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Umhang G, Frantz AC, Ferté H, Fournier Chambrillon C, Gautrelet M, Gritti T, Thenon N, Le Loc'h G, Isère-Laoué E, Egal F, Caillot C, Lippert S, Heddergott M, Fournier P, Richomme C. Surveys on Baylisascaris procyonis in two of the three French wild raccoon populations. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2024; 23:100928. [PMID: 38586580 PMCID: PMC10998084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2024.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Human infection by Baylisascaris procyonis can result in larva migrans syndromes, which can cause severe neurological sequelae and fatal cases. The raccoon serves as the definitive host of the nematode, harboring adult worms in its intestine and excreting millions of eggs into the environment via its feces. Transmission to paratenic hosts (such as rodents, birds and rabbits) or to humans occurs by accidental ingestion of eggs. The occurrence of B. procyonis in wild raccoons has been reported in several Western European countries. In France, raccoons have currently established three separate and expanding populations as a result of at least three independent introductions. Until now the presence of B. procyonis in these French raccoon populations has not been investigated. Between 2011 and 2021, 300 raccoons were collected from both the south-western and north-eastern populations. The core parts of the south-western and north-eastern French raccoon populations were free of B. procyonis. However, three worms (molecularly confirmed) were detected in a young raccoon found at the edge of the north-eastern French raccoon population, close to the Belgian and Luxemburg borders. Population genetic structure analysis, genetic exclusion tests and factorial correspondence analysis all confirmed that the infected raccoon originated from the local genetic population, while the same three approaches showed that the worms were genetically distinct from the two nearest known populations in Germany and the Netherlands. The detection of an infected raccoon sampled east of the northeastern population raises strong questions about the routes of introduction of the roundworms. Further studies are required to test wild raccoons for the presence of B. procyonis in the area of the index case and further east towards the border with Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzeville, France
| | | | - Hubert Ferté
- Université de Reims Champagne–Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Manon Gautrelet
- Université de Reims Champagne–Ardenne, Reims, France
- GREGE, Villandraut, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabien Egal
- Association Départementale des Piégeurs Agréés de Gironde, Mongauzy, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzeville, France
| | | | | | | | - Céline Richomme
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzeville, France
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Malik Da Silva A, Afonso E, Raoul F, Giraudoux P, Mergey M, Umhang G, Courquet S, Rieffel D, Millon L, Knapp J. Assessing the role of individual foxes in environmental contamination with Echinococcus multilocularis through faecal samples. Int J Parasitol 2024:S0020-7519(24)00053-5. [PMID: 38460722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2024.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Key parasite transmission parameters are difficult to obtain from elusive wild animals. For Echinococcus multilocularis, the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis (AE), the red fox is responsible for most of the environmental contamination in Europe. The identification of individual spreaders of E. multilocularis environmental contamination is crucial to improving our understanding of the ecology of parasite transmission in areas of high endemicity and optimising the effectiveness of prevention and control measures in the field. Genetic faecal sampling appears to be a feasible method to gain information about the faecal deposition of individual animals. We conducted a 4 year faecal sampling study in a village that is highly endemic for E. multilocularis, to assess the feasibility of individual identification and sexing of foxes to describe individual infection patterns. Individual fox identification from faecal samples was performed by obtaining reliable genotypes from 14 microsatellites and one sex locus, coupled with the detection of E. multilocularis DNA, first using captive foxes and then by environmental sampling. From a collection of 386 fox stools collected between 2017 and 2020, tested for the presence of E. multilocularis DNA, 180 were selected and 124 samples were successfully genotyped (68.9%). In total, 45 unique individual foxes were identified and 26 associated with at least one sample which tested positive for E. multilocularis (Em(+)). Estimation of the population size showed the fox population to be between 29 and 34 individuals for a given year and 67 individuals over 4 years. One-third of infected individuals (9/26 Em(+) foxes) deposited 2/3 of the faeces which tested positive for E. multilocularis (36/60 Em(+) stools). Genetic investigation showed a significantly higher average number of multiple stools for females than males, suggesting that the two sexes potentially defecated unequally in the studied area. Three partially overlapping clusters of fox faeces were found, with one cluster concentrating 2/3 of the total E. multilocularis-positive faeces. Based on these findings, we estimated that 12.5 million E. multilocularis eggs were produced during the study period, emphasizing the high contamination level of the environment and the risk of exposure faced by the parasite hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Malik Da Silva
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Eve Afonso
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marina Mergey
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp. Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Agricultural and Veterinary Technopole, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Sandra Courquet
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Dominique Rieffel
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement Laboratory, University of Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France.
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Nocerino M, Pepe P, Bosco A, Ciccone E, Maurelli MP, Boué F, Umhang G, Pellegrini J, Lahmar S, Said Y, Sotiraki S, Ligda P, Laatamna A, Saralli G, Paciello O, Alterisio MC, Rinaldi L. An innovative strategy for deworming dogs in Mediterranean areas highly endemic for cystic echinococcosis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38395867 PMCID: PMC10893745 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, is a zoonotic parasitic disease of economic and public health importance worldwide, especially in the Mediterranean area. Canids are the main definitive hosts of the adult cestode contaminating the environment with parasite eggs released with feces. In rural and peri-urban areas, the risk of transmission to livestock as well as humans is high because of the free-roaming behavior of owned/not owned dogs. Collecting data on animal movements and behavior using GPS dataloggers could be a milestone to contain the spread of this parasitosis. Thus, this study aims to develop a comprehensive control strategy, focused on deworming a dog population in a pilot area of southern Italy (Campania region) highly endemic for CE. METHODS Accordingly, five sheep farms, tested to be positive for CE, were selected. In each sheep farm, all shepherd dogs present were treated every 2 months with praziquantel. Furthermore, 15 GPS dataloggers were applied to sheep and dogs, and their movements were tracked for 1 month; the distances that they traveled and their respective home ranges were determined using minimum convex polygon (MCP) analysis with a convex hull geometry as output. RESULTS The results showed that the mean daily walking distances traveled by sheep and dogs did not significantly differ. Over 90% of the point locations collected by GPS fell within 1500 mt of the farm, and the longest distances were traveled between 10:00 and 17:00. In all the sheep farms monitored, the area traversed by the animals during their daily activities showed an extension of < 250 hectares. Based on the home range of the animals, the area with the highest risk of access from canids (minimum safe convex polygon) was estimated around the centroid of each farm, and a potential scheme for the delivery of praziquantel-laced baits for the treatment of not owned dogs gravitating around the grazing area was designed. CONCLUSIONS This study documents the usefulness of geospatial technology in supporting parasite control strategies to reduce disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nocerino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Pepe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy.
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Elena Ciccone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Maurelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Justine Pellegrini
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife Diseases, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, BP 40009, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Samia Lahmar
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Univ., Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Yousra Said
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie, École Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire, 2020 Sidi Thabet, Univ., Manouba, Tunisie
| | - Smaragda Sotiraki
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiota Ligda
- Veterinary Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation-Demeter, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - AbdElkarim Laatamna
- Laboratory of Exploration and Valorization of Steppic Ecosystems, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Djelfa, Moudjbara Road, BP 3117, Djelfa, Algeria
| | - Giorgio Saralli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana M. Aleandri, Rome, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Alterisio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR, 80137, Naples, Italy
- Regional Reference Centre for Animal Health (CRESAN), Naples, Campania Region, Italy
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Umhang G, Duchamp C, Boucher JM, Caillot C, Legras L, Demerson JM, Lucas J, Gauthier D, Boué F. Gray wolves as sentinels for the presence of Echinococcus spp. and other gastrointestinal parasites in France. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:101-107. [PMID: 37780970 PMCID: PMC10539616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the gray wolf population has recovered in France, initially to wolves from Italy passing through the Alps. The population is carefully monitored, but little information is available on their helminth fauna, which includes parasites of public health importance: Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Capitalizing on the availability of 911 fecal samples collected for the noninvasive genetic monitoring of French wolf populations, along with the intestines from 15 dead wolves, the presence of Echinococcus species among others helminth species was evaluated in French wolves. A copro-PCR approach amplifying a large spectrum of parasites was used for fecal samples while intestines were analyzed using SCT. The fecal occurrences of E. granulosus sensu stricto (2.4%) and E. multilocularis (0.3%), and indeedother parasitic species, are similar to those of other European wolf populations including Taenia hydatigena (7.2%), Taenia krabbei (2.4%), Uncinaria stenocephala (2.4%), Mesocestoides litteratus (1.9%), Taenia ovis (0.3%), Taenia multiceps (0.1%), and Toxascaris leonina (0.1%). The three most abundant species were also found in the intestines. Infections by E. granulosus sensu stricto are in accordance with the overlap of wolf pack areas and sheep breeding pastoral units. However, the wolf does not appear to play a significant role in the lifecycle of E. granulosus sensu stricto. The availability of this opportunistic fecal sampling of wolves in southeastern France means that they can be used as sentinels for the surveillance of E. multilocularis in the context of its southward expansion observed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Duchamp
- OFB (French Biodiversity Agency), Research Department, Predator and Depredator Unit, Gap, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Léo Legras
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Michel Demerson
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jérémie Lucas
- OFB (French Biodiversity Agency), Research Department, Predator and Depredator Unit, Gap, France
| | | | - Franck Boué
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Miljević M, Rajičić M, Umhang G, Bajić B, Bjelić Čabrilo O, Budinski I, Blagojević J. Cryptic species Hydatigera kamiyai and other taeniid metacestodes in the populations of small mammals in Serbia. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:250. [PMID: 37491284 PMCID: PMC10369706 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hydatigera (Cestoda: Taeniidae) is a recently resurrected genus with the description of a new species, Hydatigera kamiyai, a cryptic entity within the Hydatigera taeniaeformis species complex. Rodents are intermediate hosts and correct taxonomic identification of H. taeniaeformis sensu lato (s.l.) species is difficult without the use of molecular methods. The aim of this study was to identify and explore the genetic diversity of Hydatigera and other taeniid species. METHODS Ten different small mammals species (856 individuals) (Rattus rattus, three Apodemus, three Arvicolinae and three Soricidae species) were examined from 2013 to 2023. Captured animals were visually examined for cysts and visible lesions. Two markers were used for amplification and sequencing: cox1 and 12S rDNA. RESULTS Molecular analysis of cysts and visible lesions revealed four taeniid species: Hydatigera kamiyai, H. taeniaeformis sensu stricto (s.s.), Taenia martis and T. crassiceps. Hydatigera kamiyai was found in Apodemus flavicollis, A. agrarius, Microtus arvalis and Crocidrua leucodon, while H. taeniaeformis s.s. is registered in R. rattus. Hydatigera kamiyai cox1 sequences clustered with European populations and showed at least 25 nucleotid differences compared to Asian, African, Australian and one of our isolates of H. taeniaeformis s.s acquired from a rat, followed by large sequence distances (9.4% to 12.9%), indicating clear molecular distinction of two species. CONCLUSIONS This is one of the few mitochondrial gene-based studies performed after the description of cryptic entities within the Hydatigera taeniaeformis s.l. complex and represents a valuable contribution to understanding of genetic diversity, host suitability and geographic distribution of these tapeworm species. Also, our study provides an important basis of molecular data from this part of Europe for further studies. We emphasize the importance of additional studies of intermediate hosts, especially rats from Europe and Apodemus spp. and voles from Asia and Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Miljević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Rajičić
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus Spp, ANSES, Technopôle Agricole Et Vétérinaire, 40009, 54220, Malzéville, CS, France
| | - Branka Bajić
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Bjelić Čabrilo
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivana Budinski
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Blagojević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Knapp J, Lallemand S, Monnien F, Felix S, Courquet S, Umhang G, Millon L. Real-time multiplex PCR for human echinococcosis and differential diagnosis. Parasite 2023; 30:3. [PMID: 36700708 PMCID: PMC9886084 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular identification of rare human infectious pathogens appears to be one of the most relevant current methods for rapid diagnosis and management of patients. PCR techniques, in particular real-time quantitative PCR, are best suited for the detection of DNA from the pathogens, even at low concentrations. Echinococcosis infections are due to helminths of the Echinococcus genus, with closely related species involved in parasitic lesions affecting animals and, accidentally, humans. We developed a multiplex qPCR (MLX qPCR) assay allowing for the detection of four Echinococcus species involved in Europe in alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and cystic echinococcosis (CE) (Echinococcus multilocularis, E. granulosus sensu stricto, E. ortleppi, and E. canadensis), based on short mitochondrial targets. A collection of 81 fresh and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) of AE and CE lesions was assembled. The qPCR assays were performed in triplex for Echinococcus spp. detection, associated with a qPCR inhibitor control. A duplex qPCR was also designed to enable diagnosis of two other dead-end helminthiases (cysticercosis (Taenia solium), and toxocariasis (Toxocara cati and T. canis)). The sensitivity of the qPCR was assessed and ranged from 1 to 5 × 10-4 ng/μL (seven PCR assays positive), corresponding to 37-42 cycles for quantifiable DNA. The specificity was 100% for all the targets. This multiplex qPCR, adapted to low amounts of DNA can be implemented in the laboratory for the rapid molecular diagnosis of Echinococcosis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon 25030 Besançon France,UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté 16 Route de Gray 25030 Besançon France,Corresponding author:
| | - Séverine Lallemand
- UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté 16 Route de Gray 25030 Besançon France
| | - Franck Monnien
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon 25030 Besançon France
| | - Sophie Felix
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Besançon 25030 Besançon France
| | - Sandra Courquet
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon 25030 Besançon France,UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté 16 Route de Gray 25030 Besançon France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire 54220 Malzéville France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon 25030 Besançon France,UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, University of Franche-Comté 16 Route de Gray 25030 Besançon France
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Umhang G, Bastien M, Bastid V, Poulle ML, Boué F. High variability in the number of E. multilocularis eggs in cat feces collected in the field. Parasitol Int 2022; 89:102583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Umhang G, Richomme C, Caillot C, Bastid V, Boucher JM, Moyen JL, Novella C, Richoux B, Davoust B, Boué F. Towards delimitation of the Echinococcus multilocularis parasite's southernmost range in France. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2022; 30:100724. [PMID: 35431062 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2022.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe, potentially fatal, parasitic disease caused by ingestion of microscopic eggs of Echinococcus multilocularis. The lifecycle of the parasite is essentially sylvatic, and based on a prey-predator relationship between red foxes and small rodents. A westward expansion from the eastern historical focus has been reported in France, though the parasite has also been detected in the southern Alps. While the focus in the Auvergne region (central France) was described in the 1980s, the southern delimitation of the actual endemic area, especially in the south, was unknown in the absence of dedicated surveys. Red fox samples were collected from 2013 to 2020 in the framework of other transversal epidemiological studies in five sampling areas from southwestern and southeastern France. One hundred and seven intestines were analysed by SSCT, and 221 faecal samples from intestines were analysed by copro-qPCR. None of the 328 foxes exhibited E. multilocularis worms or DNA. Although the presence of E. multilocularis cannot be totally excluded in the departments from the study areas, the sample size tested argues for an absence of the parasite in these studied areas, which is in accordance with the currently known endemic situation in France. These new data are helpful in determining the southernmost limit of E. multilocularis distribution in France. The warm, dry Mediterranean climate in the southeastern areas is less favourable to the transmission of E. multilocularis and especially to the survival of eggs in the environment than the climate in the French Alps or Liguria (Italy) climate where the parasite is present. The intermediate area between the southwestern study areas and the historical focus of Auvergne, which is separated by around 150 km, will be investigated in the coming years. Moreover, an ongoing national surveillance programme on E. multilocularis in foxes is targeting French departements along the edge of the known endemic area both in the southeast and southwest. The data produced will supplement the results of this study, thus greatly helping to define the current distribution of E. multilocularis in France and to target prevention measures to reduce human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | - Céline Richomme
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Louis Moyen
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyse et de Recherche de la Dordogne (LDAR24), 24660 Coulounieix-Chamiers, France
| | | | - Bruno Richoux
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyse de la Charente (LDA16), France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Animal Epidemiology Expert Group, French Military Health Service, Tours, France; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Franck Boué
- Anses, Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Casulli A, Massolo A, Saarma U, Umhang G, Santolamazza F, Santoro A. Species and genotypes belonging to Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato complex causing human cystic echinococcosis in Europe (2000-2021): a systematic review. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:109. [PMID: 35346335 PMCID: PMC8962544 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05197-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to fill a gap of knowledge by providing a quantitative measure of molecularly identified species and genotypes belonging to Echinococcus granulosussensu lato (s.l.) causing human cystic echinococcosis (CE) in Europe during the period 2000–2021. As these species and genotypes are characterized by genetic, animal host and geographical differences, studying the E. granulosuss.l. complex is epidemiologically relevant. Methods A systematic review (SR) was conducted on the basis of both scientific and grey literature considering primary studies between 2000 and 2021 in four databases. From a total of 1643 scientific papers, 51 records were included in the SR. The main inclusion criterion for this study was the molecular confirmation of E. granulosuss.l. at the genotype/species level as a causative agent of human CE cases in selected European countries. Results Relevant data were obtained from 29 out of 39 eligible European countries. This SR identified 599 human molecularly confirmed echinococcal cysts: 460 (76.8%) identified as E. granulosussensu stricto (s.s.), 130 (21.7%) as E. canadensis cluster (G6/7 and G10), 7 (1.2%) as E. ortleppi (G5), and 2 as E. vogeli (0.3%). Three geographical hotspots of human CE caused by different species of the E. granulosuss.l. complex were identified: (1) E. granulosuss.s. in Southern and South-eastern Europe (European-Mediterranean and Balkan countries); (2) E. canadensis (G6/7) in Central and Eastern Europe; (3) E. ortleppi in Central and Western Europe. This SR also identified data gaps that prevented a better definition of the geographical distribution of the Echinococcus granulosuss.l. species complex in Europe: western Balkan countries, part of Central Europe, and Baltic countries. Conclusions These results mandate longitudinal, multi-centre, intersectoral and transdisciplinary studies which consider both molecular and clinical epidemiology in animals and humans. Such studies would be valuable for a better understanding of the transmission of the E. granulosuss.l. species complex and their potential clinical impact on humans. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05197-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy. .,European Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Massolo
- Department of Biology, Ethology Unit, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besancon, France
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses LRFSN, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus Spp, Malzéville, France
| | - Federica Santolamazza
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,European Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Azzurra Santoro
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy.,European Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore Di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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10
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Da Silva AM, Bastien M, Umhang G, Boué F, Bastid V, Boucher JM, Caillot C, de Garam CP, Renault C, Faisse M, Courquet S, Scalabrino V, Millon L, Knapp J, Poulle ML. Soil contamination by Echinococcus multilocularis in rural and urban vegetable gardens in relation to fox, cat and dog faecal deposits. Parasite 2021; 28:74. [PMID: 34723788 PMCID: PMC8559720 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2021073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis eggs are deposited on the ground with the faeces of the carnivore definitive hosts. A reliable assessment of the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis eggs in environments used by humans is crucial for the prevention of alveolar echinococcosis (AE). This study was conducted in 192 rural and 71 urban vegetable gardens in AE endemic areas of north-eastern France. Its objective was to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of E. multilocularis estimated from the collection and molecular analysis of two types of samples: faeces and soil. A total of 1024 carnivore faeces and 463 soil samples were collected and analysed by real-time PCR. No fox droppings and no positive soil samples were collected from the urban gardens. Positive soil samples, positive carnivore faeces, or both, were found in 42%, 24% and 6% of the sampled rural gardens, respectively. No significant association was found between the detection of E. multilocularis in soil samples collected from 50 gardens during a single sampling session and the extent and frequency of deposits of fox and cat faeces collected during repeated sampling sessions conducted in the previous months. In 19/50 gardens, E. multilocularis was detected in the soil while no positive faeces had been collected in the previous 12 months. Conversely, in 8/50 gardens, no soil samples were positive although positive faeces had been collected in the previous months. Collecting and analysing faeces provide information on soil contamination at a given time, while analysing soil samples provides an overview of long-term contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou Malik Da Silva
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Matthieu Bastien
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France - Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims Cedex, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Carine Peytavin de Garam
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Camille Renault
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Marine Faisse
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France - ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Sandra Courquet
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Scalabrino
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- Chrono-Environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 Aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- Epidémio-Surveillance et Circulation des Parasites dans les Environnements (ESCAPE), EA 7510, CAP SANTE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51095 Reims Cedex, France - CERFE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
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11
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Umhang G, Bastid V, Avcioglu H, Bagrade G, Bujanić M, Bjelić Čabrilo O, Casulli A, Dorny P, van der Giessen J, Guven E, Harna J, Karamon J, Kharchenko V, Knapp J, Kolarova L, Konyaev S, Laurimaa L, Losch S, Miljević M, Miterpakova M, Moks E, Romig T, Saarma U, Snabel V, Sreter T, Valdmann H, Boué F. Unravelling the genetic diversity and relatedness of Echinococcus multilocularis isolates in Eurasia using the EmsB microsatellite nuclear marker. Infect Genet Evol 2021; 92:104863. [PMID: 33857665 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a severe helminthic zoonotic disease distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. The lifecycle of the parasite is mainly sylvatic, involving canid and rodent hosts. The absence of genetic data from most eastern European countries is a major knowledge gap, affecting the study of associations with parasite populations in Western Europe. In this study, EmsB microsatellite genotyping of E. multilocularis was performed to describe the genetic diversity and relatedness of 785 E. multilocularis isolates from four western and nine eastern European countries, as well as from Armenia and the Asian parts of Russia and Turkey. The presence of the same E. multilocularis populations in the Benelux resulting from expansion from the historical Alpine focus can be deduced from the main profiles shared between these countries. All 33 EmsB profiles obtained from 528 samples from the nine eastern European countries belonged to the European clade, except one Asian profile form Ryazan Oblast, Russia. The expansion of E. multilocularis seems to have progressed from the historical Alpine focus through Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and southern Poland towards Latvia and Estonia. Most of the samples from Asia belong to the Asian clade, with one EmsB profile shared between Armenia and Turkey, and two between Turkey and Russia. However, two European profiles were described from two foxes in Turkey, including one harboring worms from both European and Asian clades. Three EmsB profiles from three Russian samples were associated with the Arctic clade. Two E. multilocularis profiles from rodents from Lake Baikal belonged to the Mongolian clade, described for the first time here using EmsB. Further worldwide studies on the genetic diversity of E. multilocularis using both mitochondrial sequencing and EmsB genotyping are needed to understand the distribution and expansion of the various clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Anses LRFSN, 54220 Malzéville, France.
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Anses LRFSN, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Hamza Avcioglu
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Guna Bagrade
- Wildlife management, Latvian State Forest Research Institute "Silava", 111 Rigas str., LV-2169 Salaspils, Latvia
| | - Miljenko Bujanić
- University of Zagreb, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Oliveira Bjelić Čabrilo
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Veterinary Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721, MA, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Esin Guven
- Ataturk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jiri Harna
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Jakoubka ze Stribra 1, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Vitaliy Kharchenko
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, vul. B. Khmelnyts'kogo, 15, Kyiv 01030, Ukraine
| | - Jenny Knapp
- UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Libuse Kolarova
- National Reference Laboratory for Tissue Helminthoses, Institute for Immunology and Microbiology of the First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 7, CZ-128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Sergey Konyaev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Leidi Laurimaa
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Serge Losch
- Laboratory of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Services Administration, Ministry of Agriculture, Viticulture and rural Development, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Milan Miljević
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Martina Miterpakova
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Science, Hlinkova 3040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Epp Moks
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit 190p, Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 34, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viliam Snabel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Science, Hlinkova 3040 01, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Tamas Sreter
- National Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Fish and Bee Diseases, Directorate of Food Chain Safety Laboratories, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1095 Budapest, Mester utca 81, Hungary
| | - Harri Valdmann
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Franck Boué
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Anses LRFSN, 54220 Malzéville, France
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12
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Umhang G, Demerson JM, Legras L, Boucher JM, Peytavin de Garam C, Bastid V, Vannard E, Pinot A, Giraudoux P, Boué F. Rodent control programmes can integrate Echinococcus multilocularis surveillance by facilitating parasite genotyping: the case of Arvicola terrestris voles screening in France. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1903-1908. [PMID: 33742248 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07126-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, the most serious parasitic disease for humans in Europe. In Europe, the E. multilocularis lifecycle is based on a prey-predator relationship between the red fox and small rodents. Over the last three decades, the surveillance of E. multilocularis infection in red foxes has led to the description of a wider distribution pattern across Europe. France constitutes the current European western border, but only the north-eastern half of the country is considered endemic. The red fox is the host mainly targeted in E. multilocularis surveillance programmes, but surveys targeting small rodents may be useful for obtaining molecular data, especially when the time-consuming trapping is already carried out in dedicated pest-control programmes. Here, we screened for parasitic lesions in the livers of 1238 Arvicola terrestris voles originating from the historical, but neglected focal area located in central France (Auvergne region) and from Hautes-Alpes, a recently identified endemic department in south-eastern France. This screening identified six voles infected with E. multilocularis in Hautes-Alpes and none in Puy-de-Dôme (Auvergne region) after molecular confirmation. The absence of infected rodents from Puy-de-Dôme can be mainly explained by the generally low prevalence reported in intermediate hosts. The infected Hautes-Alpes samples come all from the same trapping site situated at around 5 km from one of the three fox faecal samples with E. multilocularis DNA collected 15 years prior, thereby confirming the existence and persistence of the E. multilocularis lifecycle in the area. All the rodent E. multilocularis samples from Hautes-Alpes showed the same EmsB microsatellite marker profile. This profile has previously been described in Europe only in the Jura department (central eastern France), located at least 180 km further north. Successive migrations of infected foxes from the historical focal area, including from Jura, to Hautes-Alpes may explain the detection of the parasite in A. terrestris in Hautes-Alpes. Existing trapping efforts in areas where farmers trap A. terrestris for surveillance and pest control can be an effective complement to sampling foxes or fox faeces to obtain E. multilocularis molecular profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Demerson
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Léo Legras
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France.,Groupe Tétras Jura, 39370, Les Bouchoux, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Carine Peytavin de Garam
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Eric Vannard
- Parc national des Écrins, Secteur du Briançonnais, 05100, Briançon, France
| | - Adrien Pinot
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Rongeurs Sauvages Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, RS2GP, 69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Chrono-environment, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/CNRS, 25030, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, 54220, Malzéville, France
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13
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Umhang G, Knapp J, Wassermann M, Bastid V, Peytavin de Garam C, Boué F, Cencek T, Romig T, Karamon J. Asian Admixture in European Echinococcus multilocularis Populations: New Data From Poland Comparing EmsB Microsatellite Analyses and Mitochondrial Sequencing. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:620722. [PMID: 33521093 PMCID: PMC7843918 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.620722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of a severe zoonotic disease: alveolar echinococcosis (AE). The parasite is distributed over a vast area in northern Eurasia and North America, but the impact of AE on human health is highly uneven between different regions. One hypothetical reason for this difference in virulence may be the genetic structure of E. multilocularis which—based on mitochondrial sequences and EmsB microsatellite profiles—forms four distinct clades. These clades correspond approximately to their continents of origin: Asia, Europe, and North America, with a fourth clade apparently restricted to Mongolia and neighboring regions, even though this clade has not yet been described by EmsB genotyping. However, there are various records of genetic variants from the “wrong” region, e.g., “European” haplotypes in Western Canada, which may be the result of introduction or natural migration of host animals. One such example, prompting this study, is the recent record of an “Asian” mitochondrial haplotype in worms from foxes in Poland. At the time, this could not be confirmed by EmsB microsatellite analysis, a method that has proven to possess greater discriminatory power with the E. multilocularis nuclear genome than sequencing of mitochondrial markers. Therefore, worms collected from foxes in Poland were examined both by EmsB analysis and sequencing of the full mitochondrial cox1 gene in order to allocate the samples to the European or Asian cluster. Based on EmsB analyses of 349 worms from 97 Polish red foxes, 92% of the worms clearly showed “European-type” EmsB profiles, but 27 worms (8%) from seven foxes showed profiles that clustered with samples of Asian origin. According to cox1 sequences, a total of 18 worms from 8 foxes belonged to the Asian cluster of haplotypes. The two methods did not fully agree: only 13 worms from three foxes belonged to Asian clusters by both EmsB and cox1, whereas 18 worms from nine foxes belonged to different clusters, according to each marker. Cross-fertilization between worms of Asian origin and those from the European Polish population may explain these conflicting results. The presence of clearly Asian elements in the Polish E. multilocularis population could be the result of introduction of E. multilocularis with host animals (e.g., domestic dogs), or the migration of foxes. In the absence of genetic data from eastern European countries, especially those bordering Poland, it cannot be concluded whether this Asian admixture is typical for a larger area toward central/eastern Europe, or the Polish parasite population is the western extreme of a gradient where both European and Asian elements mingle. Further studies are needed on this subject, preferably using both mitochondrial sequencing and EmsB microsatellite analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, Université Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | | | - Vanessa Bastid
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Carine Peytavin de Garam
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Franck Boué
- Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Rabies and Wildlife Laboratory, ANSES, Malzéville, France
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
| | - Thomas Romig
- Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Pulawy, Poland
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14
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Khan A, Umhang G, Ullah Z, Boué F, Bastid V, Ullah I, Mahmood S, Afzal MS, Ahmed H. Investigation of Echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and dogs in Pakistan by detection of copro-DNA. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:731-737. [PMID: 33442815 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-07001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonosis caused by Echinococcus multilocularis, a heteroxenous parasite belonging to Cestoda class. AE is currently considered an important public health issue, but epidemiological and notably molecular data from several endemic countries, including Pakistan, are sparse. Here we report the first detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in wildlife from Pakistan after real-time PCR and sequencing confirmation in the faecal samples of three foxes from northern Kaghan and Siran regions. The occurrence is estimated at 4.4% (95% CI 0.9-12.4). In order to go further in the epidemiological investigations on E. multilocularis and due to the potential presence of other Echinococcus species, we suggest the need for further epidemiological surveys targeting E. multilocularis and E. granulosus sensu lato isolates from humans and intermediate hosts as well as definitive hosts from wildlife in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | - Zaib Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mahmood
- Department of Zoology, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21120, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Chakh Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Umhang G, Duchamp C, Boucher JM, Ruette S, Boué F, Richomme C. Detection of DNA from the zoonotic raccoon roundworm Baylisascaris procyonis in a French wolf. Parasitol Int 2020; 78:102155. [PMID: 32512048 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Baylisascaris procyonis is a zoonotic nematode whose main definitive host is the raccoon, an invasive carnivore in Europe introduced from the United States. B. procyonis causes larva migrans with poor prognosis in humans. This parasite was unexpectedly detected in France for the first time upon molecular screening of wolf faecal samples. Because no patent infection was found, the wolf cannot be considered as a definitive host. This discovery of B. procyonis in France nonetheless raises questions about the parasite status of the expanding raccoon populations in the country, which will be investigated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France.
| | - Christophe Duchamp
- OFB (French Agency for Biodiversity), Research Department, Predator and Depredator Unit, Gières, France
| | | | - Sandrine Ruette
- OFB (French Agency for Biodiversity), Research Department, Predator and Depredator Unit, Gières, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
| | - Céline Richomme
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Malzéville, France
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16
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Knapp J, Gottstein B, Bretagne S, Bart JM, Umhang G, Richou C, Bresson-Hadni S, Millon L. Genotyping Echinococcus multilocularis in Human Alveolar Echinococcosis Patients: An EmsB Microsatellite Analysis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9040282. [PMID: 32295095 PMCID: PMC7238142 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9040282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For clinical epidemiology specialists, connecting the genetic diversity of Echinococcusmultilocularis to sources of infection or particular sites has become somewhat of a holy grail. It is very difficult to trace the infection history of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) patients as there may be an incubation period of five to 15 years before reliable diagnosis. Moreover, the variability of parasitic manifestations in human patients raises the possibility of genetically different isolates of E. multilocularis having different levels of pathogenicity. Thus, the exposure of human patients to different strains or genotypes circulating in geographically different environments may lead to different disease outcomes. Molecular tools, such as the microsatellite marker EmsB, were required to investigate these aspects. This genetic marker was previously tested on a collection of 1211 European field samples predominantly of animal origin, referenced on a publicly available database. In this study, we investigated a panel of 66 metacestode samples (between 1981 and 2019) recovered surgically from 63 patients diagnosed with alveolar echinococcosis originating from four European countries (France, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium). In this study, we identified nine EmsB profiles, five of which were found in patients located in the same areas of France and Switzerland. One profile was detected on both sides of the French-Swiss border, whereas most patients from non-endemic regions clustered together in another profile. EmsB profiles appeared to remain stable over time because similar profiles were detected in patients who underwent surgery recently and patients who underwent surgery some time ago. This study sheds light on possible pathways of contamination in humans, including proximity contamination in some cases, and the dominant contamination profiles in Europe, particularly for extrahepatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; (S.B.-H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-370-632-106
| | - Bruno Gottstein
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland;
| | - Stéphane Bretagne
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Lariboisière-Saint Louis-Fernand Widal Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, 75475 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Mathieu Bart
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD/CIRAD, University of Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France;
| | - Carine Richou
- Department of Hepatology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25000 Besançon, France;
| | - Solange Bresson-Hadni
- UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; (S.B.-H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- UMR CNRS 6249 Laboratoire Chrono-environnement, Université Franche-Comté, 16 Route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; (S.B.-H.); (L.M.)
- Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Centre for Echinococcoses, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
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17
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Tsoleridis T, Chappell JG, Monchatre-Leroy E, Umhang G, Shi M, Bennett M, Tarlinton RE, McClure CP, Holmes EC, Ball JK. Discovery and Prevalence of Divergent RNA Viruses in European Field Voles and Rabbits. Viruses 2019; 12:E47. [PMID: 31906044 PMCID: PMC7019641 DOI: 10.3390/v12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of unbiased metagenomic virus discovery has revolutionized studies of virus biodiversity and evolution. Despite this, our knowledge of the virosphere, including in mammalian species, remains limited. We used unbiased metagenomic sequencing to identify RNA viruses in European field voles and rabbits. Accordingly, we identified a number of novel RNA viruses including astrovirus, rotavirus A, picorna-like virus and a morbilli-like paramyxovirus. In addition, we identified a sobemovirus and a novel luteovirus that likely originated from the rabbit diet. These newly discovered viruses were often divergent from those previously described. The novel astrovirus was most closely related to a virus sampled from the rodent-eating European roller bird (Coracias garrulous). PCR screening revealed that the novel morbilli-like paramyxovirus in the UK field vole had a prevalence of approximately 4%, and shared common ancestry with other rodent morbilli-like viruses sampled globally. Two novel rotavirus A sequences were detected in a UK field vole and a French rabbit, the latter with a prevalence of 5%. Finally, a highly divergent picorna-like virus found in the gut of the French rabbit virus was only ~35% similar to an arilivirus at the amino acid level, suggesting the presence of a novel viral genus within the Picornaviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theocharis Tsoleridis
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Joseph G. Chappell
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Elodie Monchatre-Leroy
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage, 54220 Malzeville, France; (E.M.-L.); (G.U.)
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Laboratoire de la Rage et de la Faune Sauvage, 54220 Malzeville, France; (E.M.-L.); (G.U.)
| | - Mang Shi
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Malcolm Bennett
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.B.); (R.E.T.)
| | - Rachael E. Tarlinton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; (M.B.); (R.E.T.)
| | - C. Patrick McClure
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (M.S.); (E.C.H.)
| | - Jonathan K. Ball
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK; (J.G.C.); (C.P.M.)
- Wolfson Centre for Global Virus Infections, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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18
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Bournez L, Umhang G, Faure E, Boucher JM, Boué F, Jourdain E, Sarasa M, Llorente F, Jiménez-Clavero MA, Moutailler S, Lacour SA, Lecollinet S, Beck C. Exposure of Wild Ungulates to the Usutu and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses in France in 2009-2014: Evidence of Undetected Flavivirus Circulation a Decade Ago. Viruses 2019; 12:E10. [PMID: 31861683 PMCID: PMC7019733 DOI: 10.3390/v12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Flaviviruses have become increasingly important pathogens in Europe over the past few decades. A better understanding of the spatiotemporal distribution of flaviviruses in France is needed to better define risk areas and to gain knowledge of the dynamics of virus transmission cycles. Serum samples from 1014 wild boar and 758 roe deer from 16 departments (administrative units) in France collected from 2009 to 2014 were screened for flavivirus antibodies using a competitive ELISA (cELISA) technique. Serum samples found to be positive or doubtful by cELISA were then tested for antibodies directed against West Nile virus (WNV), Usutu virus (USUV), Bagaza virus (BAGV), and tick-borne encephalitis/Louping ill viruses (TBEV/LIV) by microsphere immunoassays (except BAGV) and micro-neutralization tests. USUV antibodies were detected only in southeastern and southwestern areas. TBEV/LIV antibodies were detected in serum samples from eastern, southwestern and northern departments. The results indicate continuous circulation of USUV in southern France from 2009 to 2014, which was unnoticed by the French monitoring system for bird mortality. The findings also confirm wider distribution of TBEV in the eastern part of the country than of human clinical cases. However, further studies are needed to determine the tick-borne flavivirus responsible for the seroconversion in southwestern and northern France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bournez
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), CS 40009 54220 Malzéville, France; (G.U.); (J.-M.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), CS 40009 54220 Malzéville, France; (G.U.); (J.-M.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Eva Faure
- National Hunters Federation, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (E.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), CS 40009 54220 Malzéville, France; (G.U.); (J.-M.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Franck Boué
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), CS 40009 54220 Malzéville, France; (G.U.); (J.-M.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Elsa Jourdain
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Unité mixte de recherche Epidémiologie des maladies animales et zoonotiques (UMR EPIA), 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France;
| | - Mathieu Sarasa
- National Hunters Federation, 92130 Issy-les-Moulineaux, France; (E.F.); (M.S.)
- Biologie et Ecologie des Organismes et Populations Sauvages (BEOPS), 1 Esplanade Compans Caffarelli, 31000 Toulouse, France
| | - Francisco Llorente
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (F.L.); (M.A.J.-C.)
| | - Miguel A. Jiménez-Clavero
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CISA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (F.L.); (M.A.J.-C.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Moutailler
- Unité mixte de recherche Biologie moléculaire et Immunologie Parasitaire (UMR BIPAR), ANSES, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort 94700, France;
| | - Sandrine A. Lacour
- Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) Virologie, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (S.A.L.); (S.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Sylvie Lecollinet
- Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) Virologie, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (S.A.L.); (S.L.); (C.B.)
| | - Cécile Beck
- Unité mixte de recherche (UMR) Virologie, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (S.A.L.); (S.L.); (C.B.)
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19
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Bold B, Boué F, Schindler C, Badmaa B, Batbekh B, Argamjav B, Bayasgalan C, Ito A, Narankhuu U, Shagj A, Zinsstag J, Umhang G. Evidence for camels (Camelus bactrianus) as the main intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato G6/G7 in Mongolia. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2583-2590. [PMID: 31278516 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), the parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), is a global public health problem. In Mongolia, despite wide distribution of human CE, not enough information is available on the prevalence and molecular characterization of CE in livestock and its zoonotic linkage with human cases. We investigated the distribution of human CE cases and livestock population using statistical models to get insight into the zoonotic linkage. The incidence of human CE cases increased by a factor of 1.71 for one interquartile range increment in the density of the camel population. No significant association was observed with other livestock species. The samples collected from 96 camels and 15 goats in an endemic region showed a CE prevalence of 19.7% and 6.7%, respectively. All livestock CE were E. granulosus s.l. G6/G7 species of the E. granulosus s.l. complex. The genetic diversity was investigated using the haplotype network based on full cox1 gene analysis of the samples collected from livestock CE and nucleotide sequences previously reported from human CE and wild canids infection in Mongolia. Four haplotypes were identified within the livestock samples, two of which had not been previously reported. A common haplotype was identified among humans, camels, goats, and a wolf, all of which were within the same geographical area. A mixed infection of E. granulosus s.l. G6/G7 with different haplotypes in the intermediate host was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the most comprehensive description of the current epidemiological situation of CE in Mongolia with substantial evidence that camels might be the main intermediate host of E. granulosus s.l. G6/G7 in Mongolia. Moreover, our result presents the first report in the country to provide insight into the prevalence of E. granulosus s.l. G6/G7 in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolor Bold
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franck Boué
- Anses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, 54220, Malzéville, France
| | - Christian Schindler
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Battsetseg Badmaa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Belgutei Batbekh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayanzul Argamjav
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Mongolian University of Life Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | | | - Akira Ito
- Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Uranshagai Narankhuu
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Agiimaa Shagj
- Department of Epidemiology, National Center for Zoonotic Disease, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Jakob Zinsstag
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Technopôle agricole et vétérinaire, 54220, Malzéville, France.
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20
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Laurimäe T, Kinkar L, Romig T, Umhang G, Casulli A, Omer RA, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Ponce-Gordo F, Lazzarini LE, Soriano SV, Varcasia A, Rostami-Nejad M, Andresiuk V, Maravilla P, González LM, Dybicz M, Gawor J, Šarkūnas M, Šnábel V, Kuzmina T, Kia EB, Saarma U. Analysis of nad2 and nad5 enables reliable identification of genotypes G6 and G7 within the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 74:103941. [PMID: 31247339 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The larval stages of tapeworms in the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato cause a zoonotic disease known as cystic echinococcosis (CE). Within this species complex, genotypes G6 and G7 are among the most common genotypes associated with human CE cases worldwide. However, our understanding of ecology, biology and epidemiology of G6 and G7 is still limited. An essential first step towards this goal is correct genotype identification, but distinguishing genotypes G6 and G7 has been challenging. A recent analysis based on complete mitogenome data revealed that the conventional sequencing of the cox1 (366 bp) gene fragment mistakenly classified a subset of G7 samples as G6. On the other hand, sequencing complete mitogenomes is not practical if only genotype or haplogroup identification is needed. Therefore, a simpler and less costly method is required to distinguish genotypes G6 and G7. We compared 93 complete mitogenomes of G6 and G7 from a wide geographical range and demonstrate that a combination of nad2 (714 bp) and nad5 (680 bp) gene fragments would be the best option to distinguish G6 and G7. Moreover, this method allows assignment of G7 samples into haplogroups G7a and G7b. However, due to very high genetic variability of G6 and G7, we suggest to construct a phylogenetic network based on the nad2 and nad5 sequences in order to be absolutely sure in genotype assignment. For this we provide a reference dataset of 93 concatenated nad2 and nad5 sequences (1394 bp in total) containing representatives of G6 and G7 (and haplogroups G7a and G7b), which can be used for the reconstruction of phylogenetic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Romig
- Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rihab A Omer
- National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena E Lazzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300, Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanesa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, 5 Chałubińskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawor
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda51/55, Warsaw 00-818, Poland
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes Street 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tetiana Kuzmina
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia.
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21
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Umhang G, Possenti A, Colamesta V, d'Aguanno S, La Torre G, Boué F, Casulli A. A systematic review and meta-analysis on anthelmintic control programs for Echinococcus multilocularis in wild and domestic carnivores. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 15:e00042. [PMID: 32095614 PMCID: PMC7034083 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most dangerous zoonoses in the Northern hemisphere. In Europe, the parasite's life cycle is sylvatic, involving small rodents as intermediate hosts and red foxes as the major definitive hosts. Given the severity of this disease in humans and the high levels of environmental contamination with E. multilocularis in endemic areas, it seems crucial to implement control measures in order to prevent human AE. This systematic review identifies previous anthelmintic control programs targeting E. multilocularis in wild and domestic carnivores and evaluates the effectiveness of the different strategies implemented. A search through six databases identified 302 scientific papers for the period 1950–2015, of which only 17 were retained according to the inclusion criteria set. These 17 papers focused on control of E. multilocularis by baiting foxes in highly endemic areas of Europe or Japan, with the exception of one study focused on dogs in Alaska. The papers highlighted differences in baiting types, baiting frequency, choice of control areas and length of treatment period. Overall, these studies resulted in a sharp and statistically significant decrease in parasite prevalence, confirmed by the absence of overlap between confidence intervals for the pooled risk differences of control and treated areas. A monthly baiting frequency was proven to be highly effective at decreasing E. multilocularis prevalence in foxes, even in highly endemic areas and in a short period of time. Nevertheless, when foxes were not fully dewormed, the parasite showed a strong capacity to rapidly recover its initial prevalence. The fox baiting approach appears to be the most useful method for controlling the sylvatic life cycle of E. multilocularis, but it require a cost/benefit analysis before it is likely to be accepted by stakeholders. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of the control programmes of E. multilocularis. Differences in baiting types, baiting frequency, selection of control areas and treatment period were highlighted. A monthly baiting was proved to be efficient to decrease E. multilocularis prevalence in foxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Alessia Possenti
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colamesta
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia d'Aguanno
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe La Torre
- Sapienza University of Rome, Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Rome, Italy
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Adriano Casulli
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy.,World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS), Rome, Italy
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22
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Tsoleridis T, Chappell J, Onianwa O, Monchatre-Leroy E, Umhang G, Shi M, Tarlinton R, McClure P, Holmes E, Ball J. Discovery of novel highly divergent RNA viruses in European rodents and rabbits. Access Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1099/acmi.ac2019.po0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Chappell
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Okechukwu Onianwa
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gérald Umhang
- 2Anses, Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage, Malzéville, France
| | - Mang Shi
- 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachael Tarlinton
- 4School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick McClure
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Holmes
- 3Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Ball
- 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Knapp J, Umhang G, Wahlström H, Al-Sabi MNS, Ågren EO, Enemark HL. Genetic diversity of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes from two Scandinavian countries: Denmark and Sweden. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2019; 14:e00045. [PMID: 32095608 PMCID: PMC7033969 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2019.e00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis is an endemic parasite of red foxes in several European countries. This parasite has been present for decades in central Europe i.e. Switzerland, Eastern France, Southern Germany and Austria, which constitute the core endemic area of Europe. In the Scandinavian countries Sweden and Denmark, several recent findings were made in foxes. To better understand the dynamics and geographic spread of E. multilocularis in Europe, genetic studies have been undertaken using the DNA microsatellite marker EmsB. In Europe, the parasite spread in hitherto non-endemic areas was suspected to take place after founder events, in which the core endemic area presents a wider genetic diversity in comparison to newly endemic areas. However, identical parasite profiles can be shared between them, highlighting the parasite spreading in a mainland-island system. In this study, Swedish (27 adult worms from seven red foxes) and Danish (38 adult worms from nine red foxes) isolates were examined using fragment size analyses of the tandemly repeated microsatellite EmsB in order to compare the genetic profiles of the Scandinavian worms with a reference collection of European worm isolates from seven countries. Six EmsB profiles were detected in the Scandinavian panel. Three profiles were described in Denmark and four in Sweden. Only one of these profiles was detected in both countries. All profiles identified in the present study have previously been found in other European countries, suggesting an epidemiological link. Due to the relatively low number of Scandinavian E. multilocularis isolates analysed so far, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the true genetic diversity. Nevertheless, the low genetic variation detected in Sweden and Denmark in this study is similar to the values obtained from peripheral areas of the main European endemic focus, which were more recently colonized by E. multilocularis; and continuous surveillance of this parasite is warranted to provide further insight into its epidemiology in Scandinavia. EmsB diversity of 65 Danish and Swedish isolates of E. multilocularis is described. Six different EmsB profiles were found, all previously identified in Europe. This reflects a possible link between Scandinavia and other European countries. Only one of the six different EmsB profiles was shared between Sweden and Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- Department of Chrono-environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | | | - Mohammad Nafi Solaiman Al-Sabi
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Queen Alia Airport St. 594, P.O. Box 130, 11733 Amman, Jordan
| | - Erik O Ågren
- National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Heidi Larsen Enemark
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Bülowsvej 27, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.,Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Department of Animal Health and Food Safety, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
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24
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Bastien M, Vaniscotte A, Combes B, Umhang G, Raton V, Germain E, Villena I, Aubert D, Boué F, Poulle ML. Identifying drivers of fox and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to evaluate measures for reducing contamination of fresh fruit and vegetables. Food Waterborne Parasitol 2018; 14:e00034. [PMID: 32095604 PMCID: PMC7034018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fawpar.2018.e00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventing foodborne pathogen contamination of raw fruit and vegetables in the field is critically important for public health. Specifically, it involves preventing faecal deposit by wildlife or domestic animals in fields of crops and kitchen gardens. The present study aims to identify the drivers of fox, dog and cat faecal deposits in kitchen gardens in order to mitigate the risk of contamination of raw produce with parasites shed in carnivore faeces. The focus was on Echinococcus multilocularis, ranked highest in the importance of foodborne parasites in Europe, but attention was also paid to other parasites of major concern - Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. During the winters of 2014 to 2016, faecal samples were collected from 192 kitchen gardens located in north-eastern France. From these samples, 77% contained scat of carnivores. Molecular analyses revealed that 59% of the 1016 faeces collected were from cats, 31% from foxes, and 10% from dogs. The ease of accessibility to kitchen gardens, the presence of food in the vicinity, and the composition of the surrounding vegetation were used to explain the distribution of fox and cat faeces. Generalized Linear Mixed Effects modelling showed that: i) fencing was not efficient in reducing cat faecal deposits, but drastically decreases those of foxes; ii) the abundance of Microtus sp. indicates a reason for the presence of both fox and cat faecal deposits, iii) the abundance of Arvicola terrestris, the proximity of fruit trees or farms and the predominance of forest and grassland around the village are all drivers of fox faecal deposits. These results point to the importance of fencing around kitchen gardens located in E. multilocularis endemic areas, particularly those surrounded by forest and grassland or close to fruit trees or farms. 192 kitchen gardens sampled 6 times over 2 winters, 1016 carnivore faeces collected. Fencing, food and vegetation cover tested as explanatory factors for faeces location. Numerous cat faeces, even in enclosed gardens. Microtus sp. drives their deposit. Garden accessibility, food and vegetation cover drive the faecal deposits of foxes. Fencing off kitchen gardens should be encouraged in E. multilocularis endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Bastien
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
- Corresponding author at: University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France.
| | | | - B. Combes
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - G. Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - V. Raton
- French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixérécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - E. Germain
- CROC, Carnivore Research and Observation Center, 57590 Lucy, France
| | - I. Villena
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France
| | - D. Aubert
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University Hospital of Reims, Department of Parasitology-Mycology, National Reference Center for Toxoplasma, 51092 Reims cedex, France
| | - F. Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - M.-L. Poulle
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 7510 ESCAPE, 51092 Reims cedex, France
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
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25
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Knapp J, Giraudoux P, Combes B, Umhang G, Boué F, Said-Ali Z, Aknouche S, Garcia C, Vacheyrou M, Laboissière A, Raton V, Comte S, Favier S, Demerson JM, Caillot C, Millon L, Raoul F. Rural and urban distribution of wild and domestic carnivore stools in the context of Echinococcus multilocularis environmental exposure. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:937-946. [PMID: 30076909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In zoonotic infections, the relationships between animals and humans lead to parasitic disease with severity that ranges from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions. In cities and their surrounding areas, this statement is truer with the overcrowding of the protagonists of the parasites' life cycle. The present study aims to investigate the distribution of a parasite, Echinococcus multilocularis, which is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, using copro-sampling in historically endemic rural settlements of the eastern part of France and in newly endemic areas including urban parks and settlements surrounding Paris. Based on 2741 morphologically identified and geolocalized copro-samples, the density of fox faeces was generally higher in the surrounding settlements, except for one rural area where the faeces were at larger density downtown in the winter. Fox faeces are rare but present in urban parks. Dog faeces are concentrated in the park entrances and in the centre of the settlements. DNA was extracted for 1530 samples that were collected and identified from fox, dog, cat, stone marten and badger carnivore hosts. Echinococcus multilocularis diagnosis and host faecal tests were performed using real-time PCR. We failed to detect the parasite in the surroundings of Paris, but the parasite was found in the foxes, dogs and cats in the rural settlements and their surroundings in the historically endemic area. A spatial structuring of the carnivore stool distribution was highlighted in the present study with high densities of carnivore stools among human occupied areas within some potentially high-risk locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 03 boulevard Saint Michel, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoit Combes
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Zeinaba Said-Ali
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Soufiane Aknouche
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Célie Garcia
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Mallory Vacheyrou
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Audrey Laboissière
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Vincent Raton
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France
| | - Sébastien Comte
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France
| | - Stéphanie Favier
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, Malzéville, 54220 Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Michel Demerson
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France; Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- Chrono-environnement, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
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26
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Kinkar L, Laurimäe T, Acosta-Jamett G, Andresiuk V, Balkaya I, Casulli A, Gasser RB, González LM, Haag KL, Zait H, Irshadullah M, Jabbar A, Jenkins DJ, Manfredi MT, Mirhendi H, M'rad S, Rostami-Nejad M, Oudni-M'rad M, Pierangeli NB, Ponce-Gordo F, Rehbein S, Sharbatkhori M, Kia EB, Simsek S, Soriano SV, Sprong H, Šnábel V, Umhang G, Varcasia A, Saarma U. Distinguishing Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotypes G1 and G3 with confidence: A practical guide. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:178-184. [PMID: 29936039 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease caused by tapeworms of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, represents a substantial global health and economic burden. Within this complex, E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1 and G3) is the most frequent causative agent of human CE. Currently, there is no fully reliable method for assigning samples to genotypes G1 and G3, as the commonly used mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 genes are not sufficiently consistent for the identification and differentiation of these genotypes. Thus, a new genetic assay is required for the accurate assignment of G1 and G3. Here we use a large dataset of near-complete mtDNA sequences (n = 303) to reveal the extent of genetic variation of G1 and G3 on a broad geographical scale and to identify reliable informative positions for G1 and G3. Based on extensive sampling and sequencing data, we developed a new method, that is simple and cost-effective, to designate samples to genotypes G1 and G3. We found that the nad5 is the best gene in mtDNA to differentiate between G1 and G3, and developed new primers for the analysis. Our results also highlight problems related to the commonly used cox1 and nad1. To guarantee consistent identification of G1 and G3, we suggest using the sequencing of the nad5 gene region (680 bp). This region contains six informative positions within a relatively short fragment of the mtDNA, allowing the differentiation of G1 and G3 with confidence. Our method offers clear advantages over the previous ones, providing a significantly more consistent means to distinguish G1 and G3 than the commonly used cox1 and nad1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vanessa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ibrahim Balkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Karen L Haag
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Houria Zait
- Parasitology and Mycology department, Mustapha University Hospital, 16000 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Malik Irshadullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jenkins
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Selim M'rad
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Myriam Oudni-M'rad
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nora Beatriz Pierangeli
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Silvia Viviana Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720, BA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife surveillance and eco-epidemiology unit, Malzéville 54220, France
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu 51003, Estonia.
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Umhang G, Grenouillet F, Bastid V, M'Rad S, Valot B, Oudni-M'Rad M, Babba H, Boué F. Investigating the genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto with new microsatellites. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2743-2755. [PMID: 29916064 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution caused by the larval stage of the Cestode parasite Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Due to the predominance or even the exclusive presence of E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) among E. granulosus species in many areas, the genetic diversity needs to be further investigated at the species level to better understand the inter- and intra-focus epidemiological features. Short sequences of mitochondrial or nuclear genes generally lack or have limited discriminatory power, hindering the detection of polymorphisms to reflect geographically based peculiarities and/or any history of infection. A high discriminatory power can only be reached by sequencing complete or near complete mitogenomes or relatively long nuclear sequences, which is time-consuming and onerous. To overcome this issue, a systematic research for single-locus microsatellites was performed on the nuclear genome of E. granulosus s.s. in order to investigate its intra-species genetic diversity. Two microsatellites, EgSca6 and EgSca11, were selected and characterized. The test of a panel of 75 cystic echinococcosis samples revealed a very high discrimination index of 0.824 for EgSca6, 0.987 for EgSca11, and 0.994 when multiplexing both microsatellites. Testing cystic echinococcosis samples from both liver and lungs in five sheep revealed that these two microsatellites appear to be of particular interest for investigating genetic diversity at the intra-individual host level. As this method has many advantages compared to classical sequencing, the availability of other targets means that it is potentially possible to constitute a panel facilitating large-scale molecular epidemiology studies for E. granulosus s.l.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 Research Team, CNRS-University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Echinococcosis, and French National Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Vanessa Bastid
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Selim M'Rad
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Benoît Valot
- Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 Research Team, CNRS-University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Echinococcosis, and French National Reference Centre for Echinococcosis, University Hospital of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Myriam Oudni-M'Rad
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hamouda Babba
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Parasitology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Laurimäe T, Kinkar L, Romig T, Omer RA, Casulli A, Umhang G, Gasser RB, Jabbar A, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Ponce-Gordo F, Lazzarini LE, Soriano SV, Varcasia A, Rostami Nejad M, Andresiuk V, Maravilla P, González LM, Dybicz M, Gawor J, Šarkūnas M, Šnábel V, Kuzmina T, Saarma U. The benefits of analysing complete mitochondrial genomes: Deep insights into the phylogeny and population structure of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato genotypes G6 and G7. Infect Genet Evol 2018; 64:85-94. [PMID: 29906638 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of the species complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. Within this complex, genotypes G6 and G7 have been frequently associated with human CE worldwide. Previous studies exploring the genetic variability and phylogeography of genotypes G6 and G7 have been based on relatively short mtDNA sequences, and the resolution of these studies has often been low. Moreover, using short sequences, the distinction between G6 and G7 has in some cases remained challenging. The aim here was to sequence complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) to obtain deeper insight into the genetic diversity, phylogeny and population structure of genotypes G6 and G7. We sequenced complete mitogenomes of 94 samples collected from 15 different countries worldwide. The results demonstrated that (i) genotypes G6 and G7 can be clearly distinguished when mitogenome sequences are used; (ii) G7 is represented by two major haplogroups, G7a and G7b, the latter being specific to islands of Corsica and Sardinia; (iii) intensive animal trade, but also geographical isolation, have likely had the largest impact on shaping the genetic structure and distribution of genotypes G6 and G7. In addition, we found phylogenetically highly divergent haplotype from Mongolia (Gmon), which had a higher affinity to G6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Thomas Romig
- Institute of Zoology, Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rihab A Omer
- National University Research Institute, National University Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis (in humans and animals), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorena E Lazzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Silvia V Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires, 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratorio di Parassitologia e Malattie Parassitarie, Ospedale Didattico Veterinario Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Mohammad Rostami Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vanessa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Maravilla
- Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea Gonzalez", Departamento de Ecologia de Agentes Patogenos, DF 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Monika Dybicz
- Department of General Biology and Parasitology, 5 Chałubińskiego Str., 02-004 Warsaw, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawor
- W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Polish Academy of Science, Twarda51/55, Warsaw 00-818, Poland
| | - Mindaugas Šarkūnas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžes Street 18, 47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Tetiana Kuzmina
- I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 01030 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia.
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Kinkar L, Laurimäe T, Acosta-Jamett G, Andresiuk V, Balkaya I, Casulli A, Gasser RB, van der Giessen J, González LM, Haag KL, Zait H, Irshadullah M, Jabbar A, Jenkins DJ, Kia EB, Manfredi MT, Mirhendi H, M'rad S, Rostami-Nejad M, Oudni-M'rad M, Pierangeli NB, Ponce-Gordo F, Rehbein S, Sharbatkhori M, Simsek S, Soriano SV, Sprong H, Šnábel V, Umhang G, Varcasia A, Saarma U. Global phylogeography and genetic diversity of the zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto genotype G1. Int J Parasitol 2018; 48:729-742. [PMID: 29782829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is the major cause of human cystic echinococcosis worldwide and is listed among the most severe parasitic diseases of humans. To date, numerous studies have investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of E. granulosus s.s. in various geographic regions. However, there has been no global study. Recently, using mitochondrial DNA, it was shown that E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are distinct genotypes, but a larger dataset is required to confirm the distinction of these genotypes. The objectives of this study were to: (i) investigate the distinction of genotypes G1 and G3 using a large global dataset; and (ii) analyse the genetic diversity and phylogeography of genotype G1 on a global scale using near-complete mitogenome sequences. For this study, 222 globally distributed E. granulosus s.s. samples were used, of which 212 belonged to genotype G1 and 10 to G3. Using a total sequence length of 11,682 bp, we inferred phylogenetic networks for three datasets: E. granulosus s.s. (n = 222), G1 (n = 212) and human G1 samples (n = 41). In addition, the Bayesian phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses were performed. The latter yielded several strongly supported diffusion routes of genotype G1 originating from Turkey, Tunisia and Argentina. We conclude that: (i) using a considerably larger dataset than employed previously, E. granulosus s.s. G1 and G3 are indeed distinct mitochondrial genotypes; (ii) the genetic diversity of E. granulosus s.s. G1 is high globally, with lower values in South America; and (iii) the complex phylogeographic patterns emerging from the phylogenetic and geographic analyses suggest that the current distribution of genotype G1 has been shaped by intensive animal trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Vanessa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600 Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ibrahim Balkaya
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Atatürk, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adriano Casulli
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for the Epidemiology, Detection and Control of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis, European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites (EURLP), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joke van der Giessen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luis Miguel González
- Parasitology Department, Centro Nacional de Microbiologia, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid 28220, Spain
| | - Karen L Haag
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Houria Zait
- Parasitology and Mycology Department, Mustapha University Hospital, 16000 Algiers, Algeria
| | - Malik Irshadullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David J Jenkins
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maria Teresa Manfredi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Selim M'rad
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohammad Rostami-Nejad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Myriam Oudni-M'rad
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology (LP3M), LR 12ES08. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Nora Beatriz Pierangeli
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Silvia Viviana Soriano
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Comahue National University, Buenos Aires 1400, 8300 Neuquén, Argentina
| | - Hein Sprong
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control Netherlands, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Viliam Šnábel
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Hlinkova 3, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Malzéville 54220, France
| | - Antonio Varcasia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna, 2-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia.
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Knapp J, Damy S, Brillaud J, Tissot JD, Navion J, Mélior R, Afonso E, Hormaz V, Gottstein B, Umhang G, Casulli A, Dadeau F, Millon L, Raoul F. EWET: Data collection and interface for the genetic analysis of Echinococcus multilocularis based on EmsB microsatellite. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183849. [PMID: 28972978 PMCID: PMC5626424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution and dispersion history on Earth of organisms can best be studied through biological markers in molecular epidemiological studies. The biological diversity of the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis was investigated in different cladistic approaches. First the morphological aspects were explored in connection with its ecology. More recently, molecular aspects were investigated to better understand the nature of the variations observed among isolates. The study of the tandemly repeated multilocus microsatellite EmsB allowed us to attain a high genetic diversity level where other classic markers have failed. Since 2006, EmsB data have been collected on specimens from various endemic foci of the parasite in Europe (in historic and newly endemic areas), Asia (China, Japan and Kyrgyzstan), and North America (Canada and Alaska). Biological data on the isolates and metadata were also recorded (e.g. host, geographical location, EmsB analysis, citation in the literature). In order to make available the data set of 1,166 isolates from classic and aberrant domestic and wild animal hosts (larval lesions and adult worms) and from human origin, an open web access interface, developed in PHP, and connected to a PostgreSQL database, was developed in the EmsB Website for the Echinococcus Typing (EWET) project. It allows researchers to access data collection, perform genetic analyses online (e.g. defining the genetic distance between their own samples and the samples in the database), consult distribution maps of EmsB profiles, and record and share their new EmsB genotyping data. In order to standardize the EmsB analyses performed in the different laboratories throughout the world, a calibrator was developed. The final aim of this project was to gather and arrange available data to permit to better understand the dispersion and transmission patterns of the parasite among definitive and intermediate hosts, in order to organize control strategies on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvie Damy
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jonathan Brillaud
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jean-Daniel Tissot
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Jérémy Navion
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Raphael Mélior
- UMS 3245 OSU THETA Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Observatory of Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Eve Afonso
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Vanessa Hormaz
- Anses Nancy laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, Malzéville, France
| | | | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses Nancy laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, Malzéville, France
| | - Adriano Casulli
- WHO Collaborating Centre for the epidemiology, detection and control of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- European Reference Laboratory for Parasites, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Frédéric Dadeau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté FEMTO-ST Institute/CNRS, Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- Laboratoire Chrono-environnement UMR CNRS 6249, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Comte S, Umhang G, Raton V, Raoul F, Giraudoux P, Combes B, Boué F. Echinococcus multilocularis management by fox culling: An inappropriate paradigm. Prev Vet Med 2017; 147:178-185. [PMID: 29254718 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing spread of Echinococcus multilocularis in Europe, sanitary authorities are looking for the most efficient ways of reducing the risk for human populations. Fox culling is one particular tool that has recently shifted from predation control to population health management. Our study aims to assess the effectiveness of this tool in limiting E. multilocularis prevalence in fox populations in France. During four years, a culling protocol by night shooting from cars was implemented around the city of Nancy (eastern France) representing ∼1700h of night work and ∼15,000km driven. The 776 foxes killed represented an overall increase of 35% of the pressure on the fox population over 693km2. Despite this consequent effort of culling, not only did night shooting of foxes fail to decrease the fox population, but it resulted in an increase in E. multilocularis prevalence from 40% to 55% while remaining stable in an adjacent control area (585km2). Though no significant change in age structure could be described, an increase in immigration and local recruitment is the best hypothesis for population resilience. The increase in prevalence is therefore considered to be linked to a higher rate of juvenile movement within the culled area shedding highly contaminated faeces. We therefore advocate managers to consider alternative methods such as anthelmintic baiting, which has been proven to be efficient elsewhere, to fight against alveolar echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Comte
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France.
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Vincent Raton
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Francis Raoul
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS, Université of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Combes
- Entente de Lutte Interdépartementale contre les Zoonoses (ELIZ), Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Batiment G, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Umhang G, Bastien M, Renault C, Faisse M, Caillot C, Boucher JM, Hormaz V, Poulle ML, Boué F. A flotation/sieving method to detect Echinococcus multilocularis and Toxocara spp. eggs in soil by real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:28. [PMID: 28737135 PMCID: PMC5523443 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil can be a source of human infection by many zoonotic helminth species including Echinococcus multilocularis and Toxocara spp. The prevention of alveolar echinococcosis could be greatly improved through the identification of at-risk areas. Yet very few data are available about the detection of E. multilocularis in soil, while more studies have been reported for Toxocara spp. Identification of soil contamination by E. multilocularis eggs requires the use of specific methods. This study describes the development of a method for the detection of E. multilocularis in soil samples with the concentration of eggs using a flotation/sieving method and detection by duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Toxocara spp. egg detection was also undertaken due to the widespread presence of this parasite in soil, despite it being considered less pathogenic. Method sensitivity of 100% was reached for the detection of 10 E. multilocularis eggs spiked in 10 g of soil. Concerning Toxocara spp., method sensitivity was lower but assumed to be due to the reduced effectiveness of the DNA extraction protocol. The parasitological status for E. multilocularis and Toxocara spp. of 63 carnivore fecal samples collected in highly endemic rural areas of France and of soil samples collected under and near these fecal samples was compared. The contamination of soil samples collected under positive fecal samples for E. multilocularis (n = 3) or Toxocara spp. (n = 19) confirmed the transfer of eggs from the definitive host to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Matthieu Bastien
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 3800 PROTAL, 51092 Reims cedex, France - University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France - French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixerécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Camille Renault
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Marine Faisse
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France - French Establishment for Fighting Zoonoses (ELIZ), Domaine de Pixerécourt, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Vanessa Hormaz
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, SFR Cap Santé, EA 3800 PROTAL, 51092 Reims cedex, France - University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, CERFE, 08240 Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Umhang G, Karamon J, Hormaz V, Knapp J, Cencek T, Boué F. A step forward in the understanding of the presence and expansion of Echinococcus multilocularis in Eastern Europe using microsatellite EmsB genotyping in Poland. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 54:176-182. [PMID: 28688974 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus multilocularis. In Europe, the lifecycle of this cestode is mainly sylvatic based on a prey-predator interaction between the red fox and small rodents as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. National surveillance of E. multilocularis in red foxes in Poland has reported a clear distinction between low endemic areas (from 2 to 5.7%) in the western half and high endemic areas (11.8 to 50.0%) in the eastern half of the country. A drastic increase of prevalence has been observed in the eastern half of Poland since the 2000's. Microsatellite EmsB genotyping was performed on 301 E. multilocularis worms from 87 foxes sampled throughout Poland, leading to identification of 29 EmsB profiles. The main profile, Pol19, was identified across the country and accounted for 44.9% of the worms collected. The conformity of 18 Polish profiles was established by comparison with previous profiles identified in Europe, but none corresponded to the most common European profiles. Poland was confirmed as a peripheral area of the main European focus, with more recent colonization by the parasite. The sharing of common profiles mainly by neighboring provinces was confirmed by a clustering analysis identifying four main groups. Expansion of the parasite in Poland in these four groups appears to be influenced by the situation in neighboring countries. Acquiring EmsB genotyping data from eastern European countries, for which very few data are reported, is necessary to understand the expansion of the parasite in the whole of Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France.
| | - Jacek Karamon
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Vanessa Hormaz
- ANSES Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- Department of Chrono-Environment, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Tomasz Cencek
- Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | - Franck Boué
- ANSES Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Kinkar L, Laurimäe T, Sharbatkhori M, Mirhendi H, Kia EB, Ponce-Gordo F, Andresiuk V, Simsek S, Lavikainen A, Irshadullah M, Umhang G, Oudni-M'rad M, Acosta-Jamett G, Rehbein S, Saarma U. New mitogenome and nuclear evidence on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the highly zoonotic tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto. Infect Genet Evol 2017; 52:52-58. [PMID: 28456662 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s. l.), is a significant global public health concern. Echinococcus granulosus s. l. is currently divided into numerous genotypes (G1-G8 and G10) of which G1-G3 are the most frequently implicated genotypes in human infections. Although it has been suggested that G1-G3 could be regarded as a distinct species E. granulosus sensu stricto (s. s.), the evidence to support this is inconclusive. Most importantly, data from nuclear DNA that provide means to investigate the exchange of genetic material between G1-G3 is lacking as none of the published nuclear DNA studies have explicitly included G2 or G3. Moreover, the commonly used relatively short mtDNA sequences, including the complete cox1 gene, have not allowed unequivocal differentiation of genotypes G1-G3. Therefore, significantly longer mtDNA sequences are required to distinguish these genotypes with confidence. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the phylogenetic relations and taxonomy of genotypes G1-G3 using sequences of nearly complete mitogenomes (11,443bp) and three nuclear loci (2984bp). A total of 23 G1-G3 samples were analysed, originating from 5 intermediate host species in 10 countries. The mtDNA data demonstrate that genotypes G1 and G3 are distinct mitochondrial genotypes (separated by 37 mutations), whereas G2 is not a separate genotype or even a monophyletic cluster, but belongs to G3. Nuclear data revealed no genetic separation of G1 and G3, suggesting that these genotypes form a single species due to ongoing gene flow. We conclude that: (a) in the taxonomic sense, genotypes G1 and G3 can be treated as a single species E. granulosus s. s.; (b) genotypes G1 and G3 should be regarded as distinct genotypes only in the context of mitochondrial data; (c) we recommend excluding G2 from the genotype list.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liina Kinkar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Teivi Laurimäe
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 50410 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mitra Sharbatkhori
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hossein Mirhendi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Eshrat Beigom Kia
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Departmento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Andresiuk
- Laboratorio de Zoonosis Parasitarias, FCEyN, UNMdP, Funes 3350, CP: 7600, Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Antti Lavikainen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology/Immunobiology Program, Faculty of Medicine, P.O. Box 21, FIN-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Malik Irshadullah
- Section of Parasitology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Anses, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Myriam Oudni-M'rad
- LP3M: Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, LR12ES08, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria y Programa de Investgación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Urmas Saarma
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 50410 Tartu, Estonia.
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Boué F, El Berbri I, Hormaz V, Boucher JM, El Mamy AB, Traore A, Fihri OF, Petavy AF, Dakkak A, Umhang G. Use of FTA® card methodology for sampling and molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in Africa. Exp Parasitol 2017; 173:29-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Debourgogne A, Blanchet D, Fior A, Umhang G, Simon S, Aznar C. Neotropical echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus vogeli in a 6-year-old child: the second case report in humans in French Guiana. Paediatr Int Child Health 2017; 37:63-65. [PMID: 26355940 DOI: 10.1179/2046905515y.0000000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Human polycystic echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus vogeli which occurs in rural areas of Central and South America. Abdominal echinococcosis caused by E. vogeli is reported for the first time in a child, a 6-year-old boy in French Guiana. The diagnosis was made by histological and molecular techniques. In tropical regions, this neglected disease must be considered even in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Debourgogne
- a Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CH Andrée Rosemon et EA 3593, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane , Cayenne , French Guyana.,b Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie , CHU de Nancy, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy , France
| | - Denis Blanchet
- a Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CH Andrée Rosemon et EA 3593, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane , Cayenne , French Guyana
| | - Angela Fior
- c Laboratoire d'Anatomo-Pathologie , CH Andrée Rosemon , Cayenne , French Guyana
| | - Gérald Umhang
- d ANSES, Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy , Laboratoire National de Référence Echinococcus sp. , Malzeville , France
| | - Stéphane Simon
- a Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CH Andrée Rosemon et EA 3593, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane , Cayenne , French Guyana
| | - Christine Aznar
- a Laboratoire Hospitalier et Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, CH Andrée Rosemon et EA 3593, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane , Cayenne , French Guyana
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Knapp J, Combes B, Umhang G, Aknouche S, Millon L. Could the domestic cat play a significant role in the transmission of Echinococcus multilocularis? A study based on qPCR analysis of cat feces in a rural area in France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 23:42. [PMID: 27739398 PMCID: PMC5782850 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2016052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus multilocularis, a cestode parasite responsible for alveolar echinococcosis in humans, is often reported in Europe. It involves red foxes, domestic dogs, and domestic and wild cats as definitive hosts. The parasite infects small mammals and accidentally humans as intermediate hosts and develops in a similar way to a tumor, usually in the liver. Domestic animals are suspected of playing a role in parasite transmission, but this is rarely proven. Moreover, the role of domestic cats is thought to be small, because of experimental studies showing incomplete development of the parasite observed in their intestines. In the present study, we investigated copro-sampling performed in a rural and highly endemic area in Eastern France, on carnivore feces (n = 150). From these samples, the parasite was detected and identified by DNA analysis using quantitative PCR targeting part of a mitochondrial gene (Em-qPCR). Taeniid eggs were isolated from positive-Em-qPCR samples by flotation, and species identification was confirmed by sequencing on DNA extracts. From a total of 43 copro-samples from cats, four tested positive for E. multilocularis by the Em-qPCR. In two of these, we found parasite eggs that were identified as E. multilocularis. This finding was confirmed by sequencing, while one dog stool out of 61 collected was found to be positive, no egg was detectable. At the same time, 34% of fox stools tested positive for the parasite. The present study challenges the current idea that cats are only of minor significance in the E. multilocularis life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Knapp
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Benoît Combes
- Entente for the Control of Zoonoses, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-Epidemiology Unit, Technopole Agricole et Vétérinaire, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Soufiane Aknouche
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, UMR UBFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France - Department of Parasitology-Mycology, University Hospital of Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
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Zait H, Kouidri M, Grenouillet FE, Umhang G, Millon L, Hamrioui B, Grenouillet F. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus canadensis in humans and livestock from Algeria. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:2423-31. [PMID: 27021186 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-4994-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In Algeria, previous studies investigated genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in animals and identified E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) genotypes G1 and G3 whereas Echinococcus canadensis genotype G6 was only reported from dromedary cysts. Molecular data on human cystic echinococcosis (CE) were limited. We implemented a large genotyping study of hydatid cysts from humans and livestock animals to specify CE's molecular epidemiology and the genetic diversity in Algeria. Fifty-four human CE cysts from patients predominantly admitted in surgical units from Mustapha Hospital, Algiers, and 16 cysts from livestock animals gathered in two geographically distinct slaughterhouses, Tiaret and Tamanrasset, were collected. Molecular characterization was performed using sequencing of two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit I (NDI). In humans, G1 of E. granulosus s.s. was the main genotype (90.7 %); four samples (7.4 %) were characterized as E. granulosus s.s. G3 and one cyst as E. canadensis G6 (1.8 %). This molecular confirmation of E. canadensis G6 human infection in Algeria was observed in a Tuareg female living in a desertic area in Tamanrasset. All cysts from sheep, cattle, and goat were identified as E. granulosus s.s. G1 and the two cysts originating from dromedary as E. canadensis G6. Twenty concatenated haplotypes (COI + NDI) were characterized. Among E. granulosus s.s., one haplotype (HL1) was highly predominant in both humans and animals cysts (71.6 %). This study revealed main occurrence of E. granulosus s.s. in humans and livestock animals, with description of a predominant shared haplotype corresponding to the main worldwide observed haplotype E.granulosus s.s. G1. E. canadensis G6 was limited to South Algeria, in dromedary as well as in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Zait
- Parasitology and Mycology department, Mustapha University Hospital, 16000, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Mokhtaria Kouidri
- Institute of Veterinary Science, Ibn-khaldoun University of Tiaret, 14000, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Florence Elisabeth Grenouillet
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,Chrono-environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance et Eco-épidémiologie des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp, Malzéville, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,Chrono-environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Boussad Hamrioui
- Parasitology and Mycology department, Mustapha University Hospital, 16000, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Parasitology & Mycology Department, French National Reference Center for Alveolar Echinococcosis and WHO Collaborating Center for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis, University Hospital, Besançon, France.,Chrono-environnement, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 aff. INRA, University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Umhang G, Lahoreau J, Hormaz V, Boucher JM, Guenon A, Montange D, Grenouillet F, Boue F. Surveillance and management of Echinococcus multilocularis in a wildlife park. Parasitol Int 2016; 65:245-50. [PMID: 26780546 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a severe zoonotic disease that may be fatal if untreated. A broad spectrum of mammalian species may be accidentally infected even in captivity. In April 2011, liver lesions due to E. multilocularis were observed during the necropsy of a captive-born nutria (Myocastor coypus) in a French wildlife park, leading to initiation of a study to survey the parasite's presence in the park. A comparable environmental contamination with fox's feces infected by E. multilocularis was reported inside (17.8%) and outside (20.6%) the park. E. multilocularis worms were found in the intestines of three of the five roaming foxes shot in the park. Coprological analyses of potential definitive hosts in captivity (fox, lynx, wildcat, genet, wolf, bear and raccoon) revealed infection in one Eurasian wolf. Voles trapped inside the park also had a high prevalence of 5.3%. After diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis in a Lemur catta during necropsy, four other cases in L. catta were detected by a combination of ultrasound and serology. These animals were treated twice daily with albendazole. The systematic massive metacestode development and numerous protoscoleces in L. catta confirmed their particular sensitivity to E. multilocularis infection. The autochthonous origin of the infection in all the captive animals infected was genetically confirmed by EmsB microsatellite analysis. Preventive measures were implemented to avoid the presence of roaming foxes, contact with potential definitive hosts and contaminated food sources for potential intermediate hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | | | - Vanessa Hormaz
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Amandine Guenon
- ONIRIS Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Damien Montange
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and National Reference Center for Human Alveolar Echinococcosis, CHRU University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention and Treatment of Human Echinococcosis and National Reference Center for Human Alveolar Echinococcosis, CHRU University Hospital, Besançon, France; Chrono-Environnement UMR 6249 Research Team, CNRS-University of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Franck Boue
- ANSES LRFSN, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Grenouillet F, Umhang G, Arbez-Gindre F, Mantion G, Delabrousse E, Millon L, Boué F. Echinococcus ortleppi infections in humans and cattle, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:2100-2. [PMID: 25417697 PMCID: PMC4257792 DOI: 10.3201/eid2012.140641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2011 and 2012, liver infections caused by Echinococcus ortleppi tapeworms were diagnosed in 2 humans in France. In 2012, a nationwide slaughterhouse survey identified 7 E. ortleppi infections in cattle. The foci for these infections were spatially distinct. The prevalence of E. ortleppi infections in France may be underestimated.
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Umhang G, Forin-Wiart MA, Hormaz V, Caillot C, Boucher JM, Poulle ML, Franck B. Echinococcus multilocularis detection in the intestines and feces of free-ranging domestic cats (Felis s. catus) and European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) from northeastern France. Vet Parasitol 2015. [PMID: 26206606 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated that cats can be infected by Echinococcus multilocularis, although few data are available concerning their natural infection. This study was designed to compare experimental findings with information on the prevalence of natural E. multilocularis infections of cats in a rural high endemic area. Of 19 intestines of domestic cats (Felis s. catus) and five of European wildcats (Felis s. silvestris) analyzed by segmental sedimentation and counting technique (SSCT), infection by E. multilocularis was observed for one individual of each species, resulting in a prevalence estimated at 5%, (CI95%: 1-26) in domestic cats and at 20% (CI95%: 1-72) in wildcats. High worm burdens (680 and 7040) were noted, but comprised only immature worms. The same EmsB microsatellite profile obtained from the worms' DNA was observed in the two cats as in foxes from the same area and from other European countries. The presence of E. multilocularis DNA was diagnosed in 3.1% (10/321) of the domestic cat feces collected on the field in two villages. However, no E. multilocularis eggs were found after flotation with zinc chloride of the positive feces. The detection of DNA from E. multilocularis was thought to be due to the presence of cells from worms untied from the intestine and corresponding to prepatent infection or due to the digested metacestode. These results from E. multilocularis presence in wild and domestic cat populations agree with those previously obtained by experimental infections. These findings support that these cats play an insignificant role in E. multilocularis transmission, even in a "highly endemic" region. Nevertheless, since the presence of thick-shelled E. multilocularis eggs from cats has already been reported, the associated zoonotic risk cannot be totally ruled out, even if it is very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance Eco-épidémiologique des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France.
| | - Marie-Amélie Forin-Wiart
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap Santé, EA 3800-PROTAL, Reims, France; URCA, CERFE, Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Vanessa Hormaz
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance Eco-épidémiologique des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Christophe Caillot
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance Eco-épidémiologique des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boucher
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance Eco-épidémiologique des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
| | - Marie-Lazarine Poulle
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne (URCA), SFR Cap Santé, EA 3800-PROTAL, Reims, France; URCA, CERFE, Boult-aux-Bois, France
| | - Boué Franck
- ANSES, LRFSN, Unité de Surveillance Eco-épidémiologique des Animaux Sauvages, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Malzéville, France
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Valot B, Knapp J, Umhang G, Grenouillet F, Millon L. Genomic characterization of EmsB microsatellite loci in Echinococcus multilocularis. Infect Genet Evol 2015; 32:338-41. [PMID: 25847697 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
EmsB is a molecular marker applied to Echinococcus multilocularis genotyping studies. This marker has largely been used to investigate the epidemiology of the parasite in different endemic foci. The present study has lifted the veil on the genetic structure of this microsatellite. By in silico analysis on the E. multilocularis genome the microsatellite was described in about 40 copies on the chromosome 5 of the parasite. Similar structure was found in the relative parasite Echinococcus granulosus, where the microsatellite was firstly described. The present study completes the first investigations made on the EmsB microsatellite origins and confirms the reliability of this highly discriminant molecular marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Valot
- Chrono-environnement Laboratory, UMR 6249 CNRS, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Jenny Knapp
- Chrono-environnement Laboratory, UMR 6249 CNRS, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France.
| | - Gérald Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife Surveillance and Eco-epidemiology Unit, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, B.P. 40009, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - Frédéric Grenouillet
- Chrono-environnement Laboratory, UMR 6249 CNRS, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Laurence Millon
- Chrono-environnement Laboratory, UMR 6249 CNRS, University of Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
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Umhang G, Chihai O, Boué F. Molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus in a hyperendemic European focus, the Republic of Moldova. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4371-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Michelet L, Delannoy S, Devillers E, Umhang G, Aspan A, Juremalm M, Chirico J, van der Wal FJ, Sprong H, Boye Pihl TP, Klitgaard K, Bødker R, Fach P, Moutailler S. High-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in Europe. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:103. [PMID: 25120960 PMCID: PMC4114295 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout Europe. Therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. To accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (TBPs), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 Ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from France, Denmark, and the Netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. This advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detection of 25 bacterial, and 12 parasitic species (including; Borrelia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, Bartonella, Candidatus Neoehrlichia, Coxiella, Francisella, Babesia, and Theileria genus) across 94 samples. We successfully determined the prevalence of expected (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia helvetica, Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Babesia divergens, Babesia venatorum), unexpected (Borrelia miyamotoi), and rare (Bartonella henselae) pathogens in the three European countries. Moreover we detected Borrelia spielmanii, Borrelia miyamotoi, Babesia divergens, and Babesia venatorum for the first time in Danish ticks. This surveillance method represents a major improvement in epidemiological studies, able to facilitate comprehensive testing of TBPs, and which can also be customized to monitor emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Delannoy
- IdentyPath Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Elodie Devillers
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gérald Umhang
- Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, Wildlife EcoEPIdemiology and Surveillance Unit, ANSES Malzéville, France
| | - Anna Aspan
- Department of Bacteriology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael Juremalm
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Chirico
- Department of Virology, Immunobiology and Parasitology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA) Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fimme J van der Wal
- Department of Infection Biology, Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen UR Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Hein Sprong
- Laboratory for Zoonoses and Environmental Microbiology, National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rene Bødker
- National Veterinary Institute, DTU Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick Fach
- IdentyPath Platform, Food Safety Laboratory, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sara Moutailler
- UMR BIPAR, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES Maisons-Alfort, France
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Umhang G, Richomme C, Hormaz V, Boucher JM, Boué F. Pigs and wild boar in Corsica harbor Echinococcus canadensis G6/7 at levels of concern for public health and local economy. Acta Trop 2014; 133:64-8. [PMID: 24556138 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a parasitic zoonosis widespread in the Mediterranean area. The parasite is commonly maintained in a domestic cycle involving dogs and livestock species. As no new data have been made available for the last 15 years concerning the French Mediterranean island of Corsica, a cross-sectional survey at the slaughterhouse was conducted in 2009-2010 to describe the current presence of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in intermediate hosts. Only pig infections with the G6/7 genotype of Echinococcus canadensis were observed. No infection was detected in other breeding species but this should be interpreted with caution because 75% of the cows inspected during the survey were calves, and all sheep and goats were younger than two months old. In parallel four wild boars harvested during the 2010-2011 hunting season were also infected by the same genotype. These data constitute the first report of E. canadensis in France and the first molecular characterization of E. granulosus sensu lato in a wild species in France. The current prevalence observed in pigs (5.9%, n=2527) highlights the fact that CE is still of economic concern on Corsica, an island where certain regional products are produced using pig's liver ("Figatelli"). This prevalence, and the similar one observed in wild boars (4.0%, n=101), is a consequence of certain breeding practices and hunting practices which enable circulation of the parasite in the environment in close contact with humans.
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Umhang G, Comte S, Raton V, Hormaz V, Boucher JM, Favier S, Combes B, Boué F. Echinococcus multilocularis infections in dogs from urban and peri-urban areas in France. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2219-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3875-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Michelet L, Delannoy S, Devillers E, Umhang G, Aspan A, Juremalm M, Chirico J, Van der Wal FJ, Sprong H, Boye Pihl TP, Klitgaard K, Bødker R, Fach P, Moutailler S. Multiple detection of pathogens in ticks: development of a high throughput real time PCR chip used as a new epidemiologic investigative tool. Parasit Vectors 2014. [PMCID: PMC4092299 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-s1-o12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Knapp J, Millon L, Mouzon L, Umhang G, Raoul F, Ali ZS, Combes B, Comte S, Gbaguidi-Haore H, Grenouillet F, Giraudoux P. Real time PCR to detect the environmental faecal contamination by Echinococcus multilocularis from red fox stools. Vet Parasitol 2014; 201:40-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Umhang G, Knapp J, Hormaz V, Raoul F, Boué F. Using the genetics of Echinococcus multilocularis to trace the history of expansion from an endemic area. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 22:142-9. [PMID: 24468327 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the cestode Echinococcus multilocularis, is the most serious parasitic disease for humans in Europe, with a sylvatic life cycle generally between small rodents and red foxes. General expansion of the range of E. multilocularis has been observed across Europe over the last 15years. In France, a westward spread of the known endemic areas of the parasite was described recently. For genotyping, the microsatellite EmsB was used to trace expansion in five French areas. A total of 22 EmsB profiles were identified, with five similar to those previously described in other parts of Europe. An imbalance of genetic diversity was observed between the five areas which also revealed their interconnection with the presence of common profiles, notably the two main profiles both present in all regions except one in the North. These two findings are similar to those described at the European level, highlighting transmission of the parasite by a mainland-island system. A spatio-temporal scenario of the expansion of E. multilocularis can be proposed with spread from the French historical focus in eastern France to the Lorraine, the Champagne-Ardenne and finally the North, while simultaneously another expansion has occurred from the historical focus into the West. The colonization by the parasite into the West and North areas from the historical focus was probably due to the migration of foxes several decades ago. Recent detection of the parasite in new endemic "départements" may be due to more active research rather than a recent spread of the parasite. Regarding the numerous data obtained by the different EmsB analyses, principally across Europe, centralization of all the profiles described in a public databank appears necessary in order to obtain a precise understanding of transmission of the parasite from one country to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Umhang
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France.
| | - J Knapp
- Chrono-environment Laboratory, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 usc INRA, University of Franche-Comte, Place Leclerc, 25030 Besancon Cedex, France
| | - V Hormaz
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
| | - F Raoul
- Chrono-environment Laboratory, UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 usc INRA, University of Franche-Comte, Place Leclerc, 25030 Besancon Cedex, France
| | - F Boué
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, National Reference Laboratory for Echinococcus spp., Wildlife Eco-epidemiology and Surveillance Unit, 54220 Malzéville, France
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Umhang G, Lahoreau J, Nicolier A, Boué F. Echinococcus multilocularis infection of a ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) and a nutria (Myocastor coypus) in a French zoo. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:561-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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