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de Zawadzki A, Thiele M, Suvitaival T, Wretlind A, Kim M, Ali M, Bjerre AF, Stahr K, Mattila I, Hansen T, Krag A, Legido-Quigley C. High-Throughput UHPLC-MS to Screen Metabolites in Feces for Gut Metabolic Health. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12030211. [PMID: 35323654 PMCID: PMC8950041 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Feces are the product of our diets and have been linked to diseases of the gut, including Chron’s disease and metabolic diseases such as diabetes. For screening metabolites in heterogeneous samples such as feces, it is necessary to use fast and reproducible analytical methods that maximize metabolite detection. As sample preparation is crucial to obtain high quality data in MS-based clinical metabolomics, we developed a novel, efficient and robust method for preparing fecal samples for analysis with a focus in reducing aliquoting and detecting both polar and non-polar metabolites. Fecal samples (n = 475) from patients with alcohol-related liver disease and healthy controls were prepared according to the proposed method and analyzed in an UHPLC-QQQ targeted platform in order to obtain a quantitative profile of compounds that impact liver-gut axis metabolism. MS analyses of the prepared fecal samples have shown reproducibility and coverage of n = 28 metabolites, mostly comprising bile acids and amino acids. We report metabolite-wise relative standard deviation (RSD) in quality control samples, inter-day repeatability, LOD (limit of detection), LOQ (limit of quantification), range of linearity and method recovery. The average concentrations for 135 healthy participants are reported here for clinical applications. Our high-throughput method provides a novel tool for investigating gut-liver axis metabolism in liver-related diseases using a noninvasive collected sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa de Zawadzki
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tommi Suvitaival
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Asger Wretlind
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Min Kim
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
- Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Mina Ali
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Annette F. Bjerre
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Karin Stahr
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1165 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.T.); (A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark; (A.d.Z.); (T.S.); (A.W.); (M.K.); (M.A.); (A.F.B.); (K.S.); (I.M.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE19NH, UK
- Correspondence:
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Hansen CS, Suvitaival T, Theilade S, Mattila I, Lajer M, Trošt K, Ahonen L, Hansen TW, Legido-Quigley C, Rossing P, Ahluwalia TS. Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Disturbances in TCA, Lipid, and Glucose Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:831793. [PMID: 35498422 PMCID: PMC9046722 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.831793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. To explore metabolic mechanisms associated with CAN we investigated associations between serum metabolites and CAN in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cardiovascular reflex tests (CARTs) (heart rate response to: deep breathing; lying-to-standing test; and the Valsalva maneuver) were used to diagnose CAN in 302 persons with T1D. More than one pathological CARTs defined the CAN diagnosis. Serum metabolomics and lipidomic profiles were analyzed with two complementary non-targeted mass-spectrometry methods. Cross-sectional associations between metabolites and CAN were assessed by linear regression models adjusted for relevant confounders. RESULTS Participants were median (IQR) aged 55(49, 63) years, 48% males with diabetes duration 39(32, 47) years, HbA1c 63(55,69) mmol/mol and 34% had CAN. A total of 75 metabolites and 106 lipids were analyzed. In crude models, the CAN diagnosis was associated with higher levels of hydroxy fatty acids (2,4- and 3,4-dihydroxybutanoic acids, 4-deoxytetronic acid), creatinine, sugar derivates (ribitol, ribonic acid, myo-inositol), citric acid, glycerol, phenols, phosphatidylcholines and lower levels of free fatty acids and the amino acid methionine (p<0.05). Upon adjustment, positive associations with the CAN diagnoses were retained for hydroxy fatty acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-based sugar derivates, citric acid, and phenols (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Metabolic pathways, including the TCA cycle, hydroxy fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines and sugar derivatives are associated with the CAN diagnosis in T1D. These pathway may be part of the pathogeneses leading to CAN and may be modifiable risk factors for the complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Hansen
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Christian S. Hansen,
| | - Tommi Suvitaival
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Simone Theilade
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Medicine, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Maria Lajer
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trošt
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Linda Ahonen
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Tine W. Hansen
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Rossing
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- Complications Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- The Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Curovic VR, Suvitaival T, Mattila I, Ahonen L, Trošt K, Theilade S, Hansen TW, Legido-Quigley C, Rossing P. Circulating Metabolites and Lipids Are Associated to Diabetic Retinopathy in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2020; 69:2217-2226. [PMID: 32737117 PMCID: PMC7506826 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Omics-based methods may provide new markers associated to diabetic retinopathy (DR). We investigated a wide omics panel of metabolites and lipids related to DR in type 1 diabetes. Metabolomic analyses were performed using two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry and lipidomic analyses using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry method in 648 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Subjects were subdivided into no DR, mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, proliferative DR, and proliferative DR with fibrosis. End points were any progression of DR, onset of DR, and progression from mild to severe DR tracked from standard ambulatory care and investigated using Cox models. The cohort consisted of 648 participants aged a mean of 54.4 ± 12.8 years, 55.5% were men, and follow-up was 5.1-5.5 years. Cross-sectionally, 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid (DHBA), 3,4-DHBA, ribonic acid, ribitol, and the triglycerides 50:1 and 50:2 significantly correlated (P < 0.042) to DR stage. Longitudinally, higher 3,4-DHBA was a risk marker for progression of DR (n = 133) after adjustment (P = 0.033). We demonstrated multiple metabolites being positively correlated to a higher grade of DR in type 1 diabetes and several triglycerides being negatively correlated. Furthermore, higher 3,4-DHBA was an independent risk marker for progression of DR; however, confirmation is required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Linda Ahonen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Cristina Legido-Quigley
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter Rossing
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Heinola I, Kantonen I, Mattila I, Albäck A, Venermo M. Cryopreserved Venous Allografts in Supra-inguinal Reconstructions: A Single Centre Experience. J Vasc Surg 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Madrid-Gambin F, Föcking M, Sabherwal S, Heurich M, English JA, O'Gorman A, Suvitaival T, Ahonen L, Cannon M, Lewis G, Mattila I, Scaife C, Madden S, Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M, Zammit S, Cagney G, Cotter DR, Brennan L. Integrated Lipidomics and Proteomics Point to Early Blood-Based Changes in Childhood Preceding Later Development of Psychotic Experiences: Evidence From the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:25-34. [PMID: 30878195 PMCID: PMC6579334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of early biomarkers of psychotic experiences (PEs) is of interest because early diagnosis and treatment of those at risk of future disorder is associated with improved outcomes. The current study investigated early lipidomic and coagulation pathway protein signatures of later PEs in subjects from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. METHODS Plasma of 115 children (12 years of age) who were first identified as experiencing PEs at 18 years of age (48 cases and 67 controls) were assessed through integrated and targeted lipidomics and semitargeted proteomics approaches. We assessed the lipids, lysophosphatidylcholines (n = 11) and phosphatidylcholines (n = 61), and the protein members of the coagulation pathway (n = 22) and integrated these data with complement pathway protein data already available on these subjects. RESULTS Twelve phosphatidylcholines, four lysophosphatidylcholines, and the coagulation protein plasminogen were altered between the control and PEs groups after correction for multiple comparisons. Lipidomic and proteomic datasets were integrated into a multivariate network displaying a strong relationship between most lipids that were significantly associated with PEs and plasminogen. Finally, an unsupervised clustering approach identified four different clusters, with one of the clusters presenting the highest case-control ratio (p < .01) and associated with a higher concentration of smaller low-density lipoprotein cholesterol particles. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the lipidome and proteome of subjects who report PEs at 18 years of age are already altered at 12 years of age, indicating that metabolic dysregulation may contribute to an early vulnerability to PEs and suggesting crosstalk between these lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, and coagulation and complement proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Sabherwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Meike Heurich
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jane A English
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoife O'Gorman
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Linda Ahonen
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Faculty of Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Caitriona Scaife
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Stanley Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; Centre for Academic Mental Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Cagney
- Conway Institute, UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Dublin, Ireland
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Dickens AM, Posti JP, Takala RSK, Ala-Seppälä H, Mattila I, Coles JP, Frantzén J, Hutchinson PJ, Katila AJ, Kyllönen A, Maanpää HR, Newcombe V, Outtrim J, Tallus J, Carpenter KLH, Menon DK, Hyötyläinen T, Tenovuo O, Orešic M. Serum Metabolites Associated with Computed Tomography Findings after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2673-2683. [PMID: 29947291 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to rapidly detect patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who require head computed tomography (CT). Given the energy crisis in the brain following TBI, we hypothesized that serum metabolomics would be a useful tool for developing a set of biomarkers to determine the need for CT and to distinguish among different types of injuries observed. Logistical regression models using metabolite data from the discovery cohort (n = 144, Turku, Finland) were used to distinguish between patients with traumatic intracranial findings and those with negative findings on head CT. The resultant models were then tested in the validation cohort (n = 66, Cambridge, United Kingdom). The levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 were also quantified in the serum from the same patients. Despite there being significant differences in the protein biomarkers in patients with TBI, the model that determined the need for a CT scan validated poorly (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.64: Cambridge patients). However, using a combination of six metabolites (two amino acids, three sugar derivatives, and one ketoacid) it was possible to discriminate patients with intracranial abnormalities on CT and patients with a normal CT (AUC = 0.77 in Turku patients and AUC = 0.73 in Cambridge patients). Further, a combination of three metabolites could distinguish between diffuse brain injuries and mass lesions (AUC = 0.87 in Turku patients and AUC = 0.68 in Cambridge patients). This study identifies a set of validated serum polar metabolites, which associate with the need for a CT scan. Additionally, serum metabolites can also predict the nature of the brain injury. These metabolite markers may prevent unnecessary CT scans, thus reducing the cost of diagnostics and radiation load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Dickens
- 1 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi P Posti
- 2 Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland .,3 Department of Neurology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,4 Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka S K Takala
- 5 Perioperative Services, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ismo Mattila
- 6 Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen , Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- 7 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Janek Frantzén
- 2 Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland .,3 Department of Neurology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,4 Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- 8 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ari J Katila
- 5 Perioperative Services, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Kyllönen
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | | | - Virginia Newcombe
- 7 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Outtrim
- 7 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jussi Tallus
- 3 Department of Neurology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- 8 Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David K Menon
- 7 Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Olli Tenovuo
- 2 Turku Brain Injury Centre, Turku University Hospital , Turku, Finland .,3 Department of Neurology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland
| | - Matej Orešic
- 1 Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku , Turku, Finland .,10 Schools of Medical Science, Örebro University , Örebro, Sweden
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Orešič M, Anderson G, Mattila I, Manoucheri M, Soininen H, Hyötyläinen T, Basignani C. Targeted Serum Metabolite Profiling Identifies Metabolic Signatures in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Brain Tumor. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:747. [PMID: 29375291 PMCID: PMC5767271 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Progression to AD is preceded by elevated levels of 2,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid (2,4-DHB), implicating hypoxia in early pathogenesis. Since hypoxia may play a role in multiple CNS disorders, we investigated serum metabolite profiles across three disorders, AD, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) and brain tumors (BT). Blood samples were collected from 27 NPH and 20 BT patients. The profiles of 21 metabolites were examined. Additionally, data from 37 AD patients and 46 controls from a previous study were analyzed together with the newly acquired data. No differences in 2,4-DHB were found across AD, NPH and BT samples. In the BT group, the fatty acids were increased as compared to HC and NPH groups, while the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate was increased as compared to AD. Glutamic acid was increased in AD as compared to the HC group. In the AD group, 3-hydroxybutyrate tended to be decreased with respect to all other groups (mean values −30% or more), but the differences were not statistically significant. Serine was increased in NPH as compared to BT. In conclusion, AD, NPH and BT have different metabolic profiles. This preliminary study may help in identifying the blood based markers that are specific to these three CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gabriella Anderson
- Florida Hospital Orlando, Neuroscience Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Manoucher Manoucheri
- Florida Hospital Orlando, Neuroscience Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Hilkka Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Cherlynn Basignani
- Florida Hospital Orlando, Neuroscience Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States
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O'Gorman A, Suvitaival T, Ahonen L, Cannon M, Zammit S, Lewis G, Roche HM, Mattila I, Hyotylainen T, Oresic M, Brennan L, Cotter DR. Identification of a plasma signature of psychotic disorder in children and adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1240. [PMID: 28949339 PMCID: PMC5639252 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of an early biomarker of psychotic disorder is important as early treatment is associated with improved patient outcome. Metabolomic and lipidomic approaches in combination with multivariate statistical analysis were applied to identify plasma alterations in children (age 11) (38 cases vs 67 controls) and adolescents (age 18) (36 cases vs 117 controls) preceeding or coincident with the development of psychotic disorder (PD) at age 18 in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Overall, 179 lipids were identified at age 11, with 32 found to be significantly altered between the control and PD groups. Following correction for multiple comparisons, 8 of these lipids remained significant (lysophosphatidlycholines (LPCs) LPC(18:1), LPC(18:2), LPC(20:3); phosphatidlycholines (PCs) PC(32:2; PC(34:2), PC(36:4), PC(0-34-3) and sphingomyelin (SM) SM(d18:1/24:0)), all of which were elevated in the PD group. At age 18, 23 lipids were significantly different between the control and PD groups, although none remained significant following correction for multiple comparisons. In conclusion, the findings indicate that the lipidome is altered in the blood during childhood, long before the development of psychotic disorder. LPCs in particular are elevated in those who develop PD, indicating inflammatory abnormalities and altered phospholipid metabolism. These findings were not found at age 18, suggesting there may be ongoing alterations in the pathophysiological processes from prodrome to onset of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O'Gorman
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - L Ahonen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - M Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Zammit
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK,Centre for Academic Mental Health, School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - G Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - H M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute/UCD Institute of Food & Health, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Sports Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - I Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - T Hyotylainen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark,Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - M Oresic
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland,School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - L Brennan
- Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland,Institute of Food and Health, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. E-mail:
| | - D R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland,Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland. E-mail:
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Maukonen J, Aura AM, Niemi P, Raza GS, Niemelä K, Walkowiak J, Mattila I, Poutanen K, Buchert J, Herzig KH. Interactions of Insoluble Residue from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Brewer's Spent Grain with Intestinal Microbiota in Mice. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:3748-3756. [PMID: 28441866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the major side-stream from brewing. As BSG is rich in dietary fiber and protein, it could be used in more valuable applications, such as nutritional additives for foods. Our aim was to elucidate whether an insoluble lignin-rich fraction (INS) from BSG is metabolized by mice gut microbiota and how it affects the microbiota. Our results indicated that lignin was partially degraded by the gut microbiota, degradation products were absorbed, and finally excreted in urine. Therefore, they contribute to the phenolic pool circulating in the mammalian body, and may have systemic effects on health. In addition, the effects of the test diets on the microbiota were significant. Most interestingly, diversities of predominant cecal and fecal bacteria were higher after the intervention diet containing INS than after the intervention diet containing cellulose. Since low fecal bacterial diversity has been linked with numerous diseases and disorders, the diversity increasing ability opens very interesting perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Maukonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Gulam Shere Raza
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Klaus Niemelä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Jaroslaw Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 61-701 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Johanna Buchert
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu University Hospital , 90220 Oulu, Finland
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10
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Koistinen VM, Nordlund E, Katina K, Mattila I, Poutanen K, Hanhineva K, Aura AM. Effect of Bioprocessing on the In Vitro Colonic Microbial Metabolism of Phenolic Acids from Rye Bran Fortified Breads. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:1854-1864. [PMID: 28206756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cereal bran is an important source of dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acids. We aimed to study the phenolic acid metabolism of native and bioprocessed rye bran fortified refined wheat bread and to elucidate the microbial metabolic route of phenolic acids. After incubation in an in vitro colon model, the metabolites were analyzed using two different methods applying mass spectrometry. While phenolic acids were released more extensively from the bioprocessed bran bread and ferulic acid had consistently higher concentrations in the bread type during fermentation, there were only minor differences in the appearance of microbial metabolites, including the diminished levels of certain phenylacetic acids in the bioprocessed bran. This may be due to rye matrix properties, saturation of ferulic acid metabolism, or a rapid formation of intermediary metabolites left undetected. In addition, we provide expansion to the known metabolic pathways of phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville M Koistinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki , Post Office Box 66, Agnes Sjöbergin Katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- Steno Diabetes Center , Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland , Post Office Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT) , Post Office Box 1000, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
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11
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Kurko J, Tringham M, Tanner L, Näntö-Salonen K, Vähä-Mäkilä M, Nygren H, Pöhö P, Lietzen N, Mattila I, Olkku A, Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M, Simell O, Niinikoski H, Mykkänen J. Imbalance of plasma amino acids, metabolites and lipids in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI). Metabolism 2016; 65:1361-75. [PMID: 27506743 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI [MIM 222700]) is an aminoaciduria with defective transport of cationic amino acids in epithelial cells in the small intestine and proximal kidney tubules due to mutations in the SLC7A7 gene. LPI is characterized by protein malnutrition, failure to thrive and hyperammonemia. Many patients also suffer from combined hyperlipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an unknown etiology. METHODS Here, we studied the plasma metabolomes of the Finnish LPI patients (n=26) and healthy control individuals (n=19) using a targeted platform for analysis of amino acids as well as two analytical platforms with comprehensive coverage of molecular lipids and polar metabolites. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that LPI patients have a dichotomy of amino acid profiles, with both decreased essential and increased non-essential amino acids. Altered levels of metabolites participating in pathways such as sugar, energy, amino acid and lipid metabolism were observed. Furthermore, of these metabolites, myo-inositol, threonic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, galactaric acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and beta-aminoisobutyric acid associated significantly (P<0.001) with the CKD status. Lipid analysis showed reduced levels of phosphatidylcholines and elevated levels of triacylglycerols, of which long-chain triacylglycerols associated (P<0.01) with CKD. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed an amino acid imbalance affecting the basic cellular metabolism, disturbances in plasma lipid composition suggesting hepatic steatosis and fibrosis and novel metabolites correlating with CKD in LPI. In addition, the CKD-associated metabolite profile along with increased nitrite plasma levels suggests that LPI may be characterized by increased oxidative stress and apoptosis, altered microbial metabolism in the intestine and uremic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Kurko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Maaria Tringham
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura Tanner
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kirsti Näntö-Salonen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Mari Vähä-Mäkilä
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Boxs 1000, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland.
| | - Päivi Pöhö
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, P.O. Boxs 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| | - Niina Lietzen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Anu Olkku
- Eastern Finland Laboratory Centre, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Matej Orešič
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark.
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland.
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, PL 52, 20521 Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland.
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12
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Orešič M, Posti JP, Kamstrup-Nielsen MH, Takala RSK, Lingsma HF, Mattila I, Jäntti S, Katila AJ, Carpenter KLH, Ala-Seppälä H, Kyllönen A, Maanpää HR, Tallus J, Coles JP, Heino I, Frantzén J, Hutchinson PJ, Menon DK, Tenovuo O, Hyötyläinen T. Human Serum Metabolites Associate With Severity and Patient Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury. EBioMedicine 2016; 12:118-126. [PMID: 27665050 PMCID: PMC5078571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide, especially in children and young adults. TBI is an example of a medical condition where there are still major lacks in diagnostics and outcome prediction. Here we apply comprehensive metabolic profiling of serum samples from TBI patients and controls in two independent cohorts. The discovery study included 144 TBI patients, with the samples taken at the time of hospitalization. The patients were diagnosed as severe (sTBI; n = 22), moderate (moTBI; n = 14) or mild TBI (mTBI; n = 108) according to Glasgow Coma Scale. The control group (n = 28) comprised of acute orthopedic non-brain injuries. The validation study included sTBI (n = 23), moTBI (n = 7), mTBI (n = 37) patients and controls (n = 27). We show that two medium-chain fatty acids (decanoic and octanoic acids) and sugar derivatives including 2,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid are strongly associated with severity of TBI, and most of them are also detected at high concentrations in brain microdialysates of TBI patients. Based on metabolite concentrations from TBI patients at the time of hospitalization, an algorithm was developed that accurately predicted the patient outcomes (AUC = 0.84 in validation cohort). Addition of the metabolites to the established clinical model (CRASH), comprising clinical and computed tomography data, significantly improved prediction of patient outcomes. The identified ‘TBI metabotype’ in serum, that may be indicative of disrupted blood-brain barrier, of protective physiological response and altered metabolism due to head trauma, offers a new avenue for the development of diagnostic and prognostic markers of broad spectrum of TBIs. The study reports that serum metabolites are sensitive to severity of TBI as well as predict the patient outcomes. The findings are indicative of disruption in blood brain barrier and of protective response and altered TBI metabolism. Metabolites significantly improved the prediction of patient outcomes when added to the established clinical model.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an example of a medical condition where there are still major lacks in diagnostics, outcome prediction, and the therapy development. Since the blood-brain barrier prevents diffusion of most water-soluble molecules with molecular mass over 500 Da, here we hypothesized that circulating small molecules (metabolites) are a potential source of TBI markers. Based on serum metabolomic studies in two independent cohorts, we found that metabolites are sensitive to severity of TBI as well as predict the patient outcomes. The findings of this study may pave the way for new diagnostic tools for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Jussi P Posti
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Riikka S K Takala
- Perioperative Services, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Hester F Lingsma
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Sirkku Jäntti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ari J Katila
- Perioperative Services, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Management, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Keri L H Carpenter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Henna Ala-Seppälä
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Kyllönen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Henna-Riikka Maanpää
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jussi Tallus
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Iiro Heino
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Janek Frantzén
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Peter J Hutchinson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Box 167, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 93, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Olli Tenovuo
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Rehabilitation and Brain Trauma, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland; Department of Neurology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, VTT, Espoo, Finland; Clinical Research Institute, Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
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13
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Kostic A, Gevers D, Siljander H, Vatanen T, Hyötyläinen T, Hämäläinen AM, Peet A, Tillmann V, Pöhö P, Mattila I, Lähdesmäki H, Franzosa E, Vaarala O, de Goffau M, Harmsen H, Ilonen J, Virtanen S, Clish C, Orešič M, Huttenhower C, Knip M, Xavier R. The Dynamics of the Human Infant Gut Microbiome in Development and in Progression toward Type 1 Diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Vetrani C, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G, Adiels M, Borén J, Mattila I, Orešič M, Aura AM. Metabolic transformations of dietary polyphenols: comparison between in vitro colonic and hepatic models and in vivo urinary metabolites. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 33:111-8. [PMID: 27155917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Studies on metabolism of polyphenols have revealed extensive transformations in the carbon backbone by colonic microbiota; however, the influence of microbial and hepatic transformations on human urinary metabolites has not been explored. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to compare the in vitro microbial phenolic metabolite profile of foods and beverages with that excreted in urine of subjects consuming the same foodstuff and (2) to explore the role of liver on postcolonic metabolism of polyphenols by using in vitro hepatic models. A 24-h urinary phenolic metabolite profile was evaluated in 72 subjects participating in an 8-week clinical trial during which they were randomly assigned to diets differing for polyphenol content. Polyphenol-rich foods and beverages used in the clinical trial were subjected to human fecal microbiota in the in vitro colon model. Metabolites from green tea, one of the main components of the polyphenol-rich diet, were incubated with primary hepatocytes to highlight hepatic conversion of polyphenols. The analyses were performed using targeted gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GCxGC-TOFMS:colon model; GC-MS: urine and hepatocytes). A significant correlation was found between urinary and colonic metabolites with C1-C3 side chain (P=.040). However, considerably higher amounts of hippuric acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid and ferulic acid were detected in urine than in the colon model. The hepatic conversion showed additional amounts of these metabolites complementing the gap between in vitro colon model and the in vivo urinary excretion. Therefore, combining in vitro colon and hepatic models may better elucidate the metabolism of polyphenols from dietary exposure to urinary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Adiels
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research/Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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15
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Hyötyläinen T, Jerby L, Petäjä EM, Mattila I, Jäntti S, Auvinen P, Gastaldelli A, Yki-Järvinen H, Ruppin E, Orešič M. Genome-scale study reveals reduced metabolic adaptability in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Commun 2016; 7:8994. [PMID: 26839171 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major risk factor leading to chronic liver disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we chart liver metabolic activity and functionality in NAFLD by integrating global transcriptomic data, from human liver biopsies, and metabolic flux data, measured across the human splanchnic vascular bed, within a genome-scale model of human metabolism. We show that an increased amount of liver fat induces mitochondrial metabolism, lipolysis, glyceroneogenesis and a switch from lactate to glycerol as substrate for gluconeogenesis, indicating an intricate balance of exacerbated opposite metabolic processes in glycemic regulation. These changes were associated with reduced metabolic adaptability on a network level in the sense that liver fat accumulation puts increasing demands on the liver to adaptively regulate metabolic responses to maintain basic liver functions. We propose that failure to meet excessive metabolic challenges coupled with reduced metabolic adaptability may lead to a vicious pathogenic cycle leading to the co-morbidities of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, Gentofte, DK-2820, Denmark.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Livnat Jerby
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Elina M Petäjä
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, Gentofte, DK-2820, Denmark.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Sirkku Jäntti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Petri Auvinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, DNA Sequencing and Genomics Laboratory, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki FI-00290, Finland
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Center for BioInformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Matej Orešič
- Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 6, Gentofte, DK-2820, Denmark.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku FI-20520, Finland
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16
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Kostic AD, Gevers D, Siljander H, Vatanen T, Hyötyläinen T, Hämäläinen AM, Peet A, Tillmann V, Pöhö P, Mattila I, Lähdesmäki H, Franzosa EA, Vaarala O, de Goffau M, Harmsen H, Ilonen J, Virtanen SM, Clish CB, Orešič M, Huttenhower C, Knip M, Xavier RJ. The dynamics of the human infant gut microbiome in development and in progression toward type 1 diabetes. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 17:260-73. [PMID: 25662751 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 743] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Colonization of the fetal and infant gut microbiome results in dynamic changes in diversity, which can impact disease susceptibility. To examine the relationship between human gut microbiome dynamics throughout infancy and type 1 diabetes (T1D), we examined a cohort of 33 infants genetically predisposed to T1D. Modeling trajectories of microbial abundances through infancy revealed a subset of microbial relationships shared across most subjects. Although strain composition of a given species was highly variable between individuals, it was stable within individuals throughout infancy. Metabolic composition and metabolic pathway abundance remained constant across time. A marked drop in alpha-diversity was observed in T1D progressors in the time window between seroconversion and T1D diagnosis, accompanied by spikes in inflammation-favoring organisms, gene functions, and serum and stool metabolites. This work identifies trends in the development of the human infant gut microbiome along with specific alterations that precede T1D onset and distinguish T1D progressors from nonprogressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar D Kostic
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dirk Gevers
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Heli Siljander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vatanen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Aleksandr Peet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia and Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Estonia and Tartu University Hospital, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Päivi Pöhö
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Eric A Franzosa
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Outi Vaarala
- Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marcus de Goffau
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hermie Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen and University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi M Virtanen
- Department of Lifestyle and Participation, National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland; School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014 Tampere, Finland; Science Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matej Orešič
- Steno Diabetes Center, 2820 Gentofte, Denmark; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 Espoo, Finland
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Research Program Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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17
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Bondia-Pons I, Maukonen J, Mattila I, Rissanen A, Saarela M, Kaprio J, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Hyötyläinen T, Pietiläinen KH, Orešič M. Metabolome and fecal microbiota in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for weight: a Big Mac challenge. FASEB J 2014; 28:4169-79. [PMID: 24846387 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-250167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Postprandial responses to food are complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. We studied postprandial responses to a Big Mac meal challenge in monozygotic co-twins highly discordant for body weight. This unique design allows assessment of the contribution of obesity, independent of genetic liability. Comprehensive metabolic profiling using 3 analytical platforms was applied to fasting and postprandial serum samples from 16 healthy monozygotic twin pairs discordant for weight (body mass index difference >3 kg/m(2)). Nine concordant monozygotic pairs were examined as control pairs. Fecal samples were analyzed to assess diversity of the major bacterial groups by using 5 different validated bacterial group specific denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methods. No differences in fecal bacterial diversity were detected when comparing co-twins discordant for weight (ANOVA, P<0.05). We found that within-pair similarity is a dominant factor in the metabolic postprandial response, independent of acquired obesity. Branched chain amino acids were increased in heavier as compared with leaner co-twins in the fasting state, but their levels converged postprandially (paired t tests, FDR q<0.05). We also found that specific bacterial groups were associated with postprandial changes of specific metabolites. Our findings underline important roles of genetic and early life factors in the regulation of postprandial metabolite levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bondia-Pons
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Department of Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Maria Saarela
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, and Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; and
| | - Antti Hakkarainen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jesper Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) Medical Imaging Center, and
| | - Nina Lundbom
- Department of Radiology, The Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa (HUS) Medical Imaging Center, and
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
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18
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Aura AM, Niemi P, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Smeds A, Tamminen T, Faulds C, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Release of small phenolic compounds from brewer's spent grain and its lignin fractions by human intestinal microbiota in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9744-9753. [PMID: 24028071 DOI: 10.1021/jf4024195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the major side-stream from brewing, is rich in protein, lignin, and nonstarch polysaccharides. Lignin is a polyphenolic macromolecule considered resilient toward breakdown and utilization by colon microbiota, although some indications of release of small phenolic components from lignin in animals have been shown. The aim of this study was to investigate if the human intestinal microbiota can release lignans and small phenolic compounds from whole BSG, a lignin-enriched insoluble fraction from BSG and a deferuloylated fraction, in a metabolic in vitro colon model. The formation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) was also investigated. More lignin-related monomers and dilignols were detected from the lignin-enriched fraction than from BSG or deferuloylated BSG. SCFA formation was not suppressed by any of the fractions. It was shown that small lignin-like compounds were released from these samples in the in vitro colon model, originating most likely from lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
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19
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Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Kotronen A, Gopalacharyulu P, Nygren H, Arola J, Castillo S, Mattila I, Hakkarainen A, Borra RJH, Honka MJ, Verrijken A, Francque S, Iozzo P, Leivonen M, Jaser N, Juuti A, Sørensen TIA, Nuutila P, Van Gaal L, Yki-Järvinen H. Prediction of non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease and liver fat content by serum molecular lipids. Diabetologia 2013; 56:2266-74. [PMID: 23824212 PMCID: PMC3764317 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2981-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We examined whether analysis of lipids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to MS allows the development of a laboratory test for non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD), and how a lipid-profile biomarker compares with the prediction of NAFLD and liver-fat content based on routinely available clinical and laboratory data. METHODS We analysed the concentrations of molecular lipids by UPLC-MS in blood samples of 679 well-characterised individuals in whom liver-fat content was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) or liver biopsy. The participants were divided into biomarker-discovery (n = 287) and validation (n = 392) groups to build and validate the diagnostic models, respectively. RESULTS Individuals with NAFLD had increased triacylglycerols with low carbon number and double-bond content while lysophosphatidylcholines and ether phospholipids were diminished in those with NAFLD. A serum-lipid signature comprising three molecular lipids ('lipid triplet') was developed to estimate the percentage of liver fat. It had a sensitivity of 69.1% and specificity of 73.8% when applied for diagnosis of NAFLD in the validation series. The usefulness of the lipid triplet was demonstrated in a weight-loss intervention study. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The liver-fat-biomarker signature based on molecular lipids may provide a non-invasive tool to diagnose NAFLD, in addition to highlighting lipid molecular pathways involved in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, Espoo, 02044 VTT, Finland.
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20
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Niemi P, Aura AM, Maukonen J, Smeds AI, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Tamminen T, Faulds CB, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Interactions of a lignin-rich fraction from brewer's spent grain with gut microbiota in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6754-6762. [PMID: 23768078 DOI: 10.1021/jf401738x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a constituent of plant cell walls and thus is classified as part of dietary fiber. However, little is known about the role of lignin in gastrointestinal fermentation. In this work, a lignin-rich fraction was prepared from brewer's spent grain and subjected to an in vitro colon model to study its potential bioconversions and interactions with fecal microbiota. No suppression of microbial conversion by the fraction was observed in the colon model, as measured as short-chain fatty acid production. Furthermore, no inhibition on the growth was observed when the fraction was incubated with strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In fact, the lignin-rich fraction enabled bifidobacteria to survive longer than with glucose. Several transiently appearing phenolic compounds, very likely originating from lignin, were observed during the fermentation. This would indicate that the gut microbiota was able to partially degrade lignin and metabolize the released compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- Bio and Process Technology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
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21
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Hartonen M, Mattila I, Ruskeepää AL, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T. Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1293:142-9. [PMID: 23642768 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) was applied in the quantification and identification of organic compounds in patient-matched human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples. Concentrations of 21 amino and hydroxyl acids varied from 0.04 to 77ng/μl in CSF and from 0.1 to 84ng/μl in serum. In total, 91 metabolites out of over 1200 detected were identified based on mass spectra and retention indices. The other metabolites were identified at the functional group level. The main metabolites detected in CSF were sugar and amino acid derivatives. The CSF and serum had clearly distinct metabolic profiles, with larger biological variation in the serum than in CSF. The GC×GC-TOFMS allowed detection and identification of several metabolites that have not been previously detected in CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Hartonen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
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22
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Aura AM, Mattila I, Hyötyläinen T, Gopalacharyulu P, Cheynier V, Souquet JM, Bes M, Le Bourvellec C, Guyot S, Orešič M. Characterization of microbial metabolism of Syrah grape products in an in vitro colon model using targeted and non-targeted analytical approaches. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52:833-46. [PMID: 22699306 PMCID: PMC3573183 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Syrah red grapes are used in the production of tannin-rich red wines. Tannins are high molecular weight molecules, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and poorly absorbed in the upper intestine. In this study, gut microbial metabolism of Syrah grape phenolic compounds was investigated. METHODS Syrah grape pericarp was subjected to an enzymatic in vitro digestion model, and red wine and grape skin PA fraction were prepared. Microbial conversion was screened using an in vitro colon model with faecal microbiota, by measurement of short-chain fatty acids by gas chromatography (GC) and microbial phenolic metabolites using GC with mass detection (GC-MS). Red wine metabolites were further profiled using two-dimensional GC mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). In addition, the effect of PA structure and dose on conversion efficiency was investigated by GC-MS. RESULTS Red wine exhibited a higher degree of C1-C3 phenolic acid formation than PA fraction or grape pericarp powders. Hydroxyphenyl valeric acid (flavanols and PAs as precursors) and 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (anthocyanin as a precursor) were identified from the red wine metabolite profile. In the absence of native grape pericarp or red wine matrix, the isolated PAs were found to be effective in the dose-dependent inhibition of microbial conversions and short-chain fatty acid formation. CONCLUSIONS Metabolite profiling was complementary to targeted analysis. The identified metabolites had biological relevance, because the structures of the metabolites resembled fragments of their grape phenolic precursors or were in agreement with literature data.
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23
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Hyötyläinen T, Mattila I, Wiedmer SK, Koivuniemi A, Taskinen MR, Yki-Järvinen H, Orešič M. Metabolomic analysis of polar metabolites in lipoprotein fractions identifies lipoprotein-specific metabolic profiles and their association with insulin resistance. Mol Biosyst 2013; 8:2559-65. [PMID: 22722885 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25115a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While the molecular lipid composition of lipoproteins has been investigated in detail, little is known about associations of small polar metabolites with specific lipoproteins. The aim of the present study was to investigate the profiles of polar metabolites in different lipoprotein fractions, i.e., very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and two sub-fractions of the high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL(2), and HDL(3) fractions were isolated from serum of sixteen individuals having a broad range of insulin sensitivity and characterized using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS). The lipoprotein fractions had clearly different metabolite profiles, which correlated with the particle size and surface charge. Lipoprotein-specific associations of individual metabolites with insulin resistance were identified, particularly in VLDL and IDL fractions, even in the absence of such associations in serum. The results indicate that the polar molecules are strongly attached to the surface of the lipoproteins. Furthermore, strong lipoprotein-specific associations of metabolites with insulin resistance, as compared to their serum profiles, indicate that lipoproteins may be a rich source of tissue-specific metabolic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, FIN-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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Nordlund E, Aura AM, Mattila I, Kössö T, Rouau X, Poutanen K. Formation of phenolic microbial metabolites and short-chain fatty acids from rye, wheat, and oat bran and their fractions in the metabolical in vitro colon model. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:8134-8145. [PMID: 22731123 DOI: 10.1021/jf3008037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rye bran and aleurone, wheat bran and aleurone, and oat bran and cell wall concentrate were compared in their in vitro gut fermentation patterns of individual phenolic acids and short-chain fatty acids, preceded by enzymatic in vitro digestion mimicking small intestinal events. The formation of phenolic metabolites was the most pronounced from the wheat aleurone fraction. Phenylpropionic acids, presumably derived from ferulic acid (FA), were the major phenyl metabolites formed from all bran preparations. The processed rye, wheat, and oat bran fractions contained more water-extractable dietary fiber (DF) and had smaller particle sizes and were thus more easily fermentable than the corresponding brans. Rye aleurone and bran had the highest fermentation rate and extent probably due to high fructan and water-extractable arabinoxylan content. Oat samples also had a high content of water-extractable DF, β-glucan, but their fermentation rate was lower. Enzymatic digestion prior to in vitro colon fermentation changed the structure of oat cell walls as visualized by microscopy and increased the particle size, which is suggested to have retarded the fermentability of oat samples. Wheat bran was the most slowly fermentable among the studied samples, presumably due to the high proportion of water-unextractable DF. The in vitro digestion reduced the fructan content of wheat samples, thus also decreasing their fermentability. Among the studied short-chain fatty acids, acetate dominated the profiles. The highest and lowest production of propionate was from the oat and wheat samples, respectively. Interestingly, wheat aleurone generated similar amounts of butyrate as the rye fractions even without rapid gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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25
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Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T, Herukka SK, Sysi-Aho M, Mattila I, Seppänan-Laakso T, Julkunen V, Gopalacharyulu PV, Hallikainen M, Koikkalainen J, Kivipelto M, Helisalmi S, Lötjönen J, Soininen H. Metabolome in progression to Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2011; 1:e57. [PMID: 22832349 PMCID: PMC3309497 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered as a transition phase between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). MCI confers an increased risk of developing AD, although the state is heterogeneous with several possible outcomes, including even improvement back to normal cognition. We sought to determine the serum metabolomic profiles associated with progression to and diagnosis of AD in a prospective study. At the baseline assessment, the subjects enrolled in the study were classified into three diagnostic groups: healthy controls (n=46), MCI (n=143) and AD (n=47). Among the MCI subjects, 52 progressed to AD in the follow-up. Comprehensive metabolomics approach was applied to analyze baseline serum samples and to associate the metabolite profiles with the diagnosis at baseline and in the follow-up. At baseline, AD patients were characterized by diminished ether phospholipids, phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins and sterols. A molecular signature comprising three metabolites was identified, which was predictive of progression to AD in the follow-up. The major contributor to the predictive model was 2,4-dihydroxybutanoic acid, which was upregulated in AD progressors (P=0.0048), indicating potential involvement of hypoxia in the early AD pathogenesis. This was supported by the pathway analysis of metabolomics data, which identified upregulation of pentose phosphate pathway in patients who later progressed to AD. Together, our findings primarily implicate hypoxia, oxidative stress, as well as membrane lipid remodeling in progression to AD. Establishment of pathogenic relevance of predictive biomarkers such as ours may not only facilitate early diagnosis, but may also help identify new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
| | - T Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - S-K Herukka
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Sysi-Aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - I Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - V Julkunen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - M Hallikainen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Koikkalainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Kivipelto
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Helisalmi
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Lötjönen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tampere, Finland
| | - H Soininen
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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26
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Bondia-Pons I, Nordlund E, Mattila I, Katina K, Aura AM, Kolehmainen M, Orešič M, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K. Postprandial differences in the plasma metabolome of healthy Finnish subjects after intake of a sourdough fermented endosperm rye bread versus white wheat bread. Nutr J 2011; 10:116. [PMID: 22011443 PMCID: PMC3214176 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-10-116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism behind the lowered postprandial insulin demand observed after rye bread intake compared to wheat bread is unknown. The aim of this study was to use the metabolomics approach to identify potential metabolites related to amino acid metabolism involved in this mechanism. METHODS A sourdough fermented endosperm rye bread (RB) and a standard white wheat bread (WB) as a reference were served in random order to 16 healthy subjects. Test bread portions contained 50 g available carbohydrate. In vitro hydrolysis of starch and protein were performed for both test breads. Blood samples for measuring glucose and insulin concentrations were drawn over 4 h and gastric emptying rate (GER) was measured. Changes in the plasma metabolome were investigated by applying a comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics platform (GC × GC-TOF-MS). RESULTS Plasma insulin response to RB was lower than to WB at 30 min (P = 0.004), 45 min (P = 0.002) and 60 min (P < 0.001) after bread intake, and plasma glucose response was significantly higher at time point 90 min after RB than WB intake (P = 0.045). The starch hydrolysis rate was higher for RB than WB, contrary to the in vitro protein digestibility. There were no differences in GER between breads. From 255 metabolites identified by the metabolomics platform, 26 showed significant postprandial relative changes after 30 minutes of bread intake (p and q values < 0.05). Among them, there were changes in essential amino acids (phenylalanine, methionine, tyrosine and glutamic acid), metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (alpha-ketoglutaric, pyruvic acid and citric acid) and several organic acids. Interestingly, the levels of two compounds involved in the tryptophan metabolism (picolinic acid, ribitol) significantly changed depending on the different bread intake. CONCLUSIONS A single meal of a low fibre sourdough rye bread producing low postprandial insulin response brings in several changes in plasma amino acids and their metabolites and some of these might have properties beneficial for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Bondia-Pons
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition. Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre. University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus. P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211. Kuopio, Finland
| | - Emilia Nordlund
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kati Katina
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition. Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre. University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus. P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211. Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannu Mykkänen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition. Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre. University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus. P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211. Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition. Clinical Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre. University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus. P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211. Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. P.O.Box 1000, FI-02044. Tietotie 2, Espoo, Finland
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27
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Sysi-Aho M, Ermolov A, Gopalacharyulu PV, Tripathi A, Seppänen-Laakso T, Maukonen J, Mattila I, Ruohonen ST, Vähätalo L, Yetukuri L, Härkönen T, Lindfors E, Nikkilä J, Ilonen J, Simell O, Saarela M, Knip M, Kaski S, Savontaus E, Orešič M. Metabolic regulation in progression to autoimmune diabetes. PLoS Comput Biol 2011; 7:e1002257. [PMID: 22046124 PMCID: PMC3203065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence from serum metabolomics indicates that specific metabolic disturbances precede β-cell autoimmunity in humans and can be used to identify those children who subsequently progress to type 1 diabetes. The mechanisms behind these disturbances are unknown. Here we show the specificity of the pre-autoimmune metabolic changes, as indicated by their conservation in a murine model of type 1 diabetes. We performed a study in non-obese prediabetic (NOD) mice which recapitulated the design of the human study and derived the metabolic states from longitudinal lipidomics data. We show that female NOD mice who later progress to autoimmune diabetes exhibit the same lipidomic pattern as prediabetic children. These metabolic changes are accompanied by enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, normoglycemia, upregulation of insulinotropic amino acids in islets, elevated plasma leptin and adiponectin, and diminished gut microbial diversity of the Clostridium leptum group. Together, the findings indicate that autoimmune diabetes is preceded by a state of increased metabolic demands on the islets resulting in elevated insulin secretion and suggest alternative metabolic related pathways as therapeutic targets to prevent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Sysi-Aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Andrey Ermolov
- Aalto University School of Science, Department of Information and Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Abhishek Tripathi
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Suvi T. Ruohonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Vähätalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Taina Härkönen
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erno Lindfors
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Jorma Ilonen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Saarela
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Kaski
- Aalto University School of Science, Department of Information and Computer Science, Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Espoo, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eriika Savontaus
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
- Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
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28
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Canelas AB, Harrison N, Fazio A, Zhang J, Pitkänen JP, van den Brink J, Bakker BM, Bogner L, Bouwman J, Castrillo JI, Cankorur A, Chumnanpuen P, Daran-Lapujade P, Dikicioglu D, van Eunen K, Ewald JC, Heijnen JJ, Kirdar B, Mattila I, Mensonides FIC, Niebel A, Penttilä M, Pronk JT, Reuss M, Salusjärvi L, Sauer U, Sherman D, Siemann-Herzberg M, Westerhoff H, de Winde J, Petranovic D, Oliver SG, Workman CT, Zamboni N, Nielsen J. Integrated multilaboratory systems biology reveals differences in protein metabolism between two reference yeast strains. Nat Commun 2011; 1:145. [PMID: 21266995 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of systems biology is often held back by difficulties in obtaining comprehensive, high-quality, quantitative data sets. In this paper, we undertook an interlaboratory effort to generate such a data set for a very large number of cellular components in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a widely used model organism that is also used in the production of fuels, chemicals, food ingredients and pharmaceuticals. With the current focus on biofuels and sustainability, there is much interest in harnessing this species as a general cell factory. In this study, we characterized two yeast strains, under two standard growth conditions. We ensured the high quality of the experimental data by evaluating a wide range of sampling and analytical techniques. Here we show significant differences in the maximum specific growth rate and biomass yield between the two strains. On the basis of the integrated analysis of the high-throughput data, we hypothesize that differences in phenotype are due to differences in protein metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- André B Canelas
- Department of Biotechnology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 67, Delft 2628 BC, The Netherlands
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Castillo S, Mattila I, Miettinen J, Orešič M, Hyötyläinen T. Data analysis tool for comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:3058-67. [PMID: 21434611 DOI: 10.1021/ac103308x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Data processing and identification of unknown compounds in comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOFMS) analysis is a major challenge, particularly when large sample sets are analyzed. Herein, we present a method for efficient treatment of large data sets produced by GC×GC/TOFMS implemented as a freely available open source software package, Guineu. To handle large data sets and to efficiently utilize all the features available in the vendor software (baseline correction, mass spectral deconvolution, peak picking, integration, library search, and signal-to-noise filtering), data preprocessed by instrument software are used as a starting point for further processing. Our software affords alignment of the data, normalization, data filtering, and utilization of retention indexes in the verification of identification as well as a novel tool for automated group-type identification of the compounds. Herein, different features of the software are studied in detail and the performance of the system is verified by the analysis of a large set of standard samples as well as of a large set of authentic biological samples, including the control samples. The quantitative features of our GC×GC/TOFMS methodology are also studied to further demonstrate the method performance and the experimental results confirm the reliability of the developed procedure. The methodology has already been successfully used for the analysis of several thousand samples in the field of metabolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Castillo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
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30
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Orešič M, Tang J, Seppänen-Laakso T, Mattila I, Saarni SE, Saarni SI, Lönnqvist J, Sysi-Aho M, Hyötyläinen T, Perälä J, Suvisaari J. Metabolome in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders: a general population-based study. Genome Med 2011; 3:19. [PMID: 21429189 PMCID: PMC3092104 DOI: 10.1186/gm233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 02/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders have a high prevalence of obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and lipid abnormalities, particularly hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein. More detailed molecular information on the metabolic abnormalities may reveal clues about the pathophysiology of these changes, as well as about disease specificity. METHODS We applied comprehensive metabolomics in serum samples from a general population-based study in Finland. The study included all persons with DSM-IV primary psychotic disorder (schizophrenia, n = 45; other non-affective psychosis (ONAP), n = 57; affective psychosis, n = 37) and controls matched by age, sex, and region of residence. Two analytical platforms for metabolomics were applied to all serum samples: a global lipidomics platform based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, which covers molecular lipids such as phospholipids and neutral lipids; and a platform for small polar metabolites based on two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS). RESULTS Compared with their matched controls, persons with schizophrenia had significantly higher metabolite levels in six lipid clusters containing mainly saturated triglycerides, and in two small-molecule clusters containing, among other metabolites, (1) branched chain amino acids, phenylalanine and tyrosine, and (2) proline, glutamic, lactic and pyruvic acids. Among these, serum glutamic acid was elevated in all psychoses (P = 0.0020) compared to controls, while proline upregulation (P = 0.000023) was specific to schizophrenia. After adjusting for medication and metabolic comorbidity in linear mixed models, schizophrenia remained independently associated with higher levels in seven of these eight clusters (P < 0.05 in each cluster). The metabolic abnormalities were less pronounced in persons with ONAP or affective psychosis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that specific metabolic abnormalities related to glucoregulatory processes and proline metabolism are specifically associated with schizophrenia and reflect two different disease-related pathways. Metabolomics, which is sensitive to both genetic and environmental variation, may become a powerful tool in psychiatric research to investigate disease susceptibility, clinical course, and treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Suoma E Saarni
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Lintulahdenkuja 4, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli I Saarni
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Lintulahdenkuja 4, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Välskärinkatu 12, PO Box 590, FIN-00029 HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Lönnqvist
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Lintulahdenkuja 4, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Välskärinkatu 12, PO Box 590, FIN-00029 HUCH, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Sysi-Aho
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jonna Perälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Lintulahdenkuja 4, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Lintulahdenkuja 4, PO Box 30, FI-00271, Helsinki, Finland
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Mateo Anson N, Aura AM, Selinheimo E, Mattila I, Poutanen K, van den Berg R, Havenaar R, Bast A, Haenen GRMM. Bioprocessing of wheat bran in whole wheat bread increases the bioavailability of phenolic acids in men and exerts antiinflammatory effects ex vivo. J Nutr 2011; 141:137-43. [PMID: 21106920 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.127720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole grain consumption has been linked to a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, which is normally associated with a low-grade chronic inflammation. The benefits of whole grain are in part related to the inclusion of the bran, rich in phenolic acids and fiber. However, the phenols are poorly bioaccessible from the cereal matrix. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of bioprocessing of the bran in whole wheat bread on the bioavailability of phenolic acids, the postprandial plasma antioxidant capacity, and ex vivo antiinflammatory properties. After consumption of a low phenolic acid diet for 3 d and overnight fasting, 8 healthy men consumed 300 g of whole wheat bread containing native bran (control bread) or bioprocessed bran (bioprocessed bread) in a cross-over design. Urine and blood samples were collected for 24 h to analyze the phenolic acids and metabolites. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity was measured in plasma. Cytokines were measured in blood after ex vivo stimulation with LPS. The bioavailabilities of ferulic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid from the bioprocessed bread were 2- to 3-fold those from the control bread. Phenylpropionic acid and 3-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid were the main colonic metabolites of the nonbioaccessible phenols. The ratios of pro-:antiinflammatory cytokines were significantly lower in LPS-stimulated blood after the consumption of the bioprocessed bread. In conclusion, bioprocessing can remarkably increase the bioavailability of phenolic acids and their circulating metabolites, compounds which have immunomodulatory effects ex vivo.
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Seppänen-Laakso T, Mattila I, Juntunen K, Mykkänen H, Poutanen K, Gylling H, Oresic M. Metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites that may mediate effects of rye bread on satiety and weight maintenance in postmenopausal women. J Nutr 2011; 141:31-6. [PMID: 21084654 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.131656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evidence of the beneficial health effects of dietary fiber and whole grain consumption is strong, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we investigate how the consumption of high-fiber rye bread (RB) or white-wheat bread (WB) modifies the plasma metabolomic profiles in postmenopausal women. The study was a randomized crossover trial consisting of 8-wk intervention periods and an 8-wk washout period. The study included 39 postmenopausal women with elevated serum total cholesterol (5.0-8.5 mmol/L) and BMI 20-33 kg/m(2). During the intervention periods, the study breads contributed to least 20% of total energy intake. Two analytical platforms for metabolomics were applied. Lipidomic analysis was performed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization MS and the other metabolites, including sterols, organic acids, and alcohols, were analyzed by 2-dimensional GC coupled to time-of-flight MS. Altogether, 540 metabolites were profiled. Ribitol (P < 0.001), ribonic acid (P < 0.001), and indoleacetic acid (P < 0.001) increased during the RB consumption period. Ribonic acid correlated positively with tryptophan (r = 0.40; P = 0.003), which is a precursor for the biosynthesis of hunger-depressing serotonin. There were no changes in plasma lipidomic profiles during the RB or WB intervention periods. The results suggest that 8-wk consumption of high-fiber rye bread increases metabolites that might mediate positive effects of rye bread on satiety and weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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33
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Aura AM, Mattila I, Hyötyläinen T, Gopalacharyulu P, Bounsaythip C, Orešič M, Oksman-Caldentey KM. Drug metabolome of the simvastatin formed by human intestinal microbiota in vitro. Mol Biosyst 2010; 7:437-46. [PMID: 21060933 DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00023j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human colon contains a diverse microbial population which contributes to degradation and metabolism of food components. Drug metabolism in the colon is generally poorly understood. Metabolomics techniques and in vitro colon models are now available which afford detailed characterization of drug metabolites in the context of colon metabolism. The aim of this work was to identify novel drug metabolites of Simvastatin (SV) by using an anaerobic human in vitro colon model at body temperature coupled with systems biology platform, excluding the metabolism of the host liver and intestinal epithelia. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) was used for the metabolomic analysis. Metabolites showing the most significant differences in the active faecal suspension were elucidated in reference with SV fragmentation and compared with controls: inactive suspension or buffer with SV, or with active suspension alone. Finally, time courses of selected metabolites were investigated. Our data suggest that SV is degraded by hydrolytic cleavage of methylbutanoic acid from the SV backbone. Metabolism involves demethylation of dimethylbutanoic acid, hydroxylation/dehydroxylation and β-oxidation resulting in the production of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid (3-methyl-2-hydroxybutanoic acid), 3-hydroxybutanoic acid and lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid), and finally re-cyclisation of heptanoic acid (possibly de-esterified and cleaved methylpyranyl arm) to produce cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. Our study elucidates a pathway of colonic microbial metabolism of SV as well as demonstrates the applicability of the in vitro colon model and metabolomics to the discovery of novel drug metabolites from drug response profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marja Aura
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, Tietotie 2, Espoo, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Ahola-Erkkilä S, Carroll CJ, Peltola-Mjösund K, Tulkki V, Mattila I, Seppänen-Laakso T, Oresic M, Tyynismaa H, Suomalainen A. Ketogenic diet slows down mitochondrial myopathy progression in mice. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 19:1974-84. [PMID: 20167576 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases of adult age and of multisystem disorders of childhood. However, no effective treatment exists for these progressive disorders. Cell culture studies suggested that ketogenic diet (KD), with low glucose and high fat content, could select against cells or mitochondria with mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but proper patient trials are still lacking. We studied here the transgenic Deletor mouse, a disease model for progressive late-onset mitochondrial myopathy, accumulating mtDNA deletions during aging and manifesting subtle progressive respiratory chain (RC) deficiency. We found that these mice have widespread lipidomic and metabolite changes, including abnormal plasma phospholipid and free amino acid levels and ketone body production. We treated these mice with pre-symptomatic long-term and post-symptomatic shorter term KD. The effects of the diet for disease progression were followed by morphological, metabolomic and lipidomic tools. We show here that the diet decreased the amount of cytochrome c oxidase negative muscle fibers, a key feature in mitochondrial RC deficiencies, and prevented completely the formation of the mitochondrial ultrastructural abnormalities in the muscle. Furthermore, most of the metabolic and lipidomic changes were cured by the diet to wild-type levels. The diet did not, however, significantly affect the mtDNA quality or quantity, but rather induced mitochondrial biogenesis and restored liver lipid levels. Our results show that mitochondrial myopathy induces widespread metabolic changes, and that KD can slow down progression of the disease in mice. These results suggest that KD may be useful for mitochondrial late-onset myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ahola-Erkkilä
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology, Biomedicum-Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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35
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Mervaala E, Biala A, Merasto S, Lempiäinen J, Mattila I, Martonen E, Eriksson O, Louhelainen M, Finckenberg P, Kaheinen P, Muller DN, Luft FC, Lapatto R, Oresic M. Metabolomics in angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension 2010; 55:508-15. [PMID: 20065148 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.145490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces mitochondrial dysfunction. We tested whether Ang II alters the "metabolomic" profile. We harvested hearts from 8-week-old double transgenic rats harboring human renin and angiotensinogen genes (dTGRs) and controls (Sprague-Dawley), all with or without Ang II type 1 receptor (valsartan) blockade. We used gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to detect 247 intermediary metabolites. We used a partial least-squares discriminate analysis and identified 112 metabolites that differed significantly after corrections (false discovery rate q <0.05). We found great differences in the use of fatty acids as an energy source, namely, decreased levels of octanoic, oleic, and linoleic acids in dTGR (all P<0.01). The increase in cardiac hypoxanthine levels in dTGRs suggested an increase in purine degradation, whereas other changes supported an increased ketogenic amino acid tyrosine level, causing energy production failure. The metabolomic profile of valsartan-treated dTGRs more closely resembled Sprague-Dawley rats than untreated dTGRs. Mitochondrial respiratory chain activity of cytochrome C oxidase was decreased in dTGRs, whereas complex I and complex II were unaltered. Mitochondria from dTGR hearts showed morphological alterations suggesting increased mitochondrial fusion. Cardiac expression of the redox-sensitive and the cardioprotective metabolic sensor sirtuin 1 was increased in dTGRs. Interestingly, valsartan changed the level of 33 metabolites and induced mitochondrial biogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Thus, distinct patterns of cardiac substrate use in Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. The finding underscores the importance of Ang II in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiac metabolomics, even in healthy hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Mervaala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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36
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Kajander K, Myllyluoma E, Kyrönpalo S, Rasmussen M, Sipponen P, Mattila I, Seppänen-Laakso T, Vapaatalo H, Oresic M, Korpela R. Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2009. [PMID: 20027679 DOI: pmid/20027679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls. METHODS Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics (UPLC/MS) and metabolomics (GC x GC-TOF) approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon. RESULTS Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di- and triacylglycerols. Among the metabolites, the cyclic ester 2(3H)-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajsa Kajander
- Institute of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 63, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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37
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Kajander K, Myllyluoma E, Kyrönpalo S, Rasmussen M, Sipponen P, Mattila I, Seppänen-Laakso T, Vapaatalo H, Orešič M, Korpela R. Elevated pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic mucosal lipids characterise irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2009; 15:6068-74. [PMID: 20027679 PMCID: PMC2797663 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.6068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) by comparing the global mucosal metabolic profiles of IBS patients with those of healthy controls.
METHODS: Fifteen IBS patients fulfilling the Rome II criteria, and nine healthy volunteers were included in the study. A combined lipidomics (UPLC/MS) and metabolomics (GC × GC-TOF) approach was used to achieve global metabolic profiles of mucosal biopsies from the ascending colon.
RESULTS: Overall, lipid levels were elevated in patients with IBS. The most significant upregulation was seen for pro-inflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines. Other lipid groups that were significantly upregulated in IBS patients were lipotoxic ceramides, glycosphingolipids, and di- and triacylglycerols. Among the metabolites, the cyclic ester 2(3H)-furanone was almost 14-fold upregulated in IBS patients compared to healthy subjects (P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION: IBS mucosa is characterised by a distinct pro-inflammatory and lipotoxic metabolic profile. Especially, there was an increase in several lipid species such as lysophospholipids and ceramides.
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38
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Anson NM, Selinheimo E, Havenaar R, Aura AM, Mattila I, Lehtinen P, Bast A, Poutanen K, Haenen GRMM. Bioprocessing of wheat bran improves in vitro bioaccessibility and colonic metabolism of phenolic compounds. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:6148-6155. [PMID: 19537710 DOI: 10.1021/jf900492h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is the most abundant phenolic compound in wheat grain, mainly located in the bran. However, its bioaccessibility from the bran matrix is extremely low. Different bioprocessing techniques involving fermentation or enzymatic and fermentation treatments of wheat bran were developed aiming at improving the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in bran-containing breads. The bioaccessibility of ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, and sinapic acid was assessed with an in vitro model of upper gastrointestinal tract (TIM-1). Colonic metabolism of the phenolic compounds in the nonbioaccessible fraction of the breads was studied with an in vitro model of human colon (TIM-2). The most effective treatment was the combination of enzymes and fermentation that increased the bioaccessibility of FA from 1.1% to 5.5%. The major colonic metabolites were 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-phenylpropionic acid. Bran bioprocessing increases the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds as well as the colonic end metabolite 3-phenylpropionic acid.
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Oresic M, Simell S, Sysi-Aho M, Näntö-Salonen K, Seppänen-Laakso T, Parikka V, Katajamaa M, Hekkala A, Mattila I, Keskinen P, Yetukuri L, Reinikainen A, Lähde J, Suortti T, Hakalax J, Simell T, Hyöty H, Veijola R, Ilonen J, Lahesmaa R, Knip M, Simell O. Dysregulation of lipid and amino acid metabolism precedes islet autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:2975-84. [PMID: 19075291 PMCID: PMC2605239 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20081800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The risk determinants of type 1 diabetes, initiators of autoimmune response, mechanisms regulating progress toward β cell failure, and factors determining time of presentation of clinical diabetes are poorly understood. We investigated changes in the serum metabolome prospectively in children who later progressed to type 1 diabetes. Serum metabolite profiles were compared between sample series drawn from 56 children who progressed to type 1 diabetes and 73 controls who remained nondiabetic and permanently autoantibody negative. Individuals who developed diabetes had reduced serum levels of succinic acid and phosphatidylcholine (PC) at birth, reduced levels of triglycerides and antioxidant ether phospholipids throughout the follow up, and increased levels of proinflammatory lysoPCs several months before seroconversion to autoantibody positivity. The lipid changes were not attributable to HLA-associated genetic risk. The appearance of insulin and glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies was preceded by diminished ketoleucine and elevated glutamic acid. The metabolic profile was partially normalized after the seroconversion. Autoimmunity may thus be a relatively late response to the early metabolic disturbances. Recognition of these preautoimmune alterations may aid in studies of disease pathogenesis and may open a time window for novel type 1 diabetes prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Oresic
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
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Abstract
Role of specific reactive lipids as well as amino acids in control of insulin signalling in adipose tissue is well recognized. Since it is practically impossible to measure the levels of all metabolites in the biological sample simultaneously with a single analytical platform, we utilize multiple platforms to study the lipids and metabolites of relevance to adipose tissue metabolism and insulin signalling. Two screening platforms cover a broad range of lipid molecular species (UPLC/MS based lipidomics platform) as well as organic acids and sterols (GCxGC-TOF platform). A targeted platform for amino acids (UPLC) is also applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismo Mattila
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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41
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Ojala M, Mattila I, Tarkiainen V, Särme T, Ketola RA, Määttänen A, Kostiainen R, Kotiaho T. Purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry, a screening method for analysis of VOCs from soil samples. Anal Chem 2001; 73:3624-31. [PMID: 11510826 DOI: 10.1021/ac001504i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry (PAM-MS) is a combination of dynamic headspace sampling and membrane extraction. A new and simple purge-and-membrane sampler is introduced and its basic testing results for the analysis of VOCs in soil samples are reported. Soil moisture had no effect on desorption times in the case of sand, but the desorption times increased when the content of organic matter in the soil sample (garden soil) increased. The longest desorption times were measured with dry garden soil samples. For both types of samples, minor differences in desorption peak areas were observed between 10 and 20% moisture. Detection limits of the VOCs varied in the range 2-150 microg/kg, depending on the soil type. Good linearity (correlation coefficient > 0.990) was observed in the range 0.5-50 mg/kg. Aging of the spiked soil samples had only a slight effect on desorption peak areas for samples stored at 5 degrees C up to two weeks, but after six months of storing, differences were observed between dry sand and moistened garden soil. In both cases, peak areas were diminished. On average, 46% of compounds could be desorbed from the aged sand and 86% from the aged garden soil. The modified vapor fortification method was used in preparing standard soil samples, which were analyzed by static headspace gas chromatography (HSGC) and PAM-MS. Some authentic soil samples were also analyzed using both of these techniques. Many of the vapor fortification samples and the authentic samples were also analyzed in another laboratory by HSGC. The agreement between the methods and the laboratories was generally good.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ojala
- VTT Chemical Technology, Finland
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Ojala M, Poutanen M, Mattila I, Ketola RA, Kotiaho T, Kostiainen R. Analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceuticals with purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2000; 14:994-998. [PMID: 10844737 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0231(20000615)14:11<994::aid-rcm977>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A method using purge-and-membrane mass spectrometry (PAM-MS) was developed for the analysis of residual solvents in pharmaceutical products. The method combines dynamic headspace and membrane inlet mass spectrometry. The limits of detection for the compounds studied, benzene, toluene, chloroform, 2-pentene and 2-methyl- and 3-methylpentane, were 0.05-0.1 mg/kg. In quantitative analysis the method showed good linearity (r(2) > 0.998) and acceptable within-day (RSD = 7.9-18%) and between-day (RSD = 6.8-10%) repeatability. The PAM-MS method combined with the custom-made Solver program was compared with a method using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (P&T-GC/MS) for identification of residual solvents from authentic samples. The results showed that PAM-MS/Solver provides reliable identification of the main volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the pharmaceuticals, but VOCs with low concentrations (below 0.5 mg/kg) were better identified by P&T-GC/MS. Other advantages of the PAM-MS method were short analysis times and non-requirement for pre-treatment of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ojala
- VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1403, 02044 VTT, Finland
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Ojala M, Mattila I, Särme T, Ketola RA, Kotiaho T. A new purge-and-membrane mass spectrometric (PAM-MS) instrument for analysis of volatile organic compounds in soil samples. Analyst 1999. [DOI: 10.1039/a905106f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kostiainen R, Kotiaho T, Mattila I, Mansikka T, Ojala M, Ketola RA. Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water and Soil Samples by Purge-and-Membrane Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9709209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Risto Kostiainen
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Tapio Kotiaho
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Ismo Mattila
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Timo Mansikka
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Marja Ojala
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Raimo A. Ketola
- Department of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P.O. Box 56, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and VTT Chemical Technology, P.O. Box 1401, FIN-02044 VTT, Finland
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Carrel T, Mattila I, Pfammatter JP, Leijala M. Direct reconstruction of the pulmonary artery during the arterial switch operation: an interesting surgical option with excellent hemodynamic results. Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65:1115-9. [PMID: 9564938 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-4975(98)00121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In transposition of the great arteries, reconstruction of the neo-pulmonary artery is a challenging surgical detail during the arterial switch procedure. We present early and midterm clinical and hemodynamic results of a direct reconstruction of the pulmonary artery avoiding prosthetic and autologous material. METHODS Between 1990 and June 1996, a total of 189 patients underwent the arterial switch procedure because of D-transposition of the great vessels. Of them, 47 underwent direct pulmonary artery reconstruction. Mean age at operation was 5.2+/-4.1 days and mean weight was 3.75+/-0.85 kg. Simple transposition of the great arteries was present in 13, transposition of the great arteries plus ventricular septal defect in 27, and more complex forms of transposition of the great arteries in 7 patients. The great vessels were side-by-side in 4 patients and in the anteroposterior position in 43 patients. The technique of direct pulmonary reconstruction includes extensive mobilization of both pulmonary artery branches into the hilum, posterior incision of the mean pulmonary artery into the bifurcation, and resuspension of the posterior commissure of the neo-pulmonary valve. A large anastomosis without any tension is then performed, using the anterior remnant aortic sinus of Valsalva to fit out the expected size of the neo-pulmonary artery. RESULTS Early mortality was 8.5% (4/47) in this particular group of patients. Postoperative echocardiography was performed before hospital discharge, 3 to 6 months postoperatively, and after a mean follow-up of 24 months. Of the 43 survivors, 37 patients had a pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve of less than 15 mm Hg. Mild pulmonary stenosis (pressure gradient of 15 to 30 mm Hg) was present in 4 and more severe supravalvar stenosis (pressure gradient > 30 mm Hg) in 2 patients. After a mean follow-up of 36 months, there was one redo operation to enlarge the right ventricular outflow tract. CONCLUSIONS Direct reconstruction of the neo-pulmonary artery-avoiding autologous pericardium and prosthetic material-may represent an interesting option during the arterial switch operation when the great vessels lie in the anteroposterior position. This technique is simple, and the hemodynamic midterm results are very favorable. The incidence of postoperative supravalvar pulmonary stenosis is low, and there may be considerable potential for unlimited tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Carrel
- Clinic for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Berne, Switzerland
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Kotiaho T, Pilviö O, Ketola RA, Mattila I, Wickström K, Komppa V, Waldvogel J, Mansikka T, Kostiainen R, Honkanen T. Development of a fully automatic membrane inlet mass spectrometric measurement system for on-line industrial waste water monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1163/156856698750247001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ståhlberg K, Mattila I, Heikkilä L, Sipponen J, Verkkala K, Mattila S. St. Jude versus CarboMedics: follow-up after prosthetic valve replacement. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1997; 38:577-80. [PMID: 9461261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term outcome of patients with two types of mechanical bileaflet heart valves operated on in the same institution by the same group of surgeons. METHODS A comparative analysis was made in 229 consecutive patients receiving either the St. Jude Medical (SJM) or CarboMedics (CMS) bileaflet mechanical valve in 1990-1991. There were no differences in the preoperative demographics between the two groups. At operations simultaneous coronary bypass operation was performed in 40 patients out of 134 (30%) in the SJM group and 95 (44%) in the CMS group (p=0.026). Sixteen patients in the SJM group underwent replacement of the ascending aorta with a composite graft and none in the CMS group. RESULTS There was no difference in hospital mortality between the SJM (6.7%) and CMS (6.3%) groups or in other immediate postoperative complications. The patients were followed up to 32 months. There were more patients in the NYHA class I and II in the CMS group (88%) than in the SJM group (69%), p<0.002. Three were 11 thromboembolic events (0.051% per patient year) in the SJM group and one thromboembolic event (0.008% per patient year) in the CMS group. There were no other differences between the groups in long-term survival, rate of bleeding, infective endocarditis or perivalvular leakage. CONCLUSIONS With the exception of a little more favourable exercise tolerance and fewer thromboembolic events in the CMS group there were no other differences in the outcome of patients with these two types of bileaflet mechanical valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ståhlberg
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Mattila S, Heikkilä L, Sipponen J, Verkkala K, Kyösola K, Mattila T, Järvinen A, Luosto R, Heikkinen L, Ketonen P, Salo J, Nemlander A, Mattila I, Nieminen MS. Heart transplantation in Finland 1985-1995. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1997; 86:113-120. [PMID: 9366983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Since improved immunosuppression in the 1980's, heart transplantation is a well established procedure to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. The first heart transplantation in Finland was performed in 1985. Since then the activity has gradually increased to a level of about 25 annual transplants. The aim of this report is to sum up the clinical experience during the first 11 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS From February 1985 till the end of 1995, 190 heart transplantations were performed in our institution. There were 176 males and 14 females ranging from 15 to 62 (mean 42.2) years of age. End-stage preoperative cardiac disease was dilating cardiomyopathy in 108 cases, coronary artery disease in 65 cases, valvular disease in 12 cases and congenital heart disease in five cases. RESULTS The 30-day hospital mortality was 29 out of 190 (15.2%). The actuarial survival was 77% at one year, 75% at two years and 73% at 10 years. The most common causes of death were rejection (11 cases), graft failure (11 cases), abdominal complications (six cases) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection (four cases). A total of 87 rejection episodes occurred in 53 patients consisting 28 per cent of patients. 44 rejections occurred within three months post transplantation. Significant infections were noted in 198 instances in 97 patients. These were of bacterial origin in 92, viral in 48, fungal in 12 and protozoal in 10 cases, and 36 such infections which responded to antibiotics favourably but in which the microbe remained unidentified. 138 infections (i.e. 80%) occurred within 6 months post transplantation. In viral infections cytomegalovirus (CMV) predominated (29 out of 48). The CMV infection was significantly milder in patients who were seropositive preoperatively than in preoperatively seronegative patients with seropositive donors. CMV infection was associated with increased risk of post-transplant coronary artery disease. Three years after transplantation some restoration of sympathetic nervous response was observed at orthostatic test in heart rate and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that 1) if a patient survives the three immediate postoperative months, his prognosis is good for the forthcoming years, 2) clinically significant rejections occur in less than one third of the patients, 3) cytomegalovirus is the most harmful agent post transplantation and a risk factor for post-transplant coronary artery disease and that 4) some restoration of sympathetic nervous control of the heart occurs within three years after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mattila
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Harjula A, Mattila S, Salmenperä M, Alfthan G, Aalto-Setälä K, Mattila I, Mattila P, Merikallio E, Kyösola K. Effect of addition of magnesium to potassium-containing fluorocarbon cardioplegic preparations. An experimental study. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1987; 28:566-70. [PMID: 3654741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of magnesium on potassium fluorocarbon cardioplegia was studied in 20 rabbits. Isolated hearts with ascending aortas were perfused with oxygenated and cooled (+4 degrees C) fluorocarbon solutions. In 10 experiments, the solution contained 20 mmol/l of potassium, in 10 further experiments, 20 mmol/l of potassium and 15 mmol/l of magnesium. Ultrastructural preservation of the myocardium was studied using transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the cation contents of the myocardium were studied by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (calcium, magnesium) or electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (copper). After 120 minutes of ischaemia, areas of moderate or severe ultrastructural myocardial cell damage were observed in both groups but severe damage was more extensive and commoner in the group with no access to magnesium. Preservation of the capillary endothelium was also worse in that group. There was a highly significant increase in magnesium content, a decrease in calcium content and an increase in the magnesium/calcium ratio following magnesium-potassium fluorocarbon infusion. The copper content remained unchanged. A protective effect of magnesium was observed. The electrolyte content of cardioplegic solutions also alters the electrolyte content of the myocardium. This may be important in reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Harjula
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland
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Mattila S, Mattila I, Viljanen B, Viljanen A. Reappearance of Hering-Breuer reflex after bilateral autotransplantation of the lungs. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987; 21:15-20. [PMID: 3296161 DOI: 10.3109/14017438709116913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In combined heart-lung transplantation the afferent nerve pathways inevitably are transsected. In previous studies with en bloc heart-lung transplantation in dogs, we found altered regulation of breathing-abolition of Hering-Breuer reflex and response to hypercapnia inhalation stimulus consisting of augmented tidal volume with no change in respiratory rate-shortly after the operation. The long-term effects of pulmonary denervation on breathing regulation were now studied in dogs after staged bilateral pulmonary autotransplantation. Mechanical and electrical activities of the respiratory muscles were recorded during spontaneous breathing and after deflation and inflation with varying volumes of air. Five months postoperatively the duration of the respiratory cycle increased 2.5 times on inflation with 600 ml of air and occlusion of the airways, compared with tenfold prolongation in intact control dogs, indicating a partial return of the Hering-Breuer reflex after the autotransplantation. The duration of the EMG bursts in respiratory muscles increased in intact dogs and in those with bilateral lung autotransplants. In impulse frequency the response to stretching was less evident after autotransplantation. The mechanism mediating reappearance of Hering-Breuer reflex warrants further study.
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