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Constantinescu AE, Hughes DA, Bull CJ, Fleming K, Mitchell RE, Zheng J, Kar S, Timpson NJ, Amulic B, Vincent EE. A genome-wide association study of neutrophil count in individuals associated to an African continental ancestry group facilitates studies of malaria pathogenesis. Hum Genomics 2024; 18:26. [PMID: 38491524 PMCID: PMC10941368 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-024-00585-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 'Benign ethnic neutropenia' (BEN) is a heritable condition characterized by lower neutrophil counts, predominantly observed in individuals of African ancestry, and the genetic basis of BEN remains a subject of extensive research. In this study, we aimed to dissect the genetic architecture underlying neutrophil count variation through a linear-mixed model genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a population of African ancestry (N = 5976). Malaria caused by P. falciparum imposes a tremendous public health burden on people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Individuals living in malaria endemic regions often have a reduced circulating neutrophil count due to BEN, raising the possibility that reduced neutrophil counts modulate severity of malaria in susceptible populations. As a follow-up, we tested this hypothesis by conducting a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis of neutrophil counts on severe malaria (MalariaGEN, N = 17,056). RESULTS We carried out a GWAS of neutrophil count in individuals associated to an African continental ancestry group within UK Biobank, identifying 73 loci (r2 = 0.1) and 10 index SNPs (GCTA-COJO loci) associated with neutrophil count, including previously unknown rare loci regulating neutrophil count in a non-European population. BOLT-LMM was reliable when conducted in a non-European population, and additional covariates added to the model did not largely alter the results of the top loci or index SNPs. The two-sample bi-directional MR analysis between neutrophil count and severe malaria showed the greatest evidence for an effect between neutrophil count and severe anaemia, although the confidence intervals crossed the null. CONCLUSION Our GWAS of neutrophil count revealed unique loci present in individuals of African ancestry. We note that a small sample-size reduced our power to identify variants with low allele frequencies and/or low effect sizes in our GWAS. Our work highlights the need for conducting large-scale biobank studies in Africa and for further exploring the link between neutrophils and severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Kathryn Fleming
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, National Health Commission, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Siddhartha Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Early Cancer Insitute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Farook MR, Croxford Z, Morgan S, Horlock AD, Holt AK, Rees A, Jenkins BJ, Tse C, Stanton E, Davies DM, Thornton CA, Jones N, Sheldon IM, Vincent EE, Cronin JG. Loss of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 supports proline-dependent proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in ovarian cancer. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101900. [PMID: 38354856 PMCID: PMC10885617 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pyruvate transporter MPC1 (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1) acts as a tumour-suppressor, loss of which correlates with a pro-tumorigenic phenotype and poor survival in several tumour types. In high-grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC), patients display copy number loss of MPC1 in around 78% of cases and reduced MPC1 mRNA expression. To explore the metabolic effect of reduced expression, we demonstrate that depleting MPC1 in HGSOC cell lines drives expression of key proline biosynthetic genes; PYCR1, PYCR2 and PYCR3, and biosynthesis of proline. We show that altered proline metabolism underpins cancer cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and type I and type VI collagen formation in ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, exploring The Cancer Genome Atlas, we discovered the PYCR3 isozyme to be highly expressed in a third of HGSOC patients, which was associated with more aggressive disease and diagnosis at a younger age. Taken together, our study highlights that targeting proline metabolism is a potential therapeutic avenue for the treatment of HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rufaik Farook
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Zack Croxford
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Steffan Morgan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Horlock
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K Holt
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - April Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Carmen Tse
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stanton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - D Mark Davies
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom; Department of Oncology, South-West Wales Cancer Centre, Singleton Hospital, Swansea SA2 8QA, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - I Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health & Life Science, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom.
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Bull CJ, Hazelwood E, Legge DN, Corbin LJ, Richardson TG, Lee M, Yarmolinsky J, Smith-Byrne K, Hughes DA, Johansson M, Peters U, Berndt SI, Brenner H, Burnett-Hartman A, Cheng I, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li L, Newcomb PA, Pearlman R, McConnachie A, Welsh P, Taylor R, Lean MEJ, Sattar N, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE. Impact of weight loss on cancer-related proteins in serum: results from a cluster randomised controlled trial of individuals with type 2 diabetes. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104977. [PMID: 38290287 PMCID: PMC10844806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher risk of several cancer types. However, the biological intermediates driving this relationship are not fully understood. As novel interventions for treating and managing type 2 diabetes become increasingly available, whether they also disrupt the pathways leading to increased cancer risk is currently unknown. We investigated the effect of a type 2 diabetes intervention, in the form of intentional weight loss, on circulating proteins associated with cancer risk to gain insight into potential mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes and adiposity with cancer development. METHODS Fasting serum samples from participants with diabetes enrolled in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT) receiving the Counterweight-Plus weight-loss programme (intervention, N = 117, mean weight-loss 10 kg, 46% diabetes remission) or best-practice care by guidelines (control, N = 143, mean weight-loss 1 kg, 4% diabetes remission) were subject to proteomic analysis using the Olink Oncology-II platform (48% of participants were female; 52% male). To identify proteins which may be altered by the weight-loss intervention, the difference in protein levels between groups at baseline and 1 year was examined using linear regression. Mendelian randomization (MR) was performed to extend these results to evaluate cancer risk and elucidate possible biological mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes and cancer development. MR analyses were conducted using independent datasets, including large cancer meta-analyses, UK Biobank, and FinnGen, to estimate potential causal relationships between proteins modified during intentional weight loss and the risk of colorectal, breast, endometrial, gallbladder, liver, and pancreatic cancers. FINDINGS Nine proteins were modified by the intervention: glycoprotein Nmb; furin; Wnt inhibitory factor 1; toll-like receptor 3; pancreatic prohormone; erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; hepatocyte growth factor; endothelial cell specific molecule 1 and Ret proto-oncogene (Holm corrected P-value <0.05). Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal relationship between predicted circulating furin and glycoprotein Nmb on breast cancer risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67-0.99, P-value = 0.03; and OR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.78-0.99, P-value = 0.04 respectively), though these results were not supported in sensitivity analyses examining violations of MR assumptions. INTERPRETATION Intentional weight loss among individuals with recently diagnosed diabetes may modify levels of cancer-related proteins in serum. Further evaluation of the proteins identified in this analysis could reveal molecular pathways that mediate the effect of adiposity and type 2 diabetes on cancer risk. FUNDING The main sources of funding for this work were Diabetes UK, Cancer Research UK, World Cancer Research Fund, and Wellcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Hazelwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Danny N Legge
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Lee
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA; School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Pearlman
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roy Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mike E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO, Lyon, France; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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4
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Corbin LJ, Hughes DA, Bull CJ, Vincent EE, Smith ML, McConnachie A, Messow CM, Welsh P, Taylor R, Lean MEJ, Sattar N, Timpson NJ. The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetologia 2024; 67:74-87. [PMID: 37878066 PMCID: PMC10709482 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High-throughput metabolomics technologies in a variety of study designs have demonstrated a consistent metabolomic signature of overweight and type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these metabolomic patterns can be reversed with weight loss and diabetes remission has been weakly investigated. We aimed to characterise the metabolomic consequences of a weight-loss intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We analysed 574 fasted serum samples collected within an existing RCT (the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial [DiRECT]) (N=298). In the trial, participating primary care practices were randomly assigned (1:1) to provide either a weight management programme (intervention) or best-practice care by guidelines (control) treatment to individuals with type 2 diabetes. Here, metabolomics analysis was performed on samples collected at baseline and 12 months using both untargeted MS and targeted 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate the effect of the intervention on metabolite levels. RESULTS Decreases in branched-chain amino acids, sugars and LDL triglycerides, and increases in sphingolipids, plasmalogens and metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were associated with the intervention (Holm-corrected p<0.05). In individuals who lost more than 9 kg between baseline and 12 months, those who achieved diabetes remission saw greater reductions in glucose, fructose and mannose, compared with those who did not achieve remission. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have characterised the metabolomic effects of an integrated weight management programme previously shown to deliver weight loss and diabetes remission. A large proportion of the metabolome appears to be modifiable. Patterns of change were largely and strikingly opposite to perturbances previously documented with the development of type 2 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The data used for analysis are available on a research data repository ( https://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/ ) with access given to researchers subject to appropriate data sharing agreements. Metabolite data preparation, data pre-processing, statistical analyses and figure generation were performed in R Studio v.1.0.143 using R v.4.0.2. The R code for this study has been made publicly available on GitHub at: https://github.com/lauracorbin/metabolomics_of_direct .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Madeleine L Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claudia-Martina Messow
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roy Taylor
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Constantinescu AE, Bull CJ, Jones N, Mitchell R, Burrows K, Dimou N, Bézieau S, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, D’Amato M, Jenkins MA, Moreno V, Pai RK, Um CY, White E, Murphy N, Gunter M, Timpson NJ, Huyghe JR, Vincent EE. Circulating white blood cell traits and colorectal cancer risk: A Mendelian randomisation study. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:94-103. [PMID: 37578112 PMCID: PMC10864681 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Observational studies have suggested a protective role for eosinophils in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and implicated neutrophils, but the causal relationships remain unclear. Here, we aimed to estimate the causal effect of circulating white blood cell (WBC) counts (N = ~550 000) for basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils on CRC risk (N = 52 775 cases and 45 940 controls) using Mendelian randomisation (MR). For comparison, we also examined this relationship using individual-level data from UK Biobank (4043 incident CRC cases and 332 773 controls) in a longitudinal cohort analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis suggested a protective effect of increased basophil count and eosinophil count on CRC risk [OR per 1-SD increase: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78-0.99, P = .04; OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88-0.98, P = .01]. The protective effect of eosinophils remained [OR per 1-SD increase: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80-0.97, P = .01] following adjustments for all other WBC subtypes, to account for genetic correlation between the traits, using multivariable MR. A protective effect of increased lymphocyte count on CRC risk was also found [OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.93, P = 6.70e-4] following adjustment. Consistent with MR results, a protective effect for eosinophils in the cohort analysis in the fully adjusted model [RR per 1-SD increase: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P = .02] and following adjustment for the other WBC subtypes [RR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.99, P = .001] was observed. Our study implicates peripheral blood immune cells, in particular eosinophils and lymphocytes, in CRC development, highlighting a need for mechanistic studies to interrogate these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Niki Dimou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
- University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria 3010 Australia
- Genetic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima, Italy
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE - BRTA, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Caroline Y Um
- Department of Population Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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6
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Bull C, Hazelwood E, Bell JA, Tan V, Constantinescu AE, Borges C, Legge D, Burrows K, Huyghe JR, Brenner H, Castellvi-Bel S, Chan AT, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li L, Cheng I, Pai RK, Figueiredo JC, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE. Identifying metabolic features of colorectal cancer liability using Mendelian randomization. eLife 2023; 12:RP87894. [PMID: 38127078 PMCID: PMC10735227 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recognizing the early signs of cancer risk is vital for informing prevention, early detection, and survival. Methods To investigate whether changes in circulating metabolites characterize the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development, we examined the associations between a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with CRC liability (72 single-nucleotide polymorphisms) and 231 circulating metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N = 6221). Linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between genetic liability to CRC and circulating metabolites measured in the same individuals at age 8 y, 16 y, 18 y, and 25 y. Results The GRS for CRC was associated with up to 28% of the circulating metabolites at FDR-P < 0.05 across all time points, particularly with higher fatty acids and very-low- and low-density lipoprotein subclass lipids. Two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses investigating CRC liability (52,775 cases, 45,940 controls) and metabolites measured in a random subset of UK Biobank participants (N = 118,466, median age 58 y) revealed broadly consistent effect estimates with the GRS analysis. In conventional (forward) MR analyses, genetically predicted polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were most strongly associated with higher CRC risk. Conclusions These analyses suggest that higher genetic liability to CRC can cause early alterations in systemic metabolism and suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in CRC development. Funding This work was supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council, Diabetes UK, the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work used the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bristol.ac.uk/acrc/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma Hazelwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Danny Legge
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT)HeidelbergGermany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Sergi Castellvi-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MITCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical SchoolGwangjuRepublic of Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun HospitalHwasunRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo ClinicScottsdaleUnited States
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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7
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Constantinescu AE, Bull CJ, Goudswaard LJ, Zheng J, Elsworth B, Timpson NJ, Moore SF, Hers I, Vincent EE. A phenome-wide approach to identify causal risk factors for deep vein thrombosis. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:284. [PMID: 37951941 PMCID: PMC10640748 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein. DVT can lead to a venous thromboembolism (VTE), the combined term for DVT and pulmonary embolism, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the prevalence and associated morbidity of DVT, the underlying causes are not well understood. Our aim was to leverage publicly available genetic summary association statistics to identify causal risk factors for DVT. We conducted a Mendelian randomization phenome-wide association study (MR-PheWAS) using genetic summary association statistics for 973 exposures and DVT (6,767 cases and 330,392 controls in UK Biobank). There was evidence for a causal effect of 57 exposures on DVT risk, including previously reported risk factors (e.g. body mass index-BMI and height) and novel risk factors (e.g. hyperthyroidism and varicose veins). As the majority of identified risk factors were adiposity-related, we explored the molecular link with DVT by undertaking a two-sample MR mediation analysis of BMI-associated circulating proteins on DVT risk. Our results indicate that circulating neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1 (NOTCH1), inhibin beta C chain (INHBC) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) influence DVT risk, with PAI-1 mediating the BMI-DVT relationship. Using a phenome-wide approach, we provide putative causal evidence that hyperthyroidism, varicose veins and BMI enhance the risk of DVT. Furthermore, the circulating protein PAI-1 has a causal role in DVT aetiology and is involved in mediating the BMI-DVT relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK.
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Health Data Research UK. Registered Office, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Lucy J Goudswaard
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai National Center for Translational Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Benjamin Elsworth
- Our Future Health Ltd. Registered office: 2 New Bailey, 6 Stanley Street, Manchester, M3 5GS, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - Samantha F Moore
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- UKRI Medical Research Council, Swindon, UK
| | - Ingeborg Hers
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
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8
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Bull CJ, Hazelwood E, Bell JA, Tan VY, Constantinescu AE, Borges MC, Legge DN, Burrows K, Huyghe JR, Brenner H, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Kweon SS, Marchand LL, Li L, Cheng I, Pai RK, Figueiredo JC, Murphy N, Gunter MJ, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE. Identifying metabolic features of colorectal cancer liability using Mendelian randomization. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.10.23287084. [PMID: 36945480 PMCID: PMC10029059 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.10.23287084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Recognizing the early signs of cancer risk is vital for informing prevention, early detection, and survival. Methods To investigate whether changes in circulating metabolites characterise the early stages of colorectal cancer (CRC) development, we examined associations between a genetic risk score (GRS) associated with CRC liability (72 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and 231 circulating metabolites measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N=6,221). Linear regression models were applied to examine associations between genetic liability to colorectal cancer and circulating metabolites measured in the same individuals at age 8, 16, 18 and 25 years. Results The GRS for CRC was associated with up to 28% of the circulating metabolites at FDR-P<0.05 across all time points, particularly with higher fatty acids and very-low- and low-density lipoprotein subclass lipids. Two-sample reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses investigating CRC liability (52,775 cases, 45,940 controls) and metabolites measured in a random subset of UK Biobank participants (N=118,466, median age 58y) revealed broadly consistent effect estimates with the GRS analysis. In conventional (forward) MR analyses, genetically predicted polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were most strongly associated with higher CRC risk. Conclusions These analyses suggest that higher genetic liability to CRC can cause early alterations in systemic metabolism, and suggest that fatty acids may play an important role in CRC development. Funding This work was supported by the Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol, the Wellcome Trust, the Medical Research Council, Diabetes UK, the University of Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Cancer Research UK. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This work used the computational facilities of the Advanced Computing Research Centre, University of Bristol - http://www.bristol.ac.uk/acrc/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Emma Hazelwood
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A. Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vanessa Y. Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Danny N. Legge
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberly Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeroen R. Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Korea
| | | | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- University of California, San Francisco Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rish K. Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Jane C. Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
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9
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Holt AK, Najumudeen AK, Collard TJ, Li H, Millett LM, Hoskin AJ, Legge DN, Mortensson EMH, Flanagan DJ, Jones N, Kollareddy M, Timms P, Hitchings MD, Cronin J, Sansom OJ, Williams AC, Vincent EE. Aspirin reprogrammes colorectal cancer cell metabolism and sensitises to glutaminase inhibition. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:18. [PMID: 37858256 PMCID: PMC10588174 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00318-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To support proliferation and survival within a challenging microenvironment, cancer cells must reprogramme their metabolism. As such, targeting cancer cell metabolism is a promising therapeutic avenue. However, identifying tractable nodes of metabolic vulnerability in cancer cells is challenging due to their metabolic plasticity. Identification of effective treatment combinations to counter this is an active area of research. Aspirin has a well-established role in cancer prevention, particularly in colorectal cancer (CRC), although the mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS We generated a model to investigate the impact of long-term (52 weeks) aspirin exposure on CRC cells, which has allowed us comprehensively characterise the metabolic impact of long-term aspirin exposure (2-4mM for 52 weeks) using proteomics, Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analysis and Stable Isotope Labelling (SIL). Using this information, we were able to identify nodes of metabolic vulnerability for further targeting, investigating the impact of combining aspirin with metabolic inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We show that aspirin regulates several enzymes and transporters of central carbon metabolism and results in a reduction in glutaminolysis and a concomitant increase in glucose metabolism, demonstrating reprogramming of nutrient utilisation. We show that aspirin causes likely compensatory changes that render the cells sensitive to the glutaminase 1 (GLS1) inhibitor-CB-839. Of note given the clinical interest, treatment with CB-839 alone had little effect on CRC cell growth or survival. However, in combination with aspirin, CB-839 inhibited CRC cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro and, importantly, reduced crypt proliferation in Apcfl/fl mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results show that aspirin leads to significant metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer cells and raises the possibility that aspirin could significantly increase the efficacy of metabolic cancer therapies in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Holt
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Arafath K Najumudeen
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tracey J Collard
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ashley J Hoskin
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Danny N Legge
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Eleanor M H Mortensson
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | | | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Madhu Kollareddy
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Penny Timms
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Matthew D Hitchings
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Ann C Williams
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK.
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10
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Richenberg G, Francis A, Owen CN, Gray V, Robinson T, Gabriel AAG, Lawrenson K, Crosbie EJ, Schildkraut JM, Mckay JD, Gaunt TR, Relton CL, Vincent EE, Kar SP. The tumor multi-omic landscape of endometrial cancers developed on a germline genetic background of adiposity. medRxiv 2023:2023.10.09.23296765. [PMID: 37873386 PMCID: PMC10592984 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.09.23296765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
High body mass index (BMI) is a causal risk factor for endometrial cancer but the tumor molecular mechanisms affected by adiposity and their therapeutic relevance remain poorly understood. Here we characterize the tumor multi-omic landscape of endometrial cancers that have developed on a background of lifelong germline genetic exposure to elevated BMI. We built a polygenic score (PGS) for BMI in women using data on independent, genome-wide significant variants associated with adult BMI in 434,794 women. We performed germline (blood) genotype quality control and imputation on data from 354 endometrial cancer cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We assigned each case in this TCGA cohort their genetically predicted life-course BMI based on the BMI PGS. Multivariable generalized linear models adjusted for age, stage, microsatellite status and genetic principal components were used to test for associations between the BMI germline PGS and endometrial cancer tumor genome-wide genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, epigenomic and immune traits in TCGA. High BMI germline PGS was associated with (i) upregulated tumor gene expression in the IL6-JAK-STAT3 pathway (FDR=4.2×10-7); (ii) increased estimated intra-tumor activated mast cell infiltration (FDR=0.008); (iii) increased single base substitution (SBS) mutational signatures 1 (FDR=0.03) and 5 (FDR=0.09) and decreased SBS13 (FDR=0.09), implicating age-related and APOBEC mutagenesis, respectively; and (iv) decreased tumor EGFR protein expression (FDR=0.07). Alterations in IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling gene and EGFR protein expression were, in turn, significantly associated with both overall survival and progression-free interval. Thus, we integrated germline and somatic data using a novel study design to identify associations between genetically predicted lifelong exposure to higher BMI and potentially actionable endometrial cancer tumor molecular features. These associations inform our understanding of how high BMI may influence the development and progression of this cancer, impacting endometrial tumor biology and clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Richenberg
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amy Francis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Carina N. Owen
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Victoria Gray
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Timothy Robinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Aurélie AG Gabriel
- Department of Oncology, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women’s Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emma J. Crosbie
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James D. Mckay
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Tom R. Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Siddhartha P. Kar
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Early Cancer Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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11
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Hoskin AJ, Holt AK, Legge DN, Collard TJ, Williams AC, Vincent EE. Aspirin and the metabolic hallmark of cancer: novel therapeutic opportunities for colorectal cancer. Explor Target Antitumor Ther 2023; 4:600-615. [PMID: 37720350 PMCID: PMC10501897 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin is a well-known nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has a recognized role in cancer prevention as well as evidence to support its use as an adjuvant for cancer treatment. Importantly there has been an increasing number of studies contributing to the mechanistic understanding of aspirins' anti-tumour effects and these studies continue to inform the potential clinical use of aspirin for both the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review focuses on the emerging role of aspirin as a regulator of metabolic reprogramming, an essential "hallmark of cancer" required to support the increased demand for biosynthetic intermediates needed for sustained proliferation. Cancer cells frequently undergo metabolic rewiring driven by oncogenic pathways such as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), wingless-related integration site (Wnt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), which supports the increased proliferative rate as tumours develop and progress. Reviewed here, cellular metabolic reprogramming has been identified as a key mechanism of action of aspirin and include the regulation of key metabolic drivers, the regulation of enzymes involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and altered nutrient utilisation upon aspirin exposure. Importantly, as aspirin treatment exposes metabolic vulnerabilities in tumour cells, there is an opportunity for the use of aspirin in combination with specific metabolic inhibitors in particular, glutaminase (GLS) inhibitors currently in clinical trials such as telaglenastat (CB-839) and IACS-6274 for the treatment of colorectal and potentially other cancers. The increasing evidence that aspirin impacts metabolism in cancer cells suggests that aspirin could provide a simple, relatively safe, and cost-effective way to target this important hallmark of cancer. Excitingly, this review highlights a potential new role for aspirin in improving the efficacy of a new generation of metabolic inhibitors currently undergoing clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley J. Hoskin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Amy K. Holt
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Danny N. Legge
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK
| | - Tracey J. Collard
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Ann C. Williams
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, BS8 1TW Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Department of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, BS1 3NY Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Oakfield House, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN Bristol, UK
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12
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Yarmolinsky J, Bouras E, Constantinescu A, Burrows K, Bull CJ, Vincent EE, Martin RM, Dimopoulou O, Lewis SJ, Moreno V, Vujkovic M, Chang KM, Voight BF, Tsao PS, Gunter MJ, Hampe J, Pellatt AJ, Pharoah PDP, Schoen RE, Gallinger S, Jenkins MA, Pai RK, Gill D, Tsilidis KK. Genetically proxied glucose-lowering drug target perturbation and risk of cancer: a Mendelian randomisation analysis. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1481-1500. [PMID: 37171501 PMCID: PMC10317892 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Epidemiological studies have generated conflicting findings on the relationship between glucose-lowering medication use and cancer risk. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding glucose-lowering drug targets can be used to investigate the effect of their pharmacological perturbation on cancer risk. METHODS We developed genetic instruments for three glucose-lowering drug targets (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ [PPARG]; sulfonylurea receptor 1 [ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8 (ABCC8)]; glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor [GLP1R]) using summary genetic association data from a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes in 148,726 cases and 965,732 controls in the Million Veteran Program. Genetic instruments were constructed using cis-acting genome-wide significant (p<5×10-8) SNPs permitted to be in weak linkage disequilibrium (r2<0.20). Summary genetic association estimates for these SNPs were obtained from genome-wide association study (GWAS) consortia for the following cancers: breast (122,977 cases, 105,974 controls); colorectal (58,221 cases, 67,694 controls); prostate (79,148 cases, 61,106 controls); and overall (i.e. site-combined) cancer (27,483 cases, 372,016 controls). Inverse-variance weighted random-effects models adjusting for linkage disequilibrium were employed to estimate causal associations between genetically proxied drug target perturbation and cancer risk. Co-localisation analysis was employed to examine robustness of findings to violations of Mendelian randomisation (MR) assumptions. A Bonferroni correction was employed as a heuristic to define associations from MR analyses as 'strong' and 'weak' evidence. RESULTS In MR analysis, genetically proxied PPARG perturbation was weakly associated with higher risk of prostate cancer (for PPARG perturbation equivalent to a 1 unit decrease in inverse rank normal transformed HbA1c: OR 1.75 [95% CI 1.07, 2.85], p=0.02). In histological subtype-stratified analyses, genetically proxied PPARG perturbation was weakly associated with lower risk of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (OR 0.57 [95% CI 0.38, 0.85], p=6.45×10-3). In co-localisation analysis, however, there was little evidence of shared causal variants for type 2 diabetes liability and cancer endpoints in the PPARG locus, although these analyses were likely underpowered. There was little evidence to support associations between genetically proxied PPARG perturbation and colorectal or overall cancer risk or between genetically proxied ABCC8 or GLP1R perturbation with risk across cancer endpoints. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our drug target MR analyses did not find consistent evidence to support an association of genetically proxied PPARG, ABCC8 or GLP1R perturbation with breast, colorectal, prostate or overall cancer risk. Further evaluation of these drug targets using alternative molecular epidemiological approaches may help to further corroborate the findings presented in this analysis. DATA AVAILABILITY Summary genetic association data for select cancer endpoints were obtained from the public domain: breast cancer ( https://bcac.ccge.medschl.cam.ac.uk/bcacdata/ ); and overall prostate cancer ( http://practical.icr.ac.uk/blog/ ). Summary genetic association data for colorectal cancer can be accessed by contacting GECCO (kafdem at fredhutch.org). Summary genetic association data on advanced prostate cancer can be accessed by contacting PRACTICAL (practical at icr.ac.uk). Summary genetic association data on type 2 diabetes from Vujkovic et al (Nat Genet, 2020) can be accessed through dbGAP under accession number phs001672.v3.p1 (pha004945.1 refers to the European-specific summary statistics). UK Biobank data can be accessed by registering with UK Biobank and completing the registration form in the Access Management System (AMS) ( https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/enable-your-research/apply-for-access ).
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Emmanouil Bouras
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Andrei Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Olympia Dimopoulou
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Victor Moreno
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Epidemiology Research and Information Center for Genomics, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, UK
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13
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Jenkins BJ, Blagih J, Ponce-Garcia FM, Canavan M, Gudgeon N, Eastham S, Hill D, Hanlon MM, Ma EH, Bishop EL, Rees A, Cronin JG, Jury EC, Dimeloe SK, Veale DJ, Thornton CA, Vousden KH, Finlay DK, Fearon U, Jones GW, Sinclair LV, Vincent EE, Jones N. Canagliflozin impairs T cell effector function via metabolic suppression in autoimmunity. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1132-1146.e9. [PMID: 37230079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Augmented T cell function leading to host damage in autoimmunity is supported by metabolic dysregulation, making targeting immunometabolism an attractive therapeutic avenue. Canagliflozin, a type 2 diabetes drug, is a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor with known off-target effects on glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I. However, the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on human T cell function have not been extensively explored. Here, we show that canagliflozin-treated T cells are compromised in their ability to activate, proliferate, and initiate effector functions. Canagliflozin inhibits T cell receptor signaling, impacting on ERK and mTORC1 activity, concomitantly associated with reduced c-Myc. Compromised c-Myc levels were encapsulated by a failure to engage translational machinery resulting in impaired metabolic protein and solute carrier production among others. Importantly, canagliflozin-treated T cells derived from patients with autoimmune disorders impaired their effector function. Taken together, our work highlights a potential therapeutic avenue for repurposing canagliflozin as an intervention for T cell-mediated autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Julianna Blagih
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; University of Montreal, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, 5414 Assomption Blvd, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
| | - Fernando M Ponce-Garcia
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mary Canavan
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nancy Gudgeon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon Eastham
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David Hill
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Megan M Hanlon
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eric H Ma
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Rheos Medicines, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emma L Bishop
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - April Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah K Dimeloe
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Douglas J Veale
- EULAR Centre of Excellence, Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- Molecular Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gareth W Jones
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Linda V Sinclair
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK; Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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14
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Gormley M, Dudding T, Thomas SJ, Tyrrell J, Ness AR, Pring M, Legge D, Davey Smith G, Richmond RC, Vincent EE, Bull C. Evaluating the effect of metabolic traits on oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk using Mendelian randomization. eLife 2023; 12:e82674. [PMID: 37042641 PMCID: PMC10147379 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A recent World Health Organization report states that at least 40% of all cancer cases may be preventable, with smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity identified as three of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors. Given the significant decline in smoking rates, particularly within developed countries, other potentially modifiable risk factors for head and neck cancer warrant investigation. Obesity and related metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension have been associated with head and neck cancer risk in multiple observational studies. However, adiposity has also been correlated with smoking, with bias, confounding or reverse causality possibly explaining these findings. To overcome the challenges of observational studies, we conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (inverse variance weighted [IVW] method) using genetic variants which were robustly associated with adiposity, glycaemic and blood pressure traits in genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Outcome data were taken from the largest available GWAS of 6034 oral and oropharyngeal cases, with 6585 controls. We found limited evidence of a causal effect of genetically proxied body mass index (BMI; OR IVW = 0.89, 95% CI 0.72-1.09, p = 0.26 per 1 standard deviation in BMI [4.81kg/m2]) on oral and oropharyngeal cancer risk. Similarly, there was limited evidence for related traits including T2D and hypertension. Small effects cannot be excluded given the lack of power to detect them in currently available GWAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gormley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Dudding
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven J Thomas
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Ness
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Miranda Pring
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Danny Legge
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Caroline Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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15
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Papadimitriou N, Bull CJ, Jenab M, Hughes DJ, Bell JA, Sanderson E, Timpson NJ, Smith GD, Albanes D, Campbell PT, Küry S, Le Marchand L, Ulrich CM, Visvanathan K, Figueiredo JC, Newcomb PA, Pai RK, Peters U, Tsilidis KK, Boer JMA, Vincent EE, Mariosa D, Gunter MJ, Richardson TG, Murphy N. Separating the effects of early and later life adiposity on colorectal cancer risk: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2023; 21:5. [PMID: 36600297 PMCID: PMC9814460 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have linked childhood obesity with elevated risk of colorectal cancer; however, it is unclear if this association is causal or independent from the effects of obesity in adulthood on colorectal cancer risk. METHODS We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate potential causal relationships between self-perceived body size (thinner, plumper, or about average) in early life (age 10) and measured body mass index in adulthood (mean age 56.5) with risk of colorectal cancer. The total and independent effects of body size exposures were estimated using univariable and multivariable MR, respectively. Summary data were obtained from a genome-wide association study of 453,169 participants in UK Biobank for body size and from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis of three colorectal cancer consortia of 125,478 participants. RESULTS Genetically predicted early life body size was estimated to increase odds of colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR] per category change: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.98-1.27), with stronger results for colon cancer (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35), and distal colon cancer (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04-1.51). After accounting for adult body size using multivariable MR, effect estimates for early life body size were attenuated towards the null for colorectal cancer (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.77-1.22) and colon cancer (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.76-1.25), while the estimate for distal colon cancer was of similar magnitude but more imprecise (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.90-1.77). Genetically predicted adult life body size was estimated to increase odds of colorectal (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.57), colon (OR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67), and proximal colon (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the positive association between early life body size and colorectal cancer risk is likely due to large body size retainment into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David J Hughes
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Behavioural and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Jolanda M A Boer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- Section of Genomic Epidemiology, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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16
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Gormley M, Gray E, Richards C, Gormley A, Richmond RC, Vincent EE, Dudding T, Ness AR, Thomas SJ. An update on oral cavity cancer: epidemiological trends, prevention strategies and novel approaches in diagnosis and prognosis. Community Dent Health 2022; 39:197-205. [PMID: 35852216 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_00032gormley09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the UK, the incidence of oral cavity cancer continues to rise, with an increase of around 60% over the past 10 years. Many patients still present with advanced disease, often resulting in locoregional recurrence and poor outcomes, which has not changed significantly for over four decades. Changes in aetiology may also be emerging, given the decline of smoking in developed countries. Therefore, new methods to better target prevention, improve screening and detect recurrence are needed. High-throughput 'omics' technologies appear promising for future individual-level diagnosis and prognosis. However, given this is a relatively rare cancer with significant intra-tumour heterogeneity and variation in patient response, reliable biomarkers have been difficult to elucidate. From a public health perspective, implementing these novel technologies into current services would require substantial practical, financial and ethical considerations. This may be difficult to justify and implement at present, therefore focus remains on early detection using new patient-led follow-up strategies. This paper reviews the latest evidence on epidemiological trends in oral cavity cancer to help identify at risk groups, population-based approaches for prevention, in addition to potential cutting-edge approaches in the diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gormley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - E Gray
- University of Bristol Dental School, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - C Richards
- Oral Surgery, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
| | - A Gormley
- University of Bristol Dental School, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - E E Vincent
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - T Dudding
- University of Bristol Dental School, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A R Ness
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S J Thomas
- University of Bristol Dental School, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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17
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Martin S, Tyrrell J, Thomas EL, Bown MJ, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Tsoi LC, Stuart PE, Elder JT, Law P, Houlston R, Kabrhel C, Papadimitriou N, Gunter M, Bull C, Bell JA, Vincent EE, Sattar N, Dunlop MG, Tomlinson IPM, Lindström S, Bell JD, Frayling T, Yaghootkar H. Correction: Disease consequences of higher adiposity uncoupled from its adverse metabolic effects using Mendelian randomisation. eLife 2022; 11:e80233. [PMID: 35583923 PMCID: PMC9116939 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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18
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Murphy N, Song M, Papadimitriou N, Carreras-Torres R, Langenberg C, Martin RM, Tsilidis KK, Barroso I, Chen J, Frayling TM, Bull CJ, Vincent EE, Cotterchio M, Gruber SB, Pai RK, Newcomb PA, Perez-Cornago A, van Duijnhoven FJB, Van Guelpen B, Vodicka P, Wolk A, Wu AH, Peters U, Chan AT, Gunter MJ. Associations Between Glycemic Traits and Colorectal Cancer: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:740-752. [PMID: 35048991 PMCID: PMC9086764 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycemic traits-such as hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and type 2 diabetes-have been associated with higher colorectal cancer risk in observational studies; however, causality of these associations is uncertain. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the causal effects of fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and type 2 diabetes with colorectal cancer. METHODS Genome-wide association study summary data were used to identify genetic variants associated with circulating levels of fasting insulin (n = 34), 2-hour glucose (n = 13), fasting glucose (n = 70), HbA1c (n = 221), and type 2 diabetes (n = 268). Using 2-sample MR, we examined these variants in relation to colorectal cancer risk (48 214 case patient and 64 159 control patients). RESULTS In inverse-variance models, higher fasting insulin levels increased colorectal cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] per 1-SD = 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.15 to 2.36). We found no evidence of any effect of 2-hour glucose (OR per 1-SD = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.86 to 1.21) or fasting glucose (OR per 1-SD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.23) concentrations on colorectal cancer risk. Genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (OR per 1-unit increase in log odds = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.07) and higher HbA1c levels (OR per 1-SD = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.19) increased colorectal cancer risk, although these findings may have been biased by pleiotropy. Higher HbA1c concentrations increased rectal cancer risk in men (OR per 1-SD = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.40), but not in women. CONCLUSIONS Our results support a causal effect of higher fasting insulin, but not glucose traits or type 2 diabetes, on increased colorectal cancer risk. This suggests that pharmacological or lifestyle interventions that lower circulating insulin levels may be beneficial in preventing colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mingyang Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Health Data Research UK, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Ji Chen
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (ExCEeD), Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Exeter, Research Innovation Learning & Development (RILD) Building, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle Cotterchio
- Prevention and Cancer Control, Clinical Institutes and Quality Programs, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rish K Pai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Bethany Van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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19
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Gormley A, Richards C, Spiga F, Gray E, Hooper J, Main B, Vincent EE, Richmond R, Higgins J, Gormley M. Metabolic disorders and the risk of head and neck cancer: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058392. [PMID: 35508337 PMCID: PMC9073393 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer internationally. Established risk factors include smoking, alcohol and presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). The incidence rate of new disease continues to rise, despite falls in alcohol consumption and a reduction in smoking, the rising rates are unlikely to be solely attributed to HPV status alone. Obesity and its associated conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are implicated in the risk and progression of a variety of cancers, but there is paucity of evidence regarding its role in HNSCC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review of cohort studies, reporting a risk of incident HNSCC, will be included. A systematic search strategy has been developed, multiple databases will be searched from January 1966 to November 2021, including Cochrane Library, OVID SP versions of Medline and EMBASE. The primary outcome will be incident HNSCC based on exposures of T2D, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension as defined by the WHO. A combined risk effect across studies will be calculated using meta-analysis, although depending on the heterogeneity in study design, exposure and outcome reporting this may not be possible. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No ethical approval is required for this systematic review. The review will be published in a relevant peer-review journal and findings will be presented at scientific meetings in both poster and oral presentation form. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER DETAILS This study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with study registration number CRD42021250520. This protocol has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidance statement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gormley
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Francesca Spiga
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emily Gray
- Bristol Dental Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Joanna Hooper
- Library and Information Services, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Barry Main
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julian Higgins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mark Gormley
- Bristol Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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20
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Wade KH, Yarmolinsky J, Giovannucci E, Lewis SJ, Millwood IY, Munafò MR, Meddens F, Burrows K, Bell JA, Davies NM, Mariosa D, Kanerva N, Vincent EE, Smith-Byrne K, Guida F, Gunter MJ, Sanderson E, Dudbridge F, Burgess S, Cornelis MC, Richardson TG, Borges MC, Bowden J, Hemani G, Cho Y, Spiller W, Richmond RC, Carter AR, Langdon R, Lawlor DA, Walters RG, Vimaleswaran KS, Anderson A, Sandu MR, Tilling K, Davey Smith G, Martin RM, Relton CL. Applying Mendelian randomization to appraise causality in relationships between nutrition and cancer. Cancer Causes Control 2022; 33:631-652. [PMID: 35274198 PMCID: PMC9010389 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-022-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dietary factors are assumed to play an important role in cancer risk, apparent in consensus recommendations for cancer prevention that promote nutritional changes. However, the evidence in this field has been generated predominantly through observational studies, which may result in biased effect estimates because of confounding, exposure misclassification, and reverse causality. With major geographical differences and rapid changes in cancer incidence over time, it is crucial to establish which of the observational associations reflect causality and to identify novel risk factors as these may be modified to prevent the onset of cancer and reduce its progression. Mendelian randomization (MR) uses the special properties of germline genetic variation to strengthen causal inference regarding potentially modifiable exposures and disease risk. MR can be implemented through instrumental variable (IV) analysis and, when robustly performed, is generally less prone to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error than conventional observational methods and has different sources of bias (discussed in detail below). It is increasingly used to facilitate causal inference in epidemiology and provides an opportunity to explore the effects of nutritional exposures on cancer incidence and progression in a cost-effective and timely manner. Here, we introduce the concept of MR and discuss its current application in understanding the impact of nutritional factors (e.g., any measure of diet and nutritional intake, circulating biomarkers, patterns, preference or behaviour) on cancer aetiology and, thus, opportunities for MR to contribute to the development of nutritional recommendations and policies for cancer prevention. We provide applied examples of MR studies examining the role of nutritional factors in cancer to illustrate how this method can be used to help prioritise or deprioritise the evaluation of specific nutritional factors as intervention targets in randomised controlled trials. We describe possible biases when using MR, and methodological developments aimed at investigating and potentially overcoming these biases when present. Lastly, we consider the use of MR in identifying causally relevant nutritional risk factors for various cancers in different regions across the world, given notable geographical differences in some cancers. We also discuss how MR results could be translated into further research and policy. We conclude that findings from MR studies, which corroborate those from other well-conducted studies with different and orthogonal biases, are poised to substantially improve our understanding of nutritional influences on cancer. For such corroboration, there is a requirement for an interdisciplinary and collaborative approach to investigate risk factors for cancer incidence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin H Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) and the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fleur Meddens
- Department of Economics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Joshua A Bell
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil M Davies
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | | | - Emma E Vincent
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Florence Guida
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tom G Richardson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maria Carolina Borges
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jack Bowden
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Research Innovation Learning and Development (RILD) Building, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Yoonsu Cho
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Wes Spiller
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alice R Carter
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU) and the Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Annie Anderson
- Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Meda R Sandu
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Kate Tilling
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline L Relton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
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21
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Yarmolinsky J, Díez-Obrero V, Richardson TG, Pigeyre M, Sjaarda J, Paré G, Walker VM, Vincent EE, Tan VY, Obón-Santacana M, Albanes D, Hampe J, Gsur A, Hampel H, Pai RK, Jenkins M, Gallinger S, Casey G, Zheng W, Amos CI, Smith GD, Martin RM, Moreno V. Genetically proxied therapeutic inhibition of antihypertensive drug targets and risk of common cancers: A mendelian randomization analysis. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003897. [PMID: 35113855 PMCID: PMC8812899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have reported conflicting findings on the potential adverse effects of long-term antihypertensive medication use on cancer risk. Naturally occurring variation in genes encoding antihypertensive drug targets can be used as proxies for these targets to examine the effect of their long-term therapeutic inhibition on disease outcomes. METHODS AND FINDINGS We performed a mendelian randomization analysis to examine the association between genetically proxied inhibition of 3 antihypertensive drug targets and risk of 4 common cancers (breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACE, ADRB1, and SLC12A3 associated (P < 5.0 × 10-8) with systolic blood pressure (SBP) in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used to proxy inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), β-1 adrenergic receptor (ADRB1), and sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), respectively. Summary genetic association estimates for these SNPs were obtained from GWAS consortia for the following cancers: breast (122,977 cases, 105,974 controls), colorectal (58,221 cases, 67,694 controls), lung (29,266 cases, 56,450 controls), and prostate (79,148 cases, 61,106 controls). Replication analyses were performed in the FinnGen consortium (1,573 colorectal cancer cases, 120,006 controls). Cancer GWAS and FinnGen consortia data were restricted to individuals of European ancestry. Inverse-variance weighted random-effects models were used to examine associations between genetically proxied inhibition of these drug targets and risk of cancer. Multivariable mendelian randomization and colocalization analyses were employed to examine robustness of findings to violations of mendelian randomization assumptions. Genetically proxied ACE inhibition equivalent to a 1-mm Hg reduction in SBP was associated with increased odds of colorectal cancer (odds ratio (OR) 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.22; P = 3.6 × 10-4). This finding was replicated in the FinnGen consortium (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92; P = 0.035). There was little evidence of association of genetically proxied ACE inhibition with risk of breast cancer (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.02, P = 0.35), lung cancer (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.10; P = 0.93), or prostate cancer (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.13; P = 0.08). Genetically proxied inhibition of ADRB1 and NCC were not associated with risk of these cancers. The primary limitations of this analysis include the modest statistical power for analyses of drug targets in relation to some less common histological subtypes of cancers examined and the restriction of the majority of analyses to participants of European ancestry. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed that genetically proxied long-term ACE inhibition was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, warranting comprehensive evaluation of the safety profiles of ACE inhibitors in clinical trials with adequate follow-up. There was little evidence to support associations across other drug target-cancer risk analyses, consistent with findings from short-term randomized controlled trials for these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Díez-Obrero
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tom G. Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Jennifer Sjaarda
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, Hamilton, Canada
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Venexia M. Walker
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Y. Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mireia Obón-Santacana
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Rish K. Pai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Steven Gallinger
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Christopher I. Amos
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust, National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Moreno
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Colorectal Cancer Group, ONCOBELL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Gormley M, Dudding T, Kachuri L, Burrows K, Chong AHW, Martin RM, Thomas SJ, Tyrrell J, Ness AR, Brennan P, Munafò MR, Pring M, Boccia S, Olshan AF, Diergaarde B, Hung RJ, Liu G, Tajara EH, Severino P, Toporcov TN, Lacko M, Waterboer T, Brenner N, Smith GD, Vincent EE, Richmond RC. Investigating the effect of sexual behaviour on oropharyngeal cancer risk: a methodological assessment of Mendelian randomization. BMC Med 2022; 20:40. [PMID: 35094705 PMCID: PMC8802428 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human papilloma virus infection is known to influence oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) risk, likely via sexual transmission. However, sexual behaviour has been correlated with other risk factors including smoking and alcohol, meaning independent effects are difficult to establish. We aimed to evaluate the causal effect of sexual behaviour on the risk of OPC using Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Genetic variants robustly associated with age at first sex (AFS) and the number of sexual partners (NSP) were used to perform both univariable and multivariable MR analyses with summary data on 2641 OPC cases and 6585 controls, obtained from the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Given the potential for genetic pleiotropy, we performed a number of sensitivity analyses: (i) MR methods to account for horizontal pleiotropy, (ii) MR of sexual behaviours on positive (cervical cancer and seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis) and negative control outcomes (lung and oral cancer), (iii) Causal Analysis Using Summary Effect estimates (CAUSE), to account for correlated and uncorrelated horizontal pleiotropic effects, (iv) multivariable MR analysis to account for the effects of smoking, alcohol, risk tolerance and educational attainment. RESULTS In univariable MR, we found evidence supportive of an effect of both later AFS (IVW OR = 0.4, 95%CI (0.3, 0.7), per standard deviation (SD), p = < 0.001) and increasing NSP (IVW OR = 2.2, 95%CI (1.3, 3.8) per SD, p = < 0.001) on OPC risk. These effects were largely robust to sensitivity analyses accounting for horizontal pleiotropy. However, negative control analysis suggested potential violation of the core MR assumptions and subsequent CAUSE analysis implicated pleiotropy of the genetic instruments used to proxy sexual behaviours. Finally, there was some attenuation of the univariable MR results in the multivariable models (AFS IVW OR = 0.7, 95%CI (0.4, 1.2), p = 0.21; NSP IVW OR = 0.9, 95%CI (0.5 1.7), p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Despite using genetic variants strongly related sexual behaviour traits in large-scale GWAS, we found evidence for correlated pleiotropy. This emphasizes a need for multivariable approaches and the triangulation of evidence when performing MR of complex behavioural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gormley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Tom Dudding
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Amanda H W Chong
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steven J Thomas
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew R Ness
- University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Psychological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Miranda Pring
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health - Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Rayjean J Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Eloiza H Tajara
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana N Toporcov
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Constantinescu AE, Mitchell RE, Zheng J, Bull CJ, Timpson NJ, Amulic B, Vincent EE, Hughes DA. A framework for research into continental ancestry groups of the UK Biobank. Hum Genomics 2022; 16:3. [PMID: 35093177 PMCID: PMC8800339 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-022-00380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The UK Biobank is a large prospective cohort, based in the UK, that has deep phenotypic and genomic data on roughly a half a million individuals. Included in this resource are data on approximately 78,000 individuals with "non-white British ancestry." While most epidemiology studies have focused predominantly on populations of European ancestry, there is an opportunity to contribute to the study of health and disease for a broader segment of the population by making use of the UK Biobank's "non-white British ancestry" samples. Here, we present an empirical description of the continental ancestry and population structure among the individuals in this UK Biobank subset. RESULTS Reference populations from the 1000 Genomes Project for Africa, Europe, East Asia, and South Asia were used to estimate ancestry for each individual. Those with at least 80% ancestry in one of these four continental ancestry groups were taken forward (N = 62,484). Principal component and K-means clustering analyses were used to identify and characterize population structure within each ancestry group. Of the approximately 78,000 individuals in the UK Biobank that are of "non-white British" ancestry, 50,685, 6653, 2782, and 2364 individuals were associated to the European, African, South Asian, and East Asian continental ancestry groups, respectively. Each continental ancestry group exhibits prominent population structure that is consistent with self-reported country of birth data and geography. CONCLUSIONS Methods outlined here provide an avenue to leverage UK Biobank's deeply phenotyped data allowing researchers to maximize its potential in the study of health and disease in individuals of non-white British ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei-Emil Constantinescu
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Borko Amulic
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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24
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Martin S, Tyrrell J, Thomas EL, Bown MJ, Wood AR, Beaumont RN, Tsoi LC, Stuart PE, Elder JT, Law P, Houlston R, Kabrhel C, Papadimitriou N, Gunter MJ, Bull CJ, Bell JA, Vincent EE, Sattar N, Dunlop MG, Tomlinson IPM, Lindström S, Bell JD, Frayling TM, Yaghootkar H. Disease consequences of higher adiposity uncoupled from its adverse metabolic effects using Mendelian randomisation. eLife 2022; 11:e72452. [PMID: 35074047 PMCID: PMC8789289 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some individuals living with obesity may be relatively metabolically healthy, whilst others suffer from multiple conditions that may be linked to adverse metabolic effects or other factors. The extent to which the adverse metabolic component of obesity contributes to disease compared to the non-metabolic components is often uncertain. We aimed to use Mendelian randomisation (MR) and specific genetic variants to separately test the causal roles of higher adiposity with and without its adverse metabolic effects on diseases. Methods We selected 37 chronic diseases associated with obesity and genetic variants associated with different aspects of excess weight. These genetic variants included those associated with metabolically 'favourable adiposity' (FA) and 'unfavourable adiposity' (UFA) that are both associated with higher adiposity but with opposite effects on metabolic risk. We used these variants and two sample MR to test the effects on the chronic diseases. Results MR identified two sets of diseases. First, 11 conditions where the metabolic effect of higher adiposity is the likely primary cause of the disease. Here, MR with the FA and UFA genetics showed opposing effects on risk of disease: coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, hypertension, stroke, type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, chronic kidney disease, renal cancer, and gout. Second, 9 conditions where the non-metabolic effects of excess weight (e.g. mechanical effect) are likely a cause. Here, MR with the FA genetics, despite leading to lower metabolic risk, and MR with the UFA genetics, both indicated higher disease risk: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, gallstones, adult-onset asthma, psoriasis, deep vein thrombosis, and venous thromboembolism. Conclusions Our results assist in understanding the consequences of higher adiposity uncoupled from its adverse metabolic effects, including the risks to individuals with high body mass index who may be relatively metabolically healthy. Funding Diabetes UK, UK Medical Research Council, World Cancer Research Fund, National Cancer Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Martin
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - E Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of WestminsterLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Bown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research CentreLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Philip E Stuart
- Department of Dermatology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
| | - James T Elder
- Department of Dermatology, University of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States
- Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs HospitalAnn ArborUnited States
| | - Philip Law
- The Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Kabrhel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonUnited States
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Nikos Papadimitriou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on CancerLyonFrance
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of GlasgowGlasgowUnited Kingdom
| | - Malcolm G Dunlop
- University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Western General HospitalEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Ian PM Tomlinson
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, IGMM, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Sara Lindström
- Department of Epidemiology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of WestminsterLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Research, Innovation, Learning and Development building, Royal Devon & Exeter HospitalExeterUnited Kingdom
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of WestminsterLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational Medicine (CIRTM), Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University LondonUxbridgeUnited Kingdom
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25
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Timmons GA, Carroll RG, O'Siorain JR, Cervantes-Silva MP, Fagan LE, Cox SL, Palsson-McDermott E, Finlay DK, Vincent EE, Jones N, Curtis AM. The Circadian Clock Protein BMAL1 Acts as a Metabolic Sensor In Macrophages to Control the Production of Pro IL-1β. Front Immunol 2021; 12:700431. [PMID: 34858390 PMCID: PMC8630747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.700431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor BMAL1 is a clock protein that generates daily or circadian rhythms in physiological functions including the inflammatory response of macrophages. Intracellular metabolic pathways direct the macrophage inflammatory response, however whether the clock is impacting intracellular metabolism to direct this response is unclear. Specific metabolic reprogramming of macrophages controls the production of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. We now describe that the macrophage molecular clock, through Bmal1, regulates the uptake of glucose, its flux through glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, including the production of the metabolite succinate to drive Il-1β production. We further demonstrate that BMAL1 modulates the level and localisation of the glycolytic enzyme PKM2, which in turn activates STAT3 to further drive Il-1β mRNA expression. Overall, this work demonstrates that BMAL1 is a key metabolic sensor in macrophages, and its deficiency leads to a metabolic shift of enhanced glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, leading to a heightened pro-inflammatory state. These data provide insight into the control of macrophage driven inflammation by the molecular clock, and the potential for time-based therapeutics against a range of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Timmons
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard G Carroll
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James R O'Siorain
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mariana P Cervantes-Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lauren E Fagan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shannon L Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Palsson-McDermott
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Annie M Curtis
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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26
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Riscal R, Bull CJ, Mesaros C, Finan JM, Carens M, Ho ES, Xu JP, Godfrey J, Brennan P, Johansson M, Purdue MP, Chanock SJ, Mariosa D, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE, Keith B, Blair IA, Skuli N, Simon MC. Cholesterol Auxotrophy as a Targetable Vulnerability in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:3106-3125. [PMID: 34244212 PMCID: PMC8741905 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by large intracellular lipid droplets containing free and esterified cholesterol; however, the functional significance of cholesterol accumulation in ccRCC cells is unknown. We demonstrate that, surprisingly, genes encoding cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes are repressed in ccRCC, suggesting a dependency on exogenous cholesterol. Mendelian randomization analyses based on 31,000 individuals indicate a causal link between elevated circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and ccRCC risk. Depriving ccRCC cells of either cholesterol or HDL compromises proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor growth in vivo; in contrast, elevated dietary cholesterol promotes tumor growth. Scavenger Receptor B1 (SCARB1) is uniquely required for cholesterol import, and inhibiting SCARB1 is sufficient to cause ccRCC cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and decreased PI3K/AKT signaling. Collectively, we reveal a cholesterol dependency in ccRCC and implicate SCARB1 as a novel therapeutic target for treating kidney cancer. SIGNIFICANCE We demonstrate that ccRCC cells are auxotrophic for exogenous cholesterol to maintain PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and ROS homeostasis. Blocking cholesterol import through the HDL transporter SCARB1 compromises ccRCC cell survival and tumor growth, suggesting a novel pharmacologic target for this disease. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Riscal
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Caroline J. Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Finan
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Madeleine Carens
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Elaine S. Ho
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jimmy P. Xu
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jason Godfrey
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mark P. Purdue
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute
| | - Stephen J. Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- The Wistar Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ian A. Blair
- Centers for Cancer Pharmacology and Excellence in Environmental Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Nicolas Skuli
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - M. Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- These authors contributed equally
- Lead contact
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27
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Guida F, Tan VY, Corbin LJ, Smith-Byrne K, Alcala K, Langenberg C, Stewart ID, Butterworth AS, Surendran P, Achaintre D, Adamski J, Amiano P, Bergmann MM, Bull CJ, Dahm CC, Gicquiau A, Giles GG, Gunter MJ, Haller T, Langhammer A, Larose TL, Ljungberg B, Metspalu A, Milne RL, Muller DC, Nøst TH, Pettersen Sørgjerd E, Prehn C, Riboli E, Rinaldi S, Rothwell JA, Scalbert A, Schmidt JA, Severi G, Sieri S, Vermeulen R, Vincent EE, Waldenberger M, Timpson NJ, Johansson M. The blood metabolome of incident kidney cancer: A case-control study nested within the MetKid consortium. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003786. [PMID: 34543281 PMCID: PMC8496779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excess bodyweight and related metabolic perturbations have been implicated in kidney cancer aetiology, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying these relationships are poorly understood. In this study, we sought to identify circulating metabolites that predispose kidney cancer and to evaluate the extent to which they are influenced by body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND FINDINGS We assessed the association between circulating levels of 1,416 metabolites and incident kidney cancer using pre-diagnostic blood samples from up to 1,305 kidney cancer case-control pairs from 5 prospective cohort studies. Cases were diagnosed on average 8 years after blood collection. We found 25 metabolites robustly associated with kidney cancer risk. In particular, 14 glycerophospholipids (GPLs) were inversely associated with risk, including 8 phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and 2 plasmalogens. The PC with the strongest association was PC ae C34:3 with an odds ratio (OR) for 1 standard deviation (SD) increment of 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68 to 0.83, p = 2.6 × 10-8). In contrast, 4 amino acids, including glutamate (OR for 1 SD = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.60, p = 1.6 × 10-5), were positively associated with risk. Adjusting for BMI partly attenuated the risk association for some-but not all-metabolites, whereas other known risk factors of kidney cancer, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, had minimal impact on the observed associations. A mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis of the influence of BMI on the blood metabolome highlighted that some metabolites associated with kidney cancer risk are influenced by BMI. Specifically, elevated BMI appeared to decrease levels of several GPLs that were also found inversely associated with kidney cancer risk (e.g., -0.17 SD change [ßBMI] in 1-(1-enyl-palmitoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPC (P-16:0/18:2) levels per SD change in BMI, p = 3.4 × 10-5). BMI was also associated with increased levels of glutamate (ßBMI: 0.12, p = 1.5 × 10-3). While our results were robust across the participating studies, they were limited to study participants of European descent, and it will, therefore, be important to evaluate if our findings can be generalised to populations with different genetic backgrounds. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a potentially important role of the blood metabolome in kidney cancer aetiology by highlighting a wide range of metabolites associated with the risk of developing kidney cancer and the extent to which changes in levels of these metabolites are driven by BMI-the principal modifiable risk factor of kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Guida
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Vanessa Y. Tan
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura J. Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Karine Alcala
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Isobel D. Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam S. Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David Achaintre
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science, Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Epidemiology of Chronic and Communicable Diseases Group, San Sebastián, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Caroline J. Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Audrey Gicquiau
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Marc J. Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Toomas Haller
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Tricia L. Larose
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Börje Ljungberg
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - David C. Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Therese H. Nøst
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core (MPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Rinaldi
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A. Rothwell
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Équipe “Exposome et Hérédité”, CESP UMR1018, Inserm, Villejuif, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Julie A. Schmidt
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm, Gustave Roussy, Équipe “Exposome et Hérédité”, CESP UMR1018, Inserm, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Renal, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Lyon, France
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Bell JA, Wade KH, O’Keeffe LM, Carslake D, Vincent EE, Holmes MV, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G. Body muscle gain and markers of cardiovascular disease susceptibility in young adulthood: A cohort study. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003751. [PMID: 34499663 PMCID: PMC8428664 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential benefits of gaining body muscle for cardiovascular disease (CVD) susceptibility, and how these compare with the potential harms of gaining body fat, are unknown. We compared associations of early life changes in body lean mass and handgrip strength versus body fat mass with atherogenic traits measured in young adulthood. METHODS AND FINDINGS Data were from 3,227 offspring of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (39% male; recruited in 1991-1992). Limb lean and total fat mass indices (kg/m2) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans performed at age 10, 13, 18, and 25 y (across clinics occurring from 2001-2003 to 2015-2017). Handgrip strength was measured at 12 and 25 y, expressed as maximum grip (kg or lb/in2) and relative grip (maximum grip/weight in kilograms). Linear regression models were used to examine associations of change in standardised measures of these exposures across different stages of body development with 228 cardiometabolic traits measured at age 25 y including blood pressure, fasting insulin, and metabolomics-derived apolipoprotein B lipids. SD-unit gain in limb lean mass index from 10 to 25 y was positively associated with atherogenic traits including very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides. This pattern was limited to lean gain in legs, whereas lean gain in arms was inversely associated with traits including VLDL triglycerides, insulin, and glycoprotein acetyls, and was also positively associated with creatinine (a muscle product and positive control). Furthermore, this pattern for arm lean mass index was specific to SD-unit gains occurring between 13 and 18 y, e.g., -0.13 SD (95% CI -0.22, -0.04) for VLDL triglycerides. Changes in maximum and relative grip from 12 to 25 y were both positively associated with creatinine, but only change in relative grip was also inversely associated with atherogenic traits, e.g., -0.12 SD (95% CI -0.18, -0.06) for VLDL triglycerides per SD-unit gain. Change in fat mass index from 10 to 25 y was more strongly associated with atherogenic traits including VLDL triglycerides, at 0.45 SD (95% CI 0.39, 0.52); these estimates were directionally consistent across sub-periods, with larger effect sizes with more recent gains. Associations of lean, grip, and fat measures with traits were more pronounced among males. Study limitations include potential residual confounding of observational estimates, including by ectopic fat within muscle, and the absence of grip measures in adolescence for estimates of grip change over sub-periods. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that muscle strengthening, as indicated by grip strength gain, was weakly associated with lower atherogenic trait levels in young adulthood, at a smaller magnitude than unfavourable associations of fat mass gain. Associations of muscle mass gain with such traits appear to be smaller and limited to gains occurring in adolescence. These results suggest that body muscle is less robustly associated with markers of CVD susceptibility than body fat and may therefore be a lower-priority intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Linda M. O’Keeffe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - David Carslake
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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29
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Scott LM, Vincent EE, Hudson N, Neal C, Jones N, Lavelle EC, Campbell M, Halestrap AP, Dick AD, Theodoropoulou S. Interleukin-33 regulates metabolic reprogramming of the retinal pigment epithelium in response to immune stressors. JCI Insight 2021; 6:129429. [PMID: 33884963 PMCID: PMC8119202 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It remains unresolved how retinal pigment epithelial cell metabolism is regulated following immune activation to maintain retinal homeostasis and retinal function. We exposed retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to several stress signals, particularly Toll-like receptor stimulation, and uncovered an ability of RPE to adapt their metabolic preference on aerobic glycolysis or oxidative glucose metabolism in response to different immune stimuli. We have identified interleukin-33 (IL-33) as a key metabolic checkpoint that antagonizes the Warburg effect to ensure the functional stability of the RPE. The identification of IL-33 as a key regulator of mitochondrial metabolism suggests roles for the cytokine that go beyond its extracellular “alarmin” activities. IL-33 exerts control over mitochondrial respiration in RPE by facilitating oxidative pyruvate catabolism. We have also revealed that in the absence of IL-33, mitochondrial function declined and resultant bioenergetic switching was aligned with altered mitochondrial morphology. Our data not only shed new light on the molecular pathway of activation of mitochondrial respiration in RPE in response to immune stressors but also uncover a potentially novel role of nuclear intrinsic IL-33 as a metabolic checkpoint regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Scott
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School
| | - Emma E Vincent
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Hudson
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Chris Neal
- Wolfson Bioimaging Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrew P Halestrap
- Department of Biochemistry, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D Dick
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and.,UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Theodoropoulou
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School
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30
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Gormley M, Yarmolinsky J, Dudding T, Burrows K, Martin RM, Thomas S, Tyrrell J, Brennan P, Pring M, Boccia S, Olshan AF, Diergaarde B, Hung RJ, Liu G, Legge D, Tajara EH, Severino P, Lacko M, Ness AR, Davey Smith G, Vincent EE, Richmond RC. Using genetic variants to evaluate the causal effect of cholesterol lowering on head and neck cancer risk: A Mendelian randomization study. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009525. [PMID: 33886544 PMCID: PMC8096036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), which includes cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx, is a cause of substantial global morbidity and mortality. Strategies to reduce disease burden include discovery of novel therapies and repurposing of existing drugs. Statins are commonly prescribed for lowering circulating cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Results from some observational studies suggest that statin use may reduce HNSCC risk. We appraised the relationship of genetically-proxied cholesterol-lowering drug targets and other circulating lipid traits with oral (OC) and oropharyngeal (OPC) cancer risk using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). For the primary analysis, germline genetic variants in HMGCR, NPC1L1, CETP, PCSK9 and LDLR were used to proxy the effect of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering therapies. In secondary analyses, variants were used to proxy circulating levels of other lipid traits in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis of 188,578 individuals. Both primary and secondary analyses aimed to estimate the downstream causal effect of cholesterol lowering therapies on OC and OPC risk. The second sample for MR was taken from a GWAS of 6,034 OC and OPC cases and 6,585 controls (GAME-ON). Analyses were replicated in UK Biobank, using 839 OC and OPC cases and 372,016 controls and the results of the GAME-ON and UK Biobank analyses combined in a fixed-effects meta-analysis. We found limited evidence of a causal effect of genetically-proxied LDL-C lowering using HMGCR, NPC1L1, CETP or other circulating lipid traits on either OC or OPC risk. Genetically-proxied PCSK9 inhibition equivalent to a 1 mmol/L (38.7 mg/dL) reduction in LDL-C was associated with an increased risk of OC and OPC combined (OR 1.8 95%CI 1.2, 2.8, p = 9.31 x10-05), with good concordance between GAME-ON and UK Biobank (I2 = 22%). Effects for PCSK9 appeared stronger in relation to OPC (OR 2.6 95%CI 1.4, 4.9) than OC (OR 1.4 95%CI 0.8, 2.4). LDLR variants, resulting in genetically-proxied reduction in LDL-C equivalent to a 1 mmol/L (38.7 mg/dL), reduced the risk of OC and OPC combined (OR 0.7, 95%CI 0.5, 1.0, p = 0.006). A series of pleiotropy-robust and outlier detection methods showed that pleiotropy did not bias our findings. We found limited evidence for a role of cholesterol-lowering in OC and OPC risk, suggesting previous observational results may have been confounded. There was some evidence that genetically-proxied inhibition of PCSK9 increased risk, while lipid-lowering variants in LDLR, reduced risk of combined OC and OPC. This result suggests that the mechanisms of action of PCSK9 on OC and OPC risk may be independent of its cholesterol lowering effects; however, this was not supported uniformly across all sensitivity analyses and further replication of this finding is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gormley
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Dudding
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberley Burrows
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Thomas
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Tyrrell
- University of Exeter Medical School, RILD Building, RD&E Hospital, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brennan
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Miranda Pring
- Bristol Dental Hospital and School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, University Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Public Health Area, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrew F. Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brenda Diergaarde
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, and UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rayjean J. Hung
- Prosserman Centre for Population Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Danny Legge
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | - Patricia Severino
- Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martin Lacko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Research Institute GROW, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R. Ness
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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31
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Jones N, Blagih J, Zani F, Rees A, Hill DG, Jenkins BJ, Bull CJ, Moreira D, Bantan AIM, Cronin JG, Avancini D, Jones GW, Finlay DK, Vousden KH, Vincent EE, Thornton CA. Fructose reprogrammes glutamine-dependent oxidative metabolism to support LPS-induced inflammation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1209. [PMID: 33619282 PMCID: PMC7900179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21461-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructose intake has increased substantially throughout the developed world and is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Currently, our understanding of the metabolic and mechanistic implications for immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, exposed to elevated levels of dietary fructose is limited. Here, we show that fructose reprograms cellular metabolic pathways to favour glutaminolysis and oxidative metabolism, which are required to support increased inflammatory cytokine production in both LPS-treated human monocytes and mouse macrophages. A fructose-dependent increase in mTORC1 activity drives translation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to LPS. LPS-stimulated monocytes treated with fructose rely heavily on oxidative metabolism and have reduced flexibility in response to both glycolytic and mitochondrial inhibition, suggesting glycolysis and oxidative metabolism are inextricably coupled in these cells. The physiological implications of fructose exposure are demonstrated in a model of LPS-induced systemic inflammation, with mice exposed to fructose having increased levels of circulating IL-1β after LPS challenge. Taken together, our work underpins a pro-inflammatory role for dietary fructose in LPS-stimulated mononuclear phagocytes which occurs at the expense of metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | | | | | - April Rees
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - David G Hill
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Diana Moreira
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Azari I M Bantan
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Daniele Avancini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gareth W Jones
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Emma E Vincent
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
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32
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Bull CJ, Bell JA, Murphy N, Sanderson E, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Banbury BL, Albanes D, Berndt SI, Bézieau S, Bishop DT, Brenner H, Buchanan DD, Burnett-Hartman A, Casey G, Castellví-Bel S, Chan AT, Chang-Claude J, Cross AJ, de la Chapelle A, Figueiredo JC, Gallinger SJ, Gapstur SM, Giles GG, Gruber SB, Gsur A, Hampe J, Hampel H, Harrison TA, Hoffmeister M, Hsu L, Huang WY, Huyghe JR, Jenkins MA, Joshu CE, Keku TO, Kühn T, Kweon SS, Le Marchand L, Li CI, Li L, Lindblom A, Martín V, May AM, Milne RL, Moreno V, Newcomb PA, Offit K, Ogino S, Phipps AI, Platz EA, Potter JD, Qu C, Quirós JR, Rennert G, Riboli E, Sakoda LC, Schafmayer C, Schoen RE, Slattery ML, Tangen CM, Tsilidis KK, Ulrich CM, van Duijnhoven FJB, van Guelpen B, Visvanathan K, Vodicka P, Vodickova L, Wang H, White E, Wolk A, Woods MO, Wu AH, Campbell PT, Zheng W, Peters U, Vincent EE, Gunter MJ. Adiposity, metabolites, and colorectal cancer risk: Mendelian randomization study. BMC Med 2020; 18:396. [PMID: 33327948 PMCID: PMC7745469 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher adiposity increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but whether this relationship varies by anatomical sub-site or by sex is unclear. Further, the metabolic alterations mediating the effects of adiposity on CRC are not fully understood. METHODS We examined sex- and site-specific associations of adiposity with CRC risk and whether adiposity-associated metabolites explain the associations of adiposity with CRC. Genetic variants from genome-wide association studies of body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR, unadjusted for BMI; N = 806,810), and 123 metabolites from targeted nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics (N = 24,925), were used as instruments. Sex-combined and sex-specific Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted for BMI and WHR with CRC risk (58,221 cases and 67,694 controls in the Genetics and Epidemiology of Colorectal Cancer Consortium, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary Study, and Colon Cancer Family Registry). Sex-combined MR was conducted for BMI and WHR with metabolites, for metabolites with CRC, and for BMI and WHR with CRC adjusted for metabolite classes in multivariable models. RESULTS In sex-specific MR analyses, higher BMI (per 4.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.23 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08, 1.38) times higher CRC odds among men (inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) model); among women, higher BMI (per 5.2 kg/m2) was associated with 1.09 (95% CI = 0.97, 1.22) times higher CRC odds. WHR (per 0.07 higher) was more strongly associated with CRC risk among women (IVW OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.43) than men (IVW OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.81, 1.36). BMI or WHR was associated with 104/123 metabolites at false discovery rate-corrected P ≤ 0.05; several metabolites were associated with CRC, but not in directions that were consistent with the mediation of positive adiposity-CRC relations. In multivariable MR analyses, associations of BMI and WHR with CRC were not attenuated following adjustment for representative metabolite classes, e.g., the univariable IVW OR for BMI with CRC was 1.12 (95% CI = 1.00, 1.26), and this became 1.11 (95% CI = 0.99, 1.26) when adjusting for cholesterol in low-density lipoprotein particles. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that higher BMI more greatly raises CRC risk among men, whereas higher WHR more greatly raises CRC risk among women. Adiposity was associated with numerous metabolic alterations, but none of these explained associations between adiposity and CRC. More detailed metabolomic measures are likely needed to clarify the mechanistic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eleanor Sanderson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barbara L Banbury
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel D Buchanan
- Colorectal Oncogenomics Group, Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne Centre for Cancer Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Genomic Medicine and Family Cancer Clinic, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Graham Casey
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sergi Castellví-Bel
- Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Centre Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK
| | - Albert de la Chapelle
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Gallinger
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan M Gapstur
- Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen B Gruber
- Department of Preventive Medicine & USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Dresden, Germany
| | - Heather Hampel
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tabitha A Harrison
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Hoffmeister
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li Hsu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeroen R Huyghe
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark A Jenkins
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Corinne E Joshu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Temitope O Keku
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
- Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | | | - Christopher I Li
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vicente Martín
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedicine Institute (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
| | - Anne M May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor Moreno
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Data Analytics Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ONCOBEL Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Polly A Newcomb
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Clinical Genetics Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology Programs, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John D Potter
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
- Health Sciences Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Conghui Qu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Gad Rennert
- Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Clalit National Cancer Control Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Lori C Sakoda
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert E Schoen
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Martha L Slattery
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Catherine M Tangen
- SWOG Statistical Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kostas K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Bethany van Guelpen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Hansong Wang
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Emily White
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alicja Wolk
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael O Woods
- Discipline of Genetics, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- University of Southern California, Preventative Medicine, CA, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Peter T Campbell
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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Vincent EE, Yaghootkar H. Using genetics to decipher the link between type 2 diabetes and cancer: shared aetiology or downstream consequence? Diabetologia 2020; 63:1706-1717. [PMID: 32705315 PMCID: PMC7406536 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of genetics have accelerated our understanding of the aetiology of complex diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer are no exception, with large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) facilitating exploration of the underlying pathology. Here, we discuss how genetics studies can be used to investigate the relationship between these complex diseases. Observational epidemiological studies consistently report that people with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of several types of cancer. Indeed, type 2 diabetes and cancer share many common risk factors, such as obesity, ageing, poor diet and low levels of physical activity. However, questions remain regarding the biological mechanisms that link these two diseases. Large-scale GWAS of type 2 diabetes and cancer allow us to consider the evidence for shared genetic architecture. Several shared susceptibility genes have been identified, yet tissue specificity and direction of effect must be taken into account when considering common genetic aetiology. We also consider how GWAS, and associated techniques such as Mendelian randomisation, allow us to dissect the link between the two diseases and address questions such as 'Does type 2 diabetes cause cancer or is the increased risk observed driven by higher adiposity or another associated metabolic feature?' Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Science Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TW, UK.
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Bell JA, Bull CJ, Gunter MJ, Carslake D, Mahajan A, Davey Smith G, Timpson NJ, Vincent EE. Early Metabolic Features of Genetic Liability to Type 2 Diabetes: Cohort Study With Repeated Metabolomics Across Early Life. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:1537-1545. [PMID: 32345654 PMCID: PMC7305012 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes develops for many years before diagnosis. We aimed to reveal early metabolic features characterizing liability to adult disease by examining genetic liability to adult type 2 diabetes in relation to metabolomic traits across early life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Up to 4,761 offspring from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were studied. Linear models were used to examine effects of a genetic risk score (162 variants) for adult type 2 diabetes on 229 metabolomic traits (lipoprotein subclass-specific cholesterol and triglycerides, amino acids, glycoprotein acetyls, and others) measured at age 8 years, 16 years, 18 years, and 25 years. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was also conducted using genome-wide association study data on metabolomic traits in an independent sample of 24,925 adults. RESULTS At age 8 years, associations were most evident for type 2 diabetes liability (per SD higher) with lower lipids in HDL subtypes (e.g., -0.03 SD [95% CI -0.06, -0.003] for total lipids in very large HDL). At 16 years, associations were stronger with preglycemic traits, including citrate and with glycoprotein acetyls (0.05 SD; 95% CI 0.01, 0.08), and at 18 years, associations were stronger with branched-chain amino acids. At 25 years, associations had strengthened with VLDL lipids and remained consistent with previously altered traits, including HDL lipids. Two-sample MR estimates among adults indicated persistent patterns of effect of disease liability. CONCLUSIONS Our results support perturbed HDL lipid metabolism as one of the earliest features of type 2 diabetes liability, alongside higher branched-chain amino acid and inflammatory levels. Several features are apparent in childhood as early as age 8 years, decades before the clinical onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Bell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Caroline J Bull
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David Carslake
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K
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Jones N, Vincent EE, Felix LC, Cronin JG, Scott LM, Hole PS, Lacy P, Thornton CA. Interleukin-5 drives glycolysis and reactive oxygen species-dependent citric acid cycling by eosinophils. Allergy 2020; 75:1361-1370. [PMID: 31856334 DOI: 10.1111/all.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Eosinophils have been long implicated in antiparasite immunity and allergic diseases and, more recently, in regulating adipose tissue homeostasis. The metabolic processes that govern eosinophils, particularly upon activation, are unknown. METHODS Peripheral blood eosinophils were isolated for the analysis of metabolic processes using extracellular flux analysis and individual metabolites by stable isotope tracer analysis coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following treatment with IL-3, IL-5 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Eosinophil metabolism was elucidated using pharmacological inhibitors. RESULTS Human eosinophils engage a largely glycolytic metabolism but also employ mitochondrial metabolism. Cytokine stimulation generates citric acid cycle (TCA) intermediates from both glucose and glutamine revealing this previously unknown role for mitochondria upon eosinophil activation. We further show that the metabolic programme driven by IL-5 is dependent on the STAT5/PI3K/Akt signalling axis and that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX)-dependent ROS production might be a driver of mitochondrial metabolism upon eosinophil activation. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that eosinophils are capable of metabolic plasticity, evidenced by increased glucose-derived lactate production upon ROS inhibition. Collectively, this study reveals a role for both glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism in cytokine-stimulated eosinophils. Selective targeting of eosinophil metabolism may be of therapeutic benefit in eosinophil-mediated diseases and regulation of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, UK
| | - Lindsey C Felix
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC), Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Louis M Scott
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul S Hole
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paige Lacy
- Alberta Respiratory Centre (ARC), Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Yarmolinsky J, Bull CJ, Vincent EE, Robinson J, Walther A, Smith GD, Lewis SJ, Relton CL, Martin RM. Association Between Genetically Proxied Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. JAMA 2020; 323:646-655. [PMID: 32068819 PMCID: PMC7042851 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Importance Preclinical and epidemiological studies indicate a potential chemopreventive role of statins in epithelial ovarian cancer risk. Objective To evaluate the association of genetically proxied inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (ie, genetic variants related to lower function of HMG-CoA reductase, target of statins) with epithelial ovarian cancer among the general population and in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Design, Setting, and Participants Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9 associated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis (N ≤196 475) were used to proxy therapeutic inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), respectively. Summary statistics were obtained for these SNPs from a GWAS meta-analysis of case-control analyses of invasive epithelial ovarian cancer in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC; N = 63 347) and from a GWAS meta-analysis of retrospective cohort analyses of epithelial ovarian cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA; N = 31 448). Across the 2 consortia, participants were enrolled between 1973 and 2014 and followed up through 2015. OCAC participants came from 14 countries and CIMBA participants came from 25 countries. SNPs were combined into multi-allelic models and mendelian randomization estimates representing lifelong inhibition of targets were generated using inverse-variance weighted random-effects models. Exposures Primary exposure was genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and secondary exposures were genetically proxied inhibition of NPC1L1 and PCSK9 and genetically proxied circulating LDL cholesterol levels. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall and histotype-specific invasive epithelial ovarian cancer (general population) and epithelial ovarian cancer (BRCA1/2 mutation carriers), measured as ovarian cancer odds (general population) and hazard ratio (BRCA1/2 mutation carriers). Results The OCAC sample included 22 406 women with invasive epithelial ovarian cancer and 40 941 control individuals and the CIMBA sample included 3887 women with epithelial ovarian cancer and 27 561 control individuals. Median ages for the cohorts ranged from 41.5 to 59.0 years and all participants were of European ancestry. In the primary analysis, genetically proxied HMG-CoA reductase inhibition equivalent to a 1-mmol/L (38.7-mg/dL) reduction in LDL cholesterol was associated with lower odds of epithelial ovarian cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.60 [95% CI, 0.43-0.83]; P = .002). In BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, genetically proxied HMG-CoA reductase inhibition was associated with lower ovarian cancer risk (hazard ratio, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.51-0.93]; P = .01). In secondary analyses, there were no significant associations of genetically proxied inhibition of NPC1L1 (OR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.53-1.75]; P = .91), PCSK9 (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.85-1.13]; P = .80), or circulating LDL cholesterol (OR, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.91-1.05]; P = .55) with epithelial ovarian cancer. Conclusions and Relevance Genetically proxied inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase was significantly associated with lower odds of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, these findings do not indicate risk reduction from medications that inhibit HMG-CoA reductase; further research is needed to understand whether there is a similar association with such medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Yarmolinsky
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline J. Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Robinson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Walther
- Bristol Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J. Lewis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L. Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Langdon RJ, Richmond RC, Hemani G, Zheng J, Wade KH, Carreras-Torres R, Johansson M, Brennan P, Wootton RE, Munafo MR, Smith GD, Relton CL, Vincent EE, Martin RM, Haycock P. A Phenome-Wide Mendelian Randomization Study of Pancreatic Cancer Using Summary Genetic Data. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:2070-2078. [PMID: 31315910 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 5-year mortality rate for pancreatic cancer is among the highest of all cancers. Greater understanding of underlying causes could inform population-wide intervention strategies for prevention. Summary genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have become available for thousands of phenotypes. These data can be exploited in Mendelian randomization (MR) phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) to efficiently screen the phenome for potential determinants of disease risk. METHODS We conducted an MR-PheWAS of pancreatic cancer using 486 phenotypes, proxied by 9,124 genetic variants, and summary genetic data from a GWAS of pancreatic cancer (7,110 cancer cases, 7,264 controls). ORs and 95% confidence intervals per 1 SD increase in each phenotype were generated. RESULTS We found evidence that previously reported risk factors of body mass index (BMI; 1.46; 1.20-1.78) and hip circumference (1.42; 1.21-1.67) were associated with pancreatic cancer. We also found evidence of novel associations with metabolites that have not previously been implicated in pancreatic cancer: ADpSGEGDFXAEGGGVR*, a fibrinogen-cleavage peptide (1.60; 1.31-1.95), and O-sulfo-l-tyrosine (0.58; 0.46-0.74). An inverse association was also observed with lung adenocarcinoma (0.63; 0.54-0.74). CONCLUSIONS Markers of adiposity (BMI and hip circumference) are potential intervention targets for pancreatic cancer prevention. Further clarification of the causal relevance of the fibrinogen-cleavage peptides and O-sulfo-l-tyrosine in pancreatic cancer etiology is required, as is the basis of our observed association with lung adenocarcinoma. IMPACT For pancreatic cancer, MR-PheWAS can augment existing risk factor knowledge and generate novel hypotheses to investigate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gibran Hemani
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jie Zheng
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlin H Wade
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Carreras-Torres
- Biomarkers and Susceptibility Unit, IDIBELL-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Paul Brennan
- Section of Genetics, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Robyn E Wootton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus R Munafo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Haycock
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
- Bristol Medical School, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Jones N, Vincent EE, Cronin JG, Panetti S, Chambers M, Holm SR, Owens SE, Francis NJ, Finlay DK, Thornton CA. Akt and STAT5 mediate naïve human CD4+ T-cell early metabolic response to TCR stimulation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2042. [PMID: 31053703 PMCID: PMC6499791 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways that regulate T-cell function show promise as therapeutic targets in diverse diseases. Here, we show that at rest cultured human effector memory and central memory CD4+ T-cells have elevated levels of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), in comparison to naïve T-cells. Despite having low resting metabolic rates, naive T-cells respond to TCR stimulation with robust and rapid increases in glycolysis and OXPHOS. This early metabolic switch requires Akt activity to support increased rates of glycolysis and STAT5 activity for amino acid biosynthesis and TCA cycle anaplerosis. Importantly, both STAT5 inhibition and disruption of TCA cycle anaplerosis are associated with reduced IL-2 production, demonstrating the functional importance of this early metabolic program. Our results define STAT5 as a key node in modulating the early metabolic program following activation in naive CD4+ T-cells and in turn provide greater understanding of how cellular metabolism shapes T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Silvia Panetti
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Megan Chambers
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Sian E Owens
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Nigel J Francis
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - David K Finlay
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearce Street, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Beynon RA, Richmond RC, Santos Ferreira DL, Ness AR, May M, Smith GD, Vincent EE, Adams C, Ala‐Korpela M, Würtz P, Soidinsalo S, Metcalfe C, Donovan JL, Lane AJ, Martin RM. Investigating the effects of lycopene and green tea on the metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer: The ProDiet randomised controlled trial. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:1918-1928. [PMID: 30325021 PMCID: PMC6491994 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lycopene and green tea consumption have been observationally associated with reduced prostate cancer risk, but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We investigated the effect of factorial randomisation to a 6-month lycopene and green tea dietary advice or supplementation intervention on 159 serum metabolite measures in 128 men with raised PSA levels (but prostate cancer-free), analysed by intention-to-treat. The causal effects of metabolites modified by the intervention on prostate cancer risk were then assessed by Mendelian randomisation, using summary statistics from 44,825 prostate cancer cases and 27,904 controls. The systemic effects of lycopene and green tea supplementation on serum metabolic profile were comparable to the effects of the respective dietary advice interventions (R2 = 0.65 and 0.76 for lycopene and green tea respectively). Metabolites which were altered in response to lycopene supplementation were acetate [β (standard deviation difference vs. placebo): 0.69; 95% CI = 0.24, 1.15; p = 0.003], valine (β: -0.62; -1.03, -0.02; p = 0.004), pyruvate (β: -0.56; -0.95, -0.16; p = 0.006) and docosahexaenoic acid (β: -0.50; -085, -0.14; p = 0.006). Valine and diacylglycerol were lower in the lycopene dietary advice group (β: -0.65; -1.04, -0.26; p = 0.001 and β: -0.59; -1.01, -0.18; p = 0.006). A genetically instrumented SD increase in pyruvate increased the odds of prostate cancer by 1.29 (1.03, 1.62; p = 0.027). An intervention to increase lycopene intake altered the serum metabolome of men at risk of prostate cancer. Lycopene lowered levels of pyruvate, which our Mendelian randomisation analysis suggests may be causally related to reduced prostate cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona A. Beynon
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Diana L. Santos Ferreira
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Ness
- The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Bristol Biomedical Research CentreUpper Maudlin Street, BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Margaret May
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Charleen Adams
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala‐Korpela
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Computational MedicineUniversity of Oulu and Biocenter OuluOuluFinland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of PharmacyUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Systems EpidemiologyBaker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesThe Alfred Hospital, Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter Würtz
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and ObesityUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Nightingale Health Ltd.HelsinkiFinland
| | | | - Christopher Metcalfe
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Jenny L. Donovan
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Athene J. Lane
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Bristol Randomised Trials Collaboration, School of Social and Community MedicineUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Martin
- Present address:
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
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Bell JA, Carslake D, Wade KH, Richmond RC, Langdon RJ, Vincent EE, Holmes MV, Timpson NJ, Davey Smith G. Influence of puberty timing on adiposity and cardiometabolic traits: A Mendelian randomisation study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002641. [PMID: 30153260 PMCID: PMC6112630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier puberty is widely linked with future obesity and cardiometabolic disease. We examined whether age at puberty onset likely influences adiposity and cardiometabolic traits independent of childhood adiposity. METHODS AND FINDINGS One-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were conducted on up to 3,611 white-European female and male offspring from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort recruited at birth via mothers between 1 April 1991 and 31 December 1992. Time-sensitive exposures were age at menarche and age at voice breaking. Outcomes measured at age 18 y were body mass index (BMI), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-based fat and lean mass indices, blood pressure, and 230 cardiometabolic traits derived from targeted metabolomics (150 concentrations plus 80 ratios from nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] spectroscopy covering lipoprotein subclasses of cholesterol and triglycerides, amino acids, inflammatory glycoproteins, and others). Adjustment was made for pre-pubertal BMI measured at age 8 y. For negative control MR analyses, BMI and cardiometabolic trait measures taken at age 8 y (before puberty, and which therefore cannot be an outcome of puberty itself) were used. For replication analyses, 2-sample MR was conducted using summary genome-wide association study data on up to 322,154 adults for post-pubertal BMI, 24,925 adults for post-pubertal NMR cardiometabolic traits, and 13,848 children for pre-pubertal obesity (negative control). Like observational estimates, 1-sample MR estimates in ALSPAC using 351 polymorphisms for age at menarche (explaining 10.6% of variance) among 2,053 females suggested that later age at menarche (per year) was associated with -1.38 kg/m2 of BMI at age 18 y (or -0.34 SD units, 95% CI -0.46, -0.23; P = 9.77 × 10-09). This coefficient attenuated 10-fold upon adjustment for BMI at age 8 y, to -0.12 kg/m2 (or -0.03 SDs, 95% CI -0.13, 0.07; P = 0.55). Associations with blood pressure were similar, but associations across other traits were small and inconsistent. In negative control MR analyses, later age at menarche was associated with -0.77 kg/m2 of pre-pubertal BMI measured at age 8 y (or -0.39 SDs, 95% CI -0.50, -0.29; P = 6.28 × 10-13), indicating that variants influencing menarche also influence BMI before menarche. Cardiometabolic trait associations were weaker and less consistent among males and both sexes combined. Higher BMI at age 8 y (per 1 kg/m2 using 95 polymorphisms for BMI explaining 3.4% of variance) was associated with earlier menarche among 2,648 females (by -0.26 y, 95% CI -0.37, -0.16; P = 1.16 × 10-06), likewise among males and both sexes combined. In 2-sample MR analyses using 234 polymorphisms and inverse variance weighted (IVW) regression, each year later age at menarche was associated with -0.81 kg/m2 of adult BMI (or -0.17 SD units, 95% CI -0.21, -0.12; P = 4.00 × 10-15). Associations were weaker with cardiometabolic traits. Using 202 polymorphisms, later menarche was associated with lower odds of childhood obesity (IVW-based odds ratio = 0.52 per year later, 95% CI 0.48, 0.57; P = 6.64 × 10-15). Study limitations include modest sample sizes for 1-sample MR, lack of inference to non-white-European populations, potential selection bias through modest completion rates of puberty questionnaires, and likely disproportionate measurement error of exposures by sex. The cardiometabolic traits examined were heavily lipid-focused and did not include hormone-related traits such as insulin and insulin-like growth factors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that puberty timing has a small influence on adiposity and cardiometabolic traits and that preventive interventions should instead focus on reducing childhood adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Bell
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - David Carslake
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan J. Langdon
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Elsworth B, Dawe K, Vincent EE, Langdon R, Lynch BM, Martin RM, Relton C, Higgins JPT, Gaunt TR. MELODI: Mining Enriched Literature Objects to Derive Intermediates. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:4803214. [PMID: 29342271 PMCID: PMC5913624 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific literature contains a wealth of information from different fields on potential disease mechanisms. However, identifying and prioritizing mechanisms for further analytical evaluation presents enormous challenges in terms of the quantity and diversity of published research. The application of data mining approaches to the literature offers the potential to identify and prioritize mechanisms for more focused and detailed analysis. METHODS Here we present MELODI, a literature mining platform that can identify mechanistic pathways between any two biomedical concepts. RESULTS Two case studies demonstrate the potential uses of MELODI and how it can generate hypotheses for further investigation. First, an analysis of ETS-related gene ERG and prostate cancer derives the intermediate transcription factor SP1, recently confirmed to be physically interacting with ERG. Second, examining the relationship between a new potential risk factor for pancreatic cancer identifies possible mechanistic insights which can be studied in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the possible applications of MELODI, including two case studies. MELODI has been implemented as a Python/Django web application, and is freely available to use at [www.melodi.biocompute.org.uk].
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Elsworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Karen Dawe
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ryan Langdon
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard M Martin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Vincent EE, Chaplin EJ, Williams JE, Harvey-Dunstan T, Greening NJ, Steiner MC, Morgan MD, Singh SJ. Experiences of patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation during an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease. Chron Respir Dis 2017; 14:298-308. [PMID: 28774198 PMCID: PMC5720237 DOI: 10.1177/1479972317695812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized in the later stages by acute exacerbations that often require hospitalization. Pulmonary rehabilitation is recommended for patients with COPD to aid symptom control, improve quality of life and increase physical activity. We have previously reported a large intervention trial commenced during a hospital admission. The aim of this sub-study was to evaluate the patients’ experiences of discharge following the hospitalization for an acute exacerbation of COPD. During a programme of early rehabilitation (ER) patient perceptions, experiences and healthcare use were collated during the month that followed their discharge. ER (started during their admission) was comprised of exercise training techniques that were modified to suit the environment of acute illness, together with an education and self-management programme. Each patient was then supported on the programme by telephone contact, following their discharge home, at 48 hours, 2 weeks and 4 weeks. We collected information in relation to the walking and exercise progression; we monitored patient recall of healthcare use, compliance/understanding of medical therapy, as well as their wider perceptions that may have influenced the recovery process. Healthcare use was captured using GP records and data analysis. Of the 100 patients, 47 males, (mean (standard deviation)) 71 (9.3) years, FEV1 1.14 L (0.6), BMI 26.6 (6.9), pack smoked years 45.8 (29.6), ethnicity White British 97%, were discharged home following an acute exacerbation of their respiratory symptoms, to an ER programme. At 48 hours following discharge, a minority (20%) of patients stated their symptoms were ‘feeling better’; 15% highlighted that they found the prescribed ‘exercise difficult’; 44% of patients felt at the end of the month that prescribed exercise programme had a ‘positive effect’ on their recovery from their exacerbation; 38% of patients felt their family had a positive effect on their recovery; 11% felt their family hindered. Patients reported a mean confidence score of 8.21 (2.1) for exercise that did not vary over the three contacts (p = 0.166). A similar mean confidence score of 7.76 (2.6) was reported for walking with a non-statistical change also noted (p = 0.223). When patient recall of primary health care contact was compared with actual use, there was statistical significance shown (p = 0.002); patients underestimated the amount of care they received. The data indicate that patients do recover at home within the support of an early intervention. Patients are positive about the benefit of ER in the process of recovery; however, this is uncontrolled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Vincent
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Emma J Chaplin
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Johanna Ea Williams
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Theresa Harvey-Dunstan
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil J Greening
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Michael C Steiner
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mike D Morgan
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sally J Singh
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Carbonneau M, M Gagné L, Lalonde ME, Germain MA, Motorina A, Guiot MC, Secco B, Vincent EE, Tumber A, Hulea L, Bergeman J, Oppermann U, Jones RG, Laplante M, Topisirovic I, Petrecca K, Huot MÉ, Mallette FA. The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate activates the mTOR signalling pathway. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12700. [PMID: 27624942 PMCID: PMC5027283 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of cancer-associated mutations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) highlights the prevailing notion that aberrant metabolic function can contribute to carcinogenesis. IDH1/2 normally catalyse the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate into α-ketoglutarate (αKG). In gliomas and acute myeloid leukaemias, IDH1/2 mutations confer gain-of-function leading to production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) from αKG. Here we show that generation of 2HG by mutated IDH1/2 leads to the activation of mTOR by inhibiting KDM4A, an αKG-dependent enzyme of the Jumonji family of lysine demethylases. Furthermore, KDM4A associates with the DEP domain-containing mTOR-interacting protein (DEPTOR), a negative regulator of mTORC1/2. Depletion of KDM4A decreases DEPTOR protein stability. Our results provide an additional molecular mechanism for the oncogenic activity of mutant IDH1/2 by revealing an unprecedented link between TCA cycle defects and positive modulation of mTOR function downstream of the canonical PI3K/AKT/TSC1-2 pathway. Oncogenic mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 result in the production of the oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate. Here the authors show that the oncometabolite promotes mTOR activation in a PTEN/PI3K-independent manner by regulating DEPTOR stability via inhibition of KDM4A activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Carbonneau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Laurence M Gagné
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Marie-Eve Lalonde
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Anne Germain
- Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Alena Motorina
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Blandine Secco
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Anthony Tumber
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, NDM Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Laura Hulea
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Jonathan Bergeman
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington OX3 7DQ, UK.,Botnar Research Center, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology &Musculoskeletal Sciences, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G5.,Département de Médecine, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Côte-Ste-Catherine Road, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 546 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1S6
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | - Marc-Étienne Huot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval; Départements de Biologie moléculaire, biochimie médicale et pathologie, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.,CHU de Québec-Axe Oncologie (Hôtel-Dieu de Québec), Québec City, Quebec Canada G1R 3S3
| | - Frédérick A Mallette
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7.,Chromatin Structure and Cellular Senescence Research Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H1T 2M4.,Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7
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Lampropoulou V, Sergushichev A, Bambouskova M, Nair S, Vincent EE, Loginicheva E, Cervantes-Barragan L, Ma X, Huang SCC, Griss T, Weinheimer CJ, Khader S, Randolph GJ, Pearce EJ, Jones RG, Diwan A, Diamond MS, Artyomov MN. Itaconate Links Inhibition of Succinate Dehydrogenase with Macrophage Metabolic Remodeling and Regulation of Inflammation. Cell Metab 2016; 24:158-66. [PMID: 27374498 PMCID: PMC5108454 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 841] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation accompanying inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can adopt regulatory roles that govern specific aspects of inflammatory response, as recently shown for succinate, which regulates the pro-inflammatory IL-1β-HIF-1α axis. Itaconate is one of the most highly induced metabolites in activated macrophages, yet its functional significance remains unknown. Here, we show that itaconate modulates macrophage metabolism and effector functions by inhibiting succinate dehydrogenase-mediated oxidation of succinate. Through this action, itaconate exerts anti-inflammatory effects when administered in vitro and in vivo during macrophage activation and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Using newly generated Irg1(-/-) mice, which lack the ability to produce itaconate, we show that endogenous itaconate regulates succinate levels and function, mitochondrial respiration, and inflammatory cytokine production during macrophage activation. These studies highlight itaconate as a major physiological regulator of the global metabolic rewiring and effector functions of inflammatory macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Lampropoulou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexey Sergushichev
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Monika Bambouskova
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sharmila Nair
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Luisa Cervantes-Barragan
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiucui Ma
- Center for Cardiovascular Research in Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Stanley Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takla Griss
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Carla J Weinheimer
- Division of Cardiology and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Shabaana Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, and Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg 79108, Germany
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; and Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Abhinav Diwan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research in Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; and John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Sergushichev AA, Loboda AA, Jha AK, Vincent EE, Driggers EM, Jones RG, Pearce EJ, Artyomov MN. GAM: a web-service for integrated transcriptional and metabolic network analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:W194-200. [PMID: 27098040 PMCID: PMC4987878 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel techniques for high-throughput steady-state metabolomic profiling yield information about changes of nearly thousands of metabolites. Such metabolomic profiles, when analyzed together with transcriptional profiles, can reveal novel insights about underlying biological processes. While a number of conceptual approaches have been developed for data integration, easily accessible tools for integrated analysis of mammalian steady-state metabolomic and transcriptional data are lacking. Here we present GAM (‘genes and metabolites’): a web-service for integrated network analysis of transcriptional and steady-state metabolomic data focused on identification of the most changing metabolic subnetworks between two conditions of interest. In the web-service, we have pre-assembled metabolic networks for humans, mice, Arabidopsis and yeast and adapted exact solvers for an optimal subgraph search to work in the context of these metabolic networks. The output is the most regulated metabolic subnetwork of size controlled by false discovery rate parameters. The subnetworks are then visualized online and also can be downloaded in Cytoscape format for subsequent processing. The web-service is available at: https://artyomovlab.wustl.edu/shiny/gam/
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Sergushichev
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexander A Loboda
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | | | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Department of Immunometabolism, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, D-79108, Germany
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Computer Technologies Department, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St.Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Greening NJ, Harvey-Dunstan TC, Chaplin EJ, Vincent EE, Morgan MD, Singh SJ, Steiner MC. Bedside assessment of quadriceps muscle by ultrasound after admission for acute exacerbations of chronic respiratory disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 192:810-6. [PMID: 26068143 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201503-0535oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hospitalization represents a major event for the patient with chronic respiratory disease. There is a high risk of readmission, which over the longer term may be related more closely to the underlying condition of the patient, such as skeletal muscle dysfunction. OBJECTIVES We assessed the risk of hospital readmission at 1 year, including measures of lower limb muscle as part of a larger clinical trial. METHODS Patients hospitalized with an exacerbation of chronic respiratory disease underwent measures of muscle function including quadriceps ultrasound. Independent factors influencing time to hospital readmission or death were identified. Patients were classified into four quartiles based on quadriceps size and compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS One hundred and ninety-one patients (mean age, 71.6 [SD, 9.1] yr) were recruited. One hundred and thirty (68%) were either readmitted or died. Factors associated with readmission or death were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.08; P = 0.015), Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea grade (OR, 4.57; 95% CI, 2.62-7.95; P < 0.001), home oxygen use (OR, 12.4; 95% CI, 4.53-33.77; P < 0.001), quadriceps (rectus femoris) cross-sectional area (Qcsa) (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.65; P = 0.001), and hospitalization in the previous year (OR, 4.82; 95% CI, 2.42-9.58; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analyses, home oxygen use (OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 1.68-13.69; P = 0.003), MRC dyspnea grade (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.44-4.59; P = 0.001), Qcsa (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.95; P = 0.035), and previous hospitalization (OR, 3.04; 95% CI, 1.47-6.29; P = 0.003) were independently associated with readmission or death. Patients with the smallest muscle spent more days in hospital than those with largest muscle (28.1 [SD, 33.9] vs. 12.2 [SD, 23.5] d; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Smaller quadriceps muscle size, as measured by ultrasound in the acute care setting, is an independent risk factor for unscheduled readmission or death, which may have value both in clinical practice and for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil J Greening
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.,2 Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Theresa C Harvey-Dunstan
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.,2 Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and
| | - Emma J Chaplin
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Vincent
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Mike D Morgan
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Sally J Singh
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.,2 Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; and.,3 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Steiner
- 1 Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Institute of Lung Health, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.,3 School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Vincent EE, Sergushichev A, Griss T, Gingras MC, Samborska B, Ntimbane T, Coelho PP, Blagih J, Raissi TC, Choinière L, Bridon G, Loginicheva E, Flynn BR, Thomas EC, Tavaré JM, Avizonis D, Pause A, Elder DJE, Artyomov MN, Jones RG. Mitochondrial Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Regulates Metabolic Adaptation and Enables Glucose-Independent Tumor Growth. Mol Cell 2016; 60:195-207. [PMID: 26474064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt metabolically to proliferate under nutrient limitation. Here we used combined transcriptional-metabolomic network analysis to identify metabolic pathways that support glucose-independent tumor cell proliferation. We found that glucose deprivation stimulated re-wiring of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and early steps of gluconeogenesis to promote glucose-independent cell proliferation. Glucose limitation promoted the production of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from glutamine via the activity of mitochondrial PEP-carboxykinase (PCK2). Under these conditions, glutamine-derived PEP was used to fuel biosynthetic pathways normally sustained by glucose, including serine and purine biosynthesis. PCK2 expression was required to maintain tumor cell proliferation under limited-glucose conditions in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Elevated PCK2 expression is observed in several human tumor types and enriched in tumor tissue from non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our results define a role for PCK2 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming that promotes glucose-independent cell growth and metabolic stress resistance in human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alexey Sergushichev
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Takla Griss
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bozena Samborska
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thierry Ntimbane
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Metabolomics Core Facility, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Paula P Coelho
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Julianna Blagih
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Thomas C Raissi
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Luc Choinière
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Metabolomics Core Facility, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Bridon
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Metabolomics Core Facility, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Ekaterina Loginicheva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Breanna R Flynn
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Elaine C Thomas
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jeremy M Tavaré
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Daina Avizonis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Metabolomics Core Facility, Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Douglas J E Elder
- School of Biochemistry, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Maxim N Artyomov
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Russell G Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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Vincent EE, Sergushichev A, Griss T, Artyomov MN, Jones RG. Abstract A20: Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) regulates metabolic adaptation and enables glucose-independent tumor cell growth. Mol Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.metca15-a20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Cancer cells must adapt metabolically to survive and proliferate when nutrients are limiting. Here we used combined transcriptional-metabolomic network analysis to identify metabolic pathways that support glucose-independent tumor cell growth. We found that glucose deprivation stimulated the re-wiring of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and early steps of gluconeogenesis to promote cell proliferation under low glucose. Glucose limitation promoted the production of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) from glutamine, which was used to fuel biosynthetic pathways normally sustained by glucose, including serine and purine biosynthesis. Mitochondrial PEP-carboxykinase (PCK2) was required for this glutamine-dependent metabolic reprogramming. PCK2 expression was dependent on the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), and required to maintain tumor cell proliferation under limiting glucose availability. Elevated PCK2 expression is observed in several human tumor types, and enriched in tumor tissue from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Our results define a novel role for PCK2 in cancer cell metabolic reprogramming that promotes glucose-independent cell growth and metabolic stress resistance in human tumors.
Citation Format: Emma E. Vincent, Alexey Sergushichev, Takla Griss, Maxime N. Artyomov, Russell G. Jones. Mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK2) regulates metabolic adaptation and enables glucose-independent tumor cell growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Metabolism and Cancer; Jun 7-10, 2015; Bellevue, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(1_Suppl):Abstract nr A20.
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Griss T, Vincent EE, Egnatchik R, Chen J, Ma EH, Faubert B, Viollet B, DeBerardinis RJ, Jones RG. Metformin Antagonizes Cancer Cell Proliferation by Suppressing Mitochondrial-Dependent Biosynthesis. PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002309. [PMID: 26625127 PMCID: PMC4666657 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a biguanide widely prescribed to treat Type II diabetes that has gained interest as an antineoplastic agent. Recent work suggests that metformin directly antagonizes cancer cell growth through its actions on complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). However, the mechanisms by which metformin arrests cancer cell proliferation remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that the metabolic checkpoint kinases AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and LKB1 are not required for the antiproliferative effects of metformin. Rather, metformin inhibits cancer cell proliferation by suppressing mitochondrial-dependent biosynthetic activity. We show that in vitro metformin decreases the flow of glucose- and glutamine-derived metabolic intermediates into the Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle, leading to reduced citrate production and de novo lipid biosynthesis. Tumor cells lacking functional mitochondria maintain lipid biosynthesis in the presence of metformin via glutamine-dependent reductive carboxylation, and display reduced sensitivity to metformin-induced proliferative arrest. Our data indicate that metformin inhibits cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the production of mitochondrial-dependent metabolic intermediates required for cell growth, and that metabolic adaptations that bypass mitochondrial-dependent biosynthesis may provide a mechanism of tumor cell resistance to biguanide activity. How does the antidiabetic drug metformin inhibit cancer? This metabolomic study shows that metformin blocks tumor cell proliferation independently of the classic metabolic checkpoints by suppressing mitochondrial-dependent biosynthesis. Cancer is a disease characterized by unregulated proliferation of transformed cells. To meet the increased biosynthetic demands of proliferation, biosynthetic building blocks required for cellular growth must be generated in large quantities. As cancer cells increase their anabolic metabolism to promote cell growth, there is significant interest in targeting these processes for cancer therapy. Metformin is a drug prescribed to treat Type II diabetes that has gained interest as an anti-tumor agent due to its suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation. However, how metformin works to slow cancer cell growth has remained poorly understood. Here we show that metformin arrests cancer cell proliferation by starving mitochondria of the necessary metabolic intermediates required for anabolic metabolism in tumor cells. This results in reduced proliferation in part due to decreased synthesis of lipids used for membrane biosynthesis. We also show that some cancer cells use alternative metabolic pathways to synthesize lipids independently of mitochondrial metabolism, and that these cells are resistant to the antigrowth effects of metformin. Better understanding of mechanisms of metformin resistance will be crucial for metformin to be used as an effective anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takla Griss
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emma E. Vincent
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert Egnatchik
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Chen
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric H. Ma
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brandon Faubert
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Russell G. Jones
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Vincent EE. Meaningful patient education: How can pulmonary rehabilitation help to bridge the gap for those with interstitial lung disease? Chron Respir Dis 2015; 12:83-4. [PMID: 25920532 DOI: 10.1177/1479972315579363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Vincent
- Department of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Centre for Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, Glenfield Hospital, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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