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Lu S, Duplat D, Benitez-Bolivar P, León C, Villota SD, Veloz-Villavicencio E, Arévalo V, Jaenes K, Guo Y, Cicek S, Robinson L, Peidis P, Pearson JD, Woodgett J, Mazzulli T, Ponce P, Restrepo S, González JM, Bernal A, Guevara-Suarez M, Pardee K, Cevallos VE, González C, Bremner R. Multicenter international assessment of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP test for point of care clinical application. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268340. [PMID: 35544541 PMCID: PMC9094544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued waves, new variants, and limited vaccine deployment mean that SARS-CoV-2 tests remain vital to constrain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Affordable, point-of-care (PoC) tests allow rapid screening in non-medical settings. Reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is an appealing approach. A crucial step is to optimize testing in low/medium resource settings. Here, we optimized RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 and human β-actin, and tested clinical samples in multiple countries. "TTTT" linker primers did not improve performance, and while guanidine hydrochloride, betaine and/or Igepal-CA-630 enhanced detection of synthetic RNA, only the latter two improved direct assays on nasopharygeal samples. With extracted clinical RNA, a 20 min RT-LAMP assay was essentially as sensitive as RT-PCR. With raw Canadian nasopharygeal samples, sensitivity was 100% (95% CI: 67.6% - 100%) for those with RT-qPCR Ct values ≤ 25, and 80% (95% CI: 58.4% - 91.9%) for those with 25 < Ct ≤ 27.2. Highly infectious, high titer cases were also detected in Colombian and Ecuadorian labs. We further demonstrate the utility of replacing thermocyclers with a portable PoC device (FluoroPLUM). These combined PoC molecular and hardware tools may help to limit community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suying Lu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Duplat
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Benitez-Bolivar
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Cielo León
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stephany D. Villota
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Eliana Veloz-Villavicencio
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Valentina Arévalo
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Katariina Jaenes
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yuxiu Guo
- LSK Technologies Inc., Kitchener, Canada
| | | | | | - Philippos Peidis
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joel D. Pearson
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health System/University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patricio Ponce
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvia Restrepo
- Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - John M. González
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Bernal
- Laboratory of Molecular Interactions of Agricultural Microbes (LIMMA), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Applied genomics research group, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Creación, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Keith Pardee
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- LSK Technologies Inc., Kitchener, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Varsovia E. Cevallos
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Vectoriales (CIREV), Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Camila González
- Centro de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Tropical (CIMPAT), Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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2
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Pearson JD, Trcka D, Lu S, Hyduk SJ, Jen M, Aynaud MM, Hernández JJ, Peidis P, Barrios-Rodiles M, Chan K, Woodgett J, Mazzulli T, Attisano L, Pelletier L, Cybulsky MI, Wrana JL, Bremner R. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 indirect and direct RT-qPCR detection methods. Virol J 2021; 18:99. [PMID: 34001180 PMCID: PMC8127261 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensitive, rapid, and accessible diagnostics continue to be critical to track the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. RT-qPCR is the gold standard test, and comparison of methodologies and reagents, utilizing patient samples, is important to establish reliable diagnostic pipelines. METHODS Here, we assessed indirect methods that require RNA extraction with direct RT-qPCR on patient samples. Four different RNA extraction kits (Qiagen, Invitrogen, BGI and Norgen Biotek) were compared. For detection, we assessed two recently developed Taqman-based modules (BGI and Norgen Biotek), a SYBR green-based approach (NEB Luna Universal One-Step Kit) with published and newly-developed primers, and clinical results (Seegene STARMag RNA extraction system and Allplex 2019-nCoV RT-qPCR assay). We also tested and optimized direct, extraction-free detection using these RT-qPCR systems and performed a cost analysis of the different methods evaluated here. RESULTS Most RNA isolation procedures performed similarly, and while all RT-qPCR modules effectively detected purified viral RNA, the BGI system provided overall superior performance (lower detection limit, lower Ct values and higher sensitivity), generating comparable results to original clinical diagnostic data, and identifying samples ranging from 65 copies to 2.1 × 105 copies of viral genome/μl. However, the BGI detection system is more expensive than other options tested here. With direct RT-qPCR, simply adding an RNase inhibitor greatly improved detection, without the need for any other treatments (e.g. lysis buffers or boiling). The best direct methods detected ~ 10 fold less virus than indirect methods, but this simplified approach reduced sample handling, as well as assay time and cost. CONCLUSIONS With extracted RNA, the BGI RT-qPCR detection system exhibited superior performance over the Norgen system, matching initial clinical diagnosis with the Seegene Allplex assay. The BGI system was also suitable for direct, extraction-free analysis, providing 78.4% sensitivity. The Norgen system, however, still accurately detected samples with a clinical Ct < 33 from extracted RNA, provided significant cost savings, and was superior to SYBR green assays that exhibited reduced specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Pearson
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Daniel Trcka
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Suying Lu
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark Jen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Network Collaborative Biology Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marie-Ming Aynaud
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Javier Hernández
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philippos Peidis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Miriam Barrios-Rodiles
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Network Collaborative Biology Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kin Chan
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health System/University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liliana Attisano
- Department of Biochemistry, Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Laurence Pelletier
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Wrana
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada
- Network Collaborative Biology Centre, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rod Bremner
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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3
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Wei C, Stock L, Valanejad L, Zalewski ZA, Karns R, Puymirat J, Nelson D, Witte D, Woodgett J, Timchenko NA, Timchenko L. Correction of GSK3β at young age prevents muscle pathology in mice with myotonic dystrophy type 1. FASEB J 2018; 32:2073-2085. [PMID: 29203592 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700700r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by expanded CUG repeats, which misregulate RNA metabolism through several RNA-binding proteins, including CUG-binding protein/CUGBP1 elav-like factor 1 (CUGBP1/CELF1) and muscleblind 1 protein. Mutant CUG repeats elevate CUGBP1 and alter CUGBP1 activity via a glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-cyclin D3-cyclin D-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) signaling pathway. Inhibition of GSK3β corrects abnormal activity of CUGBP1 in DM1 mice [human skeletal actin mRNA, containing long repeats ( HSALR) model]. Here, we show that the inhibition of GSK3β in young HSALR mice prevents development of DM1 muscle pathology. Skeletal muscle in 1-yr-old HSALR mice, treated at 1.5 mo for 6 wk with the inhibitors of GSK3, exhibits high fiber density, corrected atrophy, normal fiber size, with reduced central nuclei and normalized grip strength. Because CUG-GSK3β-cyclin D3-CDK4 converts the active form of CUGBP1 into a form of translational repressor, we examined the contribution of CUGBP1 in myogenesis using Celf1 knockout mice. We found that a loss of CUGBP1 disrupts myogenesis, affecting genes that regulate differentiation and the extracellular matrix. Proteins of those pathways are also misregulated in young HSALR mice and in muscle biopsies of patients with congenital DM1. These findings suggest that the correction of GSK3β-CUGBP1 pathway in young HSALR mice might have a positive effect on the myogenesis over time.-Wei, C., Stock, L., Valanejad, L., Zalewski, Z. A., Karns, R., Puymirat, J., Nelson, D., Witte, D., Woodgett, J., Timchenko, N. A., Timchenko, L. Correction of GSK3β at young age prevents muscle pathology in mice with myotonic dystrophy type 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wei
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lauren Stock
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Leila Valanejad
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Zachary A Zalewski
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebekah Karns
- Department of Bioinformatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jack Puymirat
- Centre Hospitalier-Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Quebéc, Canada
| | - David Nelson
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David Witte
- Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and
| | - Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikolai A Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Lubov Timchenko
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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4
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Woodgett J, Loughlin DT. Enabling the Next 25 Years of Cell Biology. Trends Cell Biol 2016; 26:789-791. [PMID: 27693132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, University of Toronto, ONT M5G 1X5, Canada
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5
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Hurcombe JA, Lay AC, Welsh GI, Mathieson PW, Patel S, Woodgett J, Quaggin SE, Coward RJ. FO033PODOCYTE SPECIFIC GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 IS CRITICAL FOR KIDNEY FUCTION IN DEVELOPMENT AND MATURITY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv142.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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6
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Woodgett J. How to Become a Control FreakReview and commentary on
Signal Transduction: Principles, Pathways, and Processes
, edited by Lewis C. Cantley, Tony Hunter, Richard Sever,and Jeremy Thorner. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2014. 452 pp. ISBN: 978-0-879699-01-7. Sci Signal 2014. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A new textbook offers up-to-date, comprehensive, but unfinished, wiring diagrams for budding cellular electricians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada
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Abstract
Rapid and lucid communication of science has never been more important. Coincidentally, powerful social media platforms allow scientists to engage with each other and with the public. Effective use of these tools can help both accelerate science and improve its appreciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada.
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8
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Woodgett J. Impact: Akin to quantifying dreams. Nature 2013; 503:198. [DOI: 10.1038/503198a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Radulescu S, Ridgway RA, Cordero J, Athineos D, Salgueiro P, Poulsom R, Neumann J, Jung A, Patel S, Woodgett J, Barker N, Pritchard DM, Oien K, Sansom OJ. Acute WNT signalling activation perturbs differentiation within the adult stomach and rapidly leads to tumour formation. Oncogene 2013; 32:2048-57. [PMID: 22665058 PMCID: PMC3631308 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A role for WNT signalling in gastric carcinogenesis has been suggested due to two major observations. First, patients with germline mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) are susceptible to stomach polyps and second, in gastric cancer, WNT activation confers a poor prognosis. However, the functional significance of deregulated WNT signalling in gastric homoeostasis and cancer is still unclear. In this study we have addressed this by investigating the immediate effects of WNT signalling activation within the stomach epithelium. We have specifically activated the WNT signalling pathway within the mouse adult gastric epithelium via deletion of either glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) or APC or via expression of a constitutively active β-catenin protein. WNT pathway deregulation dramatically affects stomach homoeostasis at very short latencies. In the corpus, there is rapid loss of parietal cells with fundic gland polyp (FGP) formation and adenomatous change, which are similar to those observed in familial adenomatous polyposis. In the antrum, adenomas occur from 4 days post-WNT activation. Taken together, these data show a pivotal role for WNT signalling in gastric homoeostasis, FGP formation and adenomagenesis. Loss of the parietal cell population and corresponding FGP formation, an early event in gastric carcinogenesis, as well as antral adenoma formation are immediate effects of nuclear β-catenin translocation and WNT target gene expression. Furthermore, our inducible murine model will permit a better understanding of the molecular changes required to drive tumourigenesis in the stomach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Radulescu
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - R A Ridgway
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Cordero
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Athineos
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - P Salgueiro
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - R Poulsom
- Histopathology Lab, CR-UK London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - J Neumann
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - A Jung
- Pathologisches Institut, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, München, Germany
| | - S Patel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - N Barker
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Singapore
| | - D M Pritchard
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - K Oien
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - O J Sansom
- CR-UK Beatson Institute of Cancer Research, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute in Toronto, Canada.
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11
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Dembowy J, Woodgett J. Abstract LB-93: The role of GSK-3 in mammary gland development and oncogenesis. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3, comprised of two isoforms: α and β, is a central regulator of several signaling pathways that play key roles in development and cancer. Chemical inhibition or genetic loss of GSK-3 in a normal mouse breast cell line cultured under conditions resembling the physiological breast environment resulted in morphological defects reminiscent of early stages of disease. A similar phenotype was also observed upon expression of an activated allele of β-catenin, a major GSK-3 target protein often mutated and elevated in human cancers. These findings implicate GSK-3 as a key regulator of normal ductal development, which may be disrupted early in cancer progression. Upon genetic deletion of GSK-3 (double knock-out of all four alleles, DKO) from breast tissues of mice, dams are unable to nurse their pups. These animals develop severe mammary intraepithelial neoplasia and squamous metaplasia frequently at first pregnancy. Following 4–6 months of continuous breeding, breast adenocarcinomas are observed with elevated levels of ß-catenin and Gli, along with increased expression of a putative mammary progenitor cell marker. Increased cell growth as well as expression of smooth muscle actin, a myoepithelial marker, are also features of these tumors. Similar developmental and functional defects are also observed in mice with breast glands lacking GSK-3 as well as ß-catenin (triple knock-out, TKO). The epithelium of TKO mammary glands undergoes various degrees of squamous differentiation and keratinization, although at a lower penetrance than the DKOs. Multiparious TKOs develop tumors, albeit with a longer latency (7–9 months). Preliminary flow cytometry analysis of mammary glands from DKO and TKO animals show the ratio of luminal to basal cell populations is increased in absence of GSK-3. We are currently investigating how GSK-3 may regulate mammary stem/progenitor cell commitment to these mammary cell lineages.
Previously reported expression of stabilized ß-catenin in the mammary epithelium induces squamous metaplasia, but no adenocarcinomas were observed at 6 months. In our hands, these animals do develop small tumors at ∼10 months of age. These data suggest the observed DKO and TKO phenotypes are not solely mediated via aberrant ß-catenin signaling and that GSK-3 has ß-catenin-independent functions in mammary gland disease. Other pathways regulated by GSK-3 including Notch, Hedgehog and PI3K are being interrogated in DKO and TKO tumor-initiating cells to gain a molecular understanding of tumor development.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-93. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-93
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dembowy
- 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Woodgett
- 1Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Liu Y, Tanabe K, Baronnier D, Patel S, Woodgett J, Cras-Méneur C, Permutt MA. Conditional ablation of Gsk-3β in islet beta cells results in expanded mass and resistance to fat feeding-induced diabetes in mice. Diabetologia 2010; 53:2600-10. [PMID: 20821187 PMCID: PMC2991091 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-010-1882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) is an enzyme that is suppressed by insulin and when elevated results in insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and diabetes. Its role in beta cell development and function is little known. Because of the enzyme's anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties, the hypothesis to be tested here was that beta cell specific deficiency of GSK-3β in mice would result in enhanced beta cell mass and function. METHODS Mice with beta cell deficiency of GSK-3β (β-Gsk-3β [also known as Gsk3b](-/-)) were generated by breeding Gsk-3β (flox/flox) mice with mice overexpressing the Cre recombinase gene under the control of the rat insulin 2 gene promoter (RIP-Cre mice), and glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, islet mass, proliferation and apoptosis were measured. Changes in islet proteins were investigated by western blotting. RESULTS On a normal diet β-Gsk-3β ( -/- ) mice were found to have mild improvement of glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion, and increased beta cell mass accompanied by increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. On a high-fat diet β-Gsk-3β (-/-) mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance and expanded beta cell mass with increased proliferation relative to that in control mice, resisting fat-fed diabetes. Molecular mechanisms accounting for these phenotypic changes included increased levels of islet IRS1 and IRS2 proteins and phospho-Akt, suggesting enhanced signalling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway, and increased islet levels of pancreas/duodenum homeobox protein 1 (PDX1). Inhibition of GSK3 in MIN6 cells in vitro led to increased IRS1 and IRS2 protein levels through inhibition of proteosomal degradation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results are consistent with a mechanism whereby endogenous GSK-3β activity controls islet beta cell growth by feedback inhibition of the insulin receptor/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8127, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - K. Tanabe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8127, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Bio-Signal Analysis, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
| | - D. Baronnier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8127, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S. Patel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J. Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C. Cras-Méneur
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - M. A. Permutt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8127, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
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13
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Rao R, Patel S, Woodgett J, Matthew B, Raymond H. Renal Collecting Duct GSK3ß Deletion Affects Response To AVP By Reducing Adenylate Cyclase Activity. FASEB J 2009. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.23.1_supplement.1001.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rao
- Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN
| | - Satish Patel
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research InstituteTotontoONCanada
| | - Jim Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research InstituteTotontoONCanada
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14
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Zeng X, Huang H, Tamai K, Zhang X, Harada Y, Yokota C, Almeida K, Wang J, Doble B, Woodgett J, Wynshaw-Boris A, Hsieh JC, He X. Initiation of Wnt signaling: control of Wnt coreceptor Lrp6 phosphorylation/activation via frizzled, dishevelled and axin functions. Development 2007; 135:367-75. [PMID: 18077588 DOI: 10.1242/dev.013540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has central roles in development and diseases, and is initiated by the action of the frizzled (Fz) receptor, its coreceptor LDL receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6), and the cytoplasmic dishevelled (Dvl) protein. The functional relationships among Fz, Lrp6 and Dvl have long been enigmatic. We demonstrated previously that Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation via glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3) initiates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Here we show that both Fz and Dvl functions are critical for Wnt-induced Lrp6 phosphorylation through Fz-Lrp6 interaction. We also show that axin, a key scaffolding protein in the Wnt pathway, is required for Lrp6 phosphorylation via its ability to recruit Gsk3, and inhibition of Gsk3 at the plasma membrane blocks Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Our results suggest a model that upon Wnt-induced Fz-Lrp6 complex formation, Fz recruitment of Dvl in turn recruits the axin-Gsk3 complex, thereby promoting Lrp6 phosphorylation to initiate beta-catenin signaling. We discuss the dual roles of the axin-Gsk3 complex and signal amplification by Lrp6-axin interaction during Wnt/beta-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- The F. M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wei Q, Yokota C, Semenov MV, Doble B, Woodgett J, He X. R-spondin1 is a high affinity ligand for LRP6 and induces LRP6 phosphorylation and beta-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:15903-11. [PMID: 17400545 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m701927200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
R-spondin proteins are newly identified secreted molecules that activate beta-catenin signaling. However, the mechanism of R-spondin action and its relationship with Wnt signaling remain unclear. Here we show that human R-spondin1 (hRspo1) is a high affinity ligand for the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 (K(d) = 1.2 nm). hRspo1 induces glycogen synthase kinase 3-dependent phosphorylation and activation of LRP6. DKK1, an LRP6 antagonist, inhibits hRspo1-induced LRP6 phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that hRspo1 synergizes with Frizzled5 in Xenopus axis induction assays and induces the phosphorylation of Dishevelled, a cytoplasmic component downstream of Frizzled function. Our study reveals interesting similarity and distinction between Wnt and R-spondin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiou Wei
- Program of Neurobiology, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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17
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Morel M, Leroy K, Doble B, Cruz J, Tsai LH, Woodgett J, Brion JP. P3–307: Glycogen synthase kinase–3beta and the p25 activator of cyclin–dependent kinase–5 decrease neuritogenesis and fast axoplasmic transport in differentiated PC12 cells. Alzheimers Dement 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2006.05.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Morel
- Universite Libre de BruxellesLaboratory of Histology and NeuropathologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Karelle Leroy
- Universite Libre de BruxellesLaboratory of Histology and NeuropathologyBrusselsBelgium
| | - Brad Doble
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Jim Woodgett
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research InstituteTorontoONCanada
| | - Jean-Pierre Brion
- Universite Libre de BruxellesLaboratory of Histology and NeuropathologyBrusselsBelgium
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18
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Zeng X, Tamai K, Doble B, Li S, Huang H, Habas R, Okamura H, Woodgett J, He X. A dual-kinase mechanism for Wnt co-receptor phosphorylation and activation. Nature 2005; 438:873-7. [PMID: 16341017 PMCID: PMC2100418 DOI: 10.1038/nature04185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 606] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/01/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Signalling by the Wnt family of secreted lipoproteins has essential functions in development and disease. The canonical Wnt/beta-catenin pathway requires a single-span transmembrane receptor, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), whose phosphorylation at multiple PPPSP motifs is induced upon stimulation by Wnt and is critical for signal transduction. The kinase responsible for LRP6 phosphorylation has not been identified. Here we provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a 'dual-kinase' mechanism for LRP6 phosphorylation and activation. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which is known for its inhibitory role in Wnt signalling through the promotion of beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation, mediates the phosphorylation and activation of LRP6. We show that Wnt induces sequential phosphorylation of LRP6 by GSK3 and casein kinase 1, and this dual phosphorylation promotes the engagement of LRP6 with the scaffolding protein Axin. We show further that a membrane-associated form of GSK3, in contrast with cytosolic GSK3, stimulates Wnt signalling and Xenopus axis duplication. Our results identify two key kinases mediating Wnt co-receptor activation, reveal an unexpected and intricate logic of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, and illustrate GSK3 as a genuine switch that dictates both on and off states of a pivotal regulatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Neurobiology Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Batt J, Bain J, Goncalves J, Michalski B, Plant P, Fahnestock M, Woodgett J. Differential gene expression profiling of short and long term denervated muscle. FASEB J 2005; 20:115-7. [PMID: 16291642 DOI: 10.1096/fj.04-3640fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle function and viability are dependent upon intact innervation. Peripheral nerve injury and muscle denervation cause muscle atrophy. Time to re-innervation is one of the most important determinants of functional outcome. While short-term denervation can result in nearly fully reversible changes in muscle mass, prolonged denervation leads to irreversible muscle impairment from profound atrophy, myocyte death and fibrosis. We performed transcriptional profiling to identify genes that were altered in expression in short-term (1 month) and long-term (3 month) denervated muscle and validated the microarray data by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Genes controlling cell death, metabolism, proteolysis, stress responses and protein synthesis/translation were altered in expression in the denervated muscle. A differential pattern of expression of genes encoding cell cycle regulators and extracellular matrix components was identified that correlated with the development of irreversible post-denervation changes. Genes encoding mediators of protein degradation were differentially expressed between 1 and 3 month denervated muscle suggesting different signaling networks are recruited over time to induce and maintain muscle atrophy. Understanding of the timing and type of pathological processes that are triggered by denervation may allow the design of interventions that delay or protect muscle from loss of nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Batt
- Clinical Sciences Division, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Ma N, Szmitko P, Brade A, Chu I, Lo A, Woodgett J, Klamut H, Liu FF. Kinase-dead PKB gene therapy combined with hyperthermia for human breast cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2003; 11:52-60. [PMID: 14681726 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that protein kinase B (PKB) is a mediator of heat-induced apoptosis for human breast cancer cells. To investigate the therapeutic potential of abrogating the function of this important survival protein, a novel replication-deficient adenovirus was constructed, wherein a mutant, kinase-inactive PKB gene (AAA) was inserted downstream of the CMV promoter. Two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-468, were treated, along with the MCF-10 serving as a "normal" mammary epithelial comparator. Apoptosis was increased with adv.AAA (25 PFU/cell) infection alone, but was significantly enhanced with the addition of heat exposure. Differential survival was observed with the MDA-468 cancer cells being more sensitive than the MCF-7 cells. The MCF-10 cells, in contrast, were most resistant to these treatments. Results from the clonogenic assay reflected the apoptosis data, with an apparent additive interaction between adv.AAA and hyperthermia treatments, again with greater differential sensitivity of the malignant, compared to the "normal" mammary epithelial cells. Heat or adv.beta-gal treatments led to phosphorylation of PKB and Forkhead, but this phosphorylation was reduced with adv.AAA therapy. In parallel, the combination of adv.AAA and heat treatment reduced PKB kinase activity more so than with either heat or adv.beta-gal alone. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that inhibition of the PKB-dependent survival pathway will promote apoptosis and thermosensitization in malignant breast cancer cells, with relative sparing of their normal counterpart, suggesting that a therapeutic gain could be achievable using this therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Ma
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Woodgett J. What is the "gold" standard to indicate a gene inclusively ie including regulatory, promoter or other elements at both ends of the transcribable DNA segment? IUBMB Life 2003; 55:285-6. [PMID: 12880211 DOI: 10.1080/1521654031000137399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Penninger
- Amgen Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C1, Canada.
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23
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Ma N, Jin J, Lu F, Woodgett J, Liu FF. The role of protein kinase B (PKB) in modulating heat sensitivity in a human breast cancer cell line. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 50:1041-50. [PMID: 11429232 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(01)01596-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein kinase B (PKB) is a critical mediator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent survival signals in mammalian cells. Its activity is induced after heat shock, and is inhibited in cells undergoing apoptosis. We hypothesized that PKB may be an important modulator for heat-induced apoptosis in human cancer cells. METHODS AND MATERIALS MCF-7 cells were transfected using four different plasmids, encoding a kinase-dead mutant PKB-AAA, a constitutively activated mutant PKB-DD, wild-type PKB, and the neomycin-resistant selection gene. These stable transfectants were subjected to heat shock, and assessed for PKB phosphorylation, PKB activity, and likelihood of undergoing apoptosis. RESULTS After heating to 45 degrees C x 30 mins, 25% of MCF-7/neo transfectants underwent apoptosis, which increased to 38% in the presence of wortmannin (WT), an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. In contrast, 23% of the constitutively activated MCF-7/DD transfectants underwent apoptosis, minimally affected by WT. Heat-induced apoptosis occurred in 34% of the kinase-dead MCF-7/AAA transfectants, which increased further to 58% with the addition of WT. This in turn was associated with a two-fold reduction in clonogenic survival compared to the MCF-7/neo transfectants. CONCLUSION Heat shock activation of PKB in human MCF-7 cells appears to be a significant modulator of heat-induced apoptosis and survival. Further understanding of this important pathway may offer potential in developing novel strategies in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ma
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Princess Margaret Hospital, Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Gillis D, Shrode LD, Krump E, Howard CM, Rubie EA, Tibbles LA, Woodgett J, Grinstein S. Osmotic stimulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1: relationship to the activation of three MAPK pathways. J Membr Biol 2001; 181:205-14. [PMID: 11420607 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-001-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2000] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) becomes activated by hyperosmolar stress, thereby contributing to cell volume regulation. The signaling pathway(s) responsible for the shrinkage-induced activation of NHE, however, remain unknown. A family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), encompassing p42/p44 Erk, p38 MAPK and SAPK, has been implicated in a variety of cellular responses to changes in osmolarity. We therefore investigated whether these kinases similarly signal the hyperosmotic activation of NHE. The time course and osmolyte concentration dependence of hypertonic activation of NHE and of the three sub-families of MAPK were compared in U937 cells. The temporal course and dependence on osmolarity of Erk and p38 MAPK activation were found to be similar to that of NHE stimulation. However, while pretreatment of U937 cells with the kinase inhibitors PD98059 and SB203580 abrogated the osmotic activation of Erk and p38 MAPK, respectively, it did not prevent the associated stimulation of NHE. Thus, Erk1/2 and/or p38 MAPK are unlikely to mediate the osmotic regulation of NHE. The kinetics of NHE activation by hyperosmolarity appeared to precede SAPK activation. In addition, hyperosmotic activation of NHE persisted in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking SEK1/MKK4, an upstream activator of SAPK. Moreover, shrinkage-induced activation of NHE still occurred in COS-7 cells that were transiently transfected with a dominant-negative form of SEK1/MKK4 (SEK1/MKK4-A/L) that is expected to inhibit other isoforms of SEK as well. Together, these results demonstrate that the stimulation of NHE and the activation of Erk, p38 MAPK and SAPK are parallel but independent events.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gillis
- Programme in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1X8
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25
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Haq S, Choukroun G, Kang ZB, Ranu H, Matsui T, Rosenzweig A, Molkentin JD, Alessandrini A, Woodgett J, Hajjar R, Michael A, Force T. Glycogen synthase kinase-3beta is a negative regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. J Cell Biol 2000; 151:117-30. [PMID: 11018058 PMCID: PMC2189812 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.151.1.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophy is a basic cellular response to a variety of stressors and growth factors, and has been best characterized in myocytes. Pathologic hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes leads to heart failure, a major cause of death and disability in the developed world. Several cytosolic signaling pathways have been identified that transduce prohypertrophic signals, but to date, little work has focused on signaling pathways that might negatively regulate hypertrophy. Herein, we report that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), a protein kinase previously implicated in processes as diverse as development and tumorigenesis, is inactivated by hypertrophic stimuli via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent protein kinase that phosphorylates GSK-3beta on ser 9. Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of GSK-3beta containing a ser 9 to alanine mutation, which prevents inactivation by hypertrophic stimuli, we demonstrate that inactivation of GSK-3beta is required for cardiomyocytes to undergo hypertrophy. Furthermore, our data suggest that GSK-3beta regulates the hypertrophic response, at least in part, by modulating the nuclear/cytoplasmic partitioning of a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells family of transcription factors. The identification of GSK-3beta as a transducer of antihypertrophic signals suggests that novel therapeutic strategies to treat hypertrophic diseases of the heart could be designed that target components of the GSK-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Haq
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129-2060, USA
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26
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Nishimura M, Yu G, Levesque G, Zhang DM, Ruel L, Chen F, Milman P, Holmes E, Liang Y, Kawarai T, Jo E, Supala A, Rogaeva E, Xu DM, Janus C, Levesque L, Bi Q, Duthie M, Rozmahel R, Mattila K, Lannfelt L, Westaway D, Mount HT, Woodgett J, St George-Hyslop P. Presenilin mutations associated with Alzheimer disease cause defective intracellular trafficking of beta-catenin, a component of the presenilin protein complex. Nat Med 1999; 5:164-9. [PMID: 9930863 DOI: 10.1038/5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The presenilin proteins are components of high-molecular-weight protein complexes in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus that also contain beta-catenin. We report here that presenilin mutations associated with familial Alzheimer disease (but not the non-pathogenic Glu318Gly polymorphism) alter the intracellular trafficking of beta-catenin after activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signal transduction pathway. As with their effect on betaAPP processing, the effect of PS1 mutations on trafficking of beta-catenin arises from a dominant 'gain of aberrant function' activity. These results indicate that mistrafficking of selected presenilin ligands is a candidate mechanism for the genesis of Alzheimer disease associated with presenilin mutations, and that dysfunction in the presenilin-beta-catenin protein complexes is central to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishimura
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Liu F, Ma N, Jing J, Lu F, Woodgett J. 2029 The potential role of PKB as a modulator for heat sensitivity in MCF-7 cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)90299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Delcommenne M, Tan C, Gray V, Rue L, Woodgett J, Dedhar S. Phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein kinase B/AKT by the integrin-linked kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:11211-6. [PMID: 9736715 PMCID: PMC21621 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 874] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is an ankyrin-repeat containing serine-threonine protein kinase capable of interacting with the cytoplasmic domains of integrin beta1, beta2, and beta3 subunits. Overexpression of ILK in epithelial cells disrupts cell-extracellular matrix as well as cell-cell interactions, suppresses suspension-induced apoptosis (also called Anoikis), and stimulates anchorage-independent cell cycle progression. In addition, ILK induces nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, where the latter associates with a T cell factor/lymphocyte enhancer-binding factor 1 (TCF/LEF-1) to form an activated transcription factor. We now demonstrate that ILK activity is rapidly, but transiently, stimulated upon attachment of cells to fibronectin, as well as by insulin, in a phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase [Pi(3)K]-dependent manner. Furthermore, phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate specifically stimulates the activity of ILK in vitro, and in addition, membrane targetted constitutively active Pi(3)K activates ILK in vivo. We also demonstrate here that ILK is an upstream effector of the Pi(3)K-dependent regulation of both protein kinase B (PKB/AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). Specifically, ILK can directly phosphorylate GSK-3 in vitro and when stably, or transiently, overexpressed in cells can inhibit GSK-3 activity, whereas the overexpression of kinase-deficient ILK enhances GSK-3 activity. In addition, kinase-active ILK can phosphorylate PKB/AKT on serine-473, whereas kinase-deficient ILK severely inhibits endogenous phosphorylation of PKB/AKT on serine-473, demonstrating that ILK is involved in agonist stimulated, Pi(3)K-dependent, PKB/AKT activation. ILK is thus a receptor-proximal effector for the Pi(3)K-dependent, extracellular matrix and growth factor mediated, activation of PKB/AKT, and inhibition of GSK-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Delcommenne
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Jack Bell Research Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6 Canada
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Woodgett J. A team of centre forwards. Trends Biochem Sci 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0004(98)01261-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brownlees J, Irving NG, Brion JP, Gibb BJ, Wagner U, Woodgett J, Miller CC. Tau phosphorylation in transgenic mice expressing glycogen synthase kinase-3beta transgenes. Neuroreport 1997; 8:3251-5. [PMID: 9351652 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199710200-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect on tau of manipulating glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta activity in the brain, we created transgenic mice harbouring wild-type GSK-3beta genes or a mutant GSK-3beta that is predicted to be more active. Transgene-derived mRNAs were detected in the brains of a number of the transgenic mouse lines and several of these transgenic lines displayed transgenic GSK-3beta activity. Western blot analyses of the two lines with the highest levels of transgenic GSK-3beta activity revealed that the phosphorylation status of tau was elevated at the AT8 epitope. These observations strongly suggest that GSK-3beta is an in vivo tau kinase in the brain. Only low levels of expression of GSK-3beta were obtained and it is possible that high levels of GSK-3beta activity are lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brownlees
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Woodgett
- Ontario Cancer Institute, University of Toronto, M5G 2M9, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Woodgett J. Creating a home page. Trends Ecol Evol 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5347(97)80006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Guidato S, Tsai LH, Woodgett J, Miller CC. Differential cellular phosphorylation of neurofilament heavy side-arms by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and cyclin-dependent kinase-5. J Neurochem 1996; 66:1698-706. [PMID: 8627328 DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.66041698.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the cellular mechanisms regulating neurofilament-heavy subunit (NF-H) side-arm phosphorylation, we studied the ability of three putative neurofilament kinases, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)alpha, GSK-3 beta, and cyclin-dependent kinase-5 (cdk-5), to phosphorylate NF-H in transfected cells. We analysed NF-H phosphorylation by using a panel of phosphorylation-dependent antibodies and also by monitoring the electrophoretic mobility of the transfected NF-H on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis because this is known to be affected by side-arm phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate that whereas GSK-3 alpha, GSK-3 beta, and cdk-5 will all phosphorylate NF-H, they generate different antibody reactivity profiles. GSK-3 alpha and GSK-3 beta induce a partial retardation of a proportion of the transfected NF-H, but only cdk-5 alters the rate of electrophoretic migration to that of NF-H from brain. We conclude that cdk-5 and GSK-3 phosphorylate different residues or sets of residues within NF-H sidearm in cells. We further show that cdk-5 is active in both the CNS and the PNS but that this activity is not dependent on expression of its activator, p35. This suggests that there are other activators of cdk-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Guidato
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, London, England
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Yates A, Woodgett J, Anderton B, Miller C. 406 The effects of stress-activated protein (SAP) kinases (JNKs) on cellular Tau and APP metabolism studied in transfected mammalian cells. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kharbanda S, Saleem A, Shafman T, Emoto Y, Taneja N, Rubin E, Weichselbaum R, Woodgett J, Avruch J, Kyriakis J. Ionizing radiation stimulates a Grb2-mediated association of the stress-activated protein kinase with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:18871-4. [PMID: 7642542 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.32.18871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-activated protein (SAP) kinases are induced by tumor necrosis factor, oncoproteins, and UV light. The present studies demonstrate that ionizing radiation (IR) activates p54 SAP kinase. IR-induced activation of SAP kinase is associated with binding to the SH2/SH3-containing adaptor protein Grb2. This interaction is mediated by the SH3 domains of Grb2 and the proline-rich sequence PPPKIP in the carboxy-terminal region of SAP kinase. We also demonstrated that SAP kinase and the p85 alpha-subunit of phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase form a complex in irradiated cells. The results indicate that this complex involves binding of the p85 alpha subunit of PI 3-kinase to the SH2 domain of Grb2. The functional role of linking SAP kinase to PI 3-kinase is further supported by the finding that wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, stimulates SAP kinase activity. These results suggest that the cellular response to IR may include regulation of SAP kinase by a PI 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kharbanda
- Division of Cancer Pharmacology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Coso OA, Chiariello M, Kalinec G, Kyriakis JM, Woodgett J, Gutkind JS. Transforming G protein-coupled receptors potently activate JNK (SAPK). Evidence for a divergence from the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:5620-4. [PMID: 7890682 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.10.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in NIH 3T3 cells has been used as a model for studying proliferative signaling through G protein-coupled receptors. In this biological system, the m1 class of mAChRs can effectively transduce mitogenic signals (Stephens, E.V., Kalinec, G., Brann, M.R., and Gutkind, J.S. (1993) Oncogene 8, 19-26) and induce malignant transformation if persistently activated (Gutkind, J.S., Novotny, E.A., Brann, M.R., and Robbins, K.C. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 4703-4708). Moreover, available evidence suggests that the m1-signaling pathway converges at the level of p21ras with that emerging from tyrosine kinase receptors (Crespo, P., Xu, N., Simonds, W.F., and Gutkind, J.S. (1994) Nature 369, 418-420). To explore nuclear events involved in growth regulation by G protein-coupled receptors in this setting, we compared the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and the cholinergic agonist, carbachol, on the expression of mRNA for members of the jun and fos family of nuclear proto-oncogenes. We found that activation of m1 receptors by carbachol induces the expression of a distinct set of nuclear transcription factors. In particular, carbachol caused a much greater induction of c-jun mRNA and AP-1 activity. These responses did not correlate with protein kinase C stimulation nor with the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. Recently, it has been shown that a novel family of kinases structurally related to MAP kinases, stress-activated protein kinases, or Jun kinases (JNKs), phosphorylate in vivo the amino-terminal transactivating domain of the c-Jun protein, thereby increasing its transcriptional activity. In view of our results, this observation prompted us to ask whether m1 and PDGF can differentially activate JNKs. Here, we show that m1 mAChRs can induce a remarkable increase in JNK activity, which was temporally distinct from that of MAP kinase and was entirely protein kinase C independent. In contrast, PDGF failed to activate JNK in these cells, although it stimulated MAP kinase to an extent even greater than that for carbachol. These findings demonstrate that G protein-coupled receptors can signal through pathways leading to the activation of JNK, thus diverging at this level with those signaling routes utilized by tyrosine kinase receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Coso
- Molecular Signaling Unit, NIDR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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Abstract
Extracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) induces the formation of prespore cells in Dictyostelium but inhibits stalk cell formation. We have cloned gskA, which encodes the Dictyostelium homolog of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), and discovered that it is required for both cAMP effects. Disruption of gskA creates a mutant that aggregates but forms few spores and an abnormally high number of stalk cells. These stalk cells probably arise from an expanded prestalk B (pstB) cell population, which normally produces the basal disc of the fruiting body. In cultured mutant cells, cAMP neither inhibits pstB cell differentiation nor induces efficient prespore cell differentiation. We propose that cAMP acts through a common pathway that requires GSK-3 and determines the proportion of prespore and pstB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Harwood
- Medical Research Council, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, England
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Latimer DA, Lovestone S, Reynolds CH, Hopkins RM, Woodgett J, Gallo JM, Miller CCJ, Anderton BH. Phosphorylation of Tau in transiently transfected control and Raf transformed 3T3 cells. Neurobiol Aging 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0197-4580(94)92555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Occupancy of one of the two phenothiazine-binding sites on calmodulin does not significantly decrease the affinity of calmodulin for its target proteins; however, it does affect the ability of calmodulin to activate some enzymes. Previously we demonstrated that a covalent adduct of calmodulin with one molecule of phenothiazine (CAPP1-calmodulin) is an antagonist for the calmodulin-dependent enzymes, cAMP phosphodiesterase and myosin kinase, and a partial agonist for calcineurin. We now show that CAPP1-calmodulin is a full agonist for glycogen synthase kinase and phosphorylase kinase. Unlike phenothiazines, CAPP1-calmodulin is specific for calmodulin-regulated proteins; it has no effect on protein kinase C. With the exception of phosphorylase kinase, occupancy of two phenothiazine-binding sites completely eliminates the ability of calmodulin to activate these proteins. Thus, the study of the interaction of CAPP1-calmodulin with calmodulin target proteins demonstrates that calmodulin interacts differently with different proteins. This is confirmed by studies of the effect of calmodulin fragments, 1-77 and 78-148, on calmodulin-regulated enzymes.
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Picton C, Woodgett J, Hemmings B, Cohen P. Multisite phosphorylation of glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Phosphorylation of site 5 by glycogen synthase kinase-5 (casein kinase-II) is a prerequisite for phosphorylation of sites 3 by glycogen synthase kinase-3. FEBS Lett 1982; 150:191-6. [PMID: 6819160 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(82)81332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-5 (casein kinase-II) phosphorylates glycogen synthase on a serine termed site 5. This residue is just C-terminal to the 3 serines phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are critical for the hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase in vivo. Although phosphorylation of site 5 does not affect the catalytic activity, it is demonstrated that this modification is a prerequisite for phosphorylation by glycogen synthase kinase-3. Since site 5 is almost fully phosphorylated in vivo under all conditions, the role of glycogen synthase kinase-5 would appear to be a novel one in forming the recognition site for another protein kinase.
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