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Vanden Broeck A, Lotz C, Drillien R, Haas L, Bedez C, Lamour V. Structural basis for allosteric regulation of Human Topoisomerase IIα. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2962. [PMID: 34016969 PMCID: PMC8137924 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The human type IIA topoisomerases (Top2) are essential enzymes that regulate DNA topology and chromosome organization. The Topo IIα isoform is a prime target for antineoplastic compounds used in cancer therapy that form ternary cleavage complexes with the DNA. Despite extensive studies, structural information on this large dimeric assembly is limited to the catalytic domains, hindering the exploration of allosteric mechanism governing the enzyme activities and the contribution of its non-conserved C-terminal domain (CTD). Herein we present cryo-EM structures of the entire human Topo IIα nucleoprotein complex in different conformations solved at subnanometer resolutions (3.6-7.4 Å). Our data unveils the molecular determinants that fine tune the allosteric connections between the ATPase domain and the DNA binding/cleavage domain. Strikingly, the reconstruction of the DNA-binding/cleavage domain uncovers a linker leading to the CTD, which plays a critical role in modulating the enzyme's activities and opens perspective for the analysis of post-translational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Vanden Broeck
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Christophe Lotz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Robert Drillien
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Léa Haas
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Claire Bedez
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France
| | - Valérie Lamour
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC, Illkirch, France.
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Skayem C, Cauterman M, Haas L, Duong T. Optimisation des soins dermatologiques par communication collaborative entre médecins généralistes sur la plateforme de téléconsultation LIVI. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.09.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Haas
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Campus‐Vienna‐Biocenter 1 1030 Vienna Austria
| | - T. Wiesner
- Department of Dermatology Medical University of Vienna Waehringer Guertel 18‐20 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - A. C. Obenauf
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP) Vienna Biocenter (VBC) Campus‐Vienna‐Biocenter 1 1030 Vienna Austria
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Haas
- Torbay Hospital, Torquay, Devon
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Strittmatter S, Kostylev M, Kaufman A, Haas L, Heiss J, Gunther E, Nygaard H. A Synaptotoxic Pathway from Aβ oligomer to Prion Protein to mGluR5 to F kinase in Alzheimer's Disease. Neurobiol Aging 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.01.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kalogera E, Haas L, Borah B, Dowdy S, Cliby W. A cost-analysis of anastomotic leak vs. prophylactic bowel diversion at the time of large bowel resection for primary ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2013.04.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Allard K, Haas L, Hwang CP. Family-Supportive Organizational Culture and Fathers' Experiences of Work-family Conflict in Sweden. Gender, Work & Organization 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0432.2010.00540.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Haas L. Präferenzmessung von Patienten in medizinischen Versorgungszentren (MVZ) – eine Gegenüberstellung der Behandlungsqualität von MVZ und niedergelassenen Haus- und Fachärzten. Gesundheitswesen 2010; 73:409-15. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Klauschies F, Gützkow T, Hinkelmann S, von Messling V, Vaske B, Herrler G, Haas L. Viral infectivity and intracellular distribution of matrix (M) protein of canine distemper virus are affected by actin filaments. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1503-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Einsle F, Langer D, Haas L, Groß C, Muckermann P, Schlichthaar F, Joraschky P, Beesdo K. Weißkittelhypertonie vs. Essentielle Hypertonie – bestehen die gleichen „Risikofaktoren“? Psychother Psych Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1208251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wohlsein P, Müller G, Haas L, Siebert U, Harder TC, Baumgärtner W. Antigenic characterization of phocine distemper virus causing mass mortality in 2002 and its relationship to other morbilliviruses. Arch Virol 2007; 152:1559-64. [PMID: 17458621 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-0970-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The antigenic relationship between the phocine distemper virus (PDV) strain causing the epidemic in 2002 and the PDV strain of 1988, canine distemper virus from two dogs and one marten, and one measles virus strain was investigated in vivo and in vitro using monospecific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against five different proteins of canine or phocine distemper virus (N, P, M, F, H). Epitopic mapping revealed no difference between the PDV strains causing the epidemics in 1988 or 2002. However, the use of these antibodies allowed discrimination between different morbilliviruses including a vaccine strain of canine distemper virus. The major differences among the investigated morbilliviruses were found in the H protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Taboulet P, Deconinck N, Thurel A, Haas L, Manamani J, Porcher R, Schmit C, Fontaine JP, Gautier JF. Correlation between urine ketones (acetoacetate) and capillary blood ketones (3-beta-hydroxybutyrate) in hyperglycaemic patients. Diabetes & Metabolism 2007; 33:135-9. [PMID: 17320448 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To facilitate the transition from urine ketones (acetoacetate) to capillary blood ketones (3-beta-hydroxybutyrate), we studied the correlation between these two tests. METHODS Retrospective study of all patients with blood glucose greater than or equal to 2.5 g/l on arrival in the Emergency Department. We studied the correlation between urine ketones (Clinitek 50, Bayer) and capillary blood ketones (Optium, Abbott). We then compared the relative risks (RR) of ketoacidosis and hospitalization associated with each of these tests. RESULTS In 33 months, 529 adult patients with both urine and blood testing for ketones were enrolled (ketoacidosis 8%, admission rate 49%). Urine ketones scored as +, ++ and +++ corresponded to median capillary blood ketone levels of 0.5 mmol/l (IQR: 0.1-0.9), 0.7 mmol/l (IQR: 0.2-1.8) and 3 mmol/l (IQR: 1.4-5.2), respectively. RRs of ketoacidosis or hospitalization associated with blood ketones greater than or equal to 3 mmol/l were higher than those associated with +++ urine ketones: 74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 48-88) and 2.9 (95% CI: 2.5-3) versus 31 (95% CI: 18-45) and 2 (95% CI: 1.7-2.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In hyperglycaemic patients in the Emergency Department, a good correlation was observed between urine ketones and capillary blood ketones for low values, but a poor correlation was observed for high values. Either test can therefore be used to exclude ketosis, but the capillary blood ketones test is more accurate to confirm ketoacidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Taboulet
- Emergency department, hôpital Saint-Louis (APHP), université Paris-VII, 1 avenue Claude-Vellefaux, 75475 Paris cedex 10, France.
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Gallien S, Sarfati C, Haas L, Lagrange-Xelot M, Molina JM. Borreliosis: a rare and alternative diagnosis in travellers' febrile illness. Travel Med Infect Dis 2007; 5:247-50. [PMID: 17574148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of borreliosis mimicking uncomplicated malaria in a patient returning from Mali. Identification of spirochetes through examination of a thick blood smear completed by an acridine-orange quantitative buffy coat allowed the diagnosis of borreliosis. All symptoms rapidly resolved following tetracycline therapy. Epidemiological and clinical features of borreliosis, diagnostic tools and management are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gallien
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Saint-Louis University Hospital, 1, avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris, Cedex 10, France.
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Schulze U, Kuiper H, Wöhlke A, Wohlsein P, Gerhauser I, Marxfeld H, Haas L, Distl O. [Familial occurrence of a congenital defect of the keratinisation of the skin in German Angus calves]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2007; 114:25-9. [PMID: 17252933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Congenital dysfunction of the keratinisation of the epithelium was diagnosed in two female German Angus calves born on the same farm. The relationship coefficient between the two affected Angus calves was 34.38%. The clinical findings were similar to ichthyosis congenita as the alterations of the skin were present at birth and the levels of zinc in the blood were not decreased. However, parakeratosis could not be completely excluded as skin alterations were partly parakeratotic. On account of the close relationship between the two affected calves a genetic cause is likely for the present cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schulze
- Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
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Schulze U, Kuiper H, Schmidtbauer S, Wohlsein P, Krause A, Haas L, Distl O. [Aphakia in a German Holstein calf]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:355-7. [PMID: 17009814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Aphakia and further malformations of both eyes were diagnosed in a female German Holstein calf. Besides aphakia of the left eye, the calf exhibited microphthalmia, glaucoma and a hypoplastic uveoscleral tissue. Additional findings in the right eye were buphthalmus and glaucoma. Instead of aphakia, pathohistological and investigations revealed a very small (microphakia) and luxated lens. Neither the clinical nor the pathological examination revealed further malformations of other organs. A BVD infection could be excluded as cause for the ocular malformations observed. A deficiency or excess of vitamine A was unlikely because this would have also applied to all other calves born at the same time on the farm. An inbreeding coefficient of 3.168% for the malformed calf and the exclusion of environmental causes for these malformations of the eyes let us suppose a hereditary problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schulze
- Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
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Schulze U, Kramer K, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Haas L, Distl O. [Case report: Ectopia cordis in a German Holstein calf]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:281-4. [PMID: 16892708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A case of ectopia cordis pectoralis was diagnosed in a black and white coloured German Holstein calf. The heart and pericard were displaced through a fissure in the breastbone. The heart was connected with the thoracic cavity by its large vessels. Besides of the ectopia cordis no other defects of the heart were noticed. The liver was deformed and many organs showed passive hyperaemia. The calf was well developed and died under birth. The lungs were not ventilated. The malformed calf was inbred on a bull used for artificial insemination with an inbreeding coefficient of 3.125%. The ectopia cordis probably resulted from the fissure of the breastbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Schulze
- Institut für Tierzucht und Vererbungsforschung, Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
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Greiser-Wilke I, Dreier S, Haas L, Zimmermann B. [Genetic typing of classical swine fever viruses--a review]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:134-8. [PMID: 16716047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Classical swine fever (CSF) is a notifiable disease of domestic pigs and wild boar. It is caused by the highly contagious CSF virus and in its acute form the disease generally results in high morbidity and mortality. Due to the great economical impact an outbreak can cause to the pig industry it is one of the most important swine diseases worldwide. To limit the damage in the case of a new outbreak it is necessary to identify the virus as fast as possible. This information helps epidemiologists to trace the origin of the virus and to follow the virus spread. Genetic typing revealed that CSF virus genotypes, subgroups and types show a regional distribution making it an important tool for epidemiologists. Meanwhile, besides epidemiological data and nucleotide sequences from European isolates, information from isolates from South- and Central America, the Caribbean, Asia and recently from South Africa have become available. The data are stored in a database in the EU Reference Laboratory for CSF, accessible by the WWW (http://viro08.tiho-hanno ver.de). A new module was implemented that allows efficient automated genotyping.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Greiser-Wilke
- Institut für Virologie, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, EU Referenzzentrum für Klassische Schweinepest, Hannover, Germany.
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Weber H, Beckmann K, Haas L. [Case report: equine arteritis virus (EAV) as the cause of abortion in alpacas?]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2006; 113:162-3. [PMID: 16716054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Here we report a case of a late abortion of a primiparous alpaca where genome fragments of the equine viral arteritis virus (EAV) could be detected in fetal tissues using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). All five alpacas of the herd had virus neutralizing antibodies against EAV. EAV thus must be regarded as a potential agent for abortions in alpacas. Possible routes of introduction of the virus are discussed.
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Moennig V, Eicken K, Flebbe U, Frey HR, Grummer B, Haas L, Greiser-Wilke I, Liess B. Implementation of two-step vaccination in the control of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD). Prev Vet Med 2005; 72:109-14; discussion 215-9. [PMID: 16169620 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) control/eradication programmes based on the test and removal of persistently infected cattle without use of vaccination were first introduced by the Scandinavian countries in the early 1990s. Within the last 10 years the programmes have proven to be very successful and have served as a blueprint for several other European regions. However, in areas with high cattle densities, intense animal trade and high BVD prevalence this control approach is risky, because there is a high probability that herds, which have been cleared of persistently infected (PI) animals and have become partly or fully susceptible to reintroduction of the virus, will come in contact with a BVD virus (BVDV) infected animal. A combination of the test and removal strategy with subsequent systematic vaccination of cattle could overcome this problem. The goals of vaccination in such a programme is protection against reintroduction of BVDV into herds free from PI cattle and foetal protection of pregnant animals accidentally exposed to the virus. Two-step vaccination is based on the use of inactivated BVDV-1 vaccine for priming followed by a live attenuated vaccine booster 4 weeks later. The immune response elicited by such a vaccination scheme has proven to be long lasting and foetal infection after challenge with BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 was prevented in pregnant animals 5 months after vaccination. These findings suggest that the implementation of a two-step vaccination in the initial phase of control programmes in addition to test and removal of PI animals in areas with high cattle densities and endemic BVD is practical and efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Moennig
- Institute of Virology, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Bendfeldt S, Flebbe U, Fritzemeier J, Greiser-Wilke I, Grummer B, Haas L, Orban S, Peters E, Timm D, Moenning V. [Analysis of bulk milk samples using polymerase chain reaction: an additional tool for bovine viral diarrhea monitoring]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2005; 112:130-5. [PMID: 15900676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Programmes for the eradication and control of infections with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) concentrate on the identification and elimination of persistently infected (PI) animals. The identification of these animals is mainly based on the detection of viral antigen using ELISA techniques. Protocols detecting viral nucleic acid using RT-PCR have been described recently. Due to high costs the German model recommends screening of animals of 9 up to 36 months of age. Screening of bulk milk samples using RT-PCR technology would allow a system independent of age. The aim of the present study was to test whether bulk milk samples (1433 including max. 50 animals each) collected in four counties of Lower Saxony are suitable for a complementary identification of PI animals via RT-PCR. Thirty-one bulk milk samples derived from 27 dairy herds were BVDV positive, corresponding to 2.3 % of the herds analysed in this study. Two samples first scored doubtful. Follow up tests revealed lactating PI animals in most cases (18). In other cases the epidemiological status of the herd, i.e. high sero-prevalence and/or presence of PI animals among non-lactating cattle, suggested a transient infection detected in the first bulk milk sample. These results demonstrate that monitoring of lactating cattle of any age using RT-PCR is a very sensitive, economically effective additional method for the identification of PI animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bendfeldt
- Institut für Virologie, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, Hannover
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Vos A, Müller T, Neubert L, Zurbriggen A, Botteron C, Pöhle D, Schoon H, Haas L, Jackson AC. Rabies in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Experimentally Infected with European Bat Lyssavirus Type 1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:327-32. [PMID: 15525359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2004.00793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to European bat lyssavirus type 1 (EBLV-1) infection was examined. Eight foxes were inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 10(4.9) foci-forming units (FFU) (n = 4) and 10(5.1) FFU (n = 4) and observed for up to 90 days. All foxes showed manifestations of a neurologic disorder (e.g. seizures, myoclonus, agitation), starting as early as 5 days post-infection (p.i.). Subsequently, all animals showed improvement followed by one or more relapses. One fox was killed 3 days after it recovered, 26 days post-infection. Two other foxes were also killed 38 and 54 days post-infection after severe neurologic signs returned. All foxes developed a humoral immune response against EBLV-1 as determined in serum and brain tissues. However, no rabies virus antigen was detected in the brain, other tissues and secretions examined (e.g. salivary gland, saliva, tonsils, lungs) by using different standard diagnostic techniques [fluorescent antibody test, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), rabies tissue culture inoculation test], with the exception of one fox in which EBLV-1 RNA was detected by RT-PCR in only the spinal cord. Brain tissues showed moderate to severe multifocal, mononuclear encephalomyelitis in the three foxes that were killed during the observation period, although no EBLV-1 virus was detectable in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vos
- Impstoffwerk Dessau Tornau (IDT) GmbH, 06855 Rosslau, Germany.
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Wohlsein P, Thiele A, Fehr M, Haas L, Henneicke K, Petzold DR, Baumgärtner W. Spontaneous human herpes virus type 1 infection in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.). Acta Neuropathol 2002; 104:674-8. [PMID: 12410390 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-002-0597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2002] [Revised: 06/24/2002] [Accepted: 06/29/2002] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A 1-year-old male chinchilla with a 2-week history of conjunctivitis suffered subsequently from neurological signs comprising seizures, disorientation, recumbency and apathy. After 3 weeks of progressive central nervous disease the animal was killed in view of the poor prognosis. A non-suppurative meningitis and polioencephalitis with neuronal necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed at necropsy and by light microscopy. The brain stem and cerebral cortices were most severely affected. Both eyes displayed ulcerative keratitis, uveitis, retinitis and retinal degeneration, and optical neuritis. Additionally, a purulent rhinitis with focal erosions, epithelial degeneration and intranuclear inclusion bodies was present. Ultrastructurally, herpes virus particles were detected in neurons of the brain. Immunohistochemistry with antisera specific for human herpes virus types 1 and 2 resulted in viral antigen labeling in neurons, glial cells and in neuronal processes. Viral antigen was found in the rhinencephalon, cerebral cortices, hippocampus, numerous nuclei of the brain stem, single foci in the cerebellum, and in a solitary erosive lesion of the right nasal vestibulum. Viral antigen was not detected in the eyes. The virus was isolated from the CNS, and nucleic acid sequence analysis of the glycoprotein B and the DNA polymerase revealed a sequence homology with human herpes virus type 1 of 99% and 100%, respectively. The clinical signs, the distribution of the lesions and the viral antigen suggest a primary ocular infection with subsequent spread to the CNS. Chinchillas are susceptible to human herpes virus 1 and may play a role as a temporary reservoir for human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
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Haas L. Hideyo Noguchi (1876-1928). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2002. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.73.2.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Stolte M, Haas L, Wamwayi HM, Barrett T, Wohlsein P. Induction of apoptotic cellular death in lymphatic tissues of cattle experimentally infected with different strains of rinderpest virus. J Comp Pathol 2002; 127:14-21. [PMID: 12354541 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The presence, type, and extent of cellular death in lymphatic tissues of cattle experimentally infected with rinderpest virus strains of different virulence was investigated morphologically. Cells with DNA strand breaks were identified in histological sections of palatine tonsil, spleen, and mesenteric and mandibular lymph nodes by the TUNEL (terminal desoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling) assay. In addition, representative samples of lymphatic tissues were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that cellular disassembly in lymphatic tissues was caused by both apoptosis and oncosis. Cells with DNA strand breaks were observed in follicular and parafollicular areas of lymphatic tissues and their numbers were determined. A significant correlation was found between the number of TUNEL-positive cells and viral virulence. These results suggest that, in addition to oncosis, apoptotic cellular death in lymphatic tissues contributes substantially to the pathogenesis of rinderpest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stolte
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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Olivencia-Yurvati AH, Wallace WE, Wallace N, Dimitrijevich D, Knust JK, Haas L, Raven PB. Intraoperative treatment strategy to reduce the incidence of postcardiopulmonary bypass atrial fibrillation. Perfusion 2002; 17 Suppl:35-9. [PMID: 12009084 DOI: 10.1191/0267659102pf552oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postcardiopulmonary bypass atrial fibrillation remains a constant complication associated with coronary revascularization, the incidence of which occurs from 20% to 35%. Previous studies have addressed this problem in the postoperative setting utilizing pharmacological agents, but the results have been variable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel intraoperative strategy to reduce the incidence of postcardiopulmonary bypass atrial fibrillation. We theorized that leukocyte depletion by filtration with the addition of aprotinin would reduce the systemic inflammatory effects of bypass and reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation. METHODS One hundred and twenty-two patients participated in this randomized study. Only isolated primary coronary revascularization procedures on cardiopulmonary bypass were included. The control group (n=55) received standard moderate hypothermic blood cardioplegia cardiopulmonary bypass. The treatment group (n=65) received similar cardiopulmonary bypass with the addition of strategic leukocyte depletion with Pall Biomedical Products (East Hills, NY) leukodepletion filters and full-dose aprotinin. RESULTS The intraoperative addition of leukocyte depletion by filtration with aprotinin reduced the incidence of postcardiopulmonary bypass atrial fibrillation by 72%. The incidence.of atrial fibrillation in the control group was 27% (15 of 55). In contrast, the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the treated group was only 7.6% (5 of 65) (p<0.025). CONCLUSIONS This novel intraoperative treatment strategy of both mechanical (leukocyte filtration) and pharmacological (aprotinin) intervention appears to markedly reduce the incidence of postcardiopulmonary bypass atrial fibrillation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to combine these two treatment strategies. A previous study has noted a decline in atrial fibrillation with aprotinin in the animal model, but not to the extent observed in our study. The beneficial effects of the reduction of atrial fibrillation include reduced risk of emboli formation and the incidence of ischemia in the heart, lung and brain. In addition, a decrease in length of hospital stay, recovery time and overall cost occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Olivencia-Yurvati
- Department of Surgery and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA.
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Steidinger K, Landsberg J, Richardson RW, Truby E, Blakesley B, Scott P, Tester P, Tengs T, Mason P, Morton S, Seaborn D, Litaker W, Reece K, Oldach D, Haas L, Vasta G. Classification and identification of Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species. Environ Health Perspect 2001; 109 Suppl 5:661-665. [PMID: 11677173 PMCID: PMC1240595 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.01109s5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates can be classified both botanically and zoologically; however, they are typically put in the botanical division Pyrrhophyta. As a group they appear most related to the protistan ciliates and apicomplexans at the ultrastructure level. Within the Pyrrhophyta are both unarmored and armored forms of the dominant, motile flagellated stage. Unarmored dinoflagellates do not have thecal or wall plates arranged in specific series, whereas armored species have plates that vary in thickness but are specific in number and arrangement. In armored dinoflagellates, the plate pattern and tabulation is a diagnostic character at the family, subfamily, and even genus levels. In most cases, the molecular characterization of dinoflagellates confirms the taxonomy on the basis of external morphology; this has been demonstrated for several groups. Together, both genetic and morphological criteria are becoming increasingly important for the characterization, separation, and identification of dinoflagellates species. Pfiesteria and Pfiesteria-like species are thinly armored forms with motile dinospore stages characterized by their distinct plate formulae. Pfiesteria piscicida is the best-known member of the genus; however, there is at least one other species. Other genetically and morphologically related genera, now grouped under the common names of "Lucy," "Shepherd's crook," and cryptoperidiniopsoid, are being studied and described in separate works. All these other heterotrophic dinoflagellate groups, many of which are thought to be benign, co-occur in estuarine waters where Pfiesteria has been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Steidinger
- Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Florida Marine Research Institute, St. Petersburg 33701, USA.
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Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) and measles virus (MV) cause severe illnesses in their respective hosts. The viruses display a characteristic cytopathic effect by forming syncytia in susceptible cells. For CDV, the proficiency of syncytium formation varies among different strains and correlates with the degree of viral attenuation. In this study, we examined the determinants for the differential fusogenicity of the wild-type CDV isolate 5804Han89 (CDV(5804)), the small- and large-plaque-forming variants of the CDV vaccine strain Onderstepoort (CDV(OS) and CDV(OL), respectively), and the MV vaccine strain Edmonston B (MV(Edm)). The cotransfection of different combinations of fusion (F) and hemagglutinin (H) genes in Vero cells indicated that the H protein is the main determinant of fusion efficiency. To verify the significance of this observation in the viral context, a reverse genetic system to generate recombinant CDVs was established. This system is based on a plasmid containing the full-length antigenomic sequence of CDV(OS). The coding regions of the H proteins of all CDV strains and MV(Edm) were introduced into the CDV and MV genetic backgrounds, and recombinant viruses rCDV-H(5804), rCDV-H(OL), rCDV-H(Edm), rMV-H(5804), rMV-H(OL), and rMV-H(OS) were recovered. Thus, the H proteins of the two morbilliviruses are interchangeable and fully functional in a heterologous complex. This is in contrast with the glycoproteins of other members of the family Paramyxoviridae, which do not function efficiently with heterologous partners. The fusogenicity, growth characteristics, and tropism of the recombinant viruses were examined and compared with those of the parental strains. All these characteristics were found to be predominantly mediated by the H protein regardless of the viral backbone used.
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Affiliation(s)
- V von Messling
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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31
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Haas L. Emil theodore kocher (1841-1917). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2000. [PMID: 10896688 PMCID: PMC1737038 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.69.2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Frölich K, Czupalla O, Haas L, Hentschke J, Dedek J, Fickel J. Epizootiological investigations of canine distemper virus in free-ranging carnivores from Germany. Vet Microbiol 2000; 74:283-92. [PMID: 10831852 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(00)00192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a broad range of carnivores. To assess whether wild carnivores may play a role in the epidemiology of CDV in domestic dogs in Germany, the seroprevalence of CDV was determined. In sera from red foxes (30 of 591 (5%)) and stone martens (2 of 10 (20%)) antiviral antibodies were detected using a neutralization assay, whereas sera of raccoons, two mink, one pine marten and one raccoon dog were negative. In foxes, there was a significantly higher prevalence in urban and suburban compared to rural regions. When testing lung and spleen tissue samples (fox, badger, stone marten, polecat, raccoon dog) 13 of 253 (5.1%) foxes, 2 of 13 (15.4%) stone martens and 2 of 6 (33%) badgers were virus positive using RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the F gene revealed a distinct relatedness to canine CDV isolates. Together, the data support the concept of transmission of CDV between domestic dogs and wild carnivores.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Animals, Wild
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Base Sequence
- Carnivora
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- DNA, Viral/chemistry
- Distemper/epidemiology
- Distemper/transmission
- Distemper/virology
- Distemper Virus, Canine/classification
- Distemper Virus, Canine/isolation & purification
- Distemper Virus, Canine/pathogenicity
- Dogs
- Foxes
- Germany/epidemiology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests/veterinary
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Raccoons
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Seroepidemiologic Studies
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Affiliation(s)
- K Frölich
- Institute for Zoo Biology and Wildlife Research Berlin, Alfred-Kowalke-Strasse 17, D-10252, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming increasingly utilized as a form of health care, with recent studies suggesting that over 40% of Americans use some form of CAM. This has major financial implications for the health care industry. Traditional physicians frequently are unaware of CAM use by their patients, and there are potential interactions between CAM and traditional forms of medical therapy. Many of the medicinal CAM agents have been used for their postulated anti-inflammatory and/or antifibrotic effects. CAM is especially frequently used in patients with chronic diseases. This review discusses CAM use in three types of chronic gastrointestinal diseases--liver disease, irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Haas L, Liermann H, Harder TC, Barrett T, Löchelt M, von Messling V, Baumgärtner W, Greiser-Wilke I. Analysis of the H gene, the central untranslated region and the proximal coding part of the F gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper viruses. Vet Microbiol 1999; 69:15-8. [PMID: 10515263 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00081-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This paper summarizes the results of the genetic analysis of several parts of the genome of canine distemper virus (CDV) field isolates and vaccine viruses. The haemagglutinin (H) gene analysis showed that recent viruses did not differ significantly from vaccine strains. The analysis of the long untranslated region between the matrix (M) and fusion (F) gene revealed distinct genetic heterogeneity. The putative F protein start codon AUG461 of vaccine strain Onderstepoort was found to be mutated in all wild-type isolates and in another vaccine strain. The proximal coding part of the F gene was well conserved. Phylogenetic analysis of this segment showed the presence of several cocirculating CDV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Institute of Virology, Veterinary School Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
Establishing a reasonable diagnosis and treatment plan in patients with chronic abdominal pain can be difficult and frustrating. Most cases involve a common and readily identified condition (e.g., gallbladder disease, GERD, irritable bowel syndrome). Other cases, however, resist ready diagnosis because they offer no intra-abdominal explanation. In this article, the authors summarize several diverse possibilities as the source of the pain, and they describe how to approach evaluation to avoid unnecessary testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R DeBanto
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0084, USA
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37
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Greiser-Wilke I, Haas L. [Emergence of "new" viral zoonoses]. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 1999; 106:332-8. [PMID: 10488638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
In the last two to three decades a significant increase of viral zoonotic infections was observed. These zoonoses are not only newly (or previously unrecognized) emerging diseases, but also due to the reappearance of diseases thought to have been defeated (re-emerging diseases). "New" viral diseases can arise when viruses broaden their host-range (monkey poxvirus; equine morbillivirus), or can be a consequence of intrinsic properties of the virus itself, such as high mutation rates (influenza A virus). Most new or reemerging viral zoonoses are due to infections with hemorrhagic viruses. Many of them are transmitted by insects (arboviruses, e.g. yellow fever virus) or by rodents (e.g. Hanta viruses), others by contact with patients and nosocomial infections (e.g. Ebola virus). The emergence and increase of these diseases are a consequence of anthropogenic environmental changes, such as distortions of the ecological balance and changes in agriculture. In addition, the uncontrolled growth of the cities in tropical and subtropical regions without improvement of the public health measures and the increasing international animal trade and travel also favour the spread and recurrence of these diseases.
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Haas L. DISCOVERIES IN THE HUMAN BRAIN. NEUROSCIENCE PREHISTORY, BRAIN STRUCTURE, AND FUNCTION. Brain 1999. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/122.4.785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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von Messling V, Harder TC, Moennig V, Rautenberg P, Nolte I, Haas L. Rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol 1999; 37:1049-56. [PMID: 10074525 PMCID: PMC88648 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.37.4.1049-1056.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper morbillivirus (CDV) infection causes a frequently fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. In CDV infection, classical serology provides data of diagnostic and prognostic values (kinetics of seroconversion) and is also used to predict the optimal vaccination age of pups. Routine CDV serology is still based on time- and cost-intensive virus neutralization assays (V-NA). Here, we describe a new capture-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses recombinant baculovirus-expressed nucleocapsid (N) protein of a recent CDV wild-type isolate (2544/Han95) for the detection of CDV-specific antibodies in canine sera. Recombinant antigen was produced with high efficacy in Heliothis virescens larvae. The capture-sandwich ELISA enabled a clear-cut qualitative evaluation of the CDV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM serostatuses of 196 and 35 dog sera, respectively. Inter-rater agreement analysis (kappa = 0.988) indicated that the ELISA can be used unrestrictedly as a substitute for the V-NA for the qualitative determination of CDV-specific IgG serostatus. In an attempt to semiquantify N-specific antibodies, a one-step-dilution (alpha method) IgG-specific ELISA was implemented. Alpha values of >/=50% showed very good inter-rater agreement (kappa = 0.968) with V-NA titers of >/=1/100 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) as measured against the central European CDV wild-type isolate 2544/Han95 in canine sera originating from northern Germany. An ND50 titer of 1/100 is considered a threshold, and titers of >/=1/100 indicate a resilient, protective immunity. CDV N-specific antibodies of the IgM class were detected by the newly developed ELISA in 9 of 15 sera obtained from dogs with symptoms of acute distemper. In leucocytes of 5 of the 15 dogs (all of which were also IgM positive) CDV RNA was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The recombinant capture-sandwich ELISA detecting N-specific antibodies of the IgG class provided superior sensitivity and specificity and thus represents a rapid and cost-effective alternative to classical CDV V-NA. By detection of specific IgM antibodies, the ELISA will be complementary to RT-PCR and V-NA in the diagnosis of acute distemper infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- V von Messling
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Veterinary School, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
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Neukirch M, Haas L, Lehmann H, von Messeling V. Preliminary characterization of a reovirus isolated from golden ide Leuciscus idus melanotus. Dis Aquat Organ 1999; 35:159-164. [PMID: 10228873 DOI: 10.3354/dao035159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Some characteristics of a reovirus recently isolated from golden ide Leuciscus idus melanotus and tentatively designated as golden ide reovirus (GIRV) were determined. Spherical non-enveloped particles with an outer capsid of about 70 nm and an inner capsid of about 50 nm were observed by electron microscopy. The density of the virus determined in CsCl gradients was 1.36 g ml-1. The genome contained 11 segments of dsRNA. GIRV differed from other aquareoviruses by a slight reduction of infectivity after treatment with chloroform and by the absence of forming syncytia in cell monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neukirch
- Fish Diseases Research Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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41
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Liermann H, Harder TC, Löchelt M, von Messling V, Baumgärtner W, Moennig V, Haas L. Genetic analysis of the central untranslated genome region and the proximal coding part of the F gene of wild-type and vaccine canine distemper morbilliviruses. Virus Genes 1999; 17:259-70. [PMID: 9926401 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008069805011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Located between the open reading frames encoding the matrix (M) and the fusion (F) protein the morbillivirus genome contains an unusually large non-coding intercistronic region (M-F UTR) of up to 5.6% of the full length genome. Any function(s) of this region have largely remained obscure. Here, we analyze the M-F UTR and the proximal coding part of the downstream F gene of several recent canine distemper morbillivirus (CDV) wild-type (wt) isolates and vaccine strains. While the F gene coding part appeared to be highly conserved (about 93% homology), a considerable degree of strain-specific variation of up to 21.4% was evident when comparing the M-F UTR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a co-circulation of several contemporary CDV genotypes within a close geographic range (central Europe). A remarkably distinct CDV wt lineage, so far detected only in mustelids, is displayed. A rather non-scattered pattern of mutations within the M-F UTR suggested superimposition of RNA sequence and/or secondary structure constraints. Extensive folding in the long (460 nt) and moderately GC-rich 5'-UTR of the F mRNA was evident, particularly around the putative F protein translation initiation codon (AUG461 of the Onderstepoort vaccine strain). The region immediately preceding the putative F initiation site also harbored the only mutation unique to both vaccine strains within the F-5'UTR (position 455: Awt vs. Cvac). The putative F protein start codon, AUG461, was found to be mutated to AUA or GUA in all wt isolates analyzed and in another vaccine strain (Rockborn). Possible consequences for F protein translation initiation in wt CDV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liermann
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Veterinary School, FRG
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Greiser-Wilke I, Depner K, Fritzemeier J, Haas L, Moennig V. Application of a computer program for genetic typing of classical swine fever virus isolates from Germany. J Virol Methods 1998; 75:141-50. [PMID: 9870589 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(98)00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The commercial software program HLA SequiTyper (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), designed originally for human leukocyte antigen typing, was adapted for rapid typing of classical swine fever (CSF) virus isolates. The program compares new sequence data with those stored in a database file and calculates the most probable assignment. For generating the CSF virus sequence database, 150 bp of the 5' nontranslated genomic region (5'-NTR) from 88 German classical swine fever virus isolates from outbreaks between 1984 and 1997 were solid-phase sequenced directly after RT-PCR amplification. Sequence alignments showed that they all belonged to the previously defined genetic group 2. Within this group, six different subgroups could be distinguished, and were designated according to the geographic location where they are either still endemic or where they appeared most commonly. The advantage of using the HLA SequiTyper program is that it reads directly the sequence files as generated by the ALF sequencer (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech), making any manipulations unnecessary. In addition, a constant quality control of the raw sequence data can be achieved, as more than one sequence from the same isolate can be evaluated at once. Using this approach, new CSF isolates can be typed within 2 days.
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Abstract
Academic health centers (AHCs) are experiencing turmoil in all three of their traditional missions of teaching, research, and patient care. The authors examine origins of universities and medical education to place in historical context the stresses affecting AHCs at the end of the 20th century. They describe the cultures of the university to suggest strategies for successful adaptation to these stresses. Clashes of values and norms of the cultures within universities and AHCs can hinder effective adaptation to external change. Administrators, researchers, teachers, and clinicians can have strongly conflicting perspectives. For example, business skill is of increasing importance to the survival of the clinical enterprise, but not typically valued by faculty members. University faculty have often considered accountability as antithetical to academic freedom, and, until recently, accountability was not strongly demanded of AHCs. The authors conclude that AHC faculty must transcend the outdated view that the roles of the scholar, scientist, and healer are in opposition to those of the leader and manager. If AHCs are to survive and prosper through their current cultural transition, their faculty must understand all these roles as part of their intellectual and organizational responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Magill
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA.
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44
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Winkler I, Bodem J, Haas L, Zemba M, Delius H, Flower R, Flügel RM, Löchelt M. Characterization of the genome of feline foamy virus and its proteins shows distinct features different from those of primate spumaviruses. J Virol 1997; 71:6727-41. [PMID: 9261397 PMCID: PMC191953 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.9.6727-6741.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The genome of the feline foamy virus (FeFV) isolate FUV was characterized by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of subgenomic proviral DNA. The overall genetic organization of FeFV and protein sequence comparisons of different FeFV genes with their counterparts from other known foamy viruses confirm that FeFV is a complex foamy virus. However, significant differences exist when FeFV is compared with primate foamy viruses. The FeFV Gag protein is smaller than that of the primate spumaviruses, mainly due to additional MA/CA sequences characteristic of the primate viruses only. Gag protein sequence motifs of the NC domain of primate foamy viruses assumed to be involved in genome encapsidation are not conserved in FeFV. FeFV Gag and Pol proteins were detected with monospecific antisera directed against Gag and Pol domains of the human foamy virus and with antisera from naturally infected cats. Proteolytic processing of the FeFV Gag precursor was incomplete, whereas more efficient proteolytic cleavage of the pre125Pro-Pol protein was observed. The active center of the FeFV protease contains a Gln that replaces an invariant Gly residue at this position in other retroviral proteases. Functional studies on FeFV gene expression directed by the promoter of the long terminal repeat showed that FeFV gene expression was strongly activated by the Bell/Tas transactivator protein. The FeFV Bell/Tas transactivator is about one-third smaller than its counterpart of primate spumaviruses. This difference is also reflected by a limited sequence similarity and only a moderate conservation of structural motifs of the different foamy virus transactivators analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Winkler
- Abteilung Retrovirale Genexpression, Forschungsschwerpunkt Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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Abstract
In this review the application of methods of molecular epidemiology, particularly the combined approach of amplifying defined fragments of viral genomes using the polymerase chain reaction and subsequent nucleotide sequencing analysis, is described. Emphasis is put on examples of a few important diseases (e.g. those caused by morbilliviruses, rhabdoviruses, pestiviruses and aphthoviruses) to demonstrate the impact of this methodology. Molecular epidemiology is already an important and very sensitive tool to study the evolution of viruses at a level superior to previous methodologies and providing a better understanding of epidemiological relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Veterinary School, Germany
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Haas L, Martens W, Greiser-Wilke I, Mamaev L, Butina T, Maack D, Barrett T. Analysis of the haemagglutinin gene of current wild-type canine distemper virus isolates from Germany. Virus Res 1997; 48:165-71. [PMID: 9175255 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(97)01449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The haemagglutinin (H) gene sequences from three wild-type canine distemper viruses (CDV) isolated during 1994-1995 were sequenced to determine whether contemporary strains had undergone significant genetic changes relative to the currently used vaccine strains. The new isolates were closely related to each other (> 99%) and displayed about 90-91% sequence homology to the Onderstepoort and Convac vaccine strains. There were one to four additional potential glycosylation sites compared to the vaccine strains which were also present in a German dog CDV isolate dating from 1990. However, only a very slight reduction in neutralizing titre against the new isolates was found when compared with the Onderstepoort and Rockborn vaccine strains. Cysteine and proline residues were well conserved indicating a conserved three dimensional structure for the protein. By phylogenetic analysis the recent isolates showed a narrow clustering close to the previous canine isolates indicating a linear pattern of evolutionary changes. A comparison with published CDV H gene sequences suggested the presence of different lineages of CDV on a global scale and possible cocirculation of more than one genotype of CDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Veterinary School Hannover, Institute of Virology, Germany
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Fritzemeier J, Haas L, Liebler E, Moennig V, Greiser-Wilke I. The development of early vs. late onset mucosal disease is a consequence of two different pathogenic mechanisms. Arch Virol 1997; 142:1335-50. [PMID: 9267447 DOI: 10.1007/s007050050164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus is the causative agent of fatal mucosal disease (MD) of cattle. Experimental induction of MD can be achieved by superinfection of calves persistently viremic with a noncytopathic (ncp) BVD virus using an antigenically similar cytopathic (cp) BVD virus. Here we describe the characterisation of BVD viruses isolated from three cases of experimentally induced MD. One animal developed clinical symptoms two weeks after superinfection (early onset MD), while the onset of disease in the other two cases occurred with a delay of months (late onset MD). Antigenic characterisation of the viruses was performed using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against the E2 glycoprotein. For genetic analysis, RT-PCR was applied to amplify specific insertions and duplications in the NS2-3 genomic region of the cp BVD viruses. In addition, these amplicons and fragments of the viral E2 genes were sequenced. The results showed that in the case of early onset MD the cp BVD virus isolated after begin of disease was identical to the one used for superinfection. In contrast, the cp BVD viruses isolated from the two animals with late onset MD were obviously the result of genetic recombinations between the persistent ncp and the superinfecting cp BVD viruses. We conclude that early and late onset MD are the consequence of different pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fritzemeier
- Institute of Virology, Veterinary School Hannover, Germany
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48
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Abstract
The genus morbillivirus presently comprises measles virus of man, rinderpest virus (RPV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), and canine distemper virus (CDV). 'Emerging' morbilliviruses, such as phocid distemper virus (PDV) of seals, dolphin (DMV) and porpoise morbillivirus (PMV) have probably been present for a long period of time and outbreaks are possibly related to introduction into a highly susceptible population and/or be the result of interspecies transmission. In this review some comparative aspects of morbillivirus infections, particularly with respect to rinderpest and canine distemper viruses, are presented. Topics include pathogenesis, epidemiology, molecular phylogeny, diagnosis and prophylaxis. Recent developments in molecular biology have created tools which have enabled us to achieve a better understanding of morbillivirus infections at the nucleic acid level ('molecular epidemiology') while recombinant DNA technology has allowed new bivalent recombinant vaccines with improved heat stability to be produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Veterinary School, Germany
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49
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Abstract
Hypoglycaemia due to an insulinoma can mimic acute disorders of cognition, consciousness, epilepsy, transient ischaemia, or psychosis, and chronic disorders of dementia and neuropathy. Misdiagnosis and delay in treatment are common and prolonged hypoglycaemia can lead to permanent neurological deficit or fatal coma. A 27 year old woman with hypoglycaemia induced by an insulinoma presented with features typical of paroxysmal non-kinesiogenic dystonic choreoathetosis. Striatal dysfunction as a consequence of hypoglycaemia has rarely been described. Insulinoma is a readily treatable condition that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a paroxysmal movement disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shaw
- Neurology Department, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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50
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Abstract
Clinical signs suggestive of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection were observed among a group of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta) in the Serengeti, Tanzania. Virus antigen was detected immunohistologically in a brain sample from a diseased cub. The presence of virus RNA could be demonstrated in this brain as well as in intestine and lymph node of the animal by RT-PCR. Sequence comparison of brain-derived amplicons showed that the virus was related to recent CDV field isolates. The closest homology (>99 percent) was to a recently described CDV which caused high mortality in sympatric lions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Haas
- Institute for Virology, Veterinary School, Hannover, Germany
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