1
|
Su CY, Matsubara T, Wu A, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Matrix Anisotropy Promotes a Transition of Collective to Disseminated Cell Migration via a Collective Vortex Motion. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300026. [PMID: 36932886 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells detached and disseminated away from collectively migrating cells are frequently found during tumor invasion at the invasion front, where extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers are parallel to the cell migration direction. However, it remains unclear how anisotropic topography promotes the transition of collective to disseminated cell migration. This study applies a collective cell migration model with and without 800 nm wide aligned nanogrooves parallel, perpendicular, or diagonal to the cell migration direction. After 120 hour migration, MCF7-GFP-H2B-mCherry breast cancer cells display more disseminated cells at the migration front on parallel topography than on other topographies. Notably, a fluid-like collective motion with high vorticity is enhanced at the migration front on parallel topography. Furthermore, high vorticity but not velocity is correlated with disseminated cell numbers on parallel topography. Enhanced collective vortex motion colocalizes with cell monolayer defects where cells extend protrusions into the free space, suggesting that topography-driven cell crawling for defect closure promotes the collective vortex motion. In addition, elongated cell morphology and frequent protrusions induced by topography may further contribute to the collective vortex motion. Overall, a high-vorticity collective motion at the migration front promoted by parallel topography suggests a cause of the transition of collective to disseminated cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Tatsuya Matsubara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alex Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Su CY, Wu A, Dong Z, Miller CP, Suarez A, Ewald AJ, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Tumor stromal topography promotes chemoresistance in migrating breast cancer cell clusters. Biomaterials 2023; 298:122128. [PMID: 37121102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular clustering provides cancer cells with survival advantages and facilitates metastasis. At the tumor migration front, cancer cell clusters are surrounded by an aligned stromal topography. It remains unknown whether aligned stromal topography regulates the resistance of migrating cancer cell clusters to therapeutics. Using a hybrid nanopatterned model to characterize breast cancer cell clusters at the migration front with aligned stromal topography, we demonstrate that topography-induced migrating cancer cell clusters exhibit upregulated cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) drug metabolism and downregulated glycolysis gene signatures, which correlates with unfavorable prognosis. Screening on approved oncology drugs shows that cancer cell clusters on aligned stromal topography are more resistant to diverse chemotherapeutics. Full-dose drug testings further indicate that topography induces drug resistance of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer cell clusters to doxorubicin and tamoxifen and triple-negative breast cancer cell clusters to doxorubicin by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/CYP1 pathways. Inhibiting the AhR/CYP1 pathway restores reactive oxygen species-mediated drug sensitivity to migrating cancer cell clusters, suggesting a plausible therapeutic direction for preventing metastatic recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alex Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chris P Miller
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Allister Suarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yuan TZ, Lin HY, Kuei CH, Lin CH, Lee HH, Lee HL, Lu HW, Su CY, Chiu HW, Lin YF. NEDD8 promotes radioresistance via triggering autophagy formation and serves as a novel prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:41. [PMID: 36890567 PMCID: PMC9993556 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02883-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is the first-line regimen for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in current clinics. However, the development of therapeutic resistance impacts the anticancer efficacy of irradiation in a subpopulation of OSCC patients. As a result, discovering a valuable biomarker to predict radiotherapeutic effectiveness and uncovering the molecular mechanism for radioresistance are clinical issues in OSCC. METHODS Three OSCC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), GSE42743 dataset and Taipei Medical University Biobank were enrolled to examine the transcriptional levels and prognostic significance of neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8 (NEDD8). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was utilized to predict the critical pathways underlying radioresistance in OSCC. The colony-forming assay was used to estimate the consequences of irradiation sensitivity after the inhibition or activation of the NEDD8-autophagy axis in OSCC cells. RESULTS NEDD8 upregulation was extensively found in primary tumors compared to normal adjacent tissues and potentially served as a predictive marker for the therapeutic effectiveness of irradiation in OSCC patients. NEDD8 knockdown enhanced radiosensitivity but NEDD8 overexpression reduced it in OSCC cell lines. The inclusion of MLN4924, a pharmaceutical inhibitor for NEDD8-activating enzyme, dose-dependently restored the cellular sensitivity to irradiation treatment in irradiation-insensitive OSCC cells. Computational simulation by GSEA software and cell-based analyses revealed that NEDD8 upregulation suppresses Akt/mTOR activity to initiate autophagy formation and ultimately confers radioresistance to OSCC cells. CONCLUSION These findings not only identify NEDD8 as a valuable biomarker to predict the efficacy of irradiation but also offer a novel strategy to overcome radioresistance via targeting NEDD8-mediated protein neddylation in OSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Zong Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 802, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yu Lin
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Department of Breast Surgery and General Surgery, Division of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Kuei
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, 242, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Division of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Xindian District, New Taipei City, 23148, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Otolaryngology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Hsun-Hua Lee
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Vertigo and Balance Impairment Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Wei Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11696, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee SHT, Kim JY, Kim P, Dong Z, Su CY, Ahn EH. Changes of Mutations and Copy-Number and Enhanced Cell Migration during Breast Tumorigenesis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200072. [PMID: 36449747 PMCID: PMC10836759 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a major role in tumorigenesis and metastasis, the role of genetic alterations in invasiveness of CSCs is still unclear. Tumor microenvironment signals, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, significantly influence cell behaviors. Unfortunately, these signals are often lost in in vitro cell culture. This study determines putative CSC populations, examines genetic changes during tumorigenesis of human breast epithelial stem cells, and investigates single-cell migration properties on ECM-mimetic platforms. Whole exome sequencing data indicate that tumorigenic cells have a higher somatic mutation burden than non-tumorigenic cells, and that mutations exclusive to tumorigenic cells exhibit higher predictive deleterious scores. Tumorigenic cells exhibit distinct somatic copy number variations (CNVs) including gain of duplications in chromosomes 5 and 8. ECM-mimetic topography selectively enhances migration speed of tumorigenic cells, but not of non-tumorigenic cells, and results in a wide distribution of tumorigenic single-cell migration speeds, suggesting heterogeneity in cellular sensing of contact guidance cues. This study identifies mutations and CNVs acquired during breast tumorigenesis, which can be associated with enhanced migration of breast tumorigenic cells, and demonstrates that a nanotopographically-defined platform can be applied to recapitulate an ECM structure for investigating cellular migration in the simulated tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyuk T. Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA 98195, USA
| | - Joon Yup Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chang WM, Li LJ, Chiu IA, Lai TC, Chang YC, Tsai HF, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Su CY, Lai TL, Jan YH, Hsiao M. The aberrant cancer metabolic gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell metastasis via dysregulation of ceruloplasmin and intracellular iron balance. Transl Oncol 2022; 25:101508. [PMID: 35985204 PMCID: PMC9418604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis pathway and CHST11, a key chondroitin sulfate biosynthetic enzyme, were up-regulated in NSCLC metastasis. The enzymatic activity of CHST11 confers NSCLC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CHST11 and its downstream effector, CP facilities NSCLC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CHST11 promotes NSCLC metastasis via CP-iron metabolism. The CHST11-CP-iron axis may serve as a new therapeutic target against NSCLC metastasis.
Aberrant metabolism has been proposed as one of the emerging hallmarks of cancer. However, the interplay between metabolic disorders and cancer metastasis remains to be defined. To explore the sophisticated metabolic processes during metastatic progression, we analyzed differentially expressed metabolic genes during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer cells and defined the EMT-associated metabolic gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma patients. We found that the glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-chondroitin sulfate (CS) biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in the mesenchymal state of lung cancer and associated with poor prognosis. Notably, carbohydrate sulfotransferase 11 (CHST11), a crucial CS biosynthetic enzyme, was confirmed as a poor prognosis marker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, forced CHST11 expression promoted invasion and metastasis, which was abolished by depleting the final product of CS biosynthesis by chondroitinase ABC treatment or active-domain negative CHST11. In vivo metastasis mouse models showed that CHST11 increased lung colonies number and sulfated mucosubstance expression. Furthermore, microarray analysis revealed ceruloplasmin (CP), which facilitated iron metabolism, was the downstream effector of CHST11. CP was upregulated by CHST11 through interferon-γ signaling pathway stimulation and related to unfavorable prognosis. Both forced CP expression and long-term iron treatment increased invasion and lung colony formation. Furthermore, we found 3-AP, an iron chelator, hampered the CHST11-induced metastasis. Our findings implicate that the novel CHST11-CP-iron axis enhances EMT and may serve as a new therapeutic target to treat NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chang
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Li
- PhD. Program in School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-An Chiu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; PhD. Program of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Su CY, Burchett A, Dunworth M, Choi JS, Ewald AJ, Ahn EH, Kim DH. Engineering a 3D collective cancer invasion model with control over collagen fiber alignment. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120922. [PMID: 34126408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Prior to cancer cell invasion, the structure of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding the tumor is remodeled, such that circumferentially oriented matrix fibers become radially aligned. This predisposed radially aligned matrix structure serves as a critical regulator of cancer invasion. However, a biomimetic 3D model recapitulating a tumor's behavioral response to these ECM structures is not yet available. In this study, we have developed a phase-specific, force-guided method to establish a 3D dual topographical tumor model in which each tumor spheroid/organoid is surrounded by radially aligned collagen I fibers on one side and circumferentially oriented fibers on the opposite side. A coaxial rotating cylinder system was employed to construct the dual fiber topography and to pre-seed tumor spheroids/organoids within a single device. This system enables the application of different force mechanisms in the nucleation and elongation phases of collagen fiber polymerization to guide fiber alignment. In the nucleation phase, fiber alignment is enhanced by a horizontal laminar Couette flow driven by the inner cylinder rotation. In the elongation phase, fiber growth is guided by a vertical gravitational force to form a large aligned collagen matrix gel (35 × 25 × 0.5 mm) embedded with >1000 tumor spheroids. The fibers above each tumor spheroid are radially aligned along the direction of gravitational force in contrast to the circumferentially oriented fibers beneath each tumor spheroid/organoid, where the presence of the tumor interferes with the gravity-induced fiber alignment. After tumor invasion, there are more disseminated multicellular clusters on the radially aligned side, compared to the side of the tumor spheroid/organoid facing circumferentially oriented fibers. These results indicate that our 3D dual topographical model recapitulates the preference of tumors to invade and disseminate along radially aligned fibers. We anticipate that this 3D dual topographical model will have broad utility to those studying collective tumor invasion and that it has the potential to identify cancer invasion-targeted therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alice Burchett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Matthew Dunworth
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jong Seob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eun Hyun Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang H, Yin XF, Yu JY, Su CY. The implication of interleukin-1β in the development and progression of multiple myeloma. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2020; 34:547-552. [PMID: 32506884 DOI: 10.23812/20-62-l-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - X F Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Y Yu
- Department of Hematology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - C Y Su
- Department of Hematology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang YC, Chien MH, Lai TC, Su CY, Jan YH, Hsiao M, Chen CL. Monoamine Oxidase B Expression Correlates with a Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer Patients and Is Significantly Associated with Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition-Related Gene Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082813. [PMID: 32316576 PMCID: PMC7215409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) including MAOA and MAOB are enzymes located on the outer membranes of mitochondria, which are responsible for catalyzing monoamine oxidation. Recently, increased level of MAOs were shown in several cancer types. However, possible roles of MAOs have not yet been elucidated in the progression and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We therefore analyzed the importance of MAOs in CRC by an in silico analysis and tissue microarrays. Several independent cohorts indicated that high expression of MAOB, but not MAOA, was correlated with a worse disease stage and poorer survival. In total, 203 colorectal adenocarcinoma cases underwent immunohistochemical staining of MAOs, and associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes were evaluated. We found that MAOB is highly expressed in CRC tissues compared to normal colorectal tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with a higher recurrence rate and a poor prognosis. Moreover, according to the univariate and multivariate analyses, we found that MAOB could be an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival, and its prognostic value was better than T and N stage. Furthermore, significant positive and negative correlations of MAOB with mesenchymal-type and epithelial-type gene expressions were observed in CRC tissues. According to the highlighted characteristics of MAOB in CRC, MAOB can be used as a novel indicator to predict the progression and prognosis of CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chieh Yang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-H.J.)
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-H.J.)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (T.-C.L.); (C.-Y.S.); (Y.-H.J.)
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2738-2126 (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.); +886-2-2377-0054 (C.-L.C.)
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (Y.-C.Y.); (M.-H.C.)
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (C.-L.C.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1243 (M.H.); +886-2-2738-2126 (C.-L.C.); Fax: +886-2-2789-9931 (M.H.); +886-2-2377-0054 (C.-L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su CY, Yan RL, Hsu WH, Chu CT, Chang HC, Lai CC, Hsu HP, Chen HC. Phosphorylation of adducin-1 by cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is important for epidermal growth factor-induced cell migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13703. [PMID: 31548578 PMCID: PMC6757057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50275-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is predominantly expressed in neuron and plays an important role in neuronal physiology. Increasing evidence also indicates that Cdk5 may contribute to malignant progression of some types of cancers; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we found that Cdk5 directly phosphorylated the actin-binding protein adducin-1 (ADD1) at T724 in vitro and in intact cells. The capability of the phosphomimetic T724D mutant to bind to actin filaments was lower than that of wild type ADD1 and the T724A mutant. Cdk5 co-localized with ADD1 at the lamellipodia upon epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation. The increased lamellipodia formation and cell migration of human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 by EGF were accompanied by Cdk5 activation and increased phosphorylation of ADD1 at T724. Depletion of Cdk5 in MDA-MB-231 cells abrogated the effects of EGF on ADD1 T724 phosphorylation, lamellipodia formation, and cell migration. Likewise, depletion of ADD1 suppressed the effects of EGF on lamellipodia formation, cell migration, and invasion, all of which were restored by FLAG-ADD1 WT and the T724D mutant, but not the T724A mutant. Together, our results suggest that phosphorylation of ADD1 at T724 by Cdk5 is important for EGF-induced cell migration and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Liang Yan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Tung Chu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Chia Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chen Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Chen Chen
- Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chang YC, Chiou J, Yang YF, Su CY, Lin YF, Yang CN, Lu PJ, Huang MS, Yang CJ, Hsiao M. Therapeutic Targeting of Aldolase A Interactions Inhibits Lung Cancer Metastasis and Prolongs Survival. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4754-4766. [PMID: 31358528 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still being uncovered. In this study, we show that the glycolytic enzyme aldolase A (ALDOA) is a key enzyme involved in lung cancer metabolic reprogramming and metastasis. Overexpression of ALDOA increased migration and invasion of lung cancer cell lines in vitro and formation of metastatic lung cancer foci in vivo. ALDOA promoted metastasis independent of its enzymatic activity. Immunoprecipitation and proteomic analyses revealed γ-actin binds to ALDOA; blocking this interaction using specific peptides decreased metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Screening of clinically available drugs based on the crystal structure of ALDOA identified raltegravir, an antiretroviral agent that targets HIV integrase, as a pharmacologic inhibitor of ALDOA-γ-actin binding that produced antimetastatic and survival benefits in a xenograft model with no significant toxicity. In summary, ALDOA promotes lung cancer metastasis by interacting with γ-actin. Targeting this interaction provides a new therapeutic strategy to treat lung cancer metastasis. SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates the role of aldolase A and its interaction with γ-actin in the metastasis of non-small lung cancer and that blocking this interaction could be an effective cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Chiou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Translational Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-DA Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical Municipal Ta-Tung, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chang YC, Chan YC, Chang WM, Lin YF, Yang CJ, Su CY, Huang MS, Wu ATH, Hsiao M. Feedback regulation of ALDOA activates the HIF-1α/MMP9 axis to promote lung cancer progression. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:28-36. [PMID: 28610954 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Distant metastasis and recurrence are the greatest challenges in the clinical management of lung cancer. Despite advances in targeted therapies, high mortality rates persist. Therefore, alternative therapeutic interventions are urgently required. Accumulating evidence indicates that normalizing tumor metabolism may be a way to increase therapeutic efficacy and to reduce tumor malignancy. Here, we analyzed integrated transcriptomics data and an shRNA library against glycolytic enzymes and found that elevated Aldolase A expression is highly correlated with metastatic potential and a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We validated our in silico findings with an immunohistochemical analysis of clinical samples. Aldolase A silencing significantly suppressed metastatic potential both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the ectopic overexpression of Aldolase A resulted in the opposite phenotype. Furthermore, our microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analyses (IPA) revealed that Aldolase A-driven lung cancer metastasis was closely linked to hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α)-downstream signaling. Importantly, Aldolase A overexpression may promote the release of lactate to block PHD activities and further induce HIF-1α stabilization. Aldolase A and nuclear HIF-1α overexpression levels were positively correlated and were significantly associated with a poorer survival rate in lung cancer patients (P = 0.008 for Overall Survival, P = 0.021 for Disease-free Survival). Furthermore, MMP9, a downstream target of HIF-1α, was significantly upregulated after ALDOA overexpression. A MMP9 inhibitor significantly inhibited cell invasion and migration in ALDOA-HIF-1α axis-induced lung cancer. In summary, our results reveal the molecular mechanism of Aldolase A in promoting lung cancer metastasis via PHD-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α and the subsequent activation of MMP9. The ALDOA-HIF-1α axis may provide a new therapeutic target for metastatic lung cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Ming Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang YC, Chi LH, Chang WM, Su CY, Lin YF, Chen CL, Chen MH, Chang PMH, Wu ATH, Hsiao M. Glucose transporter 4 promotes head and neck squamous cell carcinoma metastasis through the TRIM24-DDX58 axis. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:11. [PMID: 28061796 PMCID: PMC5219690 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-016-0372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a unique and major health concern worldwide. Significant increases in glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis have been observed in HNSCC cells. Glucose transporters (GLUTs) represent a major hub in the glycolysis pathway, with GLUT4 having the highest glucose affinity. However, GLUT4's role in HNSCC has not been fully appreciated. METHODS An in silico analysis was performed in HNSCC cohorts to identify the most significant glucose transporter associated with HNSCC patient prognosis. An immunohistochemical analysis of a tissue microarray with samples from 90 HNSCC patients was used to determine the association of GLUT4 with prognosis. Complementary functional expression and knockdown studies of GLUT4 were performed to investigate whether GLUT4 plays a role in HNSCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. The detailed molecular mechanism of the function of GLUT4 in inducing HNSCC cell metastasis was determined. RESULTS Our clinicopathologic analysis showed that increased GLUT4 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients was significantly associated with a poor overall survival (OS, P = 0.035) and recurrence-free survival (RFS, P = 0.001). Furthermore, the ectopic overexpression of GLUT4 in cell lines with low endogenous GLUT4 expression resulted in a significant increase in migratory ability both in vitro and in vivo, whereas the reverse phenotype was observed in GLUT4-silenced cells. Utilizing a GLUT4 overexpression model, we performed gene expression microarray and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to determine that the transcription factor tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24) was the main downstream regulator of GLUT4. In addition, DDX58 was confirmed to be the downstream target of TRIM24, whose downregulation is essential for the migratory phenotype induced by GLUT4-TRIM24 activation in HNSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Here, we identified altered glucose metabolism in the progression of HNSCC and showed that it could be partially attributed to the novel link between GLUT4 and TRIM24. This novel signaling axis may be used for the prognosis and therapeutic treatment of HNSCC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chan Chang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsing Chi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuang-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex T H Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chang JS, Su CY, Yu WH, Lee WJ, Liu YP, Lai TC, Jan YH, Yang YF, Shen CN, Shew JY, Lu J, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Lu PJ, Lin YF, Kuo ML, Hua KT, Hsiao M. GIT1 promotes lung cancer cell metastasis through modulating Rac1/Cdc42 activity and is associated with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36278-91. [PMID: 26462147 PMCID: PMC4742177 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 1 (GIT1) is participated in cell movement activation, which is a fundamental process during tissue development and cancer progression. GIT1/PIX forming a functional protein complex that contributes to Rac1/Cdc42 activation, resulting in increasing cell mobility. Although the importance of Rac1/Cdc42 activation is well documented in cancer aggressiveness, the clinical importance of GIT1 remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the clinical significance of GIT1 expression in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and also verified the importance of GIT1-Rac1/Cdc42 axis in stimulating NSCLC cell mobility. The result indicated higher GIT1 expression patients had significantly poorer prognoses in disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with lower GIT1 expression patients. Higher GIT1 expression was an independent prognostic factor by multivariate analysis and associated with migration/invasion of NSCLC cells in transwell assay. In vivo studies indicated that GIT1 promotes metastasis of NSCLC cells. Finally, GIT1 was found to stimulate migration/invasion by altering the activity of Rac1/Cdc42 in NSCLC cells. Together, the GIT1 expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. GIT1 is critical for the invasiveness of NSCLC cells through stimulating the activity of Rac1/Cdc42.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeng-Shou Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Houston Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wei-Jiunn Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ching Lai
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Yang
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Shen
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuh Shew
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Lu
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Liang Kuo
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University College of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tai Hua
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Medical Biology, Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chang WM, Lin YF, Su CY, Peng HY, Chang YC, Lai TC, Wu GH, Hsu YM, Chi LH, Hsiao JR, Chen CL, Chang JY, Shieh YS, Hsiao M, Shiah SG. Dysregulation of RUNX2/Activin-A Axis upon miR-376c Downregulation Promotes Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:7140-7150. [PMID: 27760788 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic correlates of the head and neck cancer may illuminate its pathogenic roots. Through a gene set enrichment analysis, we found that the oncogenic transcription factor RUNX2 is widely upregulated in the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with lymph node metastasis, where it also predicts poor prognosis in patients with HNSCC. Enforced expression of ectopic RUNX2 promoted the metastatic capabilities of HNSCC, whereas RUNX2 silencing inhibited these features. Mechanistic investigations showed that manipulating levels of activin A (INHBA) could rescue or compromise the RUNX2-mediated metastatic capabilities of HNSCC cells. Furthermore, we found that miR-376c-3p encoded within the 3'-untranslated region of RUNX2 played a pivotal role in regulating RUNX2 expression in highly metastatic HNSCC cells, where it was downregulated commonly. Restoring miR-376c expression in this setting suppressed expression of RUNX2/INHBA axis along with metastatic capability. Clinically, we observed an inverse relationship between miR-376c-3p expression and the RUNX2/INHBA axis in HNSCC specimens. In summary, our results defined a novel pathway in which dysregulation of the RUNX2/INHBA axis due to miR-376c downregulation fosters lymph node metastasis in HNSCC. Cancer Res; 76(24); 7140-50. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Peng
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Guan-Hsun Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ming Hsu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsing Chi
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Ren Hsiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Collaborative Oncology Group and National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jang-Yang Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shing Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shine-Gwo Shiah
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan. .,Department of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hsu CY, Lin CH, Jan YH, Su CY, Yao YC, Cheng HC, Hsu TI, Wang PS, Su WP, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Calkins MJ, Hsiao M, Lu PJ. Huntingtin-Interacting Protein-1 Is an Early-Stage Prognostic Biomarker of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Suppresses Metastasis via Akt-mediated Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 193:869-80. [PMID: 26595459 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201412-2226oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) carries a poor survival rate mainly because of metastasis. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern NSCLC metastasis have not been described. Because huntingtin-interacting protein-1 (HIP1) is known to play a role in tumorigenesis, we tested the involvement of HIP1 in NSCLC progression and metastasis. OBJECTIVES HIP1 expression was measured in human NSCLC tumors, and correlation with survival outcome was evaluated. Furthermore, we investigated the ability of HIP1 to suppress metastasis. The molecular mechanism by which HIP1 contributes to suppress metastasis was investigated. METHODS We used tissue arrays containing samples from 121 patients with NSCLC to analyze HIP1 expression by immunohistochemistry. To investigate the role of HIP1 expression on metastasis, we evaluated cellular mobility, migration, and invasion using lung adenocarcinoma (AdCA) cells with modified HIP1 expression levels. The human disease mouse models with the same cells were applied to evaluate the HIP1 suppressing metastasis and its mechanism in vivo. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HIP1 expression in AdCA progression was found to be an early-stage prognostic biomarker, with low expression correlated to poor prognosis. We also found HIP1 to be a metastatic suppressor in AdCA. HIP1 significantly repressed the mobility of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and regulated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition by repressing AKT/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSIONS HIP1 serves as an early-stage prognostic biomarker and a metastatic suppressor. Reduced expression during AdCA progression can relieve HIP1 suppression of Akt-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and thereby lead to development of late metastases and poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yu Hsu
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, and.,3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- 3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- 3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Yun-Chin Yao
- 4 Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Tai-I Hsu
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine
| | - Po-Shun Wang
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Wen-Pin Su
- 2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Michael Hsiao
- 3 Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; and
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- 1 Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine.,2 Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hsiao YW, Lai TC, Lin YH, Su CY, Lee JJ, Liao AT, Lin YF, Hsieh SC, Wu ATH, Hsiao M. Granulysin expressed in a humanized mouse model induces apoptotic cell death and suppresses tumorigenicity. Oncotarget 2016; 8:83495-83508. [PMID: 29137359 PMCID: PMC5663531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulysin (GNLY) is a cytolytic and proinflammatory protein expressed in activated human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. Conventional mouse models cannot adequately address the triggering mechanism and immunopathological pathways in GNLY-associated diseases due to lack of the GNLY gene in the mouse genome. Therefore, we generated a humanized immune system (HIS) mouse model by transplanting human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells into NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice after sublethally irradiation. We examined the GNLY expression and its effects on tumor growth using this system. Our HIS mice expressed human CD45+, CD4+, CD8+ and CD56+ cells in the peripheral blood and spleen. A high expression level of human Th1/Th2 and NK cytokines was detected, indicating the activation of both T and NK cells. Importantly, we found an elevated level of GNLY in the serum and it was produced by human CTLs and NK cells obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and spleen cells in the HIS mice. The serum level of GNLY was negatively correlated with the proliferation of transplanted tumor cells in HIS mice. Collectively, our findings strongly supported that HIS mouse as a valuable model for studying human cancer under an intact immune system and the role of GNLY in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jong Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexander T H Wu
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Sciences and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Su CY, Lin TC, Lin YF, Chen MH, Lee CH, Wang HY, Lee YC, Liu YP, Chen CL, Hsiao M. DDX3 as a strongest prognosis marker and its downregulation promotes metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:18602-12. [PMID: 26087195 PMCID: PMC4621913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conflicting results regarding the role of DEAD-box polypeptide 3 (DDX3) are seen not only between cancer types but also within the same type of cancer. In this study, we aimed at clarifying the prognostic significance of DDX3 in patients of major cancer types through large cohort survival analysis and further investigated its effects on cancer progression. Methods Large cohort survival analysis of 7 cancer types, including colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, glioblastoma, and ovarian cancer, was performed using public database at RNA level and was further confirmed by IHC analysis at protein level. Phenotype parameters of DDX3 knockdown colon cancer cells and the mechanism of DDX3 regulated cancer progression were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results In large cohort survival analysis, DDX3 had a significant prognostic predictive power in colorectal cancer at both RNA and protein level. Patients with low DDX3 expression had poor prognosis and frequent distant metastasis. Knockdown of DDX3 enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells and promoted tumor metastasis in vivo. Snail upregulation with decreased membranous E-cadherin expression and reduced cell aggregation were found after DDX3 downregulation. Conclusions Our study revealed the strong prognostic effect of DDX3 on colorectal cancer among seven major cancer types through larger cohort survival analysis at RNA and protein level. Low DDX3 expression promotes Snail/E-cadherin pathway mediated cancer metastasis and poor clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huang Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsin Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yao Wang
- Graduate Program of Molecular Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yu-Chieh Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin TC, Su CY, Wu PY, Lai TC, Pan WA, Jan YH, Chang YC, Yeh CT, Chen CL, Ger LP, Chang HT, Yang CJ, Huang MS, Liu YP, Lin YF, Shyy JYJ, Tsai MD, Hsiao M. The nucleolar protein NIFK promotes cancer progression via CK1α/β-catenin in metastasis and Ki-67-dependent cell proliferation. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 26984280 PMCID: PMC4811767 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of pKi-67 (NIFK) is a Ki-67-interacting protein. However, its precise function in cancer remains largely uninvestigated. Here we show the clinical significance and metastatic mechanism of NIFK in lung cancer. NIFK expression is clinically associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Furthermore, NIFK enhances Ki-67-dependent proliferation, and promotes migration, invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo via downregulation of casein kinase 1α (CK1α), a suppressor of pro-metastatic TCF4/β-catenin signaling. Inversely, CK1α is upregulated upon NIFK knockdown. The silencing of CK1α expression in NIFK-silenced cells restores TCF4/β-catenin transcriptional activity, cell migration, and metastasis. Furthermore, RUNX1 is identified as a transcription factor of CSNK1A1 (CK1α) that is negatively regulated by NIFK. Our results demonstrate the prognostic value of NIFK, and suggest that NIFK is required for lung cancer progression via the RUNX1-dependent CK1α repression, which activates TCF4/β-catenin signaling in metastasis and the Ki-67-dependent regulation in cell proliferation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11288.001 Cancer cells can rapidly divide to form a tumor. Small groups of cells can leave the tumor to migrate to other sites in the body, and it is these “secondary” tumors that are often responsible for the death of cancer patients. Many proteins influence how and when cells divide and migrate. One such protein called Ki67 is only produced when cells are dividing and it is often used in the clinic as a marker to indicate whether cells have become cancerous. However, it is not clear how Ki67 regulates the progression of cancer. Ki67 interacts with another protein called NIFK, and Lin, Su et al. have now investigated the role of NIFK in cancer. First, publicly available data on the levels of proteins in tumor samples from cancer patients were analyzed. This revealed that, in several different types of cancer, tumors that produced more NIFK were more likely to spread to other parts of the body than tumors that produced smaller amounts of NIFK. Next, Lin, Su et al carried out experiments using human lung cancer cells. This revealed that cells that produced larger amounts of NIFK were more likely to migrate, while cells with lower levels of NIFK divided and migrated less often. Further experiments showed that NIFK increases the activity of genes that are involved in cell migration. NIFK achieves this by reducing the production of a protein that inhibits the activity of another protein called β-catenin. Lin, Su et al.’s findings reveal a new role for NIFK in promoting the development of cancer. A future challenge is to find out whether chemicals that inhibit NIFK could be used in the treatment of lung cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11288.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-An Pan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Long Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Tai Chang
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Infectious Disease and Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - John Y-J Shyy
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ming-Daw Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su CY, Liu YP, Yang CJ, Lin YF, Chiou J, Chi LH, Lee JJ, Wu ATH, Lu PJ, Huang MS, Hsiao M. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 Plays a Leading Prognostic Role among Protease Families in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133411. [PMID: 26230665 PMCID: PMC4521958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In lung cancer, uPA, its receptor (uPAR), and the inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 of the plasminogen activator family interact with MMP-2 and MMP-9 of the MMP family to promote cancer progression. However, it remains undetermined which of these markers plays the most important role and may be the most useful indicator to stratify the patients by risk. Methods We determined the individual prognostic value of these 6 markers by analyzing a derivation cohort with 98 non-small cell lung cancer patients by immunohistochemical staining. The correlation between the IHC expression levels of these markers and disease prognosis was investigated, and an immunohistochemical panel for prognostic prediction was subsequently generated through prognostic model analysis. The value of the immunohistochemical panel was then verified by a validation cohort with 91 lung cancer patients. Results In derivation cohort, PAI-2 is the most powerful prognostic factor (HR = 2.30; P = 0.001), followed by MMP-9 (HR = 2.09; P = 0.019) according to multivariate analysis. When combining PAI-2 and MMP-9, the most unfavorable prognostic group (low PAI-2 and high MMP-9 IHC expression levels) showed a 6.40-fold increased risk of a poor prognosis compared to the most favorable prognostic group (high PAI-2 and low MMP-9 IHC expression levels). PAI-2 and MMP-9 IHC panel could more precisely identify high risk patients in both derivation and validation cohort. Conclusions We revealed PAI-2 as the most powerful prognostic marker among PA and MMP protease family even after considering their close relationships with each other. By utilizing a combination of PAI-2 and MMP-9, more precise prognostic information than merely using pathological stage alone can be obtained for lung cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jean Chiou
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsing Chi
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jong Lee
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alex T. H. Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MH); (MSH)
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (MH); (MSH)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin TC, Liu YP, Chan YC, Su CY, Lin YF, Hsu SL, Yang CS, Hsiao M. Ghrelin promotes renal cell carcinoma metastasis via Snail activation and is associated with poor prognosis. J Pathol 2015; 237:50-61. [PMID: 25925728 DOI: 10.1002/path.4552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is an appetite-regulating molecule that promotes growth hormone (GH) release and food intake through growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R). Recently, high ghrelin levels have been detected in various types of human cancer. Ghrelin expression is observed in proximal and distal renal tubules, where renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arises. However, whether ghrelin is up-regulated and promotes renal cell carcinogenesis remains obscure. In this study, we observed that ghrelin was highly expressed in renal tumours, especially in metastatic RCC. In addition, high ghrelin levels correlated with poor outcome, lymph node and distant metastasis. The addition of ghrelin promoted the migration ability of RCC cell lines 786-0, ACHN and A-498. Furthermore, knockdown of ghrelin expression reduced in vitro migration and in vivo metastasis, suggesting a requirement for ghrelin accumulation in the microenvironment for RCC metastasis. Analysis of microarray signatures using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and MetaCore pointed to the potential regulation by ghrelin of Snail, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. We further observed that Ghrelin increased the expression, nuclear translocation and promoter-binding activity of Snail. Snail silencing blocked the ghrelin-mediated effects on E-cadherin repression and cell migration. Snail-E-cadherin regulation was mediated by GHS-R-triggered Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308. Pretreatment with PI3K inhibitors, LY294002 and wortmannin, as well as Akt siRNA, decreased ghrelin-induced Akt phosphorylation, Snail promoter binding activity and migration. Taken together, our findings indicate that ghrelin can activate Snail function via the GHS-R-PI3K-Akt axis, which may contribute to RCC metastasis. The microarray raw data were retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) [KIRC gene expression (IlluminaHiSeq) dataset].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Peng Liu
- Department of Genome Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yi Su
- Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Feng Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Lan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Shi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Centre, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang YF, Jan YH, Liu YP, Yang CJ, Su CY, Chang YC, Lai TC, Chiou J, Tsai HY, Lu J, Shen CN, Shew JY, Lu PJ, Lin YF, Huang MS, Hsiao M. Squalene synthase induces tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 enrichment in lipid rafts to promote lung cancer metastasis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:675-87. [PMID: 25152164 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201404-0714oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Metabolic alterations contribute to cancer development and progression. However, the molecular mechanisms relating metabolism to cancer metastasis remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To identify a key metabolic enzyme that is aberrantly overexpressed in invasive lung cancer cells and to investigate its functional role and prognostic value in lung cancer. METHODS The differential expression of metabolic enzymes in noninvasive CL1-0 cells and invasive CL1-5 cells was analyzed by a gene expression microarray. The expression of target genes in clinical specimens from patients with lung cancer was examined by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacologic and gene knockdown/overexpression approaches were used to investigate the function of the target gene during invasion and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. The association between the target gene expression and clinicopathologic parameters was further analyzed. Bioinformatic analyses were used to discover the signaling pathways involved in target gene-regulated invasion and migration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Squalene synthase (SQS) was up-regulated in CL1-5 cells and in the tumor regions of the lung cancer specimens. Loss of function or knockdown of SQS significantly inhibited invasion/migration and metastasis in cell and animal models and vice versa. High expression of SQS was significantly associated with poor prognosis among patients with lung cancer. Mechanistically, SQS contributed to a lipid-raft-localized enrichment of tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 in a cholesterol-dependent manner, which resulted in the enhancement of nuclear factor-κB activation leading to matrix metallopeptidase 1 up-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Up-regulation of SQS promotes metastasis of lung cancer by enhancing tumor necrosis factor-α receptor 1 and nuclear factor-κB activation and matrix metallopeptidase 1 expression. Targeting SQS may have considerable potential as a novel therapeutic strategy to treat metastatic lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fang Yang
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li KC, Hua KT, Lin YS, Su CY, Ko JY, Hsiao M, Kuo ML, Tan CT. Inhibition of G9a induces DUSP4-dependent autophagic cell death in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:172. [PMID: 25027955 PMCID: PMC4107555 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common cancer worldwide. Emerging evidence indicates that alteration of epigenetics might be a key event in HNSCC progression. Abnormal expression of histone methyltransferase G9a, which contributes to transcriptional repression of tumor suppressors, has been implicated in promoting cancerous malignancies. However, its role in HNSCC has not been previously characterized. In this study, we elucidate the function of G9a and its downstream mechanism in HNSCC. METHODS We investigated the clinical relevance of G9a in HNSCC using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. In vitro cell proliferation and tumorigenesis ability of G9a-manipulated HNSCC cells were examined with MTT assays, clonogenic assays, and soft agar assays. We examined different routes of cell death in HNSCC cells induced by G9a-depletion or enzymatic inhibition by immunoblot, flow cytometry, fluorescent and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Specific targets of G9a were identified by affymetrix microarray and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Lastly, functions of G9a in vivo were confirmed with a xenograft tumor model. RESULTS G9a expression is positively correlated to proliferation marker Ki-67 and to poor prognosis in HNSCC patients. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of G9a reduced cell proliferation without inducing necrosis or apoptosis. Instead, autophagic cell death was the major consequence, and our investigation of mechanisms suggested it is mediated via the dual specificity phosphatase-4 (DUSP4) dependent ERK inactivation pathway. An orthotopic tumor model further confirmed the growth inhibiting effect and induction of autophagy that followed suppression of G9a. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide evidence that G9a confers the survival advantage of HNSCC. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of G9a induces autophagic cell death; this finding provides a basis for new therapeutic targets for treating HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ching-Ting Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu CS, Kuo MCT, Su CY, Chen YC, Cheng WC, Chou CY, Liang KF, Han YL, Lin CH. A bacteria injection scheme for in situ bioaugmentation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2013; 48:1079-1085. [PMID: 23573928 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2013.774601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article presents an innovative design for inoculating the desired organisms to stratified geological layers at desired rates during in-situ bioaugmentation. The new delivery system consists of intermittent porous tubes connected in series with impermeable polyethylene tubes that run horizontally in each stratified layer of a contaminated aquifer. A bioaugmentation test using the new delivery system was conducted to inject an enriched culture of Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results of the test indicated that the distribution of E. coli through each porous tube was fairly uniform. A mathematical model previously developed to calculate the distribution of water flow through each porous tube was modified to calculate the distribution of E. coli. Geological layers often have different hydraulic conductivities. By controlling the permeability and the length of porous tubes placed in stratified layers, the new design provides a means to selectively deliver aqueous bacteria to various layers at desired rates according to aquifer heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C S Liu
- Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wuang YP, Su CY, Huang MH. Psychometric comparisons of three measures for assessing motor functions in preschoolers with intellectual disabilities. J Intellect Disabil Res 2012; 56:567-578. [PMID: 21988314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01491.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficit in motor performance is common in children with intellectual disabilities (ID). A motor function measure with sound psychometric properties is indispensable for clinical and research use. The purpose of this study was to compare the psychometric properties of three commonly used clinical measures for assessing motor function in preschoolers with ID: the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition, the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Second Edition (PDMS-2). METHOD One hundred and ninety-one children aged 3-6 years with ID were evaluated with the three measures at three time points: two baseline measurements with a 1-week interval before the intervention, and a follow-up measurement after 6 months of paediatric rehabilitation programme. One hundred and forty-one participants completed all of the assessments. The distribution (ceiling and floor effects) and reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability) of each measure were examined. Concurrent validity, predictive validity, and responsiveness were examined as well. RESULTS All measures, except for the PDMS-2, had significant floor effects or ceiling effects at one or more time points. The three measures had good internal consistency (Cronbach α ≥ 0.86) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.96). The Spearman ρ correlation coefficient for each pair of the three measures was ≥ 0.80, indicating high concurrent validity. The predictive validity of the three measures was satisfactory (Spearman ρ ≥ 0.52). The responsiveness of the three measures was moderate (0.47 ≤ effect size ≤ 0.74). The minimal detectable changes of the three measures were satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS All three measures showed sufficient reliability, validity and responsiveness in preschoolers with ID, but the PDMS-2 is recommended for its superior psychometric properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wuang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin CH, Kuo MCT, Su CY, Liang KF, Han YL. A nutrient injection scheme for in situ bio-remediation. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2012; 47:280-288. [PMID: 22242881 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2012.640907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Geological layers often have different hydraulic conductivities. This paper presents an innovative design for delivering aqueous substrates and nutrients to various stratified layers at desired rates during in-situ bio-stimulation. The new delivery system consists of intermittent porous tubes connected in series with impermeable polyethylene tubes that run horizontally in each stratified layer of a contaminated aquifer. Results of the tracer test indicated that the distribution of tritium through each porous tube was fairly uniform. A mathematical model was also developed to calculate the distribution of water flow through each porous tube. By controlling the permeability and the length of porous tubes placed in stratified layers, the new design provides a means to selectively deliver nutrients to various layers at desired rates according to aquifer heterogeneity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Lin
- Department of Mineral and Petroleum Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang SC, Ng KF, Yeh TS, Chang HC, Su CY, Chen TC. Clinicopathological analysis of β-catenin and Axin-1 in solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19 Suppl 3:S438-46. [PMID: 21769465 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-1930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) is a distinct pancreatic neoplasm and has characteristic, aberrant nuclear expression of β-catenin in most cases. However, alterations in components of the Wnt pathway, other than the β-catenin (CTNNB1) gene mutation, have not been identified. In this study, we investigated the status of Axin-1, the spectrum of mutations in the CTNNB1 gene, and the clinicopathological features of SPNs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected 27 SPNs from 25 patients. A tissue microarray was constructed to perform immunohistochemistry for β-catenin, E-cadherin, and Axin-1. The CTNNB1 and AXIN1 gene mutations were analyzed by DNA sequencing. Finally, the clinicopathological features of SPNs were analyzed for association with the CTNNB1 mutations and the Axin-1 alterations. RESULTS All 27 SPNs expressed nuclear immunoreactivity of β-catenin and exhibited a lack of membranous decoration of E-cadherin. All SPNs harbored CTNNB1 gene mutations. No alterations were present in the AXIN1 gene, and the immunohistochemical analysis revealed weak or absent reactivity of Axin-1 in the cytosol. All cases with a codon-37 CTNNB1 mutation had weak Axin-1 immunoreactivity in the cytoplasm (P = 0.018). No other significant correlation was found between clinicopathological parameters, CTNNB1 mutations, and Axin-1 alterations. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear β-catenin immunoexpression is characteristic for SPNs and corresponds to the CTNNB1 mutation. The Wnt pathway is involved in the tumorigenesis of SPNs, primarily through the alteration of β-catenin. Despite the absence of any identifiable genetic mutation, a low level of Axin-1 in the cytoplasm might contribute to the aberrant distribution of β-catenin in SPNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chien CY, Su CY, Hwang CF, Chuang HC, Jeng SF, Chen YC. Ablation of advanced tongue or base of tongue cancer and reconstruction with free flap: Functional outcomes. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32:353-7. [PMID: 16455224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2005.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the functional outcomes of patients who underwent total or nearly total glossectomy for advanced tongue or base of tongue cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used the radial forearm free flap (RFFF), anterior lateral thigh flap (ALTF) or fibular osteocutaneous flap (FOCF) to reconstruct the oral defect after radical resection in 39 patients undergoing total or nearly total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation. RESULTS Good functional outcomes, measured by independent feeding, speech and swallowing were achieved in 35, 36 and 35 patients, respectively. The cumulative 4-year survival rates were 63.8% for tongue cancer and 42.9% for base of tongue cancer. CONCLUSION Reconstruction with free flaps is a feasible method to restore the functional outcomes in speech and deglutition among patients who undergo total or nearly total glossectomy with laryngeal preservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chien
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, 123 Ta-Pei Road, Niao-Song Hsiang, Kaohsiung County 833, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The upstream cis-elements controlling the retina-specific expression of carp rhodopsin gene were fully characterized in vivo. Transgenic studies demonstrated that both carp neural retina leucine zipper response-like element (cNRE, within nucleotides (nt) -63 to -75) and carp-specific element (CSE, nt -46 to -52) were crucial to reporter gene expression in medaka retinae. The retina-specific expression rates of embryos injected with nt -1 to -641 and longer fragments were much higher than those of embryos injected with nt -1 to -138 and shorter fragments, indicating that an enhancer is located in the nt -138 to -641 region. Retinal extracts and the probe BAT-1 (nt -90 to -120) formed two DNA-protein complexes, B1 and B2. Retinal extracts and the probes cNRE and CSE formed the complexes N1 and C1, respectively. The protein factors in B1 and C1 were mammal-like cone-rod homeobox proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G C Ma
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Si ML, Al-Sharafi B, Lai CC, Khardori R, Chang C, Su CY. Gender difference in cytoprotection induced by estrogen on female and male bovine aortic endothelial cells. Endocrine 2001; 15:255-62. [PMID: 11762696 DOI: 10.1385/endo:15:3:255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Before menopause, women have a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases than men. Studies attribute this gender difference to estrogenic protection in the female cardiovascular system. We have demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) protects female bovine aortic endothelial cells against oxidative injury, probably through the induction of antioxidant enzyme activities. In this study, we examined whether E2 confers a differential protection on male and female cells. Bovine aortic endothelial cells from both genders were preconditioned for 24 h with E2 (1 nM to 10 microM), and their resistance to paraquat (1 mM, 3 h), a superoxide generator, was measured using an MTT assay. In contrast to the protection observed in female bovine aortic endothelial cells, there was no protective effect by E2 on male bovine aortic endothelial cells at physiologic concentrations. However, E2 at 1-10 microM attenuated paraquat's toxicity in both male and female cells, probably through its direct antioxidant activity. E2 at 1 nM increased in female, but not in male, cells the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase, which was associated with decreased levels of reactive oxygen species during subsequent paraquat exposure. This suggests that antioxidant enzyme induction plays some role in E2-augmented oxidative resistance in female endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Si
- Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62794-9230, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fang FM, Tsai WL, Go SF, Ho MW, Wu JM, Wang CJ, Su CY, Chen WC, Huang EY. Implications of quantitative tumor and nodal regression rates for nasopharyngeal carcinomas after 45 Gy of radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:961-9. [PMID: 11429224 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01531-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantitatively investigate the clinical implications of tumor regression rate (TRR-45) and nodal regression rate (NRR-45) of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) after receiving 45 Gy of radiotherapy (RT). The values, predictive values, and associated factors of TRR-45 and NRR-45 in NPC are analyzed. METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred one patients with newly diagnosed NPC and who were curatively treated by RT alone were included in the study. Tumor volume and nodal volume before treatment and after 45 Gy were obtained from computed tomographic (CT) scans performed at those times and calculated with the assistance of a computer-based imaging analyzing system. TRR-45 (NRR-45) was defined as the ratio of reduced tumor (nodal) volume after 45 Gy to the initial tumor (nodal) volume. TRR-45 (NRR-45) values were stratified into three groups of slow (below 50%), moderate (between 50% and 75%), and rapid (above 75%) change. After conventional RT with 45 Gy, conformal RT for primary tumors was boosted to 70.2-72 Gy for T1-2 tumors, and 75.6-81 Gy for T3-T4 tumors. RT for residual neck masses was boosted by electron beam to 61-75 Gy. RESULTS The mean value of TRR-45 for all patients was lower than that of NRR-45 for the 78 patients with metastatic neck nodes (70% +/- 4.8% vs. 81% +/- 5%, p = 0.003). The 3-year actuarial neck control rate was better than the primary tumor control rate with statistical significance (98% vs. 85%, p = 0.009). No significant statistical differences concerning local control probability, nodal control probability, or survival rate were found among patients with slow, moderate, or rapid TRR-45 or NRR-45. T-stage was the only significant prognostic factor for locoregional control after multivariate analysis. Tumor volume and T-stage were found to have a statistically significant negative correlation with TRR-45. No associated factor was found to be significantly correlated with NRR-45. CONCLUSION Slow regression rates of the primary tumor or neck nodes in NPC after receiving 45 Gy of irradiation do not mean ultimately poor radiocurability, but may merely imply slow clearance of the cells damaged during irradiation. The different radiobiological behaviors of the regression rates during treatment, ultimate control probabilities, or associated factors for regression rates of NPC between primary tumors and neck nodes need to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F M Fang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neck masses, hearing impairment, and blood-tinged nasal discharges are three major clinical manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Because of the relationship between the anatomic structures of the fossa of Rosenmüller and the levator veli palatini muscle, NPC arising in the fossa can invade the levator muscle, limiting movement or causing paralysis of the ipsilateral soft palate. It is well known that NPC originates commonly from the fossa of Rosenmüller. We therefore hypothesize that the clinical signs of unilateral palate paralysis in patients with NPC must be far more common than usually realized. This issue is, as yet, not fully addressed in the literature. STUDY DESIGN A prospective study of all patients with newly diagnosed NPC. METHODS Two hundred sixty-four patients with newly diagnosed NPC were studied. Clinical records included the details of their clinical presentations and the results of physical and neurological examinations. The degree of elevation of the soft palate during phonation was carefully evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and neck region with a particular emphasis on the levator veli palatini muscles was then performed. The degree of paralysis of the palate was correlated with the degree of invasion of the levator muscles by the tumor, as seen with imaging. The incidence of paralysis of the palate in the patients with NPC was also determined. RESULTS At the time of diagnosis, ipsilateral paralysis of the palate was observed in 137 (52%) of the 264 patients with NPC. The results of imaging indicated that 62% (163 of 264) of the patients had radiological evidence of tumor invasion of the levator muscle. The degree of paralysis of the palate corresponded well to the extent of tumor invasion of the levator muscle. Paralysis of the palate was not evident in 26 patients with early perimuscular infiltration of the levator muscle. CONCLUSION This study revealed that ipsilateral invasion of the levator veli palatini muscle by NPC is common and typically presents with signs of unilateral palate paralysis. This subtle sign is relatively common in patients with NPC. Consequently, we think palate function should be routinely tested when diagnosing NPC, particularly when the patient has unilateral aural symptoms or a neck lump.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen HJ, Leung SW, Su CY. Linear accelerator based radiosurgery as a salvage treatment for skull base and intracranial invasion of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Am J Clin Oncol 2001; 24:255-8. [PMID: 11404496 DOI: 10.1097/00000421-200106000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common disease entity in Taiwan. It can spread in the prestyloid, retrostyloid compartments, parapharyngeal space, and skull base, and induce paralysis of cranial nerves. We have treated more than 1,500 cases in the past 14 years. Since 1994, we have treated 11 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinomas with skull base invasion by linear accelerator-based stereotactic radiosurgery. There were six male and five female patients. The mean age was 48.4 years. Seven patients had symptoms of low cranial nerves. For these patients, conformal radiotherapy plus brachytherapy was used for the masses beyond the skull base. Stereotactic radiosurgery with a dose of 10 Gy to 19 Gy for one treatment was used for the masses invading the skull base. Eight patients died in follow-up periods from 5 months to 2 years 7 months. Approximately half of patients revealed good response of tumor to radiosurgery. Two patients demonstrated no response of tumors to radiosurgery. Stereotactic radiosurgery may be an adjuvant treatment for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinomas with skull base and intracranial invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H J Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung University and Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hsieh CC, Hung CL, Su CY. Reconstruction of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Chang Gung Med J 2001; 24:361-7. [PMID: 11512367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a common condition in patients who visit otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists. These patients often complain of epiphora and blurred vision, and sometimes they suffer from acute or chronic dacryocystitis. Other causes of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction include trauma, chronic inflammation, post-operative iatrogenic procedures, and tumors. Reconstruction of an acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction provides great improvement in a patient's quality of life and satisfaction both functionally and cosmetically. In this paper, we report on surgical techniques of endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy and traditional external dacryocystorhinostomy. A rare case of mechanical compression of the lacrimal sac by a frontal mucocele is also presented. METHODS From 1989 through 1999, we treated 26 patients, 10 men and 16 women, with 28 cases of acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Two patients had bilateral involvement. Five cases were complications of sinus surgery. Ten cases were acute dacryocystitis due to chronic nasolacrimal duct obstruction. One case of nasolacrimal duct obstruction was caused by a frontal mucocele. The remaining cases were non-specific nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Of all patients, 26 cases underwent external dacryocystorhinostomy, 1 underwent endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, and 1 case underwent frontal sinus dacryocystorhinostomy. RESULTS Only 1 patient out of 28 cases that underwent surgery suffered from obstruction after external dacryocystorhinostomy for 3 months; 25 patients attained both anatomical success and clinical improvement. CONCLUSION The success rates were high for patients undergoing either traditional external dacryocystorhinostomy or endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsieh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Tao-Pei Road, Niaosung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Su CY, Cai YP, Chen CL, Kang BS. Unusual noninterpenetrating (3,6) topological network assembled by semirigid benzimidazole-based bridging ligand. Inorg Chem 2001; 40:2210-1. [PMID: 11327889 DOI: 10.1021/ic0014282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshang University, Guangzhou 510275, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lille ST, Lefler SR, Mowlavi A, Suchy H, Boyle EM, Farr AL, Su CY, Frank N, Mulligan DC. Inhibition of the initial wave of NF-kappaB activity in rat muscle reduces ischemia/reperfusion injury. Muscle Nerve 2001; 24:534-41. [PMID: 11268026 DOI: 10.1002/mus.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) is thought to play an important role in the expression of genes expressed in response to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this report, the activation of NF-kappaB in rat skeletal muscle during reperfusion following a 4-h ischemic period was studied. NF-kappaB activation displayed a biphasic pattern, showing peak activities from 30 min to 3 h postperfusion and 6 h to 16 h postperfusion, with a decline to baseline binding activity levels between 3 h and 6 h. Inhibition of NF-kappaB activation was investigated using proline dithiocarbamate (Pro-DTC). NF-kappaB binding activity during reperfusion was significantly reduced by intravenous administration of Pro-DTC. Additionally, Pro-DTC resulted in decreased muscle edema and neutrophil activity, with an increased percentage of muscle survival compared with vehicle controls. These results demonstrate that NF-kappaB is activated during reperfusion in a biphasic manner and that the regulation of the initial phase of NF-kappaB activation affords physiological protection against a severe ischemic stress. Selective inhibition of NF-kappaB during early reperfusion may therefore be a therapeutic intervention for I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S T Lille
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ko WC, Lee HC, Chuang YC, Ten SH, Su CY, Wu JJ. In vitro and in vivo combinations of cefotaxime and minocycline against Aeromonas hydrophila. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45:1281-3. [PMID: 11257047 PMCID: PMC90456 DOI: 10.1128/aac.45.4.1281-1283.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of cefotaxime and minocycline against Aeromonas hydrophila were investigated. Cefotaxime (4 times the MIC) plus minocycline (0.75 times the MIC) elicited an inhibitory effect for 48 h in a time-kill study, and more infected mice treated with both drugs survived (91%) than survived after treatment with cefotaxime (9%) or minocycline (44%) alone, suggesting that cefotaxime and minocycline act synergistically against A. hydrophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Pang H, Wang HL, Fu L, Su CY. [Pharmacokinetic studies of 20(R)-ginsenoside RG3 in human volunteers]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2001; 36:170-3. [PMID: 12580081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the pharmacokinetics of 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3) in human. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection method was used in this study. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics of GRg3 in 14 healthy volunteers were investigated. After a single oral dose of 3.2 mg.kg-1 in 8 male volunteers, the plasma concentration-time course fitted well to a two-compartment open model, with the following pharmacokinetic parameters: Tmax(0.66 +/- 0.10) h, Cmax(16 +/- 6) ng.mL-1, T1/2 alpha(0.46 +/- 0.12) h, T1/2 beta(4.9 +/- 1.1) h, T1/2(Ka)(0.28 +/- 0.04) h, AUC0-infinity(77 +/- 26) ng.mL-1.h. No kinetic analysis was made after an oral dose of 0.8 mg.kg-1 GRg3 in 6 other volunteers because of the low concentration, but a good correlation between Cmax and dosage of the two groups was found. CONCLUSION The absorption of GRg3 was rapid in man, and its elimination was rapid after oral administration of ginsenoside Rg3. The pharmacokinetic results shows that it exhibited first order kinetic characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Pang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen JX, Zeng H, Chen X, Su CY, Lai CC. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 by Ginkgo biloba extract but not its terpenoids partially mediated its protective effect against lysophosphatidylcholine-induced damage. Pharmacol Res 2001; 43:63-9. [PMID: 11207067 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.2000.0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether Ginkgo Biloba Extract and its terpenoid constituents protect against oxidative stress through actions on heme oxygenase (HO) gene expression and activity. HO-1 and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene expressions were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, HO activity and GPx enzyme activity were analysed by spectrophotometric assay. Pretreatment of H9c2 myocytes with 100-500 microgml(-1)Ginkgo Biloba Extract caused induction of HO-1 gene expression and a significant increase in HO activity; 30 microgml(-1)ginkgolide B and 30 microgml(-1)bilobalide had little effect. Treatment with Ginkgo Biloba Extract for 24 h also significantly increased GPx gene expression and GPx enzyme activity. Pretreatment with Ginkgo Biloba Extract, ginkgolide B and bilobalide protected myocytes against lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC)-induced damage. The protective effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract against LPC-induced damage was partially suppressed by a HO inhibitor, Zinc protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP-IX), while ZnPP-IX did not suppress the protective effect of ginkgolide B or bilobalide. Furthermore, pretreatment with hemin, biliverdin or bilirubin reduced cytotoxicity induced by LPC. These results suggest that induction of HO-1 by Ginkgo Biloba Extract but not its terpenoid constituents may play a beneficial role in oxidative stress. The mechanism of Ginkgo Biloba Extract-induced HO-1 gene expression and the increase in HO activity may be related to alteration of intracellular glutathione levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J X Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, 410078, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The regulation of heme oxygenase (HO) activity and its dependence on iron was studied in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). HO activity was induced by hypoxia (10 h) and continued to increase during the reoxygenation phase. HO-1 protein levels were strongly induced by hypoxia from undetectable levels and remained elevated at least 8 h postreoxygenation. Addition of the Fe(3+) chelator desferrioxamine mesylate (DFO) or the Fe(2+) chelator o-phenanthroline during hypoxia alone or during the entire H/R period inhibited the induction of HO activity and HO-1 protein levels. However, DFO had no effect and o-phenanthroline had a partial inhibitory effect on HO activity and protein levels when added only during reoxygenation. Loading of BAEC with Fe(3+) enhanced the activation of the HO-1 gene by H/R, whereas loading with L-aminolevulinic acid, which stimulates heme synthesis, had little effect. These results suggest that chelatable iron participates in regulating HO expression during hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S W Ryter
- Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois 62794, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li Z, Wang K, Chen YR, Wu XY, Su CY. [Studies on metabolite of beta-elemene in rat bile]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2000; 35:829-31. [PMID: 11218859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the metabolite of beta-elemene in the bile of rat. METHODS After i.v. 100 mg.kg-1 beta-elemene, the metabolite in rat bile was extracted by ether. Mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrometry were used to analyze the metabolite of i.v. beta-elemene in rat bile. RESULTS It was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance that the methyl of No. 11 carbon connecting with No. 10 carbon of a metabolite in rat bile was oxidized to be aldehyde. The molecular weight of the metabolite was 218 which detected by mass spectrometry. Infrared spectrometry and ultraviolet spectrometry proved that the aldehyde existed in the metabolite. The structure of the metabolite in bile of rat was identified, that was 1-methyl-1-ethenyl-2-isopropenyl-4-isopropenyl aldehydohexamethylene. CONCLUSION The biotransformation of beta-elemene exists in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Li
- Dalian Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Science, Dalian 116013, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Su CY, Kang BS, Du CX, Yang QC, Mak TC. Formation of mono-, bi-, tri-, and tetranuclear Ag(I) complexes of C3-symmetric tripodal benzimidazole ligands. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:4843-9. [PMID: 11196963 DOI: 10.1021/ic991140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The C3-symmetric tripodal ligand tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (ntb) and its alkyl-substituted derivatives tris(N-R-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)amine (R = methyl, Mentb; R = ethyl, Etntb; R = propyl, Prntb) react with various silver(I) salts to afford mononuclear [Ag(Prntb)(CF3SO3)].0.25H2O, 1, binuclear [Ag2(Mentb)2](CF3SO3)2.H2O, 2, trinuclear [Ag3(Etntb)2](ClO4)3.CH3OH, 3, and tetranuclear [Ag4(ntb)2(CH3CN)2(CF3CO2)2](CF3CO2)2.2H2O, 4. All four complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The Ag(I) ion in 1 is coordinated to the three imine nitrogen atoms of the Prntb ligand and one oxygen atom of the trifluoromethanesulfonate anion in a distorted tetrahedral environment. Dinuclear 2 has C2 symmetry with each Ag(I) atom trigonally coordinated by two arms of one Mentb and one arm of another. Trinuclear 3 has C3 symmetry with a Ag3 regular triangle sandwiched between a pair of Etntb ligands such that one arm of each ligand is involved in linear coordination about an Ag(I) atom. In the tetranuclear complex 4, two linearly coordinated Ag(I) atoms lying on the molecular C2 axis are bridged by a pair of ntb ligands and the remaining pendant arm of each ntb ligand is attached to another Ag(I) atom whose tetrahedral coordination sphere is completed by an acetonitrile molecule and a chelating trifluoroacetate anion. Complexes 2 and 3 may be regarded as an aggregation of two tridentate ligands by a silver dimer and a trinuclear cluster with weak Ag...Ag interactions, respectively, while in 4 the aggregation of two tripodal ligands by four Ag(I) ions affords a multicomponent internal cavity. The packing modes of complexes 1-3 are dominated by weak supramolecular pi...pi and CH...pi interactions. Hexagonal or square channels are generated in 1 and 2, and a honeycomb layer structure is formed in 3 with solvate molecules and counteranions occupying the voids. The crystal structure of 4 consists of a three-dimensional network consolidated by NH...O and OH...O hydrogen bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within the subretinal fluid in eyes with retinal detachment. Subretinal fluid was collected from patients with retinal detachment undergoing surgery for scleral buckling. Serum samples were also collected. The concentration of VEGF in the subretinal fluid and serum was investigated by enzyme-linked immunospecific assay. The average concentration of VEGF in serum samples was 168 +/- 153 pg/ml (mean +/- standard deviation). It was lower than the VEGF concentration in the subretinal fluid (485 +/- 570 pg/ml) in the same 18 patients with retinal detachment (p < 0.05). The average concentration of VEGF was 355 +/- 373 pg/ml in 31 samples of the subretinal fluid collected from simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. It was lower than the average concentration of 901 +/- 385 pg/ml in 8 samples of the subretinal fluid from retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (p < 0.05). The results suggest that the relative retinal ischemia in detached retina increases the release of VEGF into the subretinal space. Also, the concentration of VEGF within the subretinal fluid in proliferative vitreoretinopathy was higher than in simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wang K, Su CY. [Pharmacokinetics and disposition of beta-elemene in rats]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2000; 35:725-8. [PMID: 11372435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the pharmacokinetics, absorption, distribution and excretion of beta-elemene obtained from the roots and stems of Curcuma wenynjin Y. H Chen et C. Ling. in rats. METHODS A GC method for isolation and determination of beta-elemene in biological specimens was used. RESULTS After a single i.v. dose to rats, the plasma concentration-time course of beta-elemene fitted well to a two-compartment open model. With regard to i.p. administration of a single dose of 100 mg.kg-1 to rats, the absorption of the drug was rapid. Elimination of the drug from plasma was found to be in accord with linear kinetics, whereas the elimination half-lives were longer than that of i.v. administration. Only small amount of unchanged beta-elemene was excreted in urine, feces and bile after i.v. and i.p. administration. Plasma protein binding ratio was obtained from two different levels of beta-elemene, 97.7% from 60 micrograms.mL-1 and 96.5% from 100 micrograms.mL-1. CONCLUSION beta-elemene was eliminated at a rapid rate and distributed widely in the body. The protein binding was found to be high. Unchanged beta-elemene excreted via urine, feces and bile were very few.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116027, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Telomeres are specialized structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes which are composed of simple repetitive G-rich hexameric sequences. Activation of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein that synthesizes telomeric DNA, is found in most malignant tumors. However, little data is available concerning the correlation between telomerase activity and NPC (nasopharyngeal carcinoma). In this study, telomerase activation was determined using the TRAP (telomerase repeat amplification protocol) assay in 62 nasopharyngeal biopsies (25 NPC, 25 non-malignant nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues, 12 post-irradiated nasopharyngeal tissues). The results showed that strong telomerase activity was present in both NPC and non-malignant nasopharyngeal biopsies. Post-irradiated nasopharyngeal samples had a significantly lower telomerase activity than NPC and non-malignant nasopharyngeal lymphoid tissues. It is well known that nasopharyngeal tissue is infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes, which might retain telomerase activity. Therefore, the finding that the telomerase activation was lowest in post-irradiated nasopharyngeal tissues is reasonable because of the destruction of activated lymphocytes and NPC by radiation. NPC biopsies with positive lymph node involvement exhibited higher levels of telomerase compared to those without lymph node involvement. Our data indicate a positive association between telomerase activity and tumor potential for lymphatic spreading in limited local tumors. In addition, telomerase activity may be useful as a diagnostic marker in the detection of tumor cells in recurrent NPC, but not in primary NPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C F Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xu AW, Cai YP, Su CY, Liu HK. Tris(2-cyanoethyl)amine. Acta Crystallogr C 2000; 56:E262. [PMID: 15263120 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270100006156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2000] [Accepted: 04/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, N(CH(2)CH(2)CN)(3), (I), the three cyanoethyl groups adopt a conformation with the CN groups oriented in the same direction, suggesting the compound may behave as a potential tripodal ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A W Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Affiliation(s)
- T L Ho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Su CY, Chang JJ, Chen HM, Su CJ, Chien TH, Huang MH. Perceptual differences between stroke patients with cerebral infarction and intracerebral hemorrhage. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2000; 81:706-14. [PMID: 10857510 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(00)90097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess perceptual performances of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) compared with those of ischemic patients early after stroke and to analyze the psychometric properties of three perceptual tests used in the study. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A rehabilitation unit at a teaching hospital. PATIENTS Twenty-two stroke patients with ICH and 22 demographically matched stroke patients with infarction. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery (RPAB), and Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT). RESULTS Stroke patients with ICH had significantly more severe deficits on a task of thinking operations than did patients with infarction. A significant lateralized effect of stroke existed in the ICH group, with patients with right-hemisphere strokes scoring lower than patients with left-hemisphere strokes on the figure-ground discrimination subtest of the RPAB. A considerable overlap among the three instruments was found. Yet, the observed correlations between supposedly similar subtests from the tests proved to be moderate, indicating that to a certain extent these test measures tap different perceptual processes. Four factors were generated from a joint LOTCA-RPAB-MVPT factor analysis. They assessed different facets of perceptual functioning, including higher-level and lower-level perceptual skills, part/whole conceptual integration, and color perception. This factor pattern accounted for 75.5% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS Higher-level perceptual functions tend to be relatively susceptible to ICH stroke pathology early in the course of the disease. This information has important clinical implications in the early treatment planning for the stroke patients with ICH, such that specific compensatory strategies for these deficiencies should be devised to facilitate a successful rehabilitation. Knowledge regarding the influences of specific deficits on the performance of daily activities may also be useful to the patients' family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- Division of Occupational Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Su CY, Yang XP, Xu AW, Zhang ZF, Liu HK, Kang BS. Hexakis(antipyrine-O)terbium(III) triperchlorate. Acta Crystallogr C 2000; 56:E82-3. [PMID: 15263205 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270100002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2000] [Accepted: 02/07/2000] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the title compound, hexakis(1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one-O)terbium(III) triperchlorate, [Tb(C(11)H(12)N(2)O)(6)](ClO(4))(3), the Tb atom lies on a site of $\overline 3$ crystallographic symmetry and the unique Tb-O distance is 2.278 (2) A. One of the perchlorate anions has threefold crystallographic symmetry, while the other is disordered about a $\overline 3$ site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Su CY, Lin CP. Combined use of an amniotic membrane and tissue adhesive in treating corneal perforation: a case report. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2000; 31:151-4. [PMID: 10743929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a new method combining the use of an amniotic membrane and cyanocrylate tissue adhesive to seal a corneal perforation. A 47-year-old male suffered from an alkali injury complicated with corneal melting and perforation in the left eye. We placed an amniotic membrane of optimal size in the anterior chamber directly under the corneal perforation lesion. The cyanocrylate tissue adhesive was then applied over the perforation site and sealed successfully. Three weeks later, the tissue adhesive had dislodged. The amniotic membrane had sealed the perforated lesion and was well adhered to the surrounding corneal tissue with complete epithelial covering. Vision was 20/25 six months after the operation. The combined use of an amniotic membrane and tissue adhesive is a promising method in the treatment of corneal perforation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Y Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical College, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Huang CT, Chien CY, Su CY, Chen WJ. Leiomyoma of the inferior turbinates. J Otolaryngol 2000; 29:55-6. [PMID: 10709174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|