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Garnweidner-Holme L, Hellmann M, Henriksen C, Austad E, Watters SI, Gaundal L, Lundin KEA, Myhrstad MCW, Telle-Hansen VH. Experiences with Gluten-Free Bread: A Qualitative Study Amongst People with Coeliac Disease Participating in a Randomised Controlled Trial. Foods 2023; 12:4338. [PMID: 38231857 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-grain bread can be an important source of fibre for people with coeliac disease (CeD) who must adhere to a gluten-free diet and avoid consuming wheat, rye and barley. Gluten-free bread frequently has a lower nutritional quality and different texture relative to gluten-containing counterparts. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate experiences with gluten-free bread amongst people with CeD prior to and during a randomised controlled trial (RCT). DESIGN We conducted individual interviews with 10 people with CeD participating in a RCT that aimed to investigate the effects of fibre-rich gluten-free products on metabolic regulation in people with CeD compared with benchmark gluten-free products. Five participants were in the control group (benchmark gluten-free bread) and five participants in the intervention group (fibre-rich gluten-free bread). The fibre-rich gluten free bread was formulated and prepared by the project group. The benchmark gluten-free bread was commercially available. The RCT lasted for four weeks. Interviews were conducted digitally between October 2021 and January 2022 and were thematically analysed. RESULTS Participants in both groups appeared to avoid bread prior to the study, primarily due to the poor taste and chewy consistency of the available bread in food stores and bakeries. Participants preferred the fibre-rich intervention bread as opposed to the available bread in the food market. However, participants had to become accustomed to eating the fibre-rich whole-grain bread during the study, since they avoided eating store-bought bread that they experienced chewy and not filling. CONCLUSIONS Participants asked for fibre-rich gluten-free bread products that are satiating and have a good texture. Palatable gluten-free bread products might be an important source of fibre for people with CeD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hellmann
- Det Glutenfrie Verksted, Nordseterveien 26A, 1176 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Austad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Ivara Watters
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4 St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Bastani N, Rud I, Byfuglien MG, Gjøvaag T, Retterstøl K, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Myhrstad MCW. Replacing saturated fatty acids with polyunsaturated fatty acids increases the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and is associated with reduced total cholesterol levels-a randomized controlled trial in healthy individuals. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:92. [PMID: 36163070 PMCID: PMC9511723 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-022-01702-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improving dietary fat quality strongly affects serum cholesterol levels and hence the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Recent studies have identified dietary fat as a potential modulator of the gut microbiota, a central regulator of host metabolism including lipid metabolism. We have previously shown a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels after replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dietary fat quality on gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in healthy individuals. In addition, to investigate how changes in gut microbiota correlate with blood lipids, bile acids, and fatty acids. Methods Seventeen participants completed a randomized, controlled dietary crossover study. The participants received products with SFAs (control) or PUFAs in random order for three days. Fecal samples for gut microbiota analyses and fasting blood samples (lipids, fatty acids, and bile acids) were measured before and after the three-day intervention. Results Of a panel of 40 bacteria, Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. were significantly increased after intervention with PUFAs compared with SFAs. Interestingly, changes in Lachnospiraceae, as well as Phascolarlactobacterium sp. and Eubacterium hallii, was also found to be negatively correlated with changes in total cholesterol levels after replacing the intake of SFAs with PUFAs for three days. No significant differences in SCFAs or bile acids were found after the intervention. Conclusion Replacing SFAs with PUFAs increased the abundance of the gut microbiota family of Lachnospiraceae and Bifidobacterium spp. Furthermore, the reduction in total cholesterol after improving dietary fat quality correlated with changes in the gut microbiota family Lachnospiraceae. Future studies are needed to reveal whether Lachnospiraceae may be targeted to reduce total cholesterol levels. Trial registration The study was registered at Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, registration identification number: NCT03658681).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Gaundal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima -Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Nydalen, P.O. Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian National Advisory Unit On Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1046, 0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, St. Olavsplass, Postbox 4, 0130, Oslo, Norway
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Gaundal L, Myhrstad MCW, Rud I, Gjøvaag T, Byfuglien MG, Retterstøl K, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Telle-Hansen VH. Gut microbiota is associated with dietary intake and metabolic markers in healthy individuals. Food Nutr Res 2022; 66:8580. [PMID: 35844956 PMCID: PMC9250133 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v66.8580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic diseases have been related to gut microbiota, and new knowledge indicates that diet impacts host metabolism through the gut microbiota. Identifying specific gut bacteria associated with both diet and metabolic risk markers may be a potential strategy for future dietary disease prevention. However, studies investigating the association between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic markers in healthy individuals are scarce. Objective We explored the relationship between a panel of gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers in healthy adults. Design Forty-nine volunteers were included in this cross-sectional study. Measures of glucose, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and body mass index (BMI) were collected after an overnight fast, in addition to fecal samples for gut microbiota analyzes using a targeted approach with a panel of 48 bacterial DNA probes and assessment of dietary intake by a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Correlations between gut bacteria, dietary intake, and metabolic and anthropometric markers were assessed by Pearson’s correlation. Gut bacteria varying according to dietary intake and metabolic markers were assessed by a linear regression model and adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. Results Of the 48 gut bacteria measured, 24 and 16 bacteria correlated significantly with dietary intake and metabolic and/or anthropometric markers, respectively. Gut bacteria including Alistipes, Lactobacillus spp., and Bacteroides stercoris differed according to the intake of the food components, fiber, sodium, saturated fatty acids, and dietary indices, and metabolic markers (BP and total cholesterol) after adjustments. Notably, Bacteroides stercoris correlated positively with the intake of fiber, grain products, and vegetables, and higher Bacteroides stercoris abundance was associated with higher adherence to Healthy Nordic Food Index (HNFI) and lower diastolic BP after adjustment. Conclusion Our findings highlight the relationship between the gut microbiota, diet, and metabolic markers in healthy individuals. Further investigations are needed to address whether these findings are causally linked and whether targeting these gut bacteria can prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Terje Gjøvaag
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Prosthetics and Orthotics, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Post box 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Høgvard B, Ulven SM, Holven KB, Byfuglien MG, Måge I, Knutsen SH, Ballance S, Rieder A, Rud I, Myhrstad MCW. A Three-Day Intervention With Granola Containing Cereal Beta-Glucan Improves Glycemic Response and Changes the Gut Microbiota in Healthy Individuals: A Crossover Study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:796362. [PMID: 35578615 PMCID: PMC9106798 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.796362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intake of soluble fibers including beta-glucan, is known to improve post-prandial glycemic response. The mechanisms have been attributed to the viscous gel forming in the stomach and small intestine, giving a longer absorption time. However, recent evidence suggests a link between intake of beta-glucan and improved glycemic regulation at subsequent meals through the gut microbiota. We investigated the short-term effect of granola with different amounts of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic response and gut microbiota. After a two-week run-in period (baseline), fourteen healthy, normal weight adults completed a dose-response dietary crossover study. Different amounts of cereal beta-glucan (low: 0.8 g, medium: 3.2 g and high: 6.6 g) were provided in granola and eaten with 200 ml low-fat milk as an evening meal for three consecutive days. Blood glucose and insulin were measured fasted and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) the following day, in addition to peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-2), fasting short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in blood, breath H2, and gut microbiota in feces. Only the intervention with medium amounts of beta-glucan decreased blood glucose and insulin during OGTT compared to baseline. Fasting PYY increased with both medium and high beta-glucan meal compared to the low beta-glucan meal. The microbiota and SCFAs changed after all three interventions compared to baseline, where acetate and butyrate increased, while propionate was unchanged. Highest positive effect size after intake of beta-glucan was found with Haemophilus, followed by Veillonella and Sutterella. Furthermore, we found several correlations between different bacterial taxa and markers of glycemic response. In summary, intake of granola containing 3.2 g cereal beta-glucan as an evening meal for three consecutive days reduced the glycemic response after an OGTT 0-180 min and changed gut microbiota composition. Since we cannot rule out that other fiber types have contributed to the effect, more studies are needed to further explore the effect of cereal beta-glucan on glycemic regulation. Clinical Trial Registration [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT03293693].
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Line Gaundal
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benedicte Høgvard
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ingrid Måge
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Svein Halvor Knutsen
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Simon Ballance
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Anne Rieder
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Ida Rud
- Nofima AS (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), Ås, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Bøhn SK, Myhrstad MCW, Thoresen M, Erlund I, Vasstrand AK, Marciuch A, Carlsen MH, Bastani NE, Engedal K, Flekkøy KM, Blomhoff R. Bilberry/red grape juice decreases plasma biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage in aged men with subjective memory impairment -a randomized clinical trial. BMC Nutr 2021; 7:75. [PMID: 34802467 PMCID: PMC8607697 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few randomized clinical trials have explored the health effects of bilberries in humans. The aim was to test the effect of bilberry and red grape-juice consumption on visual memory, motor speed and dexterity as well as inflammatory and tissue damage biomarkers of plasma in aged men with subjective memory impairment. METHODS Nine-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, dietary intervention study of aged men (n = 60, age ≥ 67 years) with subjective memory impairment randomized to consume a 50/50 mix of bilberry/red grape-juice or an iso-caloric placebo juice. A selection of Cambridge Cognition Test Battery (CANTAB), Grooved Pegboard tests and blood-sampling for biomarker analysis were performed before and after the intervention. RESULTS Compared to placebo the selected memory and motor test scores were un-affected by the bilberry/red grape intervention. However, the plasma levels of tissue damage biomarkers decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. In particular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased from 362 U/L (median, baseline) to 346 U/L (median, post intervention) in the bilberry/red grape group. Also, several biomarkers of inflammation (EGF, IL6, IL9, IL10 and TNFα) decreased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group. Furthermore, several plasma polyphenols; p-coumaric acid, hippuric acid, protocatechuic acid, 3HPAA and vanillic acid, increased significantly more in the bilberry/red grape group compared to placebo with the largest increase in p-coumaric acid with 116%; from 2.2 [1.0,5.5] to 4.7 [2.8,8.1] μM/L (median [95% CL]). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that a nine-week bilberry/red grape juice intervention has no measurable effects on the selected memory scores in aged men experiencing memory problems but decreases the level of biomarkers of inflammation and tissue damage. Whether the dampening effects on inflammation and tissue damage biomarkers have relevance for neuroinflammatory brain pathology remains to be established. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registration number ( ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00972972 ), September 9, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv K Bøhn
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Iris Erlund
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anne Marciuch
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica H Carlsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nasser E Bastani
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Engedal
- Department of geriatric medicine, Oslo university hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Myhrstad MCW, Slydahl M, Hellmann M, Garnweidner-Holme L, Lundin KEA, Henriksen C, Telle-Hansen VH. Nutritional quality and costs of gluten-free products: a case-control study of food products on the Norwegian marked. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:6121. [PMID: 33841066 PMCID: PMC8009084 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.6121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disease triggered by gluten exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. A life-long intake of a gluten-free (GF) diet is required for its management. Wheat, rye and barley are eliminated in a GF diet and the nutritional adequacy of the diet has been questioned. In Norway, cereals and bread constitute a key role of the diet and are the main source of fiber intake. Gluten restrictions may therefore offer important implications for nutrient adequacy especially linked to fiber intake in people with celiac disease. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional quality and price of GF products and compare with gluten-containing counterparts available at instead of in the Norwegian market. Design The macronutrient content of 423 unique GF products were compared with 337 equivalents with gluten. All products were selected from grocery stores and web-based shops, with the aim of including as many GF products as possible. Listed macronutrients content and price in 11 different food categories were compared to gluten-containing counterparts with Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results The GF products contained less protein and fiber, and higher content of saturated fat, carbohydrate and salt compared to the gluten-containing products. The total amount of fat was not different between the groups. A similar pattern was found within several of the food categories. More gluten-containing products met the nutrition claim "high in fiber" (fiber > 6 g/100 g) compared to the GF products. The price of the GF products was higher; ranging from 46%-443% more expensive than the gluten-containing products. Conclusion GF products are less nutritious and have a higher price compared to equivalent gluten-containing products. Knowing that an unhealthy diet is the most important risk factor for developing non-communicable diseases, the nutritional quality of a GF diet needs to be addressed and should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marlene Slydahl
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Garnweidner-Holme L, Sende K, Hellmann M, Henriksen C, Lundin KEA, Myhrstad MCW, Telle-Hansen VH. Experiences of managing a gluten-free diet on multiple levels of society: a qualitative study. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:65. [PMID: 33292694 PMCID: PMC7682064 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00390-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy against dietary gluten. The treatment for CD is a strict life-long gluten-free (GF) diet, which has a profound effect on a person’s life. In recent years, there has been an increase in the availability of gluten-free products. This study investigates how people with CD experience and manage a GF diet. Methods Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted in different areas of Norway. The analysis was guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants with CD (n = 12) varied in terms of gender, age, family composition and time since diagnosed. Results The analysis revealed challenges for a GF diet at the individual, interpersonal, community and policy levels. At the individual level, the participants explained that it took time to gain knowledge about a GF diet, and they expressed uncertainty about the healthiness of a GF diet. At the interpersonal level, the feeling of being different and the fear of gluten contamination were barriers to the enjoyment of social meals. At the community level, the participants asked for a wider selection of tastier GF products to purchase and increased knowledge about CD among those who prepare and sell GF foods. At the policy level, the participants asked for political action to make GF products more affordable. Conclusions This study indicates that people with CD should be given information about how to manage a GF diet right after being diagnosed with CD. The food industry should be encouraged to produce healthy and tasty GF products. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s40795-020-00390-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Garnweidner-Holme
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Karla Sende
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Monica Hellmann
- Det Glutenfrie Verkstedet, Nordseterveien 26A, 1176, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E A Lundin
- K. G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Boks 1072 Blindern, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, P.O. 4, St. Olavs Plass, 0130 Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
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Ulven SM, Holven KB, Rundblad A, Myhrstad MCW, Leder L, Dahlman I, de Mello VD, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Pihlajamäki J, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Kolehmainen M. An Isocaloric Nordic Diet Modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122932. [PMID: 31816875 PMCID: PMC6950764 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELAproto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22840208
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterlemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lena Leder
- Mills AS, Sofienberggt. 19, 0558 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 021100 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
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9
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Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Dahlman I, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Rundblad A, Carlberg C, Olstad OK, Pihlajamäki J, Holven KB, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Ulven SM. Healthy Nordic Diet Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to Mitochondrial Function and Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801405. [PMID: 30964598 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To explore the effect of a healthy Nordic diet on the global transcriptome profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects with metabolic syndrome undergo a 18/24 week randomized intervention study comparing an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet with an average habitual Nordic diet served as control (SYSDIET study). Altogether, 68 participants are included. PBMCs are obtained before and after intervention and total RNA is subjected to global transcriptome analysis. 1302 probe sets are differentially expressed between the diet groups (p-value < 0.05). Twenty-five of these are significantly regulated (FDR q-value < 0.25) and are mainly involved in mitochondrial function, cell growth, and cell adhesion. The list of 1302 regulated probe sets is subjected to functional analyses. Pathways and processes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, immune response, and cell cycle are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. In addition, gene transcripts with common motifs for 42 transcription factors, including NFR1, NFR2, and NF-κB, are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that benefits of a healthy diet may be mediated by improved mitochondrial function and reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC) and University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 61-701, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Telle-Hansen VH, Gaundal L, Myhrstad MCW. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11051067. [PMID: 31091649 PMCID: PMC6566834 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary fat on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied in recent decades. Solid evidence indicates that replacing saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) decreases blood cholesterol levels and prevents CVD and CVD mortality. Studies indicate that fat quality also may affect insulin sensitivity and hence, the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). A high intake of SFAs has shown to increase the risk of T2D in prospective studies, while a high intake of PUFAs reduces the risk. Whether PUFAs from marine or vegetable sources affect glycemic regulation differently in T2D remains to be elucidated. The aim of the present review was therefore to summarize research on human randomized, controlled intervention studies investigating the effect of dietary PUFAs on glycemic regulation in T2D. About half of the studies investigating the effect of fish, fish oils, vegetable oils, or nuts found changes related to glycemic control in people with T2D, while the other half found no effects. Even though some of the studies used SFA as controls, the majority of the included studies compared PUFAs of different quality. Considering that both marine and vegetable oils are high in PUFAs and hence both oils may affect glycemic regulation, the lack of effect in several of the included studies may be explained by the use of an inappropriate control group. It is therefore not possible to draw a firm conclusion, and more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke H Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line Gaundal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Postbox 4, St. Olavsplass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
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11
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Larsen SV, Holven KB, Ottestad I, Dagsland KN, Myhrstad MCW, Ulven SM. Correction to: Plasma fatty acid levels and gene expression related to lipid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a cross-sectional study in healthy subjects. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:16. [PMID: 30002737 PMCID: PMC6033280 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva V Larsen
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,2Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine N Dagsland
- 3Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- 3Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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12
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Larsen SV, Holven KB, Ottestad I, Dagsland KN, Myhrstad MCW, Ulven SM. Plasma fatty acid levels and gene expression related to lipid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a cross-sectional study in healthy subjects. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:9. [PMID: 29662553 PMCID: PMC5892037 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Solid evidence indicates that intake of marine n-3 fatty acids lowers serum triglycerides and that replacing saturated fatty acids (SFA) with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) reduces plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The molecular mechanisms underlying these health beneficial effects are however not completely elucidated. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) depending on the plasma levels of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the SFA to PUFA ratio. Methods Fifty-four healthy subjects were grouped into tertiles (n = 18) based on plasma levels of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and the SFA to PUFA ratio. The PBMC gene expression levels among subjects in the highest versus the lowest tertiles were compared. In total, 285 genes related to cholesterol and triglyceride metabolism were selected for this explorative study. Results Among the 285 selected genes, 161 were defined as expressed in the PBMCs. The plasma SFA to PUFA ratio was associated with the highest number of significantly different expressed genes (25 gene transcripts), followed by plasma n-6 fatty acid level (15 gene transcripts) and plasma n-3 fatty acid level (8 gene transcripts). In particular, genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis were significantly different expressed among subjects with high compared to low plasma SFA to PUFA ratio. Conclusion Genes involved in lipid metabolism were differentially expressed in PBMCs depending on the plasma fatty acid levels. This finding may increase our understanding of how fatty acids influence lipid metabolism at a molecular level in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-018-0600-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva V Larsen
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,2Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kine N Dagsland
- 3Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- 3Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- 1Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Narverud I, Myhrstad MCW, Herzig KH, Karhu T, Dahl TB, Halvorsen B, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Lack of Effects of a Single High-Fat Meal Enriched with Vegetable n-3 or a Combination of Vegetable and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids on Intestinal Peptide Release and Adipokines in Healthy Female Subjects. Front Nutr 2016; 3:38. [PMID: 27630989 PMCID: PMC5005423 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides released from the small intestine and colon regulate short-term food intake by suppressing appetite and inducing satiety. Intake of marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) from fish and fish oils is associated with beneficial health effects, whereas the relation between intake of the vegetable n-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid and diseases is less clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the postprandial effects of a single high-fat meal enriched with vegetable n-3 or a combination of vegetable and marine n-3 FAs with their different unsaturated fatty acid composition on intestinal peptide release and the adipose tissue. Fourteen healthy lean females consumed three test meals with different fat quality in a fixed order. The test meal consisted of three cakes enriched with coconut fat, linseed oil, and a combination of linseed and cod liver oil. The test days were separated by 2 weeks. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 3 and 6 h after intake were analyzed. A significant postprandial effect was observed for cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, amylin and insulin, which increased, while leptin decreased postprandially independent of the fat composition in the high-fat meal. In conclusion, in healthy, young, lean females, an intake of a high-fat meal enriched with n-3 FAs from different origin stimulates intestinal peptide release without any difference between the different fat compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Oulu University Medical School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Oulu University Medical School, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Myhrstad MCW, Ottestad I, Günther CC, Ryeng E, Holden M, Nilsson A, Brønner KW, Kohler A, Borge GIA, Holven KB, Ulven SM. The PBMC transcriptome profile after intake of oxidized versus high-quality fish oil: an explorative study in healthy subjects. Genes Nutr 2016; 11:16. [PMID: 27551317 PMCID: PMC4968435 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are susceptible to oxidation, generating a range of different oxidation products with suggested negative health effects. The aim of the present study was to utilize sensitive high-throughput transcriptome analyses to investigate potential unfavorable effects of oxidized fish oil (PV: 18 meq/kg; AV: 9) compared to high-quality fish oil (PV: 4 meq/kg; AV: 3). METHODS In a double-blinded randomized controlled study for seven weeks, 35 healthy subjects were assigned to 8 g of either oxidized fish oil or high quality fish oil. The daily dose of EPA+DHA was 1.6 g. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at baseline and after 7 weeks and transcriptome analyses were performed with the illuminaHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip. RESULTS No gene transcripts, biological processes, pathway or network were significantly changed in the oxidized fish oil group compared to the fish oil group. Furthermore, gene sets related to oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease were not differently regulated between the groups. Within group analyses revealed a more prominent effect after intake of high quality fish oil as 11 gene transcripts were significantly (FDR < 0.1) changed from baseline versus three within the oxidized fish oil group. CONCLUSION The suggested concern linking lipid oxidation products to short-term unfavorable health effects may therefore not be evident at a molecular level in this explorative study. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01034423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Einar Ryeng
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7489 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Astrid Nilsson
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsti W Brønner
- TINE SA, Centre for Research and Development, P.O. Box 7, Kalbakken, 0902 Oslo, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway ; Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology (IMT), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| | - Grethe I A Borge
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, PB 210, Aas, N-1431 Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, P.O Box 4950, Nydalen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway ; Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway
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15
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Leder L, Kolehmainen M, Narverud I, Dahlman I, Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Paananen J, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thoresen M, Arner P, Poutanen KS, Uusitupa M, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study. Genes Nutr 2016; 11:3. [PMID: 27482295 PMCID: PMC4959556 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diet has a great impact on the risk of developing features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated whether a long-term healthy Nordic diet (ND) can modify the expression of inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with MetS. Methods A Nordic multicenter randomized dietary study included subjects (n = 213) with MetS, randomized to a ND group or a control diet (CD) group applying an isocaloric study protocol. In this sub-study, we included subjects (n = 89) from three Nordic centers: Kuopio (n = 26), Lund (n = 30), and Oulu (n = 33) with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration ≤10 mg L−1, and baseline body mass index <39 kg m−2. PBMCs were isolated, and the mRNA gene expression analysis was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We analyzed the mRNA expression changes of 44 genes before and after a 2hOGTT at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results The healthy ND significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 (IL18), and thrombospondin receptor (CD36) mRNA transcripts and significantly up-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) mRNA transcript after the 2hOGTT compared to the CD. Conclusions A healthy ND is able to modify the gene expression in PBMCs after a 2hOGTT. However, more studies are needed to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Leder
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Myhrstad MCW, Ulven SM, Günther CC, Ottestad I, Holden M, Ryeng E, Borge GI, Kohler A, Brønner KW, Thoresen M, Holven KB. Fish oil supplementation induces expression of genes related to cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: a transcriptomic approach. J Intern Med 2014; 276:498-511. [PMID: 24641624 PMCID: PMC4263263 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fish oil supplementation has been shown to alter gene expression of mononuclear cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, little is known about the total transcriptome profile in healthy subjects after intake of fish oil. We therefore investigated the gene expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after intake of fish oil for 7 weeks using transcriptome analyses. DESIGN In a 7-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, parallel-group study, healthy subjects received 8 g day(-1) fish oil (1.6 g day(-1) eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid) (n = 17) or 8 g day(-1) high oleic sunflower oil (n = 19). Microarray analyses of RNA isolated from PBMCs were performed at baseline and after 7 weeks of intervention. RESULTS Cell cycle, DNA packaging and chromosome organization are biological processes found to be upregulated after intake of fish oil compared to high oleic sunflower oil using a moderated t-test. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis identified several enriched gene sets after intake of fish oil. The genes contributing to the significantly different gene sets in the subjects given fish oil compared with the control group are involved in cell cycle, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis. Gene transcripts with common motifs for 35 known transcription factors including E2F, TP53 and ATF4 were upregulated after intake of fish oil. CONCLUSION We have shown that intake of fish oil for 7 weeks modulates gene expression in PBMCs of healthy subjects. The increased expression of genes related to cell cycle, ER stress and apoptosis suggests that intake of fish oil may modulate basic cellular processes involved in normal cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C W Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Ottestad I, Retterstøl K, Myhrstad MCW, Andersen LF, Vogt G, Nilsson A, Borge GIA, Nordvi B, Brønner KW, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Intake of oxidised fish oil does not affect circulating levels of oxidised LDL or inflammatory markers in healthy subjects. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:e3-e4. [PMID: 23146358 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Ottestad I, Hassani S, Borge GI, Kohler A, Vogt G, Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M, Brønner KW, Holven KB, Ulven SM, Myhrstad MCW. Fish oil supplementation alters the plasma lipidomic profile and increases long-chain PUFAs of phospholipids and triglycerides in healthy subjects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42550. [PMID: 22952598 PMCID: PMC3429454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While beneficial health effects of fish and fish oil consumption are well documented, the incorporation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in plasma lipid classes is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation on the plasma lipidomic profile in healthy subjects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a double-blinded randomized controlled parallel-group study, healthy subjects received capsules containing either 8 g/d of fish oil (FO) (1.6 g/d EPA+DHA) (n = 16) or 8 g/d of high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) (n = 17) for seven weeks. During the first three weeks of intervention, the subjects completed a fully controlled diet period. BMI and total serum triglycerides, total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol were unchanged during the intervention period. Lipidomic analyses were performed using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS), where 568 lipids were detected and 260 identified. Both t-tests and Multi-Block Partial Least Square Regression (MBPLSR) analysis were performed for analysing differences between the intervention groups. The intervention groups were well separated by the lipidomic data after three weeks of intervention. Several lipid classes such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and triglycerides contributed strongly to this separation. Twenty-three lipids were significantly decreased (FDR<0.05) in the FO group after three weeks compared with the HOSO group, whereas fifty-one were increased including selected phospholipids and triglycerides of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. After seven weeks of intervention the two intervention groups showed similar grouping. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In healthy subjects, fish oil supplementation alters lipid metabolism and increases the proportion of phospholipids and triglycerides containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Whether the beneficial effects of fish oil supplementation may be explained by a remodeling of the plasma lipids into phospholipids and triglycerides of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids needs to be further investigated. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01034423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inger Ottestad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sahar Hassani
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, Norway
| | - Grethe I. Borge
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Achim Kohler
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
- Centre for Integrative Genetics (CIGENE), Department of Mathematical Sciences and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Science, Ås, Norway
| | - Gjermund Vogt
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kirsti W. Brønner
- TINE SA, Centre for Research and Development, Kalbakken, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Myhrstad MCW, Retterstøl K, Telle-Hansen VH, Ottestad I, Halvorsen B, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effect of marine n-3 fatty acids on circulating inflammatory markers in healthy subjects and subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. Inflamm Res 2011; 60:309-19. [PMID: 21229287 PMCID: PMC3058501 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the present paper was to review the literature in order to summarize the effects of marine n-3 fatty acids on circulating inflammatory markers among healthy subjects, subjects with high risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and in patients with CVD in human intervention studies. Methods A systematic literature search in PubMed was performed. Intervention studies describing the effects of marine n-3 fatty acids on circulating inflammatory markers in healthy subjects, subjects with high risk of CVD and patients with CVD were included. The following exclusion criteria were used: (1) interventions assessing inflammatory markers with ex vivo methods (2) interventions with children (3) articles describing animal or cell culture studies. Twenty-two articles were included. Additionally, 13 papers from their literature lists were included based on the same inclusion and exclusion criteria as the literature search. Results and conclusion Intervention studies with marine n-3 fatty acids administered from either fish or fish oil demonstrate different results on inflammatory markers. No firm conclusion can be drawn about the effect of marine n-3 fatty acids on circulating inflammatory markers in healthy individuals, individuals with high risk of developing CVD or individuals with CVD related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Management, Akershus University College, PO box 423, 2001 Lillestrøm, Norway
| | - Kjetil Retterstøl
- Lipid Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Medicines Agency, 0950 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke H. Telle-Hansen
- Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Management, Akershus University College, PO box 423, 2001 Lillestrøm, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Ottestad
- Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Management, Akershus University College, PO box 423, 2001 Lillestrøm, Norway
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute for Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical sciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1046, Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M. Ulven
- Faculty of Health, Nutrition and Management, Akershus University College, PO box 423, 2001 Lillestrøm, Norway
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Balstad TR, Carlsen H, Myhrstad MCW, Kolberg M, Reiersen H, Gilen L, Ebihara K, Paur I, Blomhoff R. Coffee, broccoli and spices are strong inducers of electrophile response element-dependent transcription in vitro and in vivo - Studies in electrophile response element transgenic mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 55:185-97. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Balstad TR, Paur I, Poulsen M, Markowski J, Kolodziejczyk K, Dragsted LO, Myhrstad MCW, Blomhoff R. Apple, Cherry, and Blackcurrant Increases Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Liver of Transgenic Mice. Nutr Cancer 2010; 62:841-8. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581003695749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Polyphenols in food plants are a versatile group of phytochemicals with many potentially beneficial activities in terms of disease prevention. In vitro cell culture experiments have shown that polyphenols possess antioxidant properties, and it is thought that these activities account for disease-preventing effects of diets high in polyphenols. However, polyphenols may be regarded as xenobiotics by animal cells and are to some extent treated as such, ie, they interact with phase I and phase II enzyme systems. We recently showed that dietary plant polyphenols, namely, the flavonoids, modulate expression of an important enzyme in both cellular antioxidant defenses and detoxification of xenobiotics, ie, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. This enzyme is rate limiting in the synthesis of the most important endogenous antioxidant in cells, glutathione. We showed in vitro that flavonoids increase expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and, by using a unique transgenic reporter mouse strain, we showed increased expression in vivo, with a concomitant increase in the intracellular glutathione concentrations in muscles. Because glutathione is important in redox regulation of transcription factors and enzymes for signal transduction, our results suggest that polyphenol-mediated regulation of glutathione alters cellular processes. Evidently, glutathione is important in many diseases, and regulation of intracellular glutathione concentrations may be one mechanism by which diet influences disease development. The aim of this review is to discuss some of the mechanisms involved in the glutathione-mediated, endogenous, cellular antioxidant defense system, how its possible modulation by dietary polyphenols such as flavonoids may influence disease development, and how it can be studied with in vivo imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Ø Moskaug
- Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Norway
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Carlsen H, Myhrstad MCW, Thoresen M, Moskaug JØ, Blomhoff R. Berry intake increases the activity of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase promoter in transgenic reporter mice. J Nutr 2003; 133:2137-40. [PMID: 12840168 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.7.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in fruit and vegetables is associated with decreased risk of disease. One possible mechanism for this is that dietary antioxidants positively regulate protective genes. Toward our goal to identify bioactive compounds with such functions in plants, we developed transgenic mice that express luciferase controlled by the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase heavy subunit (GCS(h)) promoter. Mice that consumed a nonpurified diet ad libitum were supplemented with juices or extracts of antioxidant-rich berries for 42 h or 3-4 wk. The treatments generally increased luciferase activity in brain and skeletal muscle and decreased it in liver compared with controls fed water. The same overall pattern was also found in mice fed ellagic acid (EA), a phenolic acid found in many berries. This change in GCS(h) promoter activity after berry treatment occurred in only approximately 50% of the mice, indicating that they were either responders or nonresponders. Our results demonstrate for the first time that berry extracts rich in polyphenols and EA can induce GCS(h) in vivo. The induction of protective enzymes may be important for the chemopreventive effects of fruits and vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Carlsen
- Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Myhrstad MCW, Carlsen H, Nordström O, Blomhoff R, Moskaug JØ. Flavonoids increase the intracellular glutathione level by transactivation of the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase catalytical subunit promoter. Free Radic Biol Med 2002; 32:386-93. [PMID: 11864778 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables protect against cancer by so far not well-characterized mechanisms. One likely explanation for this effect is that dietary plants contain substances able to control basic cellular processes such as the endogenous defense against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is pivotal in many pathological processes and reduced oxidative stress is implicated in prevention of disease. Our results demonstrate that extract from onion and various flavonoids induce the cellular antioxidant system. Onion extract and quercetin were able to increase the intracellular concentration of glutathione by approximately 50%. Using a reporter construct where reporter expression is driven by the gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) heavy subunit (GCS(h)) promoter we show that onion extract, quercetin, kaempferol, and apigenin increased reporter gene activity, while a fourth flavonoid, myricetin and sugar conjugates of quercetin were unable to increase reporter expression. Quercetin was also able to induce a distal part of the GCS(h) promoter containing only two antioxidant-response/electrophile-response elements (ARE/EpRE). Our data strongly suggest that flavonoids are important in the regulation of the intracellular glutathione levels. This effect may be exerted in part through GCS gene regulation, and may also contribute to the disease-preventing effect of fruits and vegetables.
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Halvorsen BL, Holte K, Myhrstad MCW, Barikmo I, Hvattum E, Remberg SF, Wold AB, Haffner K, Baugerød H, Andersen LF, Moskaug Ø, Jacobs DR, Blomhoff R. A systematic screening of total antioxidants in dietary plants. J Nutr 2002; 132:461-71. [PMID: 11880572 DOI: 10.1093/jn/132.3.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A predominantly plant-based diet reduces the risk for development of several chronic diseases. It is often assumed that antioxidants contribute to this protection, but results from intervention trials with single antioxidants administered as supplements quite consistently do not support any benefit. Because dietary plants contain several hundred different antioxidants, it would be useful to know the total concentration of electron-donating antioxidants (i.e., reductants) in individual items. Such data might be useful in the identification of the most beneficial dietary plants. We have assessed systematically total antioxidants in a variety of dietary plants used worldwide, including various fruits, berries, vegetables, cereals, nuts and pulses. When possible, we analyzed three or more samples of dietary plants from three different geographic regions in the world. Total antioxidants was assessed by the reduction of Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) (i.e., the FRAP assay), which occurred rapidly with all reductants with half-reaction reduction potentials above that of Fe(3+)/Fe(2+). The values, therefore, expressed the corresponding concentration of electron-donating antioxidants. Our results demonstrated that there is more than a 1000-fold difference among total antioxidants in various dietary plants. Plants that contain most antioxidants included members of several families, such as Rosaceae (dog rose, sour cherry, blackberry, strawberry, raspberry), Empetraceae (crowberry), Ericaceae (blueberry), Grossulariaceae (black currant), Juglandaceae (walnut), Asteraceae (sunflower seed), Punicaceae (pomegranate) and Zingiberaceae (ginger). In a Norwegian diet, fruits, berries and cereals contributed 43.6%, 27.1% and 11.7%, respectively, of the total intake of plant antioxidants. Vegetables contributed only 8.9%. The systematic analysis presented here will facilitate research into the nutritional role of the combined effect of antioxidants in dietary plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Halvorsen
- Institute for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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