1
|
Tian Z, Shi C, Yang G, Allen JK, Shi Q, Al-Shami A, Olson JW, Smith MG, Chang Q, Kaur J, You J, Lofton TE, Gonzalez MA, Zhang Q, Zha D, Tasian SK, Jain N, Konopleva MY, Heffernan T, Molldrem JJ. Correction: Preclinical development of 1B7/CD3, a novel anti-TSLPR bispecific antibody that targets CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like B-ALL. Leukemia 2024; 38:226. [PMID: 38036631 PMCID: PMC10776386 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Tian
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chunhua Shi
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guojun Yang
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason K Allen
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Shi
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amin Al-Shami
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill Wardell Olson
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda G Smith
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junping You
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy E Lofton
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle A Gonzalez
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DongXing Zha
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Y Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tian Z, Shi C, Yang G, Allen JK, Shi Q, Al-Shami A, Olson JW, Smith MG, Chang Q, Kaur J, You J, Lofton TE, Gonzalez MA, Zhang Q, Zha D, Tasian SK, Jain N, Konopleva MY, Heffernan T, Molldrem JJ. Preclinical development of 1B7/CD3, a novel anti-TSLPR bispecific antibody that targets CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like B-ALL. Leukemia 2023; 37:2006-2016. [PMID: 37634013 PMCID: PMC10539166 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Patients harboring CRLF2-rearranged B-lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) face a 5-year survival rate as low as 20%. While significant gains have been made to position targeted therapies for B-ALL treatment, continued efforts are needed to develop therapeutic options with improved duration of response. Here, first we have demonstrated that patients with CRLF2-rearranged Ph-like ALL harbor elevated thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor (TSLPR) expression, which is comparable with CD19. Then we present and evaluate the anti-tumor characteristics of 1B7/CD3, a novel CD3-redirecting bispecific antibody (BsAb) that co-targets TSLPR. In vitro, 1B7/CD3 exhibits optimal binding to both human and cynomolgus CD3 and TSLPR. Further, 1B7/CD3 was shown to induce potent T cell activation and tumor lytic activity in both cell lines and primary B-ALL patient samples. Using humanized cell- or patient-derived xenograft models, 1B7/CD3 treatment was shown to trigger dose-dependent tumor remission or growth inhibition across donors as well as induce T cell activation and expansion. Pharmacokinetic studies in murine models revealed 1B7/CD3 to exhibit a prolonged half-life. Finally, toxicology studies using cynomolgus monkeys found that the maximum tolerated dose of 1B7/CD3 was ≤1 mg/kg. Overall, our preclinical data provide the framework for the clinical evaluation of 1B7/CD3 in patients with CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL.
Collapse
Grants
- U01 CA232486 NCI NIH HHS
- U01 CA243072 NCI NIH HHS
- AbbVie, Genentech, F. Hoffman LaRoche, Stemline Therapeutics, Collectis, Calithera, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, Forty Seven, Eli Lilly, Ablynx, Agios, Allogene, Precision Biosciences, Daiichi Sankyo, Rafael Pharmaceutical, Novartis
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ze Tian
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Chunhua Shi
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guojun Yang
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason K Allen
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Shi
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amin Al-Shami
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill Wardell Olson
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melinda G Smith
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jasbir Kaur
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junping You
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy E Lofton
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle A Gonzalez
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DongXing Zha
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah K Tasian
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nitin Jain
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marina Y Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy Heffernan
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology (TRACTION), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- ORBIT Platform, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Hematopoietic Biology & Malignancy, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beatty K, Smith MG, Khoury AJ, de Jong J, Ventura L. POSTER ABSTRACTS. Contraception 2021. [PMCID: PMC8421006 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2021.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
4
|
Smith MG, Wusk GC, Nasrini J, Baskin P, Dinges DF, Roma PG, Basner M. Effects of six weeks of chronic sleep restriction with weekend recovery on cognitive performance and wellbeing in high-performing adults. Sleep 2021; 44:6149527. [PMID: 33630069 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic sleep loss is associated with escalating declines in vigilant attention across days of sleep restriction. However, studies exceeding two weeks of chronic sleep loss are scarce, and the cognitive performance outcomes assessed are limited. We assessed the effects of six weeks of chronic sleep restriction on a range of cognitive domains in 15 high-performing individuals (38.5±8.2 years, 6 women) confined to small space in groups of four. Sleep opportunities were limited to 5h on weekdays and 8h on weekends. Individual sleep/wake patterns were recorded with actigraphy. Neurobehavioral performance was assessed in evenings with Cognition, a computerized battery of ten tests assessing a range of cognitive domains. There were some small to moderate effects of increasing sleep debt relative to pre-mission baseline, with decreases in accuracy across cognitive domains (standardized β=0.121, p=0.001), specifically on tests of spatial orientation (β=0.289, p=0.011) and vigilant attention (β=0.688, p<0.001), which were not restored by two nights of weekend recovery sleep. Cognitive and subjective decrements occurred despite occasional daytime napping in breach of study protocol, evening testing around the circadian peak, and access to caffeine before 14:00. Sensorimotor speed, spatial learning and memory, working memory, abstraction and mental flexibility, emotion identification, abstract reasoning, cognitive throughput and risk decision making were not significantly affected by sleep debt. Taken together with modest lower subjective ratings of happiness and healthiness, these findings underline the importance of sufficient sleep, on both an acute and chronic basis, for performance in selected cognitive domains and subjective wellbeing in operationally-relevant environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - G C Wusk
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.,Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center
| | - J Nasrini
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - P Baskin
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center
| | - D F Dinges
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - P G Roma
- Behavioral Health & Performance Laboratory, Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, KBR/NASA Johnson Space Center
| | - M Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Casario K, Howard K, Smith MG, Rocha S, White M, Basner M. 0187 The Effects of Nocturnal Aircraft Noise on Self-Reported Sleep. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Nocturnal traffic noise can fragment sleep through cortical arousals and induce self-reported sleep disturbance. Here we present data gathered around Atlanta International Airport in a pilot field study on the effects of aircraft noise on sleep.
Methods
N=34 subjects participated in a five night in-home study. Every night, subjects recorded noise inside their bedroom, and completed questionnaires the following morning containing items on sleep latency; number of awakenings; sleepiness (Stanford Sleepiness Scale); 11-point scales on sleep quality, tiredness, ease of falling asleep and calmness or restlessness of sleep; and a 5-point scale on sleep disturbance by noise. We analyzed the effect of both the average (LAEq,sleep) and maximum (LAS,max,sleep) aircraft noise level during a subject’s sleep period for each questionnaire outcome in repeated measures multiple regression adjusted for the number of aircraft noise events during sleep, sex, age, and if the window was open or closed.
Results
A total of 165 sleep questionnaires (97.1% of expected) were completed. Self-reported awakenings increased by n=0.051 per decibel (dB) LAS,max,sleep (p<0.001). An increase in LAS,max,sleep was associated with a significant increase in tiredness (0.118/dB, p=0.005). There was a significant effect of sex on tiredness in the LAEq,sleep model, whereby men were less tired than women. There were no significant effects of LAEq,sleep on any questionnaire outcomes.
Conclusion
There was some evidence for adverse effects of aircraft noise on self-reported sleep outcomes. Effects were predominantly found for maximum rather than average noise exposure during the sleep period, stressing the importance of individual noise events for sleep. A larger-scale, adequately powered National Sleep Study will be conducted to better understand the observed effects.
Support
This research was funded by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy through ASCENT, the FAA Center of Excellence for Alternative Jet Fuels and the Environment, project 017 through FAA Award Number 13-C-AJE-UPENN-011 under the supervision of Natalia Sizov. Any opinions, findings, conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the FAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Casario
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K Howard
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M G Smith
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - S Rocha
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M White
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Basner
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Younes M, Kuna ST, Pack AI, Schweitzer PK, Walsh JK, Smith MG, Basner M, Aeschbach D. 0282 Correlation Between Sleep Depth in the Right and Left Cerebral Hemispheres Following Sleep Deprivation, Restriction or Noise Exposure. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Odds-Ratio-Product (ORP) is a highly-validated continuous index of sleep depth (range 0=deep sleep; 2.5=full wakefulness). ORP values fluctuate within this range as sleep state changes between wake and different sleep stages. In healthy non-sleep deprived adults, intra-class correlation coefficient of concurrent right vs. left ORP values (R / L coefficient) is typically >0.80. In a recent study R / L coefficient was markedly reduced in many critically-ill patients and these patients failed to be weaned from mechanical ventilation. Given the high prevalence of sleep loss in such patients we hypothesized that reduction in R/L coefficient might result from sleep loss. This retrospective EEG analysis of data from 3 independent research studies investigated if R / L coefficient decreases in pure models of sleep deprivation, restriction or noise exposure during sleep in healthy subjects.
Methods
Polysomnograms were obtained from three studies: A) 200 subjects who underwent 36 hours of total sleep deprivation; B) 21 subjects who underwent 4 consecutive nights of sleep restriction (5 hrs. / night); C) 72 subjects who were exposed to intermittent traffic noise events with maximum sound pressure levels ranging from 45–65 dB(A) for 10 consecutive nights. For study A, R / L coefficient was calculated from pre- and post-deprivation sleep studies and the two values were compared. For study B, coefficient was calculated at baseline and in each restriction night. For study C, the coefficient was calculated in each of the 10 exposure nights and the slope of the change was calculated.
Results
In study A, the coefficient decreased from 0.82±0.12 at baseline to 0.74±0.16 after sleep deprivation (p < 0.0001). In study B, the coefficient decreased from 0.83±0.11 at baseline to 0.75±0.15 on the 4th restriction night (p < 0.01). In study C, coefficient decreased at a rate of 0.003±0.001 per exposure night (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The correlation between sleep depth in the right and left hemispheres deteriorates following sleep deprivation, restriction or noise-induced sleep fragmentation.
Support
NIH P50 HL060287
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Younes
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, CANADA
| | - S T Kuna
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - A I Pack
- Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - P K Schweitzer
- Sleep Medicine & Research Center, St. Luke’s Hospital,, Chesterfield, MO
| | - J K Walsh
- Sleep Medicine & Research Center, St. Luke’s Hospital,, Chesterfield, MO
| | - M G Smith
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA
| | - M Basner
- Unit for Experimental Psychiatry, Division of Sleep and Chronobiology, Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Aeschbach
- Dept. of Sleep and Human Factors Research, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gammon ST, Pisaneschi F, Bandi ML, Smith MG, Sun Y, Rao Y, Muller F, Wong F, De Groot J, Ackroyd J, Mawlawi O, Davies MA, Vashisht Gopal Y, Di Francesco ME, Marszalek JR, Dewhirst M, Piwnica-Worms D. Mechanism-Specific Pharmacodynamics of a Novel Complex-I Inhibitor Quantified by Imaging Reversal of Consumptive Hypoxia with [ 18F]FAZA PET In Vivo. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121487. [PMID: 31766580 PMCID: PMC6952969 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors lack a well-regulated vascular supply of O2 and often fail to balance O2 supply and demand. Net O2 tension within many tumors may not only depend on O2 delivery but also depend strongly on O2 demand. Thus, tumor O2 consumption rates may influence tumor hypoxia up to true anoxia. Recent reports have shown that many human tumors in vivo depend primarily on oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), not glycolysis, for energy generation, providing a driver for consumptive hypoxia and an exploitable vulnerability. In this regard, IACS-010759 is a novel high affinity inhibitor of OxPhos targeting mitochondrial complex-I that has recently completed a Phase-I clinical trial in leukemia. However, in solid tumors, the effective translation of OxPhos inhibitors requires methods to monitor pharmacodynamics in vivo. Herein, 18F-fluoroazomycin arabinoside ([18F]FAZA), a 2-nitroimidazole-based hypoxia PET imaging agent, was combined with a rigorous test-retest imaging method for non-invasive quantification of the reversal of consumptive hypoxia in vivo as a mechanism-specific pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker of target engagement for IACS-010759. Neither cell death nor loss of perfusion could account for the IACS-010759-induced decrease in [18F]FAZA retention. Notably, in an OxPhos-reliant melanoma tumor, a titration curve using [18F]FAZA PET retention in vivo yielded an IC50 for IACS-010759 (1.4 mg/kg) equivalent to analysis ex vivo. Pilot [18F]FAZA PET scans of a patient with grade IV glioblastoma yielded highly reproducible, high-contrast images of hypoxia in vivo as validated by CA-IX and GLUT-1 IHC ex vivo. Thus, [18F]FAZA PET imaging provided direct evidence for the presence of consumptive hypoxia in vivo, the capacity for targeted reversal of consumptive hypoxia through the inhibition of OxPhos, and a highly-coupled mechanism-specific PD biomarker ready for translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth T. Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Federica Pisaneschi
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Madhavi L. Bandi
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.B.); (M.G.S.); (Y.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Melinda G. Smith
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.B.); (M.G.S.); (Y.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Yuting Sun
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.B.); (M.G.S.); (Y.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Florian Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Franklin Wong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - John De Groot
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX,77030, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Osama Mawlawi
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.A.D.)
| | - Y.N. Vashisht Gopal
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.A.D.)
| | - M. Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Joseph R. Marszalek
- Translational Research to Advance Therapeutics and Innovation in Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (M.L.B.); (M.G.S.); (Y.S.); (J.R.M.)
| | - Mark Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - David Piwnica-Worms
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.T.G.); (F.P.); (Y.R.); (F.M.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-745-0850; Fax: +1-713-745-7540
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Smith MG, Jordan D, Gibson JS, Cobbold RN, Chapman TA, Abraham S, Trott DJ. Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in enteric Escherichia coli communities isolated from finisher pigs in Australia. Aust Vet J 2018; 94:371-6. [PMID: 27671081 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess herd-to-herd variation in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and associated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in faecal commensal Escherichia coli communities isolated from Australian slaughter-age pigs. METHODS Hydrophobic grid-membrane filtration (HGMF) was used to screen populations of E. coli isolated from faecal samples obtained from pigs prior to or at slaughter. Multiplex PCRs were applied to the pooled DNA extracted from the samples to identify specific ARGs. METHODS Pooled faecal samples from 30 finishers, from 72 different Australian pig farms, produced 5003 isolates for screening. HGMF techniques and image analysis were used to confirm E. coli resistance phenotypes to four antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, gentamicin, florfenicol and ceftiofur) using selective agars. Multiplex PCRs were performed on DNA from pooled samples for 35 ARGs associated with seven chemical classes. RESULTS The prevalence of E. coli isolates showing no resistance to any of the drugs was 50.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.8-58.6%). Ceftiofur resistance was very low (1.8%; CI 0.8-3.9%) and no ARGs associated with 3rd-generation cephalosporin resistance were detected. By contrast, ampicillin (29.4%, CI 22.8-37.0%), florfenicol (24.3%, CI 17.8-32.3%) and gentamicin (CI 17.5%, 10.7-27.2%) resistance prevalence varied greatly between farms and associated ARGs were common. The most common combined resistance phenotype was ampicillin-florfenicol. CONCLUSION The use of registered antimicrobials in Australian pigs leads to the enteric commensal populations acquiring associated ARGs. However, despite a high intensity of sampling, ARGs imparting resistance to the critically important 3rd-generation cephalosporins were not detected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - D Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW, Australia
| | - J S Gibson
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia.
| | - R N Cobbold
- The University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - T A Chapman
- Elizabeth MacArthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - S Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia.,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, WA, Australia
| | - D J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Powell DR, Smith MG, Doree DD, Harris AL, Greer J, DaCosta CM, Thompson A, Jeter-Jones S, Xiong W, Carson KG, Goodwin NC, Harrison BA, Rawlins DB, Strobel ED, Gopinathan S, Wilson A, Mseeh F, Zambrowicz B, Ding ZM. LX2761, a Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter 1 Inhibitor Restricted to the Intestine, Improves Glycemic Control in Mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 362:85-97. [PMID: 28442582 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.240820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
LX2761 is a potent sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor restricted to the intestinal lumen after oral administration. Studies presented here evaluated the effect of orally administered LX2761 on glycemic control in preclinical models. In healthy mice and rats treated with LX2761, blood glucose excursions were lower and plasma total glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels higher after an oral glucose challenge; these decreased glucose excursions persisted even when the glucose challenge occurred 15 hours after LX2761 dosing in ad lib-fed mice. Further, treating mice with LX2761 and the dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin synergistically increased active GLP-1 levels, suggesting increased LX2761-mediated release of GLP-1 into the portal circulation. LX2761 also lowered postprandial glucose, fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1C, and increased plasma total GLP-1, during long-term treatment of mice with either early- or late-onset streptozotocin-diabetes; in the late-onset cohort, LX2761 treatment improved survival. Mice and rats treated with LX2761 occasionally had diarrhea; this dose-dependent side effect decreased in severity and frequency over time, and LX2761 doses were identified that decreased postprandial glucose excursions without causing diarrhea. Further, the frequency of LX2761-associated diarrhea was greatly decreased in mice either by gradual dose escalation or by pretreatment with resistant starch 4, which is slowly digested to glucose in the colon, a process that primes the colon for glucose metabolism by selecting for glucose-fermenting bacterial species. These data suggest that clinical trials are warranted to determine if LX2761 doses and dosing strategies exist that provide improved glycemic control combined with adequate gastrointestinal tolerability in people living with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deon D Doree
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Xiong
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alan Wilson
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
| | - Faika Mseeh
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals, Inc., The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jones P, Francesco MED, Molina JM, Protopopova M, Bandi M, Bardenhagen J, Bristow CA, Carroll CL, Feng N, Gay JP, Do MKG, Greer JM, Konopleva M, Kang Z, Liu G, McAfoos T, Morlacchi P, Smith MG, Fnu S, Theroff JP, Draetta G, Draetta G, Toniatti C, Marszalek JR. Abstract PR01: IACS-010759 a novel inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation advancing into first-in-human studies to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.pmccavuln16-pr01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor cells normally depend on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to provide the energy and macromolecule building blocks needed to enable continued tumor cell growth. Genetic or epigenetic inactivation of one of these two redundant pathways represents a metabolic vulnerability that should be susceptible to an inhibitor of the other pathway. We have identified multiple contexts where all or a subset of these tumors demonstrate a dependence on mitochondrial OXPHOS, which represents an exciting therapeutic opportunity.
Through an extensive medicinal chemistry campaign, IACS-10759 was identified as a potent inhibitor of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation. In isolated mitochondria or permeabilized cells, ATP production or oxygen consumption is inhibited at single digit nM concentrations in the presence of malate/glutamate, but not succinate. More directly, IACS-10759 inhibits the conversion of NADH to NAD+ in an immunoprecipitated complex I assay at low nM concentrations. Importantly, IACS-10759 is orally bioavailable with excellent pharmacokinetics properties in preclinical species, and has an overall profile suitable for clinical development.
Our group and others have demonstrated that a variety of tumor types including: AML, plus subsets of lymphoma, breast, melanoma and PDAC are highly dependent on OXPHOS to meet energy and biomass demands. Treatment of multiple cell lines and patient derived xenograft (PDX) models in multiple cancer types with IACS-10759 led to decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR). IACS-10759 treatment also led to a robust decrease in cell viability and often an increase in apoptosis with EC50 values between 1 nM - 50 nM across multiple lines. In multiple PDX models of primary AML IACS-10759 treatment extends the median survival. Efficacy was paralleled by robust modulation of OCR, aspartate, and p-AMPK levels. Additionally, tumor growth inhibition or regression was also observed in cell line and PDX xenograft models of lymphoma, triple negative breast, melanoma and PDAC treated with IACS-10759, indicating that subsets of several non-AML indications are also dependent on OXPHOS. Mechanistically, extensive metabolic profiling revealed that the response to IACS-10759 was associated with induction of a metabolic imbalances that negatively impacted energy homeostasis, amino acid biosynthesis, and NTP production due to reduced conversion of NADH to NAD+ by complex I, decreased ATP production, TCA cycle flux and nucleotide biosynthesis.
As a result of the robust preclinical response in multiple model systems, IACS-10759 has been advanced through IND enabling studies. GLP safety and toxicology have been completed, clinical supplies manufactured, and a Phase I clinical trial in AML will be initiated during the second quarter of 2016.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B35.
Citation Format: Philip Jones, M Emilia Di Francesco, Jennifer M. Molina, Marina Protopopova, Madhavi Bandi, Jennifer Bardenhagen, Christopher A. Bristow, Christopher L. Carroll, Ningping Feng, Jason P. Gay, Mary K. Geck Do, Jennifer M. Greer, Marina Konopleva, Zhijun Kang, Gang Liu, Timothy McAfoos, Pietro Morlacchi, Melinda G. Smith, Sonal Fnu, Jay P. Theroff, Giulio Draetta, Giulio Draetta, Carlo Toniatti, Joseph R. Marszalek. IACS-010759 a novel inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation advancing into first-in-human studies to exploit metabolic vulnerabilities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Targeting the Vulnerabilities of Cancer; May 16-19, 2016; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(1_Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gang Liu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Sonal Fnu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Powell DR, Smith MG, Doree DD, Harris AL, Xiong WW, Mseeh F, Wilson A, Gopinathan S, Diaz D, Goodwin NC, Harrison B, Strobel E, Rawlins DB, Carson K, Zambrowicz B, Ding ZM. LP-925219 maximizes urinary glucose excretion in mice by inhibiting both renal SGLT1 and SGLT2. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00129. [PMID: 26038705 PMCID: PMC4448982 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a new class of oral anti-diabetic agents that improve glycemic control by inhibiting SGLT2-mediated renal glucose reabsorption. Currently available agents increase urinary glucose excretion (UGE) to <50% of maximal values because they do not inhibit SGLT1, which reabsorbs >50% of filtered glucose when SGLT2 is completely inhibited. This led us to test whether LP-925219, a small molecule dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitor, increases UGE to maximal values in wild-type (WT) mice. We first tested LP-925219 inhibition of glucose transport by HEK293 cells expressing SGLT1 or SGLT2, and then characterized LP-925219 pharmacokinetics. We found that LP-925219 was a potent inhibitor of mouse SGLT1 (IC50 = 22.6 nmol/L) and SGLT2 (IC50 = 0.5 nmol/L), and that a 10 mg/kg oral dose was bioavailable (87%) with a long half-life (7 h). We next delivered LP-925219 by oral gavage to WT, SGLT1 knockout (KO), SGLT2 KO, and SGLT1/SGLT2 double KO (DKO) mice and measured their 24-h UGE. We found that, in vehicle-treated mice, DKO UGE was maximal and SGLT2 KO, SGLT1 KO, and WT UGEs were 30%, 2%, and 0.2% of maximal, respectively; we also found that LP-925219 dosed at 60 mg/kg twice daily increased UGE of SGLT1 KO, SGLT2 KO, and WT mice to DKO UGE levels. These findings show that orally available dual SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibitors can maximize 24-h UGE in mammals, and suggest that such agents merit further evaluation for their potential, in diabetic patients, to achieve better glycemic control than is achieved using selective SGLT2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deon D Doree
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | | | - Faika Mseeh
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. The Woodlands, Texas
| | - Alan Wilson
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | - Damaris Diaz
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. The Woodlands, Texas
| | | | | | - Eric Strobel
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | - Ken Carson
- Lexicon Pharmaceuticals Inc. Princeton, New Jersey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perera M, Tsang CS, Distel RJ, Lacy JN, Ohno-Machado L, Ricchiuti V, Samaranayake LP, Smejkal GB, Smith MG, Trachtenberg AJ, Kuo WP. TGF-beta1 interactome: metastasis and beyond. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2010; 7:217-229. [PMID: 20656987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous cytokine transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is one of the most potent metastatic inducers. Functional interactomic mapping using high-throughput proteomic and genomic data provides valuable insights into the regulation of tumor suppressive and metastatic attributes of TGF-beta1. Polarity changes of the TGF-beta1 interactome at a given time contributes to these contrasting effects. Differential expression profiles of pivotal interactomic nodes contribute to these polarity changes. These insights are of immense value in the development of effective cancer therapeutics. Moreover, TGF-beta1 interactomic nodes are useful in discovering novel cancer biomarkers. This review describes an initial version of the TGF-beta1 interactome in relation to tumor progression and metastasis. Thus, this review embodies an important step towards the mapping of comprehensive and individualized TGF-beta1 interactomes that will assist in the development of personalized cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Perera
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Smith MG, Blattner RJ, Heys FM. ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS : TRANSMISSION OF VIRUS TO CHICKENS BY INFECTED MITES DERMANYSSUS GALLINAE AND RESULTING VIREMIA AS SOURCE OF VIRUS FOR INFECTION OF MITES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 86:229-37. [PMID: 19871673 PMCID: PMC2135727 DOI: 10.1084/jem.86.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transmission of the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to normal chickens by the bite of infected mites (Dermanyssus gallinae) has been demonstrated. Both experimentally infected and naturally infected mites were shown to be capable of transferring the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to chickens by bite. Virus is present in the blood of such chickens in small amounts, so that demonstration of viremia was possible only by utilizing chorioallantoic passage in hens' eggs. However, there is sufficient virus present in the blood for uninfected chicken mites to acquire the virus by feeding on chickens in which viremia has resulted from previous bite of infected mites. Thus it has been shown that the arachnid vector Dermanyssus gallinae is capable of transmitting the virus of St. Louis encephalitis to normal chickens by bite and that such chickens can serve as a source of virus for uninfected mites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Pathology and the Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Extensive visceral lesions containing intranuclear inclusions have been produced in mice by intraperitoneal and intracerebral inoculations of the homologous salivary gland virus. Rarely small pancreatic lesions containing inclusions have been encountered 2 weeks after subcutaneous inoculation. Many of the animals injected intraperitoneally died between the 4th and 7th day after inoculation. In spite of the extensive lesions produced in the liver and spleen, the virus could not be transferred with an emulsion of these organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H A McCordock
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Leary JL, Smith MG, Reames HR. INFLUENCE OF AGE ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE TO ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS AND ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF LESIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 75:233-46. [PMID: 19871179 PMCID: PMC2135238 DOI: 10.1084/jem.75.2.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
1. Young mice are more susceptible than older mice to the virus of St. Louis encephalitis inoculated intraperitoneally, but with virus inoculated intracerebrally or intranasally, there is no significant age difference in susceptibility. The greatest change in the resistance to the virus inoculated intraperitoneally occurs between the 2nd and 3rd weeks of life. 2. The distribution of the lesions of St. Louis encephalitis in the C.N.S. of young and of old animals following intraperitoneal inoculation indicates that the virus may reach the brain either by the ascending pathway from the spinal cord or by the olfactory pathway irrespective of the age of the animal. However the ascending pathway is most frequently concerned. 3. The distribution of lesions does not offer evidence that the virus enters the C.N.S. of young animals directly from the blood stream following intraperitoneal inoculation. 4. Although widespread lesions occur earlier in the C.N.S. of young mice than in that of older mice inoculated intraperitoneally with large doses of virus, this fact is not satisfactorily explained by assuming the more rapid increase of the virus in the C.N.S. of young animals, since the latter are not more susceptible to virus inoculated directly into the brain. 5. The observations can be explained by the hypothesis that a greater amount of virus survives and reaches the portals of the C.N.S. in young animals following intraperitoneal inoculation and that this is an important factor in the influence of age on susceptibility to the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L O'Leary
- Department of Anatomy and the Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Smith MG, Jordan D, Chapman TA, Chin JJC, Barton MD, Do TN, Fahy VA, Fairbrother JM, Trott DJ. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene profiles in multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea. Vet Microbiol 2010; 145:299-307. [PMID: 20688440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates (n=117) collected from porcine post-weaning diarrhoea cases in Australia (1999-2005). Isolates were serotyped, antibiogram-phenotyped for 12 antimicrobial agents and genotyped by PCR for 30 plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 22 intestinal and 38 extraintestinal E. coli virulence genes (VGs). Nine serogroups were identified, the most prevalent being O149 (46.2%), O141 (11.2%) and Ont (31.6%). None of the isolates showed resistance to ceftiofur or enrofloxacin and 9.4% were resistant to florfenicol. No corresponding extended-spectrum/AmpC β-lactamase, fluoroquinolone or floR ARGs were detected. An antimicrobial resistance index (ARI) was calculated from the combined data with a weighting for each antimicrobial agent dependent upon its significance to human health. Serogroup O141 isolates had a significantly higher ARI due to an elevated prevalence of aminoglycoside ARGs and possession of more virulence genes (VGs), including ExPEC or EHEC adhesins (bmaE, sfa/focDE, fimH, ihA) in toxin-producing strains that lacked the normally associated F4 and F18 fimbriae. Few associations between ARGs and VGs were apparent, apart from tetC, sfa/focDE and ompT which, for a sub-set of O141 isolates, suggest possible plasmid acquisition from ExPEC. The multi-drug resistant ETEC ARG/VG profiles indicate a high probability of considerable strain and plasmid diversity, reflecting various selection pressures at the individual farm level rather than emergence and lateral spread of MDR resistant/virulent clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jordan D, Chin JJC, Fahy VA, Barton MD, Smith MG, Trott DJ. Antimicrobial use in the Australian pig industry: results of a national survey. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:222-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Smith MG, Dunkow P, Lang DM. Authors' response. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1308/003588405x71199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
20
|
Schneider JS, Anderson DW, Wade TV, Smith MG, Leibrandt P, Zuck L, Lidsky TI. Inhibition of progenitor cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of rats following post-weaning lead exposure. Neurotoxicology 2005; 26:141-5. [PMID: 15527882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2004] [Accepted: 06/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although lead is a potent developmental neurotoxin, the effects of postnatal lead exposure on progenitor cell proliferation in the hippocampus has not been examined. Postnatal day 25 rats were fed a lead containing diet (1500 ppm lead acetate) for 30-35 days and administered bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) during the last 5 days of lead exposure. Animals were killed 24 h after the last BrdU injection. Proliferation of new cells in the subgranular zone and dentate gyrus was significantly decreased in lead-exposed rats compared to control animals that ate a similar diet devoid of lead. These results suggest that postnatal lead exposure can have significant deleterious effects on progenitor cell proliferation and thus the structure and function of the hippocampus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Locust Street, 521 JAH, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
AIM To identify what proportion of patients who, having sustained an initial distal radial fragility fracture and a subsequent femoral neck fracture, had had their osteoporosis addressed in the interval between the two events. PATIENTS AND METHODS The hospital electronic information system was used to identify all patients aged over 50 years treated for a distal radial fracture, in our fracture clinic, between 1995-2000. In addition all patients admitted to our hospital, during the same time period, with a femoral neck fracture were identified. RESULTS A study cohort of 74 patients were identified. The proportion of patients who received investigation of, or treatment for, osteoporosis between their wrist and femoral neck fracture was 8% whereas 84% did not. CONCLUSIONS Current mechanisms for identifying patients with osteoporosis before they sustain a femoral neck fracture are inadequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- South Manchester University Hospital NHS Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Royal Preston Hospital, Sharoe Green Lane, Fulwood, Preston PR2 9HT, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study has demonstrated that ramipril 10 mg/day for 5 years in an at-risk population results in clinically and statistically significant reductions in the occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and revascularization procedures. The likely impact of the intervention in Australia, in terms of the number of potential events avoided and the cost per life-year saved, has previously not been determined. AIMS To assess the clinical and economic impacts of the use of daily ramipril in the Australian at-risk population from the perspective of the public health-care budget. METHODS The clinical benefits were calculated from endpoints used in the trial, which were converted to the 'number needed to treat'. These were then applied to the at-risk population, which was determined nationally from the relevant Australian statistics. The result of this calculation is the potential number of events avoided in Australia. The economic benefits were established by undertaking an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis. The economic model considered the clinical benefits and the costs (and cost offsets) arising from ramipril 10 mg/day therapy for 5 years. Life-years saved was determined by calculating the difference in total years survived between the ramipril and control arms of the study. Net costs divided by life-years saved is the cost per life-year saved, and this is reported in Australian dollars as the incremental cost effectiveness. RESULTS The clinical benefits over a 5-year period were expressed as the number of potential events avoided and comprised approximately: 9188 strokes; 14 658 MI; 14 317 revascularization procedures; and 12,534 cardiovascular-related deaths, nationally. The incremental cost-effectiveness analysis showed the estimated cost per life-year saved to be 17,214 Australia dollars. CONCLUSION The use of ramipril 10 mg/day over a 5-year period in the at-risk Australian population could prevent many thousands of cardiovascular events, including 12,534 cardiovascular-related deaths. The cost per life-year saved compares favourably to other health care interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Aventis Pharma, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nangle DW, Hecker JE, Grover RL, Smith MG. Perspective taking and adolescent sex offenders: From developmental theory to clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1077-7229(03)80010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
25
|
Smith MG, Hashmi R, Elsworth CF. Fracture of an elastic humeral nail. A case report. Acta Orthop Belg 2003; 69:204-5. [PMID: 12769025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of elastic intramedullary nails for the treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus has been associated with few complications. We report a fracture of an elastic Marchetti-Vicenzi nail used to treat a pathological fracture of the humerus. The failure of the intramedullary nail followed low-energy trauma and was presumably the end result of metal fatigue, as the original fracture had only healed after 13 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Royal Oldham Hospital, Oldham, Lancashire, U.K.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Smith MG, Kong AS, Yung MW, Hardman Lea S, Leary G. Lacrimal fossa block: an audit of a minimally invasive regional anaesthetic technique for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci 2001; 26:407-10. [PMID: 11678949 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2273.2001.00493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The lacrimal fossa block (LFB), a new development to provide regional anaesthesia for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy, is reported. Cadaveric study showed that the block needle, inserted as described, made direct contact with the periosteum of the frontal process of the maxilla within the lacrimal fossa. This technique enables both relevant divisions of the trigeminal nerve to be anaesthetized through a single entry site and, as this injection is confined to the anterior part of the orbit, ocular complications are minimized. An audit of 66 patients has shown that this technique, combined with standard intranasal local anaesthesia, provides good intraoperative analgesia, causes minimal diplopia and has a high level of patient acceptability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Pain Management Unit, Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bittner AC, Smith MG, Kennedy RS, Staley CF, Harbeson MM. Automated Portable Test (APT) System: overview and prospects. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput 2001; 17:217-21. [PMID: 11540859 DOI: 10.3758/bf03214386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Automated Portable Test (APT) System is a notebook-sized, computer-based, human-performance and subjective-status assessment system. It is now being used in a wide range of environmental studies (e.g., simulator aftereffects, flight tests, drug effects, and hypoxia). Three questionnaires and 15 performance tests have been implemented, and the adaptation of 30 more tests is underway or is planned. The APT System is easily transportable, is inexpensive, and has the breadth of expansion options required for field and laboratory applications. The APT System is a powerful and expandable tool for human assessment in remote and unusual environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Bittner
- Naval Biodynamics Laboratory, New Orleans, Lousiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Malouf AJ, Hamrick-Turner JE, Doherty MC, Dhillon GS, Iyer RV, Smith MG. Implementation of the STOP protocol for Stroke Prevention in Sickle Cell Anemia by using duplex power Doppler imaging. Radiology 2001; 219:359-65. [PMID: 11323457 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.219.2.r01ap33359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the results of the nonduplex ultrasonography (US) Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP) with those of transcranial duplex power Doppler US by using the STOP protocol and to correlate abnormal transcranial Doppler findings with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR angiographic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred twenty-five asymptomatic patients aged 2-16 years with sickle cell anemia or sickle cell-beta thalassemia were examined by using transcranial duplex power Doppler US with a 2.5-MHz transducer and classified according to STOP criteria. The results were compared with those obtained in the nonduplex STOP study. Eight of 10 patients with abnormal results, as well as one who had normal results and a subsequent stroke, were examined with MR imaging and MR angiography. RESULTS Ten (8.0%) patients were judged to have abnormal findings by using the duplex Doppler US and STOP criteria compared with 9.4% of patients in the nonduplex US STOP study. Of the eight patients with abnormal transcranial Doppler US results who underwent MR imaging and MR angiography, six had abnormal MR imaging findings and all eight had abnormal MR angiographic findings. CONCLUSION The STOP protocol can be reproduced by using duplex power Doppler US. Abnormal results with the STOP criteria strongly suggest vascular abnormality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Malouf
- Department of Radiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Actin patches are core components of the yeast actin cytoskeleton that undergo redistribution during establishment of cell polarity. Using 4D imaging, we observe the life cycle of actin patches in living yeast for the first time. We observe assembly of actin patches at sites of polarized growth, and disassembly of actin patches concomitant with movement away from those sites. The total lifetime of an actin patch is 10.9+/-4.2 seconds. These findings indicate that actin patches are labile structures, and that the localization of actin patches during establishment of cell polarity occurs by assembly of these structures at sites of polarized cell surface growth. These findings were confirmed and extended by analysis of myosin I proteins and their receptor, verprolin, proteins implicated in actin assembly in yeast. Deletion of type I myosins or their receptor has no effect on the velocity of actin patch movement. However, these mutants show a 65% reduction in number of patch movements and a three-fold increase in patch lifetime. Finally, the actin patch resident proteins Abp1p, fimbrin, and Arp2p show normal association with actin patches in myosin I and verprolin mutants. However, cofilin accumulates in abnormal ‘bars’ of G-actin in myo3(Δ),myo5(Δ) and vrp1(Δ) strains, and Las17p/Bee1p is not associated with actin patches in vrp1(Δ) strains. These findings imply a multi-step process for actin patch assembly. Early events in this process, including assembly of Abp1p, fimbrin and Arp2p with F-actin, can occur throughout the cell and do not require myosin I proteins or their receptor. Later events in this process are myosin I-dependent, and are required for assembly of actin patches at sites of polarized cell surface growth. http://www.biologists.com/JCS/movies/jcs1990.html
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Finch LA, Nowicki MJ, Mitchell TE, Smith MG, Shenefelt RE, Subramony C. Clinical quiz. Abetalipoproteinemia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001; 32:310, 315. [PMID: 11345181 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200103000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Finch
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, The Blair E. Batson Hospital for Children, Jackson, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Ackers ML, Schoenfeld S, Markman J, Smith MG, Nicholson MA, DeWitt W, Cameron DN, Griffin PM, Slutsker L. An outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections associated with pasteurized milk. J Infect Dis 2000; 181:1834-7. [PMID: 10823796 DOI: 10.1086/315436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In October 1995, an outbreak of Yersinia enterocolitica O:8 infections occurred in the Upper Valley of Vermont and New Hampshire. Ten patients were identified, median age 9 years (range, 6 months-44 years). Three patients were hospitalized; 1 underwent an appendectomy. Consumption of bottled pasteurized milk from a local dairy was associated with illness (matched odds ratio undefined; lower 95% confidence interval, 1.9). No deficiencies in pasteurization procedures or equipment were detected. Y. enterocolitica O:8 was isolated from 1 raw-milk sample and from a fecal sample from 1 dairy pig. The route of contamination was not determined; this outbreak likely resulted from postpasteurization contamination of milk. Dairy pigs were the most likely source of contamination. Milk bottles were likely contaminated by rinsing with untreated well water prior to filling or by other environmental routes. Educating dairy owners about Y. enterocolitica and postpasteurization contamination is necessary to prevent further outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M L Ackers
- Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
CONTEXT The risk of transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in day care centers and schools is low. OBJECTIVE To investigate the source of HBV transmission for an elementary school teacher with acute hepatitis B. DESIGN Serologic survey for HBV infection among elementary school students, school staff, and household members of an HBV-infected teacher and student. SETTING General community and elementary school. PATIENTS Elementary school students and staff members and household members of an HBV-infected teacher. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Elementary school students, school staff, and household members of an HBV-infected teacher were tested for markers of HBV infection. Samples positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were tested for HBsAg subtype using monoclonal antibodies and examined for HBV DNA homology by polymerase chain reaction techniques. RESULTS An HBV-infected student and the teacher were found to have the same HBV subtype (ayw1-2) and to have identical HBV DNA sequences. The teacher reported none of the usual risk factors for acquiring HBV infection, and none of her family members had been infected prior to her illness. The specific means of HBV transmission from student to teacher was not identified. Of 108 total children in the same grade as the HBV-infected student, 102 (94%) were tested for serologic markers of HBV infection, and none was positive. CONCLUSIONS This investigation documented transmission from an HBV-infected student to a teacher in an elementary school setting without a reported overt percutaneous or permucosal exposure to blood or infectious body fluids. Transmission of HBV to other students or staff members in the school was not observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Williams
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Gama
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, England
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Fetterman BA, Kim BS, Margolin BH, Schildcrout JS, Smith MG, Wagner SM, Zeiger E. Predicting rodent carcinogenicity from mutagenic potency measured in the Ames Salmonella assay. Environ Mol Mutagen 1997; 29:312-322. [PMID: 9142175 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2280(1997)29:3<312::aid-em12>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Many in vitro tests have been developed to identify chemicals that can damage cellular DNA or cause mutations, and secondarily to identify potential carcinogens. The test receiving by far the most use and attention has been the Salmonella (SAL) mutagenesis test developed by Ames and colleagues [(1973): Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 70:2281-2285; (1975): Mutat Res 31:347-364], because of its initial promise of high qualitative (YES/NO) predictivity for cancer in rodents and, by extension, in humans. In addition to the initial reports of high qualitative predictivity, there was also an early report by Meselson and Russell [in Hiatt HH et al (1977): "Origins of Human Cancer, Book C: Human Risk Assessment," pp 1473-1481] of a quantitative relationship between mutagenic potency measured in SAL and carcinogenic potency measured in rodents, for a small number of chemicals. However, other reports using larger numbers of chemicals have found only very weak correlations. The primary purpose of this study was to determine whether mutagenic potency, as measured in a number of different ways, could be used to improve predictivity of carcinogenicity, either qualitatively or quantitatively. To this end, eight measures of SAL mutagenic potency were used. This study firmly establishes that the predictive relationship between mutagenic potency in SAL and rodent carcinogenicity is, at best, weak. When predicting qualitative carcinogenicity, only qualitative mutagenicity is useful; none of the quantitative measures of potency considered improves the carcinogenicity prediction. In fact, when qualitative mutagenicity is forced out of the model, the quantitative measures are still not predictive of carcinogenicity. When predicting quantitative carcinogenicity, several possible methods were considered for summarizing potency over all experiments; however, in all cases, the relationship between mutagenic potency predictors and quantitative carcinogenicity is very weak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Fetterman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the rabies exposure and treatment that at least 665 persons in Concord, NH, received as a result of one proven rabid pet-store kitten in October 1994. METHODS All treatment recipients were interviewed by person or phone. RESULTS The median age of the treatment recipients was 14 years; 58% were female. The most common exposures were low risk (e.g., picking up, petting, nuzzling, or being scratched by a potentially rabid kitten). Local reactions to vaccine or immune globulin were reported by 76.5% of recipients, while 48.8% reported at least one systemic reaction. Cost for the biologicals was estimated at more than $1.1 million. CONCLUSIONS Because of the inadequacy of pet store records, the inconsistent application of treatment guidelines, and other factors, many people received postexposure treatment as a result of contacts that were unlikely to transmit rabies. The rates of local and systemic adverse reactions experienced were consistent with previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Noah
- Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Smith MG, Driver IK. Peribulbar anaesthesia using the immobile needle technique. Anaesthesia 1995; 50:915. [PMID: 7485895 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1995.tb05872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
41
|
Smith MG, Simon VR, O'Sullivan H, Pon LA. Organelle-cytoskeletal interactions: actin mutations inhibit meiosis-dependent mitochondrial rearrangement in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 1995; 6:1381-96. [PMID: 8573793 PMCID: PMC301294 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.6.10.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
During early stages of meiosis I, yeast mitochondria fuse to form a single continuous thread. Thereafter, portions of the mitochondrial thread are equally distributed to daughter cells. Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and a membrane potential sensing dye, mitochondria are resolved as small particles at the cell periphery in pre-meiotic, living yeast. These organelles display low levels of movement. During meiosis I, we observed a threefold increase in mitochondrial motility. Mitochondrial movements were linear, occurred at a maximum velocity of 25 +/- 6.7 nm/s, and resulted in organelle collision and fusion to form elongated tubular structures. Mitochondria do not co-localize with microtubules. Destabilization of microtubules by nocodazole treatment has no significant effect on the rate and extent of thread formation. In contrast, yeast bearing temperature-sensitive mutations in the actin-encoding ACT1 gene (act1-3 and act1-133) exhibit abnormal mitochondrial aggregation, fragmentation, and enlargement as well as loss of mitochondrial motility. In act1-3 cells, mitochondrial defects and actin delocalization occur only at restrictive temperatures. The act1-133 mutation, which perturbs the myosin-binding site of actin without significantly affecting actin cytoskeletal structure in meiotic yeast, results in mitochondrial morphology and motility defects at restrictive and permissive temperatures. These studies support a role for the actin cytoskeleton in the control of mitochondrial position and movements in meiotic yeast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Clark DB, Bukstein OG, Smith MG, Kaczynski NA, Mezzich AC, Donovan JE. Identifying anxiety disorders in adolescents hospitalized for alcohol abuse or dependence. Psychiatr Serv 1995; 46:618-20. [PMID: 7641008 DOI: 10.1176/ps.46.6.618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In structured clinical interviews of 43 adolescents hospitalized for alcohol abuse or dependence, 17 subjects met criteria for an anxiety disorder, with social phobia (N = 9) and posttraumatic stress disorder (N = 7) most common. Of these 17 subjects, only four were identified in hospital records as having an anxiety disorder. In a comparison of 30 hospitalized adolescents with a matched control group of 30 adolescents from the community, the hospitalized adolescents had a higher rate of anxiety disorders, psychoactive substance use disorders, disruptive behavior disorders, and mood disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Clark
- Pittsburgh Adolescent Alcohol Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Neumeier JJ, Hundley MF, Smith MG, Thompson JD, Allgeier C, Xie H, Yelon W, Kim JS. Magnetic, thermal, transport, and structural properties of Sr2RuO4+ delta : Enhanced charge-carrier mass in a nearly metallic oxide. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1994; 50:17910-17916. [PMID: 9976224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.50.17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
|
44
|
Abstract
This study compared 50 patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic with a complaint of dizziness and 50 patients presenting with hearing loss on questionnaire measures of panic, phobic avoidance, generalized anxiety, and depression. Clinical and laboratory evaluations of vestibular and audiological complaints were also completed. Twenty percent of the group with dizziness and none of the group with hearing loss reported symptoms that met DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder. Patients with dizziness and peripheral vestibulopathy had more symptoms of phobic avoidance, generalized anxiety, and depression than patients with confirmed hearing loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Clark
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Presbyterian University Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Sedimentation assays were used to demonstrate and characterize binding of isolated yeast mitochondria to phalloidin-stabilized yeast F-actin. These actin-mitochondrial interactions are ATP sensitive, saturable, reversible, and do not depend upon mitochondrial membrane potential. Protease digestion of mitochondrial outer membrane proteins or saturation of myosin-binding sites on F-actin with the S1 subfragment of skeletal myosin block binding. These observations indicate that a protein (or proteins) on the mitochondrial surface mediates ATP-sensitive, reversible binding of mitochondria to the lateral surface of microfilaments. Actin copurifies with mitochondria during subcellular fractionation and is released from the organelle upon treatment with ATP. Thus, actin-mitochondrial interactions resembling those observed in vitro may also exist in intact yeast cells. Finally, a yeast mutant bearing a temperature-sensitive mutation in the actin-encoding ACT1 gene (act1-3) displays temperature-dependent defects in transfer of mitochondria from mother cells to newly developed buds during yeast cell mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D A Lazzarino
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Shelling AN, Smith MG. Targeted integration of transfected and infected adeno-associated virus vectors containing the neomycin resistance gene. Gene Ther 1994; 1:165-9. [PMID: 7584077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Human adeno-associated virus (AAV) integrates specifically into a site (AAVS1) on chromosome 19q13.3-qter. We report that both transfected and infected AAV-vectors will target a foreign gene preferentially to AAVS1. Of 11 infected cell lines studied, nine (82%) showed integration of the neomycin resistance marker into AAVS1, which confirms the findings of previous investigations. We also show site-specific integration (nine out of 12 cell lines, 75%) following transfection of an AAV vector containing the neomycin gene. The ability of transfected AAV sequences to preferentially target and express selectable genes at a known site in the human genome extends the potential use of AAV as a vector in gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Shelling
- Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
The weaver mutation in the mouse is a developmental disorder characterized by cerebellar atrophy as well as decreased numbers of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons and a striatal dopamine loss. Since the nigrostriatal dopamine loss occurs postnatally, the present study was performed to determine whether early intervention with GM1 ganglioside could alter the extent of this dopamine loss. Weaver mice that received injections of GM1 ganglioside (30 mg/kg) daily, beginning at 7-10 days of age, had significantly higher striatal dopamine levels and significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase-positive substantia nigra pars compacta neurons than weaver mice that received only daily saline injections. These results show that GM1 treatment can alter at least some aspects of this inherited developmental disorder. If the weaver defect is related to a deprivation of trophic support for certain midbrain dopaminergic neurons, the presence of GM1 may be able to enhance the survival of these neurons.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/analogs & derivatives
- 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine/pharmacology
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
- Animals
- Dopamine/physiology
- Dopamine Agents/pharmacology
- Female
- G(M1) Ganglioside/pharmacology
- Heterozygote
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Neurologic Mutants
- Neostriatum/cytology
- Neostriatum/enzymology
- Neostriatum/physiology
- Neural Pathways/cytology
- Neural Pathways/physiology
- Neurons/enzymology
- Substantia Nigra/cytology
- Substantia Nigra/enzymology
- Substantia Nigra/physiology
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Schneider
- Department of Neurology, Hahnemann University, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Margolin BH, Kim BS, Smith MG, Fetterman BA, Piegorsch WW, Zeiger E. Some comments on potency measures in mutagenicity research. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102 Suppl 1:91-94. [PMID: 8187732 PMCID: PMC1566913 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.94102s191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this article, the measurement of the potency of a chemical or mixture from its dose response in a particular assay is addressed. Attention is focused on data from the Ames Salmonella assay. Three measures of potency are explored and shown to be highly correlated. The presentation then discusses specific areas of research that might benefit from a study of potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Margolin
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 27599-7400
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Smith MG, Fulcher M, Shanklin J, Tillett ED. The prevalence of congenital cervical spinal stenosis in 262 college and high school football players. J Ky Med Assoc 1993; 91:273-5. [PMID: 8371041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pavlov's ratio is a commonly utilized method for evaluating athletes for cervical stenosis. We evaluated the lateral cervical spine film and determined Pavlov's ratio for 262 college and high school football players. Twenty (7.6%) of these athletes had radiographic evidence of congenital cervical stenosis according to this method. The condition may be more common than expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M G Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, KY 40292
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|