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Ben Ayed A, Akrout I, Staita K, Albert Q, Greff S, Simmler C, Ahrendt S, LaButti K, Lipzen A, He G, Savage E, Armengaud J, Kielbasa M, Navarro D, Drula E, Turbé-Doan A, Bertrand E, Lomascolo A, Chaduli D, Faulds CB, Chamkha M, Maalej A, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, Martin F, Zouari-Mechichi H, Sciara G, Mechichi T, Record E. Genome sequencing of Porostereum spadiceum to study the degradation of levofloxacin. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 270:115808. [PMID: 38198896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite various plans to rationalize antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria is increasing due to the accumulation of antibiotic residues in the environment. This study aimed to test the ability of basidiomycete fungal strains to biotransform the antibiotic levofloxacin, a widely-used third-generation broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, and to propose enzyme targets potentially involved in this biotransformation. The biotransformation process was performed using fungal strains. Levofloxacin biotransformation reached 100% after 9 days of culture with Porostereum spadiceum BS34. Using genomics and proteomics analyses coupled with activity tests, we showed that P. spadiceum produces several heme-peroxidases together with H2O2-producing enzymes that could be involved in the antibiotic biotransformation process. Using UV and high-resolution mass spectrometry, we were able to detect five levofloxacin degradation products. Their putative identity based on their MS2 fragmentation patterns led to the conclusion that the piperazine moiety was the main target of oxidative modification of levofloxacin by P. spadiceum, leading to a decrease in antibiotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Ayed
- Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Imen Akrout
- Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Karima Staita
- Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Quentin Albert
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Stéphane Greff
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, IMBE, UMR 7263, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.
| | - Steven Ahrendt
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Kurt LaButti
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Guifen He
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Emily Savage
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - Mélodie Kielbasa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, SPI, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France.
| | - David Navarro
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Elodie Drula
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France; Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; USC AFMB, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Craig B Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Université de Sfax, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, 3063 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Amina Maalej
- Université de Sfax, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Laboratoire des Bioprocédés Environnementaux, 3063 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Kerrie Barry
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Francis Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR1136, Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, 54280 Champenoux, France.
| | - Héla Zouari-Mechichi
- Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Eric Record
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France.
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Malric-Garajova S, Fortuna F, Pion F, Martin E, Thottathil AR, Guillemain A, Doan A, Lomascolo A, Faulds CB, Baumberger S, Foulon L, Chabbert B, de Baynast H, Dubessay P, Audonnet F, Bertrand E, Sciara G, Tapin-Lingua S, Ducrot PH, Michaud P, Aguié-Béghin V, Record E. Modification of a Marine Pine Kraft Lignin Sample by Enzymatic Treatment with a Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Laccase. Molecules 2023; 28:4873. [PMID: 37375426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report work on developing an enzymatic process to improve the functionalities of industrial lignin. A kraft lignin sample prepared from marine pine was treated with the high-redox-potential laccase from the basidiomycete fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus at three different concentrations and pH conditions, and with and without the chemical mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT). Laccase activity was tested in the presence and absence of kraft lignin. The optimum pH of PciLac was initially 4.0 in the presence and absence of lignin, but at incubation times over 6 h, higher activities were found at pH 4.5 in the presence of lignin. Structural changes in lignin were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and solvent-extractable fractions were analyzed using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The FTIR spectral data were analyzed with two successive multivariate series using principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA statistical analysis to identify the best conditions for the largest range of chemical modifications. DSC combined with modulated DSC (MDSC) revealed that the greatest effect on glass transition temperature (Tg) was obtained at 130 U g cm-1 and pH 4.5, with the laccase alone or combined with HBT. HPSEC data suggested that the laccase treatments led to concomitant phenomena of oligomerization and depolymerization, and GC-MS revealed that the reactivity of the extractable phenolic monomers depended on the conditions tested. This study demonstrates that P. cinnabarinus laccase can be used to modify marine pine kraft lignin, and that the set of analytical methods implemented here provides a valuable tool for screening enzymatic treatment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Malric-Garajova
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Florian Fortuna
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Fractionnement des Agro-Ressources et Environnement (FARE), UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Florian Pion
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Elise Martin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal (IP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Audrey Guillemain
- FCBA, InTechFibres Division, Domaine Universitaire CS 90125, Cedex 9, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Annick Doan
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Craig B Faulds
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Laurence Foulon
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Fractionnement des Agro-Ressources et Environnement (FARE), UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Brigitte Chabbert
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Fractionnement des Agro-Ressources et Environnement (FARE), UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Hélène de Baynast
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal (IP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal (IP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Fabrice Audonnet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal (IP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sandra Tapin-Lingua
- FCBA, InTechFibres Division, Domaine Universitaire CS 90125, Cedex 9, 38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Paul-Henri Ducrot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal (IP), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Véronique Aguié-Béghin
- Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, INRAE, Fractionnement des Agro-Ressources et Environnement (FARE), UMR A 614, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille, France
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Ben Ayed A, Akrout I, Albert Q, Greff S, Simmler C, Armengaud J, Kielbasa M, Turbé-Doan A, Chaduli D, Navarro D, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Chamkha M, Maalej A, Zouari-Mechichi H, Sciara G, Mechichi T, Record E. Biotransformation of the Fluoroquinolone, Levofloxacin, by the White-Rot Fungus Coriolopsis gallica. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090965. [PMID: 36135690 PMCID: PMC9506349 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The wastewater from hospitals, pharmaceutical industries and more generally human and animal dejections leads to environmental releases of antibiotics that cause severe problems for all living organisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the capacity of three fungal strains to biotransform the fluoroquinolone levofloxacin. The degradation processes were analyzed in solid and liquid media. Among the three fungal strains tested, Coriolopsis gallica strain CLBE55 (BRFM 3473) showed the highest removal efficiency, with a 15% decrease in antibiogram zone of inhibition for Escherichia coli cultured in solid medium and 25% degradation of the antibiotic in liquid medium based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Proteomic analysis suggested that laccases and dye-decolorizing peroxidases such as extracellular enzymes could be involved in levofloxacin degradation, with a putative major role for laccases. Degradation products were proposed based on mass spectrometry analysis, and annotation suggested that the main product of biotransformation of levofloxacin by Coriolopsis gallica is an N-oxidized derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Ayed
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Genie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingenieurs de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (E.R.)
| | - Imen Akrout
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Genie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingenieurs de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Albert
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
- CIRM-CF, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Universite, UMR1163, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Greff
- IMBE, UMR 7263, CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Universite, Avignon Universite, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Charlotte Simmler
- IMBE, UMR 7263, CNRS, IRD, Aix Marseille Universite, Avignon Universite, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Departement Medicaments et Technologies pour la Sante, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Universite Paris-Saclay, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France
| | - Mélodie Kielbasa
- Departement Medicaments et Technologies pour la Sante, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Universite Paris-Saclay, 30200 Bagnols-sur-Ceze, France
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
- CIRM-CF, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Universite, UMR1163, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - David Navarro
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
- CIRM-CF, INRAE, Aix-Marseille Universite, UMR1163, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratoire des Bioprocedes Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1177, Sfax 3063, Tunisia
| | - Amina Maalej
- Laboratoire des Bioprocedes Environnementaux, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1177, Sfax 3063, Tunisia
| | - Héla Zouari-Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Genie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingenieurs de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Genie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingenieurs de Sfax, Universite de Sfax, BP 1173, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Eric Record
- UMR1163, Biodiversite et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Universite, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (E.R.)
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Ben Ayed A, Hadrich B, Sciara G, Lomascolo A, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Zouari-Mechichi H, Record E, Mechichi T. Optimization of the Decolorization of the Reactive Black 5 by a Laccase-like Active Cell-Free Supernatant from Coriolopsis gallica. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061137. [PMID: 35744655 PMCID: PMC9227205 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The textile industry generates huge volumes of colored wastewater that require multiple treatments to remove persistent toxic and carcinogenic dyes. Here we studied the decolorization of a recalcitrant azo dye, Reactive Black 5, using laccase-like active cell-free supernatant from Coriolopsis gallica. Decolorization was optimized in a 1 mL reaction mixture using the response surface methodology (RSM) to test the influence of five variables, i.e., laccase-like activity, dye concentration, redox mediator (HBT) concentration, pH, and temperature, on dye decolorization. Statistical tests were used to determine regression coefficients and the quality of the models used, as well as significant factors and/or factor interactions. Maximum decolorization was achieved at 120 min (82 ± 0.6%) with the optimized protocol, i.e., laccase-like activity at 0.5 U mL−1, dye at 25 mg L−1, HBT at 4.5 mM, pH at 4.2 and temperature at 55 °C. The model proved significant (ANOVA test with p < 0.001): coefficient of determination (R²) was 89.78%, adjusted coefficient of determination (R²A) was 87.85%, and root mean square error (RMSE) was 10.48%. The reaction conditions yielding maximum decolorization were tested in a larger volume of 500 mL reaction mixture. Under these conditions, the decolorization rate reached 77.6 ± 0.4%, which was in good agreement with the value found on the 1 mL scale. RB5 decolorization was further evaluated using the UV-visible spectra of the treated and untreated dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Ayed
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (T.M.)
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and Microbiology, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Héla Zouari-Mechichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
| | - Eric Record
- UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, 13288 Marseille, France; (G.S.); (A.L.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (E.R.)
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Enzymatic Engineering of Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (A.B.A.); (T.M.)
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5
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Bichot A, Raouche S, Faulds CB, Mechin V, Bernet N, Delgenès JP, García-Bernet D. Effects of successive microwave and enzymatic treatments on the release of p-hydroxycinnamic acids from two types of grass biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Daou M, Bisotto A, Haon M, Oliveira Correia L, Cottyn B, Drula E, Garajová S, Bertrand E, Record E, Navarro D, Raouche S, Baumberger S, Faulds CB. A Putative Lignin Copper Oxidase from Trichoderma reesei. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080643. [PMID: 34436182 PMCID: PMC8400822 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Trichoderma reesei, a fungus widely used for the commercial production of hemicellulases and cellulases, to grow and modify technical soda lignin was investigated. By quantifying fungal genomic DNA, T. reesei showed growth and sporulation in solid and liquid cultures containing lignin alone. The analysis of released soluble lignin and residual insoluble lignin was indicative of enzymatic oxidative conversion of phenolic lignin side chains and the modification of lignin structure by cleaving the β-O-4 linkages. The results also showed that polymerization reactions were taking place. A proteomic analysis conducted to investigate secreted proteins at days 3, 7, and 14 of growth revealed the presence of five auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes in the secretome: AA6, AA9, two AA3 enzymes), and the only copper radical oxidase encoded in the genome of T. reesei. This enzyme was heterologously produced and characterized, and its activity on lignin-derived molecules was investigated. Phylogenetic characterization demonstrated that this enzyme belonged to the AA5_1 family, which includes characterized glyoxal oxidases. However, the enzyme displayed overlapping physicochemical and catalytic properties across the AA5 family. The enzyme was remarkably stable at high pH and oxidized both, alcohols and aldehydes with preference to the alcohol group. It was also active on lignin-derived phenolic molecules as well as simple carbohydrates. HPSEC and LC-MS analyses on the reactions of the produced protein on lignin dimers (SS ββ, SS βO4 and GG β5) uncovered the polymerizing activity of this enzyme, which was accordingly named lignin copper oxidase (TrLOx). Polymers of up 10 units were formed by hydroxy group oxidation and radical formation. The activations of lignin molecules by TrLOx along with the co-secretion of this enzyme with reductases and FAD flavoproteins oxidoreductases during growth on lignin suggest a synergistic mechanism for lignin breakdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Daou
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Lydie Oliveira Correia
- PAPPSO Platform, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France;
| | - Betty Cottyn
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Elodie Drula
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Soňa Garajová
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Eric Record
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - David Navarro
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- CIRM-CF BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Sana Raouche
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
| | - Stéphanie Baumberger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (B.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- BBF, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (E.D.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (E.R.); (D.N.); (S.R.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Ivaldi C, Daou M, Vallon L, Bisotto A, Haon M, Garajova S, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Sciara G, Jacotot A, Marchand C, Hugoni M, Rakotoarivonina H, Rosso MN, Rémond C, Luis P, Record E. Screening New Xylanase Biocatalysts from the Mangrove Soil Diversity. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071484. [PMID: 34361919 PMCID: PMC8306085 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove sediments from New Caledonia were screened for xylanase sequences. One enzyme was selected and characterized both biochemically and for its industrial potential. Using a specific cDNA amplification method coupled with a MiSeq sequencing approach, the diversity of expressed genes encoding GH11 xylanases was investigated beneath Avicenia marina and Rhizophora stylosa trees during the wet and dry seasons and at two different sediment depths. GH11 xylanase diversity varied more according to tree species and season, than with respect to depth. One complete cDNA was selected (OFU29) and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The corresponding enzyme (called Xyn11-29) was biochemically characterized, revealing an optimal activity at 40–50 °C and at a pH of 5.5. Xyn11-29 was stable for 48 h at 35 °C, with a half-life of 1 h at 40 °C and in the pH range of 5.5–6. Xyn11-29 exhibited a high hydrolysis capacity on destarched wheat bran, with 40% and 16% of xylose and arabinose released after 24 h hydrolysis. Its activity on wheat straw was lower, with a release of 2.8% and 6.9% of xylose and arabinose, respectively. As the protein was isolated from mangrove sediments, the effect of sea salt on its activity was studied and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Ivaldi
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (C.I.); (H.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Mariane Daou
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Laurent Vallon
- CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.V.); (M.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Sona Garajova
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Adrien Jacotot
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IMPMC, UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (A.J.); (C.M.)
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, EA 7484, 8 BPR4, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia, France
- CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, Université d’Orléans, 45071 Orléans, France
| | - Cyril Marchand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IMPMC, UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (A.J.); (C.M.)
- ISEA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, EA 7484, 8 BPR4, 98851 Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.V.); (M.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Harivony Rakotoarivonina
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (C.I.); (H.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Marie-Noëlle Rosso
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
| | - Caroline Rémond
- INRAE, FARE, UMR A 614, Chaire AFERE, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, 51097 Reims, France; (C.I.); (H.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Patricia Luis
- CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France; (L.V.); (M.H.); (P.L.)
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (M.D.); (A.B.); (M.H.); (S.G.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.); (M.-N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Ben Ayed A, Saint-Genis G, Vallon L, Linde D, Turbé-Doan A, Haon M, Daou M, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Sciara G, Adamo M, Marmeisse R, Comtet-Marre S, Peyret P, Abrouk D, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Marchand C, Hugoni M, Luis P, Mechichi T, Record E. Exploring the Diversity of Fungal DyPs in Mangrove Soils to Produce and Characterize Novel Biocatalysts. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050321. [PMID: 33919051 PMCID: PMC8143184 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional diversity of the New Caledonian mangrove sediments was examined, observing the distribution of fungal dye-decolorizing peroxidases (DyPs), together with the complete biochemical characterization of the main DyP. Using a functional metabarcoding approach, the diversity of expressed genes encoding fungal DyPs was investigated in surface and deeper sediments, collected beneath either Avicennia marina or Rhizophora stylosa trees, during either the wet or the dry seasons. The highest DyP diversity was observed in surface sediments beneath the R. stylosa area during the wet season, and one particular operational functional unit (OFU1) was detected as the most abundant DyP isoform. This OFU was found in all sediment samples, representing 51–100% of the total DyP-encoding sequences in 70% of the samples. The complete cDNA sequence corresponding to this abundant DyP (OFU 1) was retrieved by gene capture, cloned, and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme, called DyP1, was purified and characterized, leading to the description of its physical–chemical properties, its ability to oxidize diverse phenolic substrates, and its potential to decolorize textile dyes; DyP1 was more active at low pH, though moderately stable over a wide pH range. The enzyme was very stable at temperatures up to 50 °C, retaining 60% activity after 180 min incubation. Its ability to decolorize industrial dyes was also tested on Reactive Blue 19, Acid Black, Disperse Blue 79, and Reactive Black 5. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and sea salt on DyP1 activity was studied and compared to what is reported for previously characterized enzymes from terrestrial and marine-derived fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Ben Ayed
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie, Enzymatique des Lipases, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Geoffroy Saint-Genis
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Laurent Vallon
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Dolores Linde
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.); (F.J.R.-D.)
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Mireille Haon
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Marianne Daou
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
| | - Martino Adamo
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roland Marmeisse
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Sophie Comtet-Marre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.C.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Pierre Peyret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, MEDiS, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (S.C.-M.); (P.P.)
| | - Danis Abrouk
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Dueñas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB), CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.L.); (F.J.R.-D.)
| | - Cyril Marchand
- IMPMC, Institut de Recherche Pour le Développement (IRD), UPMC, CNRS, MNHN, 98851 Noumea, France;
- ISEA, EA, Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC), 3325, BP R4, 98851 Noumea, France
| | - Mylène Hugoni
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Patricia Luis
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Ecologie Microbienne, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (G.S.-G.); (L.V.); (M.A.); (P.L.); (R.M.); (D.A.); (M.H.)
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie, Enzymatique des Lipases, Université de Sfax, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, UMR1163, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, 13288 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (M.H.); (M.D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Ali WB, Ayed AB, Turbé-Doan A, Bertrand E, Mathieu Y, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A, Sciara G, Record E, Mechichi T. Enzyme Properties of a Laccase Obtained from the Transcriptome of the Marine-Derived Fungus Stemphylium lucomagnoense. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218402. [PMID: 33182389 PMCID: PMC7664933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies have examined how marine-derived fungi and their enzymes adapt to salinity and plant biomass degradation. This work concerns the production and characterisation of an oxidative enzyme identified from the transcriptome of marine-derived fungus Stemphylium lucomagnoense. The laccase-encoding gene SlLac2 from S. lucomagnoense was cloned for heterologous expression in Aspergillus niger D15#26 for protein production in the extracellular medium of around 30 mg L−1. The extracellular recombinant enzyme SlLac2 was successfully produced and purified in three steps protocol: ultrafiltration, anion-exchange chromatography, and size exclusion chromatography, with a final recovery yield of 24%. SlLac2 was characterised by physicochemical properties, kinetic parameters, and ability to oxidise diverse phenolic substrates. We also studied its activity in the presence and absence of sea salt. The molecular mass of SlLac2 was about 75 kDa, consistent with that of most ascomycete fungal laccases. With syringaldazine as substrate, SlLac2 showed an optimal activity at pH 6 and retained nearly 100% of its activity when incubated at 50°C for 180 min. SlLac2 exhibited more than 50% of its activity with 5% wt/vol of sea salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Ben Ali
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Amal Ben Ayed
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Yann Mathieu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Eric Record
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRAE, UMR1163 Marseille, France; (A.B.A.); (A.T.-D.); (E.B.); (C.B.F.); (A.L.); (G.S.); (E.R.)
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3029, Tunisia;
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10
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Ben Ali W, Chaduli D, Navarro D, Lechat C, Turbé-Doan A, Bertrand E, Faulds CB, Sciara G, Lesage-Meessen L, Record E, Mechichi T. Screening of five marine-derived fungal strains for their potential to produce oxidases with laccase activities suitable for biotechnological applications. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:27. [PMID: 32398071 PMCID: PMC7218534 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollution is one of the major problems that the world is facing today. Several approaches have been taken, from physical and chemical methods to biotechnological strategies (e.g. the use of oxidoreductases). Oxidative enzymes from microorganisms offer eco-friendly, cost-effective processes amenable to biotechnological applications, such as in industrial dye decolorization. The aim of this study was to screen marine-derived fungal strains isolated from three coastal areas in Tunisia to identify laccase-like activities, and to produce and characterize active cell-free supernatants of interest for dye decolorization. RESULTS Following the screening of 20 fungal strains isolated from the harbors of Sfax and Monastir (Tunisia), five strains were identified that displayed laccase-like activities. Molecular-based taxonomic approaches identified these strains as belonging to the species Trichoderma asperellum, Stemphylium lucomagnoense and Aspergillus nidulans. Among these five isolates, one T. asperellum strain (T. asperellum 1) gave the highest level of secreted oxidative activities, and so was chosen for further studies. Optimization of the growth medium for liquid cultures was first undertaken to improve the level of laccase-like activity in culture supernatants. Finally, the culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse dye families, in the presence or absence of 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. CONCLUSIONS The optimal growth conditions to produce laccase-like active cell-free supernatants from T. asperellum 1 were 1.8 mM CuSO4 as an inducer, 1% NaCl to mimic a seawater environment and 3% sucrose as a carbon source. The culture supernatant of T. asperellum 1 effectively decolorized different synthetic dyes belonging to diverse chemical classes, and the presence of HBT as a mediator improved the decolorization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissal Ben Ali
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie. .,Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.
| | - Delphine Chaduli
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - David Navarro
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France.,INRA, Aix-Marseille Université, UMR1163, CIRM-CF, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Lechat
- Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, F-79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Craig B Faulds
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Lesage-Meessen
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Record
- Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR1163, Marseille, France
| | - Tahar Mechichi
- Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie enzymatique des lipases, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisie
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11
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Oliveira DM, Mota TR, Oliva B, Segato F, Marchiosi R, Ferrarese-Filho O, Faulds CB, Dos Santos WD. Feruloyl esterases: Biocatalysts to overcome biomass recalcitrance and for the production of bioactive compounds. Bioresour Technol 2019; 278:408-423. [PMID: 30704902 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid and its hydroxycinnamate derivatives represent one of the most abundant forms of low molecular weight phenolic compounds in plant biomass. Feruloyl esterases are part of a microorganism's plant cell wall-degrading enzymatic arsenal responsible for cleaving insoluble wall-bound hydroxycinnamates and soluble cytosolic conjugates. Stimulated by industrial requirements, accelerating scientific discoveries and knowledge transfer, continuous improvement efforts have been made to identify, create and repurposed biocatalysts dedicated to plant biomass conversion and biosynthesis of high-added value molecules. Here we review the basic knowledge and recent advances in biotechnological characteristics and the gene content encoding for feruloyl esterases. Information about several enzymes is systematically organized according to their function, biochemical properties, substrate specificity, and biotechnological applications. This review contributes to further structural, functional, and biotechnological R&D both for obtaining hydroxycinnamates from agricultural by-products as well as for lignocellulose biomass treatments aiming for production of bioethanol and other derivatives of industrial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Thatiane R Mota
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Bianca Oliva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Segato
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Craig B Faulds
- Aix-Marseille Université, INRA UMR 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), 13009 Marseille, France
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12
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Daou M, Yassine B, Wikee S, Record E, Duprat F, Bertrand E, Faulds CB. Pycnoporus cinnabarinus glyoxal oxidases display differential catalytic efficiencies on 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its oxidized derivatives. Fungal Biol Biotechnol 2019; 6:4. [PMID: 30984409 PMCID: PMC6442418 DOI: 10.1186/s40694-019-0067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a major residual component of a lignocellulosic bio-refinery process, can be transformed into fundamental building blocks for green chemistry via oxidation. While chemical methods are well established, interest is also being directed into the enzymatic oxidation of HMF into the bio-plastic precursor 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Results We demonstrate that three glyoxal oxidases (PciGLOX) isoenzymes from the Basidiomycete fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus were able to oxidize HMF, with PciGLOX2 and PciGLOX3 being the most efficient. The major reaction product obtained with the three isoenzymes was 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic (HMFCA), a precursor in polyesters and pharmaceuticals production, and very little subsequent conversion of this compound was observed. However, small concentrations of FDCA, a substitute for terephthalic acid in the production of polyesters, were also obtained. The oxidation of HMF was significantly boosted in the presence of catalase for PciGLOX2, leading to 70% HMFCA yield. The highest conversion percentages were observed on 2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde (DFF), a minor product from the reaction of PciGLOX on HMF. To bypass HMFCA accumulation and exploit the efficiency of PciGLOX in oxidizing DFF and 5-formyl-2-furan carboxylic acid (FFCA) towards FDCA production, HMF was oxidized in a cascade reaction with an aryl alcohol oxidase (UmaAAO). After 2 h of reaction, UmaAAO completely oxidized HMF to DFF and further to FFCA, with FDCA only being detected when PciGLOX3 was added to the reaction. The maximum yield of 16% FDCA was obtained 24 h after the addition of PciGLOX3 in the presence of catalase. Conclusions At least two conversion pathways for HMF oxidation can be considered for PciGLOX; however, the highest selectivity was seen towards the production of the valuable polyester precursor HMFCA. The three isoenzymes showed differences in their catalytic efficiencies and substrate specificities when reacted with HMF derivatives. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40694-019-0067-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Daou
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Bassem Yassine
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Saowanee Wikee
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Eric Record
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Duprat
- 2CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, M2P2, Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Bertrand
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Craig B Faulds
- 1INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Aix Marseille Université, 13009 Marseille, France
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13
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Montalvo GEB, Thomaz-Soccol V, Vandenberghe LPS, Carvalho JC, Faulds CB, Bertrand E, Prado MRM, Bonatto SJR, Soccol CR. Arthrospira maxima OF15 biomass cultivation at laboratory and pilot scale from sugarcane vinasse for potential biological new peptides production. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:103-113. [PMID: 30419445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An environmental friendly process was developed to produce Arthrospira maxima's biomass from sugarcane vinasse, which was generated in a bioethanol production chain, at laboratory and pilot scale. Peptides fractions were than obtained from enzymatically hydrolyzed biomass. High microalgae biomass productivities were reached (0.150 g L-1 day-1) coupled with a significant reduction of BOD and COD (89.2 and 81%, respectively). Three peptide fractions were obtained from microalgae biomass through single or sequential enzymatic hydrolysis. Antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and/or anti-collagenase activities of biopetides' fractions were observed. The PHS showed multi-biological activities. The three peptides fractions could be potential candidates for different applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grecia E Barriga Montalvo
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana P S Vandenberghe
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Carvalho
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandro J R Bonatto
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe de Pesquisa, 80250-060 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Soccol
- Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology Department, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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14
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Lesage-Meessen L, Bou M, Ginies C, Chevret D, Navarro D, Drula E, Bonnin E, del Río JC, Odinot E, Bisotto A, Berrin JG, Sigoillot JC, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A. Lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws: an untapped feedstock with great potential for the production of high-added value compounds and fungal enzymes. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:217. [PMID: 30083230 PMCID: PMC6071384 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1218-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (a sterile hybrid of L. angustifolia × L. latifolia) essential oils are among those most commonly used in the world for various industrial purposes, including perfumes, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The solid residues from aromatic plant distillation such as lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are generally considered as wastes, and consequently either left in the fields or burnt. However, lavender- and lavandin-distilled straws are a potentially renewable plant biomass as they are cheap, non-food materials that can be used as raw feedstocks for green chemistry industry. The objective of this work was to assess different pathways of valorization of these straws as bio-based platform chemicals and fungal enzymes of interest in biorefinery. RESULTS Sugar and lignin composition analyses and saccharification potential of the straw fractions revealed that these industrial by-products could be suitable for second-generation bioethanol prospective. The solvent extraction processes, developed specifically for these straws, released terpene derivatives (e.g. τ-cadinol, β-caryophyllene), lactones (e.g. coumarin, herniarin) and phenolic compounds of industrial interest, including rosmarinic acid which contributed to the high antioxidant activity of the straw extracts. Lavender and lavandin straws were also suitable inducers for the secretion of a wide panel of lignocellulose-acting enzymes (cellulases, hemicellulases and oxido-reductases) from the white-rot model fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Interestingly, high amounts of laccase and several lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases were identified in the lavender and lavandin straw secretomes using proteomics. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that the distilled straws of lavender and lavandin are lignocellulosic-rich materials that can be used as raw feedstocks for producing high-added value compounds (antioxidants, aroma) and fungal oxidative enzymes, which represent opportunities to improve the decomposition of recalcitrant lignocellulose into biofuel. Hence, the structure and the physico-chemical properties of these straws clearly open new perspectives for use in biotechnological processes involving especially filamentous fungi. These approaches represent sustainable strategies to foster the development of a local circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Lesage-Meessen
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Bou
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Christian Ginies
- UMR408 SQPOV Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d’Origine Végétale, INRA, Université d’Avignon, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84029 Avignon, France
| | - Didier Chevret
- UMR1319 MICALIS Microbiologie de l’Alimentation au Service de la Santé Humaine, PAPPSO, INRA, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas Cedex, France
| | - David Navarro
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Elodie Drula
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- USC1408 AFMB Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, INRA, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Estelle Bonnin
- UR 1268 BIA Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblage, INRA, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - José C. del Río
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, IRNAS, CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Elise Odinot
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sigoillot
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRA, Aix Marseille Univ, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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15
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Marquez-Escalante JA, Carvajal-Millan E, Yadav MP, Kale M, Rascon-Chu A, Gardea AA, Valenzuela-Soto EM, Lopez-Franco YL, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Faulds CB. Rheology and microstructure of gels based on wheat arabinoxylans enzymatically modified in arabinose to xylose ratio. J Sci Food Agric 2018; 98:914-922. [PMID: 28696544 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arabinoxylans (AX) are polysaccharides consisting of a backbone of xyloses with arabinose substituents ester-linked to ferulic acid (FA). The arabinose to xylose ratio (A/X) in AX may vary from 0.3 to 1.1. AX form covalent gels by cross-linking of FA but physical interactions between AX chains also contribute to the network formation. The present study aimed to investigate the rheological and microstructural characteristics of gels based on AX enzymatically modified in A/X. RESULTS Tailored AX presented A/X ranging from 0.68 to 0.51 and formed covalent gels. Dimers of FA content and elasticity (G') increased from 0.31 to 0.39 g kg-1 AX and from 106 to 164 Pa when the A/X in the polysaccharide decreased from 0.68 to 0.51. Atomic force microscopy images of AX gels showed a sponge-like microstructure at A/X = 0.68, whereas, at lower values, gels presented a more compact microstructure. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of AX gels show an arrangement of different morphology, passing from an imperfect honeycomb (A/X = 0.68) to a flake-like microstructure (A/X = 0.51). CONCLUSION Lower A/X values favor the aggregation of AX chains resulting in an increase in di-FA content, which improves the rheological and microstructural characteristics of the gel formed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhav P Yadav
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Madhuvanti Kale
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Agustín Rascon-Chu
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Alfonso A Gardea
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | | | - Yolanda L Lopez-Franco
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD, AC), Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Craig B Faulds
- INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Marseille, France
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16
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Martínez AT, Ruiz-Dueñas FJ, Camarero S, Serrano A, Linde D, Lund H, Vind J, Tovborg M, Herold-Majumdar OM, Hofrichter M, Liers C, Ullrich R, Scheibner K, Sannia G, Piscitelli A, Pezzella C, Sener ME, Kılıç S, van Berkel WJ, Guallar V, Lucas MF, Zuhse R, Ludwig R, Hollmann F, Fernández-Fueyo E, Record E, Faulds CB, Tortajada M, Winckelmann I, Rasmussen JA, Gelo-Pujic M, Gutiérrez A, del Río JC, Rencoret J, Alcalde M. Oxidoreductases on their way to industrial biotransformations. Biotechnol Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Odinot E, Fine F, Sigoillot JC, Navarro D, Laguna O, Bisotto A, Peyronnet C, Ginies C, Lecomte J, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A. A Two-Step Bioconversion Process for Canolol Production from Rapeseed Meal Combining an Aspergillus niger Feruloyl Esterase and the Fungus Neolentinus lepideus. Microorganisms 2017; 5:microorganisms5040067. [PMID: 29036919 PMCID: PMC5748576 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms5040067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal is a cheap and abundant raw material, particularly rich in phenolic compounds of biotechnological interest. In this study, we developed a two-step bioconversion process of naturally occurring sinapic acid (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamic acid) from rapeseed meal into canolol by combining the complementary potentialities of two filamentous fungi, the micromycete Aspergillus niger and the basidiomycete Neolentinus lepideus. Canolol could display numerous industrial applications because of its high antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic properties. In the first step of the process, the use of the enzyme feruloyl esterase type-A (named AnFaeA) produced with the recombinant strain A. niger BRFM451 made it possible to release free sinapic acid from the raw meal by hydrolysing the conjugated forms of sinapic acid in the meal (mainly sinapine and glucopyranosyl sinapate). An amount of 39 nkat AnFaeA per gram of raw meal, at 55 °C and pH 5, led to the recovery of 6.6 to 7.4 mg of free sinapic acid per gram raw meal, which corresponded to a global hydrolysis yield of 68 to 76% and a 100% hydrolysis of sinapine. Then, the XAD2 adsorbent (a styrene and divinylbenzene copolymer resin), used at pH 4, enabled the efficient recovery of the released sinapic acid, and its concentration after elution with ethanol. In the second step, 3-day-old submerged cultures of the strain N. lepideus BRFM15 were supplied with the recovered sinapic acid as the substrate of bioconversion into canolol by a non-oxidative decarboxylation pathway. Canolol production reached 1.3 g/L with a molar yield of bioconversion of 80% and a productivity of 100 mg/L day. The same XAD2 resin, when used at pH 7, allowed the recovery and purification of canolol from the culture broth of N. lepideus. The two-step process used mild conditions compatible with green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Odinot
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Frédéric Fine
- Terres Inovia, Parc Industriel, 11 Rue Monge, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Sigoillot
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - David Navarro
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
- Centre International de Ressources Microbiennes, Champignons Filamenteux, CIRM-CF, Case 925, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Oscar Laguna
- CIRAD Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR IATE Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, 2, Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Alexandra Bisotto
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Corinne Peyronnet
- Terres Univia, 11 rue Monceau, CS60003, 75378 Paris CEDEX 8, France.
| | - Christian Ginies
- Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique UMR408 SQPOV, Université d'Avignon, 33 rue Louis Pasteur, 84029 Avignon, France.
| | - Jérôme Lecomte
- CIRAD Centre de coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, UMR IATE Montpellier SupAgro-INRA, 2, Place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Craig B Faulds
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Aix Marseille Univ., UMR1163 BBF Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 09, France.
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18
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Abstract
Ferulic acid is one of the major phenolic acids in plants and can be found esterified to plant cell wall components, but also as long-chain n-alkyl and steryl esters. Microbial feruloyl esterases may play a role in the bioavailability of phenolic acids during human and animal digestion. It is therefore of interest if feruloyl esterases are capable of hydrolyzing nonpolar ferulic acid esters. A series of n-alkyl ferulates with increasing lipophilicity were enzymatically synthesized, and the kinetic constants of their hydrolysis by four feruloyl esterases and a lipase as control were determined. A decrease in Km and kcat could be observed with decreased substrate polarity for all of the feruloyl esterases. Only one feruloyl esterase and the control lipase showed hydrolytic activity toward octadecyl ferulate. These results led to the conclusion that lipophilic ferulates are poor substrates for known feruloyl esterases and more specific esterases/lipases need to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Schär
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Sprecher
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens , 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, 15700 Athens, Greece
| | - Craig B Faulds
- Aix Marseille Université , INRA BBF UMR_A 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 13288 Marseille cedex 02, France
- INRA BBF UMR_A1163, Polytech Marseille , 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 02, France
| | - Laura Nyström
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich , Schmelzbergstrasse 9, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Patel I, Kracher D, Ma S, Garajova S, Haon M, Faulds CB, Berrin JG, Ludwig R, Record E. Salt-responsive lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases from the mangrove fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. NCi6. Biotechnol Biofuels 2016; 9:108. [PMID: 27213015 PMCID: PMC4875668 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) belong to the "auxiliary activities (AA)" enzyme class of the CAZy database. They are known to strongly improve the saccharification process and boost soluble sugar yields from lignocellulosic biomass, which is a key step in the efficient production of sustainable economic biofuels. To date, most LPMOs have been characterized from terrestrial fungi, but novel fungal LPMOs isolated from more extreme environments such as an estuary mangrove ecosystem could offer enzymes with unique properties in terms of salt tolerance and higher stability under harsh condition. RESULTS Two LPMOs secreted by the mangrove-associated fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. NCi6 (PsLPMOA and PsLPMOB) were expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris and produced in a bioreactor with >85 mg L(-1) for PsLPMOA and >260 mg L(-1) for PsLPMOB. Structure-guided homology modeling of the PsLPMOs showed a high abundance of negative surface charges, enabling enhanced protein stability and activity in the presence of sea salt. Both PsLPMOs were activated by a cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) from Neurospora crassa, with an apparent optimum of interaction at pH 5.5. Investigation into their regioselective mode of action revealed that PsLPMOA released C1- and C4-oxidized cello-oligosaccharide products, while PsLPMOB released only C4-oxidized products. PsLPMOA was found to cleave polymeric cellulose in the presence of up to 6 % sea salt, which emphasizes the use of sea water in the industrial saccharification process with improved ecological footprints. CONCLUSIONS Two new LPMOs from the mangrove fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. NCi6 were found to be fully reactive against cellulose. The combined hydrolytic activities of these salt-responsive LPMOs could therefore facilitate the saccharification process using sea water as a reaction medium for large-scale biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilabahen Patel
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Daniel Kracher
- />Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Su Ma
- />Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Sona Garajova
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Mireille Haon
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Craig B. Faulds
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Roland Ludwig
- />Department of Food Sciences and Technology, Food Biotechnology Laboratory, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, 1190 Austria
| | - Eric Record
- />INRA, UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Aix-Marseille Université, Polytech Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
- />UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy-Polytech Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, 163 Avenue de Luminy, CP 925, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France
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Lesage-Meessen L, Bou M, Sigoillot JC, Faulds CB, Lomascolo A. Essential oils and distilled straws of lavender and lavandin: a review of current use and potential application in white biotechnology. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3375-85. [PMID: 25761625 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6511-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Lavandula genus, which includes lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and lavandin (L. angustifolia × Lavandula latifolia), is cultivated worldwide for its essential oils, which find applications in perfumes, cosmetics, food processing and, more recently, in aromatherapy products. The chemical composition of lavender and lavandin essential oils, usually produced by steam distillation from the flowering stems, is characterized by the presence of terpenes (e.g. linalool and linalyl acetate) and terpenoids (e.g. 1,8-cineole), which are mainly responsible for their characteristic flavour and their biological and therapeutic properties. Lavender and lavandin distilled straws, the by-products of oil extraction, were traditionally used for soil replenishment or converted to a fuel source. They are mineral- and carbon-rich plant residues and, therefore, a cheap, readily available source of valuable substances of industrial interest, especially aroma and antioxidants (e.g. terpenoids, lactones and phenolic compounds including coumarin, herniarin, α-bisabolol, rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids). Accordingly, recent studies have emphasized the possible uses of lavender and lavandin straws in fermentative or enzymatic processes involving various microorganisms, especially filamentous fungi, for the production of antimicrobials, antioxidants and other bioproducts with pharmaceutical and cosmetic activities, opening up new challenging perspectives in white biotechnology applications.
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Pérez-Boada M, Prieto A, Prinsen P, Forquin-Gomez MP, del Río JC, Gutiérrez A, Martínez ÁT, Faulds CB. Enzymatic degradation of Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) stems: influence of the pith and bark in the total hydrolysis. Bioresour Technol 2014; 167:469-75. [PMID: 25006023 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The internal pith of a high energy plant, Elephant grass (EG), was more extensively degraded (>50% dry matter) compared to the outer cortex (31%) or the whole stem (35%) by an enzyme preparation from Humicola insolens, Ultraflo. Reducing sugars and acetic acid release from the pith was also higher compared to the cortex. Supplementation of Ultraflo with a type-C feruloyl esterase increased the level of deacetylation but also led to reduced solubilisation. The addition of 20% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a co-solvent also reduced the solubility of EG by Ultraflo, although acetic acid release was increased, complimenting previous results found on model substrates. The presence of DMSO was also shown to have a protective effect on xylanase activity but not acetyl esterase activity in Ultraflo. Xylan in the biomass was preferentially solubilised by DMSO, while Ultraflo removed more glucose than xylose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pérez-Boada
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Campus Universidad, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alicia Prieto
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Campus Universidad, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pepijn Prinsen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiológicas de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marie-Pierre Forquin-Gomez
- INRA, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.
| | - José Carlos del Río
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiológicas de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiológicas de Sevilla, CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Ángel T Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Campus Universidad, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Craig B Faulds
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Campus Universidad, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; INRA, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France; Aix-Marseille Université, POLYTECH Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons Filamenteux, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 09, France.
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Elliston A, Collins SRA, Faulds CB, Roberts IN, Waldron KW. Biorefining of waste paper biomass: increasing the concentration of glucose by optimising enzymatic hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3621-34. [PMID: 24557952 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Waste copier paper is a potential substrate for the production of glucose relevant for manufacture of platform chemicals and intermediates, being composed of 51 % glucan. The yield and concentration of glucose arising from the enzymatic saccharification of solid ink-free copier paper as cellulosic substrate was studied using a range of commercial cellulase preparations. The results show that in all cellulase preparations examined, maximum hydrolysis was only achieved with the addition of beta-glucosidase, despite its presence in the enzyme mixtures. With the use of Accellerase® (cellulase), high substrate loading decreased conversion yield. However, this was overcome if the enzyme was added between 12.5 and 20 FPU g substrate(-1). Furthermore, this reaction condition facilitated continual stirring and enabled sequential additions (up to 50 % w/v) of paper to be made to the hydrolysis reaction, degrading nearly all (99 %) of the cellulose fibres and increasing the final concentration of glucose whilst simultaneously making high substrate concentrations achievable. Under optimal conditions (50 °C, pH 5.0, 72 h), digestions facilitate the production of glucose to much improved concentrations of up to 1.33 mol l(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Elliston
- The Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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23
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Prinsen P, Gutiérrez A, Faulds CB, del Río JC. Comprehensive study of valuable lipophilic phytochemicals in wheat bran. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:1664-1673. [PMID: 24450837 DOI: 10.1021/jf404772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat bran, the major side-stream generated in the milling of wheat grains in the production of white flour, contains significant quantities of carbohydrate and proteins. While not interfering with flour utilization, the bran could be considered as an important feedstock within a biorefinery concept. Wheat bran also contains some amounts of lipids that can be used as a source of valuable phytochemicals. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the lipid composition of destarched wheat bran demonstrated that the predominant lipids found in wheat bran were free fatty acids (ca. 40% of total lipids), followed by acylglycerols (40%). Additionally, important amounts of alkylresorcinols (13% of total lipids) and steroid compounds (hydrocarbons, ketones, free sterols, sterol glycosides, sterol esters, and sterol ferulates) (7% of total lipids) were also present among the lipids of wheat bran. The use of wheat bran as a valuable source of phytochemicals of interest in the context of a wheat bran biorefinery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Prinsen
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC , P.O. Box 1052, E- 41080 Seville, Spain
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24
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Várnai A, Costa THF, Faulds CB, Milagres AMF, Siika-aho M, Ferraz A. Effects of enzymatic removal of plant cell wall acylation (acetylation, p-coumaroylation, and feruloylation) on accessibility of cellulose and xylan in natural (non-pretreated) sugar cane fractions. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:153. [PMID: 25328538 PMCID: PMC4201721 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sugar cane internodes can be divided diagonally into four fractions, of which the two innermost ones are the least recalcitrant pith and the moderately accessible pith-rind interface. These fractions differ in enzymatic hydrolyzability due to structural differences. In general, cellulose hydrolysis in plants is hindered by its physical interaction with hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin is believed to be linked covalently to hemicellulose through hydroxycinnamic acids, forming a compact matrix around the polysaccharides. Acetyl xylan esterase and three feruloyl esterases were evaluated for their potential to fragment the lignocellulosic network in sugar cane and to indirectly increase the accessibility of cellulose. RESULTS The hydrolyzability of the pith and pith-rind interface fractions of a low-lignin-containing sugar cane clone (H58) was compared to that of a reference cultivar (RC). Acetyl xylan esterase enhanced the rate and overall yield of cellulose and xylan hydrolysis in all four substrates. Of the three feruloyl esterases tested, only TsFaeC was capable of releasing p-coumaric acid, while AnFaeA and NcFaeD released ferulic acid from both the pith and interface fractions. Ferulic acid release was higher from the less recalcitrant clone (H58)/fraction (pith), whereas more p-coumaric acid was released from the clone (RC)/fraction (interface) with a higher lignin content. In addition, a compositional analysis of the four fractions revealed that p-coumaroyl content correlated with lignin, while feruloyl content correlated with arabinose content, suggesting different esterification patterns of these two hydroxycinnamic acids. Despite the extensive release of phenolic acids, feruloyl esterases only moderately promoted enzyme access to cellulose or xylan. CONCLUSIONS Acetyl xylan esterase TrAXE was more efficient in enhancing the overall saccharification of sugar cane, compared to the feruloyl esterases AnFaeA, TsFaeC, and NcFaeD. The hydroxycinnamic acid composition of sugar cane fractions and the hydrolysis data together suggest that feruloyl groups are more likely to decorate xylan, while p-coumaroyl groups are rather linked to lignin. The three different feruloyl esterases had distinct product profiles on non-pretreated sugar cane substrate, indicating that sugar cane pith could function as a possible natural substrate for feruloyl esterase activity measurements. Hydrolysis data suggest that TsFaeC was able to release p-coumaroyl groups esterifying lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Várnai
- />Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
- />VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, 02044 VTT Finland
- />Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Thales HF Costa
- />Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP Brasil
| | - Craig B Faulds
- />INRA, UMR 1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), POLYTECH, Aix Marseille Université, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 09 France
- />Aix-Marseille Université, INRA, BBF UMR_A 1163, 163 avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, cedex 09 France
| | - Adriane MF Milagres
- />Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP Brasil
| | - Matti Siika-aho
- />VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, Espoo, 02044 VTT Finland
| | - André Ferraz
- />Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810 Lorena, SP Brasil
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Grassby T, Jay AJ, Merali Z, Parker ML, Parr AJ, Faulds CB, Waldron KW. Compositional analysis of Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) cell-wall material from parenchyma, epidermis, and subepidermal tissues. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:9680-9688. [PMID: 24066627 DOI: 10.1021/jf401863n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis (Burman f.) Trin ex Henschel) is a corm consumed globally in Oriental-style cuisine. The corm consists of three main tissues, the epidermis, subepidermis, and parenchyma; the cell walls of which were analyzed for sugar, phenolic, and lignin content. Sugar content, measured by gas chromatography, was higher in the parenchyma cell walls (931 μg/mg) than in the subepidermis (775 μg/mg) or epidermis (685 μg/mg). The alkali-extractable phenolic content, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, was greater in the epidermal (32.4 μg/mg) and subepidermal cell walls (21.7 μg/mg) than in the cell walls of the parenchyma (12.3 μg/mg). The proportion of diferulic acids was higher in the parenchyma. The Klason lignin content of epidermal and subepidermal cell walls was ~15%. Methylation analysis of Chinese water chestnut cell-wall polysaccharides identified xyloglucan as the predominant hemicellulose in the parenchyma for the first time, and also a significant pectin component, similar to other nongraminaceous monocots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Grassby
- Biorefinery Centre, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Niemi P, Aura AM, Maukonen J, Smeds AI, Mattila I, Niemelä K, Tamminen T, Faulds CB, Buchert J, Poutanen K. Interactions of a lignin-rich fraction from brewer's spent grain with gut microbiota in vitro. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:6754-6762. [PMID: 23768078 DOI: 10.1021/jf401738x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is a constituent of plant cell walls and thus is classified as part of dietary fiber. However, little is known about the role of lignin in gastrointestinal fermentation. In this work, a lignin-rich fraction was prepared from brewer's spent grain and subjected to an in vitro colon model to study its potential bioconversions and interactions with fecal microbiota. No suppression of microbial conversion by the fraction was observed in the colon model, as measured as short-chain fatty acid production. Furthermore, no inhibition on the growth was observed when the fraction was incubated with strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. In fact, the lignin-rich fraction enabled bifidobacteria to survive longer than with glucose. Several transiently appearing phenolic compounds, very likely originating from lignin, were observed during the fermentation. This would indicate that the gut microbiota was able to partially degrade lignin and metabolize the released compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- Bio and Process Technology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland , P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT Espoo, Finland
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Niemi P, Martins D, Buchert J, Faulds CB. Pre-hydrolysis with carbohydrases facilitates the release of protein from brewer's spent grain. Bioresour Technol 2013; 136:529-534. [PMID: 23567727 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the most abundant side-stream from brewing. It is food-grade being rich in dietary fibre and protein and thus having potential as their source for both food and non-food applications. Initial treatment of milled BSG with a carbohydrase cocktail from Humicola insolens significantly enhanced the subsequent solubilisation of protein from the residual biomass. When treated with an alkaline protease, 76% of BSG protein was solubilized, whereas the yields were significantly lower with neutral or acidic proteases. In alkaline conditions significant amount of protein (53%) as predominantly low molecular weight protein was solubilized even without any protease addition. The degree of protein solubilisation was influenced by the time of exposure of modified BSG to the alkaline environment. The non-enzymatic protein solubilisation was, however, only observed when BSG had been initially treated with the carbohydrase, suggesting the protein is surrounded by cell wall polysaccharides restricting its initial release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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28
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Salvachúa D, Prieto A, Mattinen ML, Tamminen T, Liitiä T, Lille M, Willför S, Martínez AT, Martínez MJ, Faulds CB. Versatile peroxidase as a valuable tool for generating new biomolecules by homogeneous and heterogeneous cross-linking. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 52:303-11. [PMID: 23608497 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The modification and generation of new biomolecules intended to give higher molecular-mass species for biotechnological purposes, can be achieved by enzymatic cross-linking. The versatile peroxidase (VP) from Pleurotus eryngii is a high redox-potential enzyme with oxidative activity on a wide variety of substrates. In this study, VP was successfully used to catalyze the polymerization of low molecular mass compounds, such as lignans and peptides, as well as larger macromolecules, such as protein and complex polysaccharides. Different analytical, spectroscopic, and rheological techniques were used to determine structural changes and/or variations of the physicochemical properties of the reaction products. The lignans secoisolariciresinol and hydroxymatairesinol were condensed by VP forming up to 8 unit polymers in the presence of organic co-solvents and Mn(2+). Moreover, 11 unit of the peptides YIGSR and VYV were homogeneously cross-linked. The heterogeneous cross-linking of one unit of the peptide YIGSR and several lignan units was also achieved. VP could also induce gelation of feruloylated arabinoxylan and the polymerization of β-casein. These results demonstrate the efficacy of VP to catalyze homo- and hetero-condensation reactions, and reveal its potential exploitation for polymerizing different types of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinia Salvachúa
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
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Forssell P, Kontkanen H, Schols HA, Hinz S, Eijsink VG, Treimo J, Robertson JA, Waldron KW, Faulds CB, Buchert J. Hydrolysis of Brewers' Spent Grain by Carbohydrate Degrading Enzymes. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2008.tb00774.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Niemi P, Tamminen T, Smeds A, Viljanen K, Ohra-aho T, Holopainen-Mantila U, Faulds CB, Poutanen K, Buchert J. Characterization of lipids and lignans in brewer's spent grain and its enzymatically extracted fraction. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:9910-9917. [PMID: 22963516 DOI: 10.1021/jf302684x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG), the major side stream of brewing, consists of the husks and the residual parts of malts after the mashing process. BSG was enzymatically fractionated by a two-step treatment with carbohydrate- and protein-degrading enzymes, which solubilized 66% of BSG. BSG contained 11% lipids, which were mostly triglycerides, but also a notable amount of free fatty acids was present. Lipids were mostly solubilized due to the alkaline pH applied in the protease treatment. The main fatty acids were linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids. Several lignans were identified in BSG, syringaresinol and secoisolariciresinol being the most abundant, many associated with the cell wall matrix and released by the alkaline-protease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- Bio and Process Technology, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
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Niemi P, Faulds CB, Sibakov J, Holopainen U, Poutanen K, Buchert J. Effect of a milling pre-treatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in brewer's spent grain. Bioresour Technol 2012; 116:155-160. [PMID: 22609670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Millions of tonnes of brewer's spent grain (BSG) are annually produced worldwide as a by-product of the brewing industry. BSG has the potential to be a valuable source of food, chemicals and energy if cost-efficient fractionation methods can be developed. A 2-fold improvement in carbohydrate solubilisation could be achieved through the introduction of a milling step prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Course and fine milled fractions were characterized by particle size distribution and light microscopy. Fine milling decreased particle size down to the micron level and this in turn improved the carbohydrate solubility yield by a multi-enzyme mixture from 23% up to 45%. Carbohydrate solubilisation could be further increased through the supplementation of this enzyme preparation with additional cellulases. The physical degradation caused by the milling also liberated soluble carbohydrates without the requirement of any enzymatic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piritta Niemi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo FI-02044 VTT, Finland.
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Robertson JA, Castro-Mariñas L, Collins SRA, Faulds CB, Waldron KW. Enzymatic and chemical treatment limits on the controlled solubilization of brewers' spent grain. J Agric Food Chem 2011; 59:11019-11025. [PMID: 21894957 DOI: 10.1021/jf202814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic hydrolysis of brewers' spent grain (BSG) has been investigated through treatment with commercial carbohydrases and proteases. Resultant residues were then chemically fractionated and delignified. Enzymatic treatments released 25-30% of the BSG mass and yielded precursors suitable for subsequent conversion to potentially value-added products. Controlled chemical fractionation selectively solubilized arabinoxylan but with no differences apparent due to prior enzyme treatment. The loss of non-polysaccharide components during alkali treatment suggests the presence of a high proportion of alkali-soluble lignin. Further delignification of the alkali-insoluble residues and further chemical fractionation released the remaining hemicellulose, to yield a residue which was >90% cellulose. Further knowledge of the properties and interaction between BSG polymers will facilitate an improved enzyme-assisted total deconstruction of BSG and hence the exploitation of its biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Robertson
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Faulds CB, Pérez-Boada M, Martínez AT. Influence of organic co-solvents on the activity and substrate specificity of feruloyl esterases. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:4962-4967. [PMID: 21354789 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic co-solvents can expand the use of enzymes in lignocellulose deconstruction through making substrates more soluble and thus more accessible. In choosing the most adequate co-solvent for feruloyl esterases, hydrolysis of methyl p-hydroxycinnamates by three pure enzymes (and a multi-enzyme preparation) was evaluated. Low concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) enhanced hydrolysis by two of the enzymes while at levels >20%, activity was reduced. DMSO also enhanced acetyl esterase-type activity of the enzymes. The co-solvent effect was different for each enzyme-substrate couple, indicating that other factors are also involved. Kinetic studies with a Talaromyces stipitatus feruloyl esterase showed low concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide enhanced the hydrolytic rate while K(m) also increased. Moreover, long-term incubation (96 h) of an Aspergillus niger feruloyl esterase in dimethylsulfoxide:water provided to the enzyme the ability to hydrolyze methyl p-coumarate, suggesting an active-site re-arrangement. Dimethylsulfoxide (10-30%) is proposed as an adequate co-solvent for feruloyl esterase treatment of water-insoluble substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Faulds
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Rencoret J, Gutiérrez A, Nieto L, Jiménez-Barbero J, Faulds CB, Kim H, Ralph J, Martínez ÁT, del Río JC. Lignin composition and structure in young versus adult Eucalyptus globulus plants. Plant Physiol 2011; 155:667-82. [PMID: 21098672 PMCID: PMC3032458 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.167254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lignin changes during plant growth were investigated in a selected Eucalyptus globulus clone. The lignin composition and structure were studied in situ by a new procedure enabling the acquisition of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) spectra on wood gels formed in the NMR tube as well as by analytical pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In addition, milled-wood lignins were isolated and analyzed by 2D-NMR, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and thioacidolysis. The data indicated that p-hydroxyphenyl and guaiacyl units are deposited at the earlier stages, whereas the woods are enriched in syringyl (S) lignin during late lignification. Wood 2D-NMR showed that β-O-4' and resinol linkages were predominant in the eucalypt lignin, whereas other substructures were present in much lower amounts. Interestingly, open β-1' structures could be detected in the isolated lignins. Phenylcoumarans and cinnamyl end groups were depleted with age, spirodienone abundance increased, and the main substructures (β-O-4' and resinols) were scarcely modified. Thioacidolysis revealed a higher predominance of S units in the ether-linked lignin than in the total lignin and, in agreement with NMR, also indicated that resinols are the most important nonether linkages. Dimer analysis showed that most of the resinol-type structures comprised two S units (syringaresinol), the crossed guaiacyl-S resinol appearing as a minor substructure and pinoresinol being totally absent. Changes in hemicelluloses were also shown by the 2D-NMR spectra of the wood gels without polysaccharide isolation. These include decreases of methyl galacturonosyl, arabinosyl, and galactosyl (anomeric) signals, assigned to pectin and related neutral polysaccharides, and increases of xylosyl (which are approximately 50% acetylated) and 4-O-methylglucuronosyl signals.
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Trombetta D, Cimino F, Cristani M, Mandalari G, Saija A, Ginestra G, Speciale A, Chirafisi J, Bisignano G, Waldron K, Narbad A, Faulds CB. In vitro protective effects of two extracts from bergamot peels on human endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:8430-8436. [PMID: 20578719 DOI: 10.1021/jf1008605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Bergamot ( Citrus bergamia Risso) is a less commercialized Citrus fruit, mainly used for its essential oil extracted from the peel. Bergamot peel (BP) represents about 60% of the processed fruits and is regarded as primary waste. However, it contains good amounts of useful compounds, such as pectins and flavonoids. Many of the bioactivities of Citrus flavonoids appear to impact vascular endothelial cells. Herein, we report the protective effect of two flavonoid-rich extracts from BP (endowed with radical-scavenging properties and lacking genotoxic activity) against alterations in cell modifications induced by the pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), as demonstrated by monitoring intracellular levels of malondialdehyde/4-hydroxynonenal, reduced and oxidized glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity, and the activation status of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). Thus, BP appears to be a potential source of natural antioxidant/anti-inflammatory phytocomplexes to be employed as ingredients of nutraceutical products or functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Trombetta
- Department Farmaco-Biologico, University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Robertson JA, I'Anson KJ, Treimo J, Faulds CB, Brocklehurst TF, Eijsink VG, Waldron KW. Profiling brewers' spent grain for composition and microbial ecology at the site of production. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2010.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Robertson JA, I'Anson KJA, Brocklehurst TF, Faulds CB, Waldron KW. Effect of storage conditions on the microbial ecology and biochemical stability of cell wall components in brewers' spent grain. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:7266-7272. [PMID: 20509607 DOI: 10.1021/jf1001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The composition of brewers' spent grain (BSG) makes it susceptible to microbial attack and chemical deterioration. This can constrain its appeal as an industrial feedstock. The current study has monitored the effects of BSG storage as fresh material (20 degrees C), refrigerated and autoclaved, measured against frozen material in relation to microbial proliferation and modification to plant cell wall polysaccharides and component phenolic acids. At 20 degrees C there was a rapid colonization by microbes and an associated loss of components from BSG. Refrigeration gave a similar but lower level response. When stored frozen, BSG showed no changes in composition but autoclaving resulted in a solubilization of polysaccharides and associated phenolics. Changes were associated with the temperature profile determined during autoclaving and were also partially due to the breakdown of residual starch. Losses of highly branched arabinoxylan (AX) and the related decrease in ferulic acid cross-linking were also found. The results confirm the need for storage stabilization of BSG and demonstrate that the methods selected for stabilization can themselves lead to a substantial modification to BSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Robertson
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, U.K.
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38
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Ginestra G, Parker ML, Bennett RN, Robertson J, Mandalari G, Narbad A, Lo Curto RB, Bisignano G, Faulds CB, Waldron KW. Anatomical, chemical, and biochemical characterization of cladodes from prickly pear [Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.]. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:10323-30. [PMID: 19831414 DOI: 10.1021/jf9022096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia ficus-indica cladodes represent the green stem of the plant and are generally used as animal feed or disposed of in landfills. The present work investigated the anatomical and chemical composition of Opuntia cladodes, which form the basis of their pharmacological effects. Glucose and galacturonic acid were the main sugars of Opuntia cladodes, whereas high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed the presence of mainly kaempherol and isorhamnetin glycosides (glucoside and rhamnoside). The presence of high amounts of calcium oxalate crystals was demonstrated by light microscopy on fresh and lyophilized cladodes. No antimicrobial activity was observed even after enzymatic treatment. O. ficus-indica cladodes may retain material tightly associated with cell-wall components, and this property will have the potential to greatly reduce the bioavailability of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Ginestra
- Pharmaco-Biological Department, University of Messina, Vill. SS. Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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Faulds CB, Collins S, Robertson JA, Treimo J, Eijsink VG, Hinz SW, Schols HA, Buchert J, Waldron KW. Protease-induced solubilisation of carbohydrates from brewers' spent grain. J Cereal Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Treimo J, Westereng B, Horn SJ, Forssell P, Robertson JA, Faulds CB, Waldron KW, Buchert J, Eijsink VGH. Enzymatic solubilization of brewers' spent grain by combined action of carbohydrases and peptidases. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57:3316-3324. [PMID: 19284754 DOI: 10.1021/jf803310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Brewers' spent grain (BSG), a high-volume coproduct from the brewing industry, primarily contains proteins, barley cell wall carbohydrates, and lignin. To create new possibilities for the exploitation of this large biomass stream, the solubilization of BSG by the combined action of carbohydrases (Depol 740 and Econase) and peptidase (Alcalase and Promod 439) was explored. Hydrolysis protocols were optimized with respect to temperature (influencing both microbial contamination and rate of enzymatic hydrolysis), pH, enzyme dose, order of enzyme addition, and processing time. On the basis of this approach, one- and two-step protocols are proposed taking 4-8 h and yielding combined or separate fractions of hydrolyzed oligosaccharides and liberated hydrolyzed protein. Optimized procedures resulted in the solubilization of >80% of the proteinaceous material, up to 39% of the total carbohydrates, and up to 42% of total dry matter in BSG. Of the original xylan present in BSG, 36% could be solubilized. Sequential and simultaneous treatments with the two enzyme types gave similar results. In sequential processes, the order of the carbohydrase and peptidase treatments had only minor effects on the outcome. Depol 740 released more pentoses than Econase and gave slightly higher overall dry matter solubilization yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Treimo
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway.
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41
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Vafiadi C, Topakas E, Nahmias VR, Faulds CB, Christakopoulos P. Feruloyl esterase-catalysed synthesis of glycerol sinapate using ionic liquids mixtures. J Biotechnol 2009; 139:124-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2008] [Revised: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fauré R, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Dumon C, Faulds CB, Fincher GB, Fort S, Fry SC, Halila S, Kabel MA, Pouvreau L, Quemener B, Rivet A, Saulnier L, Schols HA, Driguez H, O'Donohue MJ. A Brief and Informationally Rich Naming System for Oligosaccharide Motifs of Heteroxylans Found in Plant Cell Walls. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch08458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The one-letter code system proposed here is a simple method to accurately describe structurally diverse oligosaccharides derived from heteroxylans. Substitutions or ‘molecular decoration(s)’ of main-chain d-xylosyl moieties are designated by unique letters. Hence, an oligosaccharide is described by a series of single letters, beginning with the non-reducing d-xylosyl unit. Superscripted numbers are used to indicate the linkage position(s) of main-chain substitution(s) and, where necessary, superscripted lowercase letter(s) indicate the nature of non-glycosidic groups (e.g., methyl, acetyl, or phenolic derivative moieties) that can be present on the substituents. Although relatively simple and practical to use, this abbreviated system lends itself to the naming of a large number of different combinations of structural building blocks and substituents. In its present state, this system is, therefore, adequate to name and differentiate all currently known complex oligosaccharides derived from heteroxylans and is sufficiently flexible to accommodate new structures as they become available.
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Faulds CB, Robertson JA, Waldron KW. Effect of pH on the solubilization of brewers' spent grain by microbial carbohydrases and proteases. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:7038-43. [PMID: 18680377 DOI: 10.1021/jf800433c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The potential for enzymatic solubilization of brewers' spent grain by carbohydrases and proteases was examined over a broad pH range (pH 3.2-11.2). Enzymes from Trichoderma (Depol 686) were most efficient at a lower pH, while enzymes from the Humicola preparation (Depol 740) were the best performer over the whole range. Profiling of key glycoside hydrolase, esterase and protease activities across the pH range demonstrated that solubilization of spent grain by the Trichoderma enzymes corresponded to the range of maximum activities. This was not the case with the Humicola enzymes, where maximum solubilization of the substrate occurred at pH 9.1, at which pH the determined activities were low. Protease activity in Depol 740 was associated with a high solubilization, but inhibition of proteolytic activity resulted in only a 5% decrease in spent grain solubilization. These results suggest that while enzymes can be used to exploit agro-industrials byproduct, the use of high pH increases the extent of hydrolysis and an unidentified factor produced by Humicola improves the enzyme-catalyzed solubilization of lignocellulosic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig B Faulds
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
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Mandalari G, Bisignano G, Lo Curto RB, Waldron KW, Faulds CB. Production of feruloyl esterases and xylanases by Talaromyces stipitatus and Humicola grisea var. thermoidea on industrial food processing by-products. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:5130-5133. [PMID: 17951057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/10/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Feruloyl esterase (FAE) and xylanase activities were detected in culture supernatants from Humicola grisea var. thermoidea and Talaromyces stipitatus grown on brewers' spent grain (BSG) and wheat bran (WB), two agro-industrial by-products. Maximum activities were detected from cultures of H. grisea grown at 150 rpm, with 16.9 U/ml and 9.1 U/ml of xylanase activity on BSG and WB, respectively. Maximum FAE activity was 0.47 U/ml and 0.33 U/ml on BSG and WB, respectively. Analysis of residual cell wall material after microbial growth shows the preferential solubilisation of arabinoxylan and cellulose, two main polysaccharides present in BSG and WB. The production of low-cost cell-wall-deconstructing enzymes on agro-industrial by-products could lead to the production of low-cost enzymes for use in the valorisation of food processing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mandalari
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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45
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Robertson JA, Faulds CB, Smith AC, Waldron KW. Peroxidase-mediated oxidative cross-linking and its potential to modify mechanical properties in water-soluble polysaccharide extracts and cereal grain residues. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56:1720-1726. [PMID: 18251503 DOI: 10.1021/jf072445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of wheat bran and spent grain shows that concentrations of ferulate and diferulates offer considerable scope to modify the cross-linking of feruloylated polysaccharides and hence the mechanical properties of these residues. In solution ferulic acid (FA) can be readily polymerized by horseradish peroxidase, but when esterified to a polysaccharide, the profile of diferulates becomes restricted. This situation also exists in muro and suggests structural constraints may limit the availability of FA for cross-linking. At relatively low polysaccharide concentration, (approximately 3%), steric restrictions were apparent in gels prepared using isolated polysaccharides. Mechanical properties such as swelling also appear to be fixed at these relatively low polysaccharide concentrations. This limits the potential to modify mechanical properties in muro through oxidoreductase activity. To modify mechanical properties such treatments will need to focus on increasing the "flexibility" of the cell wall matrix and the accessibility of enzymes to the cell wall matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Robertson
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom.
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46
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Vafiadi C, Topakas E, Alissandratos A, Faulds CB, Christakopoulos P. Enzymatic synthesis of butyl hydroxycinnamates and their inhibitory effects on LDL-oxidation. J Biotechnol 2007; 133:497-504. [PMID: 18155313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2007] [Revised: 10/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential of the Aspergillus niger type A feruloyl esterase (AnFaeA) for the synthesis of various phenolic acid esters was examined using a ternary-organic reaction system consisting of a mixture of n-hexane, 1- or 2-butanol and water. Reaction parameters including the type of methyl hydroxycinnamate, the composition of the reaction media, the temperature, and the substrate concentration were investigated to evaluate their effect on initial rate and conversion to butyl esters of sinapic acids. Optimisation of the reaction parameters lead to 78% and 9% yield for the synthesis of 1-butyl and 2-butyl sinapate, respectively. For the first time, a feruloyl esterase was introduced in the reaction system as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), after optimisation of the immobilisation procedure, allowing the recycling and reuse of the biocatalyst. The inhibition of copper-induced LDL oxidation by hydroxycinnamic acids and their corresponding butyl esters was investigated in vitro. Kinetic analysis of the antioxidation process demonstrates that sinapate derivatives are effective antioxidants indicating that esterification increases the free acid's antioxidant activity especially on dimethoxylated compounds such as sinapic acid compared to methoxy-hydroxy-compounds such as ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Vafiadi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou Campus, 15700 Athens, Greece
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47
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Ferreira P, Diez N, Faulds CB, Soliveri J, Copa-Patiño JL. Release of ferulic acid and feruloylated oligosaccharides from sugar beet pulp by Streptomyces tendae. Bioresour Technol 2007; 98:1522-8. [PMID: 16920354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 06/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Given several promising industrial applications of ferulic acid, this study was designed to identify actinomycete strains able to release high levels of this acid from sugar beet pulp (SBP). Out of 47 strains tested, 37% were found to release free ferulic acid from the growth substrate. One strain, identified as Streptomyces tendae by 16S RNA gene sequencing, was capable of releasing 80% of the ferulic acid ester-linked to the pectin in SBP after 5 days of growth. These data suggest that some actinomycetes are able to release ferulic acid and feruloylated oligosaccharides from SBP. During growth on SBP, it seems that Streptomyces species solubilize and release feruloylated oligosaccharides by specific carbohydrase activities before de-esterification and release of free ferulic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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48
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Puchart V, Vrsanská M, Mastihubová M, Topakas E, Vafiadi C, Faulds CB, Tenkanen M, Christakopoulos P, Biely P. Substrate and positional specificity of feruloyl esterases for monoferuloylated and monoacetylated 4-nitrophenyl glycosides. J Biotechnol 2007; 127:235-43. [PMID: 16901567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2006] [Revised: 06/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
4-Nitrophenyl glycosides of 2-, 3-, and 5-O-(E)-feruloyl- and 2- and 5-O-acetyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranosides and of 2-, 3-, and 4-O-(E)-feruloyl- and 2-, 3- and 4-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranosides, compounds mimicking natural substrates, were used to investigate substrate and positional specificity of type-A, -B, and -C feruloyl esterases. All the feruloyl esterases behave as true feruloyl esterases showing negligible activity on sugar acetates. Type-A enzymes, represented by AnFaeA from Aspergillus niger and FoFaeII from Fusarium oxysporum, are specialized for deferuloylation of primary hydroxyl groups, with a very strong preference for hydrolyzing 5-O-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside. On the contrary, type-B and -C feruloyl esterases, represented by FoFaeI from F. oxysporum and TsFaeC from Talaromyces stipitatus, acted on almost all ferulates with exception of 4- and 3-O-feruloyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside. 5-O-Feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside was the best substrate for both TsFaeC and FoFaeI, although catalytic efficiency of the latter enzyme toward 2-O-feruloyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside was comparable. In comparison with acetates, the corresponding ferulates served as poor substrates for the carbohydrate esterase family 1 feruloyl esterase from Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme hydrolyzed all alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and beta-D-xylopyranoside acetates. It behaved as a non-specific acetyl esterase rather than a feruloyl esterase, with a preference for 2-O-acetyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Puchart
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK-845 38 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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Mandalari G, Bennett RN, Kirby AR, Lo Curto RB, Bisignano G, Waldron KW, Faulds CB. Enzymatic hydrolysis of flavonoids and pectic oligosaccharides from bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso) peel. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:8307-13. [PMID: 17032044 DOI: 10.1021/jf0615799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzymes (Pectinase 62L, Pectinase 690L, and Cellulase CO13P) were used to evaluate the solubilization of carbohydrates and low molecular weight flavonoids from bergamot peel, a major byproduct of the essential oil industry. The enzymes were characterized for main-chain and side-chain polysaccharide hydrolyzing activities and also against pure samples of various flavonoids previously identified in bergamot peel to determine various glycosidase activities. The addition of Pectinase 62L or 690L alone, or the combination of Pectinase 62L and Cellulase CO13P, was capable of solubilizing between 70 and 80% of the bergamot peel, and up to 90% of the flavonoid glycosides present were cleaved to their aglycones. Cellulase CO13P alone solubilized 62% of the peel but had no deglycosylating effect on the flavonoid glycosides. Over a 24-h time course, a rapid release of cell wall carbohydrates was observed after treatment with Pectinase 62L, with a concurrent gradual hydrolysis of the flavonoid glycosides. Size-exclusion chromatography of the solubilized extract showed that after 24-h incubation, the majority of the solubilized carbohydrates were present as monosaccharides with a smaller proportion of oligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
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Mandalari G, Nueno Palop C, Tuohy K, Gibson GR, Bennett RN, Waldron KW, Bisignano G, Narbad A, Faulds CB. In vitro evaluation of the prebiotic activity of a pectic oligosaccharide-rich extract enzymatically derived from bergamot peel. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 73:1173-9. [PMID: 17021882 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 07/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The prebiotic effect of a pectic oligosaccharide-rich extract enzymatically derived from bergamot peel was studied using pure and mixed cultures of human faecal bacteria. This was compared to the prebiotic effect of fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). Individual species of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli responded positively to the addition of the bergamot extract, which contained oligosaccharides in the range of three to seven. Fermentation studies were also carried out in controlled pH batch mixed human faecal cultures and changes in gut bacterial groups were monitored over 24 h by fluorescent in situ hybridisation, a culture-independent microbial assessment. Addition of the bergamot oligosaccharides (BOS) resulted in a high increase in the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli, whereas the clostridial population decreased. A prebiotic index (PI) was calculated for both FOS and BOS after 10 and 24 h incubation. Generally, higher PI scores were obtained after 10 h incubation, with BOS showing a greater value (6.90) than FOS (6.12).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mandalari
- Sustainability of the Food Chain Exploitation Platform, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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