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Tejerina MR, Cabana MJ, Enríquez PA, Benítez-Ahrendts MR, Fonseca MI. Bacterial Strains Isolated from Stingless Bee Workers Inhibit the Growth of Apis mellifera Pathogens. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:106. [PMID: 38418777 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Apis mellifera bees are an important resource for the local economy of various regions in Argentina and the maintenance of natural ecosystems. In recent years, different alternatives have been investigated to avoid the reduction or loss of colonies caused by pathogens and parasites such as Ascosphaera apis, Aspergillus flavus, and Paenibacillus larvae. We focused on bacterial strains isolated from the intestine of native stingless bees, to elucidate their antagonistic effect on diseases of A. mellifera colonies. For this purpose, worker bees of the species Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Plebeia spp., and Scaptotrigona jujuyensis were captured from the entrance to tree hives and transported to the laboratory, where their intestines were extracted. Twenty bacterial colonies were isolated from the intestines, and those capable of inhibiting enterobacteria in vitro and producing organic acids, proteases, and chitinases were selected. Four genera, Levilactobacillus, Acetobacter, Lactiplantibacillus, and Pantoea, were selected and identified by the molecular marker that codes for the 16S rRNA gene. For inhibition assays, cell suspensions and cell-free suspensions were performed. All treatments showed significant antibacterial effects, in comparison with the controls, against P. larvae and antifungal effects against A. apis and A. flavus. However, the mechanisms by which these bacteria inhibit the growth of these pathogens were not studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raúl Tejerina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina.
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - María José Cabana
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Pablo Adrián Enríquez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rafael Benítez-Ahrendts
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad Apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Díaz GV, Sawostjanik Afanasiuk SS, Coniglio RO, Velázquez JE, Rodríguez MD, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Low-cost homemade cocktails for enzymatic conversion of sugarcane and cassava bagasses. Environ Technol 2023; 44:4313-4323. [PMID: 35722802 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2091481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The agricultural industries generate lignocellulosic wastes that can be modified by fungi to generate high value-added products. This work aimed to analyze the efficiency and the cost-effectiveness of the bioconversion of sugarcane and cassava bagasses using low-cost homemade enzymatic cocktails from Aspergillus niger LBM 134. Both bagasses were pretreated with a soft alkaline solution without any loss of polysaccharides. After the hydrolysis, a 28% of conversion to glucose and 42% to xylose were reached in the hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse while an 80% of saccharification yield, in the hydrolysis of cassava bagasse using the homemade enzymes. Furthermore, a more disorganised surface and no starch granules were observed in the sugarcane and cassava bagasses, respectively. The bioethanol yield from sugarcane and casava bagasses was predicted to be 4.16 mg mL-1 and 2.57 mg mL-1, respectively. A comparison of the cost of the homemade and the commercial enzymes was carried out. Similar hydrolysis percentages were achieved employing any enzyme; however, it was 1000-2000 times less expensive using the homemade cocktails than using the commercial enzymes. Therefore, the cost of obtaining glucose from bagasses was most expensive when applying the commercial enzymes. Moreover, the hydrolysis of the cassava bagasse was most efficient with the homemade cocktails. The importance and novelty of this work lie in the similar performance and the lower cost of the homemade cocktails from the fungus A. niger LBM 134 compared with the commercial enzymes on the hydrolysis of the sugarcane and cassava bagasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Soledad Sawostjanik Afanasiuk
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Romina Olga Coniglio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Ernesto Velázquez
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Daniela Rodríguez
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Instituto deBiotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina
- CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Tejerina MR, Cabana MJ, Cruz NM, Enríquez PA, Benitez-Ahrendts MR, Fonseca MI. Fungal microbiota isolated from native stingless bee species inhibited pathogens of Apis mellifera. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1267-1275. [PMID: 37821148 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Social bees can establish interactions with microorganisms to keep their colonies free of pathogens and parasites by developing different protection strategies. We explored the fungal microbiota isolated from three species of stingless bees, Tetragonisca fiebrigi, Plebeias sp., and Scaptotrigona jujuyensis, and its potential ability to suppress pathogenic microorganisms of A. mellifera, namely Paenibacillus larvae, Ascosphaera apis and Aspergillus flavus, which were tested and evaluated. Six filamentous fungal strains, Trametes hirsuta, Alternaria alternata, Curvularia spicifera, Skeletocutis sp., Alternaria tenuissima, Monascus spp., as well as the yeast Wickerhamomyces anomalus, were selected for trials and isolated from the heads of foraging bees. The fungal strains were identified by macroscopic and microscopic taxonomic characteristics and by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of ribosomal DNA. All fungal strains inhibited these pathogens of A. mellifera. We also evaluated the effect of the secondary metabolites extracted with and without ethanol. Both metabolites showed antimicrobial properties, and our results suggest that fungi isolated from stingless bees produce bioactive compounds with antibacterial and antifungal effects that could be used to treat Apis mellifera colony diseases and maintain colony health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Raúl Tejerina
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina; Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, Jujuy, Argentina.
| | - María José Cabana
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Nancy Marina Cruz
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Pablo Adrián Enríquez
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rafael Benitez-Ahrendts
- Cátedra de Microbiología, Sanidad apícola y Meliponícola, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, Alberdi 47, 4600, Jujuy, Argentina; Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Avenida Bolivia 1239, Jujuy, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Instituto de Biotecnología "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (INBIOMIS), Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Misiones, Argentina; CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Acosta GA, Fonseca MI, Fariña JI, Zapata PD. Exploring Agaricomycetes from the Paranaense rainforest (Misiones, Argentina) as an unconventional source of fibrinolytic enzymes. Mycologia 2022; 114:242-253. [PMID: 35394849 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2035148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fungal fibrinolytic enzymes, secreted by some Agaricomycetes, are recognized as important thrombolytic agents due to their ability to rapidly dissolve thromboembolic clots. The present work evaluated fibrinolytic and proteolytic secretion abilities of 35 Agaricomycetes isolates from the Paranaense rainforest (Misiones, Argentina). We detected proteolytic activity in 40% of the strains while nine strains showed fibrinolytic activity. Schizophyllum commune LBM 026, Schizophyllum commune LBM 223, and Hornodermoporus martius LBM 224 exhibited the highest levels of fibrinolytic activity. Fibrin zymography from S. commune LBM 026 and LBM 223 showed an enzyme of 27.5 kDa, while H. martius LBM 224 presented an enzyme of 29 kDa. The evaluation of the enzymatic stability of culture supernatant of these strains revealed that the fibrinolytic activity was highly stable over a wide temperature and pH range. Long-term stability of fibrinolytic activity at physiological conditions evidenced that the strains had a half-life of at least 72 h. Fibrinolytic enzymes produced by S. commune LBM 026 and LBM 223 were inhibited in the presence of EDTA indicating that they are metalloproteases. This work reveals the potential of S. commune LBM 026, S. commune LBM 223, and H. martius LBM 224 as an unconventional source of thrombolytic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Alejandra Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones 3300, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones 3300, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
| | - Julia Inés Fariña
- Laboratorio de Micodiversidad y Micoprospección, Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PROIMI-CONICET), S.M. Tucumán, Tucumán 4001, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "Dra. María Ebe Reca" (InBioMis), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Misiones 3300, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina
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Díaz GV, Coniglio RO, Chungara CI, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Aspergillus niger LBM 134 isolated from rotten wood and its potential cellulolytic ability. Mycology 2021; 12:160-173. [PMID: 34567828 PMCID: PMC8462884 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2020.1823509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus is a genus of filamentous and cosmopolitan fungi that includes important species for medical mycology, food, basic research and agro-industry areas. Aspergillus section Nigri are efficient producers of hydrolytic enzymes such as cellulases that are employed in the cellulose conversion. Hence, the search of new cellulolytic isolates and their correct identification is important for carrying out safe biotechnological processes. This study aimed to characterise the cellulolytic potential of Aspergillus sp. LBM 134, isolated from the Paranaense rainforest (Argentina) and to identify the isolate through a polyphasic approach. The fungus was identified as Aspergillus niger and its cellulolytic potential was evaluated by using Congo red technique and fluorescence plate assays for carboxymethyl cellulase, β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase, respectively. All three cellulase activities were positive; this bio-prospective positioned A. niger LBM 134 as a promising alternative for industries that require organisms capable of carrying out cellulosic biomass processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Clara Inés Chungara
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Ruta, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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Benitez SF, Sadañoski MA, Velázquez JE, Zapata PD, Fonseca MI. Comparative study of single cultures and a consortium of white rot fungi for polychlorinated biphenyls treatment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:1775-1786. [PMID: 33725409 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the mycoremediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by either single cultures or binary consortia of Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 and Trametes sanguinea LBM 023. METHODS AND RESULTS PCBs tolerance, removal capacity, toxicity reduction and ligninolytic enzyme expression were assessed when growing single culture and binary consortium of fungus in 217 mg l-1 of a technical mixture of Aroclor 1242, 1254 and 1260 in transformer oil. A decrease in tolerance and variation in ligninolytic enzyme secretion were observed in PCB-amended solid media. Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 mono-culture was able to remove up to 95·4% of PCBs, whereas binary consortium and T. sanguinea LBM 023 could biodegrade about 55% after 24 days. Significant detoxification levels were detected in all treatments by biosorption mechanism. CONCLUSIONS Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 in single culture had the best performance regarding PCBs biodegradation and toxicity reduction. Ligninolytic enzyme secretion changed in co-culture. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The evaluation of PCBs bioremediation effectiveness of basidiomycetes consortium in terms of PCB removal, toxicity and ligninolytic enzyme production to unravel the differences between using individual cultures or consortium has not been reported. The results from this study enable the selection of P. pulmonarius LBM 105 mono-culture to bioremediate PCBs as it showed higher efficiency compared to binary consortium with T. sanguinea LBM 023 for potential decontamination of PCB-contaminated transformer oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Benitez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones,, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, CP3300, Argentina
| | - M A Sadañoski
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones,, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, CP3300, Argentina
| | - J E Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones,, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, CP3300, Argentina
| | - P D Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones,, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, CP3300, Argentina
| | - M I Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones,, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, CP3300, Argentina
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Chelaliche AS, Alvarenga AE, Lopez CAM, Zapata PD, Fonseca MI. Proteomic insight on the polychlorinated biphenyl degrading mechanism of Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105. Chemosphere 2021; 265:129093. [PMID: 33288277 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
White-rot fungi are well known bioremediation agents capable of removing recalcitrant xenobiotics. However, the molecular mechanism involved in this process is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to compare the proteomic profiles of Pleurotus pulmonarius LBM 105 in presence and absence of a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls. Cultures of the fungus were spiked with a mixture of Aroclors and cultivated for 28 days. This strain achieved a peak of PCBs-removal of 65.50 ± 8.09% after 21 days. The ecotoxicological assays showed a toxicity reduction of 46.47%. Based on these findings, a proteomic study was carried out and it was proven that the oxidative metabolism was highly affected. Two proteins that have a function at the transcriptional level and related to the oxidative metabolism, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and the basal transcription factor 3, presented an increase in their quantity in PCBs presence. Several oxidases and reductases were highly induced, presenting the short chain reductases, aldo/keto reductases, laccases and versatile peroxidases as the enzymes with the most notorious changes. These results indicate a complex response of the fungal metabolism towards these pollutants, which includes a transcriptional response to the oxidative stress and a modification of the intra- and extra-cellular enzymatic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anibal Sebastian Chelaliche
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Adriana Elizabet Alvarenga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Alicia Marcela Lopez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Dario Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular. Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. CONICET. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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8
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Sadañoski MA, Tatarin AS, Barchuk ML, Gonzalez M, Pegoraro CN, Fonseca MI, Levin LN, Villalba LL. Evaluation of bioremediation strategies for treating recalcitrant halo-organic pollutants in soil environments. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2020; 202:110929. [PMID: 32800215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioremediation potential of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soil, mimicking three strategies: (a) mycoaugmentation: by the addition of Trametes sanguinea and Pleurotus sajor-caju co-cultures immobilized on sugarcane bagasse; (b) biostimulation: by supplementation of sugarcane bagasse; and (c) natural attenuation: no amendments. The experiments were done in microcosms using Ultisol soil. Remediation effectiveness was assessed based on pollutants content, soil characteristics, and ecotoxicological tests. Biostimulation and mycoaugmentation demonstrated the highest PCBs-removal (approx. 90%) with a significant toxicity reduction at 90 d. The studied strains were able to survive during the incubation period in non-sterilized soil. Laccase, manganese-peroxidase and endoxylanase activities increased significantly in co-cultures after 60 d. Sugarcane bagasse demonstrated to be not only a suitable support for fungal immobilization but also an efficient substrate for fungal colonization of PCBs-contaminated soils. Mycoaugmentation and biostimulation with sugarcane bagasse improved oxidable organic matter and phosphorous contents as well as dehydrogenase activity in soil. Therefore, biostimulation with sugarcane bagasse and mycoaugmentation applying dual white-rot fungal cultures constitute two efficient bioremediation alternatives to restore PCBs-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Alejandra Sadañoski
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Ana Silvia Tatarin
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mónica Lucrecia Barchuk
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mariana Gonzalez
- Estresores Múltiples en El Ambiente (EMA), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata, IIMyC, CONICET, B7602AYL, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - César Nicolás Pegoraro
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar Del Plata, CONICET, B7602AYL, Mar Del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Noemí Levin
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, FCEN, UBA, INMIBO (CONICET), 1428, CABA, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, CP3300, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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9
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Díaz GV, Coniglio RO, Alvarenga AE, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Secretomic analysis of cheap enzymatic cocktails of Aspergillus niger LBM 134 grown on cassava bagasse and sugarcane bagasse. Mycologia 2020; 112:663-676. [PMID: 32574526 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2020.1763707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Currently, agroindustrial wastes are little used for generating value-added products; hence, their use of these waste to produce enzymatic cocktails for the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is a very interesting alternative in the second-generation bioethanol process. The Ascomycota fungus Aspergillus niger LBM 134 produces hydrolytic enzymes in large proportions. In this work, A. niger LBM 134 was grown on sugarcane and cassava bagasses under optimized conditions. To identify the extracellular enzymes involved in the degradation of these agroindustrial wastes, the secretomes of the culture supernatants of the fungus were analyzed and validated by biochemical assays of the enzymatic activities. A. niger LBM 134 secreted higher quantities of xylanases and accessory hemicellulases when it grew on sugarcane bagasse, whereas more cellulases, amylases, and pectinases were secreted when it grew on cassava bagasse. These findings suggest two promising enzyme cocktails for the hydrolysis of lignocellulose carbohydrate polymers to fermentable sugars. These bioinformatic analysis were functional validates through enzymatic biochemical assays that confirm the biotechnological potential of A. niger LBM 134 for the bioconversion of hemicellulosic substrates such as sugarcane and cassava bagasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Adriana Elizabet Alvarenga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones "María Ebe Reca" CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones , Ruta 12 km 7.5, C.P. 3300, Posadas, Argentina
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Díaz GV, Zapata PD, Villalba LL, Fonseca MI. Evaluation of new xylanolytic-producing isolates of Aspergillus from Misiones subtropical rainforest using sugarcane bagasse. Arab Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25765299.2019.1622922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Verónica Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones. Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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11
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Sadañoski MA, Velázquez JE, Fonseca MI, Zapata PD, Levin LN, Villalba LL. Assessing the ability of white-rot fungi to tolerate polychlorinated biphenyls using predictive mycology. Mycology 2018; 9:239-249. [PMID: 30533250 PMCID: PMC6282474 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2018.1481152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the ability of different white-rot fungi to tolerate polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using predictive mycology, by relating fungal growth inhibition to ligninolityc enzyme secretion. Fungal strains were grown in the presence of PCBs in solid media and their radial growth values were modelled through the Dantigny-logistic like function in order to estimate the time required by the fungal colonies to attain half their maximum diameter. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an inverse correlation between strain tolerance to PCBs and the laccase secretion over time, being laccase production closely associated with fungal growth capacity. Finally, a PCA was run to regroup and split between resistant and sensitive fungi. Simultaneously, a function associated with a model predicting the tolerance to PCBs was developed. Some of the assayed isolates showed a promising capacity to be applied in PCB bioremediation. Abbreviations: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), white-rot fungi (WRF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Alejandra Sadañoski
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Juan Ernesto Velázquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Laura Noemí Levin
- Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, Dpto. de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, FCEN, UBA, INMIBO (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
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12
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Ramirez-Izcoa A, Varela-Gonzalez D, Fonseca MI. [Characteristics of structural injuries in pediatric patients with focal epilepsy in a Honduran hospital]. Rev Neurol 2017; 65:105-111. [PMID: 28699152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epilepsy is the most commonly occurring neurological disorder in the world. The study of structural brain lesions is important to understand the secondary complications. In Honduras there is little information on this topic. AIM To determine the characteristics and proportion of structural brain lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy at the Hospital Escuela Universitario. PATIENTS AND METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective-prospective study. The study population consisted of 162 paediatric patients with focal epilepsy who were treated in the paediatric neurology outpatient department between January 2015 and June 2016. On applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria, the universe of study comprised 102 patients with focal epilepsy. RESULTS 41% of the patients with focal epilepsy presented a structural lesion. The main locations of the structural lesions were the parietal lobe (12.8%), the occipital lobe (10.8%) and the frontal lobe (10.8%). An association was found between the presence of structural brain lesions and the presence of uncontrolled seizures, with statistical significance. The attributable risk was calculated and it was found that among patients with uncontrolled seizures, 67% had a structural lesion in the imaging study. CONCLUSIONS The presence of uncontrolled seizures is associated to the presence of structural lesions in imaging studies, with a high attributable risk. Leukomalacia and cerebral ischaemia were the main findings that were reported. The predominant structural lesions in paediatric patients with focal epilepsy in the population studied are those related to events that take place during the peripartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ramirez-Izcoa
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - M I Fonseca
- Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
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13
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Coniglio RO, Fonseca MI, Villalba LL, Zapata PD. Screening of new secretory cellulases from different supernatants of white rot fungi from Misiones, Argentina. Mycology 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2016.1267047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Olga Coniglio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología de Misiones, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
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14
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Fonseca MI, Tejerina MR, Sawostjanik-Afanasiuk SS, Giorgio EM, Barchuk ML, Zapata PD, Villalba LL. Preliminary studies of new strains of Trametes sp. from Argentina for laccase production ability. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47:287-97. [PMID: 26991301 PMCID: PMC4874590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative enzymes secreted by white rot fungi can be applied in several technological processes within the paper industry, biofuel production and bioremediation. The discovery of native strains from the biodiverse Misiones (Argentina) forest can provide useful enzymes for biotechnological purposes. In this work, we evaluated the laccase and manganese peroxidase secretion abilities of four newly discovered strains of Trametes sp. that are native to Misiones. In addition, the copper response and optimal pH and temperature for laccase activity in culture supernatants were determined. The selected strains produced variable amounts of laccase and MnP; when Cu(2+) was added, both enzymes were significantly increased. Zymograms showed that two isoenzymes were increased in all strains in the presence of Cu(2+). Strain B showed the greatest response to Cu(2+) addition, whereas strain A was more stable at the optimal temperature and pH. Strain A showed interesting potential for future biotechnological approaches due to the superior thermo-stability of its secreted enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Fonseca
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina.
| | - Marcos Raúl Tejerina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Silvana Soledad Sawostjanik-Afanasiuk
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Ernesto Martin Giorgio
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Mónica Lucrecia Barchuk
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Pedro Darío Zapata
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
| | - Laura Lidia Villalba
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Módulo de Bioquímica y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Químicas y Naturales, UNaM, Posadas, Misiones, Argentina
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15
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Fonseca MI, Carpenter PM, Park M, Palmarini G, Nelson EL, Tenner AJ. C1qR(P), a myeloid cell receptor in blood, is predominantly expressed on endothelial cells in human tissue. J Leukoc Biol 2001; 70:793-800. [PMID: 11698500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
C1qR(P) is a type I cell surface glycoprotein that has been shown to enhance ingestion of suboptimally opsonized targets by phagocytes in vitro. In this study, we developed and characterized polyclonal antibodies to study the tissue distribution of this receptor targeted to either the N- or C-terminal portion of the molecule. C1qR(P) was detected in vascular endothelial cells and in a subset of pyramidal neurons in the brain, as well as neutrophils, but it was absent in most tissue macrophages. Analysis of in vitro differentiation of blood monocytes to dendritic cells demonstrated a down-regulation of the receptor as monocytes differentiate to dendritic cells, providing a possible explanation for the lack of reactivity of these cells in tissue. The predominant presence of C1qR(P) in endothelial cells, while compatible with a phagocytic role in host defense and/or clearance of cellular material, suggests other possible novel roles for this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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16
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Fonseca MI, Ni YG, Dunning DD, Miledi R. Distribution of serotonin 2A, 2C and 3 receptor mRNA in spinal cord and medulla oblongata. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2001; 89:11-9. [PMID: 11311971 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(01)00049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is known that 5-HT receptors have significant roles in nociceptive and motor functions. We have compared the cellular localization of the mRNAs encoding serotonin 5-HT(2A,) 5-HT(2C,) 5-HT(3) receptor subtypes within different levels of the rat spinal cord and medulla. In the spinal cord, 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA is expressed at high levels in most of the gray matter, except for lamina II. In contrast, 5-HT(2A) receptor mRNA is expressed exclusively in lamina IX. 5-HT(3) receptor mRNA has a low level and diffuse pattern of expression increasing towards the ventral horn. In both gray and white matter, there is a characteristic presence of a few highly stained cells. For each subtype, the expression pattern is similar in all four levels of the spinal cord. In the medulla, 5-HT(2C) receptor mRNA is at high levels in many nuclei including the hypoglossal nucleus, the gigantocellular reticular nucleus alpha and the parvocellular reticular nucleus alpha, the spinal nucleus of the trigeminal tract, the facial, and the dorsal medullary reticular field. Moderate to low levels of expression are seen in the spinal vestibular nucleus, the vagus, the solitary nuclei and the raphe. 5-HT(2A) receptor is expressed at high levels in some nuclei such as the hypoglossal nucleus, the intercalate nucleus, the inferior olive and the lateral reticular nucleus. Moderate to low levels of expression are seen in the facial, the medial vestibular nuclei, the nucleus ambiguous, the vagus, and the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. 5-HT(3) receptor mRNA is present at low levels in most of the nuclei examined, with a few scattered strongly labeled cells. The results show a distinct distribution of the three subtypes of receptors supporting their physiological roles and will help to understand the mechanisms of nociception and motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology and Behaviour, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4550, USA
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17
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Webster SD, Park M, Fonseca MI, Tenner AJ. Structural and functional evidence for microglial expression of C1qR(P), the C1q receptor that enhances phagocytosis. J Leukoc Biol 2000; 67:109-16. [PMID: 10648005 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.67.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation has been associated with several degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). One consequence of activation is the induction of a more efficient phagocytic response, and it is therefore important to determine what factors regulate microglial phagocytosis and whether this capacity influences the progression of neurodegenerative changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that complement component C1q enhances Fc receptor- and CR1-mediated phagocytosis in cells of the myeloid lineage via a cell surface receptor, C1qRp. Because C1q has been found in the area of lesions in several degenerative CNS diseases, the current investigations were carried out to characterize the effects of C1q on microglial phagocytosis. Neonatal rat microglia were shown to express C1qRp, as assessed by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. Interaction of these cells with substrate-bound C1q was shown to enhance both FcR-and CR1-mediated phagocytosis two- to fourfold. In addition, introduction of an antibody raised against the carboxy-terminal, cytoplasmic domain of C1qRp into microglia by electroporation markedly diminished the ability of C1q to enhance uptake of IgG-coated targets, whereas nonspecific IgG had no such effect. These results suggest that C1q in areas of active degeneration may promote the phagocytic capacity of microglia via interaction with microglial C1qRp.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Webster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA.
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18
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Abstract
Extracellular deposits of fibrillar beta-amyloid are a characteristic neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have developed a novel antibody to a hypothesized "older isomer" of the amyloid protein. This antibody, raised against a synthetic beta-amyloid peptide containing isoaspartic acid at position 7 (isoaspartic-7-Abeta), reacts with isoaspartic-7-Abeta, a nonenzymatic modification found in long-lived proteins. Plaques stained with this antibody are thioflavine positive and are found throughout the frontal and entorhinal cortices of AD cases. In frontal cortex, isoaspartic-7-Abeta plaques are clustered but have a widespread distribution in all cortical layers. Isoaspartic-7-Abeta is found primarily in the core of individual plaques surrounded by nonisomerized amyloid. Activated microglia are associated with plaques containing isomerized and nonisomerized amyloid. In contrast to AD, isoaspartic-7-Abeta plaques in Down's syndrome (DS) cases are found primarily in the superficial layers of frontal cortex. Using image analysis isoaspartic-7-Abeta deposition was correlated with dementia severity in AD and with age in DS. The results indicate that this antibody against altered aspartyl amyloid could be a useful indicator of the age of amyloid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinios, Chicago, USA
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20
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Abstract
We have monitored agonist-induced alpha 1B-adrenergic receptor (alpha 1BAR) redistribution by immunocytochemical procedures in concert with functional measurements of agonist-elicited [3H]inositol phosphate (InsP) production in human embryonal kidney 293 cells stably expressing alpha 1BAR cDNA (HEK293/alpha 1B). Anti-peptide antibodies directed against the carboxyl-terminal decapeptide of the alpha 1BAR were prepared and shown to react specifically with alpha 1BAR on immunoblots and in situ in HEK293/alpha 1B transfectants. Treatment of HEK293/alpha 1B cells with norepinephrine (10 microM) results in a rapid (5-15 min) and striking internalization of cell surface receptor as visualized by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. Receptor redistribution is sustained in the presence of agonist, rapidly reversed upon agonist removal, and prevented by the alpha 1 antagonist prazosin. Receptor internalizes to endosomes, as shown by colocalization with transferrin receptor, an endosomal marker. Activation of protein kinase C (PKC) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (50 nM) causes receptor endocytosis similar to agonist; agonist-induced internalization is blocked by the PKC inhibitor staurosporine (0.5 microM). In parallel experiments, agonist-induced [3H]InsP production is abolished by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate but potentiated by staurosporine. Inhibition of receptor internalization with hypertonic sucrose attenuates agonist-induced [3H]InsP formation; this effect is reversed by concomitant inhibition of PKC with staurosporine. These results suggest that PKC-dependent phosphorylation occurring as a consequence of alpha 1AR stimulation induces receptor desensitization and internalization. Internalized receptor is reactivated and continuously recycled to the cell surface during agonist exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60612, USA
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21
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Fonseca MI, Aguilar JS, Skorupa AF, Klein WL. Cellular mapping of m2 muscarinic receptors in rat olfactory bulb using an antiserum raised against a cytoplasmic loop peptide. Brain Res 1991; 563:163-70. [PMID: 1786528 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(91)91529-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An antiserum that recognizes a sequence from the putative third cytoplasmic loop of the m2 subtype of muscarinic receptors (mAchR) has been raised and used to map the cellular distribution of this subtype in rat olfactory bulb. The antiserum was obtained by injecting BALB/C mice with a BSA-conjugated synthetic peptide whose sequence corresponded to amino acids 240-259 of the porcine cardiac m2 mAChR gene. Antibodies recognized the synthetic peptide in ELISA screening and labelled a single band corresponding to the peak of [3H]PrBCM-labelled heart mAchRs in immunoblots. Immunostaining of olfactory bulb, a region of the brain enriched in this muscarinic receptor subtype, showed that the antibodies labelled cell bodies and multiple dendritic processes. Broad fluorescent labelling throughout cell bodies was consistent with binding to the cytoplasmic face of the surface membrane, in support of the predicted cytoplasmic loop structure. m2-Positive cells throughout the bulb were sparsely distributed in different layers representing small subpopulations of the cells in each region: glomeruli, 6%; external plexiform layer, 16%; inner plexiform and granule cell layer, 3%. The results show that antibodies against specific sequences of different muscarinic receptor subtypes can be used to localize subtypes in situ, that the m2 subtype within the rat olfactory bulb is broadly distributed, and that the m2 subtype can occur postsynaptically in this central nervous system (CNS) region. The mapping of m2-positive cells in olfactory bulb may be of particular interest because loss of this subtype and degeneration of the olfactory system have been observed in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Northwestern University Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Evanston, IL 60208
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22
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Fonseca MI, Lunt GG, Aguilar JS. Inhibition of muscarinic cholinergic receptors by disulfide reducing agents and arsenicals. Differential effect on locust and rat. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 41:735-42. [PMID: 1998528 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90074-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors are altered by sulfhydryl reagents. Arsenic compounds, which have been used as insecticides, exert their toxic effects by combining with sulfhydryl groups. We compared the action of arsenicals and other sulfhydryl reagents on the muscarinic receptor from invertebrate and vertebrate species (locust and rat). Disulfide-reducing reagents dithiothreitol (DTT) and British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), but not arsenicals, inhibited [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) binding. However, after disulfide reduction, arsenicals caused a further inhibition of muscarinic binding. The effect of DTT + arsenicals was largely irreversible. The locust receptors were more sensitive to the action of both disulfide reagents either in the absence or presence of arsenicals than the rat receptors. The sulfhydryl reagent p-chloromercuric benzoate (PCMB) was more effective at inhibiting the locust receptors than the rat receptors, but addition of arsenicals did not cause further inhibition in either the locust or rat receptors. In locust, DTT + cacodylate and DTT + arsenite caused a reduction in the number of sites without modifying the affinity of [3H]QNB binding. In rat, DTT + arsenite caused a decrease in the affinity, while DTT + cacodylate caused a decrease in the affinity of [3H]QNB binding and its number of sites. Competition experiments after DTT + cacodylate showed that the IC50 and the Hill coefficient (nH) remained unchanged in the locust. In the rat, the IC50 for atropine was increased without alteration in the nH, and both parameters were increased for carbachol. These results are explained assuming that the binding site of the locust receptor has a disulfide group similar to that of the mammalian receptor, but that the hydrophobic interactions within the binding site are weaker in the locust receptor. The higher sensitivity of the insect receptor to sulfhydryl reagents could be of interest for developing methods of pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry, Bath University, U.K
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Abstract
We have compared the effect of ethanol, a membrane perturbant, on the muscarinic binding sites in neural membranes from a vertebrate (rat) and an insect (locust). The binding of the muscarinic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB) to both rat and locust neural membranes was inhibited by ethanol at 10-500 mM concentrations; but this inhibition was greater in the locust. Ethanol (500 mM) increased the apparent dissociation constant (KD') of [3H]QNB binding to rat membranes from 0.13 +/- 0.01 nM in control to 0.20 +/- 0.02 nM; there was also an small but significant reduction in the number of binding sites Bmax. In locust, 500 mM ethanol reduced the Bmax of [3H]QNB binding from 590 +/- 30 in control to 320 +/- 40 pmol/g protein; no significant alteration in the KD was detected. The dissociation rate constant (koff) of [3H]QNB increased from 0.020 +/- 0.003 in controls to 0.031 +/- 0.004 (min-1) in the presence of 500 mM ethanol, the association rate constant (Kon) did not change significantly. In locust, 500 mM ethanol did not affect either Kon or Koff. Competition experiments revealed that the binding affinities of both the agonist carbamylcholine and the antagonist atropine to the rat membranes were reduced in the presence of ethanol. In contrast, ethanol caused no alteration in the binding affinities of these ligands to the locust membranes. This differential effect of ethanol on rat and locust muscarinic binding suggests a difference in the hydrophobic domains and/or the membrane interactions of the muscarinic receptors in the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bath, U.K
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Fonseca MI, Aguilar JS, López C, García Fernández JC, De Robertis E. Regional effect of organochlorine insecticides on cholinergic muscarinic receptors of rat brain. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 84:192-5. [PMID: 3715864 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(86)90426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In different brain regions of the rat we studied the effect of chronic feeding with the organochlorine insecticides p,p'-DDT and gamma-HCH on the cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Using [3H]quinuclidinyl benzylate binding to membranes from cerebral cortex, medulla pons, diencephalon, and cerebellum it was found that the two insecticides produced a decrease in the number of muscarinic receptor sites in cerebellum; while gamma-HCH also reduced these receptors in diencephalon. In both cases no changes in receptor affinity were observed. It is suggested that the chronic treatment with these organochlorine insecticides may cause an alteration in cholinergic transmission leading to a down regulation of the muscarinic receptor in certain brain regions.
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Aguilar JS, Fonseca MI, De Robertis E. Pertussis vaccine reduces agonist binding to the rat heart muscarinic receptor and its guanine nucleotide modulation. Neurochem Res 1986; 11:745-52. [PMID: 3724969 DOI: 10.1007/bf00965342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The injection of Bordetella pertussis, inactivated by merthiolate, causes a 2-fold increase in the IC50 of carbamylcholine (carbachol) in displacing [3H];-L(-) quinuclidinyl benzilate binding ([3H]QNB) to the receptor. In control animals, 50 microM Gpp(NH)p causes a 6-fold decrease in the affinity of carbachol binding, whereas after vaccination the reduction is only 1.6-fold. After pertussis treatment there is no alteration in the affinity and number of [3H]QNB binding sites of to the muscarinic receptor.
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