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Steblaj B, Kutter APN, Stirn M, Daminet S, Major A, Zini E. Endotoxic kidney injury in Beagle dogs assessed by serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine, and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and clusterin. Res Vet Sci 2023; 162:104966. [PMID: 37516042 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.104966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis of Gram negative bacterial origin results in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia. This often leads to acute kidney injury (AKI) and its recognition remains a challenge and delays treatment. As renal damage occurs before a rise in serum creatinine is detected, new early biomarkers of kidney injury need to be explored. The aim of this study was to determine changes in serum parameters of renal function and urine biomarkers of renal injury. This was a descriptive study. Endotoxemia was induced intravenously in six anaesthetized Beagles (T1). To achieve normotension, dogs received fluids (T2), followed by a continuous infusion of noradrenaline and dexmedetomidine or 0.9% NaCl (T3). Ten minutes later, the dogs received fluids (T4) and noradrenaline and dexmedetomidine or 0.9% NaCl in a crossover manner (T5). At each timepoint, blood and urine were collected for serum creatinine, urea, symmetric dimethylarginine, urine protein/creatinine (UPC) ratio, urine neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (U-NGAL), U-NGAL/creatinine ratio, urine clusterin (U-clusterin) and U-clusterin/creatinine ratio. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effect model taking into account time and stage of veterinary AKI (VAKI). Three of six dogs had a VAKI stage ≥1; one with anuria and elevated creatinine. Serum creatinine (P < 0.001), U-NGAL/creatinine ratio (P = 0.01) and U-clusterin/creatinine ratio increased over time (P < 0.01). The UPC ratio (mean (range) 0.68 (0.35-2.3) versus 0.39 (0.15-0.71) P < 0.01) and U-NGAL (3164 pg/mL (100-147,555) versus 100 (100-14,524), P = 0.01) were higher in VAKI stage ≥1 versus stage 0, respectively. Endotoxemia induced VAKI stage ≥1 in half of the dogs. Repeated measurement of selected parameters could detect AKI early.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Steblaj
- Section of Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - A P N Kutter
- Section of Anesthesiology, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Stirn
- Clinical laboratory, Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Major
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 258c, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Agripolis, Viale dell'Università, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
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2
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Rast IT, Zini E, Wolfrum C, Lutz TA, Reusch CE, Salesov E. Effect of tetra-hydroxylated bile acid on size and insulin sensitivity of subcutaneous adipocytes in healthy lean cats. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 80:106722. [PMID: 35366568 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Obesity leads to insulin resistance and is a major risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus in cats. Prevention of obesity and obesity-induced insulin resistance is difficult, and reliable long-term strategies are currently lacking. Retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (RORγ) was recently identified as an important transcription factor in the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes in mice and humans. RORγ negatively affects adipocyte differentiation through expression of its target gene matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) and promotes the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes. Preliminary studies in mice showed that RORγ can be inhibited by its ligand tetra-hydroxylated bile acid (THBA). In the present study, serum THBA levels were determined in healthy and diabetic cats. Moreover, potential side effects and the effects of THBA supplementation on adipocyte size, mRNA expression of RORγ, MMP3, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, adiponectin and leptin in feline subcutaneous adipocytes and insulin sensitivity were investigated in healthy normal weight cats. Thirteen healthy and 13 diabetic cats were used for determination of serum THBA level, and six healthy normal-weight cats were included in a feeding trial. Similar THBA levels were determined in serum of healthy and diabetic cats. Supplementation of 5 mg/kg THBA for 8 wk did not cause any negative effect on feeding behavior, general condition and blood parameters of tested cats. It significantly reduced adipocyte size and mRNA expression of MMP3, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in adipocytes, while mRNA expression of adiponectin significantly increased and mRNA expression of RORγ and leptin remained unchanged. Administration of THBA did not influence fasting blood glucose levels or the response of cats to acute insulin administration. Based on these results, THBA is palatable and is considered safe for use in cats. It reduces expression of MMP3 and promotes the development of small adipocytes with increased expression of adiponectin and reduced expression of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the effect of THBA on adipocyte size and insulin sensitivity in obese cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I T Rast
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro (PD), Italy; AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
| | - C Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - T A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C E Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Salesov
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Souza IDC, Morozesk M, Siqueira P, Zini E, Galter IN, Moraes DAD, Matsumoto ST, Wunderlin DA, Elliott M, Fernandes MN. Metallic nanoparticle contamination from environmental atmospheric particulate matter in the last slab of the trophic chain: Nanocrystallography, subcellular localization and toxicity effects. Sci Total Environ 2022; 814:152685. [PMID: 34974021 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate material (PM) from mining and steel industries comprises several metallic contaminants. PM10 samples collected in a Brazilian region with a recognized influence of the steel and iron pelletizing industries were used to investigate metallic nanoparticle incorporation into human fibroblast cells (MRC-5). MRC-5 cells were exposed to 0 (control, ultrapure water), 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μg PM10 mL-1, for 24 h. Cytotoxic and genotoxic dose-response effects were observed on lysosome and DNA structure, and concentrations high as 20 and 40 μg PM10 mL-1 induced elevated cell death. Ultrastructure analyses showed aluminosilicate, iron, and the emerging metallic contaminants titanium, bismuth, and cerium nanoparticles were incorporated into lung cells, in which the nanocrystallography analysis indicated the bismuth as Bi2O3. All internalized metallic nanoparticles were free and unbound in the cytoplasm and nucleus thereby indicating bioavailability and potential interaction to biological processes and cellular structures. Pearson's correlation analysis showed Fe, Ni, Al, Cr, Pb and Hg as the main cytotoxic elements which are associated with the stainless steel production. The presence of internalized nanoparticles in human lung cells exposed to environmental atmospheric matter highlights the need for a greater effort by regulatory agencies to understand their potential damage and hence the need for future regulation, especially of emerging metallic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iara da C Souza
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Ave. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Morozesk
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Ave. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Siqueira
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Ave. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enzo Zini
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Iasmini N Galter
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A de Moraes
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia T Matsumoto
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (DBV/UFES), Ave. Fernando Ferrari, 514, 29075-910 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Wunderlin
- ICYTAC: Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos Córdoba, CONICET and Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cdad. Universitaria, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Michael Elliott
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK; International Estuarine & Coastal Specialists Ltd., Leven HU17 5LQ, UK
| | - Marisa N Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de São Carlos (DCF/UFSCar), Ave. Washington Luiz, Km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Andreis ME, Panopoulos I, Domenech O, Lacava G, Rondelli V, Zini E, Auriemma E. Novel coronary artery anomaly in a French bulldog with pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Cardiol 2021; 35:1-7. [PMID: 33789180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A 9-month-old French Bulldog with pulmonary stenosis (PS) underwent transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and electrocardiogram-gated coronary computed tomography angiography (ECG-CCTA) for presurgical planning of pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty (PBV). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe PS and identified two distinct coronary ostia (left and right). Electrocardiogram-gated coronary computed tomography angiography showed a circumpulmonary course of the interventricular paraconal coronary artery, which abnormally originated from the right coronary artery. Based on this case report, the echocardiographic identification of two coronary ostia does not rule out a coronary artery anomaly with circumpulmonary course (as previously hypothesized), and coronary computed tomography angiography may be recommended for presurgical planning of PBV in French Bulldogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Andreis
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy
| | - I Panopoulos
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy
| | - G Lacava
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy
| | - V Rondelli
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - E Auriemma
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, 28060, Italy.
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5
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Bondioni MP, Casati L, Salvi AG, Minini A, Zini E, Pazzaglia UE. Normal and five-fingered hand: comparative X-ray morphometry in the post-natal age. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:403-409. [PMID: 32644183 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five-fingered hand (5-FH) with completely developed phalanges is a rare phenotype observed so far only in humans and characterised by three phalanges of the 1st ray. A long-lasting, debated question is if the missing element of the normal hand 1st ray is the metacarpal or the phalanx. In this study, comparative X-rays morphometry of long bones in normal and 5-FH is carried out with the aim to face this question through homology analysis of long bone segments in the transverse and longitudinal line of normal hand and 5-FH. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the normal hand X-rays (n =20) and in a 5-FH X-rays series (n = 9) the relative length of each segment on the ray total length and the index of growth rate (IGR) were assessed. The calculation of the first parameter in normal hand bi-phalangeal thumb was carried out on the 3rd ray total length in the same hand. RESULTS The parameters of relative length and the proximal/distal growth rate asymmetry in the post-natal period (assessed through the IGR) confirmed in 5-FH the homology of all the five segment on the transverse line. In the normal control hand, the relative length assessment methodology was biased by the missing segment of the thumb, therefore, the reference to the 3rd ray total length in the same hand (instead of the 1st), allowed the homology analysis of the thumb metacarpal and 1st phalanx with the lateral segments (2nd-5th ray) of the same hand. The 5-FH analysis was used to choose the more appropriate reference ray for the normal hand group. CONCLUSIONS The comparative analysis of relative lengths and IGRs in the two groups suggested homology of the (anatomical) 1st metacarpal with the 2nd-5th proximal phalanges in the same hand and that of the (anatomical) 1st proximal phalanx with the 2nd-5th mid phalanges. These data suggest that the missing segment of the normal hand thumb is the metacarpal.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Bondioni
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - L Casati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milano, Italy
| | - A G Salvi
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - A Minini
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Department of Radiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - U E Pazzaglia
- Orthopaedic Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy
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6
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Morabito S, Specchi S, Auriemma E, Ferro S, Kuhnert P, Zini E. Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms caused by systemic mycosis in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:300-307. [PMID: 32092792 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe multidetector CT and ultrasonographic characteristics of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms (segmental dilatations of an artery with a ruptured tunica intima) arising secondary to systemic mycosis in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study on dogs with confirmed histological diagnosis of a fungal pseudoaneurysm and the availability of multidetector CT or ultrasound images. RESULTS At the time of admission, the three dogs included in this study demonstrated segmental arterial dilation, irregular arterial wall thickening, and increased echogenicity or attenuation within the local perivascular fat on ultrasound and multidetector CT images. Follow-up examinations revealed progressive increase in arterial wall thickening and saccular dilation with formation of a pseudoaneurysm in affected vessels of two dogs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Multidetector CT and ultrasonography can be useful imaging modalities in the diagnosis and monitoring of abdominal arterial pseudoaneurysms caused by systemic mycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Morabito
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - S Specchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - E Auriemma
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - S Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - P Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro (PD), Italy.,Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Vezzosi T, Domenech O, Iacona M, Marchesotti F, Zini E, Venco L, Tognetti R. Echocardiographic Evaluation of the Right Atrial Area Index in Dogs with Pulmonary Hypertension. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:42-47. [PMID: 29377361 PMCID: PMC5787176 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Right atrial area (RAA) is a prognostic factor in human patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Reference intervals for RAA have been described in healthy dogs. Objectives To evaluate RAA indexed to the body surface area in dogs with PAH as an indicator of right atrial size, PAH severity and right‐sided congestive heart failure (R‐CHF). Animals A total of 119 client‐owned dogs, 48 dogs with PAH and 71 control dogs. Methods Prospective observational study. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was classified according to the tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG) as mild (36–50 mmHg), moderate (51–75 mmHg), or severe (>75 mmHg). The RAA index was calculated as the RAA divided by body surface area. Results The RAA index was higher in dogs with moderate PAH (13.3 cm2/m2; range, 3.4–24.7 cm2/m2) and severe PAH (12.1 cm2/m2; range, 5.4–21.8 cm2/m2) than in those with mild PAH (6.7 cm2/m2; range, 4.8–10.7 cm2/m2) or in controls (7.3 cm2/m2; range, 4.2–10.2 cm2/m2; P < 0.001). The RAA index was higher (P < 0.0001) in dogs with R‐CHF (17.5 cm2/m2; range, 12.7–24.7 cm2/m2) compared to those without R‐CHF (7.6 cm2/m2; range, 4.4–19.4 cm2/m2). The most accurate cutoff value of the RAA index to identify R‐CHF was >12.3 cm2/m2 (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 89.5%). In dogs with PAH, severity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was the only independent predictor of RAA index based on multivariate analysis (P < 0.02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The RAA index can be used to evaluate right atrial size in dogs and may be more effective than TRPG in predicting R‐CHF in dogs with PAH. The severity of TR is the main determinant of the RAA index in dogs with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - M Iacona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - E Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy.,Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L Venco
- Clinica Veterinaria Lago Maggiore, Novara, Italy
| | - R Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Aresu L, Martini V, Benali SL, Brovida C, Cianciolo RE, Dalla Riva R, Trez D, Van Der Lugt JJ, Van Dongen A, Zini E. European Veterinary Renal Pathology Service: A Survey Over a 7-Year Period (2008-2015). J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:1459-1468. [PMID: 28763127 PMCID: PMC5598877 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The European Veterinary Renal Pathology Service (EVRPS) is the first Web‐based registry for canine renal biopsy specimens in Europe. Hypothesis/Objectives The aim was to verify whether differences exist between the clinical and laboratory presentation of dogs with nephropathy according to renal pathological findings, as defined by light and electron microscopy of renal biopsy specimens submitted to EVRPS. Animals Renal biopsy specimens of dogs were collected from the archive of the service (n = 254). Cases were included if both light and electron microscopy were available (n = 162). Methods Renal biopsy specimens were classified based on the morphological diagnoses. Thereafter, they were grouped into 3 disease categories, including immune‐complex‐mediated glomerulonephritis (ICGN), non‐immune‐complex‐mediated GN (non‐ICGN), and renal lesions not otherwise specified (RL‐NOS). Differences among morphological diagnoses and among disease categories were investigated for clinical and laboratory variables. Results Serum albumin concentration was lower in dogs with ICGN than in those with non‐ICGN (P = 0.006) or RL‐NOS (P = 0.000), and the urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) was significantly higher in ICGN than in the other 2 disease categories. Regarding morphological diagnoses, albumin was significantly lower in amyloidosis (AMY) and membranous (MGN), membranoproliferative (MPGN) or mixed glomerulonephritis (MixGN) than in minimal change disease, primary (FSGS I) or secondary (FSGS II) focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis and juvenile nephropathies (JN). The UPC was higher in MPGN than in FSGS I and FSGS II. Conclusions and clinical importance Dogs with ICGN, in particular MPGN, had higher protein loss than those with non‐ICGN or RL‐NOS, leading to more severe hypoalbuminemia. Clinical and laboratory differentiation among dogs with the different morphological diagnoses and among dogs with different disease categories was difficult due to overlapping results.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - V Martini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - S L Benali
- La Vallonea Laboratory, Alessano, Le, Italy
| | - C Brovida
- Ospedale Veterinario ANUBI Strada Genova, Moncalieri, Italy
| | - R E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - R Dalla Riva
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - D Trez
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Agripolis Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | | | - A Van Dongen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,and Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
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9
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Vezzosi T, Mannucci T, Pistoresi A, Toma F, Tognetti R, Zini E, Domenech O, Auriemma E, Citi S. Assessment of Lung Ultrasound B-Lines in Dogs with Different Stages of Chronic Valvular Heart Disease. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 31:700-704. [PMID: 28370336 PMCID: PMC5435052 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In dogs with chronic valvular heart disease (CVHD), early recognition of pulmonary edema (PE) is of paramount importance. Recent studies in dogs showed that lung ultrasound examination (LUS) is a useful technique to diagnose cardiogenic PE. Objectives To describe LUS features in dogs with different stages of CVHD, and to determine its diagnostic accuracy in detecting PE using thoracic radiography as the reference standard. Animals Sixty‐three dogs with CVHD. Methods Prospective, multicenter, cross‐sectional study. Each dog underwent physical examination, echocardiography, thoracic radiography, and LUS. The LUS findings were classified as absent, rare, numerous, or confluent B‐lines. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of LUS B‐lines to identify PE were calculated using thoracic radiography as the reference standard. Results Dogs in stage B1 had absent or rare B‐lines in 14 of 15 cases (93.3%). Dogs in stage B2 had absent or rare B‐lines in 16 of 18 cases (88.9%). All dogs in stage C, without radiographic signs of PE, had absent or rare B‐lines. Dogs in stage C, with radiographic signs of PE, had numerous or confluent B‐lines in 18 of 20 cases (90%). Lung ultrasound examination detected PE with a sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 93%, and with positive and negative predictive values of 85.7 and 95.2%, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Lung ultrasound examination showed good diagnostic accuracy to identify cardiogenic PE and might be helpful in staging dogs with CVHD. Lung ultrasound examination should be considered as a new, noninvasive diagnostic tool for clinicians managing CVHD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vezzosi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Mannucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Pistoresi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - F Toma
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - R Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy.,Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - O Domenech
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - E Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - S Citi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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10
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Zatelli A, Roura X, D'Ippolito P, Berlanda M, Zini E. The effect of renal diet in association with enalapril or benazepril on proteinuria in dogs with proteinuric chronic kidney disease. Open Vet J 2016; 6:121-7. [PMID: 27540513 PMCID: PMC4980477 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i2.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treating proteinuria in dogs reduces the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD); renal diets and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors are cornerstones of treatment. Whether different ACE-inhibitors have distinct kidney protective effects is unknown; it is therefore hypothesized that renal diets and enalapril or benazepril have different beneficial effects in proteinuric CKD dogs. Forty-four dogs with proteinuric CKD (IRIS stages 1-4) were enrolled in the study and were fed renal diet for 30 days. Thereafter, they were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Dogs in group A (n=22) received enalapril (0.5 mg/kg, q12h) and in group B (n=22) benazepril (0.5 mg/kg, q24h); in both groups, dogs were fed the same renal diet. After randomization, dogs were monitored for 120 days. Body weight and body condition score (BCS), serum concentrations of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), albumin and total proteins, and urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio were compared at different time-points. After 30 days of renal diet, creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio decreased significantly (p<0.0001). Compared to randomization, body weight, BCS, albumin, total proteins, creatinine and BUN did not vary during follow-up in the 44 dogs and differences between group A and B were not observed. However, the UPC ratio of group A at day 60, 90 and 150 was significantly lower than in group B and compared to randomization (p<0.05). In group B it did not vary overtime. It is concluded that the renal diet is beneficial to decrease creatinine, BUN and UPC ratio in proteinuric CKD dogs. Enalapril further ameliorates proteinuria if administered along with renal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zatelli
- Medical Consultancy Services, G. Calì Street 60, TBX1424 TàXbiex, Malta
| | - X Roura
- Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - P D'Ippolito
- Medical Consultancy Services, G. Calì Street 60, TBX1424 TàXbiex, Malta
| | - M Berlanda
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), University of Padova, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), University of Padova, Italy; Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy
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11
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Abstract
Splenitis is uncommonly reported in dogs. Herein, the authors describe its prevalence, clinical findings and outcomes, histologic patterns, and causes. Splenic samples of dogs diagnosed with splenitis between 2005 and 2013 were collected and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Gram, green-Gram, Giemsa, periodic acid–Schiff, and Ziehl-Neelsen. Samples were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect bacteria, fungi, and protozoa ( Leishmania infantum, Hepatozoon canis). Thirty-three of 660 splenic samples (5%) had splenitis. Clinical findings and outcomes were available in 19 dogs (58%); 49% had weakness, 33% had fever, and 84% survived. The most frequent inflammatory patterns included purulent splenitis (27%), pyogranulomatous splenitis (24%), and neutrophilic perisplenitis (15%). One dog had a putative diagnosis of primary splenitis; in 8 dogs, microorganisms were identified histologically or by PCR in the spleen without obvious comorbidities. Twenty-four dogs (73%) had concurrent diseases; a permissive role in the development of splenitis was suspected in 21 of these cases. Histologic examination identified the cause of splenitis in 10 dogs. Bacteria were identified by PCR in 23 cases, but the bacteria were confirmed histologically in only 6 of these. Leishmania was detected with PCR in 6 dogs. Leishmania was identified in 1 dog and H. canis in another histologically, but both were PCR negative. Fungi were identified in 8 spleens by PCR and in 1 by histology. This study suggests that splenitis is uncommon in dogs and is frequently associated with systemic diseases. Prognosis is favorable in most cases. Identification of bacteria, fungi, and protozoa in the spleens of affected dogs with PCR should be interpreted cautiously, because the findings are not confirmed histologically in many cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Ferri
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - E. Zini
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E. Auriemma
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - M. Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - L. M. Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - A. Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - V. Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - N. Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - P. Kuhnert
- Institute Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S. Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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12
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Giancola F, Fracassi F, Gallucci A, Sadeghinezhad J, Polidoro G, Zini E, Asti M, Chiocchetti R. Quantification of nitrergic neurons in the myenteric plexus of gastric antrum and ileum of healthy and diabetic dogs. Auton Neurosci 2016; 197:25-33. [PMID: 27189100 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) determines a wide array of severe clinical complications including gastrointestinal motility disorders. The present study investigates the effects of spontaneous DM on the intramural innervation and in particular on nitrergic neurons of the myenteric plexus (MP) of the canine gastric antrum and ileum. Specimens of antrum and ileum from eight control-dogs and five insulin-dependent DM-dogs were collected. MP neurons were immunohistochemically identified with the anti-HuC/HuD antibody, while nitrergic neurons were identified with the antibody anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). The density of HuC/HuD-immunoreactive (IR) neurons was determined and the nitrergic neurons were quantified as a relative percentage, in consideration of the total number of HuC/HuD-IR neurons. Furthermore, the density of nitrergic fibers in the muscular layers was calculated. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation. Compared to control-dogs, no significant differences resulted in the density of HuC/HuD-IR neurons in the antrum and ileum of DM-dogs; however, HuC/HuD-immunolabeling showed nuclear localization and fragmentation in DM-dogs. In the stomachs of control- and DM-dogs, the percentages of nitrergic neurons were 30±6% and 25±2%, respectively (P=0.112). In the ileum of the control-dogs, the percentage of nitrergic neurons was 29±5%, while in the DM-dogs, it was significantly reduced 19±5% (P=0.006). The density of nNOS-IR nervous fibers was meaningful reduced in either the tracts considered. Notably, the ganglia of DM-dogs showed also a thickening of the periganglionic connective tissue. These findings indicate that DM in dogs induce modification of the myenteric neurons and, in particular, of the nitrergic neuronal subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Giancola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - F Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - A Gallucci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - J Sadeghinezhad
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - G Polidoro
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - M Asti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy
| | - R Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (UNI EN ISO 9001:2008), University of Bologna, Italy.
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13
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Oppliger S, Hilbe M, Hartnack S, Zini E, Reusch CE, Kook PH. Comparison of Serum Spec fPL(™) and 1,2-o-Dilauryl-Rac-Glycero-3-Glutaric Acid-(6'-Methylresorufin) Ester Assay in 60 Cats Using Standardized Assessment of Pancreatic Histology. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:764-70. [PMID: 26968865 PMCID: PMC4913568 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Feline pancreas-specific lipase (Spec fPL) is considered a useful test for the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in cats. A recent study found good agreement between the results of the Spec fPL and catalytic 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase assay. Prospective studies evaluating their sensitivity and specificity are lacking. OBJECTIVES To compare the results of the Spec fPL and the DGGR assays with a standardized histologic assessment of the pancreas. ANIMALS Sixty client-owned cats presented for necropsy. METHODS PROSPECTIVE STUDY Spec fPL concentrations and serum DGGR lipase activity were measured from the same blood sample. The pancreas was removed within 3 hours after euthanasia; serial transverse sections were made every 0.5 cm throughout the entire pancreas and reviewed using a histologic grading scheme. Sensitivity and specificity for the Spec fPL and DGGR assay results were determined. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity for the Spec fPL assay (cutoff value ≥5.4 μg/L) was 42.1 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 29.4-55.9%] and 100% (95% CI, 31.0-100.0%). The sensitivity and specificity for the DGGR assay (cutoff value >26 U/L) was 36.8 (95% CI, 24.7-50.7%) and 100% (95% CI, 31.0-100.0%). When lymphocytic inflammation up to 10% of a section was considered normal, the sensitivity and specificity for Spec fPL assay (cutoff value ≥5.4 μg/L) was 61.1 (95% CI, 36.1-81.7%) and 69.0% (95% CI, 52.8-81.9%) and the sensitivity and specificity for the DGGR assay (cutoff value >26 U/L) was 66.7 (95% CI, 41.2-85.6%) and 78.6% (95% CI, 62.8-89.2%). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Both lipase assays performed similarly well, but their agreement with histologic pancreatic inflammation was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oppliger
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Hilbe
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
| | - C E Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P H Kook
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Riederer A, Zini E, Salesov E, Fracassi F, Padrutt I, Macha K, Stöckle TM, Lutz TA, Reusch CE. Effect of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Analogue Exenatide Extended Release in Cats with Newly Diagnosed Diabetes Mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 30:92-100. [PMID: 26700409 PMCID: PMC4913624 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exenatide extended release (ER) is a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 analogue that increases insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon secretion and induces satiation in humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The use of exenatide ER is safe and stimulates insulin secretion in healthy cats. Objectives The objective of this study is to assess the safety of exenatide ER and its effect on body weight, remission and metabolic control in newly diagnosed diabetic cats receiving insulin and a low‐carbohydrate diet. Animals Thirty client‐owned cats. Methods Prospective placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Cats were treated with exenatide ER or 0.9% saline, administered SC, once weekly. Both groups received insulin glargine and a low‐carbohydrate diet. Exenatide ER was administered for 16 weeks, or in cats that achieved remission it was given for 4 weeks after discontinuing insulin treatment. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results Cats in the exenatide ER and placebo groups had transient adverse signs including decreased appetite (60% vs. 20%, respectively, P = .06) and vomiting (53% vs. 40%, respectively, P = .715). Body weight increased significantly in the placebo group (P = .002), but not in cats receiving exenatide ER. Cats on exenatide ER achieved remission or good metabolic control in 40% or 89%, respectively, whereas in control cats percentages were 20% or 58% (P = .427 and P = .178, respectively). Conclusion and clinical importance Exenatide ER is safe in diabetic cats and does not result in weight gain. Our pilot study suggests that, should there be an additional clinically relevant beneficial effect of exenatide ER in insulin‐treated cats on rate of remission and good metabolic control, it would likely approximate 20% and 30%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Riederer
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Healthy, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy.,The Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - E Salesov
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - I Padrutt
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K Macha
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T M Stöckle
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - T A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C E Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Zini E, Hafner M, Kook P, Lutz TA, Ohlerth S, Reusch CE. Longitudinal evaluation of serum pancreatic enzymes and ultrasonographic findings in diabetic cats without clinically relevant pancreatitis at diagnosis. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:589-96. [PMID: 25818213 PMCID: PMC4895493 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cats with diabetes mellitus can have subclinical pancreatitis but prospective studies to confirm this are lacking. Metabolic control of diabetic cats with pancreatitis is difficult. Hypothesis Subclinical pancreatitis occurs in diabetic cats at the time diabetes is diagnosed or might develop during the follow‐up period, hampering diabetic remission. Animals Thirty cats with newly diagnosed diabetes without clinical signs of pancreatitis on admission. Methods Prospective study. On admission and 2 and 6 months later, serum Spec fPL and DGGR‐lipase were measured and the pancreas underwent ultrasonographic examination. Pancreatitis was suspected if serum markers were increased or ≥2 ultrasonographic abnormalities were detected. Cats were treated with insulin glargine and diabetic remission was defined as euglycemia ≥4 weeks after discontinuation of insulin. Nonparametric statistical tests were used for analysis. Results Subclinical pancreatitis at the time of diagnosis was suspected in 33, 50, and 31% of cats based on Spec fPL, DGGR‐lipase and ultrasonography, respectively; and in 60% when diagnostic criteria were combined. During the follow‐up period, suspected pancreatitis developed in additional 17–30% cats. Only 1 cat had transient clinical signs compatible with pancreatitis. Seventeen of the 30 cats (57%) achieved remission. Frequency of abnormal Spec fPL and DGGR‐lipase and abnormal ultrasonographic findings did not differ in cats achieving remission and those who did not. Cats achieving remission had significantly lower Spec fPL at 2 months (P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Based on laboratory and ultrasonographic measurements, many cats with diabetes might have pancreatitis, although without clinical signs. Cats with high Spec fPL might have a reduced chance of diabetic remission; however, this topic needs further studies in large cohorts of diabetic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, PD, Italy; Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, NO, Italy
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16
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Giancola F, Fracassi F, Gallucci A, Sadeghinezhad J, Zini E, Asti M, Chiocchetti R. Modification of the enteric nervous system in diabetic dogs: An immunohistochemical study. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Zini E, Ferro S, Lunardi F, Zanetti R, Heller RS, Coppola LM, Guscetti F, Osto M, Lutz TA, Cavicchioli L, Reusch CE. Exocrine Pancreas in Cats With Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:145-52. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815603434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis has been described in cats with diabetes mellitus, although the number of studies currently available is very limited. In addition, ketoacidosis has been hypothesized to be associated with pancreatitis in diabetic cats. The aims of the present study were to investigate whether diabetic cats have pancreatitis and to determine if pancreatitis is more frequent with ketoacidosis. Samples of pancreas were collected postmortem from 37 diabetic cats, including 15 with ketoacidosis, and 20 control cats matched for age, sex, breed, and body weight. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, double-labeled for insulin/CD3, insulin/CD20, insulin/myeloperoxidase, insulin/PCNA, and glucagon/Ki67, and single-labeled for Iba1. A previously proposed semiquantitative score was used to characterize pancreatitis, along with counts of inflammatory cells. Scores of pancreatitis and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes in the exocrine pancreas did not differ between diabetic and control cats or between diabetic cats with and without ketoacidosis. Of note, PCNA-positive acinar cells were increased ( P = .002) in diabetic cats, particularly near islets ( P < .001). Ki67-positive acinar cells were increased only near islets ( P = .038). Ketoacidosis was not linked to proliferation. The results suggest that histopathologic evidence of pancreatitis may not be more frequent in diabetic cats and that ketoacidosis may not be associated with it at the time of death. Augmented PCNA-positive acinar cells might indicate increased proliferation due to chronic pancreatitis. The reason behind the prevalent proliferation of acinar cells surrounding pancreatic islets deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production, and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - S. Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F. Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R. Zanetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - R. S. Heller
- Department of Histology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - L. M. Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production, and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F. Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Osto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - C. E. Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Zini E, Lunardi F, Zanetti R, Heller RS, Coppola LM, Ferro S, Guscetti F, Osto M, Lutz TA, Reusch CE, Cavicchioli L. Endocrine Pancreas in Cats With Diabetes Mellitus. Vet Pathol 2015; 53:136-44. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815591078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic amyloidosis and loss of α and β cells have been shown to occur in cats with diabetes mellitus, although the number of studies currently available is very limited. Furthermore, it is not known whether pancreatic islet inflammation is a common feature. The aims of the present study were to characterize islet lesions and to investigate whether diabetic cats have inflammation of the pancreatic islets. Samples of pancreas were collected postmortem from 37 diabetic and 20 control cats matched for age, sex, breed, and body weight. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red; double labeled for insulin/CD3, insulin/CD20, insulin/myeloperoxidase, insulin/proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and glucagon/Ki67; and single labeled for amylin and Iba1. Mean insulin-positive cross-sectional area was approximately 65% lower in diabetic than control cats ( P = .009), while that of amylin and glucagon was similar. Surprisingly, amyloid deposition was similar between groups ( P = .408). Proliferation of insulin- and glucagon-positive cells and the number of neutrophils, macrophages, and T (CD3) and B (CD20) lymphocytes in the islets did not differ. The presence of T and B lymphocytes combined tended to be more frequent in diabetic cats ( n = 8 of 37; 21.6%) than control cats ( n = 1 of 20; 5.0%). The results confirm previous observations that loss of β cells but not α cells occurs in diabetic cats. Islet amyloidosis was present in diabetic cats but was not greater than in controls. A subset of diabetic cats had lymphocytic infiltration of the islets, which might be associated with β-cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production, and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Italy
| | - F. Lunardi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R. Zanetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - R. S. Heller
- Department of Histology and Imaging, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - L. M. Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production, and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - S. Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - F. Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Osto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. E. Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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19
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Finotello R, Stefanello D, Zini E, Marconato L. Comparison of doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide with doxorubicin-dacarbazine for the adjuvant treatment of canine hemangiosarcoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2015; 15:25-35. [PMID: 25623994 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a neoplasm of vascular endothelial origin that has an aggressive biological behaviour, with less than 10% of dogs alive at 12-months postdiagnosis. Treatment of choice consists of surgery followed by adjuvant doxorubicin-based chemotherapy. We prospectively compared adjuvant doxorubicin and dacarbazine (ADTIC) to a traditional doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) treatment, aiming at determining safety and assessing whether this regimen prolongs survival and time to metastasis (TTM). Twenty-seven dogs were enrolled; following staging work-up, 18 were treated with AC and 9 with ADTIC. Median TTM and survival time were longer for dogs treated with ADTIC compared with those receiving AC (>550 versus 112 days, P = 0.021 and >550 versus 142 days, P = 0.011, respectively). Both protocols were well tolerated, without need for dose reduction or increased interval between treatments. A protocol consisting of combined doxorubicin and dacarbazine is safe in dogs with HSA and prolongs TTM and survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Finotello
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Small Animal Teaching Hospital, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D Stefanello
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo con Monticello, Novara, Italy
| | - L Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Bologna, Italy
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Padrutt I, Lutz TA, Reusch CE, Zini E. Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues exenatide, exenatide extended-release, and of the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin on glucose metabolism in healthy cats. Res Vet Sci 2015; 99:23-9. [PMID: 25648286 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Incretin analogues and inhibitors of the breakdown of endogenous incretins are antidiabetic drugs that increase β-cell proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in rodents and humans. Objectives were to test whether exenatide, exenatide extended-release, and sitagliptin can be safely used in cats, to identify the most effective drug, and to test the effects of prolonged exenatide extended-release administration. Three cats each were given exenatide (0.2-2 µg/kg, q12h, subcutaneously, 5 days), exenatide extended-release (40-400 µg/kg, subcutaneously, once), and sitagliptin (1-10 mg/kg, q24h, orally, 5 days). Before and after treatment, glucose, insulin and glucagon areas under the curve (AUC) were assessed by meal response tests (MRT). Exenatide increased insulin AUC by 224%, 258%, 331% and 93%, exenatide extended-release by 127%, 169%, 178% and 95%, and sitagliptin by 32%, 69%, 62%, and 43%, respectively. The tested drugs are safe to use in cats and enhance insulin secretion. Incretin-based therapy may be beneficial in cats with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Padrutt
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C E Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, viale dell'Università 16, 35020 Legnaro (PD), Italy; Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Strada Provinciale 9, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello (NO), Italy.
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Forlani A, Zanna G, Tecilla M, Zini E, Roccabianca P. Concomitant Cutaneous Neosporosis and Toxoplasmosis in a Golden Retriever. J Comp Pathol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hafner M, Dietiker-Moretti S, Kaufmann K, Mueller C, Lutz TA, Reusch CE, Zini E. Intensive intravenous infusion of insulin in diabetic cats. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:1753-9. [PMID: 25312554 PMCID: PMC4895636 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remission occurs in 10–50% of cats with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is assumed that intensive treatment improves β‐cell function and increases remission rates. Hypothesis Initial intravenous infusion of insulin that achieves tight glycemic control decreases subsequent insulin requirements and increases remission rate in diabetic cats. Animals Thirty cats with newly diagnosed DM. Methods Prospective study. Cats were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. Cats in group 1 (n = 15) received intravenous infusion of insulin with the goal of maintaining blood glucose concentrations at 90–180 mg/dL, for 6 days. Cats in group 2 (n = 15) received subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine (cats ≤4 kg: 0.5–1.0 IU, q12h; >4 kg 1.5–2.0 IU, q12h), for 6 days. Thereafter, all cats were treated with subcutaneous injections of insulin glargine and followed up for 6 months. Cats were considered in remission when euglycemia occurred for ≥4 weeks without the administration of insulin. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. Results In groups 1 and 2, remission was achieved in 10/15 and in 7/14 cats (P = .46), and good metabolic control was achieved in 3/5 and in 1/7 cats (P = .22), respectively. Overall, good metabolic control or remission occurred in 13/15 cats of group 1 and in 8/14 cats of group 2. In group 1, the median insulin dosage given during the 6‐month follow‐up was significantly lower than in group 2 (group 1: 0.32 IU/kg/day, group 2: 0.51 IU/kg/day; P = .013). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Initial intravenous infusion of insulin for tight glycemic control in cats with DM decreases insulin requirements during the subsequent 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hafner
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Callegari C, Palermo G, Greco M, Corrente M, Piseddu E, Auriemma E, Zini E. Pneumonia associated with Salmonella spp. infection in a cat receiving cyclosporine. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2014; 156:499-503. [DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Abstract
In humans, diabetes mellitus (DM) is an important cause of renal damage, with glomerular lesions being predominant. In cats, although diabetes is a common endocrinopathy, it is yet unknown whether it leads to renal damage. The aim of the study was to compare renal histologic features and parameters of renal function in diabetic cats against a control population matched for age, gender, breed, and body weight. Thirty-two diabetic and 20 control cats were included. Kidney sections from paraffin-embedded kidney samples were stained and examined with optical microscopy to identify glomerular, tubulointerstitial, and vascular lesions and to assess their frequency and severity. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations were also compared. Glomerular lesions were observed in 29 cats overall, with mesangial matrix increase being more common (19 cats). Tubulointerstitial lesions were observed in 42 cats, including lymphocytic infiltration (29), fibrosis (22), or tubular necrosis (21). Vascular lesions were observed in 5 cases. The frequency and severity of histologic lesions did not differ between diabetic and control cats; however, among diabetics, those that survived longer after diagnosis had more glomerular and vascular lesions. Serum creatinine and urea concentrations were similar between groups; in diabetic cats median creatinine was 109 μmol/l (range, 51–1200) and urea was 12 mmol/l (range, 4–63), and in controls creatinine was 126 μmol/l (range, 50–875) and urea 11 mmol/l (range, 3–80). The results suggest that DM in cats does not lead to microscopically detectable kidney lesions or clinically relevant renal dysfunction. The authors hypothesize that the short life expectancy of diabetic cats may be the main reason for the difference from human diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Novara, Italy
| | - S. Benali
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - L. Coppola
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F. Guscetti
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Ackermann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. E. Reusch
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L. Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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25
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Galgano M, Spalla I, Callegari C, Patruno M, Auriemma E, Zanna G, Ferro S, Zini E. Primary hypothyroidism and thyroid goiter in an adult cat. J Vet Intern Med 2014; 28:682-6. [PMID: 24417675 PMCID: PMC4857985 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Galgano
- Istituto Veterinario di Novara, Granozzo Con Monticello, Italy
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrinopathy in humans and in cats. The general prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and in particular of type 2 diabetes, has risen dramatically in recent years. This increase has often been linked to the rise in the obesity pandemic because obesity and the ensuing metabolic consequences constitute major risk factors for human type 2 and for feline diabetes. Feline diabetes shares many features of human type 2 diabetes in respect to its pathophysiology, underlying risk factors and treatment strategies. This review will briefly summarize major characteristics in the human and the feline disease and where available, point out the current knowledge on similarities and differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osto
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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27
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Häring T, Haase B, Zini E, Hartnack S, Uebelhart D, Gaudenz D, Wichert BA. Overweight and impaired insulin sensitivity present in growing cats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2012; 97:813-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2012.01322.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Saieva C, Rubio CA, Nesi G, Zini E, Filomena A. Classification of gastritis in first-degree relatives of patients with gastric cancer in a high cancer-risk area in Italy. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:1711-1716. [PMID: 22593450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening gastroscopic examinations were performed in a cohort of individuals at high risk for developing gastric carcinoma (GC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Five gastric biopsies were obtained following the Houston schema. Five histological parameters of gastritis were investigated: acute gastritis, chronic gastritis, and its sequelae; mucosal atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and pseudopyloric metaplasia. RESULTS Out of 134 patients, 50% (n=67) had Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. The sum of scores for the first four parameters was significantly higher in HP-positive cases than in HP-negative ones (p<0.0001). The frequency of these histological parameters was similar to other series from Northern and Central Italy. Hence, none of the histological parameters of gastritis explain the high GC risk in this borough of Florence, considering that the incidence rate of GC is higher in Central than in Northern Italy. CONCLUSION Similarities in the frequency of chronic gastritis and sequelae in Northern and Central Italy substantiate the conviction that the difference in GC risk in these regions might be the result of local environmental or lifestyle factors, rather than HP infection. This knowledge is crucial, considering that environmentally related diseases are theoretically preventable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calogero Saieva
- Department of Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy
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29
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Filomena A, Saieva C, Lucchetti V, Santacroce F, Falorni P, Francini V, Carrieri P, Zini E, Ridolfi B, Belli P, Orsini B, Mandi P, Palli D, Scheggi S. Gastric cancer surveillance in a high-risk population in tuscany (Central Italy): preliminary results. Digestion 2011; 84:70-7. [PMID: 21494036 DOI: 10.1159/000322689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 11/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The surveillance of subjects at high risk for developing gastric cancer (GC) may represent an effective strategy for reducing specific morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify GC at its initial phase and to identify precancerous lesions in a group of GC high-risk subjects. METHODS We enrolled first-degree relatives of patients affected by GC who resided in a GC high-risk area (Tuscany, Central Italy). The study's protocol included the collection of several individual measurements, including a blood sample for the determination of specific biomarkers, an upper digestive tract endoscopy with detailed gastric biopsies and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) treatment followed by a specific check. RESULTS We enrolled 167 subjects who were members of 128 different familial groups with GC history. We identified 1 case of initial-phase GC, 1 gastric dysplasia type II, 32 intestinal metaplasia, 10 gastric atrophy, and 21 atrophic chronic gastritis. 81 subjects were Hp-positive and underwent eradication therapy. CONCLUSION This study of a GC high-risk Italian population reveals positive results in terms of population compliance, the identification of specific gastric lesions requiring close follow-up and successful therapy for Hp infection. To define future surveillance strategies, a longer follow-up of these patients is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Filomena
- Department of General Surgery, Mugello New Hospital, ASL10, Borgo San Lorenzo, Italy. alessandro.filomena @ asf.toscana.it
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Reusch CE, Hafner M, Tschuor F, Lutz TA, Zini E. [Diabetes remission in cats: a review]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2011; 153:495-500. [PMID: 22045453 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281/a000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Remission from diabetes is seen in 25 - 50 % of cats during the first months of therapy. The likelihood of remission is higher in old cats and cats with normal cholesterol than in young cats and cats with increased cholesterol. The results of an ongoing study indicate that initial intravenous insulin therapy has positive effects on remission rates and quality of metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Reusch
- Klinik für Kleintiermedizin, Universität Zürich.
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31
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Dietiker-Moretti S, Müller C, Sieber-Ruckstuhl N, Tschuor F, Osto M, Franchini M, Ackermann M, Lutz T, Reusch C, Zini E. Comparison of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring System with a Portable Blood Glucose Meter to Determine Insulin Dose in Cats with Diabetes Mellitus. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1084-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00778.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dietiker-Moretti
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Dietiker-Moretti, Müller, Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Tschuor, Reusch, Zini)
| | - C. Müller
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Dietiker-Moretti, Müller, Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Tschuor, Reusch, Zini)
| | - N. Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Dietiker-Moretti, Müller, Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Tschuor, Reusch, Zini)
| | - F. Tschuor
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Dietiker-Moretti, Müller, Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Tschuor, Reusch, Zini)
| | - M. Osto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Osto, Lutz)
| | - M. Franchini
- Institute of Virology; Vetsuisse Faculty (Franchini, Ackermann); University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - M. Ackermann
- Institute of Virology; Vetsuisse Faculty (Franchini, Ackermann); University of Zurich; Zurich; Switzerland
| | - T.A. Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Osto, Lutz)
| | - C.E. Reusch
- From the Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine; Vetsuisse Faculty; (Dietiker-Moretti, Müller, Sieber-Ruckstuhl, Tschuor, Reusch, Zini)
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Cai T, Nesi G, Tinacci G, Giubilei G, Gavazzi A, Mondaini N, Zini E, Bartoletti R. Clinical Importance of Lymph Node Density in Predicting Outcome of Prostate Cancer Patients. J Surg Res 2011; 167:267-72. [PMID: 19783007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Osto M, Zini E, Franchini M, Wolfrum C, Guscetti F, Hafner M, Ackermann M, Reusch CE, Lutz TA. Subacute endotoxemia induces adipose inflammation and changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in cats. Endocrinology 2011; 152:804-15. [PMID: 21266508 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in humans is associated with transient insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia. Chronic low-grade inflammation is a pathogenic component of IR and adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. Because feline diabetes closely resembles human type 2 diabetes, we studied whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced subacute inflammation, in the absence of obesity, is the potential primary cause of IR and metabolic disorders. Cats received increasing iv doses (10-1000 ng/kg(-1) · h(-1)) of LPS (n = 5) or saline (n = 5) for 10 d. Body temperature, proinflammatory and metabolic markers, and insulin sensitivity were measured daily. Tissue mRNA and protein expression were quantified on d 10. LPS infusion increased circulating and tissue markers of inflammation. Based on the homeostasis model assessment, endotoxemia induced transient IR and β-cell dysfunction. At the whole-body level, IR reverted after the 10-d treatment; however, tissue-specific indications of IR were observed, such as down-regulation of adipose glucose transporter 4, hepatic peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ1 and -2, and muscle insulin receptor substrate-1. In adipose tissue, increased hormone-sensitive lipase activity led to reduced adipocyte size, concomitant with increased plasma and hepatic triglyceride content and decreased total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Prolonged LPS-induced inflammation caused acute IR, followed by long-lasting tissue-specific dysfunctions of lipid-, glucose-, and insulin metabolism-related targets; this ultimately resulted in dyslipidemia but not whole-body IR. Endotoxemia in cats may provide a promising model to study the cross talk between metabolic and inflammatory responses in the development of adipose tissue dysfunction and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osto
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Tschuor F, Zini E, Schellenberg S, Wenger M, Kaufmann K, Furrer D, Lutz TA, Reusch CE. Remission of diabetes mellitus in cats cannot be predicted by the arginine stimulation test. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 25:83-9. [PMID: 21143647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cats with diabetes mellitus frequently achieve clinical remission, suggesting residual β-cell function. Responsiveness of β-cells to arginine persists the longest during diabetes progression, making the intravenous arginine stimulation test (IVAST) a useful tool to assess residual insulin and glucagon secretion. HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cats with and without remission will have different arginine-induced insulin or glucagon response. ANIMALS Seventeen cats with diabetes, 7 healthy cats. METHODS Blood samples collected on admission and during subsequent IVAST. Glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured. Response to IVAST was assessed by calculating the insulin and glucagon area under the curve (AUC) and the AUC glucagon-to-insulin ratio. Diabetic cats were treated with insulin and were followed for 18 weeks. Remission was defined as normoglycemia and disappearance of clinical signs of diabetes for ≥4 weeks, without requiring insulin. RESULTS Seven diabetic cats (41%) achieved remission. On admission, blood glucose concentration was significantly lower in cats with remission (median, 389 mg/dL; range, 342-536 mg/dL) than in those without remission (median, 506 mg/dL; range, 266-738 mg/dL). After IVAST, diabetic cats with remission had higher AUC glucagon-to-insulin ratios (median, 61; range, 34-852) than did cats without remission (median, 26; range, 20-498); glucose, insulin, and glucagon AUCs were not different. Diabetic cats had lower insulin AUC than did healthy cats but comparable glucagon AUC. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Diabetic cats with and without remission have similar arginine-stimulated insulin secretion on admission. Although cats with remission had lower blood glucose concentrations and higher AUC glucagon-to-insulin ratios, large overlap between groups prevents use of these parameters in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tschuor
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse, Zurich, Switzerland
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35
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Stefanello D, Valenti P, Zini E, Comazzi S, Gelain M, Roccabianca P, Avallone G, Caniatti M, Marconato L. Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma in 5 Dogs (2001-2008). J Vet Intern Med 2010; 25:90-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical remission is frequent in cats with well-controlled diabetes mellitus, but few studies explored predictors of this phenomenon. HYPOTHESIS Data retrieved from medical records at admission might be valuable to identify likelihood of remission and its duration in diabetic cats. ANIMALS Ninety cats with newly diagnosed diabetes, followed-up until death or remission. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from records at admission, including history, signalment, physical examination, haematology, and biochemical profile, and the occurrence and duration of remission, defined as normoglycemia without insulin for ≥4 weeks. Predictors of remission were studied with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Factors associated with remission duration were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS Forty-five (50%) cats achieved remission, after a median time of 48 days (range: 8-216). By study end, median remission duration was 114 days (range: 30-3,370) in cats that died and 151 days (range: 28-1,180) in alive cats. Remission was more likely with higher age (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.04-1.46; P=.01) and less likely with increased serum cholesterol (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.11-0.87; P=.04). Remission was longer with higher body weight (HR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.42-0.99; P=.04) and shorter with higher blood glucose (HR: 1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.02; P=.02). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Age, body weight, cholesterol, and glucose levels are suggested for prediction of remission or its duration in diabetic cats. Older cats developing diabetes may have a better outcome, possibly suggesting a slower disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Franchini M, Monnais E, Seboek D, Radimerski T, Zini E, Kaufmann K, Lutz T, Reusch C, Ackermann M, Muller B, Linscheid P. Insulin resistance and increased lipolysis in bone marrow derived adipocytes stimulated with agonists of Toll-like receptors. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:703-9. [PMID: 20603780 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to identify Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in human bone marrow derived adipocytes, to test specific TLR agonists for their ability to induce a proinflammatory response, and to investigate possible metabolic effects after TLR activation, in particular, those associated with insulin resistance and lipolysis. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from human bone marrow and differentiated into adipocytes. Total RNA before or after stimulation with agonists specific for TLR was extracted for analysis of expression of TLRs proinflammatory signals and molecules involved in glucose metabolism (IRS-1 and GLUT4). Furthermore, cytokine protein expression was measured from cell lysates. Finally, insulin induced glucose uptake and lipolysis were measured. Human bone marrow-derived adipocytes express TLR1-10. They react to stimulation with specific ligands with expression of inflammatory markers (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha, IL-8, MCP-1) at the RNA and protein levels. IRS-1 and GLUT4 expression was downregulated after stimulation with the TLR4 and TLR3 specific ligands LPS and poly (I:C), respectively. Insulin-induced glucose uptake was decreased and lipolysis increased. We conclude that adipocytes express TLR 1-10 and react to agonists specific for TLR 1-6. As a consequence proinflammatory cytokine are induced, in particular, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. Since stimulation is followed by decreased insulin-induced glucose uptake and increased lipolysis we conclude that TLRs may be important linking molecules in the generation of insulin resistance in fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Franchini
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Quante S, Boretti FS, Kook PH, Mueller C, Schellenberg S, Zini E, Sieber-Ruckstuhl N, Reusch CE. Urinary catecholamine and metanephrine to creatinine ratios in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism or pheochromocytoma, and in healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:1093-7. [PMID: 20707840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0578.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary catecholamines and metanephrines are used for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in dogs. Hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) is an important differential diagnosis for PHEO. OBJECTIVES To measure urinary catecholamines and metanephrines in dogs with HAC. ANIMALS Fourteen dogs with HAC, 7 dogs with PHEO, and 10 healthy dogs. METHODS Prospective clinical trial. Urine was collected during initial work-up in the hospital; in dogs with HAC an additional sample was taken at home 1 week after discharge. Parameters were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography and expressed as ratios to urinary creatinine concentration. RESULTS Dogs with HAC had significantly higher urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine and normetanephrine to creatinine ratios than healthy dogs. Urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and metanephrine to creatinine ratios did not differ between dogs with HAC and dogs with PHEO, whereas the urinary normetanephrine to creatinine ratio was significantly higher (P= .011) in dogs with PHEO (414, 157.0-925.0, median, range versus (117.5, 53.0-323.0). Using a cut-off ratio of 4 times the highest normetanephrine to creatinine ratio measured in controls, there was no overlap between dogs with HAC and dogs with PHEO. The variables determined in urine samples collected at home did not differ from those collected in the hospital. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Dogs with HAC might have increased concentrations of urinary catecholamines and normetanephrine. A high concentration of urinary normetanephrine (4 times normal), is highly suggestive of PHEO.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Quante
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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39
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Zini E, Osto M, Konrad D, Franchini M, Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS, Kaufmann K, Guscetti F, Ackermann M, Lutz TA, Reusch CE. 10-day hyperlipidemic clamp in cats: effects on insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and glucose metabolism-related genes. Horm Metab Res 2010; 42:340-7. [PMID: 20162504 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1248251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are associated with impaired insulin sensitivity in human type 2 diabetes mellitus, possibly due to activation of a mild inflammatory response. Because obesity-induced insulin resistance predisposes cats to diabetes and because hyperlipidemia is a frequent concurrent finding, excess lipids may also impair insulin sensitivity in cats. Healthy cats (n=6) were infused with lipids (Lipovenoes 10%) for 10 days to clamp blood triglycerides at the approximate concentration of untreated feline diabetes (3-7 mmol/l). Controls received saline (n=5). On day 10, plasma adiponectin and proinflammatory markers were measured. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was calculated following an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Tissue mRNAs of glucose metabolism-related genes were quantified in subcutaneous and visceral fat, liver, and skeletal muscles. Accumulation of lipids was assessed in liver. At the termination of infusion, whole-body insulin sensitivity did not differ between groups. Compared to saline, cats infused with lipids had 50% higher plasma adiponectin and 2-3 times higher alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Unexpectedly, lipid-infused cats had increased glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) mRNA in the visceral fat, and increased peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma2 (PPARgamma2) in subcutaneous fat; adiponectin expression was not affected in any tissue. Lipid-infused cats developed hepatic steatosis. Although hyperlipidemia induced systemic inflammation, whole-body insulin sensitivity was not impaired after 10 day infusion. Increased circulating adiponectin may have contributed to prevent insulin resistance, possibly by increasing GLUT4 and PPARgamma2 transcripts in fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Moretti S, Tschuor F, Osto M, Franchini M, Wichert B, Ackermann M, Lutz T, Reusch C, Zini E. Evaluation of a Novel Real-Time Continuous Glucose-Monitoring System for Use in Cats. J Vet Intern Med 2010; 24:120-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Marconato L, Crispino G, Finotello R, Mazzotti S, Salerni F, Zini E. Serum lactate dehydrogenase activity in canine malignancies. Vet Comp Oncol 2009; 7:236-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Portable blood glucose meters (PBGMs) are useful in the management of diabetes mellitus in cats. In the present study we compared the performance of two PBGMs: the AlphaTRAK (Abbott Animal Health, Maidenhead, England) specifically developed for dogs and cats, and the Ascensia ELITE (Bayer HealthCare, Zurich, Switzerland) developed for humans. Quality parameters, including precision and accuracy, were better for the AlphaTRAK meter compared to Ascensia ELITE. While the AlphaTRAK meter results did not differ from the reference method, results from the Ascensia ELITE were significantly (P<0.001) lower. The superior performance of the AlphaTRAK meter supports its use to monitor blood glucose levels in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zini
- Clinic for small animal internal medicine, University of Zürich
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Osto M, Zini E, Franchini M, Ackermann M, Reusch C, Lutz T. Subacute endotoxemia temporarily impairs insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in cats. Appetite 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Marconato L, Leo C, Girelli R, Salvi S, Abramo F, Bettini G, Comazzi S, Nardi P, Albanese F, Zini E. Association between Waste Management and Cancer in Companion Animals. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:564-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2009.0278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Urso C, Borgognoni L, Doria M, Tinacci G, Zini E. Non-sentinel lymph node involvement in a patient with an atypical Spitz tumor and a positive sentinel node. Report of a case and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 2009; 36:586-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0560.2008.01080.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jenni S, Gardelle O, Zini E, Glaus TM. Use of auscultation and Doppler echocardiography in Boxer puppies to predict development of subaortic or pulmonary stenosis. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23:81-6. [PMID: 19175725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Boxers are predisposed to subaortic and pulmonic stenosis (SAS, PS). Screening of puppies may be useful in estimating the risk of their developing a defect that potentially compromises life expectancy or exercise tolerance. HYPOTHESIS Presence of SAS or PS in adult Boxers can be predicted by auscultation and Doppler echocardiography at 9-10 weeks of age. ANIMALS Eighty-five Boxer puppies examined at 9-10 weeks of age and at 12 months of age. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal observational study. Auscultation by stethoscope and continuous wave-Doppler echocardiography for peak velocities (V(max)) in the aorta (Ao) and pulmonary artery (PA). RESULTS Intensity of heart murmurs in puppies correlated with V(max)Ao and V(max)PA in adults. V(max)Ao and V(max)PA in puppies correlated with V(max)Ao and V(max)PA in adults, respectively. From puppy to adult, V(max)Ao increased and V(max)PA remained unchanged. The negative predictive value for absent or only a soft (< or =II/VI) murmur in puppies being associated with V(max)Ao and PA < or = 2.4 m/s as an adult was 90% and < or =3.5 m/s 100%. The negative predictive value of a V(max)< or = 2.4 m/s as a puppy still being < or =2.4 m/s as an adult was 94% for Ao and 96% for PA, and of a V(max)< or = 3.5 m/s, 99% for Ao and 100% for PA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Even though V(max)Ao increases during growth in Boxer puppies, indicating relative narrowing of the aorta, puppies with V(max)Ao < or = 2.4 m/s do not usually progress to clinically have relevant SAS at 12 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jenni
- Division of Cardiology, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Zini E, Osto M, Franchini M, Guscetti F, Donath MY, Perren A, Heller RS, Linscheid P, Bouwman M, Ackermann M, Lutz TA, Reusch CE. Hyperglycaemia but not hyperlipidaemia causes beta cell dysfunction and beta cell loss in the domestic cat. Diabetologia 2009; 52:336-46. [PMID: 19034421 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1201-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In vitro studies point to a toxic effect of high glucose and non-esterified fatty acids on beta cells. Whether elevated levels of glucose and lipids induce beta cell loss in vivo is less clear. The domestic cat has recently been proposed as a valuable animal model for human type 2 diabetes because feline diabetes shows several similarities with diabetes in humans, including obesity-induced insulin resistance, impaired beta cell function, decreased number of beta cells and pancreatic amyloid deposition. METHODS We infused healthy cats with glucose or lipids for 10 days to clamp their blood concentrations at the approximate level found in untreated feline diabetes (glucose: 25-30 mmol/l; triacylglycerols: 3-7 mmol/l). RESULTS Glucose and lipid levels were adequately targeted. Plasma non-esterified fatty acids were increased by lipid infusion 1.7-fold. A dramatic and progressive decline of plasma insulin levels was observed in glucose-infused cats beginning after 2 days of hyperglycaemic clamp. In contrast, plasma insulin concentration and glucose tolerance test were not affected by hyperlipidaemia. Compared with controls, glucose-infused cats had a 50% decrease in beta cells per pancreatic area. Apoptotic islet cells and cleaved caspase-3-positive beta cells were observed in glucose-infused cats only. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sustained hyperglycaemia but not hyperlipidaemia induces early and severe beta cell dysfunction in cats, and excess glucose causes beta cell loss via apoptosis in vivo. Hyperglycaemic clamps in cats may provide a good model to study the pathogenesis of glucose toxicity in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zini
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Moretti S, Zini E, Tschuor F, Reusch CE. [First experiences with the continuous real-time glucose monitoring system (Guardian REAL-time CGMS) in a cat with diabetes mellitus]. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2009; 151:27-30. [PMID: 19160168 DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.151.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Moretti
- Klinik für Kleintiermedizin der Universität Zürich, Zürich
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Sieber-Ruckstuhl NS, Kley S, Tschuor F, Zini E, Ohlerth S, Boretti FS, Reusch CE. Remission of diabetes mellitus in cats with diabetic ketoacidosis. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1326-32. [PMID: 19000245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0201.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) has long been considered a key clinical feature of type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in humans although. An increasing number of cases of ketoacidosis have been reported in people with type-2 DM. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES Cats initially diagnosed with DKA can achieve remission from diabetes. Cats with DKA and diabetic remission are more likely to have been administered glucocorticoids before diagnosis. ANIMALS Twelve cats with DKA and 7 cats with uncomplicated DM. METHODS Retrospective case review. Medical records of cats presenting with DKA or DM were evaluated. Diabetic remission was defined as being clinically unremarkable for at least 1 month after insulin withdrawal. The cats were assigned to 1 of 3 groups: (1) cats with DKA and diabetic remission; (2) cats with DKA without diabetic remission; and (3) cats with DM and diabetic remission. RESULTS Seven cats with DKA had remission from diabetes. These cats had significantly higher concentrations of leukocytes and segmented neutrophils, and significantly lower concentrations of eosinophils in blood and had pancreatic disease more often than did cats with uncomplicated DM and diabetic remission. With regard to pretreatment, 3/7 cats in group 1, 1/5 cats in group 2, and 1/7 cats in group 3 had been treated with glucocorticoids. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Remission of DM in cats presenting with DKA is possible. Cats with DKA and remission have more components of a stress leucogram, pancreatic disease, and seemed to be treated more often with glucocorticoids than cats with uncomplicated DM and diabetic remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Sieber-Ruckstuhl
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Bartoletti R, Cai T, Tinacci G, Longo I, Ricci A, Massaro MP, Tosoratti N, Zini E, Pinzi N. Transperineal microwave thermoablation in patients with obstructive benign prostatic hyperplasia: a phase I clinical study with a new mini-choked microwave applicator. J Endourol 2008; 22:1509-17. [PMID: 18613779 DOI: 10.1089/end.2007.0329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the tolerability and safety of a newly designed probe for trans-perineal microwave thermoablation (TPMT) of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and the in vivo microwave effects on prostatic tissue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nine patients with obstructive BPH who were candidates for open prostatectomy were selected for this study. Under local anesthesia and transrectal ultrasound monitoring, all patients underwent a single standardized application of TPMT. The visual analog scale (VAS) and Short Form-36 health survey (SF-36) questionnaire were administered to each patient prior to, during, and 1 month after TPMT in order to evaluate pain and quality of life. Then the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaires were administered to each patient at baseline and 1 month after prostatectomy in order to evaluate sexual and urinary function, respectively. Then all patients were divided into three groups and underwent open prostatectomy 7, 15, and 30 days after TPMT, respectively. The prostatic adenomas were then evaluated by a pathologist. RESULTS No adverse events from TPMT treatment were noted. In particular, no patients reported local, pelvic, or abdominal pain during the procedure or subsequent alterations of defecation rhythm, ano-rectal/intestinal problems, or hematuria. No differences in quality of life or in sexual function were reported. The diameters of the lesions obtained with TPMT treatment ranged from 16 to 18.1 mm in all patients. Quasi-spheroid lesions with a well-defined area of complete coagulative necrosis were documented in all removed adenomas 7, 15, and 30 days after TMPT. CONCLUSIONS The AMICA-PROBE is a safe, well-tolerated, and repeatable method to treat BPH with microwave thermotherapy. The spheroid lesions obtained demonstrated the maximal control over the radial and longitudinal coagulative effects of the therapy. Phase II studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of this new probe.
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