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Manzoor S, Kane MS, Grenett M, Oh JY, Pat B, Lewis C, Davies JE, Steele C, Patel RP, Dell'Italia LJ. Elevated cardiac hemoglobin expression is associated with a pro-oxidative and inflammatory environment in primary mitral regurgitation. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:126-133. [PMID: 37543167 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary mitral regurgitation (PMR) is associated with oxidative and inflammatory myocardial damage. We reported greater exosome hemoglobin (Hb) in pericardial fluid (PCF) versus plasma, suggesting a cardiac source of Hb. OBJECTIVE Test the hypothesis that Hb is produced in the PMR heart and is associated with increased inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Hb gene expression for subunits alpha (HBA) and beta (HBB) was assessed in right atria (RA), left atria (LA) and left ventricular (LV) tissue from donor hearts (n = 10) and PMR patient biopsies at surgery (n = 11). PMR patients (n = 22) had PCF and blood collected for macrophage markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In-situ hybridization for HBA mRNA and immunohistochemistry for Hb-alpha (Hbα) and Hb-beta (Hbβ) protein was performed on PMR tissue. RESULTS HBA and HBB genes are significantly increased (>4-fold) in RA, LA, and LV in PMR vs. normal hearts. In PMR tissue, HBA mRNA is expressed in both LV cardiomyocytes and interstitial cells by in-situ hybridization; however, Hbα and Hbβ protein is only expressed in interstitial cells by immunohistochemistry. PCF oxyHb is significantly increased over plasma along with low ratios (<1.0) of haptoglobin:oxyHb and hemopexin:heme supporting a highly oxidative environment. Macrophage chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and MMPs are significantly higher in PCF vs. plasma. CONCLUSION There is increased Hb production in the PMR heart coupled with the inflammatory state of the heart, suggests a myocardial vulnerability of further Hb delivery and/or production during cardiac surgery that could adversely affect LV functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shajer Manzoor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mariame Selma Kane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Maximiliano Grenett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Betty Pat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Clifton Lewis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, UAB, USA
| | - James E Davies
- Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, UAB, USA
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, UAB, USA
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Eudailey KW, Pat B, Oh JY, Powell PC, Collawn JF, Mobley JA, Gaggar A, Lewis CT, Davies JE, Patel R, Dell'Italia LJ. Plasma Exosome Hemoglobin Released During Surgery Is Associated With Cardiac Injury in Animal Model. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:834-843. [PMID: 35398036 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with valvular heart disease require cardiopulmonary bypass and cardiac arrest. Here, we test the hypothesis that exosomal hemoglobin formed during cardiopulmonary bypass mediates acute cardiac injury in humans and in an animal model system. METHODS Plasma exosomes were collected from arterial blood at baseline and 30 minutes after aortic cross-clamp release in 20 patients with primary mitral regurgitation and 7 with aortic stenosis. These exosomes were injected into Sprague-Dawley rats and studied at multiple times up to 30 days. Tissue was examined by hematoxylin and eosin stain, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, and brain natriuretic peptide. RESULTS Troponin I levels increased from 36 ± 88 ng/L to 3622 ± 3054 ng/L and correlated with exosome hemoglobin content (Spearman r = 0.7136, < .0001, n = 24). Injection of exosomes isolated 30 minutes after cross-clamp release into Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in cardiomyocyte myofibrillar loss at 3 days. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated accumulation of electron dense particles of ferritin within cardiomyocytes, in the interstitial space, and within exosomes. At 21 days after injection, there was myofibrillar and myosin breakdown, interstitial fibrosis, elevated brain natriuretic peptide, and left ventricle diastolic dysfunction measured by echocardiography/Doppler. Pericardial fluid exosomal hemoglobin content is fourfold higher than simultaneous plasma exosome hemoglobin, suggesting a cardiac source of exosomal hemoglobin. CONCLUSIONS Red blood cell and cardiac-derived exosomal hemoglobin may be involved in myocardial injury during cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle W Eudailey
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Betty Pat
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Clifton T Lewis
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James E Davies
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Cardiovascular Institute, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham VA Health Care System, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Oh JY, Marques MB, Xu X, Li J, Genschmer KR, Phillips E, Chimento MF, Mobley J, Gaggar A, Patel RP. Different-sized extracellular vesicles derived from stored red blood cells package diverse cargoes and cause distinct cellular effects. Transfusion 2023; 63:586-600. [PMID: 36752125 PMCID: PMC10033430 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) occurs during cold storage of RBCs. Transfusion of EVs may contribute to adverse responses in recipients receiving RBCs. However, EVs are poorly characterized with limited data on whether distinct vesicles are formed, their composition, and potential biological effects. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Stored RBC-derived EVs were purified using protocols that separate larger microvesicle-like EVs (LEVs) from smaller exosome-like vesicles (SEVs). Vesicles were analyzed by electron microscopy, content of hemoglobin, heme, and proteins (by mass spectrometry), and the potential to mediate lipid peroxidation and endothelial cell permeability in vitro. RESULTS SEVs were characterized by having an electron-dense double membrane whereas LEVs had more uniform electron density across the particles. No differences in hemoglobin nor heme levels per particle were observed, however, due to smaller volumes, SEVs had higher concentrations of oxyHb and heme. Both particles contained antioxidant proteins peroxiredoxin-2 and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, these were present in higher molecular weight fractions in SEVs suggesting either oxidized proteins are preferentially packaged into smaller vesicles and/or that the environment associated with SEVs is more pro-oxidative. Furthermore, total glutathione (GSH + GSSG) levels were lower in SEVs. Both EVs mediated oxidation of liposomes that were prevented by hemopexin, identifying heme as the pro-oxidant effector. Addition of SEVs, but not LEVs, induced endothelial permeability in a process also prevented by hemopexin. CONCLUSION These data show that distinct EVs are formed during cold storage of RBCs with smaller particles being more likely to mediate pro-oxidant and inflammatory effects associated with heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Xin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jindong Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | | | - Edward Phillips
- Department of High Resolution Imaging Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Melissa F. Chimento
- Department of High Resolution Imaging Shared Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - James Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiolgy, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Department of Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
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Oh JY, Bae CY, Kasztan M, Pollock DM, Russell RT, Lebensburger J, Patel RP. Peroxiredoxin-2 recycling is slower in denser and pediatric sickle cell red cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22267. [PMID: 35306694 PMCID: PMC10155932 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200052r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) is a critical antioxidant protein in red blood cells (RBC). Prx-2 is oxidized to a disulfide covalently-bound dimer by H2 O2 , and then reduced back by the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system. The reduction of oxidized Prx-2 is relatively slow in RBCs. Since Prx-2 is highly abundant, Prx-2s' peroxidase catalytic cycle is not considered to be limiting under normal conditions. However, whether Prx-2 recycling becomes limiting when RBCs are exposed to stress is not known. Using three different model systems characterized by increased oxidative damage to RBCs spanning the physiologic (endogenous RBCs of different ages), therapeutic (cold-stored RBCs in blood banks) and pathologic (RBCs from sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and humanized SCD mice) spectrum, basal levels of Prx-2 oxidation and Prx-2 recycling kinetics after addition of H2 O2 were determined. The reduction of oxidized Prx-2 was significantly slower in older versuin older versus younger RBCs, in RBCs stored for 4-5 weeks compared to 1 week, and in RBC from pediatric SCD patients compared to RBCs from control non-SCD patients. Similarly, the rate of Prx-2 recycling was slower in humanized SCD mice compared to WT mice. Treatment of RBC with carbon monoxide (CO) to limit heme-peroxidase activity had no effect on Prx-2 recycling kinetics. Treatment with glucose attenuated slowed Prx-2 recycling in older RBCs and SCD RBCs, but not stored RBCs. In conclusion, the reduction of oxidized Prx-2 can be further slowed in RBCs, which may limit the protection afforded by this antioxidant protein in settings associated with erythrocyte stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chae Yun Bae
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Malgorzata Kasztan
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Robert T Russell
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lebensburger
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Miller L, Hébert CD, Grimes SD, Toomey JS, Oh JY, Rose JJ, Patel RP. Safety and toxicology assessment of sodium nitrite administered by intramuscular injection. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 429:115702. [PMID: 34464673 PMCID: PMC8459319 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular (IM) injection of nitrite (1-10 mg/kg) confers survival benefit and protects against lung injury after exposure to chlorine gas in preclinical models. Herein, we evaluated safety/toxicity parameters after single, and repeated (once daily for 7 days) IM injection of nitrite in male and female Sprague Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. The repeat dose studies were performed in compliance with the Federal Drug Administration's (FDA) Good Laboratory Practices Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR Part 58). Parameters evaluated consisted of survival, clinical observations, body weights, clinical pathology, plasma drug levels, methemoglobin and macroscopic and microscopic pathology. In rats and dogs, single doses of ≥100 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg resulted in death and moribundity, while repeated administration of ≤30 or ≤ 10 mg/kg/day, respectively, was well tolerated. Therefore, the maximum tolerated dose following repeated administration in rats and dogs were determined to be 30 mg/kg/day and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively. Effects at doses below the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) were limited to emesis (in dogs only) and methemoglobinemia (in both species) with clinical signs (e.g. blue discoloration of lips) being dose-dependent, transient and reversible. These signs were not considered adverse, therefore the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for both rats and dogs was 10 mg/kg/day in males (highest dose tested for dogs), and 3 mg/kg/day in females. Toxicokinetic assessment of plasma nitrite showed no difference between male and females, with Cmax occurring between 5 mins and 0.5 h (rats) or 0.25 h (dogs). In summary, IM nitrite was well tolerated in rats and dogs at doses previously shown to confer protection against chlorine gas toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiya Miller
- Intertek Health Sciences, Inc., Pharmaceuticals & Healthcare, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - James S Toomey
- Southern Research, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jason J Rose
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Lewis SE, Rosencrance CB, De Vallance E, Giromini A, Williams XM, Oh JY, Schmidt H, Straub AC, Chantler PD, Patel RP, Kelley EE. Human and rodent red blood cells do not demonstrate xanthine oxidase activity or XO-catalyzed nitrite reduction to NO. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:84-88. [PMID: 34273539 PMCID: PMC9257433 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A number of molybdopterin enzymes, including xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), aldehyde oxidase (AO), sulfite oxidase (SO), and mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component (mARC), have been identified as nitrate and nitrite reductases. Of these enzymes, XOR has been the most extensively studied and reported to be a substantive source of nitric oxide (NO) under inflammatory/hypoxic conditions that limit the catalytic activity of the canonical NOS pathway. It has also been postulated that XOR nitrite reductase activity extends to red blood cell (RBCs) membranes where it has been immunohistochemically identified. These findings, when combined with countervailing reports of XOR activity in RBCs, incentivized our current study to critically evaluate XOR protein abundance/enzymatic activity in/on RBCs from human, mouse, and rat sources. Using various protein concentrations of RBC homogenates for both human and rodent samples, neither XOR protein nor enzymatic activity (xanthine → uric acid) was detectable. In addition, potential loading of RBC-associated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by exposing RBC preparations to purified XO before washing did not solicit detectable enzymatic activity (xanthine → uric acid) or alter NO generation profiles. To ensure these observations extended to absence of XOR-mediated contributions to overall RBC-associated nitrite reduction, we examined the nitrite reductase activity of washed and lysed RBC preparations via enhanced chemiluminescence in the presence or absence of the XOR-specific inhibitor febuxostat (Uloric®). Neither addition of inhibitor nor the presence of the XOR substrate xanthine significantly altered the rates of nitrite reduction to NO by RBC preparations from either human or rodent sources confirming the absence of XO enzymatic activity. Furthermore, examination of the influence of the age (young cells vs. old cells) of human RBCs on XO activity also failed to demonstrate detectable XO protein. Combined, these data suggest: 1) that XO does not contribute to nitrite reduction in/on human and rodent erythrocytes, 2) care should be taken to validate immuno-detectable XO by demonstrating enzymatic activity, and 3) XO does not associate with human erythrocytic glycosaminoglycans or participate in nonspecific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Lewis
- West Virginia University Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, USA
| | | | - Evan De Vallance
- West Virginia University Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, USA
| | - Andrew Giromini
- West Virginia University Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, USA
| | - Xena M Williams
- West Virginia University Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Free Radical Biology, USA
| | - Heidi Schmidt
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, USA
| | - Adam C Straub
- University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute, USA
| | | | - Rakesh P Patel
- University of Alabama at Birmingham Center for Free Radical Biology, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- West Virginia University Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, USA.
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Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Lewis SE, Hahn SA, Williams XM, McMahon B, Baust JJ, Yuan S, Bachman TN, Wang Y, Oh JY, Ghosh S, Ofori-Acquah SF, Lebensburger JD, Patel RP, Du J, Vitturi DA, Kelley EE, Straub AC. Xanthine Oxidase Drives Hemolysis and Vascular Malfunction in Sickle Cell Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:769-782. [PMID: 33267657 PMCID: PMC8185582 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic hemolysis is a hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a driver of vasculopathy; however, the mechanisms contributing to hemolysis remain incompletely understood. Although XO (xanthine oxidase) activity has been shown to be elevated in SCD, its role remains unknown. XO binds endothelium and generates oxidants as a byproduct of hypoxanthine and xanthine catabolism. We hypothesized that XO inhibition decreases oxidant production leading to less hemolysis. Approach and Results: Wild-type mice were bone marrow transplanted with control (AA) or sickle (SS) Townes bone marrow. After 12 weeks, mice were treated with 10 mg/kg per day of febuxostat (Uloric), Food and Drug Administration-approved XO inhibitor, for 10 weeks. Hematologic analysis demonstrated increased hematocrit, cellular hemoglobin, and red blood cells, with no change in reticulocyte percentage. Significant decreases in cell-free hemoglobin and increases in haptoglobin suggest XO inhibition decreased hemolysis. Myographic studies demonstrated improved pulmonary vascular dilation and blunted constriction, indicating improved pulmonary vasoreactivity, whereas pulmonary pressure and cardiac function were unaffected. The role of hepatic XO in SCD was evaluated by bone marrow transplanting hepatocyte-specific XO knockout mice with SS Townes bone marrow. However, hepatocyte-specific XO knockout, which results in >50% diminution in circulating XO, did not affect hemolysis levels or vascular function, suggesting hepatocyte-derived elevation of circulating XO is not the driver of hemolysis in SCD. CONCLUSIONS Ten weeks of febuxostat treatment significantly decreased hemolysis and improved pulmonary vasoreactivity in a mouse model of SCD. Although hepatic XO accounts for >50% of circulating XO, it is not the source of XO driving hemolysis in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M. Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine C. Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara E. Lewis
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Scott A. Hahn
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xena M. Williams
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Brenda McMahon
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey J. Baust
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy N. Bachman
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yekai Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Samit Ghosh
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Solomon F. Ofori-Acquah
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jianhai Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric E. Kelley
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | - Adam C. Straub
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Pat B, Oh JY, Masjoan Juncos JX, Powell PC, Collawn JF, Patel RP, Dell'Italia LJ. Red blood cell exosome hemoglobin content increases after cardiopulmonary bypass and mediates acute kidney injury in an animal model. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 164:e289-e308. [PMID: 33451850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.11.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hemolysis, characterized by formation of free hemoglobin (Hb), occurs in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, there is no study of the dynamic changes in red blood cell (RBC)-derived exosomes (Exos) released during CPB, nor whether these particles mediate acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS This study is a comprehensive time-course analysis, at baseline, 30 minutes, to 24 hours post-crossclamp release (XCR) to determine (1) Exos Hb content; (2) free Hb/heme, haptoglobin, hemopexin; and (3) urinary markers of AKI over the same time period. In addition, we developed a model system in Sprague-Dawley rats to test for AKI after intravenous injection of Exos Hb released during CPB. RESULTS In 30 patients undergoing CPB, there is a significant increase in plasma Hb-positive Exos but not microvesicles 30 minutes post-XCR versus other time points, with a simultaneous decrease in the haptoglobin/Hb ratio. These changes presage a significant increase in urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and kidney injury molecule-1 at 24 hours. Intravenous injection of plasma Exos (109-10 particles obtained 30 minutes post-XCR) into rats causes AKI at 72 hours, manifested by multifocal degeneration of proximal tubular epithelium. At 21 days, there is persistent tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis. Intravenous injection of Exos from 35-day-old stored RBCs into rats results in glomerular-tubular injury, increased kidney ferritin and hemoxygenase-1 expression, and significant elevation of kidney injury molecule-1 and proteinuria at 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS These combined studies raise the potential for RBC-derived Exos, released during CPB, to target the kidney and mediate AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Pat
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Cardiovascular Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Juan Xavier Masjoan Juncos
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Pamela C Powell
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Ala
| | - James F Collawn
- UAB Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala
| | - Louis J Dell'Italia
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Cardiovascular Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Ala.
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Oh JY, Song CY, Ko YJ, Lee JM, Kang WN, Yang DS, Kang B. Strong correlation between flux pinning and epitaxial strain in the GdBa 2Cu 3O 7-x /La 0.7Sr 0.3MnO 3 nanocrystalline heterostructure. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39102-39108. [PMID: 35518394 PMCID: PMC9057360 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06431a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of magnetic flux pinning is investigated in GdBa2Cu3O7 (GdBCO) thin films with two different types of ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) buffers (nanoparticles and a layer) deposited on an STO substrate. Magnetization analyses reveal the presence of multiple flux pinning mechanisms responsible for the improvement in the critical current density of GdBCO films. While core pinning becomes a dominant pinning mechanism in GdBCO films with LSMO nanoparticles, a hybrid effect of magnetic-volume and core-point pinning is observed in GdBCO films with LSMO layers. Examinations of local structures for both LSMO and GdBCO using extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) exhibit a close relation between the parameters in the pinning force scaling and the length ratio of the Mn–O bond to the Cu–O bond. This result implies that the origin of core pinning is probably attributed to epitaxial strain induced by lattice mismatch between LSMO and GdBCO. Therefore, an appropriate strain state of LSMO is required for an effective operation of magnetic pinning. The effect of magnetic flux pinning is investigated in GdBa2Cu3O7 (GdBCO) thin films with two different types of ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) buffers (nanoparticles and a layer) deposited on an STO substrate.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea +82 43 274 7811 +82 43 261 3394
| | - C Y Song
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea +82 43 274 7811 +82 43 261 3394
| | - Y J Ko
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea +82 43 274 7811 +82 43 261 3394
| | - J M Lee
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea
| | - W N Kang
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon Korea
| | - D S Yang
- Department of Physics Education, Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea
| | - B Kang
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University Cheongju Korea +82 43 274 7811 +82 43 261 3394
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10
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Kim WY, Kang BJ, Chung CR, Park SH, Oh JY, Park SY, Cho WH, Sim YS, Cho YJ, Park S, Kim JH, Hong SB. Prone positioning before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective multicenter study. Med Intensiva 2019; 43:402-409. [PMID: 29983197 PMCID: PMC10036879 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subjected to prone positioning before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN A retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort was carried out. SETTING Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units of 11 hospitals in Korea. PATIENTS Patients were divided into those who underwent prone positioning before ECMO (n=28) and those who did not (n=34). INTERVENTIONS None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST Thirty-day mortality, ECMO weaning failure rate, mechanical ventilation weaning success rate, mechanical ventilation-free days at day 60. RESULTS The prone group had lower median peak inspiratory pressure and lower median dynamic driving pressure before ECMO. Thirty-day mortality was 21% in the prone group and 41% in the non-prone group (p=0.098). The prone group also showed a lower ECMO weaning failure rate, and a higher mechanical ventilation weaning success rate and more mechanical ventilation-free days at day 60. In the non-prone group, median dynamic compliance marginally decreased shortly after ECMO, but no significant change was observed in the prone group. CONCLUSIONS Prone positioning before ECMO was not associated to increased mortality and tended to exert a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - C R Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Oh
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Cho
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Sim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Detterich JA, Liu H, Suriany S, Kato RM, Chalacheva P, Tedla B, Shah PM, Khoo MC, Wood JC, Coates TD, Milne GL, Oh JY, Patel RP, Forman HJ. Erythrocyte and plasma oxidative stress appears to be compensated in patients with sickle cell disease during a period of relative health, despite the presence of known oxidative agents. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 141:408-415. [PMID: 31279092 PMCID: PMC6750280 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenetic disease that results in the formation of hemoglobin S. Due to more rapid oxidation of hemoglobin S due to intracellular heme and adventitious iron in SCD, it has been thought that an inherent property of SCD red cells would be an imbalance in antioxidant defenses and oxidant production. Less deformable and fragile RBC in SCD results in intravascular hemolysis and release of free hemoglobin (PFHb) in the plasma, which might be expected to produce oxidative stress in the plasma. Thus, we aimed to characterize intracellular and vascular oxidative stress in whole blood and plasma samples from adult SCD patients and controls recruited into a large study of SCD at Children's Hospital of Los Angeles. We evaluated the cellular content of metHb and several components of the antioxidant system in RBC as well as oxidation of GSH and Prx-2 oxidation in RBC after challenge with hydroperoxides. Plasma markers included PFHb, low molecular weight protein bound heme (freed heme), hemopexin, isoprostanes, and protein carbonyls. While GSH was slightly lower in SCD RBC, protein carbonyls, NADH, NAD+ and total NADP+ + NADPH were not different. Furthermore, GSH or Prx-2 oxidation was not different after oxidative challenge in SCD vs. Control. Elevated freed heme and PFHb had a significant negative, non-linear association with hemopexin. There appeared to be a threshold effect for hemopexin (200 μg/ml), under which the freed heme rose acutely. Plasma F2-isoprostanes were not significantly elevated in SCD. Despite significant release of Hb and elevation of freed heme in SCD when hemopexin was apparently saturated, there was no clear indication of uncompensated vascular oxidative stress. This somewhat surprising result, suggests that oxidative stress is well compensated in RBCs and plasma during a period of relative health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon A Detterich
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Honglei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA
| | - Silvie Suriany
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA; Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA
| | | | | | - Bruke Tedla
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA
| | - Payal M Shah
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael C Khoo
- Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - John C Wood
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA; Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Thomas D Coates
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ginger L Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, USA
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, USA
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12
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MohanKumar K, Namachivayam K, Song T, Jake Cha B, Slate A, Hendrickson JE, Pan H, Wickline SA, Oh JY, Patel RP, He L, Torres BA, Maheshwari A. A murine neonatal model of necrotizing enterocolitis caused by anemia and red blood cell transfusions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3494. [PMID: 31375667 PMCID: PMC6677753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an idiopathic, inflammatory bowel necrosis of premature infants. Clinical studies have linked NEC with antecedent red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here we report a neonatal murine model to investigate this association. C57BL/6 mouse pups rendered anemic by timed phlebotomy and then given RBC transfusions develop NEC-like intestinal injury with prominent necrosis, inflammation, and submucosal edema/separation of the lamina propria in the ileocecal region and colon within 12-24 h. The anemic intestine is infiltrated by inflammatory macrophages, which are activated in situ by RBC transfusions via a Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-mediated mechanism and cause bowel injury. Chelation of RBC degradation products with haptoglobin, absence of TLR4, macrophage depletion, and inhibition of macrophage activation is protective. Intestinal injury worsens with increasing severity and the duration of anemia prior to transfusion, indicating a need for the re-evaluation of current transfusion guidelines for premature infants.
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MESH Headings
- Anemia/complications
- Anemia/therapy
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Cecum/pathology
- Colon/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/etiology
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/pathology
- Erythrocyte Transfusion/adverse effects
- Humans
- Ileum/pathology
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/etiology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology
- Infant, Premature
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan MohanKumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Kopperuncholan Namachivayam
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Tanjing Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Byeong Jake Cha
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Andrea Slate
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jeanne E Hendrickson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33629, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Cardiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33629, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin A Torres
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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13
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Aggarwal S, Jilling T, Doran S, Ahmad I, Eagen JE, Gu S, Gillespie M, Albert CJ, Ford D, Oh JY, Patel RP, Matalon S. Phosgene inhalation causes hemolysis and acute lung injury. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:204-213. [PMID: 31047999 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phosgene (Carbonyl Chloride, COCl2) remains an important chemical intermediate in many industrial processes such as combustion of chlorinated hydrocarbons and synthesis of solvents (degreasers, cleaners). It is a sweet smelling gas, and therefore does not prompt escape by the victim upon exposure. Supplemental oxygen and ventilation are the only available management strategies. This study was aimed to delineate the pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers of acute lung injury post exposure to COCl2 gas. Adult male and female C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g), exposed to COCl2 gas (10 or 20 ppm) for 10 min in environmental chambers, had a dose dependent reduction in PaO2 and an increase in PaCO2, 1 day post exposure. However, mortality increased only in mice exposed to 20 ppm of COCl2 for 10 min. Correspondingly, these mice (20 ppm) also had severe acute lung injury as indicated by an increase in lung wet to dry weight ratio, extravasation of plasma proteins and neutrophils into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and an increase in total lung resistance. The increase in acute lung injury parameters in COCl2 (20 ppm, 10 min) exposed mice correlated with simultaneous increase in oxidation of red blood cells (RBC) membrane, RBC fragility, and plasma levels of cell-free heme. In addition, these mice had decreased plasmalogen levels (plasmenylethanolamine) and elevated levels of their breakdown product, polyunsaturated lysophosphatidylethanolamine, in the circulation suggesting damage to cellular plasma membranes. This study highlights the importance of free heme in the pathogenesis of COCl2 lung injury and identifies plasma membrane breakdown product as potential biomarkers of COCl2 toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Tamas Jilling
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Stephen Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Israr Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Jeannette E Eagen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Stephen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Mark Gillespie
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Mobile, AL, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Carolyn J Albert
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - David Ford
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Department of Pathology, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Pulmonary Injury and Repair Center, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, Birmingham, AL, 35205-3703, United States; University of South Alabama Health College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, United States; St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63104, United States.
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14
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Sun CW, Yang J, Kleschyov AL, Zhuge Z, Carlström M, Pernow J, Wajih N, Isbell TS, Oh JY, Cabrales P, Tsai AG, Townes T, Kim-Shapiro DB, Patel RP, Lundberg JO. Hemoglobin β93 Cysteine Is Not Required for Export of Nitric Oxide Bioactivity From the Red Blood Cell. Circulation 2019; 139:2654-2663. [PMID: 30905171 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.039284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrosation of a conserved cysteine residue at position 93 in the hemoglobin β chain (β93C) to form S-nitroso (SNO) hemoglobin (Hb) is claimed to be essential for export of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity by the red blood cell (RBC) to mediate hypoxic vasodilation and cardioprotection. METHODS To test this hypothesis, we used RBCs from mice in which the β93 cysteine had been replaced with alanine (β93A) in a number of ex vivo and in vivo models suitable for studying export of NO bioactivity. RESULTS In an ex vivo model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, perfusion of a mouse heart with control RBCs (β93C) pretreated with an arginase inhibitor to facilitate export of RBC NO bioactivity improved cardiac recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the response was similar with β93A RBCs. Next, when human platelets were coincubated with RBCs and then deoxygenated in the presence of nitrite, export of NO bioactivity was detected as inhibition of ADP-induced platelet activation. This effect was the same in β93C and β93A RBCs. Moreover, vascular reactivity was tested in rodent aortas in the presence of RBCs pretreated with S-nitrosocysteine or with hemolysates or purified Hb treated with authentic NO to form nitrosyl(FeII)-Hb, the proposed precursor of SNO-Hb. SNO-RBCs or NO-treated Hb induced vasorelaxation, with no differences between β93C and β93A RBCs. Finally, hypoxic microvascular vasodilation was studied in vivo with a murine dorsal skin-fold window model. Exposure to acute systemic hypoxia caused vasodilatation, and the response was similar in β93C and β93A mice. CONCLUSIONS RBCs clearly have the fascinating ability to export NO bioactivity, but this occurs independently of SNO formation at the β93 cysteine of Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jiangning Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Andrei L Kleschyov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.).,Freiberg Instruments GmbH, Freiberg, Germany (A.L.K.)
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden (J.Y., J.P.)
| | - Nadeem Wajih
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - T Scott Isbell
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, MO (T.S.I.)
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Pedro Cabrales
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Amy G Tsai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego (P.C., A.G.T.)
| | - Tim Townes
- Department of Biochemistry (C.W.S., T.T.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC (N.W., D.B.K.-S.)
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham.,Center for Free Radical Biology (J.-Y.O., R.P.P.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (A.L.K., Z.Z., M.C., J.O.L.)
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15
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Abstract
A method to acquire the Raman spectra of sub-surface components using diffusely focused radiation in a microscope sampling configuration is described. This procedure generates Raman scattering at various sample depths by producing a converging beam at the back aperture of the objective lens. This method requires illumination of the sample with a defocused laser, while simultaneously increasing the number of CCD pixels that are binned along the spatial axis of the detector. We applied this diffuse sampling method to the analysis of stored red blood cells (RBCs). During storage, biochemical changes to RBCs occur (the "storage lesion"). However, there are no existing non-invasive methods to assess this. We evaluated the instrumental parameters needed to maximize the diffusely scattered signal, including pixel binning, slit width, and bandwidth. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this diffuse resonance Raman spectroscopy (DRRS) method by detecting RBCs through a blood bag segment (1 mm wall thickness). We directly compared the DRRS method to the more common stand-off Raman spectroscopy (SORS) method using both 633 nm and 785 nm excitation. Time-dependent DRRS spectra were used in a multivariate model for classification of RBCs in polymer segments by storage age. Young (6-8 day) RBCs were differentiated from old (35-40) RBCs with 100% sensitivity and 98.5% selectivity. These data indicated that DRRS is a promising, non-invasive technique for acquiring the spectra of sub-surface components, and is particularly applicable when the underlying sample can be resonantly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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16
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic efficacy and safety of stored red blood cells (RBCs) relies on minimal in-bag hemolysis. The accuracy of current methods of measuring hemolysis can suffer as a result of specimen collection and processing artefacts. OBJECTIVE To test whether Raman spectroscopy could be used to assess hemolysis. METHODS RBCs were stored for as long as 42 days. Raman spectra of RBCs were measured before and after washing, and hemolysis was measured in supernatant by visible spectroscopy. RESULTS Raman spectra indicated increased concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb) and methemoglobin (metHb), and decreased membrane fluidity with storage age. Changes in oxyHb and metHb were associated with the intraerythrocytic and extracellular fractions, respectively. Hemolysis increased in a storage age-dependent manner. Changes in Raman bands reflective of oxyHb, metHb, and RBC membranes correlated with hemolysis; the most statistically significant change was an increased intensity of metHb and decreased membrane fluidity. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that Raman spectroscopy may offer a new label-free modality to assess RBC hemolysis during cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Gautam
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Chemistry Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Marisa B Marques
- Department of Chemistry Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Richard A Dluhy
- Department of Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Chemistry Pathology and Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Kim WY, Kang BJ, Chung CR, Park SH, Oh JY, Park SY, Cho WH, Sim YS, Cho YJ, Park S, Kim JH, Hong SB. Prone positioning before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective multicenter study. Med Intensiva 2018. [PMID: 29983197 DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2018.04.013.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subjected to prone positioning before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). DESIGN A retrospective analysis of a multicenter cohort was carried out. SETTING Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Units of 11 hospitals in Korea. PATIENTS Patients were divided into those who underwent prone positioning before ECMO (n=28) and those who did not (n=34). INTERVENTIONS None. VARIABLES OF INTEREST Thirty-day mortality, ECMO weaning failure rate, mechanical ventilation weaning success rate, mechanical ventilation-free days at day 60. RESULTS The prone group had lower median peak inspiratory pressure and lower median dynamic driving pressure before ECMO. Thirty-day mortality was 21% in the prone group and 41% in the non-prone group (p=0.098). The prone group also showed a lower ECMO weaning failure rate, and a higher mechanical ventilation weaning success rate and more mechanical ventilation-free days at day 60. In the non-prone group, median dynamic compliance marginally decreased shortly after ECMO, but no significant change was observed in the prone group. CONCLUSIONS Prone positioning before ECMO was not associated to increased mortality and tended to exert a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-Y Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - B J Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - C R Chung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Oh
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - W H Cho
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Sim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-J Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Wagener BM, Hu PJ, Oh JY, Evans CA, Richter JR, Honavar J, Brandon AP, Creighton J, Stephens SW, Morgan C, Dull RO, Marques MB, Kerby JD, Pittet JF, Patel RP. Role of heme in lung bacterial infection after trauma hemorrhage and stored red blood cell transfusion: A preclinical experimental study. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002522. [PMID: 29522519 PMCID: PMC5844517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trauma is the leading cause of death and disability in patients aged 1-46 y. Severely injured patients experience considerable blood loss and hemorrhagic shock requiring treatment with massive transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs). Preclinical and retrospective human studies in trauma patients have suggested that poorer therapeutic efficacy, increased severity of organ injury, and increased bacterial infection are associated with transfusion of large volumes of stored RBCs, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS AND FINDINGS We developed a murine model of trauma hemorrhage (TH) followed by resuscitation with plasma and leukoreduced RBCs (in a 1:1 ratio) that were banked for 0 (fresh) or 14 (stored) days. Two days later, lungs were infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa K-strain (PAK). Resuscitation with stored RBCs significantly increased the severity of lung injury caused by P. aeruginosa, as demonstrated by higher mortality (median survival 35 h for fresh RBC group and 8 h for stored RBC group; p < 0.001), increased pulmonary edema (mean [95% CI] 106.4 μl [88.5-124.3] for fresh RBCs and 192.5 μl [140.9-244.0] for stored RBCs; p = 0.003), and higher bacterial numbers in the lung (mean [95% CI] 1.2 × 10(7) [-1.0 × 10(7) to 2.5 × 10(7)] for fresh RBCs and 3.6 × 10(7) [2.5 × 10(7) to 4.7 × 10(7)] for stored RBCs; p = 0.014). The mechanism underlying this increased infection susceptibility and severity was free-heme-dependent, as recombinant hemopexin or pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) during TH and resuscitation completely prevented P. aeruginosa-induced mortality after stored RBC transfusion (p < 0.001 for all groups relative to stored RBC group). Evidence from studies transfusing fresh and stored RBCs mixed with stored and fresh RBC supernatants, respectively, indicated that heme arising both during storage and from RBC hemolysis post-resuscitation plays a role in increased mortality after PAK (p < 0.001). Heme also increased endothelial permeability and inhibited macrophage-dependent phagocytosis in cultured cells. Stored RBCs also increased circulating high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1; mean [95% CI] 15.4 ng/ml [6.7-24.0] for fresh RBCs and 50.3 ng/ml [12.3-88.2] for stored RBCs), and anti-HMGB1 blocking antibody protected against PAK-induced mortality in vivo (p = 0.001) and restored macrophage-dependent phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa in vitro. Finally, we showed that TH patients, admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham ER between 1 January 2015 and 30 April 2016 (n = 50), received high micromolar-millimolar levels of heme proportional to the number of units transfused, sufficient to overwhelm endogenous hemopexin levels early after TH and resuscitation. Limitations of the study include lack of assessment of temporal changes in different products of hemolysis after resuscitation and the small sample size precluding testing of associations between heme levels and adverse outcomes in resuscitated TH patients. CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence that large volume resuscitation with stored blood, compared to fresh blood, in mice increases mortality from subsequent pneumonia, which occurs via mechanisms sensitive to hemopexin and TLR4 and HMGB1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant M. Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Parker J. Hu
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Cilina A. Evans
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jillian R. Richter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jaideep Honavar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Angela P. Brandon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Judy Creighton
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shannon W. Stephens
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Charity Morgan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Randal O. Dull
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Marisa B. Marques
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Kerby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (J-FP); (RPP)
| | - Rakesh P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (J-FP); (RPP)
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19
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Oh JY, Hamm J, Xu X, Genschmer K, Zhong M, Lebensburger J, Marques MB, Kerby JD, Pittet JF, Gaggar A, Patel RP. Absorbance and redox based approaches for measuring free heme and free hemoglobin in biological matrices. Redox Biol 2016; 9:167-177. [PMID: 27566280 PMCID: PMC5007433 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-free heme (CFH) and hemoglobin (Hb) have emerged as distinct mediators of acute injury characterized by inflammation and microcirculatory dysfunction in hemolytic conditions and critical illness. Several reports have shown changes in Hb and CFH in specific pathophysiological settings. Using PBS, plasma from patients with sickle cell disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients and supernatants from red cells units, we found that commonly used assays and commercially available kits do not distinguish between CFH and Hb. Furthermore, they suffer from a variety of false-positive interferences and limitations (including from bilirubin) that lead to either over- or underestimation of CFH and/or Hb. Moreover, commonly used protocols to separate CFH and Hb based on molecular weight (MWt) are inefficient due to CFH hydrophobicity. In this study, we developed and validated a new approach based on absorbance spectrum deconvolution with least square fitting analyses that overcomes these limitations and simultaneously measures CFH and Hb in simple aqueous buffers, plasma or when associated with red cell derived microvesicles. We show how incorporating other plasma factors that absorb light over the visible wavelength range (specifically bilirubin), coupled with truncating the wavelength range analyzed, or addition of mild detergent significantly improves fits allowing measurement of oxyHb, CFH and metHb with >90% accuracy. When this approach was applied to samples from SCD patients, we observed that CFH levels are higher than previously reported and of similar magnitude to Hb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Yeun Oh
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jennifer Hamm
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Xin Xu
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Kristopher Genschmer
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Ming Zhong
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Cardiology, Qili Hospital of Shandong University, China
| | - Jeffrey Lebensburger
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Marisa B Marques
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Kerby
- Departments of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Departments of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Amit Gaggar
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham VA Medical Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
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20
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Oh JY, Sim JK, Jung WJ, Min KH, Lee EJ, Hur GY, Lee SY, Lee SY, Kwon AM, Kim JH, Shin C, Shim JJ, In KH, Kang KH, Lee SH. Association between interleukin-27 polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2016; 19:702-8. [PMID: 25946363 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.14.0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of interleukin (IL) 27 -964A/G, 2095T/G, 4603G/A and 4730T/C gene polymorphisms on the development of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), radiographic characteristics and severity. DESIGN Differences in the allele and genotype distributions of the -964A/G, 2095T/G, 4603G/A and 4730T/C polymorphisms between 224 PTB patients and 233 healthy controls, between patients with single- and multi-lobe involvement, and between patients with and without cavitation, were investigated. Serum IL-27 concentration was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the allele or genotype distributions between PTB patients and healthy controls. However, the -964A/A genotype was more prevalent in patients with single-lobe involvement than the -964A/G or -964G/G genotype in patients with multi-lobe involvement (50.0% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.01). There was no difference between patients with and without cavitation (P > 0.05). Serum median IL-27 concentration was significantly higher in patients with single-lobe involvement than in those with multi-lobe involvement (P = 0.03) and in those with -964A/A genotypes than in those with -964A/G or -964G/G genotypes (P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS In terms of serum IL-27 levels, the -964 A/A genotype may be associated with a protective role that prevents the intrapulmonary spread of PTB rather than its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Sim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W J Jung
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Min
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E J Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Y Hur
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Kwon
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - C Shin
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - J J Shim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H In
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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21
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Stapley R, Rodriguez C, Oh JY, Honavar J, Brandon A, Wagener BM, Marques MB, Weinberg JA, Kerby JD, Pittet JF, Patel RP. Red blood cell washing, nitrite therapy, and antiheme therapies prevent stored red blood cell toxicity after trauma-hemorrhage. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 85:207-18. [PMID: 25933588 PMCID: PMC4508223 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging properties of stored RBCs are thought to underlie this association. In this study we determined the effects of RBC washing and nitrite and antiheme therapy on stored RBC-dependent toxicity in the setting of trauma-induced hemorrhage. A murine (C57BL/6) model of trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation with 1 or 3 units of RBCs stored for 0-10 days was used. Tested variables included washing RBCs to remove lower MW components that scavenge NO, NO-repletion therapy using nitrite, or mitigation of free heme toxicity by heme scavenging or preventing TLR4 activation. Stored RBC toxicity was determined by assessment of acute lung injury indices (airway edema and inflammation) and survival. Transfusion with 5 day RBCs increased acute lung injury indexed by BAL protein and neutrophil accumulation. Washing 5 day RBCs prior to transfusion did not decrease this injury, whereas nitrite therapy did. Transfusion with 10 day RBCs elicited a more severe injury resulting in ~90% lethality, compared to <15% with 5 day RBCs. Both washing and nitrite therapy significantly protected against 10 day RBC-induced lethality, suggesting that washing may be protective when the injury stimulus is more severe. Finally, a spectral deconvolution assay was developed to simultaneously measure free heme and hemoglobin in stored RBC supernatants, which demonstrated significant increases of both in stored human and mouse RBCs. Transfusion with free heme partially recapitulated the toxicity mediated by stored RBCs. Furthermore, inhibition of TLR4 signaling, which is stimulated by heme, using TAK-242, or hemopexin-dependent sequestration of free heme significantly protected against both 5 day and 10 day mouse RBC-dependent toxicity. These data suggest that RBC washing, nitrite therapy, and/or antiheme and TLR4 strategies may prevent stored RBC toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Stapley
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Cilina Rodriguez
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaideep Honavar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Angela Brandon
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Brant M Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Marisa B Marques
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jordan A Weinberg
- Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Kerby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jean-Francois Pittet
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Center for Free Radical Biology and Pulmonary Injury Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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22
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Oh JY, Stapley R, Harper V, Marques MB, Patel RP. Predicting storage-dependent damage to red blood cells using nitrite oxidation kinetics, peroxiredoxin-2 oxidation, and hemoglobin and free heme measurements. Transfusion 2015. [PMID: 26202471 DOI: 10.1111/trf.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Storage-dependent damage to red blood cells (RBCs) varies significantly. Identifying RBC units that will undergo higher levels of hemolysis during storage may allow for more efficient inventory management decision-making. Oxidative-stress mediates storage-dependent damage to RBCs and will depend on the oxidant:antioxidant balance. We reasoned that this balance or redox tone will serve as a determinant of how a given RBC unit stores and that its assessment in "young" RBCs will predict storage-dependent hemolysis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS RBCs were sampled from bags and segments stored for 7 to 42 days. Redox tone was assessed by nitrite oxidation kinetics and peroxiredoxin-2 (Prx-2) oxidation. In parallel, hemolysis was assessed by measuring cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) and free heme (hemin). Correlation analyses were performed to determine if Day 7 measurements predicted either the level of hemolysis at Day 35 or the increase in hemolysis during storage. RESULTS Higher Day 7 Prx-2 oxidation was associated with higher Day 35 Prx-2 oxidation, suggesting that early assessment of this variable may identify RBCs that will incur the most oxidative damage during storage. RBCs that oxidized nitrite faster on Day 7 were associated with the greatest levels of storage-dependent hemolysis and increases in Prx-2 oxidation. An inverse relationship between storage-dependent changes in oxyhemoglobin and free heme was observed underscoring an unappreciated reciprocity between these molecular species. Moreover, free heme was higher in the bag compared to paired segments, with opposite trends observed for free Hb. CONCLUSION Measurement of Prx-2 oxidation and nitrite oxidation kinetics early during RBC storage may predict storage-dependent damage to RBC including hemolysis-dependent formation of free Hb and heme.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology.,Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Vayalil PK, Oh JY, Zhou F, Diers AR, Smith MR, Golzarian H, Oliver PG, Smith RAJ, Murphy MP, Velu SE, Landar A. A novel class of mitochondria-targeted soft electrophiles modifies mitochondrial proteins and inhibits mitochondrial metabolism in breast cancer cells through redox mechanisms. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120460. [PMID: 25785718 PMCID: PMC4364723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in screening and treatment over the past several years, breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among women in the United States. A major goal in breast cancer treatment is to develop safe and clinically useful therapeutic agents that will prevent the recurrence of breast cancers after front-line therapeutics have failed. Ideally, these agents would have relatively low toxicity against normal cells, and will specifically inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Our group and others have previously demonstrated that breast cancer cells exhibit increased mitochondrial oxygen consumption compared with non-tumorigenic breast epithelial cells. This suggests that it may be possible to deliver redox active compounds to the mitochondria to selectively inhibit cancer cell metabolism. To demonstrate proof-of-principle, a series of mitochondria-targeted soft electrophiles (MTSEs) has been designed which selectively accumulate within the mitochondria of highly energetic breast cancer cells and modify mitochondrial proteins. A prototype MTSE, IBTP, significantly inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, cell attachment, and migration in vitro. These results suggest MTSEs may represent a novel class of anti-cancer agents that prevent cancer cell growth by modification of specific mitochondrial proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K Vayalil
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anne R Diers
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - M Ryan Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hafez Golzarian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Patsy G Oliver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Robin A J Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Sadanandan E Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Aimee Landar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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24
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Honavar J, Doran S, Oh JY, Steele C, Matalon S, Patel RP. Nitrite therapy improves survival postexposure to chlorine gas. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L888-94. [PMID: 25326579 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00079.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to relatively high levels of chlorine (Cl₂) gas can occur in mass-casualty scenarios associated with accidental or intentional release. Recent studies have shown a significant postexposure injury phase to the airways, pulmonary, and systemic vasculatures mediated in part by oxidative stress, inflammation, and dysfunction in endogenous nitric oxide homeostasis pathways. However, there is a need for therapeutics that are amenable to rapid and easy administration in the field and that display efficacy toward toxicity after chlorine exposure. In this study, we tested whether nitric oxide repletion using nitrite, by intramuscular injection after Cl₂ exposure, could prevent Cl₂ gas toxicity. C57bl/6 male mice were exposed to 600 parts per million Cl₂ gas for 45 min, and 24-h survival was determined with or without postexposure intramuscular nitrite injection. A single injection of nitrite (10 mg/kg) administered either 30 or 60 min postexposure significantly improved 24-h survival (from ∼20% to 50%). Survival was associated with decreased neutrophil accumulation in the airways. Rendering mice neutropenic before Cl₂ exposure improved survival and resulted in loss of nitrite-dependent survival protection. Interestingly, female mice were more sensitive to Cl₂-induced toxicity compared with males and were also less responsive to postexposure nitrite therapy. These data provide evidence for efficacy and define therapeutic parameters for a single intramuscular injection of nitrite as a therapeutic after Cl₂ gas exposure that is amenable to administration in mass-casualty scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaideep Honavar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephen Doran
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Center for Free Radical Biology and Lung Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rakesh P Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Center for Free Radical Biology and Lung Injury and Repair Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Wall SB, Oh JY, Diers AR, Landar A. Oxidative modification of proteins: an emerging mechanism of cell signaling. Front Physiol 2012; 3:369. [PMID: 23049513 PMCID: PMC3442266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There are a wide variety of reactive species which can affect cell function, including reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and lipid species. Some are formed endogenously through enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways, and others are introduced through diet or environmental exposure. Many of these reactive species can interact with biomolecules and can result in oxidative post-translational modification of proteins. It is well documented that some oxidative modifications cause macromolecular damage and cell death. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that certain classes of reactive species initiate cell signaling by reacting with specific side chains of peptide residues without causing cell death. This process is generally termed "redox signaling," and its role in physiological and pathological processes is a subject of active investigation. This review will give an overview of oxidative protein modification as a mechanism of redox signaling, including types of reactive species and how they modify proteins, examples of modified proteins, and a discussion about the current concepts in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Wall
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA ; Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, AL, USA
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Oh JY, Kang MS, Yoon H, Choi HW, An BK, Shin EG, Kim YJ, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. The embryo lethality of Escherichia coli isolates and its relationship to the presence of virulence-associated genes. Poult Sci 2012; 91:370-5. [PMID: 22252350 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine if the chicken embryo lethality assay and the presence of 9 virulence-associated genes of Escherichia coli were correlated and to discover which virulence genes contributed most to embryo lethality. We examined 58 E. coli strains isolated from visceral organs of chickens with colibacillosis for the presence of 9 virulence genes (fimC, tsh, fyuA, irp2, iucD, cvi/cva, iss, astA, and vat) by PCR. The gene FimC (type I fimbriae) was detected with the highest prevalence in 93.1% of the isolates, followed by iucD (67.24%), iss (58.62%), tsh (34.48%), cvi/cva (34.48%), fyuA (32.76%), astA (31.0%), irp2 (27.59%), and vat (17.24%). The embryo mortality ranged from 5 to 100%; however, most of the isolates were moderately or highly virulent. High positive correlations were observed between the presence of virulence genes and chicken embryo lethality. In addition, presence of the iucD (aerobactin) gene was the trait that best contributed to embryo mortality by using the multivariate model. These results suggest that expression frequency of these 9 virulence genes is associated with embryo mortality, and the gene that best predicted embryo mortality was iucD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Animal, Plant and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency, Anyang, Kyunggi, Korea
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Oh JY, Kang MS, Kim JM, An BK, Song EA, Kim JY, Shin EG, Kim MJ, Kwon JH, Kwon YK. Characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from laying hens with colibacillosis on 2 commercial egg-producing farms in Korea. Poult Sci 2011; 90:1948-54. [PMID: 21844259 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2011-01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reports on layer chickens with colibacillosis in 2 commercial egg-producing farms (referred to as farm A and farm B, which were managed by the same owner and were about 1 km apart) in the middle region of the Korean peninsula. The 2 flocks were infected at the initiation of egg laying. They were characterized by no previous clinical signs but sudden mortality (2.7-4.0%), with severe lesions of septicemia and fibrinous polyserositis. Escherichia coli was isolated from the lesions of the infected birds. Serotyping tests identified isolates that belonged to somatic groups O1 (12/17), O46 (2/17), O78 (1/17), and O84 (1/17) or that were unidentified (1/17). Thirteen of 17 E. coli isolates (76.4%) obtained from 11 birds in the 2 flocks showed similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns that were arbitrarily designated as pattern A. The isolates had high frequencies of putative virulence genes including 100% [fimC (type 1 fimbriae), iucD (aerobactin synthesis), and iss (increased serum survival)], 94.1% [cva/cvi (structural genes of colicin V operon) and vat (vacuolating autotransporter toxin)], 88.2% [irp2, iron-repressible protein (yersinia bactin) synthesis, and fyuA, ferric yersinia uptake], and 82.3% [tsh (temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin)]; astA (encoding a heat-stable cytotoxin associated with enteroaggregative E. coli) was not associated with the enteric disorder. These data suggest that all chickens with colibacillosis on farms A and B were likely infected by E. coli strains that are highly pathogenic in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Kyunggi 430-824, Korea
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Hill BG, Reily C, Oh JY, Johnson MS, Landar A. Methods for the determination and quantification of the reactive thiol proteome. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:675-83. [PMID: 19527783 PMCID: PMC2759107 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Protein thiol modifications occur under both physiological and pathological conditions and have been shown to contribute to changes in protein structure, function, and redox signaling. The majority of protein thiol modifications occur on cysteine residues that have a low pK(a); these nucleophilic proteins comprise the "reactive thiol proteome." The most reactive members of this proteome are typically low-abundance proteins. Therefore, sensitive and quantitative methods are needed to detect and measure thiol modifications in biological samples. To accomplish this, we have standardized the usage of biotinylated and fluorophore-labeled alkylating agents, such as biotinylated iodoacetamide (IAM) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and BODIPY-labeled IAM and NEM, for use in one- and two-dimensional proteomic strategies. Purified fractions of cytochrome c and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were conjugated to a known amount of biotin or BODIPY fluorophore to create an external standard that can be run on standard SDS-PAGE gels, which allows for the quantification of protein thiols from biological samples by Western blotting or fluorescence imaging. A detailed protocol is provided for using thiol-reactive probes and making external standards for visualizing and measuring protein thiol modifications in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Hill
- Center for Free Radical Biology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0022, USA
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Higdon AN, Dranka BP, Hill BG, Oh JY, Johnson MS, Landar A, Darley-Usmar VM. Methods for imaging and detecting modification of proteins by reactive lipid species. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 47:201-12. [PMID: 19446632 PMCID: PMC2727357 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 05/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation are generated in a wide range of pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Many oxidized lipids contain reactive functional groups that can modify proteins, change their structure and function, and affect cell signaling. However, intracellular localization and protein adducts of reactive lipids have been difficult to detect, and the methods of detection rely largely on antibodies raised against specific lipid-protein adducts. As an alternative approach to monitoring oxidized lipids in cultured cells, we have tagged the lipid peroxidation substrate arachidonic acid and an electrophilic lipid, 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin-J2 (15d-PGJ2), with either biotin or the fluorophore BODIPY. Tagged arachidonic acid can be used in combination with conditions of oxidant stress or inflammation to assess the subcellular localization and protein modification by oxidized lipids generated in situ. Furthermore, we show that reactive lipid oxidation products such as 15d-PGJ2 can also be labeled and used in fluorescence and Western blotting applications. This article describes the synthesis, purification, and selected application of these tagged lipids in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- Corresponding author: Victor M. Darley-Usmar, PhD, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Biomedical Research Building II, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, Tel: 205-975-9686, Fax: 205-934-1775, e-mail:
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Abstract
We admixed cultured porcine keratocytes or corneal endothelial cells in the presence of human sera or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for 4 to 72 hours to investigate their immune-related susceptibilities to xeno-related rejection. We evaluated complement deposition at 48 hours by flow cytometry after staining with the C3 anti-goat cy3 antibody. The inhibition of proliferation of porcine corneal cells by human sera was examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethy/thiazol-2,5-dephenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay over 24 to 72 hours. The amount of 51chromium (Cr)-release was estimated after a reaction between the porcine cells and human PBMCs for 4 hours. There was greater C3 deposition in keratocytes (60.2%) than in endothelial cells (26.9%; P = .05, Mann-Whitney U test). Both keratocytes and endothelial cells showed significant levels of proliferative inhibition over a period of 72 hours. The number of 51Cr-release cells on interleukin-2 addition was significantly higher among keratocytes (88.0%) than endothelial cells (51.4%) at a 1:100 target:effector ratio (P = .04, Mann-Whitney U test). Our present data suggested that porcine keratocytes might be key target cells in xeno-related rejections when the porcine cornea is transplanted to primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- JooYeun Oh
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- H-S Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam University Hospitals 640, Daesa-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 301-721, Korea
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Oh JY, Lim S, Kim DJ, Kim NH, Kim DJ, Moon SD, Jang HC, Cho YM, Song KH, Park KS. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in Korea: a pooled analysis of four community-based cohort studies. Diabet Med 2007; 24:217-8. [PMID: 17257287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2007.02051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kim JH, Oh JY, Park BH, Lee DE, Kim JS, Park HE, Roh MS, Je JE, Yoon JH, Thorne SH, Kirn D, Hwang TH. Systemic armed oncolytic and immunologic therapy for cancer with JX-594, a targeted poxvirus expressing GM-CSF. Mol Ther 2006; 14:361-70. [PMID: 16905462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2006.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted oncolytic viruses and immunostimulatory therapeutics are being developed as novel cancer treatment platforms. These approaches can be combined through the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines from targeted viruses, including adenoviruses and herpesviruses. Although intratumoral injection of such viruses has been associated with tumor growth inhibition, eradication of distant metastases was not reported. The major limitations for this approach to date have been (1) inefficient intravenous virus delivery to tumors and (2) the lack of predictive, immunocompetent preclinical models. To overcome these hurdles, we developed JX-594, a targeted, thymidine kinase(-) vaccinia virus expressing human GM-CSF (hGM-CSF), for intravenous (i.v.) delivery. We evaluated two immunocompetent liver tumor models: a rabbit model with reproducible, time-dependent metastases to the lungs and a carcinogen-induced rat liver cancer model. Intravenous JX-594 was well tolerated and had highly significant efficacy, including complete responses, against intrahepatic primary tumors in both models. In addition, whereas lung metastases developed in all control rabbits, none of the i.v. JX-594-treated rabbits developed detectable metastases. Tumor-specific virus replication and gene expression, systemically detectable levels of hGM-CSF, and tumor-infiltrating CTLs were also demonstrated. JX-594 holds promise as an i.v.-delivered, targeted virotherapeutic. These two tumor models hold promise for the optimization of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and MRCCMT, Dong-A University Medical College, Busan 604-714, South Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide on the corneal endothelium in rabbit eyes. METHODS Triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml, 0.2 cm3) after filtering and resuspension in balanced salt solution (BSS) was injected intracamerally for 3 min into 10 rabbit eyes and irrigated with 5 cm(3) of BSS. Triamcinolone without resuspension and BSS were injected, respectively, into five rabbit eyes. Endothelial toxicity was evaluated and compared by measurements of endothelial cell counts and central corneal thickness. The endothelial viability was determined using vital staining with alizarin red and trypan blue at 2 h after injection. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed in one cornea from each group. RESULTS Endothelial cell counts and central corneal thickness following intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide did not significantly change when compared to controls. The mean percentage of viable endothelial cells was 99.50, 99.52, and 99.49% in the resuspended triamcinolone group, triamcinolone without resuspension group, and BSS group, respectively (P=0.46, Kruskall-Wallis test). But SEM showed reduced microvilli of endothelial surface in an eye of the triamcinolone without resuspension group. CONCLUSIONS The intracameral injection of triamcinolone acetonide did not induce a significant visible change of endothelium in rabbit eyes. However, ultrastructural villi changes observed suggest a possibility of microstructural damages in endothelium with triamcinolone acetonide injection when used without filtering and resuspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul Artificial Eye Center, Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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Landar A, Shiva S, Levonen AL, Oh JY, Zaragoza C, Johnson M, Darley-Usmar V. Induction of the permeability transition and cytochrome c release by 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 in mitochondria. Biochem J 2006; 394:185-95. [PMID: 16268779 PMCID: PMC1386016 DOI: 10.1042/bj20051259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrophilic lipid 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) is known to allow adaptation to oxidative stress in cells at low concentrations and apoptosis at high levels. The mechanisms leading to adaptation involve the covalent modification of regulatory proteins, such as Keap1, and augmentation of antioxidant defences in the cell. The targets leading to apoptosis are less well defined, but mitochondria have been indirectly implicated in the mechanisms of cell death mediated by electrophilic lipids. To determine the potential of electrophilic cyclopentenones to induce pro-apoptotic effects in the mitochondrion, we used isolated liver mitochondria and demonstrated that 15d-PGJ2 promotes Ca2+-induced mitochondrial swelling and cytochrome c release. The mechanisms involved are consistent with direct modification of protein thiols in the mitochondrion, rather than secondary formation of reactive oxygen species or lipid peroxidation. Using proteomic analysis in combination with biotinylated 15d-PGJ2, we were able to identify 17 potential targets of the electrophile-responsive proteome in isolated liver mitochondria. Taken together, these results suggest that electrophilic lipid oxidation products can target a sub-proteome in mitochondria, and this in turn results in the transduction of the electrophilic stimulus to the cell through cytochrome c release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Landar
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
- †Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Sruti Shiva
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Joo-Yeun Oh
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Corinne Zaragoza
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Michelle S. Johnson
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
| | - Victor M. Darley-Usmar
- *Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
- †Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Landar A, Oh JY, Giles NM, Isom A, Kirk M, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar VM. A sensitive method for the quantitative measurement of protein thiol modification in response to oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2006; 40:459-68. [PMID: 16443161 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 08/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The combination of proteomics with highly specific and sensitive affinity techniques is important for the identification of posttranslational modifications by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). One of the most pressing problems with this approach is to determine accurately the extent of modification of specific amino acids, such as cysteine residues, in a complex protein sample. A number of techniques relevant to free radical biology use biotin tagging as a method to follow protein modification with high sensitivity and specificity. To realize the potential of this approach to provide quantitative data, we have prepared a series of biotinylated proteins through the modification of lysine residues. These proteins were then used as quantitative standards in electrophoretic separation of protein samples labeled with biotin-conjugated iodoacetamide. The utility of the approach was assessed by measuring modification of thiols in response to exposure to thiol oxidants, as well as the amount of protein adduct formation with a biotin-tagged electrophilic lipid. Furthermore, using a combination of native and biotin-tagged cytochrome c, this method was used to quantitate the amount of thiol relative to the amount of protein in a given spot on a two-dimensional gel. Thus, we have developed a versatile, cost-effective standard that can be used in proteomic methods to quantitate biotin tags in response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Landar
- Department of Pathology, Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE Few reports have included large numbers of exotropia patients. Thus, we undertook this study to perform a survival analysis of over 350 patients with exotropia and to determine which factors might affect the outcome of exotropia surgery. METHODS The clinical records of 365 patients who underwent exotropia surgery by one surgeon were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative patient characteristics, surgical procedures performed, and early postoperative ocular alignment were evaluated as potential risk factors of surgical outcome using survival analysis. RESULTS The estimated median time from surgery to recurrence was 48.3 months. None of the characteristics or procedures were found to be significantly associated with surgical outcome. The likelihood of a good postoperative surgical outcome was highest with an initial postoperative alignment of more than 10 prism diopters of esotropia (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early postoperative overcorrection was the only predictor of a successful long-term outcome after exotropia surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Shiva S, Oh JY, Landar AL, Ulasova E, Venkatraman A, Bailey SM, Darley-Usmar VM. Nitroxia: the pathological consequence of dysfunction in the nitric oxide-cytochrome c oxidase signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2005; 38:297-306. [PMID: 15629859 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 10/26/2004] [Accepted: 10/27/2004] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is now recognized that mitochondria play an integral role in orchestrating the response of the cell to a wide variety of metabolic and environmental stressors. Of particular interest are the interactions of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species with the organelle and their potential regulatory function. The best understood example is the O(2) sensitive binding of NO (nitric oxide) to the heme group in cytochrome c oxidase. We have proposed that this reversible process serves the function of both regulating the formation of hydrogen peroxide from the respiratory chain for the purposes of signal transduction and controlling O(2) gradients in complex organs such as the liver or heart. It now appears that maladaptation in this pathway leads to a mitochondrial dysfunction which has some of the characteristics of hypoxia, such as a deficit in ATP, but occurs in the presence of normal or enhanced levels of O(2). These are the optimal conditions for the formation of reactive nitrogen species (RNS), such as peroxynitrite which lead to the irreversible modification of proteins. We term this unique pathological condition Nitroxia and describe how it may contribute to the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases using ethanol-dependent hepatotoxicity as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, BMR II, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Abstract
Pulmonary tuberculomas are well-circumscribed masses caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the response of tuberculomas to anti-tuberculous (TB) treatment has not been well defined as yet. The response of pulmonary tuberculomas to anti-TB treatment was retrospectively reviewed in 45 patients diagnosed between January 1997 and December 2001. The areas of pulmonary tuberculomas were estimated by calculating products of the longest and their perpendicular short diameters on chest radiographs. The response to anti-TB treatment was categorised as "decreased" (> 25% reduction in area versus its initial area), "increased" (> 251% increase) and "no change" (the remainder). The mean of treatment duration was 11.5 +/- 3.6 months. Three months after treatment, 18 patients (40.0%) were categorised as decreased, 25 (55.6%) as no change and two (4.4%) as increased. Twelve months after treatment, out of 42 patients available for chest radiographs, 32 patients (76.2%) were categorised as decreased, nine (21.4%) as no change and one patient (2.4%) as increased. At the last follow-up (mean follow-up 27.0 +/- 10.2 months), 37 patients (82.2%) were categorised as decreased. The majority of pulmonary tuberculomas were decreased by anti-tuberculosis treatment during and even after treatment, although a transient enlargement during the early period of treatment was observed infrequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Lee
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine and Lung Institute of Medical Research Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park JC, Lee JC, Oh JY, Jeong YW, Cho JW, Joo HS, Lee WK, Lee WB. Antibiotic selective pressure for the maintenance of antibiotic resistant genes in coliform bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:249-253. [PMID: 12639037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coliform bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment were investigated for antibiotic susceptibility and detailed structures of class 1 integrons. A high proportion of isolates were found to be resistant to sulfamethoxazole, aminoglycosides, and beta-lactams. The 750 (53.6%) isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested out of 1,400 coliform bacteria. Based on the MIC of antibiotics and antibiogram, 150 isolates were selected and further studied for class 1 integrons. The intI1 gene was found in 36 (24.0%) of the 150 isolates. Twelve isolates carried the gene cassettes responsible for antibiotic resistance, while no gene cassettes were found in 24 isolates. Seven different genes, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA17, aaA2, aaA5, and aad(3'), were detected in gene cassettes. The dfrA and aad genes located on class 1 integrons were responsible for resistance to trimethoprim and aminoglycosides. The remaining 24 coliform bacteria had the incomplete or non-functional class 1 integrons. These results indicated that antibiotic selective pressures may play an important role to maintain gene cassettes of class 1 integrons and in the absence of sustained antibiotic pressures, such as the aquatic environment, coliform bacteria may carry empty or non-functional class 1 integrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Park
- Dept of Microbiology, Seonam University, Chunpook, 590-711, Korea.
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Cho JW, Jeong YW, Kim KS, Oh JY, Park JC, Lee JC, Baek WK, Suh SI, Suh MH. p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2 and CDK4 protein during HL-60 cell differentiation by TPA treatment. Cell Prolif 2001; 34:267-74. [PMID: 11591175 PMCID: PMC6495204 DOI: 10.1046/j.0960-7722.2001.00208.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPA-treated HL-60 cells are mainly arrested in G1 by p21(WAF1) accumulation. We investigate the downstream changes following such accumulation. Increased p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2 and CDK4. pRb is dephosphorylated in the presence of p21-CDK2/4 complexes, and the Rb-E2F1 complex increases after TPA treatment, whereas the Rb-HDAC1 complex decreases slightly. Our results suggest that increased p21(WAF1) is associated with CDK2/4, and that these complexes induce pRb dephosphorylation. In turn, hypophosphorylated pRb are mainly complexed with E2F1, but HDAC1 appears not to be a key component in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Kwangchi-Dong 720, Namwon, Chunpook 590-711, Korea
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Lee MJ, Oh JY, Park HT, Uhlinger DJ, Kwak JY. Enhancement of phospholipase D activity by overexpression of amyloid precursor protein in P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells. Neurosci Lett 2001; 315:159-63. [PMID: 11716987 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(01)02339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that phospholipase D (PLD) activity is stimulated by the beta-amyloid protein in neuronal cells. The aim of this study was to determine whether overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) affects the activity and the level of PLD expression in P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. We observed that the unstimulated basal PLD activity was higher in wild-type APP(695)-transfected cells than in non-transfected control cells. The protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), has been shown to activate PLD. PMA-stimulated PLD activity was 3-fold higher in the APP overexpressing cells than in the control cells. P19 cells express two distinct PLD isozymes, PLD1 and PLD2. The level of PLD2 expression was increased by APP overexpression. Although the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, inhibited PMA-stimulated PLD activity, it did not affect the high basal PLD activity induced by APP overexpression. Neuronal differentiation of the P19 cells by retinoic acid did not affect the basal or PMA stimulated-PLD activity. Interestingly, APP overexpression in the differentiated P19 cells also led to an increase in PLD activity. The PLD activity of the P19 cells is apparently regulated by amyloid protein through both PKC-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dong-A University College of Medicine and Dong-A University Institute of Medical Science, Seo-Ku, Pusan 602-103, South Korea
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Abstract
Epithelial cell death induced by Acinetobacter baumannii infection was investigated using in vitro assays. Eight hours after live A. baumannii infection, HeLa cells exhibited detachment from the dish, rounding morphologies, high proportions of trypan blue-positive cells and extensive DNA breakdown with faint apoptotic banding, which is indicative of cells undergoing apoptosis. The enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was increased in cells as early as 2 h after infection. In addition, apoptosis of HeLa cells was induced by treatment with bacterial culture filtrates but not with formalin-killed bacteria. These results indicate that A. baumannii infection triggers apoptosis in HeLa cells through caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Chunpook, Korea.
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Abstract
Association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism and lipid levels was studied in 164 nondiabetic first-degree relatives of persons with diabetes and 962 nondiabetic persons with no family history of diabetes. Sex-specific genotypic distribution of apoE polymorphism did not differ between persons with and without a family history of diabetes. In first-degree relatives, lipid levels did not differ among persons with apoE2 (E2/2, E2/3), apoE3/3, and apoE4 (E4/4, E3/4) after adjusting for age, waist circumference, smoking, and alcohol and estrogen use. In persons without a family history of diabetes, both men (p<0.01) and women (p<0.001) with apoE2 showed lower levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with persons with apoE3/3 and apoE4. In women with a family history of diabetes, persons with apoE4 had larger waist circumference (p<0.05). ApoE2 allele is associated with more favorable levels of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in men and women without a family history of diabetes. ApoE4 allele is associated with obesity independent of dyslipidemia in women but not men with a family history of diabetes. ApoE polymorphism is not associated with lipids in men or women with a family history of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0607, USA
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Lee JC, Oh JY, Cho JW, Park JC, Kim JM, Seol SY, Cho DT. The prevalence of trimethoprim-resistance-conferring dihydrofolate reductase genes in urinary isolates of Escherichia coli in Korea. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47:599-604. [PMID: 11328770 DOI: 10.1093/jac/47.5.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One-hundred and twenty-two urinary isolates of Escherichia coli were studied for trimethoprim resistance. Seventy-seven (63.1%) of the 122 isolates were found to be resistant to trimethoprim. Of the 77 trimethoprim-resistant isolates, 75 dfr genes were detected in 72 isolates as follows: the dfrA17 gene was the most prevalent, being found in 27 isolates, followed by dfrA12 in 26, dfrA1 in 15, dfrA5 in four and dfrA7 in three. Southern blot and PCR mapping analysis revealed that all of the dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA5 and dfrA7 genes were located on class 1 integrons. The dfrA1 gene inserted as a gene cassette in class 1 integrons was found in 10 of 15 isolates, and the intI2 gene of Tn7 was detected in two out of five isolates. In conjugation experiments, the dfr genes inserted in class 1 integrons were transferred to a recipient E. coli in 32 (42.7%) of the 75 dfr genes. In conclusion, the dfrA17 and dfrA12 genes were the most prevalent genes responsible for trimethoprim resistance in urinary tract isolates of E. coli from Korea and the dfr genes inserted in integrons are more widespread than those that are not related to gene cassettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Chunpook 590-711, Korea.
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Song J, Oh JY, Sung YA, Pak YK, Park KS, Lee HK. Peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA content is related to insulin sensitivity in offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2001; 24:865-9. [PMID: 11347745 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.24.5.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the peripheral blood mtDNA (pb-mtDNA) content is decreased and linked to insulin resistance in the offspring of type 2 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 82 offspring of type 2 diabetic patients and 52 age-, sex-, and BMI-matched normal subjects from the Mokdong, Korea, population were selected for this study by stratified, randomized sampling. Of the offspring of diabetic patients, 52 had normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 21 had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 9 had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The pb-mtDNA content was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction with a mitochondria-specific fluorescent probe, normalized by a nuclear DNA, 285 rRNA gene. The associations between pb-mtDNA content and several parameters of insulin resistance were studied. RESULTS The pb-mtDNA contents tended to be lower in the 82 offspring of type 2 diabetic patients (1,084.7 +/- 62.6 vs. 1,304.0 +/- 99.2 in the offspring and control subjects, respectively, P = 0.051) and was significantly lower in the combined NGT and IGT offspring group (NGT+IGT, 1,068.0 +/- 67.8, P < 0.05) than in the control subjects. In NGT+IGT offspring, the pb-mtDNA content was significantly correlated with logarithmically transformed insulin sensitivity (r = 0.253, P < 0.05) and was the main predictor of insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative mtDNA status might be a hereditary factor associated with type 2 diabetes and could serve as an indicator for insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korean National Institute Health, Seoul
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Abstract
Eighty-eight strains of Shigella sonnei isolated in Korea during the period 1980 to 1999 were tested for susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents. S. sonnei isolates demonstrated high frequencies of resistance to sulfamethoxazole (97.7%), tetracycline (96.6%), and trimethoprim (95.5%). S. sonnei isolates from the 1990s were more resistant to nalidixic acid than isolates from the 1980s (100 vs 7.7%), while isolates from the 1990s were more susceptible to chloramphenicol than isolates from the 1980s (0 vs 100%). Ampicillin-resistant S. sonnei isolates produced the TEM-1 beta-lactamase with a pI of 5.4. The TEM-1 gene was located on conjugally transferable plasmids in the majority of isolates. S. sonnei isolates were all susceptible to cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin. These results indicate that cephalosporins and quinolones may be alternative antibiotics for the treatment of S. sonnei infections in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Seonam University, Namwon, Chunpook, Korea.
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Oh JY, Rosow E, Bronzino J, Enderle J, Eisenfeld L. The design and development of a biosensor to measure the concentration of meconium in amniotic fluid. Biomed Instrum Technol 2001; 35:46-56. [PMID: 11233308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 0.2% to 1% of all deliveries and has a mortality rate as high as 18%. The disease is responsible for 2% of all perinatal deaths. Meconium may be classified as being thick or thin, but this assessment is normally performed visually by clinicians. A "meconiumcrit" analysis has been developed to objectively define the concentration of meconium. However, this analysis does not provide real-time continuous readings. This study focused on the design and development of a sensor to provide an objective, continuous, real-time assessment of meconium thickness. Meconium has an absorption spectrum centered at 410 nm and observes Beer's law. Blue light centered at 430 nm was delivered through meconium solutions, and a photodiode translated the strength of the incoming light into a voltage. This voltage was analyzed by a microcontroller to determine the concentration of meconium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Oh
- Raytheon Systems Company, El Segundo, CA, USA
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