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Young C, Ravida N, Curtis M, Mazzotti F, Durrant B. 27 Comparison of cryoprotectants and their combinations in the optimisation of a sperm cryopreservation protocol in the Argentine black and white tegu ( Salvator merianae). Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 34:247-248. [PMID: 35231279 DOI: 10.1071/rdv34n2ab27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Young
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - N Ravida
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, USA
| | - M Curtis
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, USA
| | | | - B Durrant
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, Escondido, CA, USA
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Monin L, Ushakov DS, Arnesen H, Bah N, Jandke A, Muñoz-Ruiz M, Carvalho J, Joseph S, Almeida BC, Green MJ, Nye E, Hatano S, Yoshikai Y, Curtis M, Carlsen H, Steinhoff U, Boysen P, Hayday A. γδ T cells compose a developmentally regulated intrauterine population and protect against vaginal candidiasis. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:969-981. [PMID: 32472066 PMCID: PMC7567646 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-0305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This most comprehensive analysis to date of γδ T cells in the murine uterus reveals them to compose a unique local T-cell compartment. Consistent with earlier reports, most cells expressed a canonical Vγ6Vδ1 TCR, and produced interleukin (IL)-17A upon stimulation. Nonetheless, contrasting with earlier reports, uterine γδ T cells were not obviously intraepithelial, being more akin to sub-epithelial Vγ6Vδ1+ T cells at several other anatomical sites. By contrast to other tissues however, the uterine compartment also included non-Vγ6+, IFN-γ-producing cells; was strikingly enriched in young mice; expressed genes hitherto associated with the uterus, including the progesterone receptor; and did not require microbes for development and/or maintenance. This notwithstanding, γδ T-cell deficiency severely impaired resistance to reproductive tract infection by Candida albicans, associated with decreased responses of IL-17-dependent neutrophils. These findings emphasise tissue-specific complexities of different mucosal γδ cell compartments, and their evident importance in lymphoid stress-surveillance against barrier infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Monin
- ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - D S Ushakov
- ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - H Arnesen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Bah
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Team, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Jandke
- ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - M Muñoz-Ruiz
- ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - J Carvalho
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - S Joseph
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - B C Almeida
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - M J Green
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - E Nye
- Experimental Histopathology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - S Hatano
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Y Yoshikai
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - M Curtis
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - H Carlsen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - U Steinhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, University of Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - P Boysen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), N-0102, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Hayday
- ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK.
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Fifield BA, Talia J, Stoyanovich C, Elliott MJ, Bakht MK, Basilious A, Samsoondar JP, Curtis M, Stringer KF, Porter LA. Cyclin-like proteins tip regenerative balance in the liver to favour cancer formation. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:850-862. [PMID: 31574533 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. A variety of factors can contribute to the onset of this disease, including viral infection, obesity, alcohol abuse and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). These stressors predominantly introduce chronic inflammation leading to liver cirrhosis and finally the onset of HCC; however, approximately 20% of HCC cases arise in the absence of cirrhosis via a poorly defined mechanism. The atypical cyclin-like protein Spy1 is capable of overriding cell cycle checkpoints, promoting proliferation and has been implicated in HCC. We hypothesize that Spy1 promotes sustained proliferation making the liver more susceptible to accumulation of deleterious mutations, leading to the development of non-cirrhotic HCC. We report for the first time that elevation of Spy1 within the liver of a transgenic mouse model leads to enhanced spontaneous liver tumourigenesis. We show that the abundance of Spy1 enhanced fat deposition within the liver and decreased the inflammatory response. Interestingly, Spy1 transgenic mice have a significant reduction in fibrosis and sustained rates of hepatocyte proliferation, and endogenous levels of Spy1 are downregulated during the normal fibrotic response. Our results provide support that abnormal regulation of Spy1 protein drives liver tumorigenesis in the absence of elevated fibrosis and, hence, may represent a potential mechanism behind non-cirrhotic HCC. This work may implicate Spy1 as a prognostic indicator and/or potential target in the treatment of diseases of the liver, such as HCC. The cyclin-like protein Spy1 enhances lipid deposition and reduces fibrosis in the liver. Spy1 also promotes increased hepatocyte proliferation and onset of non-cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, Spy1 may be used as a potential target in the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bre-Anne Fifield
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Talia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlee Stoyanovich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Elliott
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin K Bakht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Basilious
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua P Samsoondar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keith F Stringer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa A Porter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Creeden A, Curtis M. Optimising default radiographic exposure factors using Deviation Index. Radiography (Lond) 2020; 26:308-313. [PMID: 32199801 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiographers have a duty to ensure that radiation doses to patients are as low as reasonably achievable. With digital technologies, exposure factors which achieve the optimum balance between image noise and patient dose must be sought. In digital radiography, Deviation Index (DI) values provide the radiographer with feedback on the appropriateness of individual exposures but can also be tracked as part of a departmental quality assurance programme. METHODS In November 2017, exposure logs were extracted from six digital radiography (DR) x-ray systems, collated and analysed. Five examinations were identified which frequently produced DI values outside the manufacturer's recommended Optimal Range (-3 to +2). Incremental improvements were made to the default exposure settings for these examinations via a cyclical process of modification and re-evaluation. A full data collection exercise was then repeated in April 2019. RESULTS At baseline, 10,658 out of 29,637 (36.0%) exposures had DI values outside the manufacturer's recommended Optimal Range, but for some individual examinations the proportion was as high as 547 out of 725 (74.5%). Following multiple optimisation cycles, the overall proportion of examinations outside the Optimal Range had fallen to 7611 out of 26,759 (28.4%). Default milliampere-seconds (mAs) values for these examinations were reduced by between 22% and 50%. CONCLUSION A marked reduction in patient doses can be achieved through a departmental programme of DI value monitoring and targeted optimisation of default exposure settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE DI values should be routinely monitored as part of routine quality assurance programmes. Radiographers have a responsibility to ensure that they possess a clear understanding of DI values and that appropriate exposure settings are selected for each individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Creeden
- Radiology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK.
| | - M Curtis
- Radiology Department, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Clifford Bridge Road, Coventry, CV2 2DX, UK
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Curtis M, Kateb M, Polgar J, Porter MM, Bédard M. Driving safety improves after individualized training: An RCT involving older drivers in an urban area. Traffic Inj Prev 2019; 20:595-600. [PMID: 31329470 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2019.1630826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to reproduce the results of a previous investigation on the safety benefits of individualized training for older drivers. We modified our method to address validity and generalizability issues. Methods: Older drivers were randomly assigned to one of the 3 arms: (1) education alone, (2) education + on road training, and (3) education + on road + simulator training. Older drivers were recruited from a larger urban community. At the pre- and posttests (separated by 4 to 8 weeks) participants followed driving directions using a Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation system. Results: Our findings support the positive influence of individualized on-road training for urban-dwelling older drivers. Overall, driving safety improved among drivers who received on-road training over those who were only exposed to an education session, F(1, 40) = 11.66, P = .001 (26% reduction in total unsafe driving actions [UDAs]). Statistically significant improvements were observed on observation UDAs (e.g., scanning at intersections, etc.), compliance UDAs (e.g., incomplete stop), and procedural UDAs (e.g., position in lane). Conclusion: This study adds to the growing evidence base in support of individualized older driver training to optimize older drivers' safety and promote continued safe driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gagnon
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - A Stinchcombe
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
- b Faculty of Human Sciences, Saint Paul University (Ottawa) , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Curtis
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - M Kateb
- a School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa , Ontario , Canada
| | - J Polgar
- c School of Occupational Therapy, Western University , London , Ontario , Canada
| | - M M Porter
- d Centre on Aging, and Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada
| | - M Bédard
- e Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- f Centre for Applied Health Research, St. Joseph's Care Group , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
- g Centre for Research on Safe Driving, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay , Ontario , Canada
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Calatayud N, Curtis M, Durrant B. 103 Hormonal stimulation and post-breeding sperm induction in the mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv31n1ab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The first choice of any captive animal program should be to promote natural breeding through appropriate diet and environmental conditions. However, in cases of poor reproductive performance, the administration of exogenous hormones can induce breeding behaviours and gamete release. Part of the approach to the Mountain yellow-legged frog recovery program is the collection of sperm for cryobanking as a means of preserving genetic diversity in a cost- and space-effective manner. To develop a protocol for induction of sperm release from Mountain yellow-legged frogs, we tested the administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (d-Ala6, des-Gly10 ethylamide LHRH derivative) and hCG singly or in combination. Once a month, animals were injected with a single dose of saline amphibian ringers (control) or 1 of 10 hormone treatments. Groups 1-4 received a single intraperitoneal injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administered in 4 different doses: (1) 0.3 μg/g body weight (bw); (2) 0.4 μg/g bw; (3) 0.6 μg/g bw; and (4) 1 μg/g bw. Groups 5 and 6 were injected with 5 and 10IU hCG/g bw, respectively, and groups 7-10 received a combined injection of hCG and GnRH in four different doses: (7) 5 IU/g hCG with 0.3 μg/g GnRH; (8) 10 IU/g hCG with 0.3 μg/g GnRH; (9) 5 IU/g hCG and 0.6 μg/g GnRH; and (10) 10 IU/g hCG and 0.6 μg/g GnRH. Hormone treatments began in July 2015, 2 months after the end of the breeding season to allow males a post-breeding recovery time. Monthly administration continued from July until December 2015, ending before the brumation period. In 2016, treatments resumed again in July, after another breeding period. In 2017, hormone treatments began in April, during the reproductive season, and continued until July. From July 2015 through November 2016, sperm concentration and motility were examined in response to hormones treatment groups 1, 3, 5, 6, and 7-10. In April 2017, based on previous results, experiments were redesigned to include group 9 from 2015-16, and two new groups, 2 and 4. Spermiation was not easily hormonally induced when administered from August-October 2015, August-September 2016, and in July 2017. These low-response periods coincided with post-breeding months when only 3.7% (3/81) of males responded to either 10 IU/g hCG, 0.6 μg/g GnRH, or a combination of 5 IU/g hCG and 0.6 μg/g GnRH. Sperm production was significantly affected (P<0.05) by the month of hormone administration and hormone treatments during the responsive periods (P<0.0001) of April-June and October-November. However, hormone doses and treatments had no significant effect on the average or total sperm concentration per male (P<0.05). Motility and speed of forward progression were not significantly affected by treatment (P<0.05). This study demonstrates the seasonality of sperm production in this species, which may be attributed to testicular recrudescence during the summer months following breeding. Without hormonal stimulation, spermiation did not occur during the nonreproductive part of the year.
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Cho B, Lee JS, Han JY, Cho E, Haura E, Lee K, Bauml J, Sanborn R, Curtis M, Attiyeh E, Haddish-Berhane N, Bae K, Knoblauch R, Sherman L, Lorenzi M, Park K. JNJ-61186372 (JNJ-372), an EGFR-cMET bispecific antibody, in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): An update on phase I results. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy292.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Park K, Ahn M, Lee S, Kim H, Hong M, Millington D, Curtis M, Triantos S, Chaplan S, Haddish-Berhane N, Knoblauch R, Aguilar Z, Laquerre S, Lorenzi M, Cho B. OA10.06 A First-in-Human Phase 1 Trial of the EGFR-cMET Bispecific Antibody JNJ-61186372 in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rady K, Blombery P, Westerman DA, Wall M, Curtis M, Campbell LJ, Seymour JF. "Reversible" myelodysplastic syndrome or ineffectual clonal haematopoiesis? - add(6p) myeloid neoplasm with a spontaneous cytogenetic remission. Leuk Res 2018; 73:1-4. [PMID: 30170269 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapy has inherent mutagenic potential and alters the bone marrow microenvironment after therapy. In some cases, this potentiates expansion of an aberrant clone and may lead to a therapy-related myeloid neoplasm if the clone overcomes selective pressure. We present the case of a 43-year-old woman diagnosed with an indolent, therapy-related myeloid neoplasm with an isolated chromosome 6p abnormality following treatment for de novo Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML), who manifest a sustained spontaneous cytogenetic remission two years later, possibly due to an ineffectual or non-dominant founding clone. This case reminds us to be mindful of the possibility that clonal haematopoiesis may not always equate to clinically relevant disease, even in the setting of an abnormal clonal karyotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rady
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - P Blombery
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D A Westerman
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - M Wall
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - M Curtis
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - L J Campbell
- Victorian Cancer Cytogenetics Service, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - J F Seymour
- Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Castle EV, Rathod K, Treibel T, Davies C, Guttmann O, Curtis M, Knight C, Moon J, Smith E, Weerackody R, Bourantas C, Wragg A, Mathur A, Pugliese F, Jones D. P1781An observational study assessing the value of computed tomography cardiac angiography (CTCA) in planning invasive angiographic procedures in patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG). Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.p1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E V Castle
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Rathod
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Treibel
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Davies
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - O Guttmann
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Curtis
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Knight
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Smith
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Weerackody
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Bourantas
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Wragg
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Mathur
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Pugliese
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Jones
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Cardiac Imaging, London, United Kingdom
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Gagnon S, Stinchcombe A, Curtis M, Kateb M, Aljied R, Polgar J, Porter M, Bedard M. ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE DRIVING TRAINING PROGRAM FOR OLDER ADULT DRIVERS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Gagnon
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - A. Stinchcombe
- Lakehead University, Thunderbay, Ontario, Canada,
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M. Curtis
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M. Kateb
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - R. Aljied
- Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada,
| | - J. Polgar
- University of Western, London, Ontario, Canada,
| | - M.M. Porter
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M. Bedard
- Lakehead University, Thunderbay, Ontario, Canada,
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Boyd L, Powers M, Curtis M, Kiser A, Smith M, Wickham S, Patrick C, Bodman T. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE 8-FOOT UP-AND-GO AND POWER IN OLDER ADULTS. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. Boyd
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - M. Powers
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - M. Curtis
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - A. Kiser
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - M. Smith
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - S. Wickham
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - C. Patrick
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
| | - T. Bodman
- Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, Oklahoma
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Granholm AC, Curtis M, Diamond DM, Branch BJ, Heman KL, Rose GM. Development of an Intact Blood-Brain Barrier in Brain Tissue Transplants is Dependent on the Site of Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2017; 5:305-14. [PMID: 8689041 DOI: 10.1177/096368979600500219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of fetal septal forebrain tissue was performed to the anterior chamber of the eye, or intracranially to the rostral hippocampal formation in rats, to evaluate the impact of transplantation site on the development of an intact blood–brain barrier (BBB). The tissue was studied at 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk following transplantation by means of intravenous injection of Trypan blue, which is a vital stain not normally penetrating the BBB, as well as with an antibody specifically directed against the rat BBB, SMI71. In the intraocular septal transplants, there was a significant leakage of Trypan blue 1 wk postgrafting, associated with a few laminin-immunoreactive blood vessels that did not contain any SMI71-immunoreactivity. However, at 2 wk postgrafting, the intraocular grats exhibited an extensive plexus of thin-walled blood vessels expressing SMI71 immunoreactivity and no Trypan blue leakage. Thus, it appeared that a BBB had developed to some degree by 2 wk postgrafting in oculo. In the intracranial grafts, on the other hand, Trypan blue leakage could be seen as long as 3 wk postgrafting, and a dense plexus of blood vessels with SMI71 immunoreactivity was first seen at 4 wk postgrafting. Thus, the development of Trypan blue impermeability was delayed with 1 to 2 wk in the intracranial versus the intraocular grafts. Control experiments using psychological stress in adult rats as a means to transiently disrupt the BBB revealed that an increase in Trypan blue leakage correlated well with the disappearance of SMI71 immunoreactivity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the site of transplantation can influence the development of an intact BBB in neural tissue grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Granholm
- Department of Basic Science, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, USA
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Bell E, McElroy J, Fleming J, Timmers C, Chakraborty A, Salavaggione A, Chang S, Shaw E, Aldape K, Brachman D, Schultz C, Shih H, Curtis M, Hunter G, Murtha A, Zhang P, Won M, Mehta M, Chakravarti A. A Mutation and Prognostic Biomarker Study in Grade II and III Gliomas Utilizing a Combined Cohort of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9802 and 9813. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Coscia F, Watters KM, Curtis M, Eckert MA, Chiang CY, Tyanova S, Montag A, Lastra RR, Lengyel E, Mann M. Integrative proteomic profiling of ovarian cancer cell lines reveals precursor cell associated proteins and functional status. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12645. [PMID: 27561551 PMCID: PMC5007461 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A cell line representative of human high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) should not only resemble its tumour of origin at the molecular level, but also demonstrate functional utility in pre-clinical investigations. Here, we report the integrated proteomic analysis of 26 ovarian cancer cell lines, HGSOC tumours, immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells and fallopian tube epithelial cells via a single-run mass spectrometric workflow. The in-depth quantification of >10,000 proteins results in three distinct cell line categories: epithelial (group I), clear cell (group II) and mesenchymal (group III). We identify a 67-protein cell line signature, which separates our entire proteomic data set, as well as a confirmatory publicly available CPTAC/TCGA tumour proteome data set, into a predominantly epithelial and mesenchymal HGSOC tumour cluster. This proteomics-based epithelial/mesenchymal stratification of cell lines and human tumours indicates a possible origin of HGSOC either from the fallopian tube or from the ovarian surface epithelium. High-grade serous ovarian cancer is the most common and aggressive ovarian cancer, with uncertain cell of origin. Here, the authors undertake a mass spectrometric analysis of 26 cancer cell lines and identify a protein signature that classifies ovarian cancer tissues into epithelial and mesenchymal groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Coscia
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - K M Watters
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Curtis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M A Eckert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - C Y Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - S Tyanova
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - A Montag
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - R R Lastra
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - E Lengyel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - M Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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Abstract
To investigate factors associated with residents’ choice of type of Medicaid-funded community residential care setting in western Washington State. Method: Prospective cohort design including residents new to any of three setting types (264 residents entering 170 different facilities), using data from state and Medicaid databases and in-person interviews. The authors used analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression to examine bivariate associations and estimate effects of resident and facility characteristics on choice of facility type at baseline. Results: Several resident characteristics appear to be associated with choice of community residential care setting, including age, marital status, education, functional status, and reported memory and behavior problems. Facility policies differ significantly among types of facilities and also appear to be associated with choice of setting. Discussion: Selection processes operate in choice of community residential care setting, with residents choosing facility type based on the fit of their needs with facility characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Sales
- Veterans Administration Puget Sound Health Care System, USA
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O'Hare B, Curtis M. Health spending, illicit financial flows and tax incentives in Malawi. Malawi Med J 2014; 26:133-137. [PMID: 26167264 PMCID: PMC4325349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This analysis examines the gaps in health care financing in Malawi and how foregone taxes could fill these gaps. It begins with an assessment of the disease burden and government health expenditure. Then it analyses the tax revenues foregone by the government of Malawi by two main routes: Illicit financial flows (IFF) from the country, Tax incentives. We find that there are significant financing gaps in the health sector; for example, government expenditure is United States Dollars (USD) 177 million for 2013/2014 while projected donor contribution in 2013/2014 is USD 207 million and the total cost for the minimal health package is USD 535 million. Thus the funding gap between the government budget for health and the required spending to provide the minimal package for 2013/2014 is USD 358 million. On the other hand we estimate that almost USD 400 million is lost through IFF and corporate utilization of tax incentives each year. The revenues foregone plus the current government health spending would be sufficient to cover the minimal public health package for all Malawians and would help tackle Malawi's disease burden. Every effort must be made, including improving transparency and revising laws, to curtail IFF and moderate tax incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O'Hare
- Senior Lecturer in Global Health Implementation, College of Medicine, University of Malawi and University of St Andrews, Scotland
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Jewell A, Watters K, Mitra A, Bao R, Chiang C, Curtis M, Andrade J, Yamada D, Lengyel E. MicroRNA 206 is associated with longer overall survival and platinum sensitivity in serous epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Tcherepanova I, Curtis M, Sale M, Miesowicz F, Nicolette C. SAT0193 Results of a randomized placebo controlled phase ia study of AGS-009, a humanized anti-interferon-α monoclonal antibody in subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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21
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Young C, Curtis M, Ravida N, Mazotti F, Durrant B. 109 DEVELOPMENT OF A SPERM CRYOPRESERVATION PROTOCOL FOR THE ARGENTINE BLACK AND WHITE TEGU (TUPINAMBIS MERIANAE). Reprod Fertil Dev 2014. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv26n1ab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Only 891 of the approximately 5600 lizard species have been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Of those, at least one-third are threatened with extinction. However, there is no organised effort to preserve their genetic diversity through semen banking. As part of an invasive species monitoring program, Argentine black and white tegus were captured in the Florida Everglades. Following postmortem examination, sperm was collected by flushing the vas deferens and used as a model for the development of sperm cryopreservation protocols for related endangered lizards. Initial motility score (IMS; % motile × speed of progression2), plasma membrane integrity (IPL) and acrosome integrity (IAC) were recorded before freezing. Sperm was extended in TES and Tris (TEST)-yolk buffer with a final glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentration of 8, 12, or 16%, and frozen in vials at 0.3, 1, or 6.3°C min–1. Vials were thawed at 37°C for 90 s. Cryoprotectant (CPA) was removed by centrifugation and resuspension of the sperm pellet in M199, at which time (T0) all variables were assessed and expressed as the percentage of initial (%IMS, %IPL, and %IAC). Statistical tests included multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) and Student's t-test. Over all CPA concentrations and freeze methods, DMSO was significantly better than glycerol in maintaining %IMS (P = 0.01; 37.32 ± 3.5 and 25.44 ± 3.09, respectively) and %IAC (P < 0.01; 81.45 ± 3.45 and 22.99 ± 3.03, respectively). The 2 CPA were equally successful in protecting %IPL (P = 0.77; 56.61 ± 5.62 and 54.42 ± 4.93, respectively). The slowest freeze rate of 0.3°C min–1 was more successful than 1 and 6.3°C min–1 in preserving %IMS (P = 0.01; 37.85 ± 3.29, 26.03 ± 4.45, and 21.91 ± 4.45, respectively) and %IPL (P < 0.01; 77.43 ± 2.54, 27.99 ± 3.44, and 42.32 ± 3.44, respectively). The %IAC was not significantly affected by freeze rate (P = 0.14; 58.06 ± 6.89, 36.14 ± 9.33, and 42.99 ± 9.33, respectively). The interaction between CPA and freeze method affected %IMS (P < 0.01) and %IAC (P < 0.01), but did not affect %IPL (P = 0.28). All variables were affected (P < 0.05) by concentration of cryoprotectant as well as the interaction between freeze method and cryoprotectant concentration. To simplify these analyses and to determine the best overall freeze method for this species, a sperm quality index (SQI) was calculated, giving equal weight to each of the 3 measured indicators of cryosurvival. Table 1 depicts the product of %IMS, %IPL, and %IAC for each treatment. Because there were significant interactions between treatment parameters, each treatment was compared with all others (a–f). The SQI analysis revealed that tegu sperm frozen at 0.3°C min–1 in 8% DMSO exhibited a significantly higher post-thaw viability compared with all other treatments.
Table 1.Sperm quality index (SQI) of thawed tegu sperm
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Serdani M, Curtis M, Miller ML, Kraus J, Putnam ML. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Specific and Rapid Detection of Rhodococcus fascians. Plant Dis 2013; 97:517-529. [PMID: 30722233 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-02-12-0214-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rhodococcus fascians is a phytopathogenic actinobacterium which causes leafy galls and other plant distortions that result in economically significant losses to nurseries producing ornamental plants. Traditional assays for detection and identification are time-consuming and laborious. We developed a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic assay based on two primer pairs, p450 and fas, which target the fasA and fasD genes, respectively, that are essential for pathogenicity. We also developed a faster, more convenient, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the fasR gene, which regulates expression of virulence genes. Both assays were evaluated for sensitivity and specificity in vitro and in planta. The p450 and fas primers amplified DNA only from pure cultures of pathogenic reference isolates of R. fascians. Nonpathogenic isolates and 51 other plant-associated bacteria were not amplified. The PCR primers correctly detected pathogenic R. fascians from 73 of 75 (97%) bacterial strains isolated from naturally infected plants. The PCR assay correctly discriminated between pathogenic R. fascians and other bacteria in 132 of 139 (95%) naturally infected plants, and in 34 of 34 (100%) artificially inoculated plants. The fas primers were slightly more accurate than the p450 primers. The LAMP assay accurately detected pathogenic R. fascians in 26 of 28 (93%) naturally infected plants and did not react with 23 asymptomatic plants. The LAMP primers also amplified product for DNA extracts of 40 of 41 bacterial strains isolated from plants with leafy galls. The detection limit of both the PCR and LAMP assays was approximately 103 CFU/30-μl reaction. These new tools allow fast, reliable, and accurate detection of R. fascians in vitro and in planta. The LAMP assay in particular is a significant advancement in rapid R. fascians diagnostics, and enables those with limited laboratory facilities to confirm the presence of this pathogen in infected plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serdani
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - M Curtis
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - M L Miller
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - J Kraus
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - M L Putnam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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Svarovskaia ES, Curtis M, Zhu Y, Borroto-Esoda K, Miller MD, Berg T, Lavocat F, Zoulim F, Kitrinos KM. Hepatitis B virus wild-type and rtN236T populations show similar early HBV DNA decline in adefovir refractory patients on a tenofovir-based regimen. J Viral Hepat 2013; 20:131-40. [PMID: 23301548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2012.01638.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) pol/RT mutations that confer clinical resistance to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) have not been detected to date. In vitro, the rtN236T adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-associated resistance mutation confers low-level cross-resistance to tenofovir: 3- to 13-fold changes in EC(50) from wild type. This study evaluated the clinical response of rtN236T mutant viruses by comparing their early viral load decay kinetics to wild-type viruses in chronic HBV monoinfected patients harbouring rtN236T prior to initiating TDF or emtricitabine (FTC)/TDF therapy. Baseline samples (n = 105) from adefovir refractory patients were tested for the presence of rtN236T using a highly sensitive allele-specific PCR assay with an rtN236T detection cut-off of 0.5%. The rtN236T mutation was detected at baseline in 14.3% (14/98) of analysable patient samples (0.5-93.2%, rtN236T percentage range). The median change in total HBV DNA at week 24 was comparable for patients with rtN236T detected at baseline (-3.7 log(10) copies/mL, n = 14) as compared to patients with wild-type HBV (-3.2 log(10) copies/mL, n = 90). In patients with rtN236T, wild-type and rtN236T mutant virus showed similar rates of HBV DNA decline with no statistically significant difference observed at week 4. Moreover, the proportion of rtN236T remained unchanged in patients in either arm of the study during treatment. In conclusion, the rtN236T mutant virus showed similar HBV DNA decline kinetics to wild-type virus in adefovir refractory patients who switched to TDF or FTC/TDF. Despite low levels of cross-resistance in vitro, TDF similarly suppresses wild-type and rtN236T mutant viruses in vivo.
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Lorang J, Kidarsa T, Bradford CS, Gilbert B, Curtis M, Tzeng SC, Maier C, Wolpert TJ. Tricking the guard: exploiting plant defense for disease susceptibility. Science 2012; 338:659-62. [PMID: 23087001 PMCID: PMC4125361 DOI: 10.1126/science.1226743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Typically, pathogens deploy virulence effectors to disable defense. Plants defeat effectors with resistance proteins that guard effector targets. We found that a pathogen exploits a resistance protein by activating it to confer susceptibility in Arabidopsis. The guard mechanism of plant defense is recapitulated by interactions among victorin (an effector produced by the necrotrophic fungus Cochliobolus victoriae), TRX-h5 (a defense-associated thioredoxin), and LOV1 (an Arabidopsis susceptibility protein). In LOV1's absence, victorin inhibits TRX-h5, resulting in compromised defense but not disease by C. victoriae. In LOV1's presence, victorin binding to TRX-h5 activates LOV1 and elicits a resistance-like response that confers disease susceptibility. We propose that victorin is, or mimics, a conventional pathogen virulence effector that was defeated by LOV1 and confers virulence to C. victoriae solely because it incites defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Lorang
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - T. Kidarsa
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - C. S. Bradford
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - B. Gilbert
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | - M. Curtis
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
| | | | | | - T. J. Wolpert
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Gene Research and
Biotechnology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902
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Wald D, Wang A, Trager J, Carroll G, Curtis M, Cripe J. 48 Impact of an Office-Based Emergencies Course for Podiatry Students on Self-reported Clinical Skills. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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26
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Wald D, Wang A, Trager J, Carroll G, Curtis M, Cripe J. 193 Self-Reported Clinical Skills of Dental Students Completing an Office-Based Emergencies Course. Ann Emerg Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.06.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Cooper KM, Curtis M, Wan Hussin WMR, Barrio Froján CRS, Defew EC, Nye V, Paterson DM. Implications of dredging induced changes in sediment particle size composition for the structure and function of marine benthic macrofaunal communities. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:2087-2094. [PMID: 21872890 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A meta-analysis approach was used to assess the effect of dredging induced changes in sediment composition, under different conditions of natural physical disturbance, for the structure and function of marine benthic macrofaunal communities. Results showed the sensitivity of macrofaunal communities increased as both the proportion of gravel increased and the level of natural physical disturbance decreased. These findings may be explained by the close association of certain taxa with the gravel fraction, and the influence of natural physical disturbance which, as it increases, tends to restrict the colonisation by these species. We conclude that maintaining the gravel content of surface sediments after dredging and, where practicable, locating extraction sites in areas of higher natural disturbance will minimise the potential for long-term negative impacts on the macrofauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Cooper
- The Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Suffolk NR33 OHT, UK.
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Futema M, Whittall R, Wood G, Curtis M, McEwan J, Humphries S. Identification of patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) through the application of genetic testing in young mi patients from the MINAP register. Atherosclerosis 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rivera J, Gee SK, Curtis M, Boehm-Davis DA, Jentsch F. The Visual Approach: Evaluating the Relative Impact of Perceptual and Conceptual Training. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1071181311551323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cryan J, Catháin NO, Curtis M, Cassidy M, Brett FM. The contribution of alcohol to fatal traumatic head injuries in the forensic setting. Ir Med J 2010; 103:303-305. [PMID: 21560501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Excessive drinking increases the risk of dying unnaturally. In the Republic of Ireland such deaths are referred to the State Pathologist. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is routinely measured. We created a database of cases presenting to the State Pathologist over a nine year period (2000-2008 inclusive) to evaluate the relationship between alcohol and fatal traumatic brain injuries (FTBI). Of a total of 1778 cases, 332 (275 Male [M]; 57 Female [F]) died of head injuries. Fatalities were highest in males aged 36-50 (N = 97) and 26-35 (N = 73). Assaults (N = 147), falls (N = 95), road traffic accidents (RTA) (N = 50) and suicide (N = 15) were the commonest modes of presentation. A positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was found in 36% of assaults, 41% of falls and 40% of suicides. In the RTA group BAC was positive in 59% of pedestrians, 33% of drivers and 14% of passengers. Alcohol clearly plays a significant role in FTBI in the forensic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cryan
- Department of Neuropathology, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin 9.
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Kefford R, Arkenau H, Brown MP, Millward M, Infante JR, Long GV, Ouellet D, Curtis M, Lebowitz PF, Falchook GS. Phase I/II study of GSK2118436, a selective inhibitor of oncogenic mutant BRAF kinase, in patients with metastatic melanoma and other solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.8503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Herbert AM, Pelz JB, Calderwood L, Cook M, Curtis M, DeAngelis C, Garrison B. Searching for symmetry: Eye movements during a difficult symmetry detection task. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.13.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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33
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Toor I, Bakhai A, Keogh B, Curtis M, Yap J. Age >=75 years is associated with greater resource utilization following coronary artery bypass grafting. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2009; 9:827-31. [DOI: 10.1510/icvts.2009.210872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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34
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Curtis M. Joy of shared health records. West J Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.b2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Motherway J, Doorly M, Curtis M, Gilchrist M. Head impact biomechanics simulations: A forensic tool for reconstructing head injury? Leg Med (Tokyo) 2009; 11 Suppl 1:S220-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2009.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To culture collagen-producing cells derived from skin fibroblasts and o evaluate prospectively the safety and potential use of this cell preparation for treatment of refractory lateral epicondylitis in a pilot study. DESIGN Prospective clinical pilot study. SETTING Institution-based clinical research. PATIENTS A total of 12 patients (5 men and 7 women; mean age 39.1 years) with clinical diagnosis of refractory lateral epicondylitis. INTERVENTIONS Laboratory-prepared collagen-producing cells derived from dermal fibroblasts were injected into the sites of intrasubstance tears and fibrillar discontinuity of the common extensor origin under ultrasonography guidance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The outcome assessment was performed over 6 months. The Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) scale was used to assess pain severity and functional disability. Tendon healing response was measured using four criteria on ultrasonography: tendon thickness, hypoechogenicity, intrasubstance tears and neovascularity. RESULTS Cell cultures rich in collagen-producing cells was successfully prepared. After injection, the median PRTEE score decreased from 78 before the procedure to 47 at 6 weeks, 35 at 3 months and 12 at 6 months after the procedure (p<0.05). The healing response on ultrasonography showed median decrease in: (1) number of tears, from 5 to 2; (2) number of new vessels, from 3 to 1; and (3) tendon thickness, from 4.35 to 4.2 (p<0.05). Of the 12 patients, 11 had a satisfactory outcome, and only one patient proceeded to surgery after failure of treatment at the end of 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Skin-derived tenocyte-like cells can be cultured in the laboratory to yield a rich preparation of collagen-producing cells. Our pilot study suggests that these collagen-producing cells can be injected safely into patients and may have therapeutic value in patients with refractory lateral epicondylitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Connell
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, HA7 4LP, UK.
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Kirker-Head C, Karageorgiou V, Hofmann S, Fajardo R, Betz O, Merkle HP, Hilbe M, von Rechenberg B, McCool J, Abrahamsen L, Nazarian A, Cory E, Curtis M, Kaplan D, Meinel L. BMP-silk composite matrices heal critically sized femoral defects. Bone 2007; 41:247-55. [PMID: 17553763 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2007.04.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2006] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical drawbacks of bone grafting prompt the search for alternative bone augmentation technologies such as use of growth and differentiation factors, gene therapy, and cell therapy. Osteopromotive matrices are frequently employed for the local delivery and controlled release of these augmentation agents. Some matrices also provide an osteoconductive scaffold to support new bone growth. In this study, silkworm-derived silk fibroin was evaluated as an osteoconductive matrix for healing critical sized mid-femoral segmental defects in nude rats. Four treatment groups were assessed over eight weeks: silk scaffolds (SS) with recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSC) that had been pre-differentiated along an osteoblastic lineage ex vivo (Group I; pdHMSC/rhBMP-2/SS); SS with rhBMP-2 and undifferentiated HMSCs (Group II; udHMSC/rhBMP-2/SS); SS and rhBMP-2 alone (Group III; rhBMP-2/SS); and empty defects (Group IV). Bi-weekly radiographs revealed a progressive and similar increase in Group I-III mean defect mineralization through post-operative week (POW) 8. Radiographs, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, and micro-computed tomography confirmed that Groups I-III exhibited similar substantial and significantly (p<0.05) greater defect mineralization at POW 8 than the unfilled Group IV defects which remained void of bone. No significant differences in Groups I-III defect healing at POW 8 were apparent using these same assays or mechanical testing. Histology at POW 8 revealed moderately good bridging of the parent diaphyseal cortices with woven and lamellar bone bridging islands of silk matrix in Groups I and III. Group II defects possessed comparatively less new bone which was most abundant adjacent to the parent bone margins. Elsewhere the silk matrix was more often enveloped by poorly differentiated loose fibrous connective tissue. Group IV defects showed minimal new bone formation. None of the treatment groups attained the mean mineralization or the mean biomechanical strength of identical defects implanted with SS and pdHMSCs alone in a previous study. However, addition of rhBMP-2 to SS prompted more bone than was previously generated using udHMSC/SS or SS alone. These data imply the clinical potential of silk scaffolds and rhBMP-2 as composite osteopromotive implants when used alone or with select stem cell populations. Additional studies in larger species are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kirker-Head
- Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, USA
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Stewart DJ, Hilton JD, Arnold JMO, Gregoire J, Rivard A, Archer SL, Charbonneau F, Cohen E, Curtis M, Buller CE, Mendelsohn FO, Dib N, Page P, Ducas J, Plante S, Sullivan J, Macko J, Rasmussen C, Kessler PD, Rasmussen HS. Angiogenic gene therapy in patients with nonrevascularizable ischemic heart disease: a phase 2 randomized, controlled trial of AdVEGF121 (AdVEGF121) versus maximum medical treatment. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1503-11. [PMID: 16791287 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The demonstration that angiogenic growth factors can stimulate new blood vessel growth and restore perfusion in animal models of myocardial ischemia has led to the development of strategies designed for the local production of angiogenic growth factors in patients who are not candidates for conventional revascularization. The results of recent clinical trials of proangiogenesis gene therapy have been disappointing; however, significant limitations in experimental design, in particular in gene transfer strategies, preclude drawing definitive conclusions. In the REVASC study cardiac gene transfer was optimized by direct intramyocardial delivery of a replication-deficient adenovirus-containing vascular endothelial growth factor (AdVEGF121, 4 x 10(10) particle units (p.u.)). Sixty-seven patients with severe angina due to coronary artery disease and no conventional options for revascularization were randomized to AdVEGF121 gene transfer via mini-thoracotomy or continuation of maximal medical treatment. Exercise time to 1 mm ST-segment depression, the predefined primary end-point analysis, was significantly increased in the AdVEGF121 group compared to control at 26 weeks (P=0.026), but not at 12 weeks. As well, total exercise duration and time to moderate angina at weeks 12 and 26, and in angina symptoms as measured by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Class and Seattle Angina Questionnaire were all improved by VEGF gene transfer (all P-values at 12 and 26 weeks < or =0.001). However, if anything the results of nuclear perfusion imaging favored the control group, although the AdVEGF121 group achieved higher workloads. Overall there was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups, despite the fact that procedure-related events were seen only in the thoracotomy group. Therefore, administration of AdVEGF121 by direct intramyocardial injections resulted in objective improvement in exercise-induced ischemia in patients with refractory ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Stewart
- Division of Cardiology, St Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Rm. 6050 Queen Wing, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cowart M, Faghih R, Gfesser G, Curtis M, Sun M, Zhao C, Bennani Y, Wetter J, Marsh K, Miller TR, Krueger K, Pan JB, Drescher K, Fox GB, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. Achievement of behavioral efficacy and improved potency in new heterocyclic analogs of benzofuran H3 antagonists. Inflamm Res 2005; 54 Suppl 1:S25-6. [PMID: 15928820 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-004-0411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Cowart
- Department R4MN, AP9A-216, Abbott Laboratories, Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, IL 60064-6123, USA.
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Curtis M, Graves N, Birrell F, Walker S, Henderson B, Shaw M, Whitby M. A comparison of competing methods for the detection of surgical-site infections in patients undergoing total arthroplasty of the knee, partial and total arthroplasty of hip and femoral or similar vascular bypass. J Hosp Infect 2004; 57:189-93. [PMID: 15236846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2003] [Accepted: 03/05/2004] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent research suggests that the retrospective review of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-9-CM) codes assigned to a patient episode will identify a similar number of healthcare-acquired surgical-site infections as compared with prospective surveillance by infection control practitioners (ICP). We tested this finding by replicating the methods for 380 surgical procedures. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICP undertaking prospective surveillance was 80% and 100%, and the sensitivity and specificity of the review of ICD-10-AM codes was 60% and 98.9%. Based on these results we do not support retrospective review of ICD-10-AM codes in preference prospective surveillance for SSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Curtis
- Centre for Healthcare Related Infection Surveillance and Prevention, Queensland Health, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Level 1, Building 17, Ipswich Road, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia.
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Cowart M, Faghih R, Gfesser G, Curtis M, Pratt JK, Bennani Y, Fox GB, Esbenshade TA, Hancock AA. The medicinal chemistry of novel H 3 antagonists. Inflamm Res 2004; 53 Suppl 1:S69-70. [PMID: 15054624 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-003-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2003] [Accepted: 01/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Cowart
- Global Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, 100 Abbott Park Road, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-6123, USA.
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Eggermann T, Curtis M, Zerres K, Hughes HE. Maternal uniparental disomy 16 and genetic counseling: new case and survey of published cases. Genet Couns 2004; 15:183-90. [PMID: 15287418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the occurrence of both homologous chromosomes from one parent. Maternal UPD(16) is the most often reported UPD other than UPD(15); almost all cases are associated with confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Most of maternal UPD(16) cases are characterised by intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and different congenital malformations. Maternal UPD(16) has therefore been suspected to have clinical effects: however, the lack of uniqueness and specificity of the birth defects observed suggests that the phenotype may be related in parts to placental insufficiency. We report on a new case of maternal UPD(16) associated with low level trisomy 16 mosaicism in placenta and fetus. IUGR was noticed at 19 gestational weeks and the fetus died intrauterine. Apart from different craniofacial dysmorphisms she showed anal atresia. While IUGR is probably associated with trisomy 16 mosaicism, anal atresia is more characteristic for maternal UPD( 16). Considering the features in our patient as well as those in maternal UPD (16) cases from the literature, indications for UPD (16) testing can be defined: They include trisomy 16 mosaicism, IUGR and congenital anomalies (anal atresia, congenital heart defects). However, there is an overlap of clinical signs in mosaic trisomy 16 cases mosaic for maternal UPD(16) as opposed to those mosaic for biparental disomy 16. The management of trisomy 16 pregnancies should not differ from those in which maternal UPD(16) is confirmed. Therefore, a prenatal testing for UPD(16) is not useful, but it should be offered postnatally. The molecular genetic proof of maternal UPD(16) excludes an increased recurrence risk for the family for further pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Eggermann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Aachen, Germany.
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Shivaprasad HL, Woolcock PR, McFarland MD, Curtis M, Karabats N. Turlock-like bunyavirus associated with encephalomyelitis and myocarditis in an ostrich chick. J Vet Diagn Invest 2003; 14:363-70. [PMID: 12296386 DOI: 10.1177/104063870201400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fall of 1995, a 20-day-old female ostrich chick, 1 of a group of 20, was presented live with clinical signs of 2 days duration characterized by unsteady gait, circling to the left, and walking backward. Another bird with similar clinical signs had died and another had recovered. The bird was euthanized and examined at necropsy. Twenty-five milliliters of serous fluid was in the abdominal cavity and there was increased pericardial fluid. Histopathology of the brain revealed mild to moderate nonsuppurative encephalitis characterized by mild multifocal malacia, perivascular cuffing by lymphocytes, and gliosis. The heart had multifocal infiltrations of lymphocytes mixed with macrophages and a few plasma cells throughout the myocardium. Cytopathic effects were observed in primary chicken embryo liver cells following inoculation with a tissue homogenate prepared from the brain of the affected ostrich. Virus particles the size and morphology of the family Bunyaviridae were observed in cell culture lysate by negative-stain electron microscopy. Viral characterization demonstrated that the virus isolate is a previously unknown serotypic variant (subtype) of Turlock virus. Twelve of 65 sera collected over a 3-year period from ostriches aged from 1 month to 4 years were positive for neutralizing antibody to both the Turlock prototype strain and the new subtype of Turlock virus described in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis 93725, USA
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Curtis M, Southard G. Synthesis of Oligoferrocenylenearylenes
and the X-Ray Structure of 1,4-Bis(tricarbonylmethyltungstentetramethylcyclopentadienyl)benzene. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2002. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Gallia GL, DelValle L, Laine C, Curtis M, Khalili K. Concomitant progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and primary central nervous system lymphoma expressing JC virus oncogenic protein, large T antigen. Mol Pathol 2001; 54:354-9. [PMID: 11577180 PMCID: PMC1187095 DOI: 10.1136/mp.54.5.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This report describes the concomitant occurrence of the JC virus (JCV) induced demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) and a primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNS-L) in a patient with AIDS. Postmortem neuropathological examination revealed characteristic features of PML including multiple lesions of demyelination, enlarged oligodendrocytes with hyperchromatic nuclei (many containing eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions), and enlarged astrocytes with bizarre hyperchromatic nuclei. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated the expression of the JCV capsid protein VP-1 in the nuclei of infected oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. The PCNS-L lesion located in the basal ganglia was highly cellular, distributed perivascularly, and consisted of large atypical plasmacytoid lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical examination of this neoplasm identified it to be of B cell origin. Moreover, expression of the JCV oncogenic protein, T antigen, was detected in the nuclei of the neoplastic lymphocytes. This study provides the first evidence for a possible association between JCV and PCNS-L.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Gallia
- Center for NeuroVirology and Cancer Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, 1900 North 12th Street, Room 203, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- I Darby
- University of Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Curtis M. Christian group attacks UN health fund push. Calls new fund unrealistic. AIDS Alert 2001; 16:101-2. [PMID: 11547698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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Luzi P, Rafi MA, Zaka M, Curtis M, Vanier MT, Wenger DA. Generation of a mouse with low galactocerebrosidase activity by gene targeting: a new model of globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease). Mol Genet Metab 2001; 73:211-23. [PMID: 11461188 DOI: 10.1006/mgme.2001.3194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) is a severe leukodystrophy caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene leading to extremely low (less than 5% of normal activity) GALC activity. Human patients include primarily severely affected infants as well as patients with a later onset of symptoms. The infants usually die before 2 years of age, but it is difficult to predict the clinical course in older patients. In addition to these patients, additional individuals identified in this laboratory have 10--20% of normal GALC activity measured in accessible tissues. These individuals have a wide range of clinical presentations involving neurological degeneration. On molecular analysis of the GALC gene they all have three or more mutations considered to be normal polymorphisms resulting in amino acid changes in the two copies of the GALC gene. In order to investigate the role these amino acid changes may play on clinical, biochemical, and pathological findings, a new transgenic mouse was generated by homologous recombination. After preliminary studies determined what effect each amino acid change had on mouse GALC activity in transient transfection experiments, mice containing a cysteine residue at codon 168 instead of histidine (H168C) were produced. These mice developed symptoms, but they were delayed by 10--15 days from the well-characterized twitcher (twi) mouse. They accumulated psychosine slightly slower than twi mice, showed pathological changes less severe than twi mice in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and live about 15 days longer than twi mice. They have large litters and will play a role in therapy trials using new procedures currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Luzi
- Department of Neurology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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50
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