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Fielding D, Lakis V, Dalley AJ, Chittoory H, Newell F, Koufariotis LT, Patch AM, Kazakoff S, Bashirzadeh F, Son JH, Ryan K, Steinfort D, Williamson JP, Bint M, Pahoff C, Nguyen PT, Twaddell S, Arnold D, Grainge C, Pattison A, Fairbairn D, Gune S, Christie J, Holmes O, Leonard C, Wood S, Pearson JV, Lakhani SR, Waddell N, Simpson PT, Nones K. Evaluation of Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) Samples from Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer for Whole Genome, Whole Exome and Comprehensive Panel Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:785. [PMID: 38398180 PMCID: PMC10887389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is often the only source of tumor tissue from patients with advanced, inoperable lung cancer. EBUS-TBNA aspirates are used for the diagnosis, staging, and genomic testing to inform therapy options. Here we extracted DNA and RNA from 220 EBUS-TBNA aspirates to evaluate their suitability for whole genome (WGS), whole exome (WES), and comprehensive panel sequencing. For a subset of 40 cases, the same nucleic acid extraction was sequenced using WGS, WES, and the TruSight Oncology 500 assay. Genomic features were compared between sequencing platforms and compared with those reported by clinical testing. A total of 204 aspirates (92.7%) had sufficient DNA (100 ng) for comprehensive panel sequencing, and 109 aspirates (49.5%) had sufficient material for WGS. Comprehensive sequencing platforms detected all seven clinically reported tier 1 actionable mutations, an additional three (7%) tier 1 mutations, six (15%) tier 2-3 mutations, and biomarkers of potential immunotherapy benefit (tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability). As expected, WGS was more suited for the detection and discovery of emerging novel biomarkers of treatment response. WGS could be performed in half of all EBUS-TBNA aspirates, which points to the enormous potential of EBUS-TBNA as source material for large, well-curated discovery-based studies for novel and more effective predictors of treatment response. Comprehensive panel sequencing is possible in the vast majority of fresh EBUS-TBNA aspirates and enhances the detection of actionable mutations over current clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fielding
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Felicity Newell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Lambros T. Koufariotis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Stephen Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Kimberley Ryan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (F.B.); (J.H.S.); (K.R.)
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Jonathan P. Williamson
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Liverpool Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia;
| | - Phan Tien Nguyen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Scott Twaddell
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - David Arnold
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Christopher Grainge
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2305, Australia; (S.T.); (D.A.); (C.G.)
| | - Andrew Pattison
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia; (M.B.); (A.P.)
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Shailendra Gune
- NSW Health Pathology South, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2170, Australia;
| | - Jemma Christie
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3050, Australia; (D.S.); (J.C.)
| | - Oliver Holmes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Conrad Leonard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Scott Wood
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - John V. Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (A.J.D.); (H.C.); (S.R.L.); (P.T.S.)
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (V.L.); (F.N.); (L.T.K.); (A.-M.P.); (S.K.); (O.H.); (C.L.); (S.W.); (J.V.P.); (N.W.); (K.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia
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Fielding D, Dalley AJ, Singh M, Nandakumar L, Lakis V, Chittoory H, Fairbairn D, Patch AM, Kazakoff SH, Ferguson K, Bashirzadeh F, Bint M, Pahoff C, Son JH, Ryan K, Hodgson A, Sharma S, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Hartel G, Simpson PT, Nones K. Discrepancies in tumor mutation burden reporting from sequential endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration samples within single lymph node stations - brief report. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259882. [PMID: 37927461 PMCID: PMC10620689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tumour Mutation Burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker for immune cancer therapies. Here we investigated parameters that might affect TMB using duplicate cytology smears obtained from endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS TBNA)-sampled malignant lymph nodes. Methods Individual Diff-Quik cytology smears were prepared for each needle pass. DNA extracted from each smear underwent sequencing using large gene panel (TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500 - Illumina)). TMB was estimated using the TSO500 Local App v. 2.0 (Illumina). Results Twenty patients had two or more Diff-Quik smears (total 45 smears) which passed sequencing quality control. Average smear TMB was 8.7 ± 5.0 mutations per megabase (Mb). Sixteen of the 20 patients had paired samples with minimal differences in TMB score (average difference 1.3 ± 0.85). Paired samples from 13 patients had concordant TMB (scores below or above a threshold of 10 mutations/Mb). Markedly discrepant TMB was observed in four cases, with an average difference of 11.3 ± 2.7 mutations/Mb. Factors affecting TMB calling included sample tumour content, the amount of DNA used in sequencing, and bone fide heterogeneity of node tumour between paired samples. Conclusion TMB assessment is feasible from EBUS-TBNA smears from a single needle pass. Repeated samples of a lymph node station have minimal variation in TMB in most cases. However, this novel data shows how tumour content and minor change in site of node sampling can impact TMB. Further study is needed on whether all node aspirates should be combined in 1 sample, or whether testing independent nodes using smears is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mahendra Singh
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lakshmy Nandakumar
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Kaltin Ferguson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kimberley Ryan
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Hodgson
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sowmya Sharma
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ACL Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John V. Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Sunil R. Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter T. Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Fielding D, Dalley AJ, Singh M, Nandakumar L, Lakis V, Chittoory H, Fairbairn D, Ferguson K, Bashirzadeh F, Bint M, Pahoff C, Son JH, Hodgson A, Pearson JV, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Hartel G, Nones K, Simpson PT. Whole Genome Sequencing in Advanced Lung Cancer can be Performed Using Diff-Quik Cytology Smears Derived from Endobronchial Ultrasound, Transbronchial Needle Aspiration (EBUS TBNA). Lung 2023; 201:407-413. [PMID: 37405466 PMCID: PMC10444633 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maximising alternative sample types for genomics in advanced lung cancer is important because bronchoscopic samples may sometimes be insufficient for this purpose. Further, the clinical applications of comprehensive molecular analysis such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) are rapidly developing. Diff-Quik cytology smears from EBUS TBNA is an alternative source of DNA, but its feasibility for WGS has not been previously demonstrated. METHODS Diff-Quik smears were collected along with research cell pellets. RESULTS Tumour content of smears were compared to research cell pellets from 42 patients, which showed good correlation (Spearman correlation 0.85, P < 0.0001). A subset of eight smears underwent WGS, which presented similar mutation profiles to WGS of the matched cell pellet. DNA yield was predicted using a regression equation of the smears cytology features, which correctly predicted DNA yield > 1500 ng in 7 out of 8 smears. CONCLUSIONS WGS of commonly collected Diff-Quik slides is feasible and their DNA yield can be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew J Dalley
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mahendra Singh
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lakshmy Nandakumar
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kaltin Ferguson
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Australia
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alan Hodgson
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John V Pearson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Tuffaha H, Edmunds K, Fairbairn D, Roberts MJ, Chambers S, Smith DP, Horvath L, Arora S, Scuffham P. Guidelines for genetic testing in prostate cancer: a scoping review. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2023:10.1038/s41391-023-00676-0. [PMID: 37202470 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-023-00676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic testing, to identify pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in prostate cancer, is valuable in guiding treatment decisions for men with prostate cancer and to inform cancer prevention and early detection options for their immediate blood relatives. There are various guidelines and consensus statements for genetic testing in prostate cancer. Our aim is to review genetic testing recommendations across current guidelines and consensus statements and the level of evidence supporting those recommendations. METHODS A scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. Electronic database searches and manual searches of grey literature, including websites of key organisations were conducted. Using the Population, Concept, Context (PCC) framework, this scoping review included: men with prostate cancer or men at high risk of prostate cancer and their biological families; existing guidelines and consensus statements with supporting evidence for genetic testing of men with prostate cancer from any geographical location worldwide. RESULTS Of the 660 citations identified, 23 guidelines and consensus statements met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review. Based on different levels of evidence about who should be tested and how, a diverse range of recommendations were identified. There was general consensus among the guidelines and consensus statements that men with metastatic disease be offered genetic testing; however, there was less consensus in relation to genetic testing in localised prostate cancer. While there was some consensus in relation to which genes to test, recommendations varied regarding who to test, testing methods and implementation. CONCLUSION While genetic testing in prostate cancer is routinely recommended and numerous guidelines exist, there is still considerable lack of consensus regarding who should be tested and how they should be tested. Further evidence is needed to inform value-based genetic testing strategies for implementation in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Tuffaha
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kim Edmunds
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew J Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Suzanne Chambers
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Brisbane, NSW, Australia
| | - David P Smith
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, A Joint Venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Clinical Prostate Cancer Group, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Shiksha Arora
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul Scuffham
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Fielding DI, Dalley AJ, Singh M, Nandakumar L, Lakis V, Chittoory H, Fairbairn D, Patch AM, Kazakoff SH, Ferguson K, Bashirzadeh F, Bint M, Pahoff C, Son JH, Hodgson A, Sharma S, Waddell N, Lakhani SR, Hartel G, Nones K, Simpson PT. Evaluating Diff-Quik cytology smears for large-panel mutation testing in lung cancer-Predicting DNA content and success with low-malignant-cellularity samples. Cancer Cytopathol 2023. [PMID: 36938641 DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytology smears are commonly collected during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS TBNA) procedures but are rarely used for molecular testing. Studies are needed to demonstrate their great potential, in particular for the prediction of malignant cell DNA content and for utility in molecular diagnostics using large gene panels. METHODS A prospective study was performed on samples from 66 patients with malignant lymph nodes who underwent EBUS TBNA. All patients had air-dried, Diff-Quik cytology smears and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell blocks collected for cytopathology and molecular testing. One hundred eighty-five smears were evaluated by microscopy to estimate malignant cell percentage and abundance and to calculate smear size and were subjected to DNA extraction. DNA from 56 smears from 27 patients was sequenced with the TruSight Oncology 500 assay (Illumina). RESULTS Each microscopy parameter had a significant effect on the DNA yield. An algorithm was developed that predicted a >50-ng DNA yield of a smear with an area under the curve of 0.86. Fifty DNA samples (89%) with varying malignant yields were successfully sequenced. Low-malignant-cell content (<25%) and smear area (<15%) were the main reasons for failure. All standard-of-care mutations were detected in replicate smears from individual patients, regardless of malignant cell content. Tier 1/2 mutations were discovered in two cases where standard-of-care specimens were inadequate for sequencing. Smears were scored for tumor mutation burden. CONCLUSIONS Microscopy of Diff-Quik smears can triage samples for comprehensive panel sequencing, which highlights smears as an excellent alternative to traditional testing with cell blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- David I Fielding
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew J Dalley
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mahendra Singh
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lakshmy Nandakumar
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vanessa Lakis
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haarika Chittoory
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Fairbairn
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ann-Marie Patch
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen H Kazakoff
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaltin Ferguson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Farzad Bashirzadeh
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Bint
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carl Pahoff
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jung Hwa Son
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alan Hodgson
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sowmya Sharma
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ACL Pathology, Bellavista, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Pathology Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gunter Hartel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Li N, Huang X, Zhao H, Qiu X, Deng K, Jia G, Li Z, Fairbairn D, Gong X. A Combined Quantitative Evaluation Model for the Capability of Hyperspectral Imagery for Mineral Mapping. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:s19020328. [PMID: 30650620 PMCID: PMC6359101 DOI: 10.3390/s19020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To analyze the influence factors of hyperspectral remote sensing data processing, and quantitatively evaluate the application capability of hyperspectral data, a combined evaluation model based on the physical process of imaging and statistical analysis was proposed. The normalized average distance between different classes of ground cover is selected as the evaluation index. The proposed model considers the influence factors of the full radiation transmission process and processing algorithms. First- and second-order statistical characteristics (mean and covariance) were applied to calculate the changes for the imaging process based on the radiation energy transfer. The statistical analysis was combined with the remote sensing process and the application performance, which consists of the imaging system parameters and imaging conditions, by building the imaging system and processing models. The season (solar zenith angle), sensor parameters (ground sampling distance, modulation transfer function, spectral resolution, spectral response function, and signal to noise ratio), and number of features were considered in order to analyze the influence factors of the application capability level. Simulated and real data collected by Hymap in the Dongtianshan area (Xinjiang Province, China), were used to estimate the proposed model’s performance in the application of mineral mapping. The predicted application capability of the proposed model is consistent with the theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xinchen Huang
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
| | - Huijie Zhao
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
- Correspondence: (N.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xianfei Qiu
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
| | - Kewang Deng
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
| | - Guorui Jia
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
| | - Zhenhong Li
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (Z.L.); (D.F.)
| | - David Fairbairn
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 7RU, UK; (Z.L.); (D.F.)
| | - Xuemei Gong
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.H.); (X.Q.); (K.D.); (G.J.); (X.G.)
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Karpuzcu ME, Fairbairn D, Arnold WA, Barber BL, Kaufenberg E, Koskinen WC, Novak PJ, Rice PJ, Swackhamer DL. Identifying sources of emerging organic contaminants in a mixed use watershed using principal components analysis. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2014; 16:2390-9. [PMID: 25135154 DOI: 10.1039/c4em00324a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to identify sources of emerging organic contaminants in the Zumbro River watershed in Southeastern Minnesota. Two main principal components (PCs) were identified, which together explained more than 50% of the variance in the data. Principal Component 1 (PC1) was attributed to urban wastewater-derived sources, including municipal wastewater and residential septic tank effluents, while Principal Component 2 (PC2) was attributed to agricultural sources. The variances of the concentrations of cotinine, DEET and the prescription drugs carbamazepine, erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were best explained by PC1, while the variances of the concentrations of the agricultural pesticides atrazine, metolachlor and acetochlor were best explained by PC2. Mixed use compounds carbaryl, iprodione and daidzein did not specifically group with either PC1 or PC2. Furthermore, despite the fact that caffeine and acetaminophen have been historically associated with human use, they could not be attributed to a single dominant land use category (e.g., urban/residential or agricultural). Contributions from septic systems did not clarify the source for these two compounds, suggesting that additional sources, such as runoff from biosolid-amended soils, may exist. Based on these results, PCA may be a useful way to broadly categorize the sources of new and previously uncharacterized emerging contaminants or may help to clarify transport pathways in a given area. Acetaminophen and caffeine were not ideal markers for urban/residential contamination sources in the study area and may need to be reconsidered as such in other areas as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ekrem Karpuzcu
- Water Resources Center, University of Minnesota, 1985 Buford Ave., St Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Roper RJ, Weis JJ, McCracken BA, Green CB, Ma Y, Weber KS, Fairbairn D, Butterfield RJ, Potter MR, Zachary JF, Doerge RW, Teuscher C. Genetic control of susceptibility to experimental Lyme arthritis is polygenic and exhibits consistent linkage to multiple loci on chromosome 5 in four independent mouse crosses. Genes Immun 2001; 2:388-97. [PMID: 11704805 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6363801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2001] [Revised: 08/10/2001] [Accepted: 08/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
C3H/He mice infected with Borrelia burgdorferi develop severe arthritis and are high antibody responders, while infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice develop mild arthritis and less robust humoral responses. Genetic analysis using composite interval mapping (CIM) on reciprocal backcross populations derived from C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N or C3H/HeJ and BALB/cAnN mice identified 12 new quantitative trait loci (QTL) linked to 10 murine Lyme disease phenotypes. These QTL reside on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. A reanalysis of an F(2) intercross between C57BL/6N and C3H/HeN mice using CIM identified two new QTL on chromosomes 4 and 15 and confirmed the location of seven previously identified loci. Two or more experimental crosses independently verified six QTL controlling phenotypes after B. burgdorferi infection. Additionally, Bb2 on chromosome 5 was reproduced in four experimental populations and was linked to the candidate locus Cora1. Evidence of four distinct QTL residing within the 30-cM region of chromosome 5 encompassing the previously mapped Bb2 and Bb3 loci was shown by CIM. Interestingly, some alleles contributing to susceptibility to Lyme arthritis were derived from C57BL/6N and BALB/cAnN mice, showing that disease-resistant strains harbor susceptibility alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Roper
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Weis JJ, McCracken BA, Ma Y, Fairbairn D, Roper RJ, Morrison TB, Weis JH, Zachary JF, Doerge RW, Teuscher C. Identification of quantitative trait loci governing arthritis severity and humoral responses in the murine model of Lyme disease. J Immunol 1999; 162:948-56. [PMID: 9916719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A spectrum of disease severity has been observed in patients with Lyme disease, with approximately 60% of untreated individuals developing arthritis. The murine model of Lyme disease has provided strong evidence that the genetic composition of the host influences the severity of arthritis following infection with Borrelia burgdorferi: infected C3H mice develop severe arthritis while infected C57BL/6N mice develop mild arthritis. Regions of the mouse genome controlling arthritis severity and humoral responses during B. burgdorferi infection were identified in the F2 intercross generation of C3H/HeNCr and C57BL/6NCr mice. Rear ankle swelling measurements identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosomes 4 and 5, while histopathological scoring identified QTL on a unique region of chromosome 5 and on chromosome 11. The identification of QTL unique for ankle swelling or histopathological severity suggests that processes under distinct genetic control are responsible for these two manifestations of Lyme arthritis. Additional QTL that control the levels of circulating Igs induced by B. burgdorferi infection were identified on chromosomes 6, 9, 11, 12, and 17. Interestingly, the magnitude of the humoral response was not correlated with the severity of arthritis in infected F2 mice. This work defines several genetic loci that regulate either the severity of arthritis or the magnitude of humoral responses to B. burgdorferi infection in mice, with implications toward understanding the host-pathogen interactions involved in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Weis
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fairbairn
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Slocombe SP, Piffanelli P, Fairbairn D, Bowra S, Hatzopoulos P, Tsiantis M, Murphy DJ. Temporal and tissue-specific regulation of a Brassica napus stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene. Plant Physiol 1994; 104:1167-76. [PMID: 8016261 PMCID: PMC159277 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.4.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of a Brassica napus stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase gene (Bn10) is presented. This gene is one member of a family of four closely related genes expressed in oilseed rape. The expression of the promoter of this gene in transgenic tobacco was found to be temporally regulated in the developing seed tissues. However, the promoter was also particularly active in other oleogenic tissues such as the tapetum and pollen grains. This raises the interesting question of whether seed-expressed lipid synthesis genes are regulated by separate tissue-specific determinants or by a single factor common to all oleogenic tissues. Parts of the plants undergoing rapid development such as the components of immature flowers and seedlings also exhibited high levels of promoter activity. These tissues are likely to have an elevated requirement for membrane lipid synthesis. Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase transcript levels have previously been shown to be temporally regulated in the B. napus embryo (S.P. Slocombe, I. Cummins, R.P. Jarvis, D.J. Murphy [1992] Plant Mol Biol 20: 151-155). Evidence is presented demonstrating the induction of desaturase mRNA by abscisic acid in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Slocombe
- Brassica and Oilseeds Research Department, Cambridge Laboratory, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Monoclonal antibody technology has improved over recent years. However, there remains a serious problem with regard to the stability and antibody production of the hybrid cell lines. In order to investigate the potential increased sensitivity of hybridomas to DNA damage, we produced a monoclonal antibody producing cell line in our laboratory. Three types of cells were analyzed by the single cell gel technique to determine single strand DNA damage, including the fusion partner FO, BALB/c splenocytes and an IgM producing hybridoma. The hybridoma cell line displayed a statistically significant increase in sensitivity to induced DNA damage as compared to the fusion partners used in its establishment. The instability of hybridomas in culture may be associated with their inherent increased susceptibility to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Grigsby
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602
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Fairbairn D, O'Neill KL, Standing MD. Application of confocal laser scanning microscopy to analysis of H2O2-induced DNA damage in human cells. Scanning 1993; 15:136-139. [PMID: 8275279 DOI: 10.1002/sca.4950150305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) offers improved depth discrimination and spatial resolution to the analysis of biologic samples. We demonstrate in this paper that such technology is valuable in examining DNA single-strand breaks in human cells. The single-cell-gel (SCG) assay is a new technique for measuring DNA strand breaks in individual cells. Cells embedded in low-melting-point agarose are treated with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide to induce DNA strand breaks. Following cell lysis and alkaline electrophoresis, which enables single-stranded break detection, analysis of the resulting "comets" provides an accurate method of comparing changes in DNA migration patterns, which have been shown to reflect the DNA damage levels. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.01) in single-stranded DNA damage levels was detected in cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide concentrations as low as 10 nm for 2 min. LSM analysis of the SCG technique allows rapid, sensitive, and reproducible quantitation of single-stranded breaks of cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fairbairn
- Department of Microbiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602
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Bourne G, Chad T, Clements RV, de Vere RD, Diggory P, Evans DG, Fairbairn D, Gordon YB, Hugo PJ, Keilani Z, Kenney A, McGrath J, Owen-Simpkins P, Setchell M, Williams D. An academic backwater? West J Med 1976. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.6028.182-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abstract
H. diminuta at different stages of development contained as many as five pyruvate kinase isozymes. Four of these were unusually sensitive to allosteric activation by fructose-1,6-P2. One isozyme which occurred only in adults or near-adults was insensitive but had a relatively low Km. All were inhibited by ATP and Ca2+, none by alanine, and the pH optimum was unaffected by fructose-1,6-P2. The five isozymes were present in gravid or reproductively active proglottids. Two of them occurred after eight days growth in the rat intestine, and three after four days. These three were also present in the immature, anterior proglottids of adult parasites. Hexacanth larvae from gravid proglottids, as well as cysticercoids developing from these larvae in Tenebrio molitor, possessed only two isozymes. It was inferred from information on tissue concentrations of ADP, ATP, phosphoenolypyruvate (PEP) and on K0.5S and Km that competition between pyruvate kinase and PEP carboxykinase is probably controlled by fructose-1,6-P2 concentrations. Since H. diminuta is an obligatory fermenter in which gluconeogenesis is minimal, the probable function of its L-type pyruvate kinases is to control the specific composition of lactic, acetic and succinic acid mixtures that are excreted at different stages of development.
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Watts SD, Fairbairn D. Anaerobic excretion of fermentation acids by Hymenolepis diminuta during development in the definitive host. J Parasitol 1974; 60:621-5. [PMID: 4850563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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21
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Tarr GE, Fairbairn D. Conversion of ascaroside esters to free ascarosides in fertilized eggs of Ascaris suum (nematoda). J Parasitol 1973; 59:428-33. [PMID: 4711661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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22
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Ward KA, Fairbairn D. Chitinase in developing eggs of Ascaris suum (Nematoda). J Parasitol 1972; 58:546-9. [PMID: 5042060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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26
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Körting W, Fairbairn D. Anaerobic energy metabolism in Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). J Parasitol 1972; 58:45-50. [PMID: 4401119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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27
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Körting W, Fairbairn D. Changes in beta-oxidation and related enzymes during the life cycle of Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda). J Parasitol 1971; 57:1153-8. [PMID: 4400482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Cain GD, Fairbairn D. Protocollagen proline hydroxylase and collagen synthesis in developing eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides. Comp Biochem Physiol B 1971; 40:165-79. [PMID: 5141394 DOI: 10.1016/0305-0491(71)90073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Barrett J, Fairbairn D. Effects of temperature on the kinetics of malate dehydrogenases in the developing eggs and adult muscle of Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematoda). J Exp Zool 1971; 176:169-77. [PMID: 5559226 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1401760205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Ward CW, Fairbairn D. Enzymes of beta-oxidation and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in adult hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Ascaris Lumbricoides (Nematoda). J Parasitol 1970; 56:1009-12. [PMID: 5504523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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31
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Barrett J, Cain GD, Fairbairn D. Sterols in Ascaris lumbricoides (Nematoda), Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus and Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala), and Echinostoma revolutum (Trematoda). J Parasitol 1970; 56:1004-8. [PMID: 5504522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Buteau GH, Simmons JE, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. IX. Fatty acid composition of shark tapeworms and of their hosts. Exp Parasitol 1969; 26:209-13. [PMID: 5401456 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(69)90114-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jezyk PF, Fairbairn D. Quantitative aspects of lipid utilization during embryogenesis of Ascaris suum eggs. J Parasitol 1969; 55:477-9. [PMID: 5815340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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37
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Abstract
The appearance of well-defined nucleoli in 4-celled Ascaris embryos is associated with the synthesis of ribosomal RNA.
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Frayha GJ, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites--VI. Synthesis of 2-cis,6-trans farnesol by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). Comp Biochem Physiol 1969; 28:1115-24. [PMID: 4306773 DOI: 10.1016/0010-406x(69)90551-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Castro GA, Fairbairn D. Carbohydrates and lipids in Trichinella spiralis larvae and their utilization in vitro. J Parasitol 1969; 55:51-8. [PMID: 5764047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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40
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Castro GA, Fairbairn D. Effect of immune serum on glucose absorption and infectivity of Trichinella spiralis. J Parasitol 1969; 55:59-66. [PMID: 4974312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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41
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Ward CW, Castro GA, Fairbairn D. Carbon dioxide fixation and phosphoenolpyruvate metabolism in Trichinella spiralis larvae. J Parasitol 1969; 55:67-71. [PMID: 5764048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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42
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Castro GA, Fairbairn D. Comparison of cuticular and intestinal absorption of glucose by adult Ascaris lumbricoides. J Parasitol 1969; 55:13-6. [PMID: 5764038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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43
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Frayha GJ, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. VII. Absorption of cholesterol by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). J Parasitol 1968; 54:1144-6. [PMID: 5757688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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44
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Kilejian A, Ginger CD, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. IV. Origins of the intestinal lipids available for absorption by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). J Parasitol 1968; 54:63-8. [PMID: 5641053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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46
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47
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48
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Jacobsen NS, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. 3. Biosynthesis and interconversion of fatty acids by Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). J Parasitol 1967; 53:355-61. [PMID: 6022395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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49
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Ginger CD, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. II. The major origins of the lipids of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). J Parasitol 1966; 52:1097-107. [PMID: 5926333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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50
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Ginger CD, Fairbairn D. Lipid metabolism in helminth parasites. I. The lipids of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda). J Parasitol 1966; 52:1086-96. [PMID: 5926332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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