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Asadi SE, Khademi M, Yarahmadi S, Ebrahimzadeh F, Mohammadi E. A comparison of nurses and elderly patients' perceptions of caring behaviors in intensive care units. Enferm Intensiva (Engl Ed) 2023; 34:80-89. [PMID: 37295921 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Differences in patients and nurses' perceptions of caring behaviors arouse patient dissatisfaction. Continuous monitoring and assessment of caring behaviors has revealed its problems, and this in turn would promote care services by planning rational interventions and removing the problems. The present study aimed to compare nurses and elderly patients' perceptions of nurses' caring behaviors in intensive care units in accordance with Watson's transpersonal caring theory. METHODS In this descriptive-analytical study, 70 nurses were selected using the census method, and 70 elderly patients over 60 years old were also selected using purposive sampling method from the intensive care units of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences during 2012-2013. Caring Behavior Inventory for Elders (CBI-E) was adopted in this research to detect the nurses and elderly patients' perceptions of caring behaviors. In the data analysis phase, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Pearson correlation tests were used. RESULTS The research findings revealed no statistically significant difference between the total scores of nurses' 83.80 (22.93), 95% CI [78.40, 89.20] and elderly patients' 80.09 (26.00), 95% CI [74, 86.20] perception of nurses' caring behaviors (P=0.379). From the viewpoint of the nurses and elderly patients, responding quickly to a patient's call 100.00 (0.00), 95% CI [100.00, 100.00] had the highest mean scores and patient participation in caring process had the lowest mean scores among nurses 22.86 (33.71), 95% CI [15.00, 30.80] and elderly patients 14.29 (28.41), 95% CI [7.63, 20.90]. CONCLUSION This study indicated the elderlies and nurses' similar perceptions of caring behaviors in intensive care units. This finding would help nurses to recognize and prioritize the elderly patients' care needs, thereby promoting the quality of care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - M Khademi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - S Yarahmadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - F Ebrahimzadeh
- Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - E Mohammadi
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Mohammadi Ziarani G, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Badiei A, Varma RS. The Synthesis of 2,2-BIS(1-INDOL-3-YL)Acenaphthylene-1(2)-Ones Using Nanocatalysis: Fluorescent Sensing for Cu 2+ Ions. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 2022; 29:463-475. [DOI: 10.2478/eces-2022-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
2,2-bis(1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-ones were synthesised by the reaction of acenaphthenequinone and 2 equivalents of indole using Fe3O4@SiO2@Si-Pr-NH-CH2CH2NH2 as the basic magnetic nanocatalyst, assembled under greener and sustainable conditions in high purity and yields. Furthermore, the photoluminescence properties of 2,2-bis(2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)acenaphthylene-1(2H)-one were exploited for the sensing of copper ions in the mixed solvent systems comprising H2O and CH3CN in excitation wavelength at 410 nm with a detection limit of 9.5 ∙ 10–6 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Alzahra , Tehran , Iran , P.O. Box: 1993893973, phone/fax: +98821 6613927
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Alzahra , Tehran , Iran , P.O. Box: 1993893973, phone/fax: +98821 6613927
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Alzahra , Tehran , Iran , P.O. Box: 1993893973, phone/fax: +98821 6613927
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of Chemistry, College of Science , University of Tehran , Iran
| | - Rajender S. Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute , Palacky University , Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc , Czech Republic
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Asadi S, Khademi M, Yarahmadi S, Ebrahimzadeh F, Mohammadi E. A comparison of nurses and elderly patients’ perceptions of caring behaviors in intensive care units. Enfermería Intensiva 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfi.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Ziarani GM, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Badiei A. The Application of Modified SBA-15 as a Chemosensor. CNM 2022; 7:4-24. [DOI: 10.2174/2405461506666210420132630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
:
The Santa Barbara Amorphous (SBA-15), with a large surface area covered with abundant
Si-OH active groups on the walls of its pores, can be modified with various organic compounds
to build organic-inorganic hybrid materials, which can be used as a catalyst in organic reactions,
drug delivery systems, nano sorbent due to its high capacity for removing heavy metals in
waste water and as chemosensors for ions. Tunable and straight channels of SBA-15 facilitate the
entrance and diffusion of ions through the channels. This paper presents a review of the past five
years of literature covering the application of SBA-15 as an ions chemosensor in the liquid and
gaseous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Badiei
- School of
Chemistry, Collage of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Ziarani GM, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Yadav S, Tomar R. Recent Advances in the Application of Barbituric Acid Derivatives in Multicomponent Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666211229150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Barbituric acid is a pyrimidine heterocyclic organic compound, which is pharmacologically active. It is important to build structures containing various medicinal activities. This compound attracts the scientific research community in organic synthesis. It can be used in the synthesis of polyheterocyclic, natural, medicinal compounds, and organic sensors. Herein, the utilization of barbituric or thiobarbituric acid in multicomponent reactions is reported from 2016-2021 in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Sangeete Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
| | - Ravi Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
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Mihandoust S, Khademi M, Radfar M. Stages of grieving in fathers of autistic children: a qualitative study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021; 25:7698-7708. [PMID: 34982431 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202112_27616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The grieving process in parents of these children is an ongoing and cyclic one since there is no real end to it. We explored the experience of grief and feelings of loss in fathers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in the west and northwest of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis. Fourteen fathers took part in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS Six categories were identified in relation to the stages of grief: 1- "Uncertainty of dealing with the unpleasant unknown"; 2- "Being hurt and broken inside"; 3- "Isolation and concealment as a consequence of the pressure caused by ignorance"; 4- "Search for cause"; 5- "Search for a cure"; 6- "Breaking or blooming". CONCLUSIONS Fathers of children with ASD go through intense and continuous sorrow and grief. According to our findings, it is recommended that health care professionals work collaboratively with fathers and provide support upon receiving the diagnosis of their child.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mihandoust
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Khademi M, Shekaari MA, Parizi MT, Poureslami H. Comparison of nerve fibers in the deciduous first and second molar teeth: an in vitro study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:43-48. [PMID: 32193813 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sensory nerves of the tooth pulp have been evolved in both deciduous and permanent teeth for conducting possible damages to the teeth. Although it has been reported that the deciduous tooth's pulp is histologically similar to permanent teeth, the difference in the density of nerves between the first and second deciduous molars has been reported in no studies. AIM The aim of the study was to investigate the histological assay of pulpal nerves and assess the relationship between diameter and density of nerve fibres in the first and second deciduous molar teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this in vitro study, 15 deciduous first and 16 deciduous second extracted from molar teeth belonging to children aged from 5 to 8 years were studied. After fixation, the decalcified teeth were sectioned and then stained with silver solution and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibody. The mean diameter of myelinated fibres, un-myelinated fibres, and density of peripheral network fibres of dental pulp were examined. RESULTS The results showed that the mean diameter of myelinated and non-myelinated fibres and density of nerve fibres were significantly more in the second molars (4.269, 2.328 µm, 2.6 fibres per unit area) compared to the first molar teeth (3.793, 2.093 µm, 1.8 fibres per unit area) (P < 0.032, 0.019, 0.003, respectively). An important finding in this study, which is reported for the first time, is the presence of fatty cells (adipocytes) in pulp tissue of some of the first deciduous molars as well as the second molars. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results of the current study, differences between nerve fibres of first and second molar teeth are significant. It could be concluded that the less sensitivity to pain of the first deciduous molars compared with the second deciduous molars, is due to the lower nerve density of this tooth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khademi
- Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - M A Shekaari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - M T Parizi
- Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - H Poureslami
- Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Hopia L, Andersson M, Svenungsson E, Khademi M, Piehl F, Tomson T. Epilepsy in systemic lupus erythematosus: prevalence and risk factors. Eur J Neurol 2019; 27:297-307. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Hopia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, StockholmSweden
| | - M. Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, StockholmSweden
| | - E. Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine Unit of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm Sweden
| | - M. Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, StockholmSweden
| | - F. Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, StockholmSweden
| | - T. Tomson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Neurology Karolinska Institutet och Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset Solna, StockholmSweden
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Yahyavi SN, Mazinan AH, Khademi M. Real-time high-resolution detection approach considering eyes and its states in video frames through intelligence-based representation. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-016-0016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ambati A, Poiret T, Svahn BM, Valentini D, Khademi M, Kockum I, Lima I, Arnheim-Dahlström L, Lamb F, Fink K, Meng Q, Kumar A, Rane L, Olsson T, Maeurer M. Increased β-haemolytic group A streptococcal M6 serotype and streptodornase B-specific cellular immune responses in Swedish narcolepsy cases. J Intern Med 2015; 278:264-76. [PMID: 25683265 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy associated with the HLA allele DQB1*06:02. Genetic predisposition along with external triggering factors may drive autoimmune responses, ultimately leading to the selective loss of hypocretin-positive neurons. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate potential aetiological factors in Swedish cases of postvaccination (Pandemrix) narcolepsy defined by interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production from immune cells in response to molecularly defined targets. METHODS Cellular reactivity defined by IFNγ production was examined in blood from 38 (HLA-DQB1*06:02(+) ) Pandemrix-vaccinated narcolepsy cases and 76 (23 HLA-DQB1*06:02(+) and 53 HLA-DQB1*06:02(-) ) control subjects, matched for age, sex and exposure, using a variety of different antigens: β-haemolytic group A streptococcal (GAS) antigens (M5, M6 and streptodornase B), influenza (the pandemic A/H1N1/California/7/09 NYMC X-179A and A/H1N1/California/7/09 NYMC X-181 vaccine antigens, previous Flu-A and -B vaccine targets, A/H1N1/Brisbane/59/2007, A/H1N1/Solomon Islands/3/2006, A/H3N2/Uruguay/716/2007, A/H3N2/Wisconsin/67/2005, A/H5N1/Vietnam/1203/2004 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004), noninfluenza viral targets (CMVpp65, EBNA-1 and EBNA-3) and auto-antigens (hypocretin peptide, Tribbles homolog 2 peptide cocktail and extract from rat hypothalamus tissue). RESULTS IFN-γ production was significantly increased in whole blood from narcolepsy cases in response to streptococcus serotype M6 (P = 0.0065) and streptodornase B protein (P = 0.0050). T-cell recognition of M6 and streptodornase B was confirmed at the single-cell level by intracellular cytokine (IL-2, IFNγ, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-17) production after stimulation with synthetic M6 or streptodornase B peptides. Significantly, higher (P = 0.02) titres of serum antistreptolysin O were observed in narcolepsy cases, compared to vaccinated controls. CONCLUSION β-haemolytic GAS may be involved in triggering autoimmune responses in patients who developed narcolepsy symptoms after vaccination with Pandemrix in Sweden, characterized by a Streptococcus pyogenes M-type-specific IFN-γ cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ambati
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Poiret
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B-M Svahn
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Valentini
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Lima
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Arnheim-Dahlström
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Lamb
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Fink
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Q Meng
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Rane
- Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Maeurer
- Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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De Campora G, Giromini L, Guerriero V, Hadjeasgari C, Khademi M, Zavattini G. Am I Angry or Hungry? Emotion Dysregulation Routes On the Onset of Overweight in Childhood. Eur Psychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(15)31043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kuhle J, Disanto G, Dobson R, Adiutori R, Bianchi L, Topping J, Bestwick JP, Meier UC, Marta M, Costa GD, Runia T, Evdoshenko E, Lazareva N, Thouvenot E, Iaffaldano P, Direnzo V, Khademi M, Piehl F, Comabella M, Sombekke M, Killestein J, Hegen H, Rauch S, D’Alfonso S, Alvarez-Cermeño JC, Kleinová P, Horáková D, Roesler R, Lauda F, Llufriu S, Avsar T, Uygunoglu U, Altintas A, Saip S, Menge T, Rajda C, Bergamaschi R, Moll N, Khalil M, Marignier R, Dujmovic I, Larsson H, Malmestrom C, Scarpini E, Fenoglio C, Wergeland S, Laroni A, Annibali V, Romano S, Martínez AD, Carra A, Salvetti M, Uccelli A, Torkildsen Ø, Myhr KM, Galimberti D, Rejdak K, Lycke J, Frederiksen JL, Drulovic J, Confavreux C, Brassat D, Enzinger C, Fuchs S, Bosca I, Pelletier J, Picard C, Colombo E, Franciotta D, Derfuss T, Lindberg RLP, Yaldizli Ö, Vécsei L, Kieseier BC, Hartung HP, Villoslada P, Siva A, Saiz A, Tumani H, Havrdová E, Villar LM, Leone M, Barizzone N, Deisenhammer F, Teunissen C, Montalban X, Tintoré M, Olsson T, Trojano M, Lehmann S, Castelnovo G, Lapin S, Hintzen R, Kappos L, Furlan R, Martinelli V, Comi G, Ramagopalan SV, Giovannoni G. Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study. Mult Scler 2015; 21:1013-24. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458514568827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: We explored which clinical and biochemical variables predict conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) in a large international cohort. Methods: Thirty-three centres provided serum samples from 1047 CIS cases with at least two years’ follow-up. Age, sex, clinical presentation, T2-hyperintense lesions, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oligoclonal bands (OCBs), CSF IgG index, CSF cell count, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH-D), cotinine and IgG titres against Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA-1) and cytomegalovirus were tested for association with risk of CDMS. Results: At median follow-up of 4.31 years, 623 CIS cases converted to CDMS. Predictors of conversion in multivariable analyses were OCB (HR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.71–2.77, p < 0.001), number of T2 lesions (two to nine lesions vs 0/1 lesions: HR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.52–2.55, p < 0.001; >9 lesions vs 0/1 lesions: HR = 2.74, 95% CI = 2.04–3.68, p < 0.001) and age at CIS (HR per year inversely increase = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, p < 0.001). Lower 25-OH-D levels were associated with CDMS in univariable analysis, but this was attenuated in the multivariable model. OCB positivity was associated with higher EBNA-1 IgG titres. Conclusions: We validated MRI lesion load, OCB and age at CIS as the strongest independent predictors of conversion to CDMS in this multicentre setting. A role for vitamin D is suggested but requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuhle
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK/ Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - G Disanto
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - R Dobson
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - R Adiutori
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - L Bianchi
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - J Topping
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - JP Bestwick
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and the London School for Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - U-C Meier
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - M Marta
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
| | - G Dalla Costa
- Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy
| | - T Runia
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - E Evdoshenko
- Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia
| | - N Lazareva
- Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia
| | - E Thouvenot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France
| | - P Iaffaldano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - V Direnzo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - M Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - F Piehl
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - M Comabella
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Sombekke
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network
| | - J Killestein
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network
| | - H Hegen
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - S Rauch
- Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - S D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, Eastern Piedmont University, Italy
| | | | - P Kleinová
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Horáková
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Roesler
- Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - F Lauda
- Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - S Llufriu
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Avsar
- Dr Orhan Öcalgiray Molecular Biology-Biotechnology and Genetics Research Centre, Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
| | - U Uygunoglu
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - A Altintas
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - S Saip
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - T Menge
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - C Rajda
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - N Moll
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d’histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - R Marignier
- Department of Neurology, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France
| | - I Dujmovic
- Clinic of Neurology, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Serbia
| | - H Larsson
- Unit of Functional Imaging, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Malmestrom
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Scarpini
- Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico
| | - C Fenoglio
- Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico
| | - S Wergeland
- KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - A Laroni
- Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - V Annibali
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - S Romano
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - AD Martínez
- Department of Neurology of Hospital Británico of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Carra
- Department of Neurology of Hospital Británico of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Salvetti
- Centre for Experimental Neurological Therapies, S. Andrea Hospital-site, Department of Neuroscience, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Italy
| | - A Uccelli
- Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Ø Torkildsen
- KG Jebsen Centre for MS-Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - KM Myhr
- Department of Neurology, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - D Galimberti
- Neurology Unit, Dept. of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Fondazione Cà Granda, IRCCS Policlinico
| | - K Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - J Lycke
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - JL Frederiksen
- Department of Neurology, Glostrup Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Drulovic
- Clinic of Neurology, Belgrade University School of Medicine, Serbia
| | - C Confavreux
- Department of Neurology, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, France
| | - D Brassat
- Department of Neurology, University of Toulouse, France
| | - C Enzinger
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - S Fuchs
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - I Bosca
- MS Unit, Neurology Department, La Fe University and Polytechnic Hospital, Instituto de investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Spain
| | - J Pelletier
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d’histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France
| | - C Picard
- Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Service de Neurologie, Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Timone, Laboratoire d’histocompatibilité, Etablissement Français du Sang Alpes Méditerrannée, Aix Marseille Université, France
| | - E Colombo
- C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Italy
| | - D Franciotta
- C. Mondino National Neurological Institute, Italy
| | - T Derfuss
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - RLP Lindberg
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ö Yaldizli
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Vécsei
- Department of Neurology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - BC Kieseier
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - HP Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - P Villoslada
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Siva
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, Turkey
| | - A Saiz
- Center for Neuroimmunology and Department of Neurology. Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS) – Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Tumani
- Department of Neurology, CSF Laboratory and MS Outpatient Unit, University of Ulm, Germany
| | - E Havrdová
- Department of Neurology, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - LM Villar
- Department of Neurology and Immunology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Spain
| | - M Leone
- MS Centre, SCDU Neurology, Head and Neck Department, AOU Maggiore della Carità, Italy
| | - N Barizzone
- Department of Health Sciences and IRCAD, Eastern Piedmont University, Italy
| | - F Deisenhammer
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
| | - C Teunissen
- Departments of Neurology and Clinical Chemistry, MS Center, Neurocampus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Centre Amsterdam, The Netherlands and BioMS-eu network
| | - X Montalban
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Tintoré
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d’Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya (Cemcat), Institut de Receca Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - M Trojano
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Italy
| | - S Lehmann
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France
| | - G Castelnovo
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionelle, CNRS UMR5203, INSERM U661, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier, France, and Hôpital Carémeau, France
| | - S Lapin
- Centre of Multiple Sclerosis, City Clinical Hospital#31, Russia
| | - R Hintzen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - L Kappos
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Furlan
- Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy
| | - V Martinelli
- Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology and INSPE, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Italy
| | - SV Ramagopalan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics and Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, University of Oxford, UK
| | - G Giovannoni
- Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK
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Ghasemzadeh I, Alavi-Nasr A, Khademi M, Kargar Kheirabad A, Gouklani H. Prevalence of Hepatitis C infection in Qeshm Island in 2013-2014, Iran. J Med Life 2015; 8:118-121. [PMID: 28316677 PMCID: PMC5348940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hepatitis has involved many individuals and has left many complications. Hepatitis C is a type of hepatitis connected with several dilemmas. The purpose of the research is to study the Hepatitis epidemiology C into the Island of Qeshm in 2014. Method: this was an interventional study conducted on 1500 inhabitants of Qeshm Island. Participants were selected by using cluster sampling. Five cc of blood was drawn from each participant in order to test for HCV-Ab with ELIZA technique. Positive samples were referred for PCR to investigate the presence of anti Hepatitis C anti body. Data were entered in SPSS v.16 after sample collection and are examined utilizing detailed census (prevalence, mean, percent and standard deviation) and chi-square. Results: out of 1500 participants, 986 (65.7%) are women and 514 (34.3 %) are men. HCV anti body was seen in four patients (0.3 percent). The outcomes of the research explained that not of the studied factors (age, gender, marital status, place of residence, educational level, history of IV drug abuse, being in jail, quitting addiction, risky sexual behavior, etc.) is related to antibody pervasiveness. Conclusion: The disease pervasiveness was 0.3 percent in Qeshm Island, that is compatible with the another research outcomes. Also, factors investigated for HCV were not recognized as HCV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ghasemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - A Alavi-Nasr
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - M Khademi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - A Kargar Kheirabad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - H Gouklani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Piryaei S, Khademi M. EPA-1137 – The moderating role of metacognition in relationship of perceived job stress and negative affect. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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15
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Le Maitre E, Lundberg K, Kosek E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Lampa J. FRI0111 Unexpected finding of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in cerebrospinal fluid of RA patients with intact blood brain barrier - potential for autoimmune reactions in the CNS. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sellebjerg F, Krakauer M, Khademi M, Olsson T, Sørensen PS. FOXP3, CBLB and ITCH gene expression and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 expression on CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells in multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:149-55. [PMID: 23039885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of the forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) transcription factor is regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases Itch and Cbl-b and induces regulatory activity CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells. Treatment with interferon (IFN)-β enhances regulatory T cell activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied the phenotype of CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells in MS by flow cytometry and its relationship with expression of the FOXP3, ITCH and CBLB genes. We found that untreated MS patients had lower cell surface expression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells and higher intracellular CTLA-4 expression than healthy controls. Cell surface expression of CTLA-4 on CD4(+) CD25(high) T cells correlated with expression of FOXP3 mRNA in untreated patients and increased significantly with time from most recent injection in patients treated with IFN-β. FOXP3 mRNA expression correlated with CBLB and ITCH and T helper type 2 cytokine mRNA expression in MS patients. These data link expression of FOXP3, CBLB and ITCH mRNA and CTLA-4 expression on the surface of CD4(+) CD25(high) T cell in MS. We hypothesize that this may reflect alterations in the inhibitory effect of CTLA-4 or in regulatory T cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sellebjerg
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Iacobaeus E, Hopia L, Khademi M, Lundén M, Hammarin AL, Svenungsson E, Andersson M. Analysis of JC virus DNA in NPSLE patients treated with different immunomodulatory agents. Lupus 2012; 22:307-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203312470977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this report is to assess the presence and viral load of JC polyomavirus (JCV) DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma from neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients in comparison to controls and to investigate if different types of immunosuppressive treatments were correlated to detection and viral load of JCV DNA in SLE. Background Reactivation of a latent JCV infection with subsequent development of the fatal disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has become an increasing problem in patients with autoimmune diseases treated with newer immunosuppressants. Accumulating data point out that SLE patients are at particular risk for PML compared to patients with other rheumatic diseases. Methods CSF samples ( n = 69) and plasma samples ( n = 51) from 71 SLE patients and 58 controls (53 CSF samples and 50 plasma samples) with other non-inflammatory neurological disease (OND) were analyzed for JCV DNA with a quantitative PCR method. Results All CSF and plasma samples from NPSLE patients and controls were negative for JCV DNA. Conclusion JCV DNA was absent in CSF and plasma in NPSLE patients and controls and consequently we were not able to identify any correlation between the occurrence of JCV DNA and type of immunosuppressive medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacobaeus
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - L Hopia
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - M Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - M Lundén
- Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Sweden
| | - A-L Hammarin
- Department of Preparedness, Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, Sweden
| | - E Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - M Andersson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
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Lindén M, Khademi M, Lima Bomfim I, Piehl F, Jagodic M, Kockum I, Olsson T. Multiple sclerosis risk genotypes correlate with an elevated cerebrospinal fluid level of the suggested prognostic marker CXCL13. Mult Scler 2012; 19:863-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458512463482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: The mechanisms of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis are still largely unknown. The heterogeneity of disease manifestations make the prediction of prognosis and choice of appropriate treatment protocols challenging. Recently, increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the B-cell chemokine CXCL13 was proposed as a possible marker for a more severe disease course and conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Objective: To investigate whether there are genetic susceptibility variants in MS that correlate with the levels of CXCL13 present in the CSF of MS patients. Methods: We genotyped the human leukocyte antigens HLA-DRB1 and HLA-A, plus a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been associated with susceptibility to MS and then correlated the genotypes with the levels of CXCL13, as measured with ELISA in the CSF of a total of 663 patients with MS, CIS, other neurological diseases (OND) or OND with an inflammatory component (iOND). Results: Presence of the HLA-DRB1*15 and the MS risk genotypes for SNPs in the RGS1, IRF5 and OLIG3/TNFAIP3 gene regions correlated significantly with increased levels of CXCL13. Conclusion: Our results pointed towards a genetic predisposition for increased CXCL13 levels, which in MS patients correlates with the severity of the disease course. These findings encourage further investigation and replication, in an independent patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lindén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Khademi
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Lima Bomfim
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - F Piehl
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Kockum
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Olsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet Stockholm, Sweden
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Mälarstig A, Silveira A, Wågsäter D, Öhrvik J, Bäcklund A, Samnegård A, Khademi M, Hellenius ML, Leander K, Olsson T, Uhlén M, de Faire U, Eriksson P, Hamsten A. Plasma CD93 concentration is a potential novel biomarker for coronary artery disease. J Intern Med 2011; 270:229-36. [PMID: 21332844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2011.02364.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A common nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CD93 gene (rs3746731, Pro541Ser) has been associated with risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). CD93 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is detectable in soluble form in human plasma. We investigated whether the concentration of soluble CD93 in plasma is related to risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and CAD, using a case-control study of premature MI (n = 764) and a nested case-control analysis of a longitudinal cohort study of 60-year-old subjects (analysis comprising 844 of 4232 subjects enrolled at baseline). In addition, SNPs in the CD93 gene were studied in relation to plasma CD93 concentration and CD93 mRNA expression. METHODS AND RESULTS A sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established for determination of the plasma CD93 concentration. Subjects were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the distribution of CD93 concentration. Lower odds ratios for risk of MI and incidence of CAD were observed in the middle CD93 tertile (142-173 μg L(-1) ): odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 0.69 (0.49-0.97) and 0.61 (0.40-0.94), respectively. These associations were independent of traditional CAD risk factors. The minor allele of a SNP in the 3' untranslated region of CD93 (rs2749812) was associated with increased plasma CD93 concentrations (P = 0.03) and increased CD93 mRNA expression levels (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that the concentration of soluble CD93 in plasma is a potential novel biomarker for CAD, including MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mälarstig
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Probstel AK, Dornmair K, Bittner R, Sperl P, Jenne D, Magalhaes S, Villalobos A, Breithaupt C, Weissert R, Jacob U, Krumbholz M, Kuempfel T, Blaschek A, Stark W, Gartner J, Pohl D, Rostasy K, Weber F, Forne I, Khademi M, Olsson T, Brilot F, Tantsis E, Dale RC, Wekerle H, Hohlfeld R, Banwell B, Bar-Or A, Meinl E, Derfuss T. Antibodies to MOG are transient in childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Neurology 2011; 77:580-8. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e318228c0b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Lindén M, Nohra R, Sundqvist E, Khademi M, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Kockum I. No evidence of IL21 association with multiple sclerosis in a Swedish population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 78:271-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2011.01734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hopia L, Thangarajh M, Khademi M, Laveskog A, Wallström E, Svenungsson E, Andersson M. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) are increased in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:363-72. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2010.550900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Andersson M, Khademi M, Wallström E, Olsson T. Cytokine profile in interferon-β treated multiple sclerosis patients: reduction of interleukin-10 mRNA expressing cells in peripheral blood. Eur J Neurol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1997.tb00407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Björkhem I, Lövgren-Sandblom A, Piehl F, Khademi M, Pettersson H, Leoni V, Olsson T, Diczfalusy U. High levels of 15-oxygenated steroids in circulation of patients with multiple sclerosis: fact or fiction? J Lipid Res 2010; 52:170-4. [PMID: 20934989 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d011072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
15-Oxygenated cholesterol species such as 5α-cholest-8(14)ene-3β,15α-diol (15HC) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-cholest-8(14)-en-15-one (15KC) are commercially available synthetic products unlikely to occur in biological systems. Surprisingly, Farez et al. recently reported that these two steroids occur in human circulation at levels considerably higher than those of any other endogenous oxysterol [Farez, M. et al. 2009. Toll-like receptor 2 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 promote central nervous system neuroinflammation in progressive EAE. Nat. Immunol. 10: 958-964]. The levels were reported to be increased in patients with multiple sclerosis in a progressive phase and the authors suggested that this could be utilized diagnostically. Based on extensive in vitro experiments exposing cells to the same high levels of 15HC as found in vivo (1000 ng/ml) the authors concluded that 15HC may be an important pathogenetic factor in multiple sclerosis. Using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry we fail to detect significant plasma levels of 15HC either in healthy controls or in patients with multiple sclerosis (levels < 2 ng/ml). If 15KC is present in these plasma samples, the concentration of it must be <10 ng/ml. Our failure to detect significant levels of the above steroids could not be due to loss during hydrolysis and work-up because recovery of the added two oxysterols was close to 100%. Autoxidation of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol resulted in extensive conversion of cholesterol into 7-oxygenated but not 15-oxygenated sterols. We conclude that if present there are trace amounts only of the above 15-oxygenated steroids in human circulation and that the role of such oxysterols as pathogenetic factors and biomarkers must be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Björkhem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Nohra R, Beyeen AD, Guo JP, Khademi M, Sundqvist E, Hedreul MT, Sellebjerg F, Smestad C, Oturai AB, Harbo HF, Wallström E, Hillert J, Alfredsson L, Kockum I, Jagodic M, Lorentzen J, Olsson T. RGMA and IL21R show association with experimental inflammation and multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2010; 11:279-93. [PMID: 20072140 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2009.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rat chromosome 1 harbors overlapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) for cytokine production and experimental models of inflammatory diseases. We fine-dissected this region that regulated cytokine production, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), anti-MOG antibodies and pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in advanced intercross lines (AILs). Analysis in the tenth and twelfth generation of AILs resolved the region in two narrow QTL, Eae30 and Eae31. Eae30 showed linkage to MOG-EAE, anti-MOG antibodies and levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eae31 showed linkage to EAE, PIA, anti-MOG antibodies and levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and IL-6. Confidence intervals defined a limited set of potential candidate genes, with the most interesting being RGMA, IL21R and IL4R. We tested the association with multiple sclerosis (MS) in a Nordic case-control material. A single nucleotide polymorphism in RGMA associated with MS in males (odds ratio (OR)=1.33). Polymorphisms of RGMA also correlated with changes in the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and TNF in cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients. In IL21R, there was one positively associated (OR=1.14) and two protective (OR=0.87 and 0.68) haplotypes. One of the protective haplotypes correlated to lower IFN-gamma expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients. We conclude that RGMA and IL21R and their pathways are crucial in MS pathogenesis and warrant further studies as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nohra
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Sellebjerg F, Börnsen L, Khademi M, Krakauer M, Olsson T, Frederiksen JL, Sørensen PS. Increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of the chemokine CXCL13 in active MS. Neurology 2009; 73:2003-10. [PMID: 19996075 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181c5b457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence supports a major role of B cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis. How B cells are recruited to the CNS is incompletely understood. Our objective was to study B-cell chemokine concentrations in MS, their relationship with disease activity, and how treatment with methylprednisolone and natalizumab affected the concentration in CSF. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, CSF and blood samples were obtained from cohorts of patients with clinically isolated syndromes (CIS), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), primary progressive MS (PPMS), or secondary progressive MS (SPMS), and noninflammatory neurologic disease control subjects. Some patients with RRMS were studied before and after treatment with methylprednisolone or natalizumab. RESULTS In CSF, concentrations of CXCL13, but not CXCL12, were higher in patients with CIS, RRMS, SPMS, and PPMS than in controls. CSF concentrations of CXCL13 correlated with the CSF B-cell count, with markers of immune activation, and with disease activity in patients with CIS and RRMS. CSF concentrations of CXCL13 decreased after treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone and natalizumab. High CSF concentrations of CXCL13 correlated with low expression of messenger RNA encoding the immunoregulatory cytokines interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor beta1, but not with the expression of T-helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 factors. CONCLUSION The chemokine CXCL13 may play a major role in recruitment of B cells and T-cell subsets expressing the chemokine receptor CXCR5 to the CNS in multiple sclerosis (MS), and may be a useful biomarker for treatment effects in MS. Furthermore, CXCL13 or its receptor CXCR5 should be considered as therapeutic targets in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sellebjerg
- University of Copenhagen and Danish MS Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Khademi M, Bornsen L, Rafatnia F, Andersson M, Brundin L, Piehl F, Sellebjerg F, Olsson T. The effects of natalizumab on inflammatory mediators in multiple sclerosis: prospects for treatment-sensitive biomarkers. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:528-36. [PMID: 19220425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2009.02532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natalizumab affects systemic cytokine expressions and clinical course in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). We analyzed levels of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and osteopontin (OPN) in CSF, and clinical outcome measures in 22 natalizumab-treated RRMS patients. METHODS mRNA levels of cytokines in cells were detected with real-time RT-PCR. Protein levels of OPN and MMP-9 were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Natalizumab reduced CSF cell counts (P < 0.0001). Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) mRNAs were significantly increased in PBMCs. In contrast, expressions of IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-23 were decreased but IL-10 increased in the CSF cells. OPN and MMP-9 were reduced in the CSF. Patients being in remission at baseline showed the same deviations of mediators as those in relapse after natalizumab treatment. The open label clinical outcome measures were either stable or improved during therapy. CONCLUSIONS Natalizumab attenuates pro-inflammatory mediators intrathecally and the reduced pro-inflammatory milieu may allow increased production of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-10. The increased systemic cytokines may impede the improvement of certain clinical measures like fatigue. The affected mediators seem to be sensitive to an immune-modifying treatment which could be used as biomarkers for this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khademi
- Neuroimmunology Unit, CMM, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Teunissen CE, Iacobaeus E, Khademi M, Brundin L, Norgren N, Koel-Simmelink M, Schepens M, Bouwman F, Twaalfhoven HA, Blom HJ, Jakobs C, Dijkstra CD. Combination of CSF N-acetylaspartate and neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2009; 72:1322-9. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181a0fe3f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Iacobaeus E, Ryschkewitsch C, Gravell M, Khademi M, Wallstrom E, Olsson T, Brundin L, Major E. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid cells from patients with multiple sclerosis for detection of JC virus DNA. Mult Scler 2008; 15:28-35. [PMID: 18805840 DOI: 10.1177/1352458508096870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1) To determine whether JC virus (JCV) DNA was present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in comparison with controls and 2) to find out if our clinical material, based on presence of JCV DNA, included any patient at risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). METHODS The prevalence of JCV DNA was analyzed in CSF and plasma from 217 patients with MS, 86 patients with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), and 212 patients with other neurological diseases (OND). In addition, we analyzed CSF cells, the first report of JCV DNA in CSF cells in a single sample, and peripheral blood cells in a subgroup of MS (n = 49), CIS (n = 14) and OND (n = 53). RESULTS A low copy number of JCV DNA was detected in one MS cell free CSF sample and in one MS CSF cell samples. None of these had any signs of PML or developed this disease during follow-up. In addition, two OND plasma samples were JCV DNA positive, whereas all the other samples had no detectable virus. CONCLUSION A low copy number of JCV DNA may occasionally be observed both in MS and other diseases and may occur as part of the normal biology of JC virus in humans. This study does not support the hypothesis that patients with MS would be at increased risk to develop PML, and consequently screening of CSF as a measurable risk for PML is not useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Iacobaeus
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology Unit, Karolinska Institute at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Krakauer M, Sorensen P, Khademi M, Olsson T, Sellebjerg F. Increased IL-10 mRNA and IL-23 mRNA expression in multiple sclerosis: interferon-beta treatment increases IL-10 mRNA expression while reducing IL-23 mRNA expression. Mult Scler 2008; 14:622-30. [PMID: 18424480 DOI: 10.1177/1352458507087136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon (IFN)-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis (MS) has been suggested to promote a deviation from T lymphocyte production of pathogenic Th1 cytokines to less detrimental Th2 cytokines, but this is still controversial. We studied patterns of in vivo blood mononuclear cell (MNC) and whole blood cytokine and transcription factor mRNA expression before and during IFN-beta therapy in MS. METHODS Twenty patients with relapsing-remitting MS were sampled before and after 3 months of treatment with IFN-beta along with 15 healthy volunteers. An additional 39 patients and 50 healthy volunteers served to confirm initial findings. mRNA was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS We found elevated expression of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-10 in untreated MS patients. IFN-beta therapy increased IL-10 and decreased IL-23 expression independently of any Th1 or Th2 cytokines. The largest changes in cytokine mRNA levels occurred early (~9-12 h) after an IFN-beta injection. CONCLUSION We found no evidence of a Th1- or Th2-mRNA-promoting effect of IFN-beta therapy. The therapeutic effect of IFN-beta is more likely attributable to the induction of the regulatory cytokine IL-10. The elevated IL-23 mRNA levels in MS patients are noteworthy in view of the newly discovered IL-23-driven Th17 T-cell subset, which is crucial in animal models of MS. Since IFN-beta therapy resulted in decreased IL-23 mRNA levels, the Th17 axis could be another target of IFN-beta therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krakauer
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tham E, Gielen AW, Khademi M, Martin C, Piehl F. Decreased Expression of VEGF-A in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and in Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01914_1.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tham E, Gielen AW, Khademi M, Martin C, Piehl F. Decreased Expression of VEGF-A in Rat Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and in Cerebrospinal Fluid Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:609-22. [PMID: 17083617 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01851.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) stimulates angiogenesis, but is also pro-inflammatory and plays an important role in the development of neurological disease, where it can have both attenuating and exacerbating effects. VEGF-B, a related molecule, is highly expressed in the central nervous system and seems to be important in neurological injury. A few studies have indicated that VEGF-A may play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the role of VEGF-B has not been studied. We have studied the expression of VEGF-A, -B and their receptors by mRNA in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR in spinal cord from LEW rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples from MS patients. Whereas VEGF-A is downregulated in glia in EAE, the infiltrating inflammatory cells are positive for VEGF-A. Expression of VEGF-B and the VEGF receptors is unaltered. In addition, the levels of VEGF-A mRNA in mononuclear cells [corrected] in CSF are lower in MS patients compared with controls. These results demonstrate a complex regulation of VEGF-A during neuroinflammation and suggest that VEGF-B is not involved in the pathogenesis of MS.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Alternative Splicing
- Animals
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology
- Down-Regulation
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/chemistry
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/metabolism
- Multiple Sclerosis/pathology
- Neuroglia/chemistry
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Neurons/chemistry
- Neurons/metabolism
- Neurons/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred Lew
- Spinal Cord/metabolism
- Spinal Cord/pathology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/analysis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/analysis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/analysis
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tham
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Krakauer M, Sorensen PS, Khademi M, Olsson T, Sellebjerg F. Dynamic T-lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression induced by interferon-beta therapy in multiple sclerosis. Scand J Immunol 2006; 64:155-63. [PMID: 16867161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2006.01788.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with interferon (IFN)-beta reduces clinical disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Using flow cytometry, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a real-time polymerase chain reaction, we studied in vivo IFN-beta-induced effects on CD4(+) T-lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression as these influence central nervous system (CNS) transmigration and inflammation. At 'steady state' (>/=1 day after the most recent IFN-beta injection), IFN-beta treatment increased CD4(+) T-cell surface expression of CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4, CCR5 and CCR7 after 3 months of treatment, whereas that of CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3 was unaltered. Conversely, at 9-12 h after the most recent IFN-beta injection, CCR4, CCR5 and CCR7 expressions were unaltered, while CXCR3 expression was reduced. CD4(+) T-cell surface expression of CCR4 was significantly lower in untreated MS patients compared with healthy volunteers. Of the plasma chemokines, only CXCL10 was increased by IFN-beta treatment; CCL3, CCL4, CCL5 and CXCL9 were unaltered. CCR5 mRNA expression in blood mononuclear cells correlated with the expression of T-helper type 1 (Th1)-associated genes whereas CCR4 and CCR7 mRNA expression correlated with Th2 and immunoregulatory genes. In conclusion, IFN-beta treatment caused 'steady-state' increases of several chemokine receptors relevant for CD4(+) T-lymphocyte trafficking and function, possibly facilitating lymphocyte migration into the CNS. An important therapeutic effect of IFN-beta treatment may be the normalization of a decreased Th2-related CD4(+) T-cell CCR4 expression in MS patients. Surface chemokine receptor expression and CXCL10 varied according to the timing of blood sampling in relation to the most recent IFN-beta injection. Thus, it is imperative to distinguish acute effects of IFN-beta from steady-state effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krakauer
- Danish Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Andersson M, Svenungsson E, Khademi M, Lampa J, Brundin L, Wallström E. No signs of immunoactivation in the cerebrospinal fluid during treatment with infliximab. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1237-40. [PMID: 16606644 PMCID: PMC1798287 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.055194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory (demyelinating) disease is a rare but feared complication of treatment with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in patients with polyarthritis. In this study, blood and cerebrospinal fluid markers of inflammation were analysed in 10 people with polyarthritis before and during treatment with infliximab. An increased systemic expression of interferon (IFN)gamma was detected. Systemic administration of IFNgamma is known to exacerbate multiple sclerosis. However, the present study failed to detect signs of inflammation in the cerebrospinal fluid samples-that is, pleocytosis, oligoclonal immunoglobulin G bands, increased expression of IFNgamma, TNFalpha or interleukin 10, or increased levels of nitric oxide oxidation products. Our initial hypothesis, that the few cases of clinical neuroinflammatory disorders observed during treatment of polyarthritis with anti-TNFalpha represent the extreme end of a commonly occurring minor intrathecal immune activation, which in most cases does not give any overt neurological dysfunction, was not supported. Induction of systemic IFNgamma production may still be relevant in neuroinflammation associated with treatment with anti-TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Taskinen HS, Ruohonen S, Jagodic M, Khademi M, Olsson T, Röyttä M. Distinct expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the endo- and epineurium after nerve injury. J Neurotrauma 2004; 21:969-75. [PMID: 15307908 DOI: 10.1089/0897715041526131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-beta is a multifunctional regulatory protein with important effects on cell proliferation and differentiation, immune reactivity and extracellular matrix (ECM). During peripheral regeneration it can have growth promoting effects for axonal sprouting, but on the other hand, it may be involved in epineurial scarring and neuroma formation. We studied the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the rat peripheral nerve with real time-PCR at 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days after transection. The sciatic nerve was sutured after transection to prevent axonal regeneration. Samples from both proximal and distal stumps were collected. To distinguish the possible different expression in the endo- and epineurium these two compartments were studied separately. The most significant finding was observed in the epineurium of the proximal stump 35 days after the operation. The expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA was over 700 times higher than that found in the non-operated controls. At the same time the expression of TGF-beta1 mRNA in the endoneurium was only twice as high as the values measured from the non-operated controls. Distally the TGF-beta1 mRNA expression in the endoneurium reached its peak after 2 weeks, and at weeks 3-6, the expression was two to four times higher than in the controls. This study supports the concept that TGF-beta1 can affect epineurial scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Taskinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Gielen A, Khademi M, Muhallab S, Olsson T, Piehl F. Increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in white blood cells of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients. Scand J Immunol 2003; 57:493-7. [PMID: 12753507 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS)-autoreactive immune responses can exert neuroprotective effects, possibly mediated via the release of neurotrophic factors from infiltrating leucocytes. Herein, we analysed neurotrophin and cytokine mRNA levels using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in remission and controls. We demonstrate that mRNA for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), but not neurotrophin-3 or nerve growth factor (NGF), is readily detectable in PBMC and that levels in MS are increased by approximately 60% compared with patients with other neurological diseases or healthy subjects. These results provide additional evidence that a potentially neuroprotective facet of autoimmune inflammation is present in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gielen
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Olsson T, Edenius C, Ferm M, Samuelson P, Torrång A, Wallström E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Arfors L. Depletion of Vbeta5.2/5.3 T cells with a humanized antibody in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2002; 9:153-64. [PMID: 11882056 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2002.00370.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A potentially pathogenic expansion of T cells expressing T cell receptor (TCR) Vbeta5.2/5.3 has been demonstrated in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A humanized antibody (ATM-027) directed against these T cells has been developed to further investigate the role of this subpopulation of T cells in MS. The pharmacokinetics/dynamics and safety of ATM-027 (0.3-300 mg intravenously over 30 min) were investigated in 14 patients with MS. The effect of treatment on cytokine expression and autoreactivity to peptides of myelin basic protein (MBP) was also studied. ATM-027 was well tolerated and raised no safety concerns. Clearance of the antibody was low and elimination half-life was approximately 3 weeks. The majority of the target Vbeta5.2/5.3 expressing T cells were depleted for at least 18 months. The small remaining fraction of target cells showed a marked decrease in their TCR expression, which was recovered within 8 months. The numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with spontaneous expression of IFN-gamma was decreased at 72 h and 8 weeks after treatment, whilst no clear effects on TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-10, TGF-beta expression were observed. There was also a significant decrease in the number of PBMCs producing IFN-gamma in response to MBP peptide 80-102. We conclude that long-term depletion of T cells expressing defined Vbeta subgroups in MS patients is feasible using selective immunotherapy. The selective depletion of Vbeta5.2/5.3 expressing T cells in this study resulted in a decrease in potentially disease promoting anti-MBP reactivity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Centre for Molecular Medicine L8:04, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Di Marco R, Khademi M, Wallstrom E, Iacobaeus E, Salvaggio A, Caracappa S, Papoian R, Nicoletti F, Olsson T. Curative effects of recombinant human Interleukin-6 in DA rats with protracted relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 116:168-77. [PMID: 11438171 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the effects of treatment with recombinant human (rh)IL-6 on clinical, histological and immunological parameters of protracted relapsing (PR) experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in DA rats. rhIL-6 (50 microg/rat subcutaneously/day) was given under three different regimens, as early prophylaxis, from 1 day prior to 14 days after immunization, in late prophylaxis, from day +7 until day 21 post-immunization (p.i.) and therapeutically to rats with clinical signs of EAE from day 14 to day 28 p.i. Although rhIL-6 failed to modulate the course of PR-EAE when administered as the early prophylactic regimen, it exerted clear-cut favourable effects on the course of the disease if was administered either as later prophylactic or as therapeutic treatment. Under these conditions, rhIL-6 accelerated recovery from EAE attacks and reduced/milded subsequent EAE episodes as compared to either PBS- or heat-inactivated rhIL-6-treated control rats. In agreement with this clinical effect, relative to PBS-treated rats, the animals injected with rhIL-6 exhibited lower numbers of MHC class II(+) and CD4(+) cells in their spinal cords. rhIL-6-treatment also profoundly modulated the endogenous cytokine network, the treated rats displaying increased numbers of spleen cells expressing mRNA transcripts of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta along with simultaneously reduced numbers of mRNAs for TNF-alpha. In addition, upon ex vivo exposure to either myelin basic protein peptide 63-88 (MBP63-88) or to phytoaemagglutinin A, the numbers of IFN-gamma secreting splenocytes was also significantly reduced (ELISPOT analysis) in rhIL-6-treated rats as compared to PBS-treated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Marco
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Karolinska Institutet, CMM L8:04, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Svenungsson E, Andersson M, Brundin L, van Vollenhoven R, Khademi M, Tarkowski A, Greitz D, Dahlström M, Lundberg I, Klareskog L, Olsson T. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide metabolites in neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2001; 60:372-9. [PMID: 11247868 PMCID: PMC1753603 DOI: 10.1136/ard.60.4.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate systemic and intrathecal production of proinflammatory cytokines in relation to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) nitric oxide (NO) release in patients with neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (NPLE). METHODS Thirty patients with NPLE rated as mild, moderate, or severe were studied and CSF was obtained from 21 of these. Cytokine mRNA expressing cells were detected by in situ hybridisation. Soluble cytokines were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nitrite and nitrate were determined by capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Patients with NPLE had high numbers of lymphocytes expressing mRNA for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), interferon gamma, and interleukin 10 in blood. The number of peripheral blood TNFalpha mRNA positive cells correlated strongly with the level of NO metabolites in the CSF (r(2)=0.69). Both the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressing mRNA for TNFalpha as well as the CSF level of NO metabolites correlated with NPLE disease severity. CONCLUSION These data suggest that increased peripheral production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha may contribute both to an increased production of NO in the central nervous system and to generation of clinical NPLE. The data also support the possibility that measurements of NO metabolites in CSF may be of value in the diagnosis of neurological symptoms related to SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Svenungsson
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Ulfgren AK, Gröndal L, Lindblad S, Khademi M, Johnell O, Klareskog L, Andersson U. Interindividual and intra-articular variation of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: potential implications for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2000; 59:439-47. [PMID: 10834861 PMCID: PMC1753152 DOI: 10.1136/ard.59.6.439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assessment of the numbers and spatial distribution of cells producing interleukin 1alpha (IL1alpha), interleukin 1beta (IL1beta), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Synovial tissue specimens from 40 patients with RA and eight patients with non-rheumatic disease were obtained by arthroscopy guided biopsy techniques or during joint surgery. A modified immunohistochemical method detecting cytokine producing rather than cytokine binding cells was applied to determine cytokine synthesis in fixed cryopreserved sections. Computerised image analysis methods provided comparative quantitative assessments. RESULTS A wide variation between subjects was recorded for both quantities and profiles of expressed cytokines, despite similar macroscopic and histopathological features of inflammation. IL1alpha and IL1beta were the most abundant monokines identified, though produced at different sites. IL1alpha was predominantly seen in vascular endothelial cells, whereas IL1beta staining was mainly shown in macrophages and fibroblasts. Concordant results for the detection of TNFalpha at protein and mRNA levels were obtained with an unexpectedly low number of TNFalpha producing cells compared with IL1 expressing cells in many patients with RA. Specimens acquired arthroscopically from areas with maximum signs of macroscopic inflammation showed an increased number of TNFalpha producing cells in pannus tissue compared with that occurring in synovial villi of a given joint. This clustered distribution was not found for cells expressing any of the other studied cytokines. CONCLUSION The recorded heterogeneous profile of proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in the synovial membrane among patients with RA may provide a clue for an understanding of the wide variation in responsiveness to different modes of antirheumatic treatment between patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Ulfgren
- Department of Medicine Unit of Rheumatology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Khademi M, Wallström E, Andersson M, Piehl F, Di Marco R, Olsson T. Reduction of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after 6 months of interferon beta-1a treatment of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 103:202-10. [PMID: 10696916 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with interferon beta (IFNbeta) reduces relapse rate, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity and progression of disability. It has been suggested that this beneficial effect is paralleled by an inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and an induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). In this study, we record a reduced number of spontaneously IFNgamma mRNA-expressing cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells (CSF-MC) and IFNgamma, TNFalpha and IL-10 mRNA-expressing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after 6 months of IFNbeta-1a treatment, paralleled by a decreased purified protein derivate (PPD)-stimulated and unstimulated IFNgamma secretion by PBMC. These effects were not apparent after 2 weeks of treatment, and IFNbeta-1a induced IFNgamma production by naive PBMC in vitro. We did not record increased numbers of IL-4 mRNA-expressing CSF-MC or PBMC, increased plasma IL-10 levels, increased numbers of IgG, A or M secreting plasma cells or in vitro induction of IL-10 production by IFNbeta-1a. We conclude that long-term cytokine modulation by IFNbeta-1a differs from acute effects and that downregulation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, rather than a shift in the cytokine profile, is apparent after 6 months of IFNbeta-1a treatment of MS patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Cell Count/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/cytology
- Cerebrospinal Fluid/metabolism
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Interferon beta-1a
- Interferon-beta/therapeutic use
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/blood
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/cerebrospinal fluid
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/drug therapy
- Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Tuberculin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khademi
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Taskinen HS, Olsson T, Bucht A, Khademi M, Svelander L, Röyttä M. Peripheral nerve injury induces endoneurial expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10 and TNF-alpha mRNA. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 102:17-25. [PMID: 10626662 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00154-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Axotomy of a peripheral nerve leads to interruption of axon continuity with Wallerian degeneration in the distal segment and regenerative events in the proximal remaining neuron. Local inflammation is a consequence of trauma in general and signal molecules regulating inflammation, such as cytokines, participate in the outcome of nerve trauma. We studied a broad set of potent immunoregulatory cytokines after transection of rat sciatic nerve. The endoneurium of the transected rat sciatic nerve was taken from both proximal and distal stumps. The pooled endoneurium of 6 rats was studied using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) after 14 h; 1, 3, 5, 7 days; 2 and 4 weeks after transection. A new observation was that TNF-alpha mRNA showed phasic expression pattern; three distinct peaks were seen, immediately (14 h), after 5 days and in the distal part also after 2 weeks. This phenomenon may be related to the breakdown of the blood-nerve barrier and to the recruitment of circulating macrophages. We further noticed that IFN-gamma mRNA was expressed between 5 days and 2 weeks. This suggests that T-cells may also take part in the regenerative processes. Furthermore, we observed that IL-10 mRNA is expressed continuously during Wallerian degeneration. The continuous expression of IL-10 mRNA may attenuate the production of inflammatory cytokines by macrophages and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Taskinen
- Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu, Finland
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Wallström E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Olsson T. Increased numbers of mononuclear cells from blood and CSF expressing interferon-gamma mRNA in multiple sclerosis are from both the CD4+ and the CD8+ subsets. Eur J Neurol 2000; 7:71-6. [PMID: 10809917 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-1331.2000.00027.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated, cytokine-producing lymphocytes may regulate central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). We utilize a novel combination of in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunocytochemical staining of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) to identify spontaneously interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) mRNA expressing cells as CD4+ or CD8+. A major proportion of the IFNgamma mRNA expressing lymphocytes belonged to the CD4+ lineage, which concords with the cellular composition of MS brain lesions, findings in experimental models and the HLA class II haplotype association in MS. There were also significantly more CD8+ IFNgamma mRNA expressing lymphocytes in the MS patients compared with healthy controls, further suggesting the contribution of activated cells from this lineage in the inflammatory response in MS. Both CD4+ and CD8+ IFNgamma mRNA expressing cells were enriched in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as compared with the peripheral blood of the MS patients. Combined with emerging genetic data on HLA class I influences, our data argues for a joint role of activated CD8+ and CD4+ cells in the pathogenesis of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wallström
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Center of Molecular Medicine, L8:04, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Lindå H, Hammarberg H, Piehl F, Khademi M, Olsson T. Expression of MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin in rat brainstem motoneurons and nigral dopaminergic neurons. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 101:76-86. [PMID: 10580816 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00135-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate here that motoneurons and nigral dopaminergic neurons in the brainstem of the adult rat, with the exception of motoneurons innervating ocular muscles, display high levels of both MHC class I heavy chain and beta2-microglobulin mRNAs. These neurons also display interferon-gamma receptor mRNA. We find it striking that these particular neurons are those which are vulnerable to neurodegeneration in diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lindå
- Department of Neurology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Piehl F, Lundberg C, Khademi M, Bucht A, Dahlman I, Lorentzen JC, Olsson T. Non-MHC gene regulation of nerve root injury induced spinal cord inflammation and neuron death. J Neuroimmunol 1999; 101:87-97. [PMID: 10580817 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Spinal ventral root avulsion leads to an inflammatory response around lesioned motoneurons and the subsequent degeneration of a large proportion of the neurons. We demonstrate here differences in the regulation of cytokine mRNAs, microglia/macrophage activation, MHC expression and nerve cell survival in the two inbred rat strains DA and ACI. These strains have similar major MHC haplotypes, but differ in their non-MHC background genes. T cells were rare in the lesioned segments and depletion of T cells did not affect the response. Thus, non-MHC gene(s) regulate the inflammation and neuron death after nerve trauma by mechanisms not involving antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Piehl
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Di Marco R, Khademi M, Wallstrom E, Muhallab S, Nicoletti F, Olsson T. Amelioration of experimental allergic neuritis by sodium fusidate (fusidin): suppression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and enhancement of IL-10. J Autoimmun 1999; 13:187-95. [PMID: 10479387 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1999.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulating antibiotic drug fusidic acid and its sodium salt sodium fusidate (fusidin) ameliorate several organ-specific immunoinflammatory diseases. Because preliminary observations suggest that fusidin may also exert a beneficial effect in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), here we have studied the effects of fusidin on actively induced experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) in rats, a known animal model for GBS. Both prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with fusidin (4 mg/rat day ip) markedly ameliorated the clinical course of the disease compared to vehicle-treated animals. The beneficial effects were associated with profound modifications of the capacity of these rats to produce and release pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and IL-10, which are important in regulating the development of EAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Di Marco
- Unit of Neuroimmunology, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Wallström E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Weissert R, Linington C, Olsson T. Increased reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and epitope mapping in HLA DR2(15)+ multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 1998; 28:3329-35. [PMID: 9808202 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199810)28:10<3329::aid-immu3329>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system-specific inflammatory and demyelinating disease where a myelin-directed autoimmune response is thought to be pathogenetically relevant. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a surface-exposed minor myelin component that is a prime candidate autoantigen. We have investigated peripheral blood lymphocyte responses to synthetic 15-26 amino acids long overlapping MOG peptides in 20 MS patients and 14 healthy controls with the MS-associated HLA haplotype DR2(15). There were significantly increased responses, in terms of numbers of cells secreting IFN-gamma detected by Elispot in response to several MOG-derived peptides in the MS patients, but not the healthy controls. MOG peptide 63-87 evoked the strongest response, and the stimulatory property of this peptide was confirmed in additional DR2(15)+ MS patients where a peptide concentration-dependent proliferative response, which was inhibited by the addition of anti-HLA class II antibodies, was observed. This is the first work detailing putative immunodominant T cell epitopes of MOG in DR2(15)+ MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Wallström
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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50
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Wallstrom E, Khademi M, Andersson M, Weissert R, Linington C, Olsson T. Increased reactivity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptides and epitope mapping in HLA DR2(15)+ multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)91404-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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