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Vanni I, Romolo N. Disentangling brain PrP C proteoforms and their roles in physiology and disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:963-965. [PMID: 37862190 PMCID: PMC10749598 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nonno Romolo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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2
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Bertuccini L, Boussadia Z, Salzano AM, Vanni I, Passerò I, Nocita E, Scaloni A, Sanchez M, Sargiacomo M, Fiani ML, Tosini F. Unveiling Cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite-derived extracellular vesicles: profiling, origin, and protein composition. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1367359. [PMID: 38660488 PMCID: PMC11039866 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1367359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a common cause of a zoonotic disease and a main cause of diarrhea in newborns. Effective drugs or vaccines are still lacking. Oocyst is the infective form of the parasite; after its ingestion, the oocyst excysts and releases four sporozoites into the host intestine that rapidly attack the enterocytes. The membrane protein CpRom1 is a large rhomboid protease that is expressed by sporozoites and recognized as antigen by the host immune system. In this study, we observed the release of CpRom1 with extracellular vesicles (EVs) that was not previously described. To investigate this phenomenon, we isolated and resolved EVs from the excystation medium by differential ultracentrifugation. Fluorescence flow cytometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments identified two types of sporozoite-derived vesicles: large extracellular vesicles (LEVs) and small extracellular vesicles (SEVs). Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) revealed mode diameter of 181 nm for LEVs and 105 nm for SEVs, respectively. Immunodetection experiments proved the presence of CpRom1 and the Golgi protein CpGRASP in LEVs, while immune-electron microscopy trials demonstrated the localization of CpRom1 on the LEVs surface. TEM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that LEVs were generated by means of the budding of the outer membrane of sporozoites; conversely, the origin of SEVs remained uncertain. Distinct protein compositions were observed between LEVs and SEVs as evidenced by their corresponding electrophoretic profiles. Indeed, a dedicated proteomic analysis identified 5 and 16 proteins unique for LEVs and SEVs, respectively. Overall, 60 proteins were identified in the proteome of both types of vesicles and most of these proteins (48 in number) were already identified in the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles from other organisms. Noteworthy, we identified 12 proteins unique to Cryptosporidium spp. and this last group included the immunodominant parasite antigen glycoprotein GP60, which is one of the most abundant proteins in both LEVs and SEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Salzano
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry laboratory, ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, SANV, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Passerò
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Nocita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics, Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry laboratory, ISPAAM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Sargiacomo
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Fiani
- National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tosini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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3
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Masone A, Zucchelli C, Caruso E, Lavigna G, Eraña H, Giachin G, Tapella L, Comerio L, Restelli E, Raimondi I, Elezgarai SR, De Leo F, Quilici G, Taiarol L, Oldrati M, Lorenzo NL, García-Martínez S, Cagnotto A, Lucchetti J, Gobbi M, Vanni I, Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Tully MD, Cecatiello V, Ciossani G, Pasqualato S, Van Anken E, Salmona M, Castilla J, Requena JR, Banfi S, Musco G, Chiesa R. Erratum: A tetracationic porphyrin with dual anti-prion activity. iScience 2023; 26:108223. [PMID: 37915608 PMCID: PMC10616544 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107480.].
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Masone A, Zucchelli C, Caruso E, Lavigna G, Eraña H, Giachin G, Tapella L, Comerio L, Restelli E, Raimondi I, Elezgarai SR, De Leo F, Quilici G, Taiarol L, Oldrati M, Lorenzo NL, García-Martínez S, Cagnotto A, Lucchetti J, Gobbi M, Vanni I, Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Tully MD, Cecatiello V, Ciossani G, Pasqualato S, Van Anken E, Salmona M, Castilla J, Requena JR, Banfi S, Musco G, Chiesa R. A tetracationic porphyrin with dual anti-prion activity. iScience 2023; 26:107480. [PMID: 37636075 PMCID: PMC10448035 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prions are deadly infectious agents made of PrPSc, a misfolded variant of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) which self-propagates by inducing misfolding of native PrPC. PrPSc can adopt different pathogenic conformations (prion strains), which can be resistant to potential drugs, or acquire drug resistance, hampering the development of effective therapies. We identified Zn(II)-BnPyP, a tetracationic porphyrin that binds to distinct domains of native PrPC, eliciting a dual anti-prion effect. Zn(II)-BnPyP binding to a C-terminal pocket destabilizes the native PrPC fold, hindering conversion to PrPSc; Zn(II)-BnPyP binding to the flexible N-terminal tail disrupts N- to C-terminal interactions, triggering PrPC endocytosis and lysosomal degradation, thus reducing the substrate for PrPSc generation. Zn(II)-BnPyP inhibits propagation of different prion strains in vitro, in neuronal cells and organotypic brain cultures. These results identify a PrPC-targeting compound with an unprecedented dual mechanism of action which might be exploited to achieve anti-prion effects without engendering drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Masone
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zucchelli
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Caruso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giada Lavigna
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Hasier Eraña
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Giachin
- Department of Chemical Sciences (DiSC), University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Tapella
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Liliana Comerio
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Raimondi
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Saioa R. Elezgarai
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Taiarol
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marvin Oldrati
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Nuria L. Lorenzo
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sandra García-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Cagnotto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lucchetti
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Laboratory of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele A. Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mark D. Tully
- Structural Biology Group, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Valentina Cecatiello
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciossani
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Pasqualato
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO) IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Eelco Van Anken
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Salmona
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- Centro de Investigación Cooperativa en Biociencias (CIC BioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Carlos III National Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stefano Banfi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Chiesa
- Laboratory of Prion Neurobiology, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy
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Bruno R, Riccardi G, Iacobone F, Chiarotti F, Pirisinu L, Vanni I, Marcon S, D'Agostino C, Giovannelli M, Parchi P, Agrimi U, Nonno R, Di Bari MA. Strain-Dependent Morphology of Reactive Astrocytes in Human- and Animal-Vole-Adapted Prions. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050757. [PMID: 37238627 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis is one of the pathological hallmarks of prion diseases. Recent studies highlighted the influence of several factors on the astrocyte phenotype in prion diseases, including the brain region involved, the genotype backgrounds of the host, and the prion strain. Elucidating the influence of prion strains on the astrocyte phenotype may provide crucial insights for developing therapeutic strategies. Here, we investigated the relationship between prion strains and astrocyte phenotype in six human- and animal-vole-adapted strains characterized by distinctive neuropathological features. In particular, we compared astrocyte morphology and astrocyte-associated PrPSc deposition among strains in the same brain region, the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MDTN). Astrogliosis was detected to some extent in the MDTN of all analyzed voles. However, we observed variability in the morphological appearance of astrocytes depending on the strain. Astrocytes displayed variability in thickness and length of cellular processes and cellular body size, suggesting strain-specific phenotypes of reactive astrocytes. Remarkably, four out of six strains displayed astrocyte-associated PrPSc deposition, which correlated with the size of astrocytes. Overall, these data show that the heterogeneous reactivity of astrocytes in prion diseases depends at least in part on the infecting prion strains and their specific interaction with astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Bruno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Iacobone
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Chiarotti
- Reference Center for the Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcon
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovannelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Parchi
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Vanni I, Iacobone F, D’Agostino C, Giovannelli M, Pirisinu L, Altmeppen HC, Castilla J, Torres JM, Agrimi U, Nonno R. An optimized Western blot assay provides a comprehensive assessment of the physiological endoproteolytic processing of the prion protein. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102823. [PMID: 36565989 PMCID: PMC9867980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrPC) is subjected to several conserved endoproteolytic events producing bioactive fragments that are of increasing interest for their physiological functions and their implication in the pathogenesis of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, systematic and comprehensive investigations on the full spectrum of PrPC proteoforms have been hampered by the lack of methods able to identify all PrPC-derived proteoforms. Building on previous knowledge of PrPC endoproteolytic processing, we thus developed an optimized Western blot assay able to obtain the maximum information about PrPC constitutive processing and the relative abundance of PrPC proteoforms in a complex biological sample. This approach led to the concurrent identification of the whole spectrum of known endoproteolytic-derived PrPC proteoforms in brain homogenates, including C-terminal, N-terminal and, most importantly, shed PrPC-derived fragments. Endoproteolytic processing of PrPC was remarkably similar in the brain of widely used wild type and transgenic rodent models, with α-cleavage-derived C1 representing the most abundant proteoform and ADAM10-mediated shedding being an unexpectedly prominent proteolytic event. Interestingly, the relative amount of shed PrPC was higher in WT mice than in most other models. Our results indicate that constitutive endoproteolytic processing of PrPC is not affected by PrPC overexpression or host factors other than PrPC but can be impacted by PrPC primary structure. Finally, this method represents a crucial step in gaining insight into pathophysiological roles, biomarker suitability, and therapeutic potential of shed PrPC and for a comprehensive appraisal of PrPC proteoforms in therapies, drug screening, or in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Floriana Iacobone
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovannelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Joaquin Castilla
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) - CIC BioGUNE & IKERBasque, Bizkaia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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7
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Gandini A, Pastorino L, Ponzano M, Puglisi S, Borea R, Cremante M, Grassi M, Bruno W, Dalmasso B, Andreotti V, Vanni I, Allavena E, Catalano F, Martelli V, Pastorino A, Iaia M, Fornarini G, Sciallero M, Puccini A, Ghiorzo P. 1305P Landscape and clinical significance of germline pathogenic variants (PV) in pancreatic cancer (PC)-predisposing genes in PC patients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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8
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Bruno W, Dalmasso B, Barile M, Andreotti V, Elefanti L, Colombino M, Vanni I, Allavena E, Barbero F, Passoni E, Merelli B, Pellegrini S, Morgese F, Danesi R, Calò V, Bazan V, D'Elia AV, Molica C, Gensini F, Sala E, Uliana V, Soma PF, Genuardi M, Ballestrero A, Spagnolo F, Tanda E, Queirolo P, Mandalà M, Stanganelli I, Palmieri G, Menin C, Pastorino L, Ghiorzo P. Predictors of germline status for hereditary melanoma: 5 years of multi-gene panel testing within the Italian Melanoma Intergroup. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100525. [PMID: 35777164 PMCID: PMC9434136 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cutaneous melanoma is increasing in Italy, in parallel with the implementation of gene panels. Therefore, a revision of national genetic assessment criteria for hereditary melanoma may be needed. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of susceptibility variants in the largest prospective cohort of Italian high-risk melanoma cases studied to date. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 25 Italian centers, we recruited 1044 family members and germline sequenced 940 cutaneous melanoma index cases through a shared gene panel, which included the following genes: CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, ACD, TERF2IP, MITF and ATM. We assessed detection rate according to familial status, region of origin, number of melanomas and presence and type of non-melanoma tumors. RESULTS The overall detection rate was 9.47% (5.53% analyzing CDKN2A alone), ranging from 5.14% in sporadic multiple melanoma cases (spoMPM) with two cutaneous melanomas to 13.9% in familial cases with at least three affected members. Three or more cutaneous melanomas in spoMPM cases, pancreatic cancer and region of origin predicted germline status [odds ratio (OR) = 3.23, 3.15, 2.43, P < 0.05]. Conversely, age > 60 years was a negative independent predictor (OR = 0.13, P = 0.008), and was the age category with the lowest detection rate, especially for CDKN2A. Detection rate was 19% when cutaneous melanoma and pancreatic cancer clustered together. CONCLUSIONS Gene panel doubled the detection rate given by CDKN2A alone. National genetic testing criteria may need a revision, especially regarding age cut-off (60) in the absence of strong family history, pancreatic cancer and/or a high number of cutaneous melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy.
| | - B Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Barile
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Andreotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Elefanti
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - M Colombino
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research of the National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - E Allavena
- University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - F Barbero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Passoni
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - B Merelli
- Oncology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - S Pellegrini
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - F Morgese
- Oncology Unit, AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - R Danesi
- Romagna Cancer Registry, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) 'Dino Amadori', Meldola, Italy
| | - V Calò
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - V Bazan
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - A V D'Elia
- Institute of Medical Genetics, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Molica
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - F Gensini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - E Sala
- Cytogenetics and Medical Genetics Unit, H San Gerardo ASST Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - V Uliana
- Medical Genetics Unit, AOU di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - P F Soma
- Casa di Cura Gibiino, Catania, Italy
| | - M Genuardi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medical Genetics Unit, Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - A Ballestrero
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - F Spagnolo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology 2, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Tanda
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Medical Oncology 2, Genoa, Italy
| | - P Queirolo
- Division of Medical Oncology for Melanoma, Sarcoma, and Rare Tumors, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - M Mandalà
- Medical Oncology Unit, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - I Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, IRCCS IRST Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori 'Dino Amadori' (IRST) IRCCS, Meldola, Italy; Dermatologic Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Biomedical Research of the National Research Council (IRGB-CNR), Sassari, Italy
| | - C Menin
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - L Pastorino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
| | - P Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy; University of Genoa, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), Genoa, Italy
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9
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Pirisinu L, Di Bari MA, D’Agostino C, Vanni I, Riccardi G, Marcon S, Vaccari G, Chiappini B, Benestad SL, Agrimi U, Nonno R. A single amino acid residue in bank vole prion protein drives permissiveness to Nor98/atypical scrapie and the emergence of multiple strain variants. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010646. [PMID: 35731839 PMCID: PMC9255773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are infectious agents that replicate through the autocatalytic misfolding of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into infectious aggregates (PrPSc) causing fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, which are encoded by conformational variants of PrPSc. The transmissibility of prions depends on the PrPC sequence of the recipient host and on the incoming prion strain, so that some animal prion strains are more contagious than others or are transmissible to new species, including humans. Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS) is a prion disease of sheep and goats reported in several countries worldwide. At variance with classical scrapie (CS), AS is considered poorly contagious and is supposed to be spontaneous in origin. The zoonotic potential of AS, its strain variability and the relationships with the more contagious CS strains remain largely unknown. We characterized AS isolates from sheep and goats by transmission in ovinised transgenic mice (tg338) and in two genetic lines of bank voles, carrying either methionine (BvM) or isoleucine (BvI) at PrP residue 109. All AS isolates induced the same pathological phenotype in tg338 mice, thus proving that they encoded the same strain, irrespective of their geographical origin or source species. In bank voles, we found that the M109I polymorphism dictates the susceptibility to AS. BvI were susceptible and faithfully reproduced the AS strain, while the transmission in BvM was highly inefficient and was characterized by a conformational change towards a CS-like prion strain. Sub-passaging experiments revealed that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible animals. These findings add new clues for a better comprehension of strain selection dynamics in prion infections and have wider implications for understanding the origin of contagious prion strains, such as CS. Prions are transmissible agents responsible for fatal neurodegenerative diseases in humans and animals. Prions exist as strains, exhibiting distinct disease phenotypes and transmission properties. Some prion diseases occur sporadically with a supposedly spontaneous origin, while others are contagious and give rise to epidemics, mainly in animals. We investigated the strain properties of Nor98/atypical scrapie (AS), a sporadic prion disease of small ruminants. We found that AS was faithfully reproduced not only in a homologous context, i.e. ovinised transgenic mice, but also in an unrelated animal species, the bank vole. A natural polymorphism of the bank vole prion protein, coding for methionine (BvM) or for isoleucine (BvI) at codon 109, dictated the susceptibility of voles to AS, with BvI being highly susceptible to AS and BvM rather resistant. Most importantly, the M109I polymorphism mediated the emergence of AS-derived mutant prion strains resembling classical scrapie (CS), a contagious prion disease. Finally, by sub-passages in bank voles, we found that the main strain component of AS is accompanied by minor CS-like strain components, which can be positively selected during replication in both AS-resistant or AS-susceptible vole lines. These findings allow a better understanding of strain selection dynamics and suggest a link between sporadic and contagious prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcon
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Vaccari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Chiappini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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10
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Daude N, Lau A, Vanni I, Kang SG, Castle AR, Wohlgemuth S, Dorosh L, Wille H, Stepanova M, Westaway D. Prion protein with a mutant N-terminal octarepeat region undergoes cobalamin-dependent assembly into high-molecular weight complexes. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101770. [PMID: 35271850 PMCID: PMC9010764 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) has a C-terminal globular domain and a disordered N-terminal region encompassing five octarepeats (ORs). Encounters between Cu(II) ions and four OR sites produce interchangeable binding geometries; however, the significance of Cu(II) binding to ORs in different combinations is unclear. To understand the impact of specific binding geometries, OR variants were designed that interact with multiple or single Cu(II) ions in specific locked coordinations. Unexpectedly, we found that one mutant produced detergent-insoluble, protease-resistant species in cells in the absence of exposure to the infectious prion protein isoform, scrapie-associated prion protein (PrPSc). Formation of these assemblies, visible as puncta, was reversible and dependent upon medium formulation. Cobalamin (Cbl), a dietary cofactor containing a corrin ring that coordinates a Co3+ ion, was identified as a key medium component, and its effect was validated by reconstitution experiments. Although we failed to find evidence that Cbl interacts with Cu-binding OR regions, we instead noted interactions of Cbl with the PrPC C-terminal domain. We found that some interactions occurred at a binding site of planar tetrapyrrole compounds on the isolated globular domain, but others did not, and N-terminal sequences additionally had a marked effect on their presence and position. Our studies define a conditional effect of Cbl wherein a mutant OR region can act in cis to destabilize a globular domain with a wild type sequence. The unexpected intersection between the properties of PrPSc's disordered region, Cbl, and conformational remodeling events may have implications for understanding sporadic prion disease that does not involve exposure to PrPSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Daude
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Agnes Lau
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Sang-Gyun Kang
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Castle
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Serene Wohlgemuth
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Lyudmyla Dorosh
- Faculty of Engineering - Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Maria Stepanova
- Faculty of Engineering - Electrical & Computer Engineering Dept, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - David Westaway
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases, University of Alberta, Canada.
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11
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Dalmasso B, Pastorino L, Nathan V, Shah NN, Palmer JM, Howlie M, Johansson PA, Freedman ND, Carter BD, Beane-Freeman L, Hicks B, Molven A, Helgadottir H, Sankar A, Tsao H, Stratigos AJ, Helsing P, Van Doorn R, Gruis NA, Visser M, Wadt KAW, Mann G, Holland EA, Nagore E, Potrony M, Puig S, Menin C, Peris K, Fargnoli MC, Calista D, Soufir N, Harland M, Bishop T, Kanetsky PA, Elder DE, Andreotti V, Vanni I, Bruno W, Höiom V, Tucker MA, Yang XR, Andresen PA, Adams DJ, Landi MT, Hayward NK, Goldstein AM, Ghiorzo P. Germline ATM variants predispose to melanoma: a joint analysis across the GenoMEL and MelaNostrum consortia. Genet Med 2021; 23:2087-2095. [PMID: 34262154 PMCID: PMC8553617 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-021-01240-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) has been implicated in the risk of several cancers, but establishing a causal relationship is often challenging. Although ATM single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been linked to melanoma, few functional alleles have been identified. Therefore, ATM impact on melanoma predisposition is unclear. METHODS From 22 American, Australian, and European sites, we collected 2,104 familial, multiple primary (MPM), and sporadic melanoma cases who underwent ATM genotyping via panel, exome, or genome sequencing, and compared the allele frequency (AF) of selected ATM variants classified as loss-of-function (LOF) and variants of uncertain significance (VUS) between this cohort and the gnomAD non-Finnish European (NFE) data set. RESULTS LOF variants were more represented in our study cohort than in gnomAD NFE, both in all (AF = 0.005 and 0.002, OR = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.56-4.11, p < 0.01), and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.0054 and 0.002, OR = 2.97, p < 0.01). Similarly, VUS were enriched in all (AF = 0.046 and 0.033, OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.6-5.09, p < 0.01) and familial + MPM cases (AF = 0.053 and 0.033, OR = 1.63, p < 0.01). In a case-control comparison of two centers that provided 1,446 controls, LOF and VUS were enriched in familial + MPM cases (p = 0.027, p = 0.018). CONCLUSION This study, describing the largest multicenter melanoma cohort investigated for ATM germline variants, supports the role of ATM as a melanoma predisposition gene, with LOF variants suggesting a moderate-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dalmasso
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - L Pastorino
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Nathan
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N N Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J M Palmer
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - M Howlie
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - P A Johansson
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N D Freedman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B D Carter
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L Beane-Freeman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - B Hicks
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - A Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Sankar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Department of Dermatology, MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Stratigos
- First Department of Dermatology-Venereology, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P Helsing
- Department of Dermatology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Van Doorn
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N A Gruis
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Visser
- Department Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - K A W Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Mann
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E A Holland
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - E Nagore
- Department of Dermatology, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Potrony
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Puig
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, HospitalClínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Menin
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - K Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - D Calista
- Dermatology Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, Italy
| | - N Soufir
- Dépatement de Génétique Moléculaire, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - M Harland
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - T Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - P A Kanetsky
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - D E Elder
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - V Andreotti
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - W Bruno
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - V Höiom
- Department of Oncology Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M A Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - X R Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P A Andresen
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - D J Adams
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - M T Landi
- Divison of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N K Hayward
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A M Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ghiorzo
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genetics of Rare Cancers, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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12
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Borea R, Puccini A, Andreotti V, Pastorino L, Vanni I, Catalano F, Puglisi S, Bruno W, Dalmasso B, Signori A, Fornarini G, Ghiorzo P, Sciallero S. 1482P Landscape of germline pathogenic variants beyond BRCA in pancreatic cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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13
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Nonno R, Di Bari MA, Pirisinu L, D'Agostino C, Vanni I, Chiappini B, Marcon S, Riccardi G, Tran L, Vikøren T, Våge J, Madslien K, Mitchell G, Telling GC, Benestad SL, Agrimi U. Studies in bank voles reveal strain differences between chronic wasting disease prions from Norway and North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:31417-31426. [PMID: 33229531 PMCID: PMC7733848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013237117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a relentless epidemic disorder caused by infectious prions that threatens the survival of cervid populations and raises increasing public health concerns in North America. In Europe, CWD was detected for the first time in wild Norwegian reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and moose (Alces alces) in 2016. In this study, we aimed at comparing the strain properties of CWD prions derived from different cervid species in Norway and North America. Using a classical strain typing approach involving transmission and adaptation to bank voles (Myodes glareolus), we found that prions causing CWD in Norway induced incubation times, neuropathology, regional deposition of misfolded prion protein aggregates in the brain, and size of their protease-resistant core, different from those that characterize North American CWD. These findings show that CWD prion strains affecting Norwegian cervids are distinct from those found in North America, implying that the highly contagious North American CWD prions are not the proximate cause of the newly discovered Norwegian CWD cases. In addition, Norwegian CWD isolates showed an unexpected strain variability, with reindeer and moose being caused by different CWD strains. Our findings shed light on the origin of emergent European CWD, have significant implications for understanding the nature and the ecology of CWD in Europe, and highlight the need to assess the zoonotic potential of the new CWD strains detected in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Michele A Di Bari
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Chiappini
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcon
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Linh Tran
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Turid Vikøren
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørn Våge
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Madslien
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gordon Mitchell
- National and World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Scrapie and Chronic Wasting Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, ON K2H 8P9, Canada
| | - Glenn C Telling
- Prion Research Center, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80525
| | - Sylvie L Benestad
- World Organization for Animal Health Reference Laboratory for Chronic Wasting Disease, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
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14
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Vanni I, Pirisinu L, Acevedo-Morantes C, Kamali-Jamil R, Rathod V, Di Bari MA, D’Agostino C, Marcon S, Esposito E, Riccardi G, Hornemann S, Senatore A, Aguzzi A, Agrimi U, Wille H, Nonno R. Isolation of infectious, non-fibrillar and oligomeric prions from a genetic prion disease. Brain 2020; 143:1512-1524. [PMID: 32303068 PMCID: PMC7241950 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prions are transmissible agents causing lethal neurodegenerative diseases that are composed of aggregates of misfolded cellular prion protein (PrPSc). Despite non-fibrillar oligomers having been proposed as the most infectious prion particles, prions purified from diseased brains usually consist of large and fibrillar PrPSc aggregates, whose protease-resistant core (PrPres) encompasses the whole C-terminus of PrP. In contrast, PrPSc from Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease associated with alanine to valine substitution at position 117 (GSS-A117V) is characterized by a small protease-resistant core, which is devoid of the C-terminus. We thus aimed to investigate the role of this unusual PrPSc in terms of infectivity, strain characteristics, and structural features. We found, by titration in bank voles, that the infectivity of GSS-A117V is extremely high (109.3 ID50 U/g) and is resistant to treatment with proteinase K (109.0 ID50 U/g). We then purified the proteinase K-resistant GSS-A117V prions and determined the amount of infectivity and PrPres in the different fractions, alongside the morphological characteristics of purified PrPres aggregates by electron microscopy. Purified pellet fractions from GSS-A117V contained the expected N- and C-terminally cleaved 7 kDa PrPres, although the yield of PrPres was low. We found that this low yield depended on the low density/small size of GSS-A117V PrPres, as it was mainly retained in the last supernatant fraction. All fractions were highly infectious, thus confirming the infectious nature of the 7 kDa PrPres, with infectivity levels that directly correlated with the PrPres amount detected. Finally, electron microscopy analysis of these fractions showed no presence of amyloid fibrils, but only very small and indistinct, non-fibrillar PrPresparticles were detected and confirmed to contain PrP via immunogold labelling. Our study demonstrates that purified aggregates of 7 kDa PrPres, spanning residues ∼90-150, are highly infectious oligomers that encode the biochemical and biological strain features of the original sample. Overall, the autocatalytic behaviour of the prion oligomers reveals their role in the propagation of neurodegeneration in patients with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease and implies that the C-terminus of PrPSc is dispensable for infectivity and strain features for this prion strain, uncovering the central PrP domain as the minimal molecular component able to encode infectious prions. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that non-fibrillar prion particles are highly efficient propagators of disease and provide new molecular and morphological constraints on the structure of infectious prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Acevedo-Morantes
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Razieh Kamali-Jamil
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vineet Rathod
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Marcon
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Esposito
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Hornemann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Assunta Senatore
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute for Neuropathology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Holger Wille
- Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases and Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Rome, Italy
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15
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Eraña H, Charco JM, Di Bari MA, Díaz-Domínguez CM, López-Moreno R, Vidal E, González-Miranda E, Pérez-Castro MA, García-Martínez S, Bravo S, Fernández-Borges N, Geijo M, D’Agostino C, Garrido J, Bian J, König A, Uluca-Yazgi B, Sabate R, Khaychuk V, Vanni I, Telling GC, Heise H, Nonno R, Requena JR, Castilla J. Development of a new largely scalable in vitro prion propagation method for the production of infectious recombinant prions for high resolution structural studies. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008117. [PMID: 31644574 PMCID: PMC6827918 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The resolution of the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions at the atomic level is pivotal to understand the pathobiology of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSE), but has been long hindered due to certain particularities of these proteinaceous pathogens. Difficulties related to their purification from brain homogenates of disease-affected animals were resolved almost a decade ago by the development of in vitro recombinant prion propagation systems giving rise to highly infectious recombinant prions. However, lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of the misfolding event and the complexity of systems such as the Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification (PMCA), have limited generating the large amounts of homogeneous recombinant prion preparations required for high-resolution techniques such as solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (ssNMR) imaging. Herein, we present a novel recombinant prion propagation system based on PMCA that substitutes sonication with shaking thereby allowing the production of unprecedented amounts of multi-labeled, infectious recombinant prions. The use of specific cofactors, such as dextran sulfate, limit the structural heterogeneity of the in vitro propagated prions and makes possible, for the first time, the generation of infectious and likely homogeneous samples in sufficient quantities for studies with high-resolution structural techniques as demonstrated by the preliminary ssNMR spectrum presented here. Overall, we consider that this new method named Protein Misfolding Shaking Amplification (PMSA), opens new avenues to finally elucidate the three-dimensional structure of infectious prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasier Eraña
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
- ATLAS Molecular Pharma S. L. Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | | | - Michele A. Di Bari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enric Vidal
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Susana Bravo
- Proteomics Lab, IDIS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Mariví Geijo
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Joseba Garrido
- Animal Health Department, NEIKER-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
| | - Jifeng Bian
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anna König
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Boran Uluca-Yazgi
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Raimon Sabate
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vadim Khaychuk
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Glenn C. Telling
- Prion Research Center (PRC), Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Henrike Heise
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-6) and Jülich Center for Structural Biology (JuStruct), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela-IDIS, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Derio (Bizkaia), Spain
- IKERBasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao (Bizkaia), Spain
- * E-mail:
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16
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Nonno R, Notari S, Di Bari MA, Cali I, Pirisinu L, d'Agostino C, Cracco L, Kofskey D, Vanni I, Lavrich J, Parchi P, Agrimi U, Gambetti P. Variable Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy Transmission to Bank Voles. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:73-81. [PMID: 30561322 PMCID: PMC6302590 DOI: 10.3201/eid2501.180807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Variably protease-sensitive prionopathy (VPSPr), a recently described human sporadic prion disease, features a protease-resistant, disease-related prion protein (resPrPD) displaying 5 fragments reminiscent of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease. Experimental VPSPr transmission to human PrP-expressing transgenic mice, although replication of the VPSPr resPrPD profile succeeded, has been incomplete because of second passage failure. We bioassayed VPSPr in bank voles, which are susceptible to human prion strains. Transmission was complete; first-passage attack rates were 5%-35%, and second-passage rates reached 100% and survival times were 50% shorter. We observed 3 distinct phenotypes and resPrPD profiles; 2 imitated sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease resPrPD, and 1 resembled Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease resPrPD. The first 2 phenotypes may be related to the presence of minor PrPD components in VPSPr. Full VPSPr transmission confirms permissiveness of bank voles to human prions and suggests that bank vole PrP may efficiently reveal an underrepresented native strain but does not replicate the complex VPSPr PrPD profile.
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17
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Pirisinu L, Tran L, Chiappini B, Vanni I, Di Bari MA, Vaccari G, Vikøren T, Madslien KI, Våge J, Spraker T, Mitchell G, Balachandran A, Baron T, Casalone C, Rolandsen CM, Røed KH, Agrimi U, Nonno R, Benestad SL. Novel Type of Chronic Wasting Disease Detected in Moose (Alces alces), Norway. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:2210-2218. [PMID: 30457526 PMCID: PMC6256397 DOI: 10.3201/eid2412.180702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) persists in cervid populations of North America and in 2016 was detected for the first time in Europe in a wild reindeer in Norway. We report the detection of CWD in 3 moose (Alces alces) in Norway, identified through a large scale surveillance program. The cases occurred in 13-14-year-old female moose, and we detected an abnormal form of prion protein (PrPSc) in the brain but not in lymphoid tissues. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the moose shared the same neuropathologic phenotype, characterized by mostly intraneuronal deposition of PrPSc. This pattern differed from that observed in reindeer and has not been previously reported in CWD-infected cervids. Moreover, Western blot revealed a PrPSc type distinguishable from previous CWD cases and from known ruminant prion diseases in Europe, with the possible exception of sheep CH1641. These findings suggest that these cases in moose represent a novel type of CWD.
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18
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Dal Bello MG, Filiberti RA, Alama A, Orengo AM, Mussap M, Coco S, Vanni I, Boccardo S, Rijavec E, Genova C, Biello F, Barletta G, Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Maggioni C, Grossi F. The role of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE in monitoring tumor response to Nivolumab in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. J Transl Med 2019; 17:74. [PMID: 30849967 PMCID: PMC6408784 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1828-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are tumor markers used for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer, respectively. Their role in cancer immunotherapy needs to be elucidated. Methods Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks within the Italian Nivolumab Expanded Access Program. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at each cycle up to cycle 5 and then every two cycles until patient’s withdrawn from the study. All patients underwent a CT-scan after every 4 cycles of treatment and responses were classified according to RECIST 1.1. The biomarkers serum levels were measured with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for CEA and with an immuno radiometric assay for CYFRA21-1 and NSE. The markers values at baseline and after 4 cycles were used to analyze the relationship between their variation over baseline and the tumor response, evaluated as disease control rate (DCR: CR + PR + SD), and survival (PFS and OS). Results A total of 70 patients were evaluable for the analysis. Overall, a disease control was obtained in 24 patients (35.8%, 4 PR + 20 SD). After 4 cycles of nivolumab a CEA or CYFRA21-1 reduction ≥ 20% over the baseline was significantly associated with DCR (CEA, p = 0.021; CYFRA21-1, p < 0.001), PFS (CEA, p = 0.028; CYFRA21-1, p < 0.001) and OS (CEA, p = 0.026; CYFRA21-1, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis confirmed the ability of CYFRA21-1 reduction ≥ 20% to predict DCR (p = 0.002) and PFS (p < 0.001). Conclusion The reduction in serum level of CYFRA21-1 or CEA might be a reliable biomarker to predict immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC patients. NSE was not significant for monitoring the efficacy of nivolumab.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.
| | - R A Filiberti
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - A Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - A M Orengo
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - M Mussap
- Laboratory Medicine Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - S Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - S Boccardo
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - E Rijavec
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - C Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - F Biello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - G Barletta
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - G Rossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - M Tagliamento
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - C Maggioni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS-Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - F Grossi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
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19
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Grossi F, Genova C, Cittaro D, Bonfiglio S, Boccardo S, Vanni I, Mora M, Dal Bello M, Biello F, Rijavec E, Sini C, Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Alama A, Burrafato G, Barletta G, Ballestrero A, Coco S. Lung cancer predisposition in women with previous breast cancer identified by whole exome sequencing. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy304.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Alama A, Coco S, Genova C, Rijavec E, Barletta G, Biello F, Vanni I, Boccardo S, Dal Bello M, Alessandra R, Fontana V, Grossi F. P2.04-02 Predictive Value of Circulating Tumor Cells and Circulating Free DNA in NSCLC Patients Treated with Nivolumab. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Grossi F, Genova C, Bonfiglio S, Cittaro D, Vanni I, Mora M, Boccardo S, Dal Bello M, Rijavec E, Sini C, Alama A, Barletta G, Biello F, Rossi G, Tagliamento M, Burrafato G, Ballestrero A, Coco S. P2.03-28 Whole Exome Sequencing to Discover Lung Tumor Predisposition in Women with Previous Breast Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Genova C, Boccardo S, Bruzzi P, Mora M, Rijavec E, Rossi G, Biello F, Barletta G, Tagliamento M, Bello MD, Alama A, Coco S, Vanni I, Grossi F. P1.07-023 The Correlation Between B7-H4 Expression and Survival of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Nivolumab. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Abstract
Healthcare professionals' psychological involvement in perinatal loss is a largely overlooked subject by healthcare systems, scientific research and prevention policies. A systematic scientific review has been carried out about emotional experiences, attributed meanings and needs conveyed by healthcare professionals in relation to perinatal loss. We identified 213 studies between 1985 and 2015, 20 of which were included in the present study for qualitative analysis. Our results point out the need for a targeted vocational training in perinatal loss, enabling healthcare professionals to achieve a proper management of their own internal states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Veglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
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24
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Stincardini C, Massignan T, Biggi S, Elezgarai SR, Sangiovanni V, Vanni I, Pancher M, Adami V, Moreno J, Stravalaci M, Maietta G, Gobbi M, Negro A, Requena JR, Castilla J, Nonno R, Biasini E. An antipsychotic drug exerts anti-prion effects by altering the localization of the cellular prion protein. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182589. [PMID: 28787011 PMCID: PMC5546605 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are neurodegenerative conditions characterized by the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC), an endogenous membrane glycoprotein of uncertain function, into PrPSc, a pathological isoform that replicates by imposing its abnormal folding onto PrPC molecules. A great deal of evidence supports the notion that PrPC plays at least two roles in prion diseases, by acting as a substrate for PrPSc replication, and as a mediator of its toxicity. This conclusion was recently supported by data suggesting that PrPC may transduce neurotoxic signals elicited by other disease-associated protein aggregates. Thus, PrPC may represent a convenient pharmacological target for prion diseases, and possibly other neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we sought to characterize the activity of chlorpromazine (CPZ), an antipsychotic previously shown to inhibit prion replication by directly binding to PrPC. By employing biochemical and biophysical techniques, we provide direct experimental evidence indicating that CPZ does not bind PrPC at biologically relevant concentrations. Instead, the compound exerts anti-prion effects by inducing the relocalization of PrPC from the plasma membrane. Consistent with these findings, CPZ also inhibits the cytotoxic effects delivered by a PrP mutant. Interestingly, we found that the different pharmacological effects of CPZ could be mimicked by two inhibitors of the GTPase activity of dynamins, a class of proteins involved in the scission of newly formed membrane vesicles, and recently reported as potential pharmacological targets of CPZ. Collectively, our results redefine the mechanism by which CPZ exerts anti-prion effects, and support a primary role for dynamins in the membrane recycling of PrPC, as well as in the propagation of infectious prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stincardini
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tania Massignan
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Silvia Biggi
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Saioa R. Elezgarai
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Sangiovanni
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Pancher
- HTS Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Adami
- HTS Core Facility, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jorge Moreno
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio
| | - Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Maietta
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jesús R. Requena
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Biasini
- Dulbecco Telethon Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
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25
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Gandino G, Bernaudo A, Di Fini G, Vanni I, Veglia F. Healthcare professionals’ experiences of perinatal loss: A systematic review. J Health Psychol 2017; 24:65-78. [PMID: 28810447 DOI: 10.1177/1359105317705981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare professionals’ psychological involvement in perinatal loss is a largely overlooked subject by healthcare systems, scientific research and prevention policies. A systematic scientific review has been carried out about emotional experiences, attributed meanings and needs conveyed by healthcare professionals in relation to perinatal loss. We identified 213 studies between 1985 and 2015, 20 of which were included in the present study for qualitative analysis. Our results point out the need for a targeted vocational training in perinatal loss, enabling healthcare professionals to achieve a proper management of their own internal states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Veglia
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Italy
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26
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Vanni I, Migliore S, Cosseddu GM, Di Bari MA, Pirisinu L, D’Agostino C, Riccardi G, Agrimi U, Nonno R. Isolation of a Defective Prion Mutant from Natural Scrapie. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1006016. [PMID: 27880822 PMCID: PMC5120856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely known that prion strains can mutate in response to modification of the replication environment and we have recently reported that prion mutations can occur in vitro during amplification of vole-adapted prions by Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification on bank vole substrate (bvPMCA). Here we exploited the high efficiency of prion replication by bvPMCA to study the in vitro propagation of natural scrapie isolates. Although in vitro vole-adapted PrPSc conformers were usually similar to the sheep counterpart, we repeatedly isolated a PrPSc mutant exclusively when starting from extremely diluted seeds of a single sheep isolate. The mutant and faithful PrPSc conformers showed to be efficiently autocatalytic in vitro and were characterized by different PrP protease resistant cores, spanning aa ∼155–231 and ∼80–231 respectively, and by different conformational stabilities. The two conformers could thus be seen as different bona fide PrPSc types, putatively accounting for prion populations with different biological properties. Indeed, once inoculated in bank vole the faithful conformer was competent for in vivo replication while the mutant was unable to infect voles, de facto behaving like a defective prion mutant. Overall, our findings confirm that prions can adapt and evolve in the new replication environments and that the starting population size can affect their evolutionary landscape, at least in vitro. Furthermore, we report the first example of “authentic” defective prion mutant, composed of brain-derived PrPC and originating from a natural scrapie isolate. Our results clearly indicate that the defective mutant lacks of some structural characteristics, that presumably involve the central region ∼90–155, critical for infectivity but not for in vitro replication. Finally, we propose a molecular mechanism able to account for the discordant in vitro and in vivo behavior, suggesting possible new paths for investigating the molecular bases of prion infectivity. Prions are unique infectious agents, consisting of PrPSc, a self-propagating aggregated conformer of the host-encoded prion protein PrPC. Despite the absence of any nucleic acid information, prions exist as distinct strains that share the same amino acid sequence but differ in their conformation. Moreover, prions can mutate and are thus heterogeneous populations able to evolve and adapt to new replication environments. During in vitro amplification of sheep scrapie, we found that a prion mutant could be obtained from one natural isolate. The prion mutant identified was characterized in vivo and in vitro, showing unusual biochemical and biological features: a smaller than usual C-terminal proteinase resistant core of PrPSc, which spans aa ∼155–231, and the inability to propagate in vivo despite an efficient autocatalytic replication in vitro. With such a signature, we denoted the mutant as a “defective” prion mutant. We thus postulate a new hypothesis for the discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo behavior of the defective mutant and suggest that the central PrPSc domain ∼90–160 might have a key role in prion replication. This work provides important new insights into the mechanism underpinning prion replication and has numerous implications for understanding the molecular requirements indispensable for prion infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Migliore
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale of Sicily "A. Mirri", Palermo, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Cosseddu
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale", Teramo, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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27
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Genova C, Alama A, Coco S, Rijavec E, Dal Bello MG, Vanni I, Biello F, Barletta G, Rossi G, Grossi F. Vinflunine for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:1447-1455. [PMID: 27771969 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1252331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vinflunine belongs to the class of vinca alkaloids and acts by disrupting the microtubule dynamics during cell cycle; this agent is currently available for previously treated advanced transitional cell carcinoma in Europe. The aim of this invited review is to evaluate the potential role of vinflunine for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Areas covered: The potential role of vinflunine in NSCLC is discussed on the basis of the available data, including full papers and meeting abstracts. Relevant preclinical studies describing the pharmacological properties of vinflunine are also included. The review also summarizes clinical studies, including phase I trials involving NSCLC among other tumors as well as phase II/III trials specifically addressing this malignancy. Additionally, the safety profile and the current regulatory status of vinflunine is discussed. Expert opinion: Vinflunine is active as single agent and as part of platinum-based combinations in NSCLC. It results non-inferior to docetaxel in a randomized phase III trial including previously treated NSCLC patients; additionally, its safety profile is generally considered manageable. Ultimately, further studies are needed to confirm the role of vinflunine in NSCLC, in consideration of the evolving evidence regarding targeted therapies and immune check-point inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Genova
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - A Alama
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - S Coco
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - E Rijavec
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - M G Dal Bello
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - I Vanni
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - F Biello
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - G Barletta
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - G Rossi
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
| | - F Grossi
- a UOS Tumori Polmonari , IRCCS AOU San Martino IST-Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro , Genoa , Italy
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28
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Ugolotti E, Larghero P, Vanni I, Bandettini R, Tripodi G, Melioli G, Di Marco E, Raso A, Biassoni R. Whole-genome sequencing as standard practice for the analysis of clonality in outbreaks of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a paediatric setting. J Hosp Infect 2016; 93:375-81. [PMID: 27184087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of hospital-associated infections. This study investigated the potential use of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for surveillance purposes by re-examining MRSA strains related to past outbreaks among hospitalized paediatric patients. WGS data ameliorated the genotypic profile previously obtained with Sanger sequencing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, and discriminated between strains that were related and unrelated to the outbreaks. This allowed strain clonality to be defined with a higher level of resolution than achieved previously. This study demonstrates the potential of WGS to trace hospital outbreaks, which may lead to WGS becoming standard practice in outbreak investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ugolotti
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - P Larghero
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino - IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
| | | | - G Tripodi
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - G Melioli
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - E Di Marco
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - A Raso
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - R Biassoni
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
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29
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Massignan T, Cimini S, Stincardini C, Cerovic M, Vanni I, Elezgarai SR, Moreno J, Stravalaci M, Negro A, Sangiovanni V, Restelli E, Riccardi G, Gobbi M, Castilla J, Borsello T, Nonno R, Biasini E. A cationic tetrapyrrole inhibits toxic activities of the cellular prion protein. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23180. [PMID: 26976106 PMCID: PMC4791597 DOI: 10.1038/srep23180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions associated with the conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into PrPSc, a self-replicating isoform (prion) that accumulates in the central nervous system of affected individuals. The structure of PrPSc is poorly defined, and likely to be heterogeneous, as suggested by the existence of different prion strains. The latter represents a relevant problem for therapy in prion diseases, as some potent anti-prion compounds have shown strain-specificity. Designing therapeutics that target PrPC may provide an opportunity to overcome these problems. PrPC ligands may theoretically inhibit the replication of multiple prion strains, by acting on the common substrate of any prion replication reaction. Here, we characterized the properties of a cationic tetrapyrrole [Fe(III)-TMPyP], which was previously shown to bind PrPC, and inhibit the replication of a mouse prion strain. We report that the compound is active against multiple prion strains in vitro and in cells. Interestingly, we also find that Fe(III)-TMPyP inhibits several PrPC-related toxic activities, including the channel-forming ability of a PrP mutant, and the PrPC-dependent synaptotoxicity of amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, which are associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. These results demonstrate that molecules binding to PrPC may produce a dual effect of blocking prion replication and inhibiting PrPC-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Massignan
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Milica Cerovic
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Saioa R Elezgarai
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Jorge Moreno
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Matteo Stravalaci
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Valeria Sangiovanni
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Restelli
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Geraldina Riccardi
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Joaquín Castilla
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Derio 48160, Bizkaia, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy.,Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Milan University, 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emiliano Biasini
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, 20156 Milan, Italy.,Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, 00161 Rome, Italy.,Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Laboratory of Prions and Amyloids, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy
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Rijavec E, Genova C, Barletta G, Biello F, Maggioni C, Dal Bello M, Truini A, Coco S, Vanni I, Alama A, Grossi F. Clinical applications of a next-generation sequencing panel in non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Barletta G, Genova C, Rijavec E, Biello F, Maggioni C, Dal Bello M, Alama A, Coco S, Vanni I, Truini A, Sambuceti G, Grossi F. In vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of the sequentially combined vinorelbine and gefitinib in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell lines. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Biello F, Rijavec E, Genova C, Barletta G, Maggioni C, Dal Bello M, Alama A, Coco S, Truini A, Vanni I, Morbelli S, Ferrarazzo G, Bongioanni F, Massollo M, Sambuceti G, Grossi F. Correlation between circulating tumor biomarkers and positron-emission tomography in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv343.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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33
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Biassoni R, Malnati M, Vanni I, Raso A, Sironi F, Broccolo F, Garbarino L, Mazzocco M, Montera M, Larghero P, Di Marco E, Ugolotti E. An improved method for HLA-B and -C supratyping. J Immunol Methods 2015; 426:29-34. [PMID: 26232127 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence links the analysis of the KIR genotype and the presence of their HLA-B and -C ligands to a wide repertoire of human diseases. We noticed that, using a panel of 184 Caucasoid donors, a limited number of HLA alleles were incorrectly supratyped by previously described pyrosequence-based assays. Here we describe a simple implementation of the reported methods that corrects all the discrepancies found with HLA-B and -C molecular typing and allows establishing a quick and high-throughput method for the determination of HLA-Bw4 I(80), Bw4T(80), Bw6 and HLA-C1 or -C2 supratype.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Biassoni
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
| | - M Malnati
- Human Virology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - A Raso
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - F Sironi
- Human Virology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disease, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - F Broccolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - L Garbarino
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - M Mazzocco
- Histocompatibility Laboratory, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - M Montera
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - P Larghero
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - E Di Marco
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - E Ugolotti
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
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34
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Dal Bello MG, Alama A, Barletta G, Coco S, Truini A, Vanni I, Boccardo S, Genova C, Rijavec E, Biello F, Bottoni G, Sambuceti G, Grossi F. Sequential use of vinorelbine followed by gefitinib enhances the antitumor effect in NSCLC cell lines poorly responsive to reversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Int J Cancer 2015; 137:2947-58. [PMID: 26089022 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical studies have suggested that combining cytotoxic agents with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) to treat EGFR-mutated tumors may increase their inhibitory effect depending on the order of drug administration. The antitumor efficacy of different treatment sequences using vinorelbine (VNB) and gefitinib (GEF) was investigated both in vitro and in vivo in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with the rationale of potentially translating these findings into the clinical setting. The EGFR-wild-type A549 and the EGFR-mutated (exon 21 L858R/exon 20 T790M) H1975 cell lines were treated as follows: GEF followed by VNB, VNB followed by GEF and the two drugs applied individually or concurrently. Results in vitro demonstrated that the sequence of VNB followed by GEF was significantly more active than single-agent treatments. The expression of activated EGFR and its downstream pathway genes indicated that the increased cytotoxic effect of the VNB and GEF treatment sequence was accompanied by inhibition of EGFR, AKT and ERK1/2. Moreover, the increased inhibition of tumor growth after treatment with VNB followed by GEF was also confirmed in CD1-nude mice that were xenotransplanted with H1975 cells (p < 0.0001). This effect was paralleled by a corresponding decrease in cancer glucose consumption, as assessed by micro-positron emission tomography scans (p < 0.05). These preclinical findings in NSCLC cell lines, which are poorly responsive to EGFR-TKIs, demonstrated that the sequential treatment of VNB followed by GEF induced a significant antitumor effect, which supports the translation of this treatment schedule into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Dal Bello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Alama
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Barletta
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Coco
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - A Truini
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), University of Genoa-IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - I Vanni
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Boccardo
- Pathology and Cytohistology Division, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - C Genova
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - E Rijavec
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Biello
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Bottoni
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Genoa-IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Sambuceti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Health Science, University of Genoa-IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
| | - F Grossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST-National Institute for Cancer Research, Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
Prions exist as strains, which are thought to reflect PrPSc conformational variants. Prion strains can mutate and it has been proposed that prion mutability depends on an intrinsic heterogeneity of prion populations that would behave as quasispecies. We investigated in vitro prion mutability of 2 strains, by following PrPSc variations of populations serially propagated in PMCA under constant environmental pressure. Each strain was propagated either at low dilution of the seed, i.e., by large population passages, or at limiting dilution, mimicking bottleneck events. In both strains, PrPSc conformational variants were identified only after large population passages, while repeated bottleneck events caused a rapid decline in amplification rates. These findings support the view that mutability is an intrinsic property of prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Angelo Di Bari
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D'Agostino
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Rome, Italy
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36
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Vanni I, Cacciò SM, van Lith L, Lebbad M, Svärd SG, Pozio E, Tosini F. Detection of Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B in human feces by simple, assemblage-specific PCR assays. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1776. [PMID: 22953009 PMCID: PMC3429382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The flagellated protozoan Giardia duodenalis is a common gastrointestinal parasite of mammals, including humans. Molecular characterizations have shown the existence of eight genetic groups (or assemblages) in the G. duodenalis species complex. Human infections are caused by assemblages A and B, which infect other mammals as well. Whether transmission routes, animal reservoirs and associations with specific symptoms differ for assemblage A and assemblage B is not clear. Furthermore, the occurrence and clinical significance of mixed (A+B) infections is also poorly understood. To date, the majority of PCR assays has been developed to identify all G. duodenalis assemblages based on the use of primers that bind to conserved regions, yet a reliable identification of specific assemblages is better achieved by ad hoc methods. The aim of this work was to design simple PCR assays that, based on the use of assemblage-specific primers, produce diagnostic bands of different lengths for assemblage A and B. We first generated novel sequence information from assemblage B, identified homologous sequences in the assemblage A genome, and designed primers at six independent loci. Experiments performed on DNA extracted from axenic cultures showed that two of the six assays can detect the equivalent of a single cyst and are not negatively influenced by disproportions between DNA of each assemblage, at least up to a 9∶1 ratio. Further experiments on DNAs extracted from feces showed that the two assays can detect both assemblages in single tube reactions with excellent reliability. Finally, the robustness of these assays was demonstrated by testing a large collection of human isolates previously typed by multi-locus genotyping. Giardia duodenalis is an important cause of diarrhoea in humans worldwide, even if the burden of infection is higher in developing countries where the poor sanitary conditions favour the contamination of water and food with infective cysts. The parasite is considered as a species complex that comprises at least eight distinct genetic groups, referred to as assemblage A to H. Humans are infected only by assemblages A and B, which can only be distinguished by molecular methods. The clinical manifestations of giardiasis in humans are highly variable and range from the absence of symptoms to acute or chronic diarrhoea. Since genetic traits that influence the virulence are yet unknown, the identification of the assemblage is considered a primary element in the study of human giardiasis. Current methods are time consuming and/or require expensive instruments. Here, we describe the development and application of single step PCR methods that allow to detect and distinguish assemblages A and B from human fecal specimens simply by gel electrophoresis of the amplification products. The novelty of the assays described in our manuscript is the reliability in detecting mixed infections and the applicability of the methodology in laboratories with basic molecular equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Mario Cacciò
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lindy van Lith
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Lebbad
- Department of Diagnostics and Vaccinology, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden
| | - Staffan G. Svärd
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Edoardo Pozio
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tosini
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immunomediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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37
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Benzi F, Vanni I, Ugolotti E, Di Marco E, Cirillo C, Cristina E, Melioli G, Biassoni R. Detection of ganciclovir resistance mutations by pyrosequencing in a congenital infected newborn. Clin Biochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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