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Buder F, Bauswein M, Magnus CL, Audebert F, Lang H, Kundel C, Distler K, Reuschel E, Lubnow M, Müller T, Lunz D, Graf B, Schmid S, Müller M, Poeck H, Hanses F, Salzberger B, Peterhoff D, Wenzel JJ, Schmidt B, Lampl BMJ. Correction to: Contribution of High Viral Loads, Detection of Viral Antigen and Seroconversion to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infectivity. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:605. [PMID: 35869700 PMCID: PMC9384479 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bauswein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clara L Magnus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christof Kundel
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Distler
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edith Reuschel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Hospital St Hedwig of the Order of St John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hanses
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt M J Lampl
- Correspondence: Benedikt M. J. Lampl, Public Health Department Regensburg, Altmühlstraße 3, 93059 Regensburg, Germany ()
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Meister TL, Gottsauner JM, Schmidt B, Heinen N, Todt D, Audebert F, Buder F, Lang H, Gessner A, Steinmann E, Vielsmeier V, Pfaender S, Cieplik F. Mouthrinses against SARS-CoV-2 – high antiviral effectivity by membrane disruption in vitro translates to mild effects in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Virus Res 2022; 316:198791. [PMID: 35504446 PMCID: PMC9057949 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents an unprecedented threat for the human population, necessitating rapid and effective intervention measures. Given the main infection route by airborne transmission, significant attention has been bestowed upon the use of antiseptic mouthrinses as a way to possibly reduce infectious viral titers. However, clinical evaluations are still sparse. Thus, we evaluated a wide variety of antiseptic agents that can be used as mouthrinses for their antiviral effects in vitro and their respective mode of action. One of the most promising antiseptic agents (benzalkoniumchloride, BAC) was used in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial with subsequent analysis of viral loads by RT-qPCR and virus rescue in cell culture. Mechanistic analysis revealed that treatment with BAC and other antiseptic agents efficiently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by primarily disrupting the viral envelope, without affecting viral RNA integrity. However, the clinical application only resulted in a mild reduction of viral loads in the oral cavity. These results indicate that gargling with mouthrinses comprising single antiseptic agents may play a minor role towards a potential reduction of transmission rates and thus, these findings are of utmost importance when considering alternative COVID-19 prevention strategies.
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Wymant C, Bezemer D, Blanquart F, Ferretti L, Gall A, Hall M, Golubchik T, Bakker M, Ong SH, Zhao L, Bonsall D, de Cesare M, MacIntyre-Cockett G, Abeler-Dörner L, Albert J, Bannert N, Fellay J, Grabowski MK, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Günthard HF, Kivelä P, Kouyos RD, Laeyendecker O, Meyer L, Porter K, Ristola M, van Sighem A, Berkhout B, Kellam P, Cornelissen M, Reiss P, Fraser C, Aubert V, Battegay M, Bernasconi E, Böni J, Braun DL, Bucher HC, Burton-Jeangros C, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Dollenmaier G, Egger M, Elzi L, Fehr J, Fellay J, Furrer H, Fux CA, Gorgievski M, Günthard H, Haerry D, Hasse B, Hirsch HH, Hoffmann M, Hösli I, Kahlert C, Kaiser L, Keiser O, Klimkait T, Kouyos R, Kovari H, Ledergerber B, Martinetti G, de Tejada BM, Marzolini C, Metzner K, Müller N, Nadal D, Nicca D, Pantaleo G, Rauch A, Regenass S, Rudin C, Schöni-Affolter F, Schmid P, Speck R, Stöckle M, Tarr P, Trkola A, Vernazza P, Weber R, Yerly S, van der Valk M, Geerlings SE, Goorhuis A, Hovius JW, Lempkes B, Nellen FJB, van der Poll T, Prins JM, Reiss P, van Vugt M, Wiersinga WJ, Wit FWMN, van Duinen M, van Eden J, Hazenberg A, van Hes AMH, Rajamanoharan S, Robinson T, Taylor B, Brewer C, Mayr C, Schmidt W, Speidel A, Strohbach F, Arastéh K, Cordes C, Pijnappel FJJ, Stündel M, Claus J, Baumgarten A, Carganico A, Ingiliz P, Dupke S, Freiwald M, Rausch M, Moll A, Schleehauf D, Smalhout SY, Hintsche B, Klausen G, Jessen H, Jessen A, Köppe S, Kreckel P, Schranz D, Fischer K, Schulbin H, Speer M, Weijsenfeld AM, Glaunsinger T, Wicke T, Bieniek B, Hillenbrand H, Schlote F, Lauenroth-Mai E, Schuler C, Schürmann D, Wesselmann H, Brockmeyer N, Jurriaans S, Gehring P, Schmalöer D, Hower M, Spornraft-Ragaller P, Häussinger D, Reuter S, Esser S, Markus R, Kreft B, Berzow D, Back NKT, Christl A, Meyer A, Plettenberg A, Stoehr A, Graefe K, Lorenzen T, Adam A, Schewe K, Weitner L, Fenske S, Zaaijer HL, Hansen S, Stellbrink HJ, Wiemer D, Hertling S, Schmidt R, Arbter P, Claus B, Galle P, Jäger H, Jä Gel-Guedes E, Berkhout B, Postel N, Fröschl M, Spinner C, Bogner J, Salzberger B, Schölmerich J, Audebert F, Marquardt T, Schaffert A, Schnaitmann E, Cornelissen MTE, Trein A, Frietsch B, Müller M, Ulmer A, Detering-Hübner B, Kern P, Schubert F, Dehn G, Schreiber M, Güler C, Schinkel CJ, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeyer B, Schmidt D, Meixenberger K, Bannert N, Wolthers KC, Peters EJG, van Agtmael MA, Autar RS, Bomers M, Sigaloff KCE, Heitmuller M, Laan LM, Ang CW, van Houdt R, Jonges M, Kuijpers TW, Pajkrt D, Scherpbier HJ, de Boer C, van der Plas A, van den Berge M, Stegeman A, Baas S, Hage de Looff L, Buiting A, Reuwer A, Veenemans J, Wintermans B, Pronk MJH, Ammerlaan HSM, van den Bersselaar DNJ, de Munnik ES, Deiman B, Jansz AR, Scharnhorst V, Tjhie J, Wegdam MCA, van Eeden A, Nellen J, Brokking W, Elsenburg LJM, Nobel H, van Kasteren MEE, Berrevoets MAH, Brouwer AE, Adams A, van Erve R, de Kruijf-van de Wiel BAFM, Keelan-Phaf S, van de Ven B, van der Ven B, Buiting AGM, Murck JL, de Vries-Sluijs TEMS, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, de Jong-Peltenburg NC, de Mendonç A Melo M, van Nood E, Nouwen JL, Rijnders BJA, Rokx C, Schurink CAM, Slobbe L, Verbon A, Bassant N, van Beek JEA, Vriesde M, van Zonneveld LM, de Groot J, Boucher CAB, Koopmans MPG, van Kampen JJA, Fraaij PLA, van Rossum AMC, Vermont CL, van der Knaap LC, Visser E, Branger J, Douma RA, Cents-Bosma AS, Duijf-van de Ven CJHM, Schippers EF, van Nieuwkoop C, van Ijperen JM, Geilings J, van der Hut G, van Burgel ND, Leyten EMS, Gelinck LBS, Mollema F, Davids-Veldhuis S, Tearno C, Wildenbeest GS, Heikens E, Groeneveld PHP, Bouwhuis JW, Lammers AJJ, Kraan S, van Hulzen AGW, Kruiper MSM, van der Bliek GL, Bor PCJ, Debast SB, Wagenvoort GHJ, Kroon FP, de Boer MGJ, Jolink H, Lambregts MMC, Roukens AHE, Scheper H, Dorama W, van Holten N, Claas ECJ, Wessels E, den Hollander JG, El Moussaoui R, Pogany K, Brouwer CJ, Smit JV, Struik-Kalkman D, van Niekerk T, Pontesilli O, Lowe SH, Oude Lashof AML, Posthouwer D, van Wolfswinkel ME, Ackens RP, Burgers K, Schippers J, Weijenberg-Maes B, van Loo IHM, Havenith TRA, van Vonderen MGA, Kampschreur LM, Faber S, Steeman-Bouma R, Al Moujahid A, Kootstra GJ, Delsing CE, van der Burg-van de Plas M, Scheiberlich L, Kortmann W, van Twillert G, Renckens R, Ruiter-Pronk D, van Truijen-Oud FA, Cohen Stuart JWT, Jansen ER, Hoogewerf M, Rozemeijer W, van der Reijden WA, Sinnige JC, Brinkman K, van den Berk GEL, Blok WL, Lettinga KD, de Regt M, Schouten WEM, Stalenhoef JE, Veenstra J, Vrouenraets SME, Blaauw H, Geerders GF, Kleene MJ, Kok M, Knapen M, van der Meché IB, Mulder-Seeleman E, Toonen AJM, Wijnands S, Wttewaal E, Kwa D, van Crevel R, van Aerde K, Dofferhoff ASM, Henriet SSV, Ter Hofstede HJM, Hoogerwerf J, Keuter M, Richel O, Albers M, Grintjes-Huisman KJT, de Haan M, Marneef M, Strik-Albers R, Rahamat-Langendoen J, Stelma FF, Burger D, Gisolf EH, Hassing RJ, Claassen M, Ter Beest G, van Bentum PHM, Langebeek N, Tiemessen R, Swanink CMA, van Lelyveld SFL, Soetekouw R, van der Prijt LMM, van der Swaluw J, Bermon N, van der Reijden WA, Jansen R, Herpers BL, Veenendaal D, Verhagen DWM, Lauw FN, van Broekhuizen MC, van Wijk M, Bierman WFW, Bakker M, Kleinnijenhuis J, Kloeze E, Middel A, Postma DF, Schölvinck EH, Stienstra Y, Verhage AR, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Boonstra A, de Groot-de Jonge H, van der Meulen PA, de Weerd DA, Niesters HGM, van Leer-Buter CC, Knoester M, Hoepelman AIM, Arends JE, Barth RE, Bruns AHW, Ellerbroek PM, Mudrikova T, Oosterheert JJ, Schadd EM, van Welzen BJ, Aarsman K, Griffioen-van Santen BMG, de Kroon I, van Berkel M, van Rooijen CSAM, Schuurman R, Verduyn-Lunel F, Wensing AMJ, Bont LJ, Geelen SPM, Loeffen YGT, Wolfs TFW, Nauta N, Rooijakkers EOW, Holtsema H, Voigt R, van de Wetering D, Alberto A, van der Meer I, Rosingh A, Halaby T, Zaheri S, Boyd AC, Bezemer DO, van Sighem AI, Smit C, Hillebregt M, de Jong A, Woudstra T, Bergsma D, Meijering R, van de Sande L, Rutkens T, van der Vliet S, de Groot L, van den Akker M, Bakker Y, El Berkaoui A, Bezemer M, Brétin N, Djoechro E, Groters M, Kruijne E, Lelivelt KJ, Lodewijk C, Lucas E, Munjishvili L, Paling F, Peeck B, Ree C, Regtop R, Ruijs Y, Schoorl M, Schnörr P, Scheigrond A, Tuijn E, Veenenberg L, Visser KM, Witte EC, Ruijs Y, Van Frankenhuijsen M, Allegre T, Makhloufi D, Livrozet JM, Chiarello P, Godinot M, Brunel-Dalmas F, Gibert S, Trepo C, Peyramond D, Miailhes P, Koffi J, Thoirain V, Brochier C, Baudry T, Pailhes S, Lafeuillade A, Philip G, Hittinger G, Assi A, Lambry V, Rosenthal E, Naqvi A, Dunais B, Cua E, Pradier C, Durant J, Joulie A, Quinsat D, Tempesta S, Ravaux I, Martin IP, Faucher O, Cloarec N, Champagne H, Pichancourt G, Morlat P, Pistone T, Bonnet F, Mercie P, Faure I, Hessamfar M, Malvy D, Lacoste D, Pertusa MC, Vandenhende MA, Bernard N, Paccalin F, Martell C, Roger-Schmelz J, Receveur MC, Duffau P, Dondia D, Ribeiro E, Caltado S, Neau D, Dupont M, Dutronc H, Dauchy F, Cazanave C, Vareil MO, Wirth G, Le Puil S, Pellegrin JL, Raymond I, Viallard JF, Chaigne de Lalande S, Garipuy D, Delobel P, Obadia M, Cuzin L, Alvarez M, Biezunski N, Porte L, Massip P, Debard A, Balsarin F, Lagarrigue M, Prevoteau du Clary F, Aquilina C, Reynes J, Baillat V, Merle C, Lemoing V, Atoui N, Makinson A, Jacquet JM, Psomas C, Tramoni C, Aumaitre H, Saada M, Medus M, Malet M, Eden A, Neuville S, Ferreyra M, Sotto A, Barbuat C, Rouanet I, Leureillard D, Mauboussin JM, Lechiche C, Donsesco R, Cabie A, Abel S, Pierre-Francois S, Batala AS, Cerland C, Rangom C, Theresine N, Hoen B, Lamaury I, Fabre I, Schepers K, Curlier E, Ouissa R, Gaud C, Ricaud C, Rodet R, Wartel G, Sautron C, Beck-Wirth G, Michel C, Beck C, Halna JM, Kowalczyk J, Benomar M, Drobacheff-Thiebaut C, Chirouze C, Faucher JF, Parcelier F, Foltzer A, Haffner-Mauvais C, Hustache Mathieu M, Proust A, Piroth L, Chavanet P, Duong M, Buisson M, Waldner A, Mahy S, Gohier S, Croisier D, May T, Delestan M, Andre M, Zadeh MM, Martinot M, Rosolen B, Pachart A, Martha B, Jeunet N, Rey D, Cheneau C, Partisani M, Priester M, Bernard-Henry C, Batard ML, Fischer P, Berger JL, Kmiec I, Robineau O, Huleux T, Ajana F, Alcaraz I, Allienne C, Baclet V, Meybeck A, Valette M, Viget N, Aissi E, Biekre R, Cornavin P, Merrien D, Seghezzi JC, Machado M, Diab G, Raffi F, Bonnet B, Allavena C, Grossi O, Reliquet V, Billaud E, Brunet C, Bouchez S, Morineau-Le Houssine P, Sauser F, Boutoille D, Besnier M, Hue H, Hall N, Brosseau D, Souala F, Michelet C, Tattevin P, Arvieux C, Revest M, Leroy H, Chapplain JM, Dupont M, Fily F, Patra-Delo S, Lefeuvre C, Bernard L, Bastides F, Nau P, Verdon R, de la Blanchardiere A, Martin A, Feret P, Geffray L, Daniel C, Rohan J, Fialaire P, Chennebault JM, Rabier V, Abgueguen P, Rehaiem S, Luycx O, Niault M, Moreau P, Poinsignon Y, Goussef M, Mouton-Rioux V, Houlbert D, Alvarez-Huve S, Barbe F, Haret S, Perre P, Leantez-Nainville S, Esnault JL, Guimard T, Suaud I, Girard JJ, Simonet V, Debab Y, Schmit JL, Jacomet C, Weinberck P, Genet C, Pinet P, Ducroix S, Durox H, Denes É, Abraham B, Gourdon F, Antoniotti O, Molina JM, Ferret S, Lascoux-Combe C, Lafaurie M, Colin de Verdiere N, Ponscarme D, De Castro N, Aslan A, Rozenbaum W, Pintado C, Clavel F, Taulera O, Gatey C, Munier AL, Gazaigne S, Penot P, Conort G, Lerolle N, Leplatois A, Balausine S, Delgado J, Timsit J, Tabet M, Gerard L, Girard PM, Picard O, Tredup J, Bollens D, Valin N, Campa P, Bottero J, Lefebvre B, Tourneur M, Fonquernie L, Wemmert C, Lagneau JL, Yazdanpanah Y, Phung B, Pinto A, Vallois D, Cabras O, Louni F, Pialoux G, Lyavanc T, Berrebi V, Chas J, Lenagat S, Rami A, Diemer M, Parrinello M, Depond A, Salmon D, Guillevin L, Tahi T, Belarbi L, Loulergue P, Zak Dit Zbar O, Launay O, Silbermann B, Leport C, Alagna L, Pietri MP, Simon A, Bonmarchand M, Amirat N, Pichon F, Kirstetter M, Katlama C, Valantin MA, Tubiana R, Caby F, Schneider L, Ktorza N, Calin R, Merlet A, Ben Abdallah S, Weiss L, Buisson M, Batisse D, Karmochine M, Pavie J, Minozzi C, Jayle D, Castel P, Derouineau J, Kousignan P, Eliazevitch M, Pierre I, Collias L, Viard JP, Gilquin J, Sobel A, Slama L, Ghosn J, Hadacek B, Thu-Huyn N, Nait-Ighil L, Cros A, Maignan A, Duvivier C, Consigny PH, Lanternier F, Shoai-Tehrani M, Touam F, Jerbi S, Bodard L, Jung C, Goujard C, Quertainmont Y, Duracinsky M, Segeral O, Blanc A, Peretti D, Cheret A, Chantalat C, Dulucq MJ, Levy Y, Lelievre JD, Lascaux AS, Dumont C, Boue F, Chambrin V, Abgrall S, Kansau I, Raho-Moussa M, De Truchis P, Dinh A, Davido B, Marigot D, Berthe H, Devidas A, Chevojon P, Chabrol A, Agher N, Lemercier Y, Chaix F, Turpault I, Bouchaud O, Honore P, Rouveix E, Reimann E, Belan AG, Godin Collet C, Souak S, Mortier E, Bloch M, Simonpoli AM, Manceron V, Cahitte I, Hiraux E, Lafon E, Cordonnier F, Zeng AF, Zucman D, Majerholc C, Bornarel D, Uludag A, Gellen-Dautremer J, Lefort A, Bazin C, Daneluzzi V, Gerbe J, Jeantils V, Coupard M, Patey O, Bantsimba J, Delllion S, Paz PC, Cazenave B, Richier L, Garrait V, Delacroix I, Elharrar B, Vittecoq D, Bolliot C, Lepretre A, Genet P, Masse V, Perrone V, Boussard JL, Chardon P, Froguel E, Simon P, Tassi S, Avettand Fenoel V, Barin F, Bourgeois C, Cardon F, Chaix ML, Delfraissy JF, Essat A, Fischer H, Lecuroux C, Meyer L, Petrov-Sanchez V, Rouzioux C, Saez-Cirion A, Seng R, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Young C, Zucchetti A, Bevan MA, McKernan S, Wandolo E, Richardson C, Youssef E, Green P, Faulkner S, Faville R, Herman S, Care C, Blackman H, Bellenger K, Fairbrother K, Phillips A, Babiker A, Delpech V, Fidler S, Clarke M, Fox J, Gilson R, Goldberg D, Hawkins D, Johnson A, Johnson M, McLean K, Nastouli E, Post F, Kennedy N, Pritchard J, Andrady U, Rajda N, Donnelly C, McKernan S, Drake S, Gilleran G, White D, Ross J, Harding J, Faville R, Sweeney J, Flegg P, Toomer S, Wilding H, Woodward R, Dean G, Richardson C, Perry N, Gompels M, Jennings L, Bansaal D, Browing M, Connolly L, Stanley B, Estreich S, Magdy A, O'Mahony C, Fraser P, Jebakumar SPR, David L, Mette R, Summerfield H, Evans M, White C, Robertson R, Lean C, Morris S, Winter A, Faulkner S, Goorney B, Howard L, Fairley I, Stemp C, Short L, Gomez M, Young F, Roberts M, Green S, Sivakumar K, Minton J, Siminoni A, Calderwood J, Greenhough D, DeSouza C, Muthern L, Orkin C, Murphy S, Truvedi M, McLean K, Hawkins D, Higgs C, Moyes A, Antonucci S, McCormack S, Lynn W, Bevan M, Fox J, Teague A, Anderson J, Mguni S, Post F, Campbell L, Mazhude C, Russell H, Gilson R, Carrick G, Ainsworth J, Waters A, Byrne P, Johnson M, Fidler S, Kuldanek K, Mullaney S, Lawlor V, Melville R, Sukthankar A, Thorpe S, Murphy C, Wilkins E, Ahmad S, Green P, Tayal S, Ong E, Meaden J, Riddell L, Loay D, Peacock K, Blackman H, Harindra V, Saeed AM, Allen S, Natarajan U, Williams O, Lacey H, Care C, Bowman C, Herman S, Devendra SV, Wither J, Bridgwood A, Singh G, Bushby S, Kellock D, Young S, Rooney G, Snart B, Currie J, Fitzgerald M, Arumainayyagam J, Chandramani S. A highly virulent variant of HIV-1 circulating in the Netherlands. Science 2022; 375:540-545. [PMID: 35113714 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We discovered a highly virulent variant of subtype-B HIV-1 in the Netherlands. One hundred nine individuals with this variant had a 0.54 to 0.74 log10 increase (i.e., a ~3.5-fold to 5.5-fold increase) in viral load compared with, and exhibited CD4 cell decline twice as fast as, 6604 individuals with other subtype-B strains. Without treatment, advanced HIV-CD4 cell counts below 350 cells per cubic millimeter, with long-term clinical consequences-is expected to be reached, on average, 9 months after diagnosis for individuals in their thirties with this variant. Age, sex, suspected mode of transmission, and place of birth for the aforementioned 109 individuals were typical for HIV-positive people in the Netherlands, which suggests that the increased virulence is attributable to the viral strain. Genetic sequence analysis suggests that this variant arose in the 1990s from de novo mutation, not recombination, with increased transmissibility and an unfamiliar molecular mechanism of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wymant
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - François Blanquart
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS, INSERM, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,IAME, UMR 1137, INSERM, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luca Ferretti
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Astrid Gall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew Hall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Margreet Bakker
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Swee Hoe Ong
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lele Zhao
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Bonsall
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mariateresa de Cesare
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George MacIntyre-Cockett
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucie Abeler-Dörner
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jan Albert
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Norbert Bannert
- Division for HIV and Other Retroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Kate Grabowski
- Department of Pathology, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Huldrych F Günthard
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pia Kivelä
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roger D Kouyos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laurence Meyer
- INSERM CESP U1018, Université Paris Saclay, APHP, Service de Santé Publique, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Kholoud Porter
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti Ristola
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Cambridge, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Cornelissen
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Reiss
- Stichting HIV Monitoring, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Global Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam and Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christophe Fraser
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Buder F, Bauswein M, Magnus CL, Audebert F, Lang H, Kundel C, Distler K, Reuschel E, Lubnow M, Müller T, Lunz D, Graf B, Schmid S, Müller M, Poeck H, Hanses F, Salzberger B, Peterhoff D, Wenzel JJ, Schmidt B, Lampl BMJ. SARS-CoV-2 infectivity correlates with high viral loads and detection of viral antigen and is terminated by seroconversion. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:190-198. [PMID: 34427652 PMCID: PMC8513404 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background From a public health perspective, effective containment strategies for SARS-CoV-2 should be balanced with individual liberties. Methods We collected 79 respiratory samples from 59 patients monitored in an outpatient center or in the intensive care unit of the University Hospital Regensburg. We analyzed viral load by quantitative real-time PCR, viral antigen by point-of-care assay, time since onset of symptoms and presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the context of virus isolation from respiratory specimen. Results The odds ratio for virus isolation increased 1.9-fold for each log10 level of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and 7.4-fold with detection of viral antigen, while it decreased 6.3-fold beyond 10 days of symptoms and 20.0-fold with presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The latter was confirmed for B.1.1.7 strains. The positive predictive value for virus isolation was 60.0% for viral loads above 10 7 RNA copies/mL and 50.0% for the presence of viral antigen. Symptom onset before 10 days and seroconversion predicted lack of infectivity with 93.8% and 96.0%. Conclusions Our data support quarantining patients with high viral load and detection of viral antigen, and lifting restrictive measures with increasing time to symptom onset and seroconversion. Delay of antibody formation may prolong infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Buder
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Bauswein
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Clara L Magnus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Christof Kundel
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin Distler
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Hospital Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Edith Reuschel
- University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology At The Hospital St. Hedwig of The Order of St. John, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Poeck
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hanses
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department of Infection Prevention and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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5
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Peterhoff D, Glück V, Vogel M, Schuster P, Schütz A, Neubert P, Albert V, Frisch S, Kiessling M, Pervan P, Werner M, Ritter N, Babl L, Deichner M, Hanses F, Lubnow M, Müller T, Lunz D, Hitzenbichler F, Audebert F, Hähnel V, Offner R, Müller M, Schmid S, Burkhardt R, Glück T, Koller M, Niller HH, Graf B, Salzberger B, Wenzel JJ, Jantsch J, Gessner A, Schmidt B, Wagner R. A highly specific and sensitive serological assay detects SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in COVID-19 patients that correlate with neutralization. Infection 2021; 49:75-82. [PMID: 32827125 PMCID: PMC7441844 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic challenges national health systems and the global economy. Monitoring of infection rates and seroprevalence can guide public health measures to combat the pandemic. This depends on reliable tests on active and former infections. Here, we set out to develop and validate a specific and sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels. METHODS In our ELISA, we used SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and a stabilized version of the spike (S) ectodomain as antigens. We assessed sera from patients infected with seasonal coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and controls. We determined and monitored IgM-, IgA- and IgG-antibody responses towards these antigens. In addition, for a panel of 22 sera, virus neutralization and ELISA parameters were measured and correlated. RESULTS The RBD-based ELISA detected SARS-CoV-2-directed antibodies, did not cross-react with seasonal coronavirus antibodies and correlated with virus neutralization (R2 = 0.89). Seroconversion started at 5 days after symptom onset and led to robust antibody levels at 10 days after symptom onset. We demonstrate high specificity (99.3%; N = 1000) and sensitivity (92% for IgA, 96% for IgG and 98% for IgM; > 10 days after PCR-proven infection; N = 53) in serum. CONCLUSIONS With the described RBD-based ELISA protocol, we provide a reliable test for seroepidemiological surveys. Due to high specificity and strong correlation with virus neutralization, the RBD ELISA holds great potential to become a preferred tool to assess thresholds of protective immunity after infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Peterhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Vivian Glück
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuster
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anja Schütz
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philip Neubert
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Veruschka Albert
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Frisch
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mara Kiessling
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philip Pervan
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maren Werner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Ritter
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leon Babl
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Deichner
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Frank Hanses
- Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lubnow
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Lunz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Hitzenbichler
- Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Viola Hähnel
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Offner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmid
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Michael Koller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans Helmut Niller
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Salzberger
- Department for Infection Control and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen J Wenzel
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - André Gessner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute for Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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6
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Haberl L, Audebert F, Feiterna-Sperling C, Gillor D, Jakubowski P, Jonsson-Oldenbüttel C, Khaykin P, Kiener R, Reitter A, Rieke A, Rodríguez E, Rößler S, Rump JA, Schüttfort G, Stephan C, Ulmer A, von Braun A, von Weizsäcker K, Haberl A. Not Recommended, But Done: Breastfeeding with HIV in Germany. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2021; 35:33-38. [PMID: 33571048 DOI: 10.1089/apc.2020.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding (BF) in mothers living with HIV (MLWH) is still discussed controversially in resource-rich settings. In Germany, where formula feeding is recommended for MLWH single BF cases have been reported, but no systematic data collection and analysis are available so far. This study, titled HELENE, aims to fill this data gap. A questionnaire covering the course of BF was distributed by a graduate student visiting each study site. Information was collected from patient files and by personal communication with the health care provider. Primary study objectives were the duration of BF and the maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART). Fifteen treatment centers across Germany contributed a total of 42 BF cases, observed from May 2009 to July 2020. There was an increasing number of BF cases over time. The median duration of BF was 20 weeks varying from single BF of colostrum to 104 weeks. All BF women except one elite controller received ART: 39% non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-, 37% INSTI-, 29% protease inhibitor-based regimens; one woman was on maraviroc. Thirty-nine percent of the ART regimens included drugs that were not recommended by the German-Austrian pregnancy guidelines. Our findings highlight the diversity of BF cases in Germany in terms of duration, maternal ART, and monitoring. Since the number of BF cases is increasing, guidelines are obliged to implement more detailed recommendations on BF, the monitoring of BF mothers, and the follow-up of the infants. There is an urgent need for prospective national and European data collections to further improve HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) in the setting of BF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Haberl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Peter Jakubowski
- Center of Women's Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rita Kiener
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anke Reitter
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Krankenhaus Sachsenhausen, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ansgar Rieke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gemeinschaftsklinikum Mittelrhein, Koblenz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Gundolf Schüttfort
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Stephan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Amrei von Braun
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Annette Haberl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany
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7
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Dietz J, Spengler U, Müllhaupt B, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Piecha F, Mauss S, Seegers B, Hinrichsen H, Antoni C, Wietzke-Braun P, Peiffer KH, Berger A, Matschenz K, Buggisch P, Backhus J, Zizer E, Boettler T, Neumann-Haefelin C, Semela D, Stauber R, Berg T, Berg C, Zeuzem S, Vermehren J, Sarrazin C, Giostra E, Berning M, Hampe J, De Gottardi A, Rauch A, Semmo N, Discher T, Trauth J, Fischer J, Gress M, Günther R, Heinzow H, Schmidt J, Herrmann A, Stallmach A, Hilgard G, Deterding K, Lange C, Ciesek S, Wedemeyer H, Hoffmann D, Klinker H, Schulze P, Kocheise F, Müller-Schilling M, Kodal A, Kremer A, Ganslmayer M, Siebler J, Lammert F, Rissland J, Löbermann M, Götze T, Canbay A, Lohse A, von Felden J, Jordan S, Maieron A, Moradpour D, Chave JP, Moreno C, Müller T, Muche M, Epple HJ, Port K, von Hahn T, Cornberg M, Manns M, Reinhardt L, Ellenrieder V, Rockstroh J, Schattenberg J, Sprinzl M, Galle P, Roeb E, Steckstor M, Schmiegel W, Brockmeyer N, Seufferlein T, Stremmel W, Strey B, Thimme R, Teufel A, Vogelmann R, Ebert M, Tomasiewicz K, Trautwein C, Tacke F, Koenen T, Weber T, Zachoval R, Mayerle J, Raziorrouh B, Angeli W, Beckebaum S, Doberauer C, Durmashkina E, Hackelsberger A, Erhardt A, Garrido-Lüneburg A, Gattringer H, Genné D, Gschwantler M, Gundling F, Hametner S, Schöfl R, Hartmann C, Heyer T, Hirschi C, Jussios A, Kanzler S, Kordecki N, Kraus M, Kullig U, Wollschläger S, Magenta L, Beretta-Piccoli BT, Menges M, Mohr L, Muehlenberg K, Niederau C, Paulweber B, Petrides A, Pinkernell M, Piso R, Rambach W, Reiser M, Riecken B, Rieke A, Roth J, Schelling M, Schlee P, Schneider A, Scholz D, Schott E, Schuchmann M, Schulten-Baumer U, Seelhoff A, Stich A, Stickel F, Ungemach J, Walter E, Weber A, Winzer T, Abels W, Adler M, Audebert F, Baermann C, Bästlein E, Barth R, Barthel K, Becker W, Behrends J, Benninger J, Berger F, Berzow D, Beyer T, Bierbaum M, Blaukat O, Bodtländer A, Böhm G, Börner N, Bohr U, Bokemeyer B, Bruch H, Bucholz D, Burkhard O, Busch N, Chirca C, Delker R, Diedrich J, Frank M, Diehl M, Dienethal A, Dietel P, Dikopoulos N, Dreck M, Dreher F, Drude L, Ende K, Ehrle U, Baumgartl K, Emke F, Glosemeyer R, Felten G, Hüppe D, Fischer J, Fischer U, Frederking D, Frick B, Friese G, Gantke B, Geyer P, Schwind H, Glas M, Glaunsinger T, Goebel F, Göbel U, Görlitz B, Graf R, Gruber H, Härter G, Herder M, Heuchel T, Heuer S, Höffl KH, Hörster H, Sonne JU, Hofmann W, Holst F, Hunstiger M, Hurst A, Jägel-Guedes E, John C, Jung M, Kallinowski B, Kapzan B, Kerzel W, Khaykin P, Klarhof M, Klüppelberg U, Klugewitz K, Knapp B, Knevels U, Kochsiek T, Körfer A, Köster A, Kuhn M, Langekamp A, Künzig B, Link R, Littman M, Löhr H, Lutz T, Knecht G, Lutz U, Mainz D, Mahle I, Maurer P, Mayer C, Meister V, Möller H, Heyne R, Moritzen D, Mroß M, Mundlos M, Naumann U, Nehls O, Ningel K, Oelmann A, Olejnik H, Gadow K, Pascher E, Petersen J, Philipp A, Pichler M, Polzien F, Raddant R, Riedel M, Rietzler S, Rössle M, Rufle W, Rump A, Schewe C, Hoffmann C, Schleehauf D, Schmidt K, Schmidt W, Schmidt-Heinevetter G, Schmidtler-von Fabris J, Schnaitmann E, Schneider L, Schober A, Niehaus-Hahn S, Schwenzer J, Seidel T, Seitel G, Sick C, Simon K, Stähler D, Stenschke F, Steffens H, Stein K, Steinmüller M, Sternfeld T, Strey B, Svensson K, Tacke W, Teuber G, Teubner K, Thieringer J, Tomesch A, Trappe U, Ullrich J, Urban G, Usadel S, von Lucadou A, Weinberger F, Werheid-Dobers M, Werner P, Winter T, Zehnter E, Zipf A. Efficacy of Retreatment After Failed Direct-acting Antiviral Therapy in Patients With HCV Genotype 1-3 Infections. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 19:195-198.e2. [PMID: 31706062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus infection is causing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. By combining direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), high sustained virologic response rates (SVRs) can be achieved. Resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are commonly observed after DAA failure, and especially nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) RASs may impact retreatment options.1-3 Data on retreatment of DAA failure patients using first-generation DAAs are limited.4-7 Recently, a second-generation protease- and NS5A-inhibitor plus sofosbuvir (voxilaprevir/velpatasvir/sofosbuvir [VOX/VEL/SOF]) was approved for retreatment after DAA failure.8 However, this and other second-generation regimens are not available in many resource-limited countries or are not reimbursed by regular insurance, and recommendations regarding the selection of retreatment regimens using first-generation DAAs are very important. This study aimed to analyze patients who were re-treated with first-generation DAAs after failure of a DAA combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dietz
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Spengler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Bonn, Bonn, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Cologne-Bonn, Germany
| | - Beat Müllhaupt
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center and Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Felix Piecha
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Stefan Mauss
- Center for HIV and Hepatogastroenterology, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Seegers
- Gastroenterologisch-Hepatologisches Zentrum Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Antoni
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Kai-Henrik Peiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Annemarie Berger
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Peter Buggisch
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Medicine IFI, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Backhus
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eugen Zizer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Semela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Berg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Berg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Vermehren
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Sarrazin
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany; Medizinische Klinik 2, St Josefs-Hospital, Wiesbaden, Germany.
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Zauner F, Glück T, Salzberger B, Ehrenstein B, Beutel G, Robl F, Hanses F, Birnbaum D, Linde HJ, Audebert F. Are histopathological findings of diagnostic value in native valve endocarditis? Infection 2013; 41:637-43. [PMID: 23378292 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-013-0404-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal management of infective endocarditis (IE) depends on the early detection of IE-causing pathogens and on appropriate antimicrobial and surgical therapy. The current guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend histopathological examination as the gold standard for diagnosing IE Habib et al. (Eur Heart J 30:2369-2413, 2005). We hypothesize that histopathological findings do not provide additional information relevant to clinical decision-making. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of patients who had undergone surgery for native valve endocarditis (NVE) at the University Hospital Regensburg between September 1994 and February 2005. All episodes of intraoperatively confirmed endocarditis during this period were included in the study. Data were retrieved from surgical records, microbiological and histopathological reports, and medical files of the treating as well as admitting hospital. Pathogens were correlated with the site of manifestation of the affected heart valve and with clinical and histopathological findings. RESULTS A total of 163 episodes of NVE were recorded and entered into our study for analysis. The valves affected were the aortic valve (45 %), the mitral valve (28 %), the aortic and mitral valve (22 %), and other valves (5 %). IE-causing pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (22 %), viridans streptococci (18 %), enterococci (10 %), streptococci other than Streptococcus viridans (9 %), coagulase-negative staphylococci (5 %), miscellaneous pathogens (4 %), and culture-negative endocarditis (33 %). Infection with S. aureus was associated with high rates of sepsis, septic foci, and embolic events, while patients with enterococcal IE showed the highest rate of abscesses. Mortality rate in all subgroups was low without significant differences. However, histopathological findings correlated poorly with the pathogen involved and showed only few significant associations that were without clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentation of IE depends on the pathogen involved. Among the episodes of NVE examined, the histopathological examination of resected heart valves did not show any pathogen-specific morphological patterns and therefore did not provide any additional information of clinical value. Based on our findings, we recommend complementary cultures of the resected materials (valve tissue, thrombotic material, pacer wire) and implementation of molecular diagnostic methods (e.g., broad-range PCR amplification techniques) instead of histopathological analyses of resected valve tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zauner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Massoni J, Durette-Desset MC, Quéré JP, Audebert F. Redescription of Heligmosomoides neopolygyrus, Asakawa and Ohbayashi, 1986 (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae) from a Chinese rodent, Apodemus peninsulae (Rodentia: Muridae); with comments on Heligmosomoides polygyrus polygyrus (Dujardin, 1845) and related species in China and Japan. Parasite 2012. [PMID: 23193521 PMCID: PMC3671467 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012194367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heligmosomoides neopolygyrus, Asakawa and Ohbayashi, 1986 (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea) is redescribed from Apodemus peninsulae from Rangtang, Sichuan, China. A morphological review of the Heligmosomoides spp. belonging to the "polygyrus line" proposed by Asakawa (1988) is made using new characters. This enabled us to distinguish two subspecies in Mus musculus (Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri from Japan and H. p. polygyrus from China) and two valid species in Apodemus spp. (H. neopolygyrus from Japan (in A. peninsulae) and from China (in A. agrarius) and H. asakawae from China (in A. uralensis)). Three parasite species of A. agrarius and A. peninsulae, previously identified by Asakawa et al. (1993) as H. neopolygyrus, are considered to be Heligmosomoides incertae sedis. This is the first report of H. neopolygyrus in A. peninsulae from China.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Massoni
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMR 7207 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC "Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements - CR2P". MNHN, Paris Cedex, France
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10
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Massoni J, Durette-Desset MC, Quéré JP, Audebert F. Description of a new species of Heligmosomoides (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae) parasitic in Microtus limnophius (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from Rangtang, Sichuan, China. Parasite 2010; 17:17-22. [PMID: 20387734 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2010171017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heligmosomoides craigi n. sp. (Nematoda: Heligmosomoidea) is described from Microtus limnophilus Büchner, 1889 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from Rangtang, Sichuan, China. It is related to H. protobullosus Asakawa, 1987 and H. longispiculum Tokobaev & Erkulov, 1966 both parasites of Microtus spp. from Japan and USSR, respectively by the following features: a ratio of spicule length/body length of more than 45% and rays 9 shorter than rays 10. The new species is differentiated by rays 8 being closed to rays 6 and 19-22 cuticular ridges versus 14 in H. protobullosus (synlophe not described in H. longispiculum). H. longicirratus (Schulz, 1954) also a parasite of Microtus sp. from the USSR is the most closely related species based on the number of cuticular ridges (20) and the ratio of spicule length/body length (48% versus 50%). There are no illustrations of this species and the female has not been described; for that reason, it is not possible to compare it accurately with our specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Massoni
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, UMR 7207 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC "Centre de recherche sur la paléobiodiversité et les paléoenvironnements-CR2P". MNHN, 57, rue Cuvier, BP 48, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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11
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Töpel I, Audebert F, Betz T, Steinbauer MG. Microbial Spectrum and Primary Resistance to Rifampicin in Infectious Complications in Vascular Surgery: Limits to the Use of Rifampicin-Bonded Prosthetic Grafts. Angiology 2010; 61:423-6. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319709360029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There are reports that rifampicin-bonded prosthetic grafts might be a suitable alternative to autologous grafts in vascular graft infections and infectious vascular complications. We characterize the spectrum of microbial agents and susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, especially to rifampicin, in these patients. We carried out a retrospective analysis of wound-swaps and blood cultures in 48 patients with infected prosthetic vascular grafts or primary infectious vascular complications. In 15 of 48 patients (31%), the analysis showed that the microbial organism causing the infection was resistant or not susceptible to rifampicin. Rifampicin-bonded prosthetic grafts should be used with caution in acute infectious complications in vascular surgery, because in about 30% of the cases, the initiating microbial organisms are resistant or not susceptible to rifampicin. Without preoperative confirmation of susceptibility to rifampicin, autologous reconstruction should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Töpel
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Krankenhaus Barmherzigen Brüder, Regensburg, Germany,
| | - Franz Audebert
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Infectiology, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder Regensburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Betz
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Krankenhaus Barmherzigen Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus G. Steinbauer
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Krankenhaus Barmherzigen Brüder, Regensburg, Germany
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12
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Heidinger D, Blaas S, Audebert F, Hetzenecker A, Kollert F, Hofmann H, Pfeifer M, Budweiser S. Beidseitiger Pneumothorax und zystisch veränderte Lunge als Folge einer Pneumocystis jiroveci, Mycobacterium kansasii und HIV Koinfektion. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Töpel I, Audebert F, Herzog G, Steinbauer M. Endoluminal Repair of a Contained Thoracic Aortic Rupture Due to Primary Staphylococcal Aortitis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Ehrenstein BP, Hanses F, Blaas S, Mandraka F, Audebert F, Salzberger B. Perceived risks of adverse effects and influenza vaccination: a survey of hospital employees. Eur J Public Health 2010; 20:495-9. [PMID: 20089677 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckp227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many hospital employees shun influenza immunization because they want to avoid adverse reactions. We surveyed hospital employees to elucidate whether the conception of the adverse effects of vaccination stems from correct or misperceived incidence rates of vaccine adverse effects. METHODS We used an anonymous self-administered paper questionnaire at a tertiary-care university hospital in Germany, in 2006. Multiple-choice questions probed respondents' knowledge about influenza, influenza vaccine and about rates of 12 possible vaccine adverse effects. We correlated overestimation of each adverse effect with failure to obtain vaccination in 2005-06, stratified by professional group. RESULTS The overall response rate was 34% (652/1898). Of the 304 respondents unvaccinated in 2005-06, 127 (42%) attributed their vaccination status mainly to concerns about adverse effects. Among physicians, failure to obtain influenza vaccination was associated with the overestimation of both non-severe and severe adverse effects. Non-vaccinated nurses were significantly more likely than the vaccinated nurses to overestimate the rates of five of six non-severe adverse effects, but differed significantly in rates of overestimation of merely one of the six severe adverse effects. Overestimation of vaccine-caused absenteeism from work was negatively associated with vaccination rates among all professionals. CONCLUSIONS Overestimation of the actual low rates of influenza vaccine adverse effects was associated with non-receipt of the vaccine among hospital employees. Due to our finding of different misconceptions about adverse effects, educational and promotional programmes should be targeted differentially for nurses and physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P Ehrenstein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Töpel I, Audebert F, Herzog G, Steinbauer M. Endoluminal Repair of a Contained Thoracic Aortic Rupture Due to Primary Staphylococcal Aortitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvsextra.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Abstract
In order to confirm or refute the relay role of lagomorphs in the evolution of the Trichostrongylina (Nematoda), the following points were studied by summarizing previous works on the subject: the chronology of the life cycles (27 conducted in natural hosts, lagomorphs, ruminants or arvicolin rodents; 14 in experimental hosts); the parasitic phase in the experimental host and the adaptation involved; the migration of the parasites into the tissues of the host; the morphogenesis of larval stages and molecular phylogeny. These data confirm, in their entirety, that lagomorphs may be considered as "relay" hosts in the evolution of the Trichostrongylina.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Département Systématique et evolution, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7138 associée au CNRS, BP 52, 61, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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17
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Brenmoehl J, Herfarth H, Glück T, Audebert F, Barlage S, Schmitz G, Froehlich D, Schreiber S, Hampe J, Schölmerich J, Holler E, Rogler G. Genetic variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene are associated with early mortality in sepsis patients. Intensive Care Med 2007; 33:1541-8. [PMID: 17558494 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-007-0722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene resulting in a diminished capacity to activate NF-kappaB in response to bacterial cell wall products have been associated with Crohn's disease (CD). Recently, we found an association between the variant Leu1007fsinsC of the NOD2/CARD15 gene (SNP13) and a significantly increased rate of transplant related mortality (TRM) due to intestinal and pulmonary complications in stem cell transplantation (SCT). To assess a possible contribution of variants in the NOD2/CARD15 gene to sepsis related mortality (SRM) we investigated 132 prospectively characterised, consecutive patients with sepsis. DESIGN AND PATIENTS The three most common NOD2/CARD15 variants (Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, and Leu1007fsinsC) were determined in 132 prospectively characterised patients with sepsis attended to three intensive care units at the University of Regensburg by Taqman PCR. NOD2/CARD15 genotype and major patients' characteristics were correlated with SRM. RESULTS Patient groups with and without NOD2/CARD15 variants did not differ in their clinical characteristics such as median age, gender, reason for admission or APACHE score; however, SRM (day 30) was increased in patients with NOD2/CARD15 coding variants (42 vs. 31%) and was highest (57%) in 8 patients carrying the Leu1007fsinsC variant (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the Leu1007fsinsC genetic variant as an independent risk factor for SRM. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate a major role of NOD2/CARD15 coding variants for SRM. This may be indicative for a role of impaired barrier function and bacterial translocation in the pathophysiology of early sepsis related death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brenmoehl
- University Hospital of Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
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18
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Ehrenstein B, Hanses F, Blaas S, Mandraka F, Audebert F, Salzberger B. O353 Perception of adverse-effect risks and receipt of influenza vaccination among hospital personnel. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(07)70235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Audebert F, Schneidewind A, Hartmann P, Kullmann F, Schölmerich J. [Lymph node tuberculosis as primary manifestation of Hodgkin's disease]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 101:500-4. [PMID: 16767573 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-006-1071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2006] [Revised: 04/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
HISTORY AND FINDINGS ON ADMISSION A 63-year-old female patient was admitted to the authors' hospital for further diagnostic work-up for suspected reactivation of a previously successfully treated lymph node tuberculosis, which had been diagnosed 1 year prior to the current admission. The clinical signs consisted of worsening of the patient's general condition, negacervical lymphadenopathy, night sweats, dyspnea, and superficial inflammation of the right mamma. FINDINGS A contrast-enhanced CT scan of the neck, thorax and abdomen revealed a generalized enlargement of the cervical, axillar, mediastinal and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, multiple intrapulmonary nodular lesions with a diameter of up to 6 mm, and a substantial right-sided pleural effusion. COURSE OF DISEASE Under the assumption of reactivation of a lymph node tuberculosis, the patient was initially treated with an extended tuberculostatic therapy. Because of disease progression another lymph node biopsy was performed revealing Hodgkin's disease of mixed-cellularity type with a partly histiocytic necrotizing, partly tuberculoid reaction. The biopsy was negative for acid-fast bacilli. Thereupon initiated chemotherapy according to the ABVD protocol led to a rapid amelioration of the clinical symptoms. CONCLUSION In the clinical setting of suspected or confirmed lymph node tuberculosis malignant lymphoma should always be considered. This consideration is particular important since Hodgkin's disease is typically associated with a cellular immunosuppression predisposing the subject to tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Audebert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universität Regensburg, 93042 Regensburg.
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Audebert F, Chilton N, Justine JL, Gallut C, Tillier A, Durette-Desset MC. Additional molecular evidence to support a sister taxon relationship between Heligmosomoidea and Molineoidea nematodes (Trichostrongylina). Parasitol Res 2005; 96:343-6. [PMID: 15924218 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-005-1402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/15/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sequences of the first and second internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA were used to infer the evolutionary relationships of 19 species of parasitic nematode belonging to three superfamilies, Trichostrongyloidea, Molineoidea and Heligmosomoidea, within the sub-order Trichostrongylina. Analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods revealed strong statistical support for monophyly of each superfamily as defined on morphological criteria. Furthermore, in most analyses, there was also strong support for a sister taxon relationship between the Molineoidea and Heligmosomoidea, which supports the findings of a previous study based on partial LSU rDNA sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7138 associée au CNRS, BP 52, 61, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Audebert F, Cassone J, Kerboeuf D, Durette-Desset MC. Development of Nematodirus spathiger (Nematoda, Molineoidea) in the rabbit and comparison with other Nematodirus spp parasites of ruminants. Parasitol Res 2004; 94:112-7. [PMID: 15316773 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-004-1180-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The morphogenesis and chronology of the life cycle of Nematodirus spathiger (Railliet, 1896), a parasite of ruminants, were studied in detail in an experimental host. Twenty-four worm-free rabbits were each infected per os with N. spathiger larvae and were killed at 12 h after infection (12 HAI) and every day from 1 DAI to 23 DAI. By 12 HAI, all the larvae were exsheathed and present in the small intestine. The third moult occurred between 4 DAI and 5 DAI. The last moult occurred between 13 DAI and 16 DAI. The prepatent period lasted 21-24 days. The distribution of N. spathiger along the small intestine of the rabbit was assessed. The chronology of the life cycles was compared for various Nematodirus spp from ruminants in their natural hosts and in the rabbit (N. battus, N. spathiger).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Département Systématique et Evolution, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, UMR 7138 associée au CNRS, CP52, 75231 Cedex 05 Paris, France
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Karrasch T, Weil M, Voltz R, Schulz C, Audebert F, Woenckhaus M, Hofstädter F, Bogdahn U, Schölmerich J, Schäffler A, Steinbrecher A. ["Tingling feet," forgetfulness, and progressive personality changes in a 63-year-old patient]. Internist (Berl) 2004; 45:341-6. [PMID: 14997311 DOI: 10.1007/s00108-003-1115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 63-year-old female was admitted to the hospital with leg and forearm paresthesias. We found progressive ataxia, dementia, and psychosocial deterioration. The clinical symptoms, the neurologic and psychiatric abnormalities together with the inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid alteration and the cerebral magnetic resonance imaging changes suggested a paraneoplastic etiology. It was confirmed by paraneoplastic antineuronal antibodies in the patient's serum and the histological diagnosis of a small cell bronchial carcinoma. The prognosis of patients with paraneoplastic symptoms is the better the earlier a diagnosis is established and antitumor therapy is initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karrasch
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universität Regensburg,
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Audebert F, Cassone J, Kerboeuf D, Durette-Desset MC. Development of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus, parasites of ruminants in the rabbit and comparison with Trichostrongylus retortaeformis. Parasitol Res 2003; 90:57-63. [PMID: 12743805 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-002-0820-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2002] [Accepted: 11/28/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The parasitic phase of development of both Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus, parasites of ruminants, was studied in detail in the rabbit. In T. colubriformis, the third moult appeared by 4 days after infection (DAI) and the last moult occurred between 10 and 11 DAI. In T. vitrinus, the third moult occurred between 8 and 11 DAI and the last one between 12 and 15 DAI. The prepatent period lasted 16-17 days for T. colubriformis and 20 days for T. vitrinus. The chronology of the life cycles and the distribution of the parasites along the small intestine for various Trichostrongylus spp. from lagomorphs and ruminants in the natural host or in the experimental host were compared. All of these biological parameters indicated a lower level of adaptation of T. vitrinus compared to the other species of Trichostrongylus. The results are fully compatible with the evolutionary scheme based on morphological analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie et Helminthologie, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Audebert F, Vuong PN, Durette-Desset MC. Intestinal migrations of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Trichostrongylina, Trichostrongylidae) in the rabbit. Vet Parasitol 2003; 112:131-46. [PMID: 12581591 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Observations were made on histological sections of the stomach and small intestine of seven rabbits infected with Trichostrongylus retortaeformis and from one uninfected control rabbit. At 12h post-infection, larvae were found in the small intestine. At first, only a few larvae were observed entering the mucosa through capillaries of the stroma of villi; the majority of larvae remained in the intestinal lumen, within mucus of the crypts. We consider that the presence of the worms in the stroma is the result of a larval migration. From a phyletic point of view, this migration is interpreted as an ancestral memory of the pulmonary migration seen in the primitive Strongylida.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, Protistologie et Helminthologie, CNRS FR 63, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Audebert F, Hoste H, Durette-Desset MC. Life cycle of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis in its natural host, the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). J Helminthol 2002; 76:189-92. [PMID: 12363370 DOI: 10.1079/joh2002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chronology of the life cycle of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) is studied in its natural host Oryctolagus cuniculus. The free living period lasted 5 days at 24 degrees C. Worm-free rabbits were each infected per os with T. retortaeformis larvae. Rabbits were killed at 12 h post-infection (p.i.) and every day from one day to 13 days p.i. By 12 h p.i., all the larvae were exsheathed and in the small intestine. The third moult occurred between 3 and 5 days p.i. and the last moult between 4 and 7 days p.i. The prepatent period lasted 12 to 13 days. The patent period lasted five and a half months. The four known life cycles of species of Trichostrongylus in ruminants were compared with that of T. retortaeformis. No significant difference was found except in the duration of the prepatent period. These similarities in the life cycles confirm the previously formulated hypotheses on the relationship between the parasites of the two host groups (Durette-Desset, 1985).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Laboratoire de Biologie parasitaire, Protistologie et Helminthologie, CNRS FR 63, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 61 rue de Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France
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Affiliation(s)
- J Langgartner
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center, University of Regensburg, Germany
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Audebert F, Cassone J, Baccam D, Kerboeuf D, Durette-Desset MC. The life cycle of Ohbayashinema erbaevae (Nematoda, Heligmosomoidea, Heligmosomidae) in Ochotona rufescens rufescens (Ochotonidae). Parasite 2001; 8:325-33. [PMID: 11802269 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2001084325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphogenesis and the chronology of the life cycle of Ohbayashinema erbaevoe Durette-Desset et al, 2000, a parasite of Ochotona daurica from Buriatia were studied in detail in an experimental host, Ochotona rufescens rufescens. Worm-free pikas were each infected per os with O. erbaevae larvae and were killed at one day post infection (DPI 1) and every 12 hours from 1.5 to 8 days post infection. By DPI 1, all the larvae were exsheathed and in the small intestine. The third moult occurred in 2.5-3.0 days. The last moult occurred in 4.0-4.5 days. The prepatent period was eight days and the patent period lasted between two and 12 weeks. The distribution of O. erbaevae along the small intestine of the pikas was assessed. For each experiment, a morphological description of the different stages of the life cycle was provided. The morphogenesis and the chronology of the life cycle of O. erbaevae appear to be identical with those of two other genera of the family of the Heligmosomidae, Heligmosomum Railliet & Henry, 1909 and Heligmosomoides Hall, 1916. They confirm that the three genera belong to the same family. The presence of an abortive posterior genital branch in the female of O. erbaevae, which represents the posterior part of the genital primordium of the didelphic females, supports the systematic position of the genus Ohbayashinema between the didelphic genus Citellinema Hall, 1916 and the monodelphic genera Heligmosomum and Heligmosomoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Laboratoire de Biologie parasitaire, Protistologie et Helminthologie et CNRS FR 63, Muséum national d'Histoire Naturelle, 61, rue de Buffon, 75231 Paris, France
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Audebert F, Cassone J, Hoste H, Durette-Desset MC. Morphogenesis and distribution of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis in the intestine of the rabbit. J Helminthol 2000; 74:95-107. [PMID: 10881279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The morphogenesis and the distribution along the digestive tract of Trichostrongylus retortaeformis(Zeder, 1800) (Nematoda) were studied in detail in one of its natural hosts, Oryctolagus cuniculus. Worm-free rabbits were each infected with T. retortaeformis larvae and were killed at 12 h post-infection (HPI) and on each day from 1 to 15 days post-infection (DPI). The distribution of worm populations along the small intestine was assessed. At the different dates of infection, more than 80% of the population was recovered from the first third of the intestine with more than 50% occurring in the first 30 cm. For each date, morphological descriptions of the different stages of the life cycle were also provided. In addition, adult worms collected from naturally infected rabbits from France were redescribed.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Laboratoire de Biologie parasitaire, Protistologie et Helminthologie, Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, associé au CNRS, 61, rue de Buffon, 75231, Paris cedex 05, France
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Audebert F, Durette-Desset MC, Chilton NB. Internal transcribed spacer rDNA can be used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of species within the genus Nematodirus (Nematoda: molineoidea). Int J Parasitol 2000; 30:187-91. [PMID: 10704601 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sequences of the first internal transcribed spacer rDNA were characterised for four veterinary important species of gastrointestinal nematodes from the genus Nematodirus. The sequence data were combined with previously published data of the second internal transcribed spacer to determine whether these rDNA regions provided a suitable number of informative characters to determine the phylogenetic relationships of species within the genus. A total of 32 alignment positions of the first internal transcribed spacer data set and 33 characters from the second internal transcribed spacer data set were informative in phylogenetic analyses. Irrespective of whether the data from each spacer were analysed separately or combined, only one most parsimonious tree was produced, with the relationships of the four species fully resolved. In addition, several regions of conservatism in the first internal transcribed spacer sequence among the four Nematodirus species suggests that this rDNA region may also provide phylogenetic information for higher taxonomic levels within the Molineoidea.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Laboratoire de Biologie Parasitaire, 61 rue Buffon, 75231, Paris, France
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Rivière G, Choumet V, Audebert F, Sabouraud A, Debray M, Scherrmann JM, Bon C. Effect of antivenom on venom pharmacokinetics in experimentally envenomed rabbits: toward an optimization of antivenom therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997; 281:1-8. [PMID: 9103473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Antivenomous immunotherapy is still used empirically. To improve the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy, we studied the effects of administering antivenom antibodies (F(ab')2) on the pharmacokinetics of the Vipera aspis venom in rabbits. Free venom levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and total concentrations were quantified by measuring the radioactivity of trichloroacetic acid-precipitable radioiodinated venom. The intravenous infusion of 125 mg of antivenom 7 h after intramuscular injection with 700 microg x kg(-1) of V. aspis venom produced a redistribution of the venom antigens from the extravascular to the vascular space. Moreover, anti-venom antibodies were able to neutralize the totality of venom antigens in the vascular space, because no free plasma venom was detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay within 15 min after antivenom injection. Similar effects were obtained after injection of 25 mg of antivenom; however, the venom was only partially neutralized with lower doses (5 and 2.5 mg). We further established that intravenous injection is the most efficient route for antivenom administration, and we examined the effects of early and late immunotherapy. Finally, the efficacy of Fab antibodies was compared with that of F(ab')2; the plasma redistribution and the immunoneutralization of the venom were lower than those induced after injection of the same dose of F(ab')2. The difference between the effects of F(ab')2 and Fab could be explained by the differential pharmacokinetics of the two fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rivière
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Audebert F, Bon C, Choumet V, Rivière G, Robbe-Vincent A, Sorkine M, Sabouraud A, Scherrmann JM, Urtizberea M. New approaches in antivenom therapy. Toxicon 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(96)80971-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Choumet V, Audebert F, Rivière G, Sorkine M, Urtizberea M, Sabouraud A, Scherrmann JM, Bon C. New approaches in antivenom therapy. Adv Exp Med Biol 1996; 391:515-20. [PMID: 8726087 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4613-0361-9_42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Choumet
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Choumet V, Audebert F, Riviere G, Sorkine M, Urtizberea M, Sabouraud A, Scherrmann JM, Bon C. Toxicokinetics of envenomations and anlivenom therapy. Toxicon 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(95)93818-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
1. A second inquiry was conducted in France to collect more accurate epidemiological, clinical and biological data from patients hospitalized after a viper bite, as well as treatment that they received. Fifty-seven well documented cases were classified in four grades of increasing severity defined according to the clinical signs of envenomation. 2. Local and systemic signs of envenomation appeared during the first 3 h, but the severity of the envenomation was observed to increase during the 12-24 h following bites in 50% of moderate and severe cases. One fatal case was reported. Biological analysis revealed an hyperleukocytosis in patients with moderate and severe envenomations. 3. The average length of hospitalization was of 1.7 +/- 1.3 days for patients without signs of envenomation (grade 0) or presenting a minimal envenomation (grade 1), and statistically longer, 6.2 +/- 2.9 days, for patients presenting moderate (grade 2) or severe envenomation (grade 3). 4. Levels of venom antigens in serum samples regularly collected during hospitalization were determined by a sandwich ELISA test. The serum venom levels determined during the first 4 h following the bite correlated with the severity of the envenomation when the symptoms were determined at their worst, usually 12-24 h later. In fact, concentrations higher than 20 ng ml-1 predict a moderate or severe clinical evolution. 5. The pharmacokinetics of venom antigens was also investigated during human envenomations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Audebert F, Urtizberea M, Sabouraud A, Scherrmann JM, Bon C. Pharmacokinetics of Vipera aspis venom after experimental envenomation in rabbits. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1994; 268:1512-7. [PMID: 8138962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxicokinetic studies of Vipera aspis venom were performed in rabbits after experimental envenomation. Venom proteins with a molecular weight greater than 6 kDa (high-molecular weight proteins) and which reacted in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with specific antiviper venom Fab'2, were also responsible for the lethal potency and the capillary permeability increasing activity of the venom. Conversely, low-molecular weight proteins were not detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and were pharmacologically inactive. The toxicokinetics of both classes of venom components were studied, using high-molecular weight and low-molecular weight radiolabeled proteins as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. After intravenous injection, Vipera aspis venom in plasma followed a biexponential decline with a distribution half-life of 0.7 hr and an elimination half-life of 12 hr. The distribution volume was 1.2 l.kg-1 and the systemic clearance was 84 ml.hr-1.kg-1. Venom levels in plasma after intramuscular injection of three doses (300, 500 and 700 micrograms/kg) of venom increased within the few hours after the venom administration to reach maximal values proportional to the injected doses. They subsequently followed a monoexponential decline, with an apparent terminal half-life of 32.5 hr. Absorption was a kinetically complex process, rapid during the first 24 hr and continued at a slower rate over the subsequent 72 hr. Bioavailability of venom was about 65%, regardless of the administered dose, and less than 5% of venom injected was excreted by the renal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantitate venom antigens in human serum and urine, and thus to help evaluate the severity of envenomation due to viper bites. This assay, which is performed with commercially available polyclonal Fab'2s in a double-sandwich method, is rapid, simple, and specific for antigens of European vipers (Vipera aspis, Vipera berus, and Vipera ammodytes). No cross-reactivity was observed with other snake venoms or human serum proteins. It showed a good linear response over a wide range of concentrations of venom antigens (from 1 to 100 ng/mL). It was very sensitive, with detection limits of 7 and 2 ng/mL for Vipera aspis venom in serum and urine, respectively. This ELISA is also easily reproducible; the coefficients of variation determined at different concentrations of venom (50, 25, and 5 ng/mL) did not exceed 10% in serum and 14% in urine samples collected from different donors. This test was applied to determine the concentrations of venom in the serum of patients bitten by a viper in France and to follow its elimination as a function of time. The method is adaptable to other venoms by using other specific immunoglobulins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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Abstract
Viper bites are frequent in France but the evaluation of the severity of envenomings and consequently patient treatment has not yet been properly evaluated. The purpose of this study was to measure venom antigens in blood and/or urine of bitten patients and to establish a quantitative relationship with clinical observations. A prospective enquiry was conducted in 1990 in France to collect epidemiological, clinical and biological data from hospitals. Urine and blood samples were tested for their content of Vipera aspis venom antigens by a sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). One hundred and two charts were analysed, from patients presenting documented viper bites. Oedema was the prominent local feature (81 cases). Systemic signs consisted of vomiting and/or diarrhoea (22 cases), slight or severe hypotension (15 cases), shock (2 cases) and bleeding (1 case). A relationship was observed between these systemic signs and the extent of the oedema, which permitted the establishment of a grading scale. Grade 0 (no envenoming) was identified by fang marks and absence of oedema and local reaction; grade 1 (mild envenoming) by local oedema and absence of systemic symptoms; grade 2 (moderate envenoming) by regional oedema and moderate systemic symptoms; and grade 3 (severe envenoming) by extensive oedema and severe systemic symptoms. Quantification of venom antigens in blood or urine of patients by ELISA revealed a significant correlation between clinical signs of envenoming and the level of venom antigens in blood or urine. This indicated that the ELISA test is a useful and predictive tool for clinically grading viper envenomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Audebert
- Unité des Venins, Institut Pasteur/INSERM 285, Paris, France
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