1
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Takeichi T, Honda A, Okuno Y, Kojima D, Kono M, Nakamura Y, Tohyama M, Tanaka T, Aoyama Y, Akiyama M. Sterol profiles are valuable biomarkers for phenotype expression of Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome with EBP mutations. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1186-1188. [PMID: 29851033 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - A Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan
| | - Y Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - M Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki General Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki General Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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Masuda K, Murakami M, Tokunaga N, Kishibe M, Mori H, Utsunomiya R, Tsuda T, Shiraishi K, Tohyama M, Sayama K. 390 The micribome exists in the 'sterile' pustule of palmoplantar pustulosis. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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3
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Mori H, Murakami M, Utsunomiya R, Masuda K, Shiraishi K, Dai X, Tohyama M, Sayama K. 911 New role of exogenous HMGB1 for human keratinocyte under acute inflammatory event. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.03.923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Oda F, Murakami M, Hanakawa Y, Tohyama M, Nakano N, Nishikomori R, Kambe N, Sayama K. A sporadic case of granulomatous disease negative for NOD2
mutations and mimicking Blau syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol 2017; 43:57-58. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Oda
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - M. Murakami
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - Y. Hanakawa
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - M. Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - N. Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-city Ehime 791-0295 Japan
| | - R. Nishikomori
- Department of Pediatrics; Graduate School of Medicine; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - N. Kambe
- Department of Dermatology; Kansai Medical University; Osaka Japan
| | - K. Sayama
- Department of Dermatology; Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Shitsukawa, Toon-City Ehime 791-0295 Japan
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5
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Mori H, Murakami M, Utsunomiya R, Masuda K, Shiraishi K, Dai X, Tohyama M, Sayama K. 369 Newly discovered function of reduced-HMGB1 as an inflammation suppressor in keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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6
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Dai X, Tohyama M, Murakami M, Shiraishi K, Koji S. LB979 IL-33 synthesis and release induced by house dust mite allergens of keratinocytes is controlled by extracellular ATP-mediated signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Utsunomiya R, Okazaki H, Dai X, Murakami M, Masuda K, Mori H, Shiraishi K, Tohyama M, Sayama K. 449 Novel function of heparinoid as an anti-inflammatory agent. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mori H, Murakami M, Utsunomiya R, Masuda K, Dai X, Tohyama M, Nakaoka H, Sayama K. 089 Suppressive effect of HMGB1 via poly (I:C) induced inflammation in keratinocyte. J Invest Dermatol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Ogawa K, Morito H, Hasegawa A, Miyagawa F, Kobayashi N, Watanabe H, Sueki H, Tohyama M, Hashimoto K, Kano Y, Shiohara T, Ito K, Fujita H, Aihara M, Asada H. Elevated serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) relates to reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 in drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS). Br J Dermatol 2014; 171:425-7. [PMID: 24601914 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nara Medical University School of Medicine, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8522, Japan
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Ishikawa T, Miyata S, Koyama Y, Yoshikawa K, Hattori T, Kumamoto N, Shingaki K, Katayama T, Tohyama M. Transient expression of Xpn, an XLMR protein related to neurite extension, during brain development and participation in neurite outgrowth. Neuroscience 2012; 214:181-91. [PMID: 22531377 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
KIAA2022 has been implicated as a gene responsible for expressing X-linked mental retardation (XLMR) proteins in humans. However, the functional role of KIAA2022 in the human brain remains unclear. Here, we revealed that depletion of Kiaa2022 inhibits neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, indicating that the gene participates in neurite extension. Thus, we termed Kiaa2022 as an XLMR protein related to neurite extension (Xpn). Using the mouse brain as a model and ontogenetic analysis of Xpn by real-time PCR, we clearly demonstrated that Xpn is expressed transiently during the late embryonic and perinatal stages. In situ hybridization histochemistry further revealed that Xpn-expressing neurons could be categorized ontogenetically into three types. The first type showed transient expression of Xpn during development. The second type maximally expressed Xpn during the late embryonic or perinatal stage. Thereafter, Xpn expression in this type of neuron decreased gradually throughout development. Nevertheless, a significant level of Xpn expression was detected even into adulthood. The third type of neurons initiated expression of Xpn during the embryonic stage, and continued to express the gene throughout the remaining developmental stages. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis revealed that Xpn was localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm throughout brain development. Our findings indicate that Xpn may participate in neural circuit formation during developmental stages via nuclear and cytoplasmic Xpn. Moreover, disturbances of this neuronal circuit formation may play a role in the pathogenesis of mental retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Tohyama M, Watanabe H, Murakami S, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Iijima M, Hashimoto K. Possible involvement of CD14+ CD16+ monocyte lineage cells in the epidermal damage of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Br J Dermatol 2011; 166:322-30. [PMID: 21936856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are characterized by keratinocyte apoptosis and necrosis, resulting in epidermal detachment. Although monocytes abundantly infiltrate the epidermis in SJS/TEN skin lesions, the properties and functions of these cells have not been fully examined. OBJECTIVES To determine the properties of monocytes infiltrating into the epidermis in SJS/TEN. METHODS Immunostaining of skin sections was performed to examine the membrane markers of monocytes infiltrating into skin lesions. RESULTS Immunostaining of cryosections from 11 SJS/TEN skin lesions revealed numerous CD14+ monocytes located along the dermoepidermal junction and throughout the epidermis. The cells coexpressed CD16, CD11c and HLA-DR. CD14+ CD16+ cells were identified in very early lesions without epidermal damage, suggesting that their infiltration is a cause, rather than a result, of epidermal damage. Moreover, these cells expressed CD80, CD86 and CD137 ligand, indicative of their ability to facilitate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells. CD16+ cells infiltrating the epidermis and detected at the dermoepidermal junction were immunostained and counted in paraffin-embedded skin sections obtained from 47 patients with drug rash manifested as TEN, SJS, maculopapular-type rash or erythema multiform-type rash. The number of CD16+ monocytes infiltrating the epidermis increased significantly, depending on the grade of epidermal damage. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the appearance of CD14+ CD16+ cells of monocyte lineage plays an important role in the epidermal damage associated with SJS/TEN, most probably by enhancing the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon-city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Hattori T, Shimizu S, Koyama Y, Yamada K, Kuwahara R, Kumamoto N, Matsuzaki S, Ito A, Katayama T, Tohyama M. DISC1 regulates cell-cell adhesion, cell-matrix adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Mol Psychiatry 2010; 15:778, 798-809. [PMID: 20479754 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2010.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a promising susceptibility gene for major mental illness. Recent studies have implicated DISC1 in key neurodevelopmental processes, including neurite outgrowth, neuronal migration and proliferation. Here, we report that DISC1 regulates cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion and neurite outgrowth. DISC1 overexpression increased expression of the adherence junction protein N-cadherin and enhanced cell-cell adhesion. The increased N-cadherin accumulated in the areas of cell-cell contact. DISC1 overexpression also enhanced cell-matrix adhesion by inducing expression of beta1-integrin protein. In the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), DISC1 overexpression increased beta1-integrin expression at the cell membrane and growth cone. NGF-induced neurite extension was enhanced by DISC1, and anti-beta1-integrin antibody reduced the neurite outgrowth of DISC1-overexpressing cells to the control level. Furthermore, DISC1 also regulated N-cadherin and beta1-integrin expression at the cell membrane in primary neurons. We conclude that DISC1 regulates cell-cell adhesion and cell-matrix adhesion by regulating the expression of adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hattori
- Department of Molecular Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Shingaki K, Matsuzaki S, Taniguchi M, Kubo T, Fujiwara T, Kanazawa S, Yamamoto A, Tamura H, Maeda T, Ooi K, Matsumoto K, Shiosaka S, Tohyama M. Molecular mechanism of kallikrein-related peptidase 8/neuropsin-induced hyperkeratosis in inflamed skin. Br J Dermatol 2010; 163:466-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2010.09864.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Kousaka A, Mori Y, Koyama Y, Taneda T, Miyata S, Tohyama M. The distribution and characterization of endogenous protein arginine N-methyltransferase 8 in mouse CNS. Neuroscience 2009; 163:1146-57. [PMID: 19576965 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine N-methyltransferase (PRMT) 8 was first discovered from a database search for genes harboring four conserved methyltransferase motifs, which shares more than 80% homology to PRMT1 in amino acid [Lee J, Sayegh J, Daniel J, Clarke S, Bedford MT (2005) PRMT8, a new membrane-bound tissue-specific member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family. J Biol Chem 280:32890-32896]. Interestingly, its tissue distribution is strikingly restricted to mouse CNS. To characterize the function in the CNS neurons, we raised an antiserum against PRMT8 to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot analysis. By IHC, the immunoreactivity of endogenous PRMT8 was broadly distributed in the CNS neurons with markedly intense signals in the cerebellum, hippocampal formation, and cortex, but was not detected in the cerebellar granular layer. In some subset of the neurons, the immunoreactivity was observed in the dendrites and axon bundles. The subcellular localization of the immunoreactivity was dominantly nuclear, arguing against the original report that exogenously expressed PRMT8 localizes to the plasma membrane via the N-terminal myristoylation. A series of the exogenously expressed proteins with different in-frame translation initiation codons was tested for comparison with the endogenous protein in molecular size. The third initiator codon produced the protein that was equivalent in size to the endogenous and showed a similar localizing pattern in PC12 cells. In conclusion, PRMT8 is a neuron-specific nuclear enzyme and the N-terminus does not contain the glycine end for myristoylation target.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kousaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, The Osaka-Hamamatsu Joint Research Center for Child Mental Development, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita City, Osaka, Japan
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Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. A marked increase in serum soluble Fas ligand in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2008; 159:981-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Dai X, Sayama K, Tohyama M, Shirakata Y, Yang L, Hirakawa S, Tokumaru S, Hashimoto K. The NF- B, p38 MAPK and STAT1 pathways differentially regulate the dsRNA-mediated innate immune responses of epidermal keratinocytes. Int Immunol 2008; 20:901-9. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxn048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Watanabe H, Daibata M, Tohyama M, Batchelor J, Hashimoto K, Iijima M. Chromosomal integration of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2007; 158:640-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08382.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tohyama M, Hashimoto K, Yasukawa M, Kimura H, Horikawa T, Nakajima K, Urano Y, Matsumoto K, Iijima M, Shear NH. Association of human herpesvirus 6 reactivation with the flaring and severity of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2007; 157:934-40. [PMID: 17854362 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is an adverse reaction with clinical signs of fever, rash and internal organ involvement. In the vast majority of patients in Japan, the causative drugs for DIHS are limited to the following eight: carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, zonisamide, mexiletine, dapsone, salazosulfapyridine and allopurinol. The association of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 reactivation with DIHS has been reported by various groups. OBJECTIVES To confirm the relationship between the flaring and severity of DIHS and HHV-6 reactivation. METHODS We evaluated 100 patients with drug rash and systemic symptom(s) caused by the drugs associated with DIHS. HHV-6 reactivation was examined by serological antibody assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay of serial serum samples. RESULTS Anti-HHV-6 IgG titres increased in 62 of 100 patients, 14-28 days after the onset of symptoms. These patients suffered from severe organ involvement and a prolonged course compared with 38 patients showing no reactivation of HHV-6. Significant amounts of HHV-6 DNA were detected in serum samples from 18 of the 62 patients. Flaring of symptoms such as fever and hepatitis was closely related to HHV-6 reactivation in these 18 patients. It should be emphasized that all five patients with fatal outcome and 10 patients with renal failure were in the HHV-6 reactivation group. CONCLUSIONS A combination of immunological reaction to a drug and HHV-6 reactivation results in the severe course of DIHS. The demonstration of HHV-6 reactivation is a useful marker of diagnosis as well as prognosis in DIHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon-city, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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Hattori T, Baba K, Matsuzaki S, Honda A, Miyoshi K, Inoue K, Taniguchi M, Hashimoto H, Shintani N, Baba A, Shimizu S, Yukioka F, Kumamoto N, Yamaguchi A, Tohyama M, Katayama T. A novel DISC1-interacting partner DISC1-Binding Zinc-finger protein: implication in the modulation of DISC1-dependent neurite outgrowth. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12:398-407. [PMID: 17389905 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene disrupted by a (1;11) (q42.1;q14.3) translocation that segregates with major psychiatric disorders in a Scottish family. To investigate how DISC1 confers susceptibility to psychiatric disorders, we previously identified fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 and Kendrin as DISC1-interacting molecules in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a human brain complementary DNA library. Here, we have further identified a novel DISC1-interacting protein, termed DISC1-Binding Zinc-finger protein (DBZ), which has a predicted C(2)H(2)-type zinc-finger motif and coiled-coil domains. DBZ was co-immunoprecipitated with DISC1 in lysates of PC12 cells and rat brain tissue. The domain of DISC1 interacting with DBZ was close to the translocation breakpoint in the DISC1 gene. DBZ messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in human brains, but not in peripheral tissues. In situ hybridization revealed high expression of DBZ mRNA in the hippocampus, olfactory tubercle, cerebral cortex and striatum in rats. Because this pattern of localization was similar to that of the pituitary adenylate cyclase (PAC(1)) receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which has recently been implicated in neuropsychological functions, we examined whether DISC1/DBZ interaction was involved in the PACAP signaling pathway. PACAP upregulated DISC1 expression and markedly reduced the association between DISC1 and DBZ in PC12 cells. A DISC1-binding domain of DBZ reduced the neurite length in PC12 cells after PACAP stimulation and in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. The present results provide some new molecular insights into the mechanisms of neuronal development and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hattori
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Seishima M, Yamanaka S, Fujisawa T, Tohyama M, Hashimoto K. Reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV) family members other than HHV-6 in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome. Br J Dermatol 2006; 155:344-9. [PMID: 16882173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is characterized by a severe multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction that usually appears after a 3-6-week exposure to certain drugs, including anticonvulsants. There are some reports showing that serum IgG levels often decrease at the early stage of DIHS. Reactivation of human herpesvirus (HHV)-6 has been reported in patients with DIHS, and some other DIHS patients showed reactivation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OBJECTIVES To determine whether reactivation of HHV-6, HHV-7, CMV and/or EBV occurs in patients with DIHS. METHODS Titres of IgG and IgM antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-7 were determined using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay on admission and at various times after admission. Anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibody titres and anti-EBV capsid antigen IgG, IgA, IgM, and EBV nuclear antigen and EBV early antigen IgG titres were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures for HHV-6, HHV-7, CMV and EBV DNAs were performed using serum samples. IgG antibody titres to HHV-6, HHV-7, CMV and EBV were increased after the onset in seven, six, seven and two of seven patients, respectively. IgG antibody titres to HHV-6 and HHV-7 were elevated simultaneously 21-38 days after the onset. RESULTS IgG antibody titres to CMV and EBV were elevated 10-21 days after the elevation of HHV-6 and HHV-7 antibody titres. PCR showed that HHV-6, HHV-7, CMV and EBV DNAs became positive in six, five, seven and two of seven patients, respectively. HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNAs were detected 21-35 days after the onset, and CMV DNA was detected 10-21 days after detection of HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNAs. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that in addition to HHV-6 reactivation, reactivation of HHV-7, CMV and/or EBV may also occur following drug eruption in some patients with DIHS.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus/isolation & purification
- Cytomegalovirus/physiology
- DNA, Viral/blood
- Drug Eruptions/virology
- Drug Hypersensitivity/virology
- Female
- Herpesviridae/immunology
- Herpesviridae/isolation & purification
- Herpesviridae/physiology
- Herpesviridae Infections/complications
- Herpesviridae Infections/virology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 6, Human/physiology
- Herpesvirus 7, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 7, Human/isolation & purification
- Herpesvirus 7, Human/physiology
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Virus Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seishima
- Department of Dermatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Minaminokawa-cho 4-86, Ogaki City 503-8502, Japan.
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Ikenaka K, Miyata S, Mori Y, Koyama Y, Taneda T, Okuda H, Kousaka A, Tohyama M. Immunohistochemical and western analyses of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 in the mouse brain. Neuroscience 2006; 141:1971-82. [PMID: 16797132 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2006] [Revised: 05/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3 (PRMT3) was investigated in the mouse brain using indirect immunofluorescence. PRMT3 was observed to be localized in the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons but not in the axons and glial cells, indicating that PRMT3 is involved in neuronal function. The distribution of the immunoreactive neurons in the brain was uneven, indicating that PRMT3 plays a role in specific neuronal systems such as the motor and limbic systems, as well as functions related to the cerebellum. The present ontogenetic analysis of PRMT1 and PRMT3 using Western blot methodology clearly revealed that PRMT3 develops during the perinatal stage and its expression is maintained even in adulthood. PRMT1, on the other hand, is expressed transiently during the early embryonic stage. These findings indicate that PRMT3 is related with neuronal function in both young and adult brains, while PRMT1 has roles in the immature brain, such as the formation of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikenaka
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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23
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Hanakawa Y, Shirakata Y, Nagai H, Yahata Y, Tokumaru S, Yamasaki K, Tohyama M, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. Cre-loxP adenovirus-mediated foreign gene expression in skin-equivalent keratinocytes. Br J Dermatol 2005; 152:1391-2. [PMID: 15949030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident-94 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), plays a pivotal role in cell death due to ER stress. In our study expression of GRP94 was increased in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells due to exposure to calcium ionophore A23187. A23187-mediated cell death was associated with activation of the major cysteine proteases, caspase-3 and calpain. Pretreatment with adenovirus-mediated antisense GRP94 (AdGRP94AS) reduced viability of SH-SY5Y cells subjected to A23187 treatment compared with wild type cells or cells with adenovirus-mediated overexpression of GRP94 (AdGRP94S). These results indicated that suppression of GRP94 is associated with accelerated cell death. Moreover, expression of GRP94 suppressed A23187-induced cell death and stabilized calcium homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Bando
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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25
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Tanaka H, Yamashita T, Yachi K, Fujiwara T, Yoshikawa H, Tohyama M. Cytoplasmic p21Cip1/WAF1 enhances axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. Neuroscience 2004; 127:155-64. [PMID: 15219678 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2004] [Revised: 04/30/2004] [Accepted: 05/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
p21(Cip1/WAF1), known as a cell-cycle inhibitory protein, facilitates neurite outgrowth from neurons when present in the cytoplasm. The molecular mechanism of this action is that p21(Cip1/WAF1) forms a complex with Rho-kinase and inhibits its activity. As myelin-derived inhibitors of axonal outgrowth act on neurons by activating Rho, that is responsible for the lack of spontaneous regeneration of the injured central nervous system (CNS), Rho-kinase may be a good molecular target against injuries in the CNS. In this study, we delivered TAT-fusion protein of cytoplasmic p21(Cip1/WAF1) locally after dorsal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord in rats. The treatment significantly stimulated axonal regeneration and recovery of hindlimb function, and inhibited the cavity formation in the spinal cord after the injury. Cytoplasmic p21(Cip1/WAF1) may provide a potential therapeutic agent that produces functional regeneration following CNS injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Miyoshi K, Honda A, Baba K, Taniguchi M, Oono K, Fujita T, Kuroda S, Katayama T, Tohyama M. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1, a candidate gene for schizophrenia, participates in neurite outgrowth. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:685-94. [PMID: 12874605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) was identified as a novel gene disrupted by a (1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) translocation that segregated with schizophrenia in a Scottish family. Predicted DISC1 product has no significant homology to other known proteins. Here, we demonstrated the existence of DISC1 protein and identified fasciculation and elongation protein zeta-1 (FEZ1) as an interacting partner of DISC1 by a yeast two-hybrid study. FEZ1 and its nematode homolog are reported to represent a new protein family involved in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation. In cultured hippocampal neurons, DISC1 and FEZ1 colocalized in growth cones. Interactions of these proteins were associated with F-actin. In the course of neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, upregulation of DISC1/FEZ1 interaction was observed as along with enhanced extension of neurites by overexpression of DISC1. The present study shows that DISC1 participates in neurite outgrowth through its interaction with FEZ1. Recent studies have provided reliable evidence that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder. As there is a high level of DISC1 expression in developing rat brain, dysfunction of DISC1 may confer susceptibility to psychiatric illnesses through abnormal development of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Miyoshi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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27
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Manabe T, Katayama T, Sato N, Gomi F, Hitomi J, Yanagita T, Kudo T, Honda A, Mori Y, Matsuzaki S, Imaizumi K, Mayeda A, Tohyama M. Induced HMGA1a expression causes aberrant splicing of Presenilin-2 pre-mRNA in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Differ 2003; 10:698-708. [PMID: 12761578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The aberrant splicing isoform (PS2V), generated by exon 5 skipping of the Presenilin-2 (PS2) gene transcript, is a diagnostic feature of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found PS2V is hypoxia-inducible in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. We purified a responsible trans-acting factor based on its binding to an exon 5 fragment. The factor was identified as the high mobility group A1a protein (HMGA1a; formerly HMG-I). HMGA1a bound to a specific sequence on exon 5, located upstream of the 5' splice site. HMGA1a expression was induced by hypoxia and the protein was accumulated in the nuclear speckles with the endogenous splicing factor SC35. Overexpression of HMGA1a generated PS2V, but PS2V was repressed by cotransfection with the U1 snRNP 70K protein that has a strong affinity to HMGA1a. HMGA1a could interfere with U1 snRNP binding to the 5' splice site and caused exon 5 skipping. HMGA1a levels were significantly increased in the brain tissue from sporadic AD patients. We propose a novel mechanism of sporadic AD that involves HMGA1a-induced aberrant splicing of PS2 pre-mRNA in the absence of any mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Manabe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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28
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Abstract
Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is a form of physical urticaria that is induced by exercise. A 16-year-old Japanese boy had a 4-year history of recurrent wealing and dyspnoea after physical exercise such as jogging, playing handball or riding a bicycle in winter. The episodes were not associated with ingestion of foods including wheat or soya bean. A provocation test, with 15 min of exercise and 2 min of cold stimulation immediately before or immediately after the exercise, elicited a weal that was localized to the test area. A challenge test with ingestion of boiled soya beans and exercise did not elicit a weal. Therefore, in this case, cold exposure, but not food ingestion, was essential for inducing EIA. Cold-dependent EIA is different from cold urticaria, food-dependent EIA, cholinergic urticaria and cold-induced cholinergic urticaria, and may be a distinct entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ii
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobucho, Ehime 791-0295, Japan
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29
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Katayama T, Imaizumi K, Honda A, Yoneda T, Kudo T, Takeda M, Mori K, Rozmahel R, Fraser P, George-Hyslop PS, Tohyama M. Disturbed activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress transducers by familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin-1 mutations. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:43446-54. [PMID: 11551913 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104096200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown independently that presenilin-1 (PS1) null mutants and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD)-linked mutants should both down-regulate signaling of the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, it is difficult to accept that both mutants possess the same effects on the UPR. Furthermore, contrary to these observations, neither loss of PS1 and PS2 function nor expression of FAD-linked PS1 mutants were reported to have a discernable impact on the UPR. Therefore, re-examination and detailed analyses are needed to clarify the relationship between PS1 function and UPR signaling. Here, we report that PS1/PS2 null and dominant negative PS1 mutants, which are mutated at aspartate residue 257 or 385, did not affect signaling of the UPR. In contrast, FAD-linked PS1 mutants were confirmed to disturb UPR signaling by inhibiting activation of both Ire1alpha and ATF6, both of which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress transducers in the UPR. Furthermore, PS1 mutants also disturbed activation of PERK (PKR-like ER kinase), which plays a crucial role in inhibiting translation during ER stress. Taken together, these observations suggested that PS1 mutations could affect signaling pathways controlled by each of the respective ER-stress transducers, possibly through a gain-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Katayama
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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30
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Aoki M, Tamatani M, Taniguchi M, Yamaguchi A, Bando Y, Kasai K, Miyoshi Y, Nakamura Y, Vitek MP, Tohyama M, Tanaka H, Sugimoto H. Hypothermic treatment restores glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) expression in ischemic brain. Molecular Brain Research 2001; 95:117-28. [PMID: 11687283 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mild hypothermia is a well-known method of reducing brain damage caused by traumatic, hypoxic, and ischemic injury. To elucidate the neuroprotective mechanism induced by hypothermic treatment, we compared gene expression profiles in the hippocampus of gerbils rendered ischemic for 15 min and then reperfused for 3 h under conditions of normothermia (37+/-0.5 degrees C) or hypothermic treatment (34+/-0.5 degrees C). Using the differential display method, we observed significantly reduced expression of the 78 kDa glucose regulated protein (GRP78), in ischemic gerbil hippocampus that underwent normothermic reperfusion, but normal GRP78 expression in animals that underwent hypothermic reperfusion. In situ hybridization and Northern blot analysis showed GRP78 mRNA expression was reduced in the CA1 region of the hippocampus under normothermic conditions, but was not reduced under hypothermic conditions. Western blot analysis also showed the levels of immunoreactive GRP78 protein decreased in neurons of the hippocampal CA-1 region under normothermia, but not under hypothermic treatments. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of GRP78 protects rat hippocampal neurons from cell death and inhibits the rise in intracellular calcium concentration normally induced by hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that reduction in GRP78 expression contributes to cell damage in the ischemic brain and that hypothermia-mediated restoration of GRP78 expression is one mechanism that enhances neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aoki
- Department of Traumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Mitsuda N, Ohkubo N, Maeda N, Ohkubo N, Tohyama M, Ogihara T. [Transcriptional regulation of the presenilin-1 gene by cAMP-response element binding protein]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2001; 38:772-4. [PMID: 11774720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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32
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Tohyama M, Hashimoto K. [Hypersensitivity syndrome and HHV-6]. Nihon Rinsho 2001; 59:2285-92. [PMID: 11712420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypersensitivity syndrome (HS) has been recognized as one of severe adverse drug eruptions. HS has several characteristic features as follows. First, the clinical symptoms are high fever, multiple lymphadenopathy, severe skin rash, mononucleosis and multiple visceral involvement. Secondly, those symptoms appear two to six weeks after the initiation of drug administration. Thirdly, HS is induced by the specific drugs, carbamazepine, phenytoin, salazosulfapyridine, allopurinol, diaphenylsulphone, and mexiletine. Recently, we reported the association of HS with reactivation of HHV-6, the causative virus for exanthem subitum. We propose the new disease entity of HHV-6-associated drug eruption (HADE) because HS is composed of two clinical phases, drug allergic reaction in the early phase and HHV-6 reactivation in the late phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicice
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33
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Kawakami K, Kinjo Y, Yara S, Uezu K, Koguchi Y, Tohyama M, Azuma M, Takeda K, Akira S, Saito A. Enhanced gamma interferon production through activation of Valpha14(+) natural killer T cells by alpha-galactosylceramide in interleukin-18-deficient mice with systemic cryptococcosis. Infect Immun 2001; 69:6643-50. [PMID: 11598033 PMCID: PMC100038 DOI: 10.1128/iai.69.11.6643-6650.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We showed recently that activation of Valpha14(+) natural killer T cells (NKT cells) by alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) resulted in increased gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and host resistance to intravenous infection with Cryptococcus neoformans. In other studies, interleukin-18 (IL-18) activated NKT cells in collaboration with IL-12, suggesting the possible contribution of this cytokine to alpha-GalCer-induced IFN-gamma synthesis. Here we examined the role of IL-18 in alpha-GalCer-induced Th1 response by using IL-18KO mice with this infection. In these mice, levels of IFN-gamma in serum and its synthesis in vitro by spleen cells stimulated with live organisms were not reduced, but rather enhanced, compared to those in wild-type (WT) mice, while such production was completely absent in IL-12KO mice. The enhanced production of IFN-gamma correlated with increased IL-12 synthesis but not with reduced production of IL-4, which was rather increased. IFN-gamma synthesis in IL-18KO mice was abolished by neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibody and significantly inhibited by neutralization of endogenous IL-4 with a specific monoclonal antibody. In addition, administration of recombinant IL-4 significantly enhanced the production of IFN-gamma in WT mice. Finally, the enhanced production of IFN-gamma in IL-18KO mice correlated with increased host defense against cryptococcal infection, as indicated by enhancement in alpha-GalCer-related clearance of microorganisms. Our results indicated that in IL-18KO mice, IFN-gamma synthesis was enhanced through overproduction of IL-12 and IL-4 after intravenous infection with C. neoformans and a ligand-specific activation of Valpha14(+) NKT cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kawakami
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
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34
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Mori Y, Tohyama M. [The mechanism for dendritic localization of alpha CaMKII mRNA]. Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 2001; 46:1970-6. [PMID: 11593749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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35
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Tohyama M, Shirakara Y, Yamasaki K, Sayama K, Hashimoto K. Differentiated keratinocytes are responsible for TNF-alpha regulated production of macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha/CCL20, a potent chemokine for Langerhans cells. J Dermatol Sci 2001; 27:130-9. [PMID: 11532377 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(01)00127-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The recruitment of immature dendritic cells into the epidermis is a key step in the development of cutaneous immunity, although the mechanism remains to be clarified. Recently, it was reported that both macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha (MIP-3alpha)/CCL20 produced by keratinocytes and TNF-alpha are important in recruiting Langerhans cells (LC) to the epidermis. In this study, we examined the production of MIP-3alpha by human keratinocytes stimulated with TNF-alpha. Cultured keratinocytes showed enhanced expression of MIP-3alpha mRNA and protein when stimulated with TNF-alpha. In addition, conditioned medium from TNF-alpha-stimulated keratinocyte cultures induced the migration of L1.2 cells expressing CCR6. We next examined the production of MIP-3alpha in stratified keratinocytes and found that, in contrast to non-stratified keratinocytes, stimulation with TNF-alpha increased the expression of MIP-3alpha mRNA and protein. Moreover, skin samples grown in organ culture and treated with TNF-alpha showed MIP-3alpha in the keratinocytes of the spinous layer, but not in the basal layer, by immunofluorescence staining. Based on these results, we postulate that MIP-3alpha produced by keratinocytes in the spinous layer in response to TNF-alpha stimulation is a key chemokine responsible for the epidermal recruitment of Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Shigenobucho, Onsengun, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.
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36
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Utsumi M, Ohno K, Onchi H, Sato K, Tohyama M. Differential expression patterns of three glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT1 and EAAC1) in the rat main olfactory bulb. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 92:1-11. [PMID: 11483236 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate is the main neurotransmitter in the olfactory bulb. Therefore, glutamate transporters, which regulate the concentration of extracellular glutamate, might play pivotal roles in odor processing. In this study, we examined expressions of three glutamate transporters (GLAST, GLT1 and EAAC1) in the olfactory bulb using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. EAAC1 mRNA was expressed in neurons, such as periglomerular cells, tufted cells, mitral cells and granule cells as shown before in other brain areas. In contrast, GLAST and GLT1 were found in glial cells throughout the olfactory bulb, with intenser expressions in the glomerular layer, external plexiform layer and internal plexiform layer where glutamatergic synapses are concentrated. In addition, using double staining immunohistochemistry we clearly showed that GLAST and GLT1 were expressed in astrocytes. Furthermore, we found that GLAST was also intensely expressed in the subependymal layer where precursor cells exist. These results suggest each glutamate transporter plays its unique role not only in glutamatergic neurotransmission but also in cell differentiation and migration in the olfactory bulb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Utsumi
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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37
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Yui D, Yoneda T, Oono K, Katayama T, Imaizumi K, Tohyama M. Interchangeable binding of Bcl10 to TRAF2 and cIAPs regulates apoptosis signaling. Oncogene 2001; 20:4317-23. [PMID: 11466612 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2001] [Revised: 03/09/2001] [Accepted: 04/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Bcl10 was identified as a candidate gene responsible for low grade B cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Overexpression of Bcl10 in cultured cells was reported to promote apoptosis, however, the mechanism of regulation of apoptosis mediated by Bcl10 has not been demonstrated. In the present study, we analysed the apoptosis signaling pathway mediated by Bcl10, focusing on phosphorylation of Bcl10 and the dynamic interaction with its binding partners during apoptosis. Previously, we have demonstrated that Bcl10 potentially interacts with the other apoptosis regulator, TNF receptor associated factor-2 (TRAF2) and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs). The present results showed that the complex formation of these molecules was regulated by phosphorylation of Bcl10, that is, phosphorylation of Bcl10 resulted in binding of Bcl10 to cIAPs and the dissociation of it from TRAF2. Moreover, hyperphosphorylation of Bcl10 enhanced apoptosis, suggesting that changes in the binding partners of Bcl10 were correlated to the promotion of apoptosis as mediated by Bcl10. Indeed, the mutant which was deleted from the binding site of Bcl10 for cIAPs, could not induce apoptosis. These findings indicate that Bcl10 is a mediator of apoptosis signaling, by switching over binding to cIAPs from TRAF2 through the events of Bcl10 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Yui
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University. 2-2 Yamadaoka Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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38
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Qian ZW, Tohyama M, Hua Q, Shimizu K. [Dynamic variance of intracellular metabolic energies under rhythmical control for dissolved oxygen in PHB mixed cultivation]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:441-4. [PMID: 11702705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The mixed cultivation using cheaper carbon source-wasted food material contained glucose and lactate at the same time was conducted in 5L fermentor, within which glucose was converted to lactate by L. delbrueckii in anaerobic condition and the lactate was converted to PHB by R. eutropha in aerobic condition. Considering dissolved oxygen concentration may affect the level of intracellular ATP and NADPH of the metabolic pathways for R. eutropha in lactate under autotrophy or heterotrophy, rhythmical oscillated control for DO based on chaos control method was consequently presented. This method was employed to satisfy two strains for opposite oxygen preferences, moreover, excite the intracellular metabolic energy simultaneously. The values examined through spectrophotofluorimetry represented that both ATP and NADPH exhibited fluctuations in accordance with the DO rhythm. By means of this control design, the concentration of PHB can be doubled than the usual under stable DO control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z W Qian
- National Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering of China, Beijing 100080, China.
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39
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Yara S, Kawakami K, Kudeken N, Tohyama M, Teruya K, Chinen T, Awaya A, Saito A. FTS reduces bleomycin-induced cytokine and chemokine production and inhibits pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Clin Exp Immunol 2001; 124:77-85. [PMID: 11359445 PMCID: PMC1906028 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM), an antitumour drug, is known to cause interstitial pneumonia followed by pulmonary fibrosis, and has often been used to produce an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. In the present study, we examined the effect of a nonapeptide thymic hormone, facteur thymique serique (FTS), on the murine lung fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation of BLM. Treatment with FTS ameliorated BLM-induced fibrotic changes in a dose-dependent manner, as indicated by the reduced accumulation of hydroxyproline (HP). In addition, FTS suppressed BLM-induced cellular inflammatory response in the lungs, as evidenced by inhibition of increased lung weight, reduced accumulation of inflammatory leucocytes, including lymphocytes and neutrophils, but not macrophages, and less pronounced histopathological changes. Finally, BLM challenge increased the local synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and chemokines, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha RANTES, MIP-2 and KC, while administration of FTS suppressed the production of these cytokines, except for MCP-1. These effects of FTS were observed only when mice received intratracheal instillation with BLM. Considered collectively, our results indicated that FTS treatment ameliorated the cellular inflammatory responses and fibrotic changes in the lungs caused by BLM and such inhibition was well correlated with reduced synthesis of several fibrosis-related cytokines, and suggested that FTS may be potentially useful for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bleomycin/toxicity
- Chemokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Female
- Inflammation
- Instillation, Drug
- Leukocyte Count
- Leukocytes/metabolism
- Leukocytes/pathology
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/pathology
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/chemically induced
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/drug therapy
- Lung Diseases, Interstitial/pathology
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Neutrophil Infiltration
- Organ Size/drug effects
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/prevention & control
- Thymic Factor, Circulating/administration & dosage
- Thymic Factor, Circulating/pharmacology
- Thymic Factor, Circulating/therapeutic use
- Trachea
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yara
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa and Mitsui Pharmaceuticals Inc., Chiba, Japan
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40
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Kanamori S, Shinzato T, Toyoda K, Tohyama M, Hirata T, Nakasone H, Higa F, Tateyama M, Kusano N, Sakugawa H, Saito A. [Clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri group]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2001; 75:464-8. [PMID: 11494562 DOI: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.75.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We described the clinical and bacteriological features of 12 cases of liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) during a 6-year period from 1993 to 1998. The gender was 11 males and 1 female with their ages ranging from 39 to 76 years old (mean: 53.4). The common symptoms were fever (100%), abdominal pain (67%), and appetite loss (58%). Nine cases had underlying diseases such as carcinomas and diabetes mellitus. Predominant causes of the liver abscess were cryptogenic (42%) and biliary tract disease (33%). Three patients died of an exacerbation of the carcinoma. Eight cases (67%) was single infection of SMG and no mixed infection with anaerobes. No strains isolated in this series showed resistance against penicillin G and ampicillin. SMG was highly isolated from the blood culture in eight of the 11 cases (73%). Liver abscess should be taken into consideration as one of the causes of SMG septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kanamori
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus
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41
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Imaizumi K, Miyoshi K, Katayama T, Yoneda T, Taniguchi M, Kudo T, Tohyama M. The unfolded protein response and Alzheimer's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1536:85-96. [PMID: 11406343 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(01)00049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of calcium homeostasis, inhibition of protein glycosylation, and reduction of disulfide bonds provoke accumulation of unfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and are therefore a type of 'ER stress'. Normal cells respond to ER stress by increasing transcription of genes encoding ER-resident chaperones such as GRP78/BiP, GRP94 and protein disulfide isomerase to facilitate protein folding. This induction system is termed the unfolded protein response. Familial Alzheimer's disease-linked presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress. The mechanisms by which mutant PS1 affects the ER stress response are attributed to the inhibited activation of ER stress transducers such as IRE1, PERK and ATF6.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Imaizumi
- Division of Structural Cell Biology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma Nara, Japan.
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42
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Abstract
Although peptide transport across the plasma membrane has been characterized well in the kidney and the intestine, the functional relevance of this transport in other organs has not been addressed. Here we report the cloning of a cDNA for a novel peptide/histidine transporter found in the rat (rPHT2), whose mRNA is expressed mainly in the lymphatic system. rPHT2 encodes a protein of 582 amino acids and showed 49% identity with the brain PHT (PHT1) [Yamashita, Shimada, Guo, Sato, Kohmura, Hayakawa, Takagi and Tohyama (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 10205-10211]. rPHT2 mRNA was abundant in lung, spleen and thymus, and detected faintly in brain, liver, adrenal gland and heart by Northern-blot analysis and reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Intense signals for the gene were found in immunocytes using in situ hybridization. Ectopic expression of rPHT2 protein in HEK-293T cells and BHK cells was not found on the cell surface, but was found on the lysosomal membrane using light- and electron-microscopic analysis. Recombinant rPHT2 protein reconstituted into liposomes showed proton-dependent transport activity with histidine and histidyl-leucine. These findings suggest that rPHT2 is involved in the protein catabolic pathway in the lymphatic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakata
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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43
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Matsuzaki H, Tamatani M, Yamaguchi A, Namikawa K, Kiyama H, Vitek MP, Mitsuda N, Tohyama M. Vascular endothelial growth factor rescues hippocampal neurons from glutamate-induced toxicity: signal transduction cascades. FASEB J 2001; 15:1218-20. [PMID: 11344093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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44
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45
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Yoneda T, Imaizumi K, Oono K, Yui D, Gomi F, Katayama T, Tohyama M. Activation of caspase-12, an endoplastic reticulum (ER) resident caspase, through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2-dependent mechanism in response to the ER stress. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13935-40. [PMID: 11278723 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010677200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 625] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When accumulation of a malfolded protein in the endoplastic reticulum (ER) is induced by various adverse conditions, such as hypoxia, glucose starvation, and perturbation of calcium homeostasis, cells respond to the stress by increasing transcription of genes encoding ER molecular chaperones, a process known as unfolded protein response. The signaling is initiated by IRE1s, ER stress sensors. Alternatively, excessive stress to the ER results in apoptosis. Caspase-12 is known to be essential for this ER stress-induced apoptosis. In this study, we analyzed the detailed regulatory mechanisms of IRE1s during ER stress. We identified c-Jun N-terminal inhibitory kinase (JIK) as a binding partner of IRE1alpha, and JIK was seen to modulate IRE1alpha-TRAF2 (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2) complex formation and the resultant alteration to c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling from IRE1s in response to ER stress. We also demonstrated that TRAF2 interacts with procaspase-12 and promotes the clustering of procaspase-12 and its activation by cleavage in response to ER stress. These results indicate that TRAF2 plays crucial roles not only in the signaling of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway but also in activation of caspase-12 to transduce signals from IRE1s. Thus, we provide a missing link in the ER stress-induced apoptosis-signaling pathway, one which connects the stress sensor molecule IRE1 and the activation of caspase-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoneda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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46
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Mitsuda N, Ohkubo N, Tamatani M, Lee YD, Taniguchi M, Namikawa K, Kiyama H, Yamaguchi A, Sato N, Sakata K, Ogihara T, Vitek MP, Tohyama M. Activated cAMP-response element-binding protein regulates neuronal expression of presenilin-1. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:9688-98. [PMID: 11116137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006153200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon binding to the cAMP-response element of a gene's promoter, the transcription factor known as cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) facilitates transcription of many different neuronal genes including those involved with synaptic function. Based on our previous reports of gene structure (GenBank accession number AF029701 ), we now demonstrate that activated CREB binds to the proximal promoter of the human presenilin-1 (PS-1) gene to activate PS-1 transcription in rat and in human neuronal cells. Specific stimulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate subtype of neuronal glutamate receptors activates CREB and results in increased PS-1 expression. Similarly, treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor activates CREB and increases PS-1 expression in a dose-dependent fashion. By using adenovirus vectors expressing dominant negative forms of CREB, we were able to show that induction of PS-1 expression requires the activation of CREB. Conversely, constitutive expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) results in activation of CREB and increased PS-1 expression that can be blocked by the addition of selective MEK inhibitors. Our findings suggest a hypothesis where stimulation of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors signals CREB activation to enhance PS-1 gene product expression that contributes to normal neuronal functions.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Blotting, Northern
- Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/genetics
- Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
- Exons
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genes, Dominant
- Hippocampus/metabolism
- Humans
- Introns
- Luciferases/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Models, Genetic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- N-Methylaspartate/metabolism
- Neurons/metabolism
- Presenilin-1
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mitsuda
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
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Inagaki S, Ohoka Y, Sugimoto H, Fujioka S, Amazaki M, Kurinami H, Miyazaki N, Tohyama M, Furuyama T. Sema4c, a transmembrane semaphorin, interacts with a post-synaptic density protein, PSD-95. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:9174-81. [PMID: 11134026 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m009051200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Semaphorins are known to act as chemorepulsive molecules that guide axons during neural development. Sema4C, a group 4 semaphorin, is a transmembrane semaphorin of unknown function. The cytoplasmic domain of Sema4C contains a proline-rich region that may interact with some signaling proteins. In this study, we demonstrate that Sema4C is enriched in the adult mouse brain and associated with PSD-95 isoforms containing PDZ (PSD-95/DLG/ZO-1) domains, such as PSD-95/SAP90, PSD-93/chapsin110, and SAP97/DLG-1, which are concentrated in the post-synaptic density of the brain. In the neocortex, S4C is enriched in the synaptic vesicle fraction and Triton X-100 insoluble post-synaptic density fraction. Immunostaining for Sema4C overlaps that for PSD-95 in superficial layers I-IV of the neocortex. In neocortical culture, S4C is colocalized with PSD-95 in neurons, with a dot-like pattern along the neurites. Sema4C thus may function in the cortical neurons as a bi-directional transmembrane ligand through interacting with PSD-95.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Inagaki
- Group of Neurobiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Osaka University Faculty of Medicine, Yamadaoka 1-7, Suita-shi, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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48
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Tamatani M, Matsuyama T, Yamaguchi A, Mitsuda N, Tsukamoto Y, Taniguchi M, Che YH, Ozawa K, Hori O, Nishimura H, Yamashita A, Okabe M, Yanagi H, Stern DM, Ogawa S, Tohyama M. ORP150 protects against hypoxia/ischemia-induced neuronal death. Nat Med 2001; 7:317-23. [PMID: 11231630 DOI: 10.1038/85463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen-regulated protein 150 kD (ORP150) is a novel endoplasmic-reticulum-associated chaperone induced by hypoxia/ischemia. Although ORP150 was sparingly upregulated in neurons from human brain undergoing ischemic stress, there was robust induction in astrocytes. Cultured neurons overexpressing ORP150 were resistant to hypoxemic stress, whereas astrocytes with inhibited ORP150 expression were more vulnerable. Mice with targeted neuronal overexpression of ORP150 had smaller strokes compared with controls. Neurons with increased ORP150 demonstrated suppressed caspase-3-like activity and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) under hypoxia signaling. These data indicate that ORP150 is an integral participant in ischemic cytoprotective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamatani
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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49
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Yamaguchi A, Tamatani M, Matsuzaki H, Namikawa K, Kiyama H, Vitek MP, Mitsuda N, Tohyama M. Akt activation protects hippocampal neurons from apoptosis by inhibiting transcriptional activity of p53. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:5256-64. [PMID: 11054421 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m008552200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Survival factors suppress apoptosis by activating the serine/threonine kinase Akt. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying activated Akt's ability to protect neurons from hypoxia or nitric oxide (NO) toxicity, we focused on the apoptosis-related functions of p53 and caspases. We eliminated p53 by employing p53-deficient neurons and increased p53 by infection with recombinant adenovirus capable of transducing p53 expression, and we now show that p53 is implicated in the apoptosis induced by hypoxia or NO treatments of primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Although hypoxia and NO induced p53, treatment with insulin-like growth factor-1 significantly inhibited caspase-3-like activation, neuronal death and transcriptional activity of p53. These insulin-like growth factor-1 effects are prevented by wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor. Adenovirus-mediated expression of activated-Akt kinase suppressed p53-dependent transcriptional activation of responsive genes such as Bax, suppressed caspase-3-like protease activity and suppressed neuronal cell death with no effect on the cellular accumulation and nuclear translocation of p53. In contrast, overexpression of kinase-defective Akt failed to suppress these same activities. These results suggest a mechanism where Akt kinase activation reduces p53's transcriptional activity that ultimately rescues neurons from hypoxia- or NO-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamaguchi
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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50
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Ohkubo N, Mitsuda N, Tamatani M, Yamaguchi A, Lee YD, Ogihara T, Vitek MP, Tohyama M. Apolipoprotein E4 stimulates cAMP response element-binding protein transcriptional activity through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:3046-53. [PMID: 11042199 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m005070200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inheritance of the epsilon4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE4) is a major risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the association between APOE4 and AD is well documented, the mechanism by which apolipoprotein E exerts an isoform-specific effect on neurons in disease is unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that apoE4 stimulates the transcriptional activity of cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade in rat primary hippocampal neurons. In contrast, apoE3 was unable to stimulate CREB transcriptional activity and unable to activate the ERK pathway. Elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) levels are also involved because treatment with receptor-associated protein, nifedipine, MK801, removal of Ca(2+) from the medium and dantrolene all served to inhibit calcium elevation and attenuate the activation of CREB. Treatment with an apoE peptide was also found to facilitate transcription of the CREB-dependent genes, c-fos and Bcl-2. In contrast to treatment with apoE3, our findings suggest apoE4 and apoE-peptide induce a novel signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ohkubo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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