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Markkanen JO, Oikarinen N, Savolainen MJ, Merikallio H, Nyman V, Salminen V, Virkkula T, Karppinen P, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Hukkanen J. Mobile health behaviour change support system as independent treatment tool for obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:376-383. [PMID: 38062218 PMCID: PMC10896717 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01426-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Digital health interventions are increasingly utilized as an adjunct to face-to-face counselling in the treatment of obesity. However, previous studies have shown inconsistent efficacy when digital interventions are used as stand-alone treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a mobile health behaviour change support system (mHBCSS) is effective in weight reduction and weight loss maintenance without additional counselling. Furthermore, changes in cardiometabolic risk factors were investigated. METHODS In this randomized controlled trial, a mHBCSS intervention was conducted for 200 volunteers with obesity (BMI 30-40 kg/m² and age 18-65 years). The study participants were randomly assigned into two groups: immediate access to mHBCSS intervention or wait-list control with access to mHBCSS after 6 months. Anthropometric and metabolic traits were also measured. The primary outcome was weight loss from the baseline to the 6-month visit. RESULTS Among 200 participants (88.5% women), mean BMI (SD) was 34.3 kg/m² (2.8) and age 46.5 years (9.5). The retention rate was 98.5% and 89.0% at the 6- and 12-month visits, respectively. At the 6-month visit, those with immediate access to mHBCSS had significantly greater weight loss (-2.5%, 95% CI -3.4 to -1.6, p < 0.001) compared with the wait-list control group (0.2%, 95% CI -0.4 to 0.9, p = 0.466; between groups p < 0.001). Weight loss was maintained until the 12-month time point in the mHBCSS group (-2.1%, 95% CI -3.3 to -0.9, p = 0.001). The usage of mHBCSS had no significant effect on metabolic traits. CONCLUSION The mHBCSS as a stand-alone treatment of obesity results in weight reduction and weight loss maintenance with remarkable adherence rate. Further studies are needed to establish how to best implement the scalable and resource-efficient mHBCSS into the standard care of obesity to achieve optimal weight loss results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko O Markkanen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Noora Oikarinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heta Merikallio
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Nyman
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Salminen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Teppo Virkkula
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pasi Karppinen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harri Oinas-Kukkonen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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2
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Happonen N, Härma MA, Akhi R, Nissinen AE, Savolainen MJ, Ruuth M, Öörni K, Adeshara K, Lehto M, Groop PH, Koivukangas V, Hukkanen J, Hörkkö S. Impact of RYGB surgery on plasma immunoglobulins: association between blood pressure and glucose levels six months after surgery. APMIS 2024; 132:187-197. [PMID: 38149431 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to study levels of natural antibodies in plasma, and their associations to clinical and fecal biomarkers, before and 6 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Thirty individuals with obesity [16 type 2 diabetic, 14 non-diabetic (ND)] had RYGB surgery. Total plasma IgA, IgG and IgM antibody levels and specific antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts, Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain A hemagglutinin domain (Rgp44), and phosphocholine were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Associations between plasma and fecal antibodies as well as clinical markers were analyzed. RYGB surgery reduced blood pressure, and the glycemic state was improved. A higher level of diastolic blood pressure was associated with lower plasma antibodies to oxLDL after surgery. Also, lower level of glucose markers associated with lower level of plasma antibodies to bacterial virulence factors. Antibodies to oxLDL decreased after surgery, and positive association between active serum lipopolysaccharide and specific oxLDL antibodies was detected. Total IgG levels decreased after surgery, but only in ND individuals. Reduced level of total plasma IgG, improved state of hypertension and hyperglycemia and their associations with decreased levels of specific antibodies in plasma, suggest an improved state of systemic inflammation after RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Happonen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari-Anne Härma
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E Nissinen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija Ruuth
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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3
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Zhao S, Hörkkö S, Savolainen MJ, Koivukangas V, Mäkinen VP, Ala-Korpela M, Hukkanen J. Short-Term Metabolic Changes and Their Physiological Mediators in the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:625-634. [PMID: 38191968 PMCID: PMC10810963 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-07042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a common bariatric surgery to treat obesity. Its metabolic consequences are favourable and long-term clinical corollaries beneficial. However, detailed assessments of various affected metabolic pathways and their mediating physiological factors are scarce. METHODS We performed a clinical study with 30 RYGB patients in preoperative and 6-month postoperative visits. NMR metabolomics was applied to profiling of systemic metabolism via 80 molecular traits, representing core cardiometabolic pathways. Glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, and apolipoprotein B-48 were measured with standard assays. Logistic regression models of the surgery effect were used for each metabolic measure and assessed individually for multiple mediating physiological factors. RESULTS Changes in insulin concentrations reflected those of BMI with robust decreases due to the surgery. Six months after the surgery, triglycerides, remnant cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B-100 were decreased -24%, -18%, and -14%, respectively. Lactate and glycoprotein acetyls, a systemic inflammation biomarker, decreased -16% and -9%, respectively. The concentrations of branched-chain (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and aromatic (phenylalanine and tyrosine) amino acids decreased after the surgery between -17% for tyrosine and -23% for leucine. Except for the most prominent metabolic changes observed for the BCAAs, all changes were almost completely mediated by weight change and insulin. Glucose and type 2 diabetes had clearly weaker effects on the metabolic changes. CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive metabolic analyses indicate that weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity during the 6 months after the RYGB surgery are the key physiological outcomes mediating the short-term advantageous metabolic effects of RYGB. The clinical study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01330251.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Zhao
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville-Petteri Mäkinen
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Systems Epidemiology, Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Oikarinen N, Jokelainen T, Heikkilä L, Nurkkala M, Hukkanen J, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ, Teeriniemi AM. Low eating self-efficacy is associated with unfavorable eating behavior tendencies among individuals with overweight and obesity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7730. [PMID: 37173366 PMCID: PMC10182077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34513-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Success in long-term weight management depends partly on psychological and behavioral aspects. Understanding the links between psychological factors and eating behavior tendencies is needed to develop more effective weight management methods. This population-based cross-sectional study examined whether eating self-efficacy (ESE) is associated with cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), emotional eating (EE), and binge eating (BE). The hypothesis was that individuals with low ESE have more unfavorable eating behavior tendencies than individuals with high ESE. Participants were classified as low ESE and high ESE by the Weight-Related Self-Efficacy questionnaire (WEL) median cut-off point. Eating behavior tendencies were assessed with Three Factor Eating Questionnaire R-18 and Binge Eating Scale, and additionally, by the number of difficulties in weight management. The difficulties were low CR, high UE, high EE, and moderate or severe BE. Five hundred and thirty-two volunteers with overweight and obesity were included in the study. Participants with low ESE had lower CR (p < 0.03) and higher UE, EE, and BE (p < 0.001) than participants with high ESE. Thirty-nine percent of men with low ESE had at least two difficulties in successful weight control while this percentage was only 8% in men with high ESE. In women, the corresponding figures were 56% and 10%. The risk of low ESE was increased by high UE [OR 5.37 (95% CI 1.99-14.51)], high EE [OR 6.05 (95% CI 2.07-17.66)], or moderate or severe BE [OR 12.31 (95% CI 1.52-99.84)] in men, and by low CR [OR 5.19 (95% CI 2.22-12.18)], high UE [OR 7.20 (95% CI 2.41-19.22)], or high EE [OR 23.66 (95% CI 4.79-116.77)] in women. Low ESE was associated with unfavorable eating behavior tendencies and multiple concomitant difficulties in successful weight loss promotion. These eating behavior tendencies should be considered when counseling patients with overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Oikarinen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Laura Heikkilä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjukka Nurkkala
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Teeriniemi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
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5
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Istomin N, Härma MA, Akhi R, Nissinen AE, Savolainen MJ, Adeshara K, Lehto M, Groop PH, Koivukangas V, Hukkanen J, Hörkkö S. Total fecal IgA levels increase and natural IgM antibodies decrease after gastric bypass surgery. APMIS 2022; 130:637-646. [PMID: 35959517 PMCID: PMC9805076 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased systemic oxidative stress. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is known to ameliorate the obesity-induced metabolic dysfunctions. We aimed to study the levels of natural antibodies in feces, before and 6 months after RYGB surgery in obese individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Sixteen individuals with T2D and 14 non-diabetic (ND) individuals were operated. Total IgA, IgG and IgM antibody levels and specific antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adducts (MAA adducts), Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain A hemagglutinin domain (Rgp44) and phosphocholine (PCho) were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay. Total fecal IgA was elevated, while total IgM and IgG were not affected by the surgery. Fecal natural IgM specific to oxLDL decreased significantly in both T2D and ND individuals, while fecal IgM to Rgp44 and PCho decreased significantly in T2D individuals. A decrease in IgG to MAA-LDL, Rgp44 and PCho was detected. RYGB surgery increases the levels of total fecal IgA and decreases fecal natural IgG and IgM antibodies specific to oxLDL. Natural antibodies and IgA are important in maintaining the normal gut homeostasis and first-line defense against microbes, and their production is markedly altered with RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Istomin
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mari-Anne Härma
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramin Akhi
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti E Nissinen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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6
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Gürdeniz G, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Cloetens L, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Rosqvist F, Ulven SM, Gunnarsdóttir I, Thorsdottir I, Oresic M, Poutanen KS, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Dragsted LO. Analysis of the SYSDIET Healthy Nordic Diet randomized trial based on metabolic profiling reveal beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and blood lipids. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:441-451. [PMID: 35007813 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intake assessment in multicenter trials is challenging, yet important for accurate outcome evaluation. The present study aimed to characterize a multicenter randomized controlled trial with a healthy Nordic diet (HND) compared to a Control diet (CD) by plasma and urine metabolic profiles and to associate them with cardiometabolic markers. METHODS During 18-24 weeks of intervention, 200 participants with metabolic syndrome were advised at six centres to eat either HND (e.g. whole-grain products, berries, rapeseed oil, fish and low-fat dairy) or CD while being weight stable. Of these 166/159 completers delivered blood/urine samples. Metabolic profiles of fasting plasma and 24 h pooled urine were analysed to identify characteristic diet-related patterns. Principal components analysis (PCA) scores (i.e. PC1 and PC2 scores) were used to test their combined effect on blood glucose response (primary endpoint), serum lipoproteins, triglycerides, and inflammatory markers. RESULTS The profiles distinguished HND and CD with AUC of 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.93 ± 0.02 for plasma and urine, respectively, with limited heterogeneity between centers, reflecting markers of key foods. Markers of fish, whole grain and polyunsaturated lipids characterized HND, while CD was reflected by lipids containing palmitoleic acid. The PC1 scores of plasma metabolites characterizing the intervention is associated with HDL (β = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.08; P = 0.001) and triglycerides (β = -0.06; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.03; P < 0.001). PC2 scores were related with glucose metabolism (2 h Glucose, β = 0.1; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.15; P < 0.001), LDL (β = 0.06; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.1; P = 0.02) and triglycerides (β = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.15; P < 0.001). For urine, the scores were related with LDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Plasma and urine metabolite profiles from SYSDIET reflected good compliance with dietary recommendations across the region. The scores of metabolites characterizing the diets associated with outcomes related with cardio-metabolic risk. Our analysis therefore offers a novel way to approach a per protocol analysis with a balanced compliance assessment in larger multicentre dietary trials. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov with NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Gürdeniz
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Stine Marie Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdóttir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland; Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali National University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Matej Oresic
- Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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7
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Karpale M, Käräjämäki AJ, Kummu O, Gylling H, Hyötyläinen T, Orešič M, Tolonen A, Hautajärvi H, Savolainen MJ, Ala-Korpela M, Hukkanen J, Hakkola J. Activation of pregnane X receptor induces atherogenic lipids and PCSK9 by a SREBP2-mediated mechanism. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:2461-2481. [PMID: 33687065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Many drugs and environmental contaminants induce hypercholesterolemia and promote the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that pregnane X receptor (PXR), a xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptor, regulates the level of circulating atherogenic lipids in humans and utilized mouse experiments to identify the mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We performed serum NMR metabolomics in healthy volunteers administered rifampicin, a prototypical human PXR ligand or placebo in a crossover setting. We used high-fat diet fed wild-type and PXR knockout mice to investigate the mechanisms mediating the PXR-induced alterations in cholesterol homeostasis. KEY RESULTS Activation of PXR induced cholesterogenesis both in pre-clinical and clinical settings. In human volunteers, rifampicin increased intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol and lathosterol-cholesterol ratio, a marker of cholesterol synthesis, suggesting increased cholesterol synthesis. Experiments in mice indicated that PXR activation causes widespread induction of the cholesterol synthesis genes including the rate-limiting Hmgcr and upregulates the intermediates in the Kandutsch-Russell cholesterol synthesis pathway in the liver. Additionally, PXR activation induced plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a negative regulator of hepatic LDL uptake, in both mice and humans. We propose that these effects were mediated through increased proteolytic activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) in response to PXR activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PXR activation induces cholesterol synthesis, elevating LDL and total cholesterol in humans. The PXR-SREBP2 pathway is a novel regulator of the cholesterol and PCSK9 synthesis and a molecular mechanism for drug- and chemical-induced hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Karpale
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki Juhani Käräjämäki
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of gastroenterology, Clinics of Internal Medicine, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland.,Abdominal Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Outi Kummu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Helena Gylling
- Heart and Lung Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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8
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Paavola T, Bergmann U, Kuusisto S, Kakko S, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Distinct Fatty Acid Compositions of HDL Phospholipids Are Characteristic of Metabolic Syndrome and Premature Coronary Heart Disease-Family Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094908. [PMID: 34066314 PMCID: PMC8124224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL particles can be structurally modified in atherosclerotic disorders associated with low HDL cholesterol level (HDL-C). We studied whether the lipidome of the main phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) species of HDL2 and HDL3 subfractions is associated with premature coronary heart disease (CHD) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in families where common low HDL-C predisposes to premature CHD. The lipidome was analyzed by LC-MS. Lysophosphatidylcholines were depleted of linoleic acid relative to more saturated and shorter-chained acids containing species in MetS compared with non-affected subjects: the ratio of palmitic to linoleic acid was elevated by more than 30%. A minor PC (16:0/16:1) was elevated (28–40%) in MetS. The contents of oleic acid containing PCs were elevated relative to linoleic acid containing PCs in MetS; the ratio of PC (16:0/18:1) to PC (16:0/18:2) was elevated by 11–16%. Certain PC and SM ratios, e.g., PC (18:0/20:3) to PC (16:0/18:2) and a minor SM 36:2 to an abundant SM 34:1, were higher (11–36%) in MetS and CHD. The fatty acid composition of certain LPCs and PCs displayed a characteristic pattern in MetS, enriched with palmitic, palmitoleic or oleic acids relative to linoleic acid. Certain PC and SM ratios related consistently to CHD and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Paavola
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ulrich Bergmann
- Protein Analysis Core Facility, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Kuusisto
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sakari Kakko
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 90200 Oulu, Finland
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9
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Savolainen MJ, Karlsson A, Rohkimainen S, Toppila I, Lassenius MI, Falconi CV, Uusi-Rauva K, Elomaa K. The Gaucher earlier diagnosis consensus point-scoring system (GED-C PSS): Evaluation of a prototype in Finnish Gaucher disease patients and feasibility of screening retrospective electronic health record data for the recognition of potential undiagnosed patients in Finland. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 27:100725. [PMID: 33604241 PMCID: PMC7875822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gaucher disease (GD) is a rare inherited multiorgan disorder, yet a diagnosis can be significantly delayed due to a broad spectrum of symptoms and lack of disease awareness. Recently, the prototype of a GD point-scoring system (PSS) was established by the Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus (GED-C) initiative, and more recently, validated in Gaucher patients in UK. In our study, the original GED-C PSS was tested in Finnish GD patients. Furthermore, the feasibility of point scoring large electronic health record (EHR) data set by data mining to identify potential undiagnosed GD cases was evaluated. Methods This biobank study was conducted in collaboration with two Finnish biobanks. Five previously diagnosed Finnish GD patients and ~ 170,000 adult biobank subjects were included in the study. The original PSS was locally adjusted due to data availability issues and applied to the Finnish EHR data representing special health care recordings. Results All GD patients had high levels of the biomarker lyso-Gb1 and deleterious GBA mutations. One patient was a compound heterozygote with a novel variant, potentially pathogenic mutation. Finnish EHR data allowed the retrospective assessment of 27–30 of the 32 original GED-C signs/co-variables. Total point scores of GD patients were high but variable, 6–18.5 points per patient (based on the available data on 28–29 signs/co-variables per patient). All GD patients had been recorded with anaemia while only three patients had a record of splenomegaly. 0.72% of biobank subjects were assigned at least 6 points but none of these potential “GD suspects” had a point score as high as 18.5. Splenomegaly had been recorded for 0.25% of biobank subjects and was associated with variable point score distribution and co-occurring ICD-10 diagnoses. Discussion This study provides an indicative GED-C PSS score range for confirmed GD patients, also representing potential mild cases, and demonstrates the feasibility of scoring Finnish EHR data by data mining in order to screen for undiagnosed GD patients. Further prioritisation of the “GD suspects” with more developed algorithms and data-mining approaches is needed. Funding This study was funded by Shire (now part of Takeda).
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Key Words
- Biobank study
- DBS, dried blood spot
- EHR, Electronic health record
- Electronic health record
- GBA
- GBA1/GBA, β-glucocerebrosidase gene
- GD, Gaucher disease
- GED-C, The Gaucher Earlier Diagnosis Consensus
- Gaucher disease
- Gaucher earlier diagnosis consensus point-scoring system
- GlcCer, β-glucosylceramide
- GlcCerase, β-glucosylceramidase
- GlcSph/Lyso-Gb1, β-glucosylsphingosine
- HDSF, Hospital District of Southwest Finland
- Lyso-Gb1
- NOHD, Northern Ostrobothnia Hospital District
- PSS, Point-scoring system
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antti Karlsson
- Auria Biobank, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, PO Box 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Samppa Rohkimainen
- Biobank Borealis of Northern Finland, PO Box 50, 90029 OYS, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iiro Toppila
- Medaffcon Oy, Tietäjäntie 2, 02130 Espoo, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Kaisa Elomaa
- Takeda Oy, Ilmalantori 1, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Härma MA, Adeshara K, Istomin N, Lehto M, Blaut M, Savolainen MJ, Hörkkö S, Groop PH, Koivukangas V, Hukkanen J. Gastrointestinal manifestations after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:585-594. [PMID: 33246847 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an effective treatment for obesity, which improves cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of premature mortality. However, some reports have suggested that RYGB may predispose patients to adverse health outcomes, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVES The present prospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of RYGB surgery on cardiovascular risk factors and gastrointestinal inflammation in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). SETTING University hospital setting in Finland. METHODS Blood and fecal samples were collected at baseline and 6 months after surgery from 30 individuals, of which 16 had T2D and 14 were nondiabetics. There were also single study visits for 6 healthy reference patients. Changes in cardiovascular risk factors, serum cholesterol, and triglycerides were investigated before and after surgery. Fecal samples were analyzed for calprotectin, anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae immunoglobulin A antibodies (ASCA), active lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity, and methylglyoxal-hydro-imidazolone (MG-H1) protein adducts formation. RESULTS After RYGB, weight decreased on average -21.6% (-27.2 ± 7.8 kg), excess weight loss averaged 51%, and there were improvements in cardiovascular risk factors. Fecal calprotectin levels (P < .001), active LPS concentration (P < .002), ASCA (P < .02), and MG-H1 (P < .02) values increased significantly, whereas fecal SCFAs, especially acetate (P < .002) and butyrate (P < .03) levels, were significantly lowered. CONCLUSION The intestinal homeostasis is altered after RYGB, with several fecal markers suggesting increased inflammation; however, clinical significance of the detected changes is currently uncertain. As chronic inflammation may predispose patients to adverse health effects, our findings may have relevance for the suggested association between RYGB and increased risks of incident IBD and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Anne Härma
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krishna Adeshara
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Natalie Istomin
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Blaut
- Department of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sohvi Hörkkö
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Nordlab, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Abdominal Center, Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine Research Programs, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vesa Koivukangas
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Research Unit of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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11
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Seo YG, Salonurmi T, Jokelainen T, Karppinen P, Teeriniemi AM, Han J, Park KH, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Savolainen MJ. Lifestyle counselling by persuasive information and communications technology reduces prevalence of metabolic syndrome in a dose-response manner: a randomized clinical trial (PrevMetSyn). Ann Med 2020; 52:321-330. [PMID: 32727302 PMCID: PMC7877935 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2020.1783455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate whether lifestyle changes produced by persuasive Information and Communication Technology (ICT) counselling can lower the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A total of 532 participants (20-60 years, body mass index 27-35 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to six arms according to counselling type (no, short-term, or intensive) with or without ICT intervention. In this report the prevalence of MetS and its components were compared between no-ICT group and ICT group. Moreover, the frequency of the web information system usage was analysed for the number of logins, responses to weekly messages, and other record variables. RESULTS The ICT group had significantly lower proportion of MetS (33.7% vs. 45.3%, p = .022) than the no-ICT group at 2-year follow-up. In mixed model, the ICT group had lower prevalence of MetS than no-ICT group (OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.27-0.90) after intervention. The tertile with the highest utilization had 71% lower prevalence of MetS compared with the lowest utilization tertile or the no-ICT group. CONCLUSIONS Web-based ICT is able to reduce the prevalence of MetS. In addition, higher utilization of the web information system is associated with a greater decrease in the prevalence of MetS. Key messages Our internet health behaviour change support system based on persuasive design and cognitive behaviour therapy markedly reduces metabolic syndrome in overweight/obese subjects. As a stand-alone tool it may save healthcare personnel resources as it is suitable at a low cost for both obese/overweight patients and the public at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Center of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Pasi Karppinen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Maria Teeriniemi
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Center of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Junhee Han
- Department of Statistics, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Harri Oinas-Kukkonen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Center of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Hirvonen N, Enwald H, Mayer AK, Korpelainen R, Pyky R, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ, Nengomasha C, Abankwah R, Uutoni W, Niemelä R, Huotari ML. Screening everyday health information literacy among four populations. Health Info Libr J 2020; 37:192-203. [PMID: 32243700 DOI: 10.1111/hir.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People face varying obstacles when interacting with health information in their everyday lives. OBJECTIVES This study aims to examine the applicability of a multidimensional Everyday Health Information Literacy (EHIL) screening tool in detecting people with challenges in accessing, understanding, evaluating and using health information in everyday situations. METHODS Previously collected EHIL screening tool data from Finnish upper secondary school students (n = 217), Finnish young men (n = 1450), Finnish adults with an increased risk for metabolic syndrome (n = 559) and Namibian university students (n = 271) were reanalysed to examine the factorial structure of the tool and to compare the groups. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analyses, calculation of mean factor scores and one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS A three factor structure ('awareness', 'access', 'assessment') for the screening tool was supported based on the Finnish samples. However, the Namibian data did not follow a similar structure. Significant differences in groupwise factor scores were discovered. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the multidimensional EHIL screening tool can be used in pointing out areas where individuals or groups may need support. CONCLUSION The tool may be useful to health information and library services workers when counselling or educating the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hirvonen
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Information Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heidi Enwald
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Information Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, Business and Economics, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Pyky
- Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Cathrine Nengomasha
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Ruth Abankwah
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Wilhelm Uutoni
- Information and Communication Studies, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Raimo Niemelä
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maija-Leena Huotari
- Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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13
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Salonurmi T, Nabil H, Ronkainen J, Hyötyläinen T, Hautajärvi H, Savolainen MJ, Tolonen A, Orešič M, Känsäkoski P, Rysä J, Hakkola J, Hukkanen J. 4 β-Hydroxycholesterol Signals From the Liver to Regulate Peripheral Cholesterol Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:361. [PMID: 32292343 PMCID: PMC7118195 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) elevates circulating 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), an agonist of liver X receptor (LXR). PXR may also regulate 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Our aim was to elucidate the roles of PXR and oxysterols in the regulation of cholesterol transporters. We measured oxysterols in serum of volunteers dosed with PXR agonist rifampicin 600 mg/day versus placebo for a week and analyzed the expression of cholesterol transporters in mononuclear cells. The effect of 4βHC on the transport of cholesterol and the expression of cholesterol transporters was studied in human primary monocyte-derived macrophages and foam cells in vitro. The expression of cholesterol transporters was measured also in rat tissues after dosing with a PXR agonist. The levels of 4βHC were elevated, while 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol remained unchanged in volunteers dosed with rifampicin. The expression of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) was induced in human mononuclear cells in vivo. The influx of cholesterol was repressed by 4βHC, as was the expression of influx transporter lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 in vitro. The cholesterol efflux and the expression of efflux transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 were induced. The expression of inducible degrader of the LDL receptor was induced. In rats, PXR agonist increased circulating 4βHC and expression of LXR targets in peripheral tissues, especially ABCA1 and ABCG1 in heart. In conclusion, PXR activation-elevated 4βHC is a signaling molecule that represses cholesterol influx and induces efflux. The PXR-4βHC-LXR pathway could link the hepatic xenobiotic exposure and the regulation of cholesterol transport in peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuire Salonurmi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Heba Nabil
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Justiina Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | | | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Päivi Känsäkoski
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Rysä
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Hakkola
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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14
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Ulven SM, Holven KB, Rundblad A, Myhrstad MCW, Leder L, Dahlman I, de Mello VD, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Pihlajamäki J, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Kolehmainen M. An Isocaloric Nordic Diet Modulates RELA and TNFRSF1A Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122932. [PMID: 31816875 PMCID: PMC6950764 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and reduced inflammation. To explore this at the molecular level, we investigated the effect of a Nordic diet (ND) on changes in the gene expression profiles of inflammatory and lipid-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MetS. We hypothesized that the intake of an ND compared to a control diet (CD) would alter the expression of inflammatory genes and genes involved in lipid metabolism. The individuals with MetS underwent an 18/24-week randomized intervention to compare a ND with a CD. Eighty-eight participants (66% women) were included in this sub-study of the larger SYSDIET study. Fasting PBMCs were collected before and after the intervention and changes in gene expression levels were measured using TaqMan Array Micro Fluidic Cards. Forty-eight pre-determined inflammatory and lipid related gene transcripts were analyzed. The expression level of the gene tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A (TNFRSF1A) was down-regulated (p = 0.004), whereas the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) subunit, RELAproto-oncogene, was up-regulated (p = 0.016) in the ND group compared to the CD group. In conclusion, intake of an ND in individuals with the MetS may affect immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine M. Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-22840208
| | - Kirsten B. Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
- National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterlemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway; (K.B.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Mari C. W. Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet—Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Lena Leder
- Mills AS, Sofienberggt. 19, 0558 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (L.C.); (B.Å.)
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, and Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60572 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (J.H.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22 Uppsala, Sweden; (F.R.); (U.R.)
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali—The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland; (I.G.); (I.T.)
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 021100 Espoo, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (I.D.); (P.A.)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- School of Medicine, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; (V.D.d.M.); (U.S.); (J.P.); (K.S.P.); (M.U.); (M.K.)
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15
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Ruuth M, Nguyen SD, Vihervaara T, Hilvo M, Laajala TD, Kondadi PK, Gisterå A, Lähteenmäki H, Kittilä T, Huusko J, Uusitupa M, Schwab U, Savolainen MJ, Sinisalo J, Lokki ML, Nieminen MS, Jula A, Perola M, Ylä-Herttula S, Rudel L, Öörni A, Baumann M, Baruch A, Laaksonen R, Ketelhuth DFJ, Aittokallio T, Jauhiainen M, Käkelä R, Borén J, Williams KJ, Kovanen PT, Öörni K. Susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein particles to aggregate depends on particle lipidome, is modifiable, and associates with future cardiovascular deaths. Eur Heart J 2019; 39:2562-2573. [PMID: 29982602 PMCID: PMC6047440 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) through their retention, modification, and accumulation within the arterial intima. High plasma concentrations of LDL drive this disease, but LDL quality may also contribute. Here, we focused on the intrinsic propensity of LDL to aggregate upon modification. We examined whether inter-individual differences in this quality are linked with LDL lipid composition and coronary artery disease (CAD) death, and basic mechanisms for plaque growth and destabilization. Methods and results We developed a novel, reproducible method to assess the susceptibility of LDL particles to aggregate during lipolysis induced ex vivo by human recombinant secretory sphingomyelinase. Among patients with an established CAD, we found that the presence of aggregation-prone LDL was predictive of future cardiovascular deaths, independently of conventional risk factors. Aggregation-prone LDL contained more sphingolipids and less phosphatidylcholines than did aggregation-resistant LDL. Three interventions in animal models to rationally alter LDL composition lowered its susceptibility to aggregate and slowed atherosclerosis. Similar compositional changes induced in humans by PCSK9 inhibition or healthy diet also lowered LDL aggregation susceptibility. Aggregated LDL in vitro activated macrophages and T cells, two key cell types involved in plaque progression and rupture. Conclusion Our results identify the susceptibility of LDL to aggregate as a novel measurable and modifiable factor in the progression of human ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Ruuth
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Su Duy Nguyen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Mika Hilvo
- Zora Biosciences, Biologinkuja 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Pradeep Kumar Kondadi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SU Sahlgrenska, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Lähteenmäki
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Kittilä
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Huusko
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, P.O. Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, P.O. Box 8000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, P.O. Box 8000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Liisa Lokki
- Transplantation Laboratory, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku S Nieminen
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O. Box 340, 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttula
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, P.O. Box 100, 70029 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lawrence Rudel
- Department of Biochemistry Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Anssi Öörni
- Information Systems, Åbo Akademi University, Fänriksgatan 3A, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Marc Baumann
- Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, P.O. Box 63, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amos Baruch
- Genentech Research and Early Development, 1 DNA Way Mailstop 258A, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences, Biologinkuja 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland.,Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, 33100 Tampere, Finland.,Finnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, University Hospital of Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 6, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel F J Ketelhuth
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Solna 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, P.O. Box 20, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Mannerheimintie 166, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit, Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SU Sahlgrenska, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kevin Jon Williams
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SU Sahlgrenska, 41345 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petri T Kovanen
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Öörni
- Atherosclerosis Research Laboratory, Wihuri Research Institute, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.,Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, P.O. Box 65, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Tuomainen M, Kärkkäinen O, Leppänen J, Auriola S, Lehtonen M, Savolainen MJ, Hermansen K, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thorsdottir I, Kolehmainen M, Uusitupa M, Poutanen K, Schwab U, Hanhineva K. Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:1108-1118. [PMID: 31504116 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study. METHODS The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health. RESULTS Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end). CONCLUSIONS Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Tuomainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Kärkkäinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Leppänen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marko Lehtonen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,LC-MS Metabolomics Center, Biocenter Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Medical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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17
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Couto Alves A, De Silva NMG, Karhunen V, Sovio U, Das S, Taal HR, Warrington NM, Lewin AM, Kaakinen M, Cousminer DL, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Bond TA, Lowry E, Brown CD, Estivill X, Lindi V, Bradfield JP, Geller F, Speed D, Coin LJM, Loh M, Barton SJ, Beilin LJ, Bisgaard H, Bønnelykke K, Alili R, Hatoum IJ, Schramm K, Cartwright R, Charles MA, Salerno V, Clément K, Claringbould AAJ, van Duijn CM, Moltchanova E, Eriksson JG, Elks C, Feenstra B, Flexeder C, Franks S, Frayling TM, Freathy RM, Elliott P, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Hattersley AT, Rodriguez A, Banterle M, Heinrich J, Heude B, Holloway JW, Hofman A, Hyppönen E, Inskip H, Kaplan LM, Hedman AK, Läärä E, Prokisch H, Grallert H, Lakka TA, Lawlor DA, Melbye M, Ahluwalia TS, Marinelli M, Millwood IY, Palmer LJ, Pennell CE, Perry JR, Ring SM, Savolainen MJ, Rivadeneira F, Standl M, Sunyer J, Tiesler CMT, Uitterlinden AG, Schierding W, O’Sullivan JM, Prokopenko I, Herzig KH, Smith GD, O'Reilly P, Felix JF, Buxton JL, Blakemore AIF, Ong KK, Jaddoe VWV, Grant SFA, Sebert S, McCarthy MI, Järvelin MR. GWAS on longitudinal growth traits reveals different genetic factors influencing infant, child, and adult BMI. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw3095. [PMID: 31840077 PMCID: PMC6904961 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Early childhood growth patterns are associated with adult health, yet the genetic factors and the developmental stages involved are not fully understood. Here, we combine genome-wide association studies with modeling of longitudinal growth traits to study the genetics of infant and child growth, followed by functional, pathway, genetic correlation, risk score, and colocalization analyses to determine how developmental timings, molecular pathways, and genetic determinants of these traits overlap with those of adult health. We found a robust overlap between the genetics of child and adult body mass index (BMI), with variants associated with adult BMI acting as early as 4 to 6 years old. However, we demonstrated a completely distinct genetic makeup for peak BMI during infancy, influenced by variation at the LEPR/LEPROT locus. These findings suggest that different genetic factors control infant and child BMI. In light of the obesity epidemic, these findings are important to inform the timing and targets of prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexessander Couto Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - N. Maneka G. De Silva
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shikta Das
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - H. Rob Taal
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. Warrington
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra M. Lewin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Diana L. Cousminer
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tom A. Bond
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Estelle Lowry
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Christopher D. Brown
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Genomics and Disease Group, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virpi Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonathan P. Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frank Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Doug Speed
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lachlan J. M. Coin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marie Loh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sheila J. Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lawrence J. Beilin
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, The Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, The Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rohia Alili
- CRNH Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Ida J. Hatoum
- CRNH Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katharina Schramm
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Rufus Cartwright
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marie-Aline Charles
- Inserm, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Vincenzo Salerno
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Karine Clément
- CRNH Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Inserm, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - Annique A. J. Claringbould
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - BIOS Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Disease Group, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- COPSAC, The Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CRNH Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Inserm, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, Paris, France
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
- Human Genetics and Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Public Health and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start—National Science, Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elena Moltchanova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cathy Elks
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bjarke Feenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - Alina Rodriguez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
| | - Marco Banterle
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Heude
- Inserm, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, Paris, France
| | - John W. Holloway
- Human Genetics and Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elina Hyppönen
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hazel Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lee M. Kaplan
- Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Asa K. Hedman
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esa Läärä
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mads Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia
- COPSAC, The Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcella Marinelli
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iona Y. Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig E. Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John R. Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan M. Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Division of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla M. T. Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andre G. Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Justin M. O’Sullivan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start—National Science, Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul O'Reilly
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Janine F. Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica L. Buxton
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
| | - Alexandra I. F. Blakemore
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vincent W. V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Struan F. A. Grant
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC, Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Centre for Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Dr von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol and NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Center, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Genomics and Disease Group, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore, Singapore
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- COPSAC, The Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- CRNH Ile de France, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- Obesity, Metabolism, and Nutrition Institute and Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Inserm, UMR 1153 (CRESS), Paris Descartes University, Villejuif, Paris, France
- University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Genetics, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Imperial College Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK London, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute of Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- School of Psychology, College of Social Science, University of Lincoln Brayford Pool Lincoln, Lincolnshire, UK
- Human Genetics and Medical Genomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia Cancer Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical School, Stanford, CA, USA
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU) at the University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Public Health and Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Division of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter of Oulu, Faculty of Medicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- A Better Start—National Science, Challenge, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, University Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center and Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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18
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Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Dahlman I, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Rundblad A, Carlberg C, Olstad OK, Pihlajamäki J, Holven KB, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Arner P, Uusitupa M, Ulven SM. Healthy Nordic Diet Modulates the Expression of Genes Related to Mitochondrial Function and Immune Response in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome-A SYSDIET Sub-Study. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801405. [PMID: 30964598 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE To explore the effect of a healthy Nordic diet on the global transcriptome profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS AND RESULTS Subjects with metabolic syndrome undergo a 18/24 week randomized intervention study comparing an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet with an average habitual Nordic diet served as control (SYSDIET study). Altogether, 68 participants are included. PBMCs are obtained before and after intervention and total RNA is subjected to global transcriptome analysis. 1302 probe sets are differentially expressed between the diet groups (p-value < 0.05). Twenty-five of these are significantly regulated (FDR q-value < 0.25) and are mainly involved in mitochondrial function, cell growth, and cell adhesion. The list of 1302 regulated probe sets is subjected to functional analyses. Pathways and processes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, immune response, and cell cycle are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. In addition, gene transcripts with common motifs for 42 transcription factors, including NFR1, NFR2, and NF-κB, are downregulated in the healthy Nordic diet group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that benefits of a healthy diet may be mediated by improved mitochondrial function and reduced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Amanda Rundblad
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, 221 00, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Medical Research Center (MRC) and University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 61-701, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, 751 22, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, 101, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, 141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
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19
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Sarkkinen ES, Savolainen MJ, Taurio J, Marvola T, Bruheim I. Prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on safety and tolerability of the krill powder product in overweight subjects with moderately elevated blood pressure. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:287. [PMID: 30572894 PMCID: PMC6302457 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Krill powder is rich in bioactive ingredients such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), phospholipids, protein and astaxanthin. Containing dominantly EPA, it is considered to be effective in lowering lipids, foremost serum triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. Krill-derived protein hydrolysates/peptides may have positive effect on blood pressure and astaxanthin has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, krill powder has a lot of potential in improving lipid and metabolic profile and reinforcing the activity of the antioxidant system. However, randomized clinical trials on krill powder are scarce and systematic data of krill meal on human safety is limited. Some of the earlier studies have reported several, non-serious adverse events, mostly related to gastrointestinal tract, but systematic sufficiently powered study on safety is lacking. The aim of this study was to collect data on safety and tolerability of krill powder in humans and simultaneously gain efficacy data by measuring the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Methods The study was a randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study with 35 overweight subjects with mildly or moderately elevated blood pressure, who took 4 g krill oil powder or 4 g of placebo during an 8-week follow-up period. The study consisted of a pre-screening, screening, day 0 baseline (randomization visit) and three follow-up visits on days 14, 28 and 56. The reported adverse events in the groups were compared as primary endpoint and haematological safety parameters and changes in systolic and diastolic pressure and blood total and lipoprotein lipids were measured as secondary end points. Results There were in total 80 reported adverse events during the follow-up; 50 in placebo and 30 in krill powder group. Gastrointestinal symptoms (flatulence, heartburn and diarrhea) were the most commonly reported among those probably related to the test products. No serious adverse events were reported. The mean value of all measured hematology variables remained within the reference values in all study subject and no significant changes were observed in blood pressure or lipid values. Conclusions The results seem to indicate that using krill powder as a source for EPA and DHA is safe in therapeutic dose and the risk of adverse events, let alone serious ones, is low. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03112083, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi S Sarkkinen
- Food and Nutrition, Oy Medfiles Ltd (CRO), P.O.Box 1450, 70701, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jyrki Taurio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tampere and FinnMedi Oy, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuuli Marvola
- Oy Medfiles Ltd (CRO), P.O.Box 1450, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Inge Bruheim
- Rimfrost AS, Skansekaia 3 C, Ålesund, 6002, Norway
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20
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Teeriniemi AM, Salonurmi T, Jokelainen T, Vähänikkilä H, Alahäivälä T, Karppinen P, Enwald H, Huotari ML, Laitinen J, Oinas-Kukkonen H, Savolainen MJ. A randomized clinical trial of the effectiveness of a Web-based health behaviour change support system and group lifestyle counselling on body weight loss in overweight and obese subjects: 2-year outcomes. J Intern Med 2018; 284:534-545. [PMID: 29974563 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss can prevent and treat obesity-related diseases. However, lost weight is usually regained, returning to the initial or even higher levels in the long term. New counselling methods for maintaining lifestyle changes are urgently needed. OBJECTIVES An information and communication technology-based health behaviour change support system (HBCSS) that utilizes persuasive design and methods of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) was developed with the aim of helping individuals to maintain body weight. The purpose of this study was to assess whether CBT-based group counselling combined with HBCSS or HBCSS alone helps to maintain improved lifestyle changes needed for weight loss compared to self-help guidance or usual care. METHODS A randomized lifestyle intervention for overweight or obese persons (BMI 27-35 kg m-2 and age 20-60 years), recruited from the population registry in the city of Oulu, Finland, was conducted. This study comprised six randomly assigned study arms: CBT-based group counselling (eight sessions led by a nutritionist), self-help guidance-based group counselling (SHG; two sessions led by a nurse) and control, each with or without HCBSS, for 52 weeks. Subjects visited the study centre for anthropometric measurements, blood sample collection and to complete questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months. The main outcome was weight change from baseline to 12 months and from baseline to 24 months. RESULTS Of the 1065 volunteers screened for the study, 532 subjects (51% men) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled. The retention rate was 80% at 12 months and 70% at 24 months. CBT-based counselling with HBCSS produced the largest weight reduction without any significant weight gain during follow-up. The mean weight change in this arm was 4.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), -5.4 to -2.8, P < 0.001) at 12 months and 3.4% (95% CI, -4.8 to -2.0, P < 0.001) at 24 months. HBCSS even without any group counselling reduced the mean weight by 1.6% (95% CI, -2.9 to -0.3, P = 0.015) at 24 months. CONCLUSION The combination of CBT-based group counselling and HBCSS-based weight management is feasible for overweight or obese individuals. Moreover, HBCSS alone could be disseminated to the population at large as an effective means of treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Teeriniemi
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Center for Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - T Salonurmi
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Center for Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Jokelainen
- Unit of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Vähänikkilä
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - T Alahäivälä
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - P Karppinen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - H Enwald
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M-L Huotari
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Information Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Oinas-Kukkonen
- Oulu Advanced Research on Service and Information Systems (OASIS), Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Research Center for Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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21
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Hilvo M, Salonurmi T, Havulinna AS, Kauhanen D, Pedersen ER, Tell GS, Meyer K, Teeriniemi AM, Laatikainen T, Jousilahti P, Savolainen MJ, Nygård O, Salomaa V, Laaksonen R. Ceramide stearic to palmitic acid ratio predicts incident diabetes. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1424-1434. [PMID: 29546476 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Ceramide lipids have a role in the development of insulin resistance, diabetes and risk of cardiovascular disease. Here we investigated four ceramides and their ratios to find the best predictors of incident diabetes. METHODS A validated mass-spectrometric method was applied to measure Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/24:1) from serum or plasma samples. These ceramides were analysed in a population-based risk factor study (FINRISK 2002, n = 8045), in a cohort of participants undergoing elective coronary angiography for suspected stable angina pectoris (Western Norway Coronary Angiography Cohort [WECAC], n = 3344) and in an intervention trial investigating improved methods of lifestyle modification for individuals at high risk of the metabolic syndrome (Prevent Metabolic Syndrome [PrevMetSyn], n = 371). Diabetes risk score models were developed to estimate the 10 year risk of incident diabetes. RESULTS Analysis in FINRISK 2002 showed that the Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/16:0) ceramide ratio was predictive of incident diabetes (HR per SD 2.23, 95% CI 2.05, 2.42), and remained significant after adjustment for several risk factors, including BMI, fasting glucose and HbA1c (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.14, 1.57). The finding was validated in the WECAC study (unadjusted HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.53, 2.14; adjusted HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.16, 1.66). In the intervention trial, the ceramide ratio and diabetes risk scores significantly decreased in individuals who had 5% or more weight loss. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/16:0) ratio is an independent predictive biomarker for incident diabetes, and may be modulated by lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Hilvo
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Biologinkuja 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Grethe S Tell
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Anna-Maria Teeriniemi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Joint Municipal Authority for North Karelia Social and Health services, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ottar Nygård
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reijo Laaksonen
- Zora Biosciences Oy, Biologinkuja 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
- Finnish Clinical Biobank Tampere, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
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22
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Paavola T, Kuusisto S, Jauhiainen M, Kakko S, Kangas-Kontio T, Metso J, Soininen P, Ala-Korpela M, Bloigu R, Hannuksela ML, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Impaired HDL2-mediated cholesterol efflux is associated with metabolic syndrome in families with early onset coronary heart disease and low HDL-cholesterol level. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171993. [PMID: 28207870 PMCID: PMC5313225 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The potential of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) to facilitate cholesterol removal from arterial foam cells is a key function of HDL. We studied whether cholesterol efflux to serum and HDL subfractions is impaired in subjects with early coronary heart disease (CHD) or metabolic syndrome (MetS) in families where a low HDL-cholesterol level (HDL-C) predisposes to early CHD. Methods HDL subfractions were isolated from plasma by sequential ultracentrifugation. THP-1 macrophages loaded with acetyl-LDL were used in the assay of cholesterol efflux to total HDL, HDL2, HDL3 or serum. Results While cholesterol efflux to serum, total HDL and HDL3 was unchanged, the efflux to HDL2 was 14% lower in subjects with MetS than in subjects without MetS (p<0.001). The efflux to HDL2 was associated with components of MetS such as plasma HDL-C (r = 0.76 in men and r = 0.56 in women, p<0.001 for both). The efflux to HDL2 was reduced in men with early CHD (p<0.01) only in conjunction with their low HDL-C. The phospholipid content of HDL2 particles was a major correlate with the efflux to HDL2 (r = 0.70, p<0.001). A low ratio of HDL2 to total HDL was associated with MetS (p<0.001). Conclusion Our results indicate that impaired efflux to HDL2 is a functional feature of the low HDL-C state and MetS in families where these risk factors predispose to early CHD. The efflux to HDL2 related to the phospholipid content of HDL2 particles but the phospholipid content did not account for the impaired efflux in cardiometabolic disease, where a combination of low level and poor quality of HDL2 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Paavola
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Kuusisto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Kakko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tiia Kangas-Kontio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine & Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Risto Bloigu
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna L. Hannuksela
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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23
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Ronkainen J, Mondini E, Cinti F, Cinti S, Sebért S, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Fto-Deficiency Affects the Gene and MicroRNA Expression Involved in Brown Adipogenesis and Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17111851. [PMID: 27827997 PMCID: PMC5133851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the fat mass- and obesity-associated gene Fto are linked to the onset of obesity in humans. The causal role of the FTO protein in obesity is supported by evidence obtained from transgenic mice; however, the underlying molecular pathways pertaining to the role of FTO in obesity have yet to be established. In this study, we investigate the Fto gene in mouse brown adipose tissue and in the browning process of white adipose tissue. We analyze distinct structural and molecular factors in brown and white fat depots of Fto-deficient mice under normal and obesogenic conditions. We report significant alterations in the morphology of adipose tissue depots and the expression of mRNA and microRNA related to brown adipogenesis and metabolism in Fto-deficient mice. Furthermore, we show that high-fat feeding does not attenuate the browning process of Fto-deficient white adipose tissue as observed in wild-type tissue, suggesting a triggering effect of the FTO pathways by the dietary environment.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/pathology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/deficiency
- Alpha-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase FTO/genetics
- Animals
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/genetics
- CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Protein-beta/metabolism
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Obesity/etiology
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Justiina Ronkainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Francesca Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, IT-60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Sylvain Sebért
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90220 Oulu, Finland.
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Kettunen J, Demirkan A, Würtz P, Draisma HHM, Haller T, Rawal R, Vaarhorst A, Kangas AJ, Lyytikäinen LP, Pirinen M, Pool R, Sarin AP, Soininen P, Tukiainen T, Wang Q, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Amin N, Zeller T, Beekman M, Deelen J, van Dijk KW, Esko T, Hottenga JJ, van Leeuwen EM, Lehtimäki T, Mihailov E, Rose RJ, de Craen AJM, Gieger C, Kähönen M, Perola M, Blankenberg S, Savolainen MJ, Verhoeven A, Viikari J, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, Eriksson J, Jula A, Järvelin MR, Kaprio J, Metspalu A, Raitakari O, Salomaa V, Slagboom PE, Waldenberger M, Ripatti S, Ala-Korpela M. Genome-wide study for circulating metabolites identifies 62 loci and reveals novel systemic effects of LPA. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11122. [PMID: 27005778 PMCID: PMC4814583 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 436] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous loci linked with complex
diseases, for which the molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear. Comprehensive
molecular profiling of circulating metabolites captures highly heritable traits,
which can help to uncover metabolic pathophysiology underlying established disease
variants. We conduct an extended genome-wide association study of genetic influences
on 123 circulating metabolic traits quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance
metabolomics from up to 24,925 individuals and identify eight novel loci for amino
acids, pyruvate and fatty acids. The LPA locus link with cardiovascular risk
exemplifies how detailed metabolic profiling may inform underlying aetiology via
extensive associations with very-low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride
metabolism. Genetic fine mapping and Mendelian randomization uncover wide-spread
causal effects of lipoprotein(a) on overall lipoprotein metabolism and we assess
potential pleiotropic consequences of genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) on diverse
morbidities via electronic health-care records. Our findings strengthen the argument
for safe LPA-targeted intervention to reduce cardiovascular risk. Circulating metabolites reflect human health and disease. Here,
Kettunen et al. perform a genome-wide association study on 123 circulating
metabolic traits and identify novel genetic loci influencing systemic metabolism. They
also link new molecular pathways with a known cardiovascular risk factor
Lp(a).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kettunen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Würtz
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Harmen H M Draisma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Vaarhorst
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Antti J Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - René Pool
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Taru Tukiainen
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB 0330, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of general and interventional Cardiology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marian Beekman
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M van Leeuwen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, 1101 E 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Anton J M de Craen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Leiden University Medical Center, Postzone C7-Q, PO Box 9600, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere, University Hospital, PO Box 2000, FIN-33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - Markus Perola
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK e.V.), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.,University Heart Center Hamburg, Clinic of general and interventional Cardiology, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5A, Oulu FI-90220, Finland
| | - Aswin Verhoeven
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, PB 52, 20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, Room 2B-29, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, PL 20, Tukholmankatu 8B, Helsinki 00029, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsingfors Universitet, PB 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Center for Life Course and Systems Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PL 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 20, OYS, Oulu 90029, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30 (Mannerheimintie 166), Helsinki 00300, Finland
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Riia 23b, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku 20521, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, Turku 20521, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Biomedicum 2, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland.,Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, PO Box 41 Mannerheimintie 172, Helsinki 00014, Finland.,Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, Kuopio 70210, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, PO Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland.,Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie 50, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK.,Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
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25
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Leder L, Kolehmainen M, Narverud I, Dahlman I, Myhrstad MCW, de Mello VD, Paananen J, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Cloetens L, Storm MU, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Dragsted LO, Gunnarsdottir I, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U, Åkesson B, Thoresen M, Arner P, Poutanen KS, Uusitupa M, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on gene expression changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to an oral glucose tolerance test in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a SYSDIET sub-study. Genes Nutr 2016; 11:3. [PMID: 27482295 PMCID: PMC4959556 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Diet has a great impact on the risk of developing features of metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We evaluated whether a long-term healthy Nordic diet (ND) can modify the expression of inflammation and lipid metabolism-related genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in individuals with MetS. Methods A Nordic multicenter randomized dietary study included subjects (n = 213) with MetS, randomized to a ND group or a control diet (CD) group applying an isocaloric study protocol. In this sub-study, we included subjects (n = 89) from three Nordic centers: Kuopio (n = 26), Lund (n = 30), and Oulu (n = 33) with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentration ≤10 mg L−1, and baseline body mass index <39 kg m−2. PBMCs were isolated, and the mRNA gene expression analysis was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We analyzed the mRNA expression changes of 44 genes before and after a 2hOGTT at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Results The healthy ND significantly down-regulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin 18 (IL18), and thrombospondin receptor (CD36) mRNA transcripts and significantly up-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARD) mRNA transcript after the 2hOGTT compared to the CD. Conclusions A healthy ND is able to modify the gene expression in PBMCs after a 2hOGTT. However, more studies are needed to clarify the biological and clinical relevance of these findings. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12263-016-0521-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Leder
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Medical Research Centre Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Matilda Ulmius Storm
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ; Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magne Thoresen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ; Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1046, Blindern, 0317 Oslo Norway ; Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Vavuli S, Salonurmi T, Loukovaara S, Nissinen AE, Savolainen MJ, Liinamaa MJ. Elevated Levels of Plasma IgA Autoantibodies against Oxidized LDL Found in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy but Not in Nonproliferative Retinopathy. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:2614153. [PMID: 28090539 PMCID: PMC5206457 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2614153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims. This study investigated the association of autoantibodies binding to oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Methods. Plasma from 229 types 1 and 2 patients with DR including diabetic macular edema (DME) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) was analysed with ELISA-based assay to determine IgA, IgG, and IgM autoantibody levels binding to oxLDL. The controls were 106 diabetic patients without retinopathy (NoDR) and 139 nondiabetic controls (C). Results. PDR group had significantly higher IgA autoantibody levels than DME or NoDR: mean 94.9 (SD 54.7) for PDR, 75.5 (41.8) for DME (p = 0.001), and 76.1 (48.2) for NoDR (p = 0.008). There were no differences in IgG, IgM, or IgA that would be specific for DR or for DME. Type 2 diabetic patients had higher levels of IgA autoantibodies than type 1 diabetic patients (86.0 and 65.5, resp., p = 0.004) and the highest levels in IgA were found in type 2 diabetic patients with PDR (119.1, p > 0.001). Conclusions. IgA autoantibodies were increased in PDR, especially in type 2 diabetes. The high levels of IgA in PDR, and especially in type 2 PDR patients, reflect the inflammatory process and enlighten the role of oxLDL and its autoantibodies in PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Vavuli
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti E. Nissinen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Johanna Liinamaa
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- *M. Johanna Liinamaa:
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27
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Hukkanen J, Rysa J, Makela KA, Herzig KH, Hakkola J, Savolainen MJ. The effect of pregnane X receptor agonists on postprandial incretin hormone secretion in rats and humans. J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 66:831-839. [PMID: 26769831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We recently showed that pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonists cause hyperglycaemia during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rats and healthy volunteers (Rifa-1 study). We now aimed to determine if the secretion of incretin hormones, especially glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), are affected by PXR agonists since these gut-secreted hormones are major regulators of postprandial glucose metabolism. The Rifa-2 study had a one-phase, open-label design. Twelve subjects were given 600 mg of rifampicin a day for a week. OGTT with glucose, insulin, and incretin hormone measurements was performed before and after the rifampicin dosing. Incretins and insulin were analysed in previously collected rat OGTT samples after pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN) or control treatment for 4 days. Rifampicin treatment did not affect glucose, insulin, GLP-1, GIP, glucagon, and peptide YY levels statistically significantly. Incremental AUCs (AUCincr) of glucose and insulin tended to increase (41% increase in glucose AUCincr, P = 0.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference -47, 187; 24% increase in insulin AUCincr, P = 0.084, CI of the difference -110, 1493). Glucagon AUC was increased in women (53% increase, P = 0.028) and decreased in men (19% decrease, P < 0.001) after rifampicin dosing. In combined analysis of human Rifa-1 and Rifa-2 studies, glucose AUCincr was elevated by 63% (P = 0.010) and insulin AUCincr by 37% (P = 0.011). PCN increased rat insulin level at 60 min time point but did not affect incretin and insulin AUCs statistically significantly. In conclusion, PXR agonists do not affect the secretion of incretin hormones. The regulation of glucagon secretion by PXR may be sexually dimorphic in humans. The mechanism of disrupted glucose metabolism induced by PXR activation requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hukkanen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Rysa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K A Makela
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - K-H Herzig
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Hakkola
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M J Savolainen
- Research Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Hukkanen J, Puurunen J, Hyötyläinen T, Savolainen MJ, Ruokonen A, Morin-Papunen L, Orešič M, Piltonen T, Tapanainen JS. The effect of atorvastatin treatment on serum oxysterol concentrations and cytochrome P450 3A4 activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 80:473-9. [PMID: 26095142 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atorvastatin is known to both inhibit and induce the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme in vitro. Some clinical studies indicate that atorvastatin inhibits CYP3A4 but there are no well-controlled longer term studies that could evaluate the inducing effect of atorvastatin. We aimed to determine if atorvastatin induces or inhibits CYP3A4 activity as measured by the 4β-hydroxycholesterol to cholesterol ratio (4βHC : C). METHODS In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6 month study we evaluated the effects of atorvastatin 20 mg day(-1) (n = 15) and placebo (n = 14) on oxysterol concentrations and determined if atorvastatin induces or inhibits CYP3A4 activity as assessed by the 4βHC : C index. The respective 25-hydroxycholesterol and 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol ratios were used as negative controls. RESULTS Treatment with atorvastatin decreased 4βHC and 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol concentrations by 40% and 23%, respectively. The mean 4βHC : C ratio decreased by 13% (0.214 ± 0.04 to 0.182 ± 0.04, P = 0.024, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference -0.0595, -0.00483) in the atorvastatin group while no significant change occurred in the placebo group. The difference in change of 4βHC : C between study arms was statistically significant (atorvastatin -0.032, placebo 0.0055, P = 0.020, 95% CI of the difference -0.069, -0.0067). The ratios of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol to cholesterol did not change. CONCLUSIONS The results establish atorvastatin as an inhibitor of CYP3A4 activity. Furthermore, 4βHC : C is a useful index of CYP3A4 activity, including the conditions with altered cholesterol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hukkanen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo
| | - Johanna Puurunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulo, Finland
| | | | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu.,Biocenter Oulu, Oulu.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo
| | - Aimo Ruokonen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Institute of Diagnostics, University of Oulu, Oulu.,NordLab Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu
| | - Laure Morin-Papunen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulo, Finland
| | | | - Terhi Piltonen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulo, Finland
| | - Juha S Tapanainen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulo.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulo, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Paananen J, Nygren H, Seppänen-Laakso T, Poutanen K, Hyötyläinen T, Risérus U, Savolainen MJ, Hukkanen J, Brader L, Marklund M, Rosqvist F, Hermansen K, Cloetens L, Önning G, Thorsdottir I, Gunnarsdottir I, Åkesson B, Dragsted LO, Uusitupa M, Orešič M. A Healthy Nordic Diet Alters the Plasma Lipidomic Profile in Adults with Features of Metabolic Syndrome in a Multicenter Randomized Dietary Intervention. J Nutr 2015; 146:662-672. [PMID: 26962194 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.220459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A healthy Nordic diet is associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, but the effect on lipidomic profile is not known. OBJECTIVE The aim was to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet affects the fasting plasma lipidomic profile in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Men and women (n = 200) with features of metabolic syndrome [mean age: 55 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 31.6] were randomly assigned to either a healthy Nordic (n = 104) or a control (n = 96) diet for 18 or 24 wk at 6 centers. Of the participants, 156 completed the study with plasma lipidomic measurements. The healthy Nordic diet consisted of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, berries, vegetable oils and margarines, fish, low-fat milk products, and low-fat meat. An average Nordic diet served as the control diet and included low-fiber cereal products, dairy fat-based spreads, regular-fat milk products, and a limited amount of fruits, vegetables, and berries. Lipidomic profiles were measured at baseline, week 12, and the end of the intervention (18 or 24 wk) by using ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The effects of the diets on the lipid variables were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models. Data from centers with 18- or 24-wk duration were also analyzed separately. RESULTS Changes in 21 plasma lipids differed significantly between the groups at week 12 (false discovery rate P < 0.05), including increases in plasmalogens and decreases in ceramides in the healthy Nordic diet group compared with the control group. At the end of the study, changes in lipidomic profiles did not differ between the groups. However, when the intervention lasted 24 wk, changes in 8 plasma lipids that had been identified at 12 wk, including plasmalogens, were sustained. There were no differences in changes in plasma lipids between groups with an intervention of 18 wk. By the dietary biomarker score, adherence to diet did not explain the difference in the results related to the duration of the study. CONCLUSIONS A healthy Nordic diet transiently modified the plasma lipidomic profile, specifically by increasing the concentrations of antioxidative plasmalogens and decreasing insulin resistance-inducing ceramides. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Research Center for Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Önning
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland and Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars Ove Dragsted
- Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matej Orešič
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.,Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and risk of ischemic heart disease. In addition, a low level of HDL-C has been shown to be a risk factor for other diseases not related to atherosclerosis. However, recent studies have not supported a causal effect of HDL-C in the development of atherosclerosis. Furthermore, new drugs markedly elevating HDL-C levels have been disappointing with respect to clinical endpoints. Earlier, most studies have focused almost exclusively on the total HDL-C without regard to the chemical composition or multiple subclasses of HDL particles. Recently, there have been efforts to dissect the HDL fraction into as many well-defined subfractions and individual molecules of HDL particles as possible. On the other hand, the focus is shifting from the structure and composition to the function of HDL particles. Biomarkers and mechanisms that could potentially explain the beneficial characteristics of HDL particles unrelated to their cholesterol content have been sought with sophisticated methods such as proteomics, lipidomics, metabonomics, and function studies including efflux capacity. These new approaches have been used in order to resolve the complex effects of diseases, conditions, environmental factors, and genes in relation to the protective role of HDL but high-throughput methods are still needed for large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku J Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland,
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31
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Äijälä M, Ronkainen J, Huusko T, Malo E, Savolainen ER, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T, Bloigu R, Kesäniemi YA, Ukkola O. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene variant rs9939609 predicts long-term incidence of cardiovascular disease and related death independent of the traditional risk factors. Ann Med 2015; 47:655-63. [PMID: 26555680 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The impact of the rs9939609 FTO variant on cardiovascular events was investigated in the 19-year follow-up of subjects recruited to the OPERA study. RESULTS A total of 212 cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 152 coronary heart disease (CHD) events or deaths occurred during follow-up. The logistic regression analysis revealed that among the AA genotype the incidence of CHD (OR 1.905; 95% CI 1.250-2.903, p = 0.001) and CVD (OR 1.849; 1.265-2.702, p = 0.003) events or death was significantly higher when adjusted for age, sex, and study group. After further adjustment with BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the higher incidence of CHD and CVD events or death among subjects with the AA genotype remained significant (OR 1.895; p = 0.002 and p = 0.004, respectively). In Cox regression analysis, the AA genotype displayed a higher rate of CVD and CHD death when the model was adjusted for sex, age, and study group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.046). FTO rs9939609 AA genotype improved the C-index of the final predictive model from 0.709 to 0.715. In reclassification analyses, the integrated discrimination index was significant 0.011 (p = 0.010). CONCLUSION The AA genotype of FTO rs9939609 seems to be associated with a higher risk of CVD, and this phenomenon seems to be independent of the traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiju Äijälä
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Justiina Ronkainen
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Biocenter Oulu , University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Tuija Huusko
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Biocenter Oulu , University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Elina Malo
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Eeva-Riitta Savolainen
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,c NordLab Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Biocenter Oulu , University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Biocenter Oulu , University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Risto Bloigu
- d Medical Informatics and Statistics Research Group , University of Oulu , Finland
| | - Y Antero Kesäniemi
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Olavi Ukkola
- a Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
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Kolehmainen M, Ulven SM, Paananen J, de Mello V, Schwab U, Carlberg C, Myhrstad M, Pihlajamäki J, Dungner E, Sjölin E, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Landin-Olsson M, Akesson B, Rosqvist F, Hukkanen J, Herzig KH, Dragsted LO, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Uusitupa M, Arner P, Dahlman I. Healthy Nordic diet downregulates the expression of genes involved in inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101:228-39. [PMID: 25527767 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.114.092783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, a healthy Nordic diet (ND) has been shown to have beneficial health effects close to those of Mediterranean diets. OBJECTIVE The objective was to explore whether the ND has an impact on gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and whether changes in gene expression are associated with clinical and biochemical effects. DESIGN Obese adults with features of the metabolic syndrome underwent an 18- to 24-wk randomized intervention study comparing the ND with the control diet (CD) (the SYSDIET study, carried out within Nordic Centre of Excellence of the Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies). The present study included participants from 3 Nordic SYSDIET centers [Kuopio (n = 20), Lund (n = 18), and Oulu (n = 18)] with a maximum weight change of ±4 kg, highly sensitive C-reactive protein concentration <10 mg/L at the beginning and the end of the intervention, and baseline body mass index (in kg/m²) <38. SAT biopsy specimens were obtained before and after the intervention and subjected to global transcriptome analysis with Gene 1.1 ST Arrays (Affymetrix). RESULTS Altogether, 128 genes were differentially expressed in SAT between the ND and CD (nominal P < 0.01; false discovery rate, 25%). These genes were overrepresented in pathways related to immune response (adjusted P = 0.0076), resulting mainly from slightly decreased expression in the ND and increased expression in the CD. Immune-related pathways included leukocyte trafficking and macrophage recruitment (e.g., interferon regulatory factor 1, CD97), adaptive immune response (interleukin32, interleukin 6 receptor), and reactive oxygen species (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1). Interestingly, the regulatory region of the 128 genes was overrepresented for binding sites for the nuclear transcription factor κB. CONCLUSION A healthy Nordic diet reduces inflammatory gene expression in SAT compared with a control diet independently of body weight change in individuals with features of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjukka Kolehmainen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Stine M Ulven
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Jussi Paananen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Vanessa de Mello
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Mari Myhrstad
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Elisabeth Dungner
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Eva Sjölin
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Ingibjörg Gunnarsdottir
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Mona Landin-Olsson
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Björn Akesson
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Lea Brader
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Ulf Risérus
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Peter Arner
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
| | - Ingrid Dahlman
- From the Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (MK, J Paananen, VdM, US, J Pihlajamäki, KSP, and MU) and the Institute of Biomedicine (CC), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Nutrition (US and J Pihlajamäki) and Research Unit (MU), Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; the Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway, and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway (SMU and MM); the Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (ID, PA, ED, and ES); the Unit for Nutrition Research, University of Iceland and Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland (IG and IT); Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden (LC and BÅ); the Departments of Endocrinology (ML-O) and Clinical Nutrition (BÅ), Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; the Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (FR and UR); the Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland (MJS and JH); University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, Department of Human Nutrition, Copenhagen, Denmark (LOD); Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland (K-HH); the Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark (KH and LB); and VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland (KSP)
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Würtz P, Wang Q, Kangas AJ, Richmond RC, Skarp J, Tiainen M, Tynkkynen T, Soininen P, Havulinna AS, Kaakinen M, Viikari JS, Savolainen MJ, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Männistö S, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Laitinen J, Pouta A, Mäntyselkä P, Vanhala M, Elliott P, Pietiläinen KH, Ripatti S, Salomaa V, Raitakari OT, Järvelin MR, Smith GD, Ala-Korpela M. Metabolic signatures of adiposity in young adults: Mendelian randomization analysis and effects of weight change. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001765. [PMID: 25490400 PMCID: PMC4260795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased adiposity is linked with higher risk for cardiometabolic diseases. We aimed to determine to what extent elevated body mass index (BMI) within the normal weight range has causal effects on the detailed systemic metabolite profile in early adulthood. METHODS AND FINDINGS We used Mendelian randomization to estimate causal effects of BMI on 82 metabolic measures in 12,664 adolescents and young adults from four population-based cohorts in Finland (mean age 26 y, range 16-39 y; 51% women; mean ± standard deviation BMI 24 ± 4 kg/m(2)). Circulating metabolites were quantified by high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics and biochemical assays. In cross-sectional analyses, elevated BMI was adversely associated with cardiometabolic risk markers throughout the systemic metabolite profile, including lipoprotein subclasses, fatty acid composition, amino acids, inflammatory markers, and various hormones (p<0.0005 for 68 measures). Metabolite associations with BMI were generally stronger for men than for women (median 136%, interquartile range 125%-183%). A gene score for predisposition to elevated BMI, composed of 32 established genetic correlates, was used as the instrument to assess causality. Causal effects of elevated BMI closely matched observational estimates (correspondence 87% ± 3%; R(2)= 0.89), suggesting causative influences of adiposity on the levels of numerous metabolites (p<0.0005 for 24 measures), including lipoprotein lipid subclasses and particle size, branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and inflammation-related glycoprotein acetyls. Causal analyses of certain metabolites and potential sex differences warrant stronger statistical power. Metabolite changes associated with change in BMI during 6 y of follow-up were examined for 1,488 individuals. Change in BMI was accompanied by widespread metabolite changes, which had an association pattern similar to that of the cross-sectional observations, yet with greater metabolic effects (correspondence 160% ± 2%; R(2) = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Mendelian randomization indicates causal adverse effects of increased adiposity with multiple cardiometabolic risk markers across the metabolite profile in adolescents and young adults within the non-obese weight range. Consistent with the causal influences of adiposity, weight changes were paralleled by extensive metabolic changes, suggesting a broadly modifiable systemic metabolite profile in early adulthood. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Würtz
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (PW); (MAK)
| | - Qin Wang
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Antti J. Kangas
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rebecca C. Richmond
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Joni Skarp
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Tiainen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuulia Tynkkynen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Soininen
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aki S. Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jorma S. Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tanja Zeller
- University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jaana Laitinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pekka Mäntyselkä
- Primary Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mauno Vanhala
- Primary Health Care, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Primary Health Care, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
- Hjelt Institute, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Computational Medicine, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (PW); (MAK)
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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Rosqvist F, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Risérus U, Thorsdottir I. Whole grain rye intake, reflected by a biomarker, is associated with favorable blood lipid outcomes in subjects with the metabolic syndrome--a randomized study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110827. [PMID: 25340768 PMCID: PMC4207773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Few studies have explored the possible plasma cholesterol lowering effects of rye consumption. The aim of this secondary analysis in the SYSDIET study was to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker for whole grain wheat and rye intake, and blood lipid concentrations in a population with metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we analyzed the associations between the AR C17∶0/C21∶0 ratio, a suggested marker of the relative intake of whole grain/bran rye, and blood lipid concentrations. Methods Participants were 30–65 years of age, with body mass index (BMI) 27–40 kg/m2 and had metabolic syndrome. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized either to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n = 93), rich in whole grain rye and wheat, as well as berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products, or a control diet (n = 65) for 18/24 weeks. Associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17∶0/C21∶0 homologue ratio and blood lipids were investigated in pooled (ND + control group) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks adjusted for baseline value for the dependent variable, age, BMI and statin use. Results When adjusted for confounders, total plasma AR at 18/24 weeks was not significantly associated with blood lipids but the AR ratio C17∶0/C21∶0 was inversely associated with LDL cholesterol concentrations (B (95% CI): −0.41 (−0.80 to −0.02)), log LDL/HDL cholesterol ratio (−0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)), log non-HDL cholesterol (−0.20 (−0.37 to −0.03)), log apolipoprotein B (−0.12 (−0.24 to 0.00)) and log triglyceride concentrations (−0.35 (−0.59 to −0.12)). Discussion Increased proportion of whole grain rye, reflected by a biomarker, in the diet is associated with favorable blood lipid outcomes, a relationship that should be further investigated. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00992641
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kally Magnusdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- * E-mail:
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biocenter, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland and Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kaisa Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali -The National University Hospital of Iceland and Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Marklund M, Magnusdottir OK, Rosqvist F, Cloetens L, Landberg R, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Hermansen K, Poutanen KS, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Savolainen MJ, Dragsted LO, Schwab U, Paananen J, Uusitupa M, Åkesson B, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U. A dietary biomarker approach captures compliance and cardiometabolic effects of a healthy Nordic diet in individuals with metabolic syndrome. J Nutr 2014; 144:1642-9. [PMID: 25080537 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.193771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessment of compliance with dietary interventions is necessary to understand the observed magnitude of the health effects of the diet per se. To avoid reporting bias, different dietary biomarkers (DBs) could be used instead of self-reported data. However, few studies investigated a combination of DBs to assess compliance and its influence on cardiometabolic risk factors. The objectives of this study were to use a combination of DBs to assess compliance and to investigate how a healthy Nordic diet (ND) influences cardiometabolic risk factors in participants with high apparent compliance compared with the whole study population. From a recently conducted isocaloric randomized trial, SYSDIET (Systems Biology in Controlled Dietary Interventions and Cohort Studies), in 166 individuals with metabolic syndrome, several DBs were assessed to reflect different key components of the ND: canola oil (serum phospholipid α-linolenic acid), fatty fish [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], vegetables (plasma β-carotene), and whole grains (plasma alkylresorcinols). High-fat dairy intake (expectedly low in the ND) was reflected by serum pentadecanoic acid. All participants with biomarker data (n = 154) were included in the analyses. Biomarkers were combined by using a biomarker rank score (DB score) and principal component analysis (PCA). The DB score was then used to assess compliance. During the intervention, median concentrations of alkylresorcinols, α-linolenic acid, EPA, and DHA were >25% higher in the ND individuals than in the controls (P < 0.05), whereas median concentrations of pentadecanoic acid were 14% higher in controls (P < 0.05). Median DB score was 57% higher in the ND than in controls (P < 0.001) during the intervention, and participants were ranked similarly by DB score and PCA score. Overall, estimates of group difference in cardiometabolic effects generally appeared to be greater among compliant participants than in the whole study population (e.g., estimates of treatment effects on blood pressure and lipoproteins were ∼1.5- to 2-fold greater in the most compliant participants), suggesting that poor compliance attenuated the dietary effects. With adequate consideration of their limitations, DB combinations (e.g., DB score) could be useful for assessing compliance in intervention studies investigating cardiometabolic effects of healthy dietary patterns. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ola K Magnusdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Fredrik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lieselotte Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaisa S Poutanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Medical Research Center Oulu and
| | - Janne Hukkanen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine and
| | - Jussi Paananen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Björn Åkesson
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Inga Thorsdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali, The National University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kaakinen M, Sovio U, Hartikainen AL, Pouta A, Savolainen MJ, Herzig KH, Elliott P, De Stavola B, Läärä E, Järvelin MR. Life course structural equation model of the effects of prenatal and postnatal growth on adult blood pressure. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014; 68:1161-7. [PMID: 25108017 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal and postnatal growth have been associated with adult blood pressure (BP), but findings about the relative importance of growth at different stages of life on BP are inconsistent. METHODS The study population comprised 5198 participants from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with data on birth weight, height and weight measurements until adolescence, systolic and diastolic BP at 31 years and several covariates. Structural equation modelling was used in the analysis. RESULTS Negative direct effects of birth weight on adult systolic BP were observed (standardised regression coefficients: -0.08 (-0.14 to -0.03) in males and -0.04 (-0.09 to 0.01) in females, equalling -1.99 (-3.32 to -0.65) and -1.01 (-2.33 to 0.32) mm Hg/kg, respectively). Immediate postnatal growth was associated with adult BP only indirectly via growth later in life. In contrast, growth from adiposity rebound onwards had large direct, indirect and total effects on adult BP. Current body mass index was the strongest growth-related predictor of adult BP (0.36 (0.30 to 0.41) in males and 0.31 (0.24, 0.37) in females, equalling 1.29 (1.09 to 1.48) and 0.81 (0.63 to 0.99) mm Hg/(kg/m(2)), respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our path analytical approach provides evidence for the importance of both fetal growth and postnatal growth, especially from adiposity rebound onwards, in determining adult BP, together with genetic predisposition and behavioural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Kaakinen
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna-Liisa Hartikainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Institute of Clinical Medicine/Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bianca De Stavola
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Esa Läärä
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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37
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Brader L, Rejnmark L, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Rosqvist F, Cloetens L, Landin-Olsson M, Gunnarsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Herzig KH, Risérus U, Savolainen MJ, Thorsdottir I, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K. Erratum to: Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial (SYSDIET). Eur J Nutr 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Brader L, Rejnmark L, Carlberg C, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Rosqvist F, Cloetens L, Landin-Olsson M, Gunnarsdottir I, Poutanen KS, Herzig KH, Risérus U, Savolainen MJ, Thorsdottir I, Uusitupa M, Hermansen K. Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, [corrected] controlled trial (SYSDIET). Eur J Nutr 2014; 53:1123-34. [PMID: 24570029 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE At northern latitudes, vitamin D is not synthesized endogenously during winter, causing low plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of a healthy Nordic diet based on Nordic nutrition recommendations (NNR) on plasma 25(OH)D and explored its dietary predictors. METHODS In a Nordic multi-centre trial, subjects (n = 213) with metabolic syndrome were randomized to a control or a healthy Nordic diet favouring fish (≥300 g/week, including ≥200 g/week fatty fish), whole-grain products, berries, fruits, vegetables, rapeseed oil and low-fat dairy products. Plasma 25(OH)D and parathyroid hormone were analysed before and after 18- to 24-week intervention. RESULTS At baseline, 45 % had vitamin D inadequacy (<50 nmol/l), whereas 8 % had deficiency (<25 nmol/l). Dietary vitamin D intake was increased by the healthy Nordic diet (P < 0.001). The healthy Nordic and the control diet reduced the prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy by 42 % (P < 0.001) and 19 % (P = 0.002), respectively, without between-group difference (P = 0.142). Compared with control, plasma 25(OH)D (P = 0.208) and parathyroid hormone (P = 0.207) were not altered by the healthy Nordic diet. Predictors for 25(OH)D were intake of vitamin D, eicosapentaenoic acids (EPA), docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), vitamin D supplement, plasma EPA and plasma DHA. Nevertheless, only vitamin D intake and season predicted the 25(OH)D changes. CONCLUSION Consuming a healthy Nordic diet based on NNR increased vitamin D intake but not plasma 25(OH)D concentration. The reason why fish consumption did not improve vitamin D status might be that many fish are farmed and might contain little vitamin D or that frying fish may result in vitamin D extraction. Additional ways to improve vitamin D status in Nordic countries may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, 8000, Århus C, Denmark,
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Haghighi Poodeh S, Alhonen L, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ. Ethanol-induced impairment of polyamine homeostasis--a potential cause of neural tube defect and intrauterine growth restriction in fetal alcohol syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:173-8. [PMID: 24582559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polyamines play a fundamental role during embryogenesis by regulating cell growth and proliferation and by interacting with RNA, DNA and protein. The polyamine pools are regulated by metabolism and uptake from exogenous sources. The use of certain inhibitors of polyamine synthesis causes similar defects to those seen in alcohol exposure e.g. retarded embryo growth and endothelial cell sprouting. METHODS CD-1 mice received two intraperitoneal injections of 3 g/kg ethanol at 4 h intervals 8.75 days post coitum (dpc). The fetal head, trunk, yolk sac and placenta were collected at 9.5 and 12.5 dpc and polyamine concentrations were determined. RESULTS No measurable quantity of polyamines could be detected in the embryo head at 9.5 dpc, 12 h after ethanol exposure. Putrescine was not detectable in the trunk of the embryo at that time, whereas polyamines in yolk sac and placenta were at control level. Polyamine deficiency was associated with slow cell growth, reduction in endothelial cell sprouting, an altered pattern of blood vessel network formation and consequently retarded migration of neural crest cells and growth restriction. DISCUSSION Our results indicate that the polyamine pools in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues are developmentally regulated. Alcohol administration, at the critical stage, perturbs polyamine levels with various patterns, depending on the tissue and its developmental stage. The total absence of polyamines in the embryo head at 9.5 dpc may explain why this stage is so vulnerable to the development of neural tube defect, and growth restriction, the findings previously observed in fetal alcohol syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Haghighi Poodeh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Leena Alhonen
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland; School of Pharmacy, Biocenter Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuire Salonurmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J Savolainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Akesson B, Landin-Olsson M, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U. Plasma alkylresorcinols C17:0/C21:0 ratio, a biomarker of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated to insulin sensitivity: a randomized study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2014; 68:453-8. [PMID: 24549027 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Few studies have used biomarkers of whole-grain intake to study its relation to glucose metabolism. We aimed to investigate the association between plasma alkylresorcinols (AR), a biomarker of whole-grain rye and wheat intake, and glucose metabolism in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). SUBJECTS/METHODS Participants were 30-65 years of age, with body mass index 27-40 kg/m(2) and had MetS without diabetes. Individuals were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomized to a healthy Nordic diet (ND, n=96), rich in whole-grain rye and wheat, or a control diet (n=70), for 18-24 weeks. In addition, associations between total plasma AR concentration and C17:0/C21:0 homolog ratio as an indication of the relative whole-grain rye intake, and glucose metabolism measures from oral glucose tolerance tests were investigated in pooled (ND+control) regression analyses at 18/24 weeks. RESULTS ND did not improve glucose metabolism compared with control diet, but the AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations (P=0.002) and positively associated with the insulin sensitivity indices Matsuda ISI (P=0.026) and disposition index (P=0.022) in pooled analyses at 18/24 weeks, even after adjustment for confounders. The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio was not significantly associated with insulin secretion indices. Total plasma AR concentration was not related to fasting plasma glucose or fasting insulin at 18/24 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The AR C17:0/C21:0 ratio, an indicator of relative whole-grain rye intake, is associated with increased insulin sensitivity in a population with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- O K Magnusdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - R Landberg
- 1] Department of Food Science, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - I Gunnarsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - L Cloetens
- Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - B Akesson
- 1] Biomedical Nutrition, Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden [2] Department of Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Landin-Olsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - F Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D Iggman
- 1] Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden [2] Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - U Schwab
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K-H Herzig
- 1] Department of Physiology and Biocenter of Oulu, Institute of Biomedicine, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland [2] Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M J Savolainen
- 1] Department of Internal Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland [2] Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - L Brader
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - K Hermansen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Kolehmainen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Poutanen
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo and Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Uusitupa
- 1] Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland [2] Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Thorsdottir
- 1] Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland [2] Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - U Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Puurunen J, Piltonen T, Puukka K, Ruokonen A, Savolainen MJ, Bloigu R, Morin-Papunen L, Tapanainen JS. Statin therapy worsens insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:4798-807. [PMID: 24152688 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Statins have been shown to improve hyperandrogenism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, their use has also been associated with impairment of glucose metabolism and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because women with PCOS are prone to disturbances in glucose metabolism, statin therapy could also have negative effects. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to explore the effects of atorvastatin therapy on hormonal and metabolic parameters in women with PCOS. DESIGN AND SETTING We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 6-month follow-up study conducted at Oulu University Hospital, Finland. PATIENTS Women with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) were treated with atorvastatin (20 mg/d, n = 15) or placebo (n = 13) for 6 months. INTERVENTIONS Fasting serum samples were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. Oral and iv glucose tolerance tests were performed at 0 and 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Androgen secretion and glucose metabolism were measured. RESULTS Fasting levels and area under the curve of insulin increased significantly and insulin sensitivity (insulinogenic and Matsuda indexes) decreased during 6 months of atorvastatin therapy. Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate decreased in the atorvastatin group, whereas no change was observed in serum testosterone levels. Levels of C-reactive protein, total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides decreased significantly during statin therapy. CONCLUSIONS Atorvastatin therapy improves chronic inflammation and lipid profile, but it impairs insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS. Because women with PCOS have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, the results suggest that statin therapy should be initiated on the basis of generally accepted criteria and individual risk assessment of cardiovascular disease, and not only because of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Puurunen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital and Helsinki University, P.O. Box 140, 00029 HUS, Finland.
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Jääskeläinen A, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Kaakinen M, Savolainen MJ, Froguel P, Cauchi S, Järvelin MR, Laitinen J. Meal frequencies modify the effect of common genetic variants on body mass index in adolescents of the northern Finland birth cohort 1986. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73802. [PMID: 24040077 PMCID: PMC3769374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that meal frequencies influence the risk of obesity in children and adolescents. It has also been shown that multiple genetic loci predispose to obesity already in youth. However, it is unknown whether meal frequencies could modulate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the risk of obesity. We examined the effect of two meal patterns on weekdays –5 meals including breakfast (regular) and ≤4 meals with or without breakfast (meal skipping) – on the genetic susceptibility to increased body mass index (BMI) in Finnish adolescents. Eight variants representing 8 early-life obesity-susceptibility loci, including FTO and MC4R, were genotyped in 2215 boys and 2449 girls aged 16 years from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated for each individual by summing the number of BMI-increasing alleles across the 8 loci. Weight and height were measured and dietary data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Among meal skippers, the difference in BMI between high-GRS and low-GRS (<8 and ≥8 BMI-increasing alleles) groups was 0.90 (95% CI 0.63,1.17) kg/m2, whereas in regular eaters, this difference was 0.32 (95% CI 0.06,0.57) kg/m2 (pinteraction = 0.003). The effect of each MC4R rs17782313 risk allele on BMI in meal skippers (0.47 [95% CI 0.22,0.73] kg/m2) was nearly three-fold compared with regular eaters (0.18 [95% CI -0.06,0.41] kg/m2) (pinteraction = 0.016). Further, the per-allele effect of the FTO rs1421085 was 0.24 (95% CI 0.05,0.42) kg/m2 in regular eaters and 0.46 (95% CI 0.27,0.66) kg/m2 in meal skippers but the interaction between FTO genotype and meal frequencies on BMI was significant only in boys (pinteraction = 0.015). In summary, the regular five-meal pattern attenuated the increasing effect of common SNPs on BMI in adolescents. Considering the epidemic of obesity in youth, the promotion of regular eating may have substantial public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jääskeläinen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- * E-mail: (AJ); (M-RJ)
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marjukka Kolehmainen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Kaakinen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Markku J. Savolainen
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille II University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Cauchi
- CNRS UMR 8199, Lille Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
- Lille II University, Lille, France
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail: (AJ); (M-RJ)
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Magnusdottir OK, Landberg R, Gunnarsdottir I, Cloetens L, Åkesson B, Önning G, Jonsdottir SE, Rosqvist F, Schwab U, Herzig KH, Savolainen MJ, Brader L, Hermansen K, Kolehmainen M, Poutanen K, Uusitupa M, Thorsdottir I, Risérus U. Plasma alkylresorcinols reflect important whole-grain components of a healthy Nordic diet. J Nutr 2013; 143:1383-90. [PMID: 23843473 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.175588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of dietary intake can be important tools in nutrition research. Our aim was to assess whether plasma alkylresorcinol (AR) and β-carotene concentrations could be used as dietary biomarkers for whole-grain, fruits and vegetables in a healthy Nordic diet (ND). Participants (n = 166), 30-65 y with a body mass index of 27-40 kg/m(2) and two more features of metabolic syndrome (International Diabetes Federation definition, slightly modified), were recruited through six centers in the Nordic countries and randomly assigned to an ND or control diet for 18 or 24 wk, depending on study center. Plasma AR and β-carotene were analyzed and nutrient intake calculated from 4-d food records. Median fiber intake increased in the ND group from 2.5 g/MJ at baseline to 4.1 g/MJ (P < 0.001) at end point (week 18 or 24), and median (IQR) fasting plasma total AR concentration increased from 73 (88) to 106 (108) nmol/L, or 45%, from baseline to end point (P < 0.001). The AR concentration was significantly higher in the ND group (P < 0.001) than in the control group at end point. β-Carotene intake tended to increase in the ND group (P = 0.07), but the plasma β-carotene concentration did not change significantly throughout the study and did not differ between the groups at follow-up. In conclusion, an ND resulted in higher dietary fiber intake and increased plasma total AR concentration compared with the control diet, showing that the total AR concentration might be a valid biomarker for an ND in which whole-grain wheat and rye are important components. No significant difference in plasma β-carotene concentrations was observed between the ND and control groups, suggesting that β-carotene may not be a sensitive enough biomarker of the ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Kally Magnusdottir
- Unit for Nutrition Research, Landspitali, The National University of Iceland, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition and School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Selkälä EM, Kuusisto SM, Salonurmi T, Savolainen MJ, Jauhiainen M, Pirilä PL, Kvist AP, Conzelmann E, Schmitz W, Alexson SE, Kotti TJ, Hiltunen JK, Autio KJ. Metabolic adaptation allows Amacr-deficient mice to remain symptom-free despite low levels of mature bile acids. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2013; 1831:1335-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Uusitupa M, Hermansen K, Savolainen MJ, Schwab U, Kolehmainen M, Brader L, Mortensen LS, Cloetens L, Johansson-Persson A, Onning G, Landin-Olsson M, Herzig KH, Hukkanen J, Rosqvist F, Iggman D, Paananen J, Pulkki KJ, Siloaho M, Dragsted L, Barri T, Overvad K, Bach Knudsen KE, Hedemann MS, Arner P, Dahlman I, Borge GIA, Baardseth P, Ulven SM, Gunnarsdottir I, Jónsdóttir S, Thorsdottir I, Orešič M, Poutanen KS, Risérus U, Akesson B. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and inflammation markers in metabolic syndrome -- a randomized study (SYSDIET). J Intern Med 2013; 274:52-66. [PMID: 23398528 PMCID: PMC3749468 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different healthy food patterns may modify cardiometabolic risk. We investigated the effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, blood pressure and inflammatory markers in people with metabolic syndrome. METHODS We conducted a randomized dietary study lasting for 18-24 weeks in individuals with features of metabolic syndrome (mean age 55 years, BMI 31.6 kg m(-2) , 67% women). Altogether 309 individuals were screened, 200 started the intervention after 4-week run-in period, and 96 (proportion of dropouts 7.9%) and 70 individuals (dropouts 27%) completed the study, in the Healthy diet and Control diet groups, respectively. Healthy diet included whole-grain products, berries, fruits and vegetables, rapeseed oil, three fish meals per week and low-fat dairy products. An average Nordic diet served as a Control diet. Compliance was monitored by repeated 4-day food diaries and fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids. RESULTS Body weight remained stable, and no significant changes were observed in insulin sensitivity or blood pressure. Significant changes between the groups were found in non-HDL cholesterol (-0.18, mmol L(-1) 95% CI -0.35; -0.01, P = 0.04), LDL to HDL cholesterol (-0.15, -0.28; -0.00, P = 0.046) and apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1 ratios (-0.04, -0.07; -0.00, P = 0.025) favouring the Healthy diet. IL-1 Ra increased during the Control diet (difference -84, -133; -37 ng L(-1) , P = 0.00053). Intakes of saturated fats (E%, beta estimate 4.28, 0.02; 8.53, P = 0.049) and magnesium (mg, -0.23, -0.41; -0.05, P = 0.012) were associated with IL-1 Ra. CONCLUSIONS Healthy Nordic diet improved lipid profile and had a beneficial effect on low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Rysä J, Buler M, Savolainen MJ, Ruskoaho H, Hakkola J, Hukkanen J. Pregnane X receptor agonists impair postprandial glucose tolerance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2013; 93:556-63. [PMID: 23588309 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2013.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized, open, placebo-controlled crossover trial to investigate the effects of the pregnane X receptor (PXR) agonist rifampin on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 12 healthy volunteers. The subjects were administered 600 mg rifampin or placebo once daily for 7 days, and OGTT was performed on the eighth day. The mean incremental glucose and insulin areas under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC(incr)) increased by 192% (P = 0.008) and 45% (P = 0.031), respectively. The fasting glucose, insulin, and C-peptide, and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance, were not affected. The glucose AUC(incr) during OGTT was significantly increased in rats after 4-day treatment with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile (PCN), an agonist of the rat PXR. The hepatic level of glucose transporter 2 (Glut2) mRNA was downregulated by PCN. In conclusion, both human and rat PXR agonists elicited postprandial hyperglycemia, suggesting a detrimental role of PXR activation on glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rysä
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Raitakari OT, Mäkinen VP, McQueen MJ, Niemi J, Juonala M, Jauhiainen M, Salomaa V, Hannuksela ML, Savolainen MJ, Kesäniemi YA, Kovanen PT, Sundvall J, Solakivi T, Loo BM, Marniemi J, Hernesniemi J, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Peltonen M, Leiviskä J, Jula A, Anand SS, Miller R, Yusuf S, Viikari JS, Ala-Korpela M. Computationally estimated apolipoproteins B and A1 in predicting cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis 2013; 226:245-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kujala UM, Mäkinen VP, Heinonen I, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Leskinen TH, Rahkila P, Würtz P, Kovanen V, Cheng S, Sipilä S, Hirvensalo M, Telama R, Tammelin T, Savolainen MJ, Pouta A, O'Reilly PF, Mäntyselkä P, Viikari J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Elliott P, Vanhala MJ, Raitakari OT, Järvelin MR, Kaprio J, Kainulainen H, Ala-Korpela M. Long-term leisure-time physical activity and serum metabolome. Circulation 2012; 127:340-8. [PMID: 23258601 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.105551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term physical inactivity seems to cause many health problems. We studied whether persistent physical activity compared with inactivity has a global effect on serum metabolome toward reduced cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen same-sex twin pairs (mean age, 60 years) were selected from a cohort of twin pairs on the basis of their >30-year discordance for physical activity. Persistently (≥5 years) active and inactive groups in 3 population-based cohorts (mean ages, 31-52 years) were also studied (1037 age- and sex-matched pairs). Serum metabolome was quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We used permutation analysis to estimate the significance of the multivariate effect combined across all metabolic measures; univariate effects were estimated by paired testing in twins and in matched pairs in the cohorts, and by meta-analysis over all substudies. Persistent physical activity was associated with the multivariate metabolic profile in the twins (P=0.003), and a similar pattern was observed in all 3 population cohorts with differing mean ages. Isoleucine, α1-acid glycoprotein, and glucose were lower in the physically active than in the inactive individuals (P<0.001 in meta-analysis); serum fatty acid composition was shifted toward a less saturated profile; and lipoprotein subclasses were shifted toward lower very-low-density lipoprotein (P<0.001) and higher large and very large high-density lipoprotein (P<0.001) particle concentrations. The findings persisted after adjustment for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS The numerous differences found between persistently physically active and inactive individuals in the circulating metabolome together indicate better metabolic health in the physically active than in inactive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urho M Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Huusko TJ, Santaniemi M, Kakko S, Taskinen P, Ukkola O, Kesäniemi YA, Savolainen MJ, Salonurmi T. Long telomeres in blood leukocytes are associated with a high risk of ascending aortic aneurysm. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50828. [PMID: 23209831 PMCID: PMC3510165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascending aortic aneurysm is a connective tissue disorder. Even though multiple novel gene mutations have been identified, risk profiling and diagnosis before rupture still represent a challenge. There are studies demonstrating shorter telomere lengths in the blood leukocytes of abdominal aortic aneurysm patients. The aim of this study was to measure whether relative telomere lengths are changed in the blood leukocytes of ascending aortic aneurysm patients. We also studied the expression of telomerase in aortic tissue samples of ascending aortic aneurysms. Relative lengths of leukocyte telomeres were determined from blood samples of patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and compared with healthy controls. Telomerase expression, both at the level of mRNA and protein, was quantified from the aortic tissue samples. Mean relative telomere length was significantly longer in ascending aortic aneurysm blood samples compared with controls (T/S ratio 0.87 vs. 0.61, p<0.001). Expressions of telomerase mRNA and protein were elevated in the aortic aneurysm samples (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Our study reveals a significant difference in the mean length of blood leukocyte telomeres in ascending aortic aneurysm and controls. Furthermore, expression of telomerase, the main compensating factor for telomere loss, is elevated at both the mRNA and protein level in the samples of aneurysmal aorta. Further studies will be needed to confirm if this change in telomere length can serve as a tool for assessing the risk of ascending aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuija J Huusko
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Nissinen AE, Laitinen LM, Kakko S, Helander A, Savolainen MJ, Hörkkö S. Low plasma antibodies specific for phosphatidylethanol in alcohol abusers and patients with alcoholic pancreatitis. Addict Biol 2012; 17:1057-67. [PMID: 21309928 DOI: 10.1111/j.1369-1600.2010.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylethanol (PEth) is a group of alcohol-modified phospholipids present in cell membranes after heavy drinking. Our aim was to demonstrate the presence of human plasma antibodies binding to PEth and to address their specificity and value in detecting subjects engaged in heavy alcohol consumption. Antibodies to PEth were analyzed in plasma from heavy drinkers (n=20), patients with alcoholic pancreatitis (n=58) and control subjects (n=24), using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Heavy drinkers and patients with alcoholic pancreatitis demonstrated significantly lower levels of plasma IgG, IgA and IgM titers to PEth compared with controls (P<0.001). The specificity of the antibodies to PEth was demonstrated with competitive liquid phase immunoassays and flow cytometry. The plasma IgG, but not IgA or IgM, titers to PEth in heavy drinkers correlated with the whole blood PEth concentration determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (r=0.655, P=0.002). Compared with traditional markers for alcohol abuse (aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and mean corpuscular volume), receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a low plasma IgA to PEth had the highest area under the curve (AUC 0.940, P<0.001). In conclusion, plasma IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies binding specifically to PEth were found in subjects of all study groups. Subjects with heavy alcohol consumption showed markedly lower plasma immunoglobulin levels to PEth, potentially making them useful as a biomarker to distinguish heavy from moderate alcohol use.
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