions such as "The used syringes with bloody contamination should isolated from those without" and "The cover of used needles should not be put back on", we recorded error rates during the 1st one-week observation. A lecture about the standard treatment methods of discarding instruments was given to all nurses in this ward after the 1st observation. The 2nd and 3rd one-week observations were repeated one day and one month after the lecture, respectively. The misclassification rates of discarded syringes were 4.4% (33/758), 1.4% (9/661) and 3.9% (18/616). There was a significant decrease between the 1st and 2nd observations (p less than 0.05), but no significant difference between the 1st and 3rd observations (p greater than 0.05). The rates of covered discarded needles were 50.4% (287/569), 44.3% (198/447) and 38.5% (269/699), respectively. These rates showed a trend to decrease (p less than 0.05). The misclassification rates of discarded syringes were low. Although re-education achieved only temporary effects, self-protective education on not re-covering used needles was effective. However, about 40% of all discarded syringes were still being covered after use. Based on our finding, some improvements have been made in this ward.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Chuang
- Department of Nursing, Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Wang XD, Pan CY, Wang YZ. Application of pyridostigmine in evaluation of growth hormone reserves in children and adolescents. Chin Med J (Engl) 1991; 104:484-6. [PMID: 1874023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that the cholinergic system positively modulates growth hormone (GH) secretion. In the present study, we observed the effects of cholinergic enhancement by pyridostigmine (PD), a cholinesterases inhibitor, on GH release in both normal (n = 13) and GH deficient children and adolescents (n = 10). Responses of GH to insulin hypoglycemia (Ins) were also observed. In the normal subjects, PD-induced serum GH peak level was significantly higher than that induced by Ins (P less than 0.01), while the GH level in the patients with pituitary dwarfism showed no increase in both tests. This study indicates that PD test may be considered a sensitive dynamic test in evaluating pituitary function of GH secretion in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing
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Pan CY, Luo GC, Li JY, Wang YZ, Lu SZ, Ma SQ, Guo AY. Effects of aminoglutethimide on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal functions. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989; 102:890-4. [PMID: 2561555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed on four groups of subjects, including 10 patients with Cushing's disease, 10 patients with simple obesity, 8 patients with hypopituitarism and 13 normal subjects. The study was conducted by measuring the sequential changes of plasma ACTH, serum cortisol, 24-h UFC, 24-h 17 KS and 24-h 17 KGS following aminoglutethimide (AG) administration. The results suggest that normal subjects showed sequential changes of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal hormone concentrations with normal feedback regulation of the axis following AG administration. Patients with Cushing's disease had obvious autonomy in the production of ACTH from the pituitary. Patients with simple obesity might display abnormality to some degree in the production from the pituitary. Patients with hypopituitarism lost the capacity of ACTH production in various degrees because of pituitary lesions.
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