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Wang TC, Lin CD, Shih TC, Chung HK, Wang CY, Tsou YA, Huang CH, Tsai MH. Comparison of Balloon Dilation and Laser Eustachian Tuboplasty in Patients with Eustachian Tube Dysfunction: A Meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 158:617-626. [PMID: 29557245 DOI: 10.1177/0194599817753609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective We aimed to perform a meta-analysis examining balloon dilatation and laser tuboplasty for the treatment of eustachian tube dysfunction (ETD). Data Sources PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase search up to April 18, 2016, with the following keywords: eustachian, middle-ear, eustachian tuboplasty, balloon tuboplasty, laser tuboplasty, laser dilatation, and balloon dilatation. Review Methods Randomized controlled trials and prospective, retrospective, and 1-arm studies of patients with ETD treated with balloon dilatation or laser tuboplasty were included. Outcome measures were improvement of eustachian tube score (ETS) and tympanometry and Valsalva maneuver results. Results Two retrospective and 11 prospective studies were included (1063 patients; 942 treated with balloon and 121 with laser tuboplasty). Balloon tuboplasty resulted in a significant improvement of ETS (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23-1.66; P = .009) and, compared with laser tuboplasty, a greater tympanometry improvement rate (pooled event rate = 73% vs 13%; P = .001). Valsalva maneuver improvement rate was not different between the group results (pooled event rate = 67% vs 50%; P = .472). The maximum number of studies that provided outcome data for any one measure was only 4, and sensitivity analysis indicated ETS results may have been overly influenced by 2 studies. No balloon tuboplasty studies reported ETS data, preventing comparison between the 2 procedures. Conclusion Both procedures can improve symptoms of ETD; however, because of the limited numbers of studies reporting data of the outcomes of interest, it remains unclear if one procedure provides greater benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Chuan Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Shih
- 3 Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Wang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Tsou
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Huang
- 4 Department of Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang TC, Tyler RS, Chang TY, Chen JC, Lin CD, Chung HK, Tsou YA. Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Patients With Tinnitus: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2017; 127:79-88. [PMID: 29192507 DOI: 10.1177/0003489417744317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Richard S. Tyler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Cheng Chen
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Tsou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lin RH, Wang TC, Lin CD, Lin HL, Chung HK, Wang CY, Tsou YA, Tsai MH. Predictors of hearing outcomes following low-dose stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with vestibular schwannomas: A retrospective cohort review. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2017; 162:16-21. [PMID: 28892717 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hearing deterioration is a major concern for hearing-preserved patients with vestibular schwannomas who are treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Thus, determining which patients are more likely to have worse hearing outcomes following SRS may facilitate clinicians in deciding whether conservative policy should be applied in the interest of hearing preservation. This study aimed to define the predictors of hearing outcomes following SRS. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent low-dose SRS (12- to 13-Gy marginal dose) for vestibular schwannomas between January 2004 and January 2014. Clinical factors and hearing outcomes following radiosurgery were reviewed. RESULTS All patients had serviceable hearing at diagnosis and prior to SRS. The median follow-up period was 6.5years (range, 3-10years). The hearing preservation rate in the first, third, and fifth year after radiosurgery was 89%, 68%, and 63%, respectively. A mean cochlear dose lower than 4Gy was a favorable predictor of hearing outcome. Maximal cochlear dose, patient age, pre-treatment pure-tone average, and imaging characteristics were not associated with post-treatment hearing preservation. Our study showed an accelerated rate of deterioration of serial pure-tone average in the first 3years, followed by a more gradual decline after radiosurgery. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cochlear dose constraint is the most crucial factor for hearing preservation. This study provides insight into the rate of hearing preservation and the pattern of hearing deterioration following radiosurgery and can help clinicians advise patients of hearing outcomes following SRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryh-Hsin Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Lin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-An Tsou
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang YH, Shin YA, Kim JH, Kim HM, Lee DW, Chung HK, Kim SJ, Kim CD, Lee JH, Seo YJ, Im M, Lee Y. Use of whole-exome sequencing to determine the genetic basis of signs of skin youthfulness in Korean women. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:e138-e141. [PMID: 27510323 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Chang
- LG Household and Healthcare, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y A Shin
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - H M Kim
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - D W Lee
- Theragen-Etex Bio Institute, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea
| | - H K Chung
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - C D Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y J Seo
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - M Im
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Sperling P, Gamboa EJ, Lee HJ, Chung HK, Galtier E, Omarbakiyeva Y, Reinholz H, Röpke G, Zastrau U, Hastings J, Fletcher LB, Glenzer SH. Free-electron X-ray laser measurements of collisional-damped plasmons in isochorically heated warm dense matter. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:115001. [PMID: 26406836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the first highly resolved measurements of the plasmon spectrum in an ultrafast heated solid. Multi-keV x-ray photons from the Linac Coherent Light Source have been focused to one micrometer diameter focal spots producing solid density aluminum plasmas with a known electron density of n_{e}=1.8×10^{23} cm^{-3}. Detailed balance is observed through the intensity ratio of up- and down-shifted plasmons in x-ray forward scattering spectra measuring the electron temperature. The plasmon damping is treated by electron-ion collision models beyond the Born approximation to determine the electrical conductivity of warm dense aluminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sperling
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - E J Gamboa
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H J Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H K Chung
- Nuclear Data Section, Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, International Atomic Energy Agency, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - E Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y Omarbakiyeva
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- International IT University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - H Reinholz
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
- University of Western Australia, WA 6009 Crawley, Australia
| | - G Röpke
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany
| | - U Zastrau
- European XFEL, Albert-Einstein-Ring 19, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Hastings
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L B Fletcher
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 72 Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Wang TC, Lin CC, Lin CD, Chung HK, Wang CY, Tsai MH, Kao CH. Increased Acquired Cholesteatoma Risk in Patients with Osteoporosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132447. [PMID: 26171780 PMCID: PMC4501779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinically, we found the increased incidence of acquired colesteatoma in the patients with osteoporosis. In this study, we used a retrospective cohort to examine this association and to investigate the possible mechanism. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study by using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD). We identified an osteoporosis cohort comprising 37 124 patients newly diagnosed with osteoporosis aged 20 years or older. Patients in the comparison cohort had no history of osteoporosis and were frequency matched with the patients in the osteoporosis cohort according to sex, age, and index year. Results The acquired cholesteatoma incidence rates for the osteoporosis and comparison cohorts were 1.12 and 0.83 per 1000 person-years, respectively. After we adjusted for confounding factors, the osteoporosis cohort exhibited a 1.32-fold increased acquired cholesteatoma risk relative to the comparison cohort (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11–1.57). In addition, patients with no history of otitis media (HR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.11–1.59), cancer (HR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.12–1.60), or COPD (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.05–1.52) in the osteoporosis cohort exhibited an increased risk of subsequent acquired cholesteatoma relative to those in the comparison cohort. Conclusions Our cohort study indicated that patients with osteoporosis had a 1.31-fold increased acquired cholesteatoma risk relative to the comparison cohort. This risk was further increased in patients with comorbid otitis media. Hence, we recommend that otolaryngologists evaluate the condition of the middle ear of patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Che-Chen Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Lin TC, Chung HK, Hsu JN. Spontaneous bilateral dural arteriovenous fistulas with pulsatile tinnitus. Ear Nose Throat J 2015; 94:E10-E13. [PMID: 25606838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatile tinnitus with normal otoscopic findings often presents a diagnostic challenge to otolaryngologists and can be attributed to serious vascular malformations such as dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Spontaneous DAVFs are relatively rare. A 65-year-old woman presented with sudden-onset subjective/objective pulsatile tinnitus on the right side that had persisted for 2 months. Angiography and magnetic resonance angiography revealed DAVF formation. Stereotactic radiosurgery was performed, and total remission of the DAVFs was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Chieh Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, North District, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Chung HJ, Kim KW, Han DW, Lee HC, Yang BC, Chung HK, Shim MR, Choi MS, Jo EB, Jo YM, Oh MY, Jo SJ, Hong SK, Park JK, Chang WK. Protein Profile in Corpus Luteum during Pregnancy in Korean Native Cows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:1540-5. [PMID: 25049514 PMCID: PMC4093032 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis requires coordination of the anabolic and catabolic pathways of lipid metabolism, but the profile of proteins associated with progesterone synthesis in cyclic and pregnant corpus luteum (CL) is not well-known in cattle. In Experiment 1, plasma progesterone level was monitored in cyclic cows (n = 5) and pregnant cows (n = 6; until d-90). A significant decline in the plasma progesterone level occurred at d-19 of cyclic cows. Progesterone level in abbatoir-derived luteal tissues was also determined at d 1 to 5, 6 to 13 and 14 to 20 of cyclic cows, and d-60 and -90 of pregnant cows (n = 5 each). Progesterone level in d-60 CL was not different from those in d 6 to 13 CL and d-90 CL, although the difference between d 6 to 13 and d-90 was significant. In Experiment 2, protein expression pattern in CL at d-90 (n = 4) was compared with that in CL of cyclic cows at d 6 to 13 (n = 5). Significant changes in the level of protein expression were detected in 32 protein spots by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE), and 23 of them were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Six proteins were found only in pregnant CL, while the other 17 proteins were found only in cyclic CL. Among the above 6 proteins, vimentin which is involved in the regulation of post-implantation development was included. Thus, the protein expression pattern in CL was disorientated from cyclic luteal phase to mid pregnancy, and alterations in specific CL protein expression may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy in Korean native cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K W Kim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - D W Han
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H C Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - B C Yang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - H K Chung
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M R Shim
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M S Choi
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - E B Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - Y M Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - M Y Oh
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S J Jo
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - J K Park
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - W K Chang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
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Hwang YG, Lee H, Lee S, Chung HK, Kang KK, Kim SH. A proteomic analysis using an animal model for hyperlipidemia-related erectile dysfunction. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2014; 64:563-8. [PMID: 24452518 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1363994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia-related erectile dysfunction and the effects of DA-8159, a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, on protein expression, we performed a proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the corpus cavernosum of hyperlipidemic rats by two-dimensional electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Rats were fed high-cholesterol diet and treated with 5 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1) DA-8159 concurrently. After 5 months apparent hyperlipidemia and significantly decreased maximal intra-cavernous pressure were observed in the control group with the alteration of 8 proteins, which were restored by DA-8159 treatment. The proteins whose levels decreased >2-fold and attenuated by DA-8159 were determined alcohol dehydrogenase, aldolase A, annexin 1, and tropomyosin-rat, whereas proteins increased>2-fold and recovered by DA-8159 were found to be aldehyde dehydrogenase complex, guanine deaminase, creatine kinase-B, and phosphoglycerate mutase type B subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-G Hwang
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - H Lee
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Ajou University, Yeongtong, Suwon, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - H K Chung
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - K K Kang
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Research Institutes of Dong-A ST Company, Gyunggi, Republic of Korea
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Chou MS, Chung HK, Tsou YA, Chen JJ, Tsai MH, Jan CI. Endoscopic management of pediatric sinonasal schwannoma: case report. B-ENT 2014; 10:299-302. [PMID: 25654954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe an extremely rare pediatric sinonasal schwannoma, and to reviewmanagement strategies and relevant literature. METHODS Case report of pediatric sinonasal schwannoma, that was imaged with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and managed endoscopically. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine pathology. RESULTS A 12-year-old girl presented with a 2-month history of progressive left exophthalmos. Imaging studies showed a large heterogeneous tumour arising from the ethmoid sinus and extending to the base of the skull and to the orbital cavity. The lesion was removed with an endonasal radical excision. The final pathological diagnosis was schwannoma. There was no tumour recurrence or any major complication during the 2-year follow up. CONCLUSION Schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with intranasal masses. Depending on the location and extent of the tumour, endonasal endoscopic excision could be a suitable management strategy.
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Yu FS, Yang JS, Yu CS, Chiang JH, Lu CC, Chung HK, Yu CC, Wu CC, Ho HC, Chung JG. Safrole suppresses murine myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo, and stimulates macrophage phagocytosis and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in leukemic mice. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:601-608. [PMID: 24150866 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Many anticancer drugs are obtained from phytochemicals and natural products. However, some phytochemicals have mutagenic effects. Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, has been reported to be a carcinogen. We have previously reported that safrole induced apoptosis in human oral cancer cells in vitro and inhibited the human oral tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Until now, there is no information addressing if safrole promotes immune responses in vivo. To evaluate whether safrole modulated immune function, BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with murine myelomonocytic WEHI-3 leukemia cells to establish leukemia and then were treated with or without safrole at 4 and 16 mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed after 2 weeks post-treatment with safrole for examining the immune cell populations, phagocytosis of macrophages and the natural killer (NK) cells' cytotoxicity. Results indicated that safrole increased the body weight, and decreased the weights of spleen and liver in leukemic mice. Furthermore, safrole promoted the activities of macrophages phagocytosis and NK cells' cytotoxicity in leukemic mice when compared with untreated leukemic mice. After determining the cell marker population, we found that safrole promoted the levels of CD3 (T cells), CD19 (B cells) and Mac-3 (macrophages), but it did not affect CD11b (monocytes) in leukemic mice. In conclusion, safrole altered the immune modulation and inhibited the leukemia WEHI-3 cells in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/blood
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Biomarkers/blood
- CD11b Antigen/blood
- CD3 Complex/blood
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Liver/drug effects
- Liver/pathology
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Safrole/pharmacology
- Safrole/therapeutic use
- Spleen/drug effects
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Shun Yu
- Department of Dental Hygiene, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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12
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Wu RSC, Liu KC, Tang NY, Chung HK, Ip SW, Yang JS, Chung JG. cDNA microarray analysis of the gene expression of murine leukemia RAW 264.7 cells after exposure to propofol. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:471-478. [PMID: 21786383 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is the most extensively used general anesthetic-sedative agent and it is employed in clinical patients. It has been shown that propofol exhibits anticancer activities. However, there is no available information to address propofol-induced cytotoxic effects and affected gene expressions on murine leukemia cells. Therefore, we investigated the effects of propofol on the levels of protein and gene expression, which are associated with apoptotic death in mouse leukemia RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Results indicated that propofol induced cell morphological changes, cytotoxicity, and induction of apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Western blot analysis demonstrated that propofol promoted Fas, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and -3 active form and Bax levels, but inhibited Bcl-xl protein level which led to cell apoptosis. Furthermore, cDNA microarray assay indicated that propofol significantly enhanced 5 gene expressions (Gm4884; Gm10883; Lce1c; Lrg1; and LOC100045878) and significantly suppressed 26 gene expressions (Gm10679; Zfp617; LOC621831; LOC621831; Gm5929; Snord116; Gm3994; LOC380994; Gm5592; LOC380994; Gm4638; LOC280487; Gm4638; Tex24; A530064D06Rik; BC094916; EG668725; Gm189; Hist2h3c2; Gm8020; Snord115; Gm3079; Olfr198; Tdh; Snord115; and Olfr1249). Based on these observations, propofol-altered apoptosis-related proteins might result from induction of apoptotic gene expression and inhibition of cell growth gene expression, which finally led to apoptosis in a mouse leukemia cell line (RAW 264.7) in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Sai-Chuen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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13
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Hoarty DJ, Allan P, James SF, Brown CRD, Hobbs LMR, Hill MP, Harris JWO, Morton J, Brookes MG, Shepherd R, Dunn J, Chen H, Von Marley E, Beiersdorfer P, Chung HK, Lee RW, Brown G, Emig J. Observations of the effect of ionization-potential depression in hot dense plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:265003. [PMID: 23848885 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.265003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The newly commissioned Orion laser system has been used to study dense plasmas created by a combination of short pulse laser heating and compression by laser driven shocks. Thus the plasma density was systematically varied between 1 and 10 g/cc by using aluminum samples buried in plastic foils or diamond sheets. The aluminum was heated to electron temperatures between 500 and 700 eV allowing the plasma conditions to be diagnosed by K-shell emission spectroscopy. The K-shell spectra show the effect of the ionization potential depression as a function of density. The data are compared to simulated spectra which account for the change in the ionization potential by the commonly used Stewart and Pyatt prescription and an alternative due to Ecker and Kröll suggested by recent x-ray free-electron laser experiments. The experimental data are in closer agreement with simulations using the model of Stewart and Pyatt.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hoarty
- Directorate of Research and Applied Science, AWE plc, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
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Lee YS, Choi I, Ning Y, Kim NY, Khatchadourian V, Yang D, Chung HK, Choi D, LaBonte MJ, Ladner RD, Nagulapalli Venkata KC, Rosenberg DO, Petasis NA, Lenz HJ, Hong YK. Interleukin-8 and its receptor CXCR2 in the tumour microenvironment promote colon cancer growth, progression and metastasis. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:1833-41. [PMID: 22617157 PMCID: PMC3364111 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death in the United States. Increased level of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and CXCR2 on tumours and in the tumour microenvironment has been associated with CRC growth, progression and recurrence in patients. Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of tissue microenvironment-encoded IL-8 and CXCR2 on colon cancer progression and metastasis. METHODS A novel immunodeficient, skin-specific IL-8-expressing transgenic model was generated to evaluate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Syngeneic mouse colon cancer cells were grafted in CXCR2 knockout (KO) mice to study the contribution of CXCR2 in the microenvironment to cancer growth. RESULTS Elevated levels of IL-8 in the serum and tumour microenvironment profoundly enhanced the growth of human and mouse colon cancer cells with increased peri-tumoural angiogenesis, and also promoted the extravasation of the cancer cells into the lung and liver. The tumour growth was inhibited in CXCR2 KO mice with significantly reduced tumour angiogenesis and increased tumour necrosis. CONCLUSION Increased expression of IL-8 in the tumour microenvironment enhanced colon cancer growth and metastasis. Moreover, the absence of its receptor CXCR2 in the tumour microenvironment prevented colon cancer cell growth. Together, our study demonstrates the critical roles of the tumour microenvironment-encoded IL-8/CXCR2 in colon cancer pathogenesis, validating the pathway as an important therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Lee
- Department of Surgery, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, 1450 Biggy Street NRT6501, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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15
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Yu CS, Huang AC, Yang JS, Yu CC, Lin CC, Chung HK, Huang YP, Chueh FS, Chung JG. Safrole induces G0/G1 phase arrest via inhibition of cyclin E and provokes apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrion-dependent pathways in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:1671-1679. [PMID: 22593445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Safrole, a component of Piper betle inflorescence, is a carcinogen which has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis on human oral cancer HSC-3 cells in vitro and to inhibit HSC-3 cells in xenograft tumor cells in vivo. In our previous study, safrole promoted phagocytosis by macrophages and natural killer cell cytotoxicity in normal BALB/c mice. The cytotoxic effects of safrole on HL-60 cells were investigated by using flow cytometric analysis, comet assay, 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining, western blotting and confocal laser microscopy. The obtained results indicate that safrole induced a cytotoxic response through reducing the percentage of viable cells and induction of apoptosis in HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. DAPI staining and comet assay also showed that safrole induced apoptosis (chromatin condensation) and DNA damage in HL-60 cells. The flow cytometric assay showed that safrole increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential in HL-60 cells. Safrole enhanced the levels of the pro-apoptotic protein BAX, inhibited those of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 and promoted the levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G) in HL-60 cells. Furthermore, safrole promoted the expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153) and of activating transcription factor 6α (ATF-6α). Based on these findings, we suggest that safrole-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells is mediated through the ER stress and intrinsic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Kim S, Youn H, Song MG, Kang JH, Chung HK, Lee DS, Chung JK. Complementary treatment of siTERT for improving the antitumor effect of TERT-specific I-131 therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:263-70. [PMID: 22301953 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sodium iodide symporter (NIS)-based radionuclide therapy provides an effective means of treating malignant tumors. However, it is sometimes inadequate because of limited effects on radio-resistant tumors, and thus, combination therapies with other therapeutic options have been requested to enhance its efficacy. Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been reported to be involved in the progression of most cancers and also been viewed as a good candidate for targeting tumor. Application of TERT-specific radionuclide therapies using NIS gene transfer have been reported to treat TERT-positive tumors, but this approach only demonstrated tumor regression rather than eradication. As inhibiting TERT expression by introducing the hTERT-specific shRNA (siTERT) has been suggested as a therapeutic option, we investigated the complementary role of siTERT treatment after the TERT-specific I-131 therapy and its possibility as a novel anticancer therapeutic strategy. Retroviruses containing TERT promoter/NIS for TERT specific Radionuclide therapy and siTERT for TERT targeting antisense therapy were produced. Hep3B cells expressing TERT specific NIS (Hep3B-TERT/NIS) were xenografted into nude mouse and visualized with micro-SPECT/CT for monitoring NIS activity. The levels of hTERT mRNA, protein and its activity were confirmed by RT-PCR, Western blotting and Telomerase repeat amplification protocol assay. Cell proliferation was monitored by MTT assay and induced apoptosis was confirmed by Annexin-V-PI staining. Therapeutic effects of I-131 and/or siTERT were evaluated by clonogenic assay and mouse tumor model. Reduction of hTERT mRNA, protein and TERT activity by siTERT were observed in Hep3B-TERT/NIS cells. The viabilities of the infected cells were significantly decreased to 50% versus siScramble treated controls. The early apoptotic cell population was increased by siTERT. The survival rates of cells treated with siTERT or I-131 alone were 72.4±7.6% and 56.2±5.2%, respectively. However, the survival rate of cells treated with I-131 and siTERT were decreased to 22.1±2.8%. From mouse xenograft model, we also found that the siTERT gene therapy showed synergism to the radioiodine therapy for reducing tumor growth in vivo. Our Results suggested that complementary siTERT gene therapy offers a novel strategy of cancer therapy to improve the therapeutic efficacy of TERT-specific I-131.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Chung HK, Tsai CH, Lin YC, Chen JM, Tsou YA, Wang CY, Lin CD, Jeng FC, Chung JG, Tsai MH. Effectiveness of Theta-Burst Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treating Chronic Tinnitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 17:112-20. [DOI: 10.1159/000330882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Ip SW, Wu SY, Yu CC, Kuo CL, Yu CS, Yang JS, Lin ZP, Chiou SM, Chung HK, Ho HC, Chung JG. Induction of apoptotic death by curcumin in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC-4 cells is mediated through endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondria-dependent pathways. Cell Biochem Funct 2011; 29:641-50. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Wan Ip
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ying Wu
- Department of Nutrition; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chih Yu
- School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Chao-Lin Kuo
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Chun-Shu Yu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Jai-Sing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
| | - Zen-Pin Lin
- Department of Holistic Wellness; Mingdao University; Changhua; Taiwan
| | - Shang-Ming Chiou
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery and Gamma Knife Center; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
| | | | - Heng-Chien Ho
- Department of Biochemistry; China Medical University; Taichung; Taiwan
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Wu MF, Lu HF, Hsu YM, Tang MC, Chen HC, Lee CS, Yang YY, Yeh MY, Chung HK, Huang YP, Wu CC, Chung JG. Possible reduction of hepatoma formation by Smmu 7721 cells in SCID mice and metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice by Agaricus blazei murill extract. In Vivo 2011; 25:399-404. [PMID: 21576414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Agaricus blazei Murill extract (ABM) has been reported to possess antitumor effects. In this study, the role of ABM in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo was evaluated in experimental Smmu 7721 hepatoma cells in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice and B16F10 melanoma cells lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. For the tumor growth model, the size of the liver tumor mass was about 10 mm to 20 mm in the control group. In comparison with the control group, the tumor mass seem to grow slowly with ABM treatment, especially at the high dose. For the tumor metastasis model, after a six-week treatment, the survival rates of B6 mice were 0%, 30%, 10% and 50% for control group, low, median and high concentration ABM treatment groups, respectively. The survival rate showed that pretreatment of C57BL/6 (B6) mice with ABM lengthened their lifespan after tumor cell inoculation, which supports the notion that ABM successfully reduced lung metastasis formation by B16F10 melanoma cells. The treatment effect was dependent on the concentration of ABM for tumor growth and metastasis in these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fang Wu
- Animal Medicine Center, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Chou ST, Peng HY, Chang CT, Yang JS, Chung HK, Yang ST, Wood WG, Chung JG. Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb and Zucc. extract inhibits growth and induces cell death through G2/M-phase arrest and activation of apoptotic signals in colo 205 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:1667-1676. [PMID: 21617225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The effects of 50% ethanolic stem extracts of Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb and Zucc. (ZASZ) on the cell viability, cell cycle and apoptosis were investigated in a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (colo 205). The results demonstrated that ZASZ induced morphological changes and decreased the cell viability. ZASZ promoted Wee1, checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2), p21 and p53 levels, decreased cyclin B and cdc25c associated with that led to G(2)/M phase arrest. ZASZ-triggered apoptosis was confirmed by 4' -6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and DNA gel electrophoresis. ZASZ increased the levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and growth arrest and DNA damage inducible gene 153 (GADD153), and promoted an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca(2+) release, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) accompanied by cytochrome c release that was due to the decrease of Bcl-2 and increase of Bax levels in the colo 205 cells. ZASZ also induced the protein levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and endonuclease G (Endo G), increased the levels of caspase-3, -7 and -9, and stimulated the levels of fatty acid synthase (Fas) and Fas ligand in the colo 205 cells. ZASZ contains phenolic compounds, including flavone, chlorogenic acid and isofraxidin, among which, flavone was found to be the most effective in reducing cell viability and proliferative responses in the colo 205 cells. ZASZ induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colo 205 cells which provides the rationale for studies in animal models on the utilization of ZASZ as a potential cancer therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Tze Chou
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Jeng FC, Schnabel EA, Dickman BM, Hu J, Li X, Lin CD, Chung HK. Early Maturation of Frequency-Following Responses to Voice Pitch in Infants with Normal Hearing. Percept Mot Skills 2010; 111:765-84. [DOI: 10.2466/10.22.24.pms.111.6.765-784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural plasticity of pitch processing mechanisms at the human brainstem, as reflected by the scalp-recorded frequency-following response (FFR) to voice pitch, has been reported for normal-hearing adults. Characteristics and maturation of such a response during the first year of life have remained unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of FFR to voice pitch in normal-hearing infants and to make a direct comparison with adults using the same stimulus and recording parameters. 9 infants and 9 adults were recruited. A Chinese monosyllable that mimics the English vowel /i/ with a rising pitch was used to elicit the FFR to voice pitch. The results demonstrated that infant FFRs showed slightly larger Pitch Strength but comparable Frequency Error, Slope Error, and Tracking Accuracy to those obtained from adults. Early maturation of FFRs was also observed in the infants starting from 1 to 3 mo. of age.
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Jeng FC, Hu J, Dickman B, Lin CY, Lin CD, Wang CY, Chung HK, Li X. Evaluation of two algorithms for detecting human frequency-following responses to voice pitch. Int J Audiol 2010; 50:14-26. [DOI: 10.3109/14992027.2010.515620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hoarty DJ, James SF, Brown CRD, Williams BM, Guymer T, Hill M, Morton J, Chapman D, Shepherd R, Dunn J, Brown G, Schneider M, Beiersdorfer P, Chung HK, Harris JWO, Upcraft L, Smith CC, Lee RW. High temperature, high density opacity measurements using short pulse lasers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/244/1/012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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25
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Chung HK, Lin CC, Wang CY, Lin CD, Tsai MH, Chang CS. Improvement in otitis media with effusion in patients undergoing tracheostomy after prolonged endotracheal intubation. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2009; 38:532-536. [PMID: 19769822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Otitis media with effusion (OME) has a higher incidence in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This observational study sought to examine the effect of tracheostomy on OME in critically ill patients and explore the predisposing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-seven ICU patients who had undergone prolonged intubation (more than 14 days) received traditional tracheostomies. Otoscopic examination, tympanometry, and spectral gradient acoustic reflectometry were performed both at the time of the tracheostomy and 7 days later. We collected data on the patients' demographics (age and gender), underlying diseases, duration of intubation prior to the tracheostomy, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, length of antibiotic use, level of consciousness, and presence of nasogastric tubes. RESULTS At the time of the tracheostomy, 25 (46%) ears from 14 (52%) patients were classified as cases of OME, 17 (31%) ears and 7 (26%) patients as normal cases, and 12 (11%) ears from 6 (11%) patients as cases of negative pressure in the tympanic cavity. Seven days after the tracheostomy, OME was resolved in 17 (68%) ears and persisted in 6 (24%) ears, whereas negative pressure developed in 2 (8%) ears. Our data showed that the incidence of OME reduced from 46% to 22% after tracheostomy was performed on the patients. CONCLUSION The incidence of OME in adult ICU patients who were intubated for more than 14 days was found to reduce after tracheostomy. Notably, the rate of improvement in the conscious patients was significantly higher than that in the unconscious patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
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26
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Chung HK, Kang B, Lee JH, Shim JY, Park S, Lee SH, Park YK, Park E, Chung N, Shin MJ. Increased arterial stiffness is associated with reduced plasma levels of beta-carotene in treated hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2009; 19:e9-e11. [PMID: 19505810 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2008] [Revised: 02/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Chung HK, Wang CY, Lin CD, Lo YC, Tsai MH. High resolution computed tomography analysis of the temporal bone. Neuroradiol J 2008; 21:393-400. [PMID: 24256911 DOI: 10.1177/197140090802100316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Detailed radiological assessment by high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of temporal bone is demanded before any temporal bone or skull base surgery. The aim of this study was to measure the relations between the anatomical landmarks of the temporal bone and to assist the otolaryngologist in establishing accurate preoperative evaluation. We enrolled 43 patients who underwent temporal bone HRCT between February 2004 and May 2004. Contiguous axial and coronal images at 1.0 mm thickness were obtained. Some landmarks such as the superior and inferior lips of the internal acoustic canal (IAC), the malleoincus joint, and the posterior semicircular canal were labeled in the coronal and axial views. Then we measured the distance between them. Average IAC diameter in the coronal and axial views was 5.33 mm and 6.92 mm. Average IAC length in the coronal and axial views was 12.29 mm and 11.09 mm. The thickness of the retrolabyrinthine bone was 3.78 mm. The incidence of thinning bone overlying the superior semicircular canal was 2.3%. Our data could be applied to normal distribution because there were no statistical differences between the measurements of normal ears and diseased ears. Several specific measurements can be applied to the preoperative evaluation of vestibular schwannoma including the retrosigmoid approach, the translabyrinthine approach and the middle fossa approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiung-Kwang Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital; Taichung City, Taiwan (R.O.C.) -
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28
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Brown GV, Hansen SB, Träbert E, Beiersdorfer P, Widmann K, Chen H, Chung HK, Clementson JHT, Gu MF, Thorn DB. Investigation of the 2p_{32}-3d_{52} line emission of Au;{53+}-Au;{69+} for diagnosing high energy density plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2008; 77:066406. [PMID: 18643382 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.066406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the L -shell emission of highly charged gold ions were made under controlled laboratory conditions using the SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap, allowing detailed spectral observations of lines from Fe-like Au53+ through Ne-like Au69+ . Using atomic data from the Flexible Atomic Code, we have identified strong 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features that can be used to diagnose the charge state distribution in high energy density plasmas, such as those found in the laser entrance hole of hot hohlraum radiation sources. We provide collisional-radiative calculations of the average ion charge Z as a function of temperature and density, which can be used to relate charge state distributions inferred from 3d_{52}-->2p_{32} emission features to plasma conditions, and investigate the effects of plasma density on calculated L -shell Au emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Brown
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-9234, USA
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29
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Ping Y, Shepherd R, Lasinski BF, Tabak M, Chen H, Chung HK, Fournier KB, Hansen SB, Kemp A, Liedahl DA, Widmann K, Wilks SC, Rozmus W, Sherlock M. Absorption of short laser pulses on solid targets in the ultrarelativistic regime. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:085004. [PMID: 18352633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.085004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2007] [Revised: 08/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We report the first direct measurements of total absorption of short laser pulses on solid targets in the ultrarelativistic regime. The data show an enhanced absorption at intensities above 10(20) W/cm(2), reaching 60% for near-normal incidence and 80%-90% for 45 degrees incidence. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate that such high absorption is consistent with both interaction with preplasma and hole boring by the intense laser pulse. A large redshift in the second harmonic indicates a surface recession velocity of 0.035c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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30
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Chen H, Shepherd R, Chung HK, Kemp A, Hansen SB, Wilks SC, Ping Y, Widmann K, Fournier KB, Dyer G, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Beiersdorfer P. Fast-electron-relaxation measurement for laser-solid interaction at relativistic laser intensities. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 76:056402. [PMID: 18233771 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.76.056402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Revised: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of the fast-electron-relaxation time in short-pulse (0.5 ps) laser-solid interactions for laser intensities of 10(17), 10(18), and 10(19) Wcm2, using a picosecond time-resolved x-ray spectrometer and a time-integrated electron spectrometer. We find that the laser coupling to hot electrons increases as the laser intensity becomes relativistic, and that the thermalization of fast electrons occurs over time scales on the order of 10 ps at all laser intensities. The experimental data are analyzed using a combination of models that include Kalpha generation, collisional coupling, and plasma expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Physics and Advanced Technologies, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Cristillo AD, Lisziewicz J, He L, Lori F, Galmin L, Trocio JN, Unangst T, Whitman L, Hudacik L, Bakare N, Whitney S, Restrepo S, Suschak J, Ferrari MG, Chung HK, Kalyanaraman VS, Markham P, Pal R. HIV-1 prophylactic vaccine comprised of topical DermaVir prime and protein boost elicits cellular immune responses and controls pathogenic R5 SHIV162P3. Virology 2007; 366:197-211. [PMID: 17499328 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 03/29/2007] [Accepted: 04/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topical DNA vaccination (DermaVir) facilitates antigen presentation to naive T cells. DermaVir immunization in mice, using HIV-1 Env and Gag, elicited cellular immune responses. Boosting with HIV-1 gp120 Env and p41 Gag augmented Th1 cytokine levels. Intramuscular DNA administration was less efficient in priming antigen-specific cytokine production and memory T cells. In rhesus macaques, DermaVir immunization induced Gag- and Env-specific Th1 and Th2 cytokines and generation of memory T cells. Boosting of DermaVir-primed serum antibody levels was noted following gp140(SHIV89.6P)/p27(SIV) immunization. Rectal challenge with pathogenic R5-tropic SHIV162P3 resulted in control of plasma viremia (4/5 animals) that was reflected in jejunum, colon and mesenteric lymph nodes. An inverse correlation was found between Gag- and Env-specific central memory T cell responses on the day of challenge and plasma viremia at set point. Overall, the topical DermaVir/protein vaccination yields central memory T cell responses and facilitates control of pathogenic SHIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Cristillo
- Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc., 5510 Nicholson Lane, Kensington, MD 20895, USA.
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32
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Hansen SB, Faenov AY, Pikuz TA, Fournier KB, Shepherd R, Chen H, Widmann K, Wilks SC, Ping Y, Chung HK, Niles A, Hunter JR, Dyer G, Ditmire T. Temperature determination using Kalpha spectra from M -shell Ti ions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2005; 72:036408. [PMID: 16241580 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.72.036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The compact multipulse terawatt (COMET) laser facility at LLNL was used to irradiate Al-coated 2-50 microm Ti foils with approximately 10(19) W cm(-2) , 500 fs, 3-6 J laser pulses. Laser-plasma interactions on the front side of the target generate hot electrons with sufficient energy to excite inner-shell electrons in Ti, creating Kalpha emission which has been measured using a focusing spectrometer with spatial resolution aimed at the back surface of the targets. The spatial extent of the emission varies with target thickness. The high spectral resolution (lambda/Deltalambda approximately equal to 3800) is sufficient to measure broadening of the Kalpha emission feature due to the emergence of blueshifted satellites from ionized Ti in a heated region of the target. A self-consistent-field model is used to spectroscopically diagnose thermal electron temperatures up to 40 eV in the strongly coupled Ti plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Hansen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-473, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jung
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, San 56-1, Shillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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34
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Adams ML, Lee RW, Scott HA, Chung HK, Klein L. Complex atomic spectral line shapes in the presence of an external magnetic field. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 66:066413. [PMID: 12513418 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.66.066413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Both the theoretical basis and the computational approach for extending the capabilities of an established spectral line broadening code are presented. By following standard line broadening theory, the effects of an external magnetic field are incorporated into the plasma average and atomic Hamiltonian. An external magnetic field introduces a preferential axis that destroys the symmetry of the quasistatic electric ion microfield. An external magnetic field also modifies the angular properties of the atomic Hamiltonian-atomic energy levels are perturbed and the spectral emission line is polarized. These extensions have been incorporated in an atomic line shape code for complex atoms and applied to several problems of importance to the understanding of tokamak edge plasmas. Applications fall into two broad categories: (1) determination of local plasma properties, such as the magnetic field strength, from distinct line shape features; and (2) consideration of global plasma phenomenon, such as radiation transport. Observable features of the Zeeman effect make H(alpha) a good line for diagnosing the magnetic field. H(beta) does not make a good electron density diagnostic since the Zeeman effect is comparable to the Stark effect for a majority of tokamak edge plasma conditions. For optically thick lines, the details of the spectral line shapes are shown to significantly influence the transport of radiation throughout the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Adams
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NW16-230, 167 Albany Street, Cambridge 02139, USA.
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35
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Han DU, Choi C, Kim J, Cho WS, Chung HK, Ha SK, Jung K, Chae C. Anti-microbial susceptibility for east1 + Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic pigs in Korea. J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health 2002; 49:346-8. [PMID: 12420870 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro susceptibilities of 128 isolates of east1 + Escherichia coli from pre-weaned and post-weaned pigs with diarrhoea were tested with nine commonly used anti-microbial agents by an agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) procedure according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines. For the isolates from preweaned and post-weaned pigs, most of them were susceptible to low concentrations (MIC90) of tetracycline (4 and 2 microg/ml), ceftiofur (2 and 2 microg/ml), and colistin (4 and 2 microg/ml). Marked resistance was found in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- D U Han
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Kyounggi Do, Republic of Korea
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36
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Kim Y, Kim JM, Kim JW, Yoo CI, Lee CR, Lee JH, Kim HK, Yang SO, Chung HK, Lee DS, Jeon B. Dopamine transporter density is decreased in parkinsonian patients with a history of manganese exposure: what does it mean? Mov Disord 2002; 17:568-75. [PMID: 12112209 DOI: 10.1002/mds.10089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure can cause parkinsonism. Pathological changes occur mostly in the pallidum and striatum. Two patients with a long history of occupational Mn exposure presented with Mn-induced parkinsonism. In one patient, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed findings consistent with Mn exposure, and Mn concentration was increased in the blood and urine. However, this patient's clinical features were typical of idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD). Previous pathological and positron emission tomography studies indicate that striatal dopamine transporter density is normal in Mn-induced parkinsonism, whereas it is decreased in PD. Therefore, we performed [(123)I]-(1r)-2 beta-carboxymethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane ([(123)I]-beta-CIT) single-photon emission computed tomography. Severe reduction of striatal beta-CIT binding was indicated, which is consistent with PD. We propose three interpretations: (1) the patients have PD, and Mn exposure is incidental; (2) Mn induces selective degeneration of presynaptic dopaminergic nerve terminals, thereby causing parkinsonism; or (3) Mn exposure acts as a risk of PD in these patients. Our results and careful review of previous studies indicate that the axiom that Mn causes parkinsonism by pallidal lesion may be over-simplified; Mn exposure and parkinsonism may be more complex than previously thought. Further studies are required to elucidate the relationship between Mn and various forms of parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Ulsan School of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea
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37
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Choi C, Han DU, Kim J, Cho WS, Chung HK, Jung T, Yoon BS, Chae C. Prevalence of Brachyspira pilosicoli in Korean pigs, determined using a nested PCR. Vet Rec 2002; 150:217-8. [PMID: 11878441 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.7.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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38
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Kwon D, Choi C, Jung T, Chung HK, Kim JP, Bae SS, Cho WS, Kim J, Chae C. Genotypic prevalence of the fimbrial adhesins (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18) and toxins (LT, STa, STb and STx2e) in Escherichia coli isolated from postweaning pigs with diarrhoea or oedema disease in Korea. Vet Rec 2002; 150:35-7. [PMID: 11829064 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A PCR was used to determine the genotypic prevalence of five fimbrial adhesins (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18), two heat-stable enterotoxins (STa and STb), the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT), and the shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e) in 230 isolates of Escherichia coli from postweaning pigs with diarrhoea or oedema disease. Ninety-four (40.9 per cent) of the isolates carried genes for at least one of the fimbrial adhesins or toxins. Genes for the F18 fimbrial adhesin were detected in 18.3 per cent, and genes for F4, F6, F5 and F41 were detected in 10.0 per cent, 4.3 per cent, 1.7 per cent and 0.8 per cent of the isolates, respectively. Genes for STa, STb and LT were detected in 25.7 per cent, 15.2 per cent and 8.7 per cent of the isolates, respectively. Genes for Stx2e were detected in 36 (15.6 per cent) of the isolates, and among them 24 also contained the gene for F18ab and four also contained the gene for F18ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Kyounggi-Do, Republic of Korea
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39
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Kim H, Park S, Suh JM, Chung HK, Shong M, Kwon OY. Thyroid-stimulating hormone transcriptionally regulates the thiol-specific antioxidant gene. Cell Physiol Biochem 2002; 11:247-52. [PMID: 11684813 DOI: 10.1159/000047810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiol-specific antioxidant (TSA) plays an important role in regulating cell differentiation and proliferation by modulating the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mediated responses in a variety of mammalian cells. Thyroid cells are constantly exposed to the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS), because they produce high levels of H2O2 in response to the physiological action of TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone). Thyrocytes have several defense mechanisms against ROS, including TSA and SOD (superoxide anion dismutase). Using Northern blot hybridization, we tested the effects of TSH on TSA gene expression in FRTL-5 cells derived from rat thyroids. TSA mRNA expression increased following treatment of cells with TSH at concentrations greater than 10(-9) M. This effect was observed within 6 hours following treatment, and peaked at 8 hours. The effect was blocked by actinomycin D, but not by cycloheximide. The half-life of TSA mRNA was approximately 5.5 hours in the presence or absence of TSH, and that was not affected by TSA mRNA stability. The effects on TSA gene expression were specific to TSH. Other growth factors (e.g., insulin, transferrin and hydrocortisone) did not alter TSA expression. Our results are the first indication that TSH regulates the expression of TSA transcriptionally in thyrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University, Taejon, Korea
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40
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Park JH, Kwon HW, Chung HK, Kim IH, Ahn K, Choi EJ, Pastan I, Choe M. A divalent recombinant immunotoxin formed by a disulfide bond between the extension peptide chains. Mol Cells 2001; 12:398-402. [PMID: 11804341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recombinant immunotoxin for the treatment of cancer was made by connecting toxins to 'carcinoma-specific' antibodies that selectively bind to cancer cells, then kills them without harming the normal cells. The divalent recombinant immunotoxin, [B3(Fab)-ext-PE38]2, is a derivative of B3(Fab)-PE38. B3(Fab)-PE38 was made by fusing the Fab domain of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) B3 to PE38, a truncated mutant form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). In this study, B3(Fab)-ext-PE38 was constructed, which has the hinge region of the B3(Fab)-PE38 extended with the peptide extension, G4C(G4S)2, and connected to the C3 connector. The Cys residue of the extension peptide chain makes the disulfide bond between the two Fab domains. The extension sequence (ext) makes the dimerization of B3(Fab)-ext-PE38 easier to form the divalent immunotoxin, because it decreases the steric hindrance between the two PE38s. The constructed genes were expressed in E. coli as inclusion bodies. Polypeptides that were obtained from the inclusion body were refolded, and the active forms were purified. The ID50 values of the divalent molecule, [B3(Fab)-ext-PE38]2, were about 4 ng/ml on A431 cell lines, about 1 ng/ml on CRL1739 cell lines, and 5 ng/ml on MCF-7 cell lines. The [B3(Fab)-ext-PE38]2 showed about a 12-fold higher cytotoxicity on CRL1739 cell lines than B3(scFv)-PE40 did.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Park
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul
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41
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Abstract
An animal-health monitoring system in the Gyeongnam area was started in 1997 to develop statistically valid data for use in estimating disease frequencies in dairy cattle, and the associated costs. The objectives of this study were to: (1) describe what was done to implement and maintain the system in Gyeongnam; (2) present selected disease frequencies; (3) discuss the epidemiological consideration of what was done and implications for results obtained. Veterinary medical officers (VMOs), comprising professors and graduate students from Gyeongsang National University, faculty of Gyeongnam Livestock Promotion Institute and clinic veterinarians, served as data collectors. After training on current disease and management problems of dairy cattle, interview techniques, sampling methods and data-collection instruments, the VMOs participated in selection of the sample herds and data gathering. Forty (n=40) of 167 dairy herds were selected randomly using a computer-generated list of random numbers and the VMOs visited farms once in a month for 12 months to collect data about management, disease, inventory, production, preventive treatment, financial and other relevant data. Strict data-quality control devices were used. Specific feed-back was developed for the producers and data collectors. The six disorders found most frequently in cows (from the highest to the lowest) were breeding problems, clinical mastitis, birth problems, gastrointestinal problems, metabolic problems and lameness. In young stock, respiratory, multiple system, breeding and gastrointestinal problems were predominant, whereas in calves, gastrointestinal, respiratory and integumental problems predominated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Jong
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam 660-701, South Korea.
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42
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Ha M, Kim J, Park J, Chung HK. Blood pressure and heart rate variability in workers of 8-hour shifts. J Hum Ergol (Tokyo) 2001; 30:229-33. [PMID: 14564887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of shiftwork on the cardiovascular system. The blood pressure (BP) and heart rate variability (HRV) of 134 male workers, who worked 8-hour shifts with rapid rotation of shifts at 3-day intervals, were examined for all the three shifts. In addition, the job stress was measured by Karasek's JCQ 49-item questionnaire and the circadian type was assessed by the morningness-eveningness questionnaire. The smoking and alcohol drinking habits, marital status and past medical history were also obtained. The method of analyzing the measured data based on a mixed model was used to illustrate the association between the shiftwork duration and the BP or HRV. The average age of workers was 29 years (between 25-44). Among them, 77.9% were current smokers, 50% showed the passive type of job strain in Karasek's model. The mean shiftwork duration was 5.21 years (range 5.4 months--10 years). In the circadian type, none of them belonged to a definitely morning type or a definitely evening type. In the multivariate analysis adjusted by age, job strain, shift, circadian rhythm and smoking, the blood pressure showed significantly increasing trends according to shiftwork duration in both the systolic and diastolic BP. The heart rate variability also showed a significantly decreasing trend according to the shiftwork duration in both the parasympathetic and sympathetic functions (p < 0.05). These results suggests that there are negative health effects arising from shiftwork on the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ha
- Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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43
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Abstract
The 4-anilinoquinazoline PD 153035 (1) is a potential antitumor agent which acts by inhibiting tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor (EFGR) via competitive binding at the ATP site of enzyme. A series of cyclic analogues of PD 153035 bearing the 1,4-dioxane ring was prepared by reaction of 6-chloro derivative 5 with several aniline nucleophiles. These were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the EGFR kinase and the growth of primary human tumor cell cultures. All of the new 4-anilinoquinazolines exhibited less potency than PD 153035 against EGFR kinase. However, compounds 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, and 2h showed higher inhibitory activities than PD 153035 against the growth of A431 tumor cell line. The compound 2b containing 3-chloroaniline ring was as potent as PD 153035 against EGFR kinase and showed about 5.4-fold better potency than PD153035 in the inhibition of growth of A431 cell line with good selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Center, Korea Institute of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul 130-650, Korea.
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44
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Kim H, Lee TH, Hwang YS, Bang MA, Kim KH, Suh JM, Chung HK, Yu DY, Lee KK, Kwon OY, Ro HK, Shong M. Methimazole as an antioxidant and immunomodulator in thyroid cells: mechanisms involving interferon-gamma signaling and H(2)O(2) scavenging. Mol Pharmacol 2001; 60:972-80. [PMID: 11641425 DOI: 10.1124/mol.60.5.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The antithyroid drug, methimazole (MMI) is used to treat patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism. The major action of MMI is to inhibit synthesis of thyroid hormone in the thyroid gland. However, MMI also has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects on thyrocytes and/or immune cells. This study identifies novel antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of MMI involving the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) signaling pathway in thyroid cells. MMI inhibits transcription of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) gene by modulating the function of transcription factor STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1), which binds to the IFN-gamma activated site of the ICAM-1 promoter. Furthermore, MMI rapidly eliminates H(2)O(2) produced by IFN-gamma treatment in thyroid cells and thus inhibits the H(2)O(2)-mediated phosphorylation of tyrosine 701 in STAT1. MMI also eliminates H(2)O(2) in vitro. MMI facilitates electron transfer from NADPH to H(2)O(2) using thioredoxin or glutathione, fulfilling a role similar to peroxiredoxin or glutathione peroxidase, respectively. MMI prevents the IFN-gamma and H(2)O(2)-mediated reversible inactivation of phosphatases. These effects inhibit full activation of the IFN-gamma-induced Janus kinase(JAK)/STAT signaling pathway in FRTL-5 thyroid cells. These results may in part explain the antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects of MMI in thyroid cells of Graves' disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yusong, Taejon, Korea
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45
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Park WB, Lyu SY, Kim JH, Choi SH, Chung HK, Ahn SH, Hong SY, Yoon TJ, Choi MJ. Inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis by Korean mistletoe lectin is associated with apoptosis and antiangiogenesis. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2001; 16:439-47. [PMID: 11776761 DOI: 10.1089/108497801753354348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mistletoe lectins are major active components in the extract of European mistletoes that have been widely used in adjuvant chemotherapy of cancer. This study was performed to investigate the mechanism of anticancer and antimetastatic activity of the purified Korean mistletoe lectin (Viscum album L. coloratum agglutinin, VCA). C57BL6 mice inoculated with B16-BL6 melanoma cells and treated with VCA were assessed for survival and metastasis. The induction of apoptosis of B16-BL6 cells by VCA was investigated by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation characteristics, and cell cycle analysis. The antiangiogenic activity of VCA was also measured by the CAM (choriallantoic membrane) assay. Length of survival of mice was increased and lung metastasis was inhibited by VCA. Treatment of cells with VCA resulted in growth suppression, nuclear morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, and an increased fraction of cells in sub-G1 consistent with apoptosis. Antiangiogenesis of VCA was assessed by CAM assay, where vessel growth induced by fat emulsion was decreased. These results suggest that VCA inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by increasing apoptosis and inhibiting angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Allantois/blood supply
- Allantois/drug effects
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Chick Embryo
- Chorion/blood supply
- Chorion/drug effects
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Melanoma, Experimental/blood supply
- Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy
- Melanoma, Experimental/pathology
- Melanoma, Experimental/secondary
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Plant Preparations
- Plant Proteins
- Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
- Toxins, Biological/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Park
- College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea.
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46
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Yu IJ, Song KS, Chang HK, Han JH, Kim KJ, Chung YH, Maeng SH, Park SH, Han KT, Chung KH, Chung HK. Lung fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats, induced by exposure to manual metal arc-stainless steel welding fumes. Toxicol Sci 2001; 63:99-106. [PMID: 11509749 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/63.1.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the disease process of pneumoconiosis induced by welding-fume exposure, a lung fibrosis model was established by building a stainless steel arc welding fume generation system and exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats for 90 days. The rats were exposed to welding fumes with concentrations of 57-67 mg/m3 (low dose) and 105-118 mg/m3 (high dose) total suspended particulates for 2 h per day in an inhalation chamber for 90 days. The concentrations of the main metals, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Ni, were measured in the welding fumes, plus the gaseous compounds, including nitrous gases and ozone, were monitored. During the exposure period, the animals were sacrificed after the initial 2-h exposure and after 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. Histopathological examinations were conducted on the animals' upper respiratory tract, including the nasal pathway and conducting airway, plus the gas exchange region, including the alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli. When compared to the control group, the lung weights did not increase significantly in the low-dose group, yet in the high-dose group there was a significant increase from day 15 to day 90. The histopathological examination combined with fibrosis-specific staining (Masson's trichrome) indicated that the lungs in the low-dose group did not exhibit any progressive fibrotic changes. Whereas, the lungs in the high-dose group exhibited early delicate fibrosis from day 15, which progressed into the perivascular and peribronchiolar regions by day 30. Interstitial fibrosis appeared at day 60 and became prominent by day 90, along with the additional appearance of pleural fibrosis. Accordingly, it would appear that a significant dose of welding-fume exposure was required to induce lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Yu
- Center for Occupational Toxicology, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, 104-8 Moonji-dong, Yusung-gu, Taejon, 305-380, Korea.
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47
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Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been widely accepted that the epitope(s) and/or functional characteristics of thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) from Graves' patients are heterogenous among patients. However, the clinical significance of such heterogeneity has not been systematically evaluated yet. We were to elucidate and find the clinical significance of heterogeneity for TSH receptor antibodies in Graves' disease. METHODS We measured stimulating TSHRAb (TSAb) activities using CHO-hTSHR cells, FRTL-5 cells and chimeric receptor expressing cells (Mc1 + 2 and Mc2), specific blocking TSHRAb (TSBAb) activities using Mc2 cells and TBII activities using porcine thyroid membrane in 136 patients with untreated hyperthyroid Graves' disease. RESULTS Based on various TSHRAb activities from each patient, the patients could be categorized into 7 subgroups by cluster analysis; 1) Group 1 (n = 41) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities both in CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, typical TSAb epitope, rare blocking antibodies and high TBII activities. 2) Group 2 (n = 16) was characterized by the presence of blocking TSHRAb in most patients, albeit the other characteristics were the same as those in Group 1. 3) Group 3 (n = 19) patients had low TSAb activities both in CHO-hTSHR cells and in FRTL-5 cells, seldom had blocking TSHRAb, but they had high TBII activities. 4) Group 4 (n = 30) could be categorized as 'mild disease' group, as they had low activities in all kinds of TSHRAb assay and had low antimicrosomal antibody activities. 5) Group 5 (n = 14) was characterized by moderate TSAb activities with atypical epitope(s), rare blocking TSHRAb and moderate TBII activities. 6) Group 6 (n = 10) patients had very high TSAb activities with typical epitopes, seldom blocking TSHRAb and low TBII activities. 7) Group 7 (n = 6) was characterized by very high TSAb activities with atypical epitopes and high TBII activities. Pretreatment serum thyroid hormone level was low only in group 4 patients compared to the other 6 groups (p < 0.05). The size of goiter was significantly larger in those in group 1 and group 3 (p < 0.05) compared to the other 5 groups. The prevalence of clinically significant ophthalmopathy was higher in group 2 patients than the other 6 groups (50% vs. 27.5%, p = 0.06). Among 6 kinds of TSHRAb activities, only the blocking TSHRAb activity was significantly associated with the presence of ophthalmopathy in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the differences in epitopes for TSAb or the presence of blocking TSHRAb is not a major factor in determining the degree of thyrotoxicosis in Graves' disease. Although the pathogenic mechanism is not clear yet, we suggest that patients with ophthalmopathy have different TSHRAb repertoire from those without ophthalmopathy in Graves' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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48
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Hong KM, Jang SJ, Kong G, Song KY, Park JG, Kim DJ, Chung JH, Lee JH, Paik MK, Chung HK. A novel tumor-associated mucin of gastrointestinal carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001; 127:551-8. [PMID: 11570576 DOI: 10.1007/s004320100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify a new tumor-associated antigen, a monoclonal antibody, SC142, was produced by immunizing mice with a stomach cancer cell line. The tumor specificity of mAb SC142 was studied by immunohistochemical staining, and the biochemical characteristics of this new gastrointestinal tumor-associated antigen were also studied. METHODS The expression of SC142-reactive antigen was investigated in various cancers by immunohistochemical staining. The SC142-reactive antigen was characterized by immunoblotting, sodium metaperiodate treatment assay, O-glycanase digestion assay, and lectin binding assay. RESULTS The SC142-reactive antigen was highly expressed in 78% of gastric cancers (29/37) and 87% of colon cancers (27/31). No normal colon or stomach tissues remote from the tumor were positive for the antigen. The antibody also reacted with other tumors of epithelial origin such as lung squamous cell cancer (2/4), breast ductal cancer (2/20), bladder transitional cell carcinoma (4/6), and uterine cancer (3/16). Western blot analysis of the antigen revealed glycoprotein(s) which migrated as a smear ranging from the origin of the gel to about the 80 kDa region. The reactivity of this antigen with SC142 was reduced by sodium metaperiodate treatment or O-glycanase digestion, but not by N-glycanase, suggesting that the epitope is an O-glycan. In lectin-binding assay, this antigen reacted only with wheat germ agglutinin but not with Ricinus communis agglutinin, Datura stramonium agglutinin, and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the antigen defined by SC142 is a tumor-associated antigen that could differentiate the gastrointestinal cancer cells from the normal cells. Therefore, SC142 may become a valuable tool for the immunohistochemical diagnosis and tumor immunoscintigraphy of the gastrointestinal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonkwang University College of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
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49
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Jeong SH, Kim WM, Chang CL, Kim JM, Lee K, Chong Y, Hwang HY, Baek YW, Chung HK, Woo IG, Ku JY. Neonatal intensive care unit outbreak caused by a strain of Klebsiella oxytoca resistant to aztreonam due to overproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase. J Hosp Infect 2001; 48:281-8. [PMID: 11461129 DOI: 10.1053/jhin.2001.1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella oxytoca strains resistant to both aztreonam and ceftriaxone were isolated from six neonates in a neonatal intensive care unit and water reservoirs of two humidifiers attached to the neonatal incubators. These isolates were assumed to be of the same clone because they were characterized by the same antimicrobial susceptibility and pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns. It was established that the drug resistance was attributed to overproduction of chromosomally encoded Kl beta-lactamase. It was determined that an isolate (K. oxytoca H1) contained a high enzyme concentration (27microg/100microg of protein in enzyme extracts), at least 27 times higher than the control K. oxytoca N1. It was also demonstrated that isolates had a point mutation in the - 35 concensus region of the promotor gene of bla(OXY-2)leading to enzyme overproduction. Outbreaks caused by K1 hyperproducers have not previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jeong
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Pusan, Korea.
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50
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Abstract
Presuming that overtime work may associate with chronic fatigue and then decrease cardiovascular function, this report was prepared to find out the definite positive relationship between long working hours and subjective fatigue complaints. We analysed the data of a field survey of 238 men who were working at the department of research & development of three electronics manufacturing companies in S. Korea. The field survey consisted of self-report questionnaires on the working hours, health conditions, and fatigue. For data analysis, the subjects were divided into 3 groups on the criteria of 60 and 70 working hours per week: less longer (LLWH), longer (LWH), and more longer (MLWH) working hour groups. We compared the age-adjusted mean % scores of fatigue complaints among LLWH, LWH, and MLWH. The rate of complaints of subjective fatigue before going to work for LWH and MLWH tended to be significantly higher than those for LLWH. Hence, we conclude that the questionnaire on the subjective fatigue complaints is a good screening tool for early detection of cumulative fatigue due to chronic job stress such as long working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Park
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, Inchon, S.Korea
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