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Lin HW, Lee HL, Shen TJ, Ho MT, Lee YJ, Wang I, Lin CP, Chang YY. Pb(NO 3 ) 2 induces cell apoptosis through triggering of reactive oxygen species accumulation and disruption of mitochondrial function via SIRT3/SOD2 pathways. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1294-1302. [PMID: 37948429 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is nonbiodegradable and toxic to the lungs. To investigate the potential mechanisms of Pb-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death in the lungs, human non-small lung carcinoma H460 cells were stimulated with Pb(NO3 )2 in this study. The results showed that Pb(NO3 )2 stimulation increased cell death by inducing cell apoptosis which showed a reduced Bcl-2 expression and an enhanced caspase 3 activation. Pb(NO3 )2 also caused the production of H2 O2 in H460 cells that triggering the buildup of ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential loss. We found that Pb(NO3 )2 modulates oxidoreductive activity through reduced the glutathione-disulfide reductase and glutathione levels in Pb(NO3 )2 -exposed H460 cells. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) upstream molecule sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) was increased with Pb(NO3 )2 dose. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Pb(NO3 )2 promotes lung cell death through SIRT3/SOD-mediated ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ting Ho
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Lee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Inga Wang
- Rehabilitation Sciences & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Hematology and Gastroenterology, Department of internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yen Chang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, and Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Peng YL, Chang CH, Wei SC, Huang TY, Tai WC, Hsu WH, Wu DC, Yen HH, Tai CM, Chang CW, Lin WC, Wang HY, Lin CC, Kuo CJ, Chiu CT, Lin CP, Lee HC, Wu JF, Chung CS. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on inflammatory bowel disease care in Taiwan: A multicenter study. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1042-1049. [PMID: 37019722 PMCID: PMC10040350 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a great impact on healthcare system and patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the perceptions of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS This prospective multicenter study was conducted between July 2021 and December 2021. Patients with IBD answered a structured questionnaire, and their degree of anxiety was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after reading educational materials. RESULTS A total of 225 (47.67%) patients with Crohn's disease, 244 (51.69%) with ulcerative colitis and 3 (0.64%) with indeterminate colitis were enrolled. Common concerns were adverse events from vaccination (20.34%), and higher risks of developing severe COVID-19 (19.28%) and COVID-19 infection (16.31%) than the general population. Medications deemed by the patients to increase the risk of COVID-19 were immunomodulators (16.10%), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antagonists (9.96%), and corticosteroids (9.32%). Thirty-five (7.42%) patients self-discontinued IBD medication, of whom 12 (34.28%) had worse symptoms. Older age (>50 years) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.19, p = 0.03), IBD-related complications (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04-1.28, p = 0.01), education status below senior high school (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.37, p = 0.001), and residing in north-central Taiwan (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.10-1.34, p < 0.001) were associated with more anxiety. None of the enrolled patients contracted COVID-19. The anxiety VAS score (mean ± SD) improved after reading the educational materials (3.84 ± 2.33 vs. 2.81 ± 1.96, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The medical behavior of IBD patients was influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and their anxiety could be mitigated after education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ling Peng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsin Chang
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, IBD Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Tai
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Tai
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wang Chang
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Lin
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tang Chiu
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Chang Lee
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Renai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Feng Wu
- Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shuan Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD), Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases (TASSID), New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Yu CL, Lee HL, Yang SF, Wang SW, Lin CP, Hsieh YH, Chiou HL. Protodioscin Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Through Eliciting ER Stress-Mediated IP3R Targeting Mfn1/Bak Expression. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:327-341. [PMID: 35496076 PMCID: PMC9049873 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s355027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Protodioscin (PD), a steroidal saponin, has a diverse pharmacological activity including neuroprotection, male fertility improvement, and cytotoxicity against various cancers cell lines of different origins. However, the effect of PD on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unclear. Methods Cell viability, colony formation and flow cytometry analysis for apoptosis profile, mitochondrial membrane potential endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion were employed to determine the effect of PD against HCC cells. Transient transfection of siRNA, immunofluorescent imaging and immunoprecipitation were used to elucidate the anti-cancer mechanism of PD. The in vivo toxicity and efficacy of PD were assessed by a xenograft mouse model. Results PD induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ER expansion in HCC cells. Either downregulation of Mfn1 or Bak reversed PD-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Further analysis revealed that Mfn1 and Bak will form a complex with IP3R to facilitate the transfer of Ca2+ from ER to mitochondria and apoptosis. In addition, our tumour xenograft model further verifies the in vivo anti-tumour effect of PD. Conclusion Our study sheds light on the understanding of the anti-HCC effects of PD and may open new aspects for the development of novel treatment for human hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Lin Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Lee
- Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Correspondence: Yi-Hsien Hsieh; Hui-Ling Chiou, Tel +886-4-2473-0022, Fax +886-4- 2472-3229, Email ;
| | - Hui-Ling Chiou
- School of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Yeh SCA, Hou J, Wu JW, Yu S, Zhang Y, Belfield KD, Camargo FD, Lin CP. Publisher Correction: Quantification of bone marrow interstitial pH and calcium concentration by intravital ratiometric imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1563. [PMID: 35302057 PMCID: PMC8931100 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S-C A Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Hou
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J W Wu
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - K D Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - F D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Lin CP, Dai YL, Huang JH, Tsai JN. First Report of Tomato Powdery Mildew Caused by Leveillula taurica in Taiwan. Plant Dis 2022; 106:757. [PMID: 34142846 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-21-0366-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Wufeng, Taichung 41362, Taiwan
| | - Y L Dai
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Wufeng, Taichung 41362, Taiwan
| | - J H Huang
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Wufeng, Taichung 41362, Taiwan
| | - J N Tsai
- Plant Pathology Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Wufeng, Taichung 41362, Taiwan
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Yeh SCA, Hou J, Wu JW, Yu S, Zhang Y, Belfield KD, Camargo FD, Lin CP. Quantification of bone marrow interstitial pH and calcium concentration by intravital ratiometric imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:393. [PMID: 35046411 PMCID: PMC8770570 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be directed by microenvironmental factors including extracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]e), but the local [Ca2+]e around individual HSCs in vivo remains unknown. Here we develop intravital ratiometric analyses to quantify the absolute pH and [Ca2+]e in the mouse calvarial bone marrow, taking into account the pH sensitivity of the calcium probe and the wavelength-dependent optical loss through bone. Unexpectedly, the mean [Ca2+]e in the bone marrow (1.0 ± 0.54 mM) is not significantly different from the blood serum, but the HSCs are found in locations with elevated local [Ca2+]e (1.5 ± 0.57 mM). With aging, a significant increase in [Ca2+]e is found in M-type cavities that exclusively support clonal expansion of activated HSCs. This work thus establishes a tool to investigate [Ca2+]e and pH in the HSC niche with high spatial resolution and can be broadly applied to other tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C A Yeh
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J Hou
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - J W Wu
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - S Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - K D Belfield
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - F D Camargo
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C P Lin
- Advanced Microscopy Program, Center for Systems Biology and Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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Jiang XL, Ju S, Chen B, Jiang JH, Shi Y, Ma T, Lin CP, Guo DQ, Xu X, Dong ZH, Fu WG. [Debulking strategy of endovascular treatment for lower extremity artery lesions]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2021; 59:969-974. [PMID: 34839610 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20210901-00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the debulking strategy of lower extremity artery lesions. Methods: Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 101 patients underwent debulking therapy at Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University from June 2019 to June 2020.There were 74 males and 27 females,aged (73.2±11.7)years (range:35 to 93 years).There were 31 cases in Rutherford class 3,39 cases in class 4 and 31 cases in class 5. Hypertension occurred in 72 patients. One hundred and forty lesions were treated in 101 patients. Among them, there were 13 lesions(9.3%) in iliac artery,72 lesions(51.4%) in superficial femoral artery,41 (29.3%) lesions in popliteal artery,10 lesions(7.1%) in tibiofibular trunk,and 4 lesions(2.9%) in below the knee artery.Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) was mainly used in acute thrombosis,excimer laser ablation (ELA) was mainly used for chronic in-stent restenosis and chronic stenosis or totally occlusive lesions,while directional atherectomy (DA) was mainly used for short calcified lesions. Results: All of the patients underwent debulking therapy. Eighty-two lesions(58.6%,82/140) were treated by PMT, 56 (40.0%,56/140) were treated by ELA,and 2 (1.4%,2/140) were treated by DA.The ankle-brachial index of the patient was 0.44±0.19 before surgery, 0.87±0.17 immediately after surgery (t=-16.26, P<0.01), and 0.81±0.20 at 6 months after surgery(t=-14.67,P<0.01),and 0.79±0.15 (t=-14.12,P<0.01) at 12 months after surgery. At 12 months,the primary patency was 86.1% (87/101),mortality was 5.0% (5/101), freedom from major-amputation survival rate was 93.1% (94/101),and target lesion reintervention rate was 9.9% (10/101). Conclusions: Debulking is feasible and effective to eliminate the arterial contents and maximize the acquisition of lumen.Selection of suitable debulking methods for different segments and lesions would be helpful to improve the technical success and obtain satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - S Ju
- Department of Vascular and Wound Treatment Center,Jinshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200540,China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - J H Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - T Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - C P Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - D Q Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - Z H Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
| | - W G Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery,Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032,China
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature or critically ill infants. This pilot study investigated early changes in gut microbiota composition in BPD patients and explored the potential risk factors associated with these changes. STUDY DESIGN Preterm infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit with a gestational age of 26 to 32 weeks were prospectively surveyed and eligible for stool collection on days 7 and 28 of postnatal age between February 2016 and June 2017. A 16S rRNA sequencing approach was applied to compare the gut microbiota composition between the BPD group and controls. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the predictor variables. RESULTS Eight subjects in the BPD group and 10 subjects in the preterm group were analyzed during the observation period. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the four dominant bacteria phyla of intestinal microflora. A significantly lower diversity of gut microbiota was observed in the BPD group compared with the preterm group on day 28 (number of observed operational taxonomic units, p = 0.034; abundance-based coverage estimator, p = 0.022; Shannon index, p = 0.028). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that high Neonatal Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System score (≧19) at 24 hours was statistically significant in predicting the proportion of aerobic with facultative anaerobic bacteria on day 28 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Infants with BPD are prone to develop gut dysbiosis in early life. A higher severity of illness and treatment intensity may indicate a higher risk of disrupting an anaerobic environment in the gut during the first month of life. KEY POINTS · BPD patients are prone to develop gut dysbiosis.. · Lower diversity of gut microbiota.. · Higher risk of disrupting anaerobic environment..
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jiang XL, Ju S, Chen B, Jiang JH, Shi Y, Ma T, Lin CP, Guo DQ, Xu X, Dong ZH, Fu WG. [Application and value of excimer laser ablation in the treatment of lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:1026-1030. [PMID: 33845542 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200916-02654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the results of excimer laser ablation (ELA) in the treatment of lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans (ASO). Methods: From June 2019 to March 2020, patients who underwent ELA combined with drug-coated balloon (DCB) for lower limb atherosclerotic obliterans (ASO) were enrolled. Demographics, lesion characteristics, procedure-related outcomes and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: Thirty patients were enrolled, including 21 males and 9 females. The mean age was (76.5±10.5) years. The mean lesion length was (11.7±6.4) cm. A total of 41 lesions, including in-stent restenosis (ISR) in 12 (29.3%), chronic totally occlusion (CTO) at initial treatment in 24 (58.5%), and severe stenosis in 5 (12.2%) patients. Sixteen (51.6%) patients were classified as Peripheral Arterial Calcium Scoring System (PACSS) category 4. The technical success rate was 93.5%. Incidence of distal embolization and bailout stenting was 12.9% and 6.5%, respectively. The mean follow-up time was (6.6±3.0) months. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) was significantly increased from 0.43(0.32,0.55) preoperatively to 0.91(0.87,1.01) postoperatively (Z=-5.43, P<0.01) and 0.82(0.73,1.02) (Z=-3.99, P<0.01) three months after surgery. The 3-month major-amputation free survival rate was 96.7%, primary patency rate was 100%, the target lesion reintervention (TLR) rate was 0 and ulcer healing rate was 76.9%. Conclusion: Debulking of ELA is feasible and effective for both ISR and CTO at initial treatment, providing a new option for DCB preparation and reducing stent implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - S Ju
- Department of Vascular and Wound Treatment Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200540, China
| | - B Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J H Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Shi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - T Ma
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - C P Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - D Q Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X Xu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Z H Dong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
| | - W G Fu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University,Shanghai 200032, China
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Chen SM, Liao YY, Lin CP. Inspissated bile syndrome: A rare cause of neonatal cholestasis. Pediatr Neonatol 2020; 61:449-450. [PMID: 32362474 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ya Liao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Huang SC, Lei YP, Lin CP, Hsiao PW, Chi YT. The Suppressive Effect of Supplementation of Combined Probiotic on Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa062_022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the leading cause of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers and significantly increases the risk of developing gastric cancer. Even though many therapeutic improvements in H. pylori eradication rate, it is still associated with the high prevalence of infection. Several studies have verified that probiotics treatment were beneficial to gastrointestinal tract infections is increasingly documented as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of novelty probiotic complex on H. pylori infection in patients.
Methods
Between October 2018 and August 2019, all subjects with a clinical of Chung Shan Medical University Hospital in Taiwan, subjects who confirmed H. pylori infection (n = 20) were randomized to receive probiotic complex or placebo for 3 weeks. The probiotic complex contained Lactobacillus johnsonii No.1088 (HK-LJ88) 1010 CFU/mL, Bacillus subtilis 1012 CFU/mL, green tea extract and sake lees. Primary outcome of this study was The amounts of change of 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) that was assessed 3 weeks after the end of supplementation. The hematological results, dietary records, anthropogenic indicators were measured/assessed at the 0 and 3th week.
Results
Subjects in the probiotic group had significantly lower 13C UBT (39.6%) at the 3th week when compared to the value at week 0. In contrast with subjects in the placebo group had higher 50% 13C UBT. The levels of anthropometric indices, blood glucose and lipid profiles had no significant changes during the intervention study period in both groups. After adjusting for age and gender, supplement had significant effect on reducing the change of 13C UBT (β = -13.64, p = 0.047) and diastolic blood pressure (β = -6.91, p = 0.03).
Conclusions
These results suggest that supplement with the combination of probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bacillus subtilis for 3 weeks may have a favorable effect on H. pylori infection in humans. The probiotics intervention also resulted in improved blood pressure.
Funding Sources
Yang Ming Biomed Co., Ltd.
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12
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Ho SW, Lin CP, Ku MS. The impact of allergic rhinitis on gastrointestinal disorders among young adults. J Eval Clin Pract 2020; 26:242-247. [PMID: 30773746 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between allergic rhinitis (AR) and digestive diseases (DDs) has been reported; however, studies have only focused on the prevalence of DDs in populations of patients with AR. In individuals with specific DDs, the impact of AR on the frequency of clinical visits for each DD has not been studied. Moreover, the association between topical steroid usage for AR and DDs has not been investigated. METHODS Data from 16 526 men and 18 438 women, aged 21 to 30 years, were collected from a national database. Individuals were separated into the AR and non-AR groups. Eight common DDs were studied: (1) gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), (2) gastritis and duodenitis, (3) peptic ulcers, (4) irritable bowel syndrome, (5) gastric functional disease, (6) intestinal functional disease, (7) gastroenteritis and colitis, and (8) constipation. The rate of each DD was compared between groups. In individuals with specific DDs, the frequency of clinical visits for each DD was also compared between groups. Between users and nonusers of topical steroids in the AR group, the rate of DDs was compared. RESULTS Significant associations were observed between all eight DDs and AR in both sexes. In comparison to the non-AR group, women with AR visited clinics more frequently for gastritis/duodenitis, gastric and intestinal functional disease, gastroenteritis/colitis, and constipation, while men with AR visited clinics more frequently for gastritis/duodenitis, gastric functional disease, gastroenteritis/colitis, and constipation. Female topical-steroid users with AR had higher rates of GERD, irritable bowel syndrome, gastric or intestinal functional disease, and gastritis/colitis. Male topical-steroid users with AR had higher rates of GERD and peptic ulcers. CONCLUSION AR was associated with DDs in both sexes. However, the influence of AR on clinical visit frequency varied among specific DD groups. Topical steroid usage for AR was associated with some DDs, but the association requires future evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Wai Ho
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Sho Ku
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Chang CW, Tu CH, Chou JW, Huang TY, Hsu WH, Wang YP, Chen CC, Chung CS, Lin CP, Lin WC, Tai CM, Wang HY, Chen MJ. Endoscopic management of strictures in patients with Crohn's disease - A multi-center experience in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 119:1500-1505. [PMID: 31917065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorder that causes relapsing inflammation and severe mucosal damage in the intestine. Crohn's disease (CD)-related stricturing complications are a major cause of surgery, disability, and reduced quality of life. Endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD) has been shown to reliably delay or prevent surgery in patients with stricturing CD. However, cases of EBD performed for stricture in CD in Taiwan are rare. In this study, we want to evaluate the experiences regarding EBD for stricturing CD in Taiwan. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 9 medical centers in Taiwan. Patients with CD-related strictures who were treated with EBD were included and analyzed. RESULTS In nine medical centers, a total of 26 CD patients (19 male, 7 female, mean disease duration 75.4 ± 65.2 months) underwent 42 EBD procedures during the study period. Among the subjects, an 83.3% (35/42) EBD success rate was seen, but 26.9% (7/26) patients underwent surgery after ineffective EBD. In the surgery group, the the small bowel strictures was high compared with the non-surgery group (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in disease phenotype, disease duration or history of fistulizing disease. In the surgery group, immunosuppressant use was high, and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) use was low compared with the non-surgery group. After EBD, the physicians tended to change the drugs, especially increasing the use of biologic agents. CONCLUSION EBD is a safe and effective procedure for CD-related stricture, with a 83.3% success rate in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wang Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine,I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Shuan Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Tai
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine,I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Chong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan BA 1710, Brunei Darussalam
- PAPRSB, Institute of Health Sciences, Gadong, Brunei Darussalam
| | - S Kosasih
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan BA 1710, Brunei Darussalam
| | - C P Lin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan BA 1710, Brunei Darussalam
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Lin CP, Lin CS, Lin HH, Li KT, Kao SH, Tsao SM. Bergapten induces G1 arrest and pro-apoptotic cascade in colorectal cancer cells associating with p53/p21/PTEN axis. Environ Toxicol 2019; 34:303-311. [PMID: 30576070 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bergapten is a natural compound and has potent anticancer activities. In this study, we explored the cytotoxicity of bergapten on colorectal cancer (CRC) cell DLD-1 and LoVo and its underlying mechanisms. We observed that bergapten (30 and 50 μM) decreased the viability of the CRC cells and induced the G0/G1 and sub-G1 phase arrest. Furthermore, immunoblotting results indicated that bergapten increased p53, phospho-p53(Ser-46), p21, PUMA, Bax, PTEN, and the caspase-9 and caspase-3 cleavage, but decreased cyclin E, CDK2, and phosphor-AKT(Ser-473) in the CRC cells. Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α reversed the bergapten-induced p53-mediated apoptotic cascade and restored the survival signaling and cell viability. Collectively, our findings reveal that bergapten decrease the cell viability and induce cell cycle arrest in the CRC cells, which may be attributed to p53-mediated apoptotic cascade, upregulation of p21 and PTEN, and inhibition of AKT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pin Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Han Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Te Li
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Medical Laboratory, Department of Medical Science, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Tsao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Sections of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin CP, Chuang WC, Lu FJ, Chen CY. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen-rich water alleviate ethanol-induced fatty liver in mice. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4920-4934. [PMID: 28785146 PMCID: PMC5526762 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) treatment on prevention of ethanol (EtOH)-induced early fatty liver in mice.
METHODS In vitro reduction of hydrogen peroxide by HRW was determined with a chemiluminescence system. Female mice were randomly divided into five groups: control, EtOH, EtOH + silymarin, EtOH + HRW and EtOH + silymarin + HRW. Each group was fed a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing EtOH or isocaloric maltose dextrin (control diet). Silymarin was used as a positive control to compare HRW efficacy against chronic EtOH-induced hepatotoxicity. HRW was freshly prepared and given at a dosage of 1.2 mL/mouse trice daily. Blood and liver tissue were collected after chronic-binge liquid-diet feeding for 12 wk.
RESULTS The in vitro study showed that HRW directly scavenged hydrogen peroxide. The in vivo study showed that HRW increased expression of acyl ghrelin, which was correlated with food intake. HRW treatment significantly reduced EtOH-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglycerol and total cholesterol levels, hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. HRW attenuated malondialdehyde level, restored glutathione depletion and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the liver. Moreover, HRW reduced TNF-α and IL-6 levels but increased IL-10 and IL-22 levels.
CONCLUSION HRW protects against chronic EtOH-induced liver injury, possibly by inducing acyl ghrelin to suppress the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and induce IL-10 and IL-22, thus activating antioxidant enzymes against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Wei Chou
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ken-Sheng Cheng
- School of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin CP, Guirguis-Blake J, Keppel GA, Dobie S, Osborn J, Cole AM, Baldwin LM. Using the diffusion of innovations theory to assess socio-technical factors in planning the implementation of an electronic health record alert across multiple primary care clinics. J Innov Health Inform 2016; 23:450-8. [PMID: 27348488 PMCID: PMC5072363 DOI: 10.14236/jhi.v23i1.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a leading cause of death in the United States. Patients with stage 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at particular risk because many medications are cleared by the kidneys. Alerts in the electronic health record (EHR) about drug appropriateness and dosing at the time of prescription have been shown to reduce ADEs for patients with stage 3 and 4 CKD in inpatient settings, but more research is needed about the implementation and effectiveness of such alerts in outpatient settings. OBJECTIVE To explore factors that might inform the implementation of an electronic drug-disease alert for patients with CKD in primary care clinics, using Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory as an analytic framework. METHODS Interviews were conducted with key informants in four diverse clinics using various EHR systems. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. results Although all clinics had a current method for calculating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), clinics were heterogeneous with regard to current electronic decision support practices, quality improvement resources, and organizational culture and structure. CONCLUSION Understanding variation in organizational culture and infrastructure across primary care clinics is important in planning implementation of an intervention to reduce ADEs among patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Pin Lin
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Janelle Guirguis-Blake
- Institute of Translational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Gina A Keppel
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Sharon Dobie
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Justin Osborn
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Allison M Cole
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Laura-Mae Baldwin
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Zaky A, Gill EA, Lin CP, Paul CP, Bendjelid K, Treggiari MM. Characteristics of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction using speckle-tracking echocardiography: a feasibility study. Anaesth Intensive Care 2016; 44:65-76. [PMID: 26673591 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x1604400111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy is commonly encountered in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. This study explores whether novel global and segmental echocardiographic markers of myocardial deformation, using two-dimensional speckle tracking, are associated with adverse sepsis outcomes. We conducted a retrospective observational feasibility study, at a tertiary care centre, of patients admitted to the ICU with a diagnosis of sepsis who underwent an echocardiogram within the first week of sepsis diagnosis. Data were collected on chamber dimensions, systolic and diastolic function, demographics, haemodynamics, and laboratory parameters. Global and segmental left ventricular longitudinal strain (LVLS) and tissue mitral annular displacement (TMAD) were assessed on 12 left ventricular segments and six mitral annulus segments in apical views, respectively. We explored associations of abnormal LVLS and TMAD with duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Fifty-four patients were included. Global LVLS was not associated with any of the primary study endpoints. However, reduced systolic LVLS of the basal anterior segment was associated with in-hospital mortality. There was a suggestion that patients with a reduced global TMAD were associated with an increased risk of mortality and a short length of hospital stay but these associations were not statistically significant. Reduced global LVLS was associated with lower ejection fraction. Reduced global TMAD was associated with reduced global and segmental LVLS, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes. Speckle-tracking echocardiography can be performed feasibly in patients in sepsis. Global and segmental left ventricular deformation indices are associated with ejection fraction. Further studies need to evaluate the ability of these new indices to predict sepsis outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zaky
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - E A Gill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - C P Paul
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K Bendjelid
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M M Treggiari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Chou JW, Cheng KS, Lin CP. A large symptomatic jejunal subepithelial tumor treated with endoloop-assisted polypectomy using spiral enteroscopy. Intest Res 2016; 14:104-5. [PMID: 26884743 PMCID: PMC4754515 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2016.14.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Wei Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.; Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Taiwan, Republic of China.; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ken-Sheng Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.; Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Taiwan, Republic of China.; Taiwan Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin WC, Wong JM, Tung CC, Lin CP, Chou JW, Wang HY, Shieh MJ, Chang CH, Liu HH, Wei SC. Fecal calprotectin correlated with endoscopic remission for Asian inflammatory bowel disease patients. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:13566-13573. [PMID: 26730169 PMCID: PMC4690187 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i48.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the correlation between fecal calprotectin (fC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and endoscopic disease score in Asian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients.
METHODS: Stool samples were collected and assessed for calprotectin levels by Quantum Blue Calprotectin High Range Rapid test. Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS) and ulcerative colitis endoscopic index of severity (UCEIS) were used for endoscopic lesion scoring.
RESULTS: A total of 88 IBD patients [36 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 52 with ulcerative colitis (UC)] were enrolled. For CD patients, fC correlated with CDEIS (r = 0.465, P = 0.005) and CRP (r = 0.528, P = 0.001). fC levels in UC patients correlated with UCEIS (r = 0.696, P < 0.0001) and CRP (r = 0.529, P = 0.0005). Calprotectin could predict endoscopic remission (CDEIS < 6) with 50% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC: 0.74) in CD patients when using 918 μg/g as the cut-off. When using 191 μg/g as the cut-off in UC patients, calprotectin could be used for predicting endoscopic remission (UCEIS < 3) with 88% sensitivity and 75% specificity (AUC: 0.87).
CONCLUSION: fC correlated with both CDEIS and UCEIS. fC could be used as a predictor of endoscopic remission for Asian IBD patients.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine differences in clinical characteristics among children with norovirus, rotavirus, and bacterial gastroenteritis and investigate the outcomes in children with sporadic norovirus gastroenteritis. METHODS The study included patients aged 4 mo to 14 y who had acute gastroenteritis and were admitted to a tertiary care center between April 2008 and July 2009. The clinical features and laboratory findings of acute gastroenteritis were recorded. Fecal specimens were collected and tested for viruses, bacteria, and parasites. RESULTS A total of 198 children (median age, 2.1 y) with acute gastroenteritis were studied. The pathogens identified included norovirus (n = 38), rotavirus (n = 47), adenovirus (n = 5), astrovirus (n = 1), bacteria (n = 43), and mixed infections (n = 7). No causative organisms were identified in 57 patients. The norovirus-infected group had a significantly higher proportion of those still vomiting 1 d after the onset of vomiting (p < 0.001, OR 5.0, 95 % CI 1.9-12.8), cessation of diarrhea 4 d after the onset of diarrhea (p < 0.001, OR 15.5, 95 % CI 5.1-47.0) and no fever 3 d after the onset of fever (p < 0.001, OR 27.5, 95 % CI 5.8-129.7) compared with the bacteria-infected group. The length of hospital stay of the norovirus-infected patients was positively correlated with the number of diarrhea episodes, duration of diarrhea, and severity score. CONCLUSIONS The clinical manifestations on the day after onset of diarrhea, vomiting and fever reflected the occurrence of norovirus infection in children with sporadic gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Sho Ku
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110 Jianguo North Road, Section 1, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Chang CW, Wei SC, Chou JW, Hsu TC, Chuang CH, Lin CP, Hsu WH, Yen HH, Lin JK, Fang YJ, Wang HY, Lin HH, Wu DC, Ni YH, Wang CY, Wong JM. Safety and Efficacy of Adalimumab for Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease: The Taiwan Society of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (TSIBD) Study. Intest Res 2014; 12:287-92. [PMID: 25374494 PMCID: PMC4214955 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2014.12.4.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Only moderate to severe Crohn's Disease (CD) patients without a satisfactory conventional therapy effect are eligible to get reimbursement from the National Health Insurance of Taiwan for using adalimumab. These are more stringent criteria than in many Western countries and Japan and Korea. We aim to explore the efficacy of using adalimumab in CD patients under such stringent criteria. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted in nine medical centers in Taiwan and we collected the results of CD patients receiving adalimumab from Sep 2009 to Mar 2014. The clinical characteristics, response measured by CDAI (Crohn's Disease Activity Index), adverse events and survival status were recorded and analyzed. CR-70, CR-100, and CR-150 were defined as attaining a CDAI decrease of 70, 100 or 150 points compared with baseline. RESULTS A total of 103 CD patient records were used in this study. Sixty percent of these patients received combination therapy of adalimumab together with immunomodulators. CR-70 was 68.7%, 74.5% and 88.4% after week 4, 8 and 12 of treatment, respectively. The steroid-free rate, complications and survival were 47.6%, 9.7% and 99% of patients, respectively. In considering the mucosal healing, only 25% patients achieve mucosal healing after treatment for 6 to 12 months. Surgery was still needed in 16.5% of patients. Combination treatment of adalimumab with immunomodulators further decreased the level of CDAI at week 8 when compared with the monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Even under the stringent criteria for using adalimumab, the response rate was comparable to those without stringent criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wang Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Wei Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chi Hsu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Hsiung Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College and Hospital, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Hsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Heng Yen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kou Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhuan, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yuan Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei; Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei; Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsin Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deng Cheng Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Min Wong
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chang MH, Chou JW, Chen SM, Tsai MC, Sun YS, Lin CC, Lin CP. Faecal calprotectin as a novel biomarker for differentiating between inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:522-6. [PMID: 24788223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate faecal calprotectin as a diagnostic marker to differentiate between patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and those with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A total of 20 healthy control subjects, 26 patients with IBS and 58 patients with IBD, including 22 with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 36 with Crohn's disease (CD), were recruited for the present study. Calprotectin was analysed in stool samples, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were assessed in blood samples. CRP and calprotectin levels, and the ESR were observed to be significantly higher in patients with CD and UC compared with those of the healthy control subjects (P<0.0001). Furthermore, in patients with IBD and IBS, significant increases in faecal calprotectin and CRP levels were observed (694.8±685.0 µg/g in IBD vs. 85.8±136.1 µg/g in IBS and 0.851±1.200 mg/dl in IBD vs. 0.16±0.23 mg/dl in IBS, respectively; P<0.0001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that, in patients with IBD, the levels of faecal calprotectin [0.931±0.029; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.874‑0.987] were significantly higher than that of CRP (0.865±0.041; 95% CI, 0.785‑0.946) and the ESR (0.869±0.042; 95% CI, 0.786‑0.952). These findings indicate that faecal calprotectin may represent a novel biomarker for diagnosing IBD and may be effective in distinguishing between IBD and IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Chang
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Wei Chou
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shan-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Shu Sun
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Che Lin
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Chen SM, Lin CP, Tsai JD, Chao YH, Sheu JN. The significance of serum and fecal levels of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 in hospitalized children with acute rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis. Pediatr Neonatol 2014; 55:120-6. [PMID: 23899552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus and norovirus are the most common known causes of viral gastroenteritis in children. This study examined the association between serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels and disease severity in the acute phase of rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis in children, and it also explored the role of fecal cytokine levels in children with viral and bacterial gastroenteritis. METHODS This prospective study enrolled patients aged 4 months to 14 years admitted with acute gastroenteritis in a tertiary care center. Peripheral blood samples were collected for IL-6 and IL-8 assays within the first 3 days of diarrhea. Stool samples were obtained from the patients in the first 24 hours after admission. RESULTS Serum IL-6 and IL-8 were measured in children with viral (n = 66) and bacterial (n = 23) infections, and in healthy controls (n = 10). In the acute phase of gastroenteritis, a moderately positive correlation was found between serum IL-6 levels and disease severity (rs = 0.41, p < 0.01). Serum IL-8 levels correlated with the duration of fever (rs = 0.28, p = 0.03). Fecal IL-6 levels correlated with the maximum number of daily bowel movements (rs = 0.35, p < 0.05). Rotavirus infection induced significantly higher serum IL-8 levels than norovirus infection (p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that absolute neutrophil count (ANC), maximum body temperature (BT), and Vesikari score were significant predictors in discriminating rotavirus from norovirus gastroenteritis. CONCLUSION IL-6 and IL-8 are involved in the pathogenesis of acute gastroenteritis in both rotavirus and norovirus. An ANC of less than 9000/mm(3), maximum BT of less than 38.2°C, and Vesikari score of less than 14 at the end of the course are potential predictors of norovirus infection in children compared with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ming Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Dau Tsai
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hua Chao
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Nan Sheu
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Shin CS, Huang YH, Chi CW, Lin CP. Fatigue life enhancement of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments by progressive reciprocating operation. Int Endod J 2014; 47:882-8. [PMID: 24355085 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of reciprocating amplitude and progressive angular increment on fatigue life enhancement of NiTi rotary endodontic instruments. METHODOLOGY ProTaper F2 instruments were operated in steel artificial canals with both stationary reciprocating (SR) and progressive reciprocating (PR) motions. The SR motions involved symmetric to and fro reciprocation of ± 180(o) , ± 135(o) , ± 90(o) , ± 60(o) and ± 45(o) . The PR motions were ± 45(o) stationary motion superimposed with angular increments of 7(o) , 11(o) , 22.5(o) or 31(o) whenever an instrument completed 1, 10 or 30 reciprocating cycles (rc). The fatigue lives were compared with those under continuous rotation (CR) and a reciprocating operation with a forward 144(o) and backward 72(o) motion proposed by Yared (2008). The statistical significance of these operating modes on fatigue life was examined using one way anova and post hoc Tukey's tests at P = 0.05. Fractographic analysis was also applied to probe the fracture mechanisms of different rotation motions. RESULTS Fatigue life increased with decreasing reciprocating amplitude. Operating in the SR increased fatigue life by 355% over that in the CR. Except for the 22.5(o) increment, all PR motions yielded longer fatigue lives than the SR motion. A progressive reciprocating operation with a ± 45(o) reciprocating amplitude and a + 7(o) progressive angular increment every 10 reciprocating cycles (± 45(o) /10rc/+7(o) ) increased fatigue life by 990% over that in the CR motion. In terms of life enhancement over the CR motion, the larger the curvature the less are the differences between different movements. Single crack initiation sites were found in the CR and SR motions, while three crack initiation sites were typical in the ± 45(o) /10rc/+7(o) motion. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue life increased with decreasing reciprocating amplitude in stationary reciprocation. A progressive reciprocating operation with ± 45(o) /10rc/+7(o) motion led to significant fatigue life enhancement and multiple fatigue crack initiation in NiTi endodontic instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yao Y, Lu WL, Xu B, Li CB, Lin CP, Waxman D, Feng JF. The increase of the functional entropy of the human brain with age. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2853. [PMID: 24103922 PMCID: PMC3793229 DOI: 10.1038/srep02853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We use entropy to characterize intrinsic ageing properties of the human brain. Analysis of fMRI data from a large dataset of individuals, using resting state BOLD signals, demonstrated that a functional entropy associated with brain activity increases with age. During an average lifespan, the entropy, which was calculated from a population of individuals, increased by approximately 0.1 bits, due to correlations in BOLD activity becoming more widely distributed. We attribute this to the number of excitatory neurons and the excitatory conductance decreasing with age. Incorporating these properties into a computational model leads to quantitatively similar results to the fMRI data. Our dataset involved males and females and we found significant differences between them. The entropy of males at birth was lower than that of females. However, the entropies of the two sexes increase at different rates, and intersect at approximately 50 years; after this age, males have a larger entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yao
- 1] Centre for Computational Systems Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PRC [2] Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK [3]
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Bélanger E, Henry FP, Vallée R, Randolph MA, Kochevar IE, Winograd JM, Lin CP, Côté D. In vivo evaluation of demyelination and remyelination in a nerve crush injury model. Biomed Opt Express 2011; 2:2698-708. [PMID: 22091449 PMCID: PMC3184878 DOI: 10.1364/boe.2.002698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nerves of the peripheral nervous system have, to some extent, the ability to regenerate after injury, particularly in instances of crush or contusion injuries. After a controlled crush injury of the rat sciatic nerve, demyelination and remyelination are followed with functional assessments and imaged both ex vivo and in vivo over the course of 4 weeks with video-rate coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy. A new procedure compatible with live animal imaging is developed for performing histomorphometry of myelinated axons. This allows quantification of demyelination proximal and remyelination distal to the crush site ex vivo and in vivo respectively.
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Lin CP, Wang YC, Lin FS, Huang CH, Sun WZ. Ultrasound-assisted percutaneous catheterization of the axillary vein for totally implantable venous access device. Eur J Surg Oncol 2011; 37:448-51. [PMID: 21345637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placing a totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) using the classical subclavian vein puncture method carries the risk of certain complications including hemothorax, pneumothorax and pinch-off syndrome. We set out to determine whether percutaneous axillary vein catheterization can decrease the incidence of these complications. METHOD This is a prospective, observational, uni-institutional study. We analyzed the outcome of 113 TIVADs performed by ultrasound-assisted percutaneous axillary vein catheterization from Jun. 2008 to Dec. 2008. Junior residents novice to subclavian and axillary vein catheterization performed the procedures. Insertion and indwelling catheter complications were recorded. RESULT In our study population, 100% of TIVAD placements were successful. 27 patients (23.9%) required 3 or more repeated punctures; only one patient (0.9%) had clinically insignificant pneumothorax. Neither arterial puncture nor brachial plexus injury was recorded in our study. CONCLUSION Ultrasound-assisted percutaneous axillary vein catheterization for TIVAD is a safe and relatively simple method for inexperienced operators.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Lin M, Wang Q, Zheng L, Huang Y, Lin F, Lin CP, Yang LY. Prevalence and molecular characterization of abnormal hemoglobin in eastern Guangdong of southern China. Clin Genet 2011; 81:165-71. [PMID: 21231928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Wasielewski MR, Norris JR, Shipman LL, Lin CP, Svec WA. Monomeric chlorophyll a enol: Evidence for its possible role as the primary electron donor in photosystem I of plant photosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 78:2957-61. [PMID: 16593015 PMCID: PMC319478 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chlorophyll a (Chl a) special-pair model of the primary donor of photosystem I (P700) does not account in a completely adequate fashion for the magnetic resonance properties observed for P700(+). Moreover, P700 is at least 420 mV easier to oxidize than is Chl a in vitro. Neither Chl a dimer formation nor selective ligation of Chl a can account for this potential difference. Enolization of the Chl a ring V beta-keto ester results in a very different pi electronic structure. The Chl a enol can be trapped as a silyl enol ether. In addition, the enol analog 9-desoxo-9,10-dehydro-Chl a can be prepared. Both the trapped enol and its 9-H analog are approximately 350 mV easier to oxidize than Chl a. The ESR spectrum of the cation radical consists of a single 6.1-G gaussian line that is line narrowed relative to that of Chl a(+) in a manner similar to P700(+). Electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy resolves only a 3.5-MHz hyperfine splitting for the 3-methyl-group. The remaining splittings are all less than 3.5 MHz. The second moment of the ESR line of fully (13)C-enriched 9-desoxo-9,10-dehydro-Chl a(+) agrees with that of [(13)C]P700(+) to within 10%. Application of the special-pair model to the [(13)C]P700(+) second-moment data yields a 100% error. Ab initio molecular orbital calculations on ethyl chlorophyllide a enol cation bear out the ESR and ENDOR data. We conclude that a monomeric Chl a enol model provides a better description of the magnetic resonance parameters and oxidation potential of P700 than a Chl a special-pair model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Wasielewski
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Chen SM, Sheu JN, Wu TT, Tsao TF, Lin CP. Double-balloon enteroscopy for bleeding Meckel's diverticulum in a child younger than 4 years of age. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; 70:398-400. [PMID: 19243766 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Tsai WL, Cheng JS, Lai KH, Lin CP, Lo GH, Hsu PI, Yu HC, Lin CK, Chan HH, Chen WC, Chen TA, Li WL, Liang HL. Clinical trial: percutaneous acetic acid injection vs. percutaneous ethanol injection for small hepatocellular carcinoma--a long-term follow-up study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 28:304-11. [PMID: 19086330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03702.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term outcome of percutaneous acetic acid injection (PAI) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for treating small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. AIM To compare the long-term outcome of PAI vs. PEI for treating small HCC. METHODS From July 1998 to July 2004, 125 patients with small HCC were enrolled. Seventy patients receiving PAI and 55 patients receiving PEI were enrolled. There were no significant differences in the clinical characteristics between the two groups. Tumour recurrence and survival rates were assessed. RESULTS Mean follow-up time was 43 months. The local recurrence rate and new tumour recurrence rate were similar between the PAI and PEI groups. The PAI group had significantly better survival than the PEI group (P = 0.027). Multivariate analysis revealed that PAI was the significant factor associated with overall survival [PAI vs. PEI, RR: 0.639, 95% CI: (0.419-1.975), P = 0.038]. The treatment sessions required to achieve complete tumour necrosis were significantly fewer in the PAI group than in the PEI group (2.4 +/- 1.0 vs. 2.9 +/- 1.3, P = 0.018). CONCLUSION Percutaneous acetic acid injection required fewer treatment sessions than PEI and provided better survival after long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin CP, Chen YH, Lin WT, Leu HB, Liu TZ, Huang SL, Chen JW. Direct effect of statins on homocysteine-induced endothelial adhesiveness: potential impact to human atherosclerosis. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:106-16. [PMID: 18226044 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2007.01911.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although homocysteine (HCY) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, recent clinical trials failed to show the benefits by reducing plasma HCY. Alternative strategy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, statins, might be feasible. This study investigated HCY-induced endothelial adhesiveness with mononuclear cells (MNCs) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The direct endothelial protective effects of statins were also examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Circulating MNCs were isolated from 14 stable CAD patients and 7 age- and gender-matched healthy subjects. Superoxide production of MNCs was determined by Ultra-weak and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were used for endothelial adhesiveness to MNCs or U937 human monocytic cells. Endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were examined by Western blot. RESULTS Superoxide production of MNCs and plasma HCY and high-sensitive CRP levels were significantly increased in CAD patients than in healthy subjects. Stimulation with HCY enhanced the endothelial adhesiveness to MNCs from CAD patients or to U937 cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas it was obscure with MNCs from healthy subjects. HCY stimulated endothelial VCAM-1 but not ICAM-1 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Monoclonal antibodies to VCAM-1 attenuated HCY-induced endothelial adhesiveness. Simvastatin or pravastatin significantly reduced HCY-induced VCAM-1 expression and endothelial adhesiveness to MNCs from CAD patients. CONCLUSION Circulating MNCs were activated in CAD patients, which was critical to HCY-induced endothelial adhesiveness. Statins could directly reduce HCY-induced endothelial-MNC adhesion via VCAM-1 inhibition, suggesting its potential implication in HCY-related atherosclerosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yeung SY, Huang CS, Chan CP, Lin CP, Lin HN, Lee PH, Jia HW, Huang SK, Jeng JH, Chang MC. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of chlorhexidine and its interaction with calcium hydroxide solutions. Int Endod J 2007; 40:837-44. [PMID: 17877724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of chlorhexidine (CHX). METHODOLOGY The scavenging and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by CHX in the presence or absence of saturated Ca(OH)(2) solutions was evaluated. The reaction emitted chemiluminescence in the presence of lucigenin thus was determined by a luminometer to evaluate the levels of ROS production. Changes in DNA conformation were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the difference between groups. RESULTS Chlorhexidine (0.00002-0.02%) effectively scavenged 56-88% of the superoxide radicals generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Through analysis of PUC18 DNA conformation changes, CHX was shown to be a mild scavenger of hydroxyl radicals generated by H(2)O(2) plus FeCl(2). However, CHX (>0.083%) decreased the mobility of PUC18 plasmid DNA with potential production of DNA-DNA cross-link and severe DNA breaks (presence of DNA smear) at further higher concentrations. Furthermore, CHX induced ROS production including H(2)O(2) and superoxide radicals in 0.1N NaOH (pH = 12.76) or Ca(OH)(2) (pH = 12.5) solutions. CONCLUSION Chlorhexidine exhibited both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties under different conditions. These events are possibly involved in the killing of root canal and periodontal microorganisms when CHX and Ca(OH)(2) were used in combination or separately. Potential genotoxicity and tissue damage when extruded into the periradicular tissue and at higher concentrations should be considered during periodontal and endodontic practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels have been related to clinical outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease. Though statin treatment might reduce serum MMPs the change of levels after statin withdrawal remains obscure. MATERIALS AND METHOD Sixty-one consecutive hypercholesterolaemic patients whose lipid profiles had been well controlled by regular simvastatin (20 mg day(-1)) treatment for more than 6 months were enrolled. Statin was discontinued after their lipid profiles reached the treatment goal of the ATP-III guideline. The lipid profiles, serum MMP-2, MMP-3 and MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of MMP and highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels were measured on the day of simvastatin withdrawal and 120 days later. A further 50 hyperlipidaemia patients who had never received statin treatment (positive control group) and 28 healthy patients with normal lipid profiles (negative control group) were also studied as control groups. RESULTS While the lipid profiles had been normalized, the levels of serum inflammatory markers were still higher in hypercholesterolaemic patients than in the healthy subjects. Up to 120 days after statin withdrawal there was no coronary event, but the lipid profiles and serum hsCRP levels had significantly rebounded in study patients. However, serum MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels remained unchanged and the MMP-3 level was even further reduced after statin withdrawal (115.04 +/- 84.54 vs. 92.71 +/- 66.71 ng mL(-1), P = 0.022). Moreover, the amplitudes of variation (%) of each parameter including MMPs, TIMP, hsCRP and lipid profiles after statin withdrawal were inversely correlated to their respective baseline levels before withdrawal (r = -0.702 to -0.284; P < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS The effects of short-term discontinuation of statin were different on serum hsCRP and MMPs levels in hypercholesterolaemic patients. While lipid profiles and serum hsCRP level had rebounded the serum MMPs levels were still unchanged, or even reduced, suggesting the prolonged effect of statin treatment, especially on serum MMP-3 level up to 120 days after simvastatin withdrawal. Further work is required to clarify the situation both in terms of these serum markers and clinical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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37
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests the important role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the progression of atherosclerosis and development of clinical events. We assessed the prognostic value of different plasma MMPs in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 165 consecutive nondiabetic patients with angiographically significant CAD (n = 150) or normal coronary angiograms despite exercise-induced myocardial ischemia (cardiac syndrome X, n = 15) and 17 normal subjects were evaluated. In each subject, plasma inflammatory markers including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and MMP-2, 3 and 9 were measured. In CAD patients, major cardiovascular events including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, unscheduled coronary revascularization and hospitalization as a result of unstable angina were prospectively followed up for more than 6 months. RESULTS Plasma levels of MMPs were significantly higher in CAD patients than in those with cardiac syndrome X and in normal subjects (MMP-2: 914.76 +/- 13.20 vs. 830.79 +/- 31.95 vs. 783.08 +/- 28.40 ng mL(-1), P = 0.002; MMP-3: 129.59 +/- 4.21 vs. 116.86 +/- 8.09 vs. 91.71 +/- 9.55 ng mL(-1), P = 0.011; MMP-9: 31.42 +/- 2.84 vs. 11.40 +/- 5.49 vs. 6.71 +/- 2.89 ng mL(-1), P = 0.006). In CAD patients, there were 48 major cardiovascular events during a mean follow-up period of 17.74 +/- 0.85 months. The numbers of diseased vessels (HR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.20-1.02, P = 0.011), plasma hsCRP (HR = 2.21, 95% CI 1.18-4.11, P = 0.013) and MMP-3 level (HR = 2.46, 95% CI = 1.15-5.28, P = 0.021) were associated with the development of cardiovascular events. However, only the plasma MMP-3 level was an independent predictor of the adverse events in CAD patients (HR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.10-5.54, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS Plasma MMP levels were increased in CAD patients. Plasma MMP-3 level, rather than hsCRP, was an independent prognostic marker for future cardiovascular events, suggesting its potential role in risk stratification and clinical management of stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Wu
- National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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38
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Selective RPE laser therapy with sparing of the neurosensory layer is possible by applying repetitive microsecond laser pulses. Macular diseases such as diabetic maculopathy, soft confluent drusen due to age-related macular degeneration or central serous chorioretinopathy were shown to be treated successfully-without concurrent laser scotoma-by this technique. It was the goal of this study to show, if selectivity could also be achieved using a conventional green cw-laser by scanning the beam across the retina during irradiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cw-laser beam at 532 nm was coupled to a slitlamp via a single mode optical fiber. The spot (18 microm) was scanned across the retina of Dutch-belted rabbits through a contact lens using a two-dimensional acusto-optical deflector. The scan-field was 300 microm x 300 microm in size and consisted of six separate scan lines. The scanning speed was adjusted so as to produce 5 micros exposure at each absorber in the center of the scan line. The entire scan pattern was applied 100 times at each site at a frame rate of 100 Hz. Dose response curve was measured by variation of the laser power. ED(50)-thresholds for RPE damage were calculated by fluorescein angiographic leakage in irradiated areas after exposure to different laser intensities. The extent of selectivity was examined by light microscopy. RESULTS Clinically the selective laser-induced RPE defect was demonstrated by fluorescein angiographic leakage and concurrent absence of ophthalmoscopic visibility. The angiographic ED(50)-damage threshold was 161 mJ/cm(2) (66 mW). Ophthalmoscopic visibility was not noticed even with the maximum available radiant exposure of 438 mJ/cm(2) (180 mW). Thus the safety range between angiographic and ophthalmoscopic thresholds had a factor of at least 2.7. First histological examinations revealed selective RPE destruction with intact photoreceptors for irradiation at laser power levels 2 times above angiographic threshold. CONCLUSION Selective RPE targeting is feasible with a conventional green cw-laser when scanning the focused laser beam across the fundus with a speed such that every point in exposed RPE is irradiated for duration of 5 micros.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Framme
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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39
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Abstract
An in vivo flow cytometer is developed that allows the real-time detection and quantification of circulating fluorescently labeled cells in live animals. A signal from a cell population of interest is recorded as the cells pass through a slit of light focused across a blood vessel. Confocal detection of the excited fluorescence allows continuous monitoring of labeled cells in the upper layers of scattering tissue, such as the skin. The device is used to characterize the in vivo kinetics of red and white blood cells circulating in the vasculatúre of the mouse ear. Potential applications in biology and medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Novak
- Wellman Laboratory of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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40
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Yeung SY, Lan WH, Huang CS, Lin CP, Chan CP, Chang MC, Jeng JH. Scavenging property of three cresol isomers against H2O2, hypochlorite, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Food Chem Toxicol 2002; 40:1403-13. [PMID: 12387302 DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6915(02)00102-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Formocresol has long been used for pulpotomy of primary teeth and as an intracanal medicament. Little is known, however, about the pharmacological effect of tricresols. This study showed that three cresol isomers, o-cresol, m-cresol and p-cresol, are H2O2 scavengers with a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 502, 6.7 and 10.16 microM, respectively. o-, m- and p-cresol were also shown to be effective scavengers of superoxide radicals generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase with an IC50 of 282, 153 and > 4000 microM, respectively, as analyzed by luminometer. o-, m- and p-cresol showed protective effects on the DNA breaks generated by H2O2/FeCl2 and FeCl3/ascorbate/H2O2 systems at concentrations ranging from 70 microM to 1.43 mM, o-, m- and p-cresol also showed differential protective effects against DNA breaks induced by 0.17% NaOCl with 100% inhibitory concentration (IC100) of about 10, 1 and 10 mM, respectively. In addition, reaction with 3% H2O2 and 0.17% NaOCl completely prevented NaOCl-induced DNA breaks. The results indicate that the three cresol isomers are effective ROS scavengers and may prevent ROS induced damage when used as pulpotomy agents or as intracanal medicaments. Owing to the difference in the position of the functional hydroxyl group in the three cresol isomers, m-cresol is the most effective ROS scavenger. Concomitant use of H2O2 for root canal irrigation may diminish both the tissue dissolving capacity of NaOCl and NaOCl-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yeung
- Department of Dentistry, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study attempted to find a method of restoring the tensile bond strength of glass ionomer cement (GIC) to saliva contaminated enamel under unrinse condition. METHODS One hundred and thirty human non-carious permanent teeth were divided into two major groups. Either treatment with air drying, acetone, polyacrylic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, Scotchbond primer or no treatment at all was applied to both clean and saliva contaminated enamel surfaces prior to GIC placement. Samples were debonded in tension after 7 days of storage in water using a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey's studentized range test and Wilcoxon's rank sums test to determine the significance of the difference of tensile bond strengths within and between the two major groups. RESULTS Bond strength of GIC to clean enamel was 2.46+/-0.79 MPa while the bond strength of GIC to wet contaminated enamel was significantly reduced to 1.28+/-0.32 MPa (p<0.01). However, the bond strengths were restored when the contaminated enamel surfaces were air-dried (2.19+/-0.38 MPa) or applied with either maleic acid (2.80+/-0.63 MPa) or Scotchbond primer (2.13+/-0.65 MPa) before placing GIC over the enamels. CONCLUSIONS Air drying, or application of maleic acid or Scotchbond primer to the contaminated enamel without rinsing prior to GIC placement can restore the tensile bond strength to a level similar to that of non-contaminated control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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42
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Lin CP, Chan KC, Chou YM, Wang MJ, Tsai SK. Transoesophageal echocardiographic monitoring of pulmonary venous obstruction induced by sternotomy closure during infant heart transplantation. Br J Anaesth 2002; 88:590-2. [PMID: 12066740 DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.4.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of an infant receiving orthotopic heart transplantation with over-sized donor heart was reported. Left lower pulmonary venous obstruction after sternotomy closure was detected by transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) and the decision to delay sternal closure was made and the clinical outcome was very satisfactory. The usefulness of intraoperative TOE monitoring and postoperative TOE follow-up for infant heart transplantation, especially in those cases of size mismatch, was well demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei
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43
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Lin CP, Tseng WY, Cheng HC, Chen JH. Validation of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance axonal fiber imaging with registered manganese-enhanced optic tracts. Neuroimage 2001; 14:1035-47. [PMID: 11697935 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2001.0882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Noninvasive mapping of white matter tracts using diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DTMRI) is potentially useful in revealing anatomical connectivity in the human brain. However, a gold standard for validating DTMRI in defining axonal fiber orientation is still lacking. This study presents the first validation of the principal eigenvector of the diffusion tensor in defining axonal fiber orientation by superimposing DTMRI with manganese-enhanced MRI of optic tracts. A rat model was developed in which optic tracts were enhanced by manganese ions. Manganese ion (Mn(2+)) is a potent T1-shortening agent and can be uptaken and transported actively along the axon. Based on this property, we obtained enhanced optic tracts with a T1-weighted spin-echo sequence 10 h after intravitreal injection of Mn(2+). The images were compared with DTMRI acquired with exact spatial registration. Deviation angles between tangential vectors of the enhanced tracts and the principal eigenvectors of the diffusion tensor were then computed pixel by pixel. We found that under signal-to-noise (SNR) of 30, the variance of deviation angles was (13.27 degrees). In addition, the dependence of this variance on SNR obeys stochastic behavior if SNR is greater than 10. Based on this relation, we estimated that an rms deviation of less than 10 degrees could be achieved with DTMRI when SNR is 40 or greater. In conclusion, our method bypasses technical difficulties in conventional histological approach and provides an in vivo gold standard for validating DTMRI in mapping white matter tracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Interdisciplinary MRI/MRS Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Abstract
In the present study six types of tricalcium phosphate ceramic were prepared and soaked in distilled water for different periods to investigate whether a surface apatite layer was formed on TCP ceramics or not. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectrometer were used to examine the changes in crystalline phases and functional groups of TCP ceramics for different soaking periods. Calcium and phosphate ions released from TCP ceramics during soaking were recorded by atomic absorption analysis and ion-coupled plasma. Results revealed that alphaTCP, alphaTCP/betaTCP mixture (alphabetaTCP) and betaTCP ceramic were gradually dissolved. There was no apatite layer formed on their surface after being immersed in distilled water for different durations of time. Mg-TCP ceramic, tricalcium phosphate doped with Mg ions, exhibited a lower dissolution rate than the other types of TCP ceramics. Apatite crystals were also not formed on the surface of Mg-TCP ceramic when immersed in distilled water. Tribasic calcium phosphate, prepared from wet precipitation method, was converted to betaTCP/HAP (HbetaTCP) or alphaTCP/betaTCP/HAP (HalphabetaTCP) crystalline composition at different sintering temperatures (1,150 degrees C and 1,300 degrees C). The surface apatite layer did not appear on HbetaTCP ceramic after soaking. We observed that petal-like apatite was formed on the HalphabetaTCP ceramic surface after being immersed for 2 weeks. alphaTCP phase of HalphabetaTCP ceramic was not directly converted to apatite during soaking. The surface apatite layer formed on the HalphabetaTCP ceramic surface was due to the precipitation of the calcium and phosphate ions released from alphaTCP dissolution. HAP, which existed in the structure of HalphabetaTCP ceramic, plays a role as apatite-precipitating seed to uptake calcium and phosphate ions. TCP ceramics which lacked alphaTCP and HAP content neither converted to apatite nor formed surface apatite on their surfaces during immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H Lin
- Center of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei
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45
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Hsu PI, Lai KH, Lo GH, Lin CK, Lo CC, Wang EM, Wang YY, Tsai WL, Lin CP, Tseng HH, Chen HC, Chen JL. Sequential changes of gastric hyperplastic polyps following endoscopic ligation. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 2001; 64:609-14. [PMID: 11853213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic ligation has been extensively applied in the management of esophageal and gastric varices with or without bleeding. The varices are automatically eradicated through the use of ligation. However, whether avascular necrosis will occur in a gastrointestinal polyp when the base is ligated remains unclear. The aims of this pilot study were to investigate the sequential changes of gastric hyperplastic polyps following endoscopic detachable snare ligation and to determine the possibility of induction of avascular necrosis in these lesions following ligation. METHODS Eleven patients with eighteen gastric hyperplastic polyps were treated with endoscopic detachable-snare ligation. The polyps were observed for 5 minutes and biopsies were then conducted. At 14 days after endoscopic ligation, follow-up endoscopies were performed to assess the outcome of the strangulated polyps. RESULTS After being strangulated by the detachable snares, a majority of the polyps immediately congested (94%), and then developed cyanotic change (89%) approximately 4 minutes later. Pathological examination revealed severe venous congestion in the lamina propria of the strangulated polyps. On follow-up endoscopy 2 weeks later, all the snares had dropped off, and avascular necrosis occurred in sixteen polyps (89%). All of the polyps with avascular necrosis were detected to have developed cyanotic changes in initial endoscopy. No complications occurred during or following the ligation procedure. CONCLUSIONS Most gastric hyperplastic polyps develop avascular necrosis following ligation by detachable snare. Cyanotic change is an important predictor of the outcomes of the lesions following endoscopic ligation. The application of this ligation technique in treatment of bleeding or non-bleeding gastrointestinal polyps deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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46
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Abstract
The effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on corneal cells is not well understood. We investigated the biochemical changes of cultured porcine corneal keratocytes under exposure to ET-1. The results indicate that ET-1 has remarkable effects to inhibit corneal keratocytes on 3H-thymidine, 3H-leucine, 3H-uridine uptakes and cellular migration. It is in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) M to 10(-9) M. The 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) for ET-1, as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, 3H-uridine uptake and 3H-leucine uptake, were 10(-7) M, 10(-0.52) M and 10(-11.8) M, respectively. The dead and living cells were estimated with MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay that was converted tetrazolium dye of living cells only into insoluble purple formazan crystals within mitochondria. In the presence of ET-1, the cellular MTT values were also decreased. The ID50 for ET-1 with cell migration assay and MTT assay were measured at 10(-7.86) M and 10(-5.1) M. Endothelin-1 (10(-6) M) promptly changed cellular morphology and attenuated adhesion observed with laser scanning cytometer. Endothelin-1-induced characteristic apoptosis cells were observed using a TUNEL assay that detected fragmented DNA of apoptosis. Western blot assay revealed that endothelin-1 induced proteolysis and decreased in fibronectin protein. These findings indicate that endothelin-1 may lead keratocytes to death resulting from induction of apoptosis and functional loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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47
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Abstract
We describe a new method of cell destruction that may have potential for use in antitumor therapy. Cells are loaded by phagocytosis with microparticles (<1 microm) and irradiated with short laser pulses. Absorption of laser energy by the microparticles causes localized vaporization of the fluid surrounding the microparticles, leading to the generation of transient vapor bubbles (microcavitation) around the microparticles. Using cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells, we demonstrate that induction of intralysosomal microcavitation is an efficient, rapid and selective method of cell killing that is dependent on the number of microparticles, the number of laser pulses, and the fluence of the laser pulses. Cell killing by microcavitation is a very selective process that is restricted to cells containing microparticles, leaving other cells unaffected. Intracytoplasmic release of lysosomal hydrolases is, in part, responsible for cell death, because the protease inhibitors E64d and TLCK diminished cell killing. Using the broad-specificity caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk, we determined that lysosomal hydrolases could induce apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner. We also examined the possibility of microcavitation-induced delayed effects in the cells that survived the treatment. Using flow cytometry, we determined that there was no delayed cell death between 1 and 4 days after microcavitation. Moreover, we did not observe changes in the cell cycle, in expression of the proteins BCL2, HSP70 and HSP27, or in PARP degradation. In conclusion, microcavitation induces rapid and specific cells death (limited only to cells containing microparticles), without producing delayed effects among the surviving cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Leszczynski
- Wellman Laboratories of Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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49
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Abstract
The effect of endothelins on corneal endothelial cells is not well understood. We have investigated the effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1), endothelin-2 (ET-2) and endothelin-3 (ET-3) on bovine corneal endothelial cellular proliferation and the secondary messenger changes in cells in the presence of ET-1. It was found that the 3H-thymidine uptake was enhanced by ET-1 significantly, whereas ET-2 and ET-3 had no effect. ET-1 remarkably affects the increase of corneal endothelial cells on 3H-thymidine, 3H-leucine, and 3H-uridine uptakes in a dose-dependent manner. The 50% effective concentrations (EC50) for ET-1, as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, 3H-uridine uptake, and 3H-leucine uptake were 10(-8.78) M, 10(-8.53) M and 10(-8.04) M, respectively. It was found that endothelin-1 increased intracellular calcium concentration by using the method of preloading with Fura-2-AM and assaying with spectrophotometry. The cellular IP1, IP2, and IP3 were also stimulated in the presence of ET-1. Moreover, ET-1 enhanced the basal cellular cAMP and cGMP concentrations in corneal endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Immunofluorescent staining revealed that ET-1 increased the fibronectin protein concentration and changed protein distribution in corneal endothelial cells. These findings indicate that endothelin-1 increases in cell proliferation and biological changes may be involved in changing intracellular calcium mobility, increasing intracellular phosphoinositides, enhancing intracellular cGMP and cAMP accumulation, and fibronectin protein synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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50
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Abstract
Although techniques for repairing root fracture have been proposed, the prognosis is generally poor. If the fusion of a root fracture by laser is possible, it will offer an alternative to extraction. Our group has attempted to use lasers to fuse a low melting-point bioactive glass to fractured dentin. This report is focused on the phase, compositional, and morphological changes observed by means of X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transforming infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in human dentin after exposure to Nd:YAG laser. The irradiation energies were from 150 mJ/ pulse-10 pps-4 s to 150 mJ/pulse-30 pps-4 s. After exposure to Nd:YAG laser, dentin showed four peaks on the X-ray diffractometer that corresponding to a-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and beta-TCP at 20 = 30.78 degrees/34.21 degrees and 32.47 degrees/33.05 degrees, respectively. The peaks of a-TCP and beta-TCP gradually increased in intensity with the elevation of irradiation energy. In Fourier transforming infrared analysis, two absorption bands at 2200 cm(-1) and 2015 cm(-1) could be traced on dentin treated by Nd:YAG laser with the irradiation energies beyond 150 mJ/pulse-10 pps-4 s. The energy dispersive X-ray results showed that the calcium/phosphorus ratios of the irradiated area proportionally increased with the elevation of irradiation energy. The laser energies of 150 mJ/ pulse-30 pps-4 s and 150 mJ/pulse-20 pps-4 s could result in the a-TCP formation and collagen breakdown. However, the formation of glass-like melted substances without a-TCP at the irradiated site was induced by the energy output of 150 mJ/ pulse-10 pps-4 s. Scanning electron micrographs also revealed that the laser energy of 150 mJ/ pulse-10 pps-4 s was sufficient to prompt melting and recrystallization of dentin crystals without cracking. Therefore, we suggest that the irradiation energy of Nd:YAG laser used to fuse a low melting-point bioactive glass to dentin is 150 mJ/ pulse-10 pps-4 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Lin
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Republic of China
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