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Shi D, Liu J, Tong H, Fu K, Salam M, Huang J, Xu S, Wen X, Xie H, Wang P, Cai H, Luo D. Enhancement of catalytic detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration via magnetic hydroxyapatite-assisted hydrothermal treatment. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170467. [PMID: 38290685 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The emission of carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) of fly ash (FA) has attracted significant attention. Hydrothermal treatment (HT) has emerged as a practical approach for degrading PAHs during MSWI of FA by utilizing magnetite (Fe3O4) as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidizing agent. In this study, as an alternative to traditional hydroxyapatite (HAP), eggshell-derived magnetic hydroxyapatite (MHAP) was synthesized and applied in the hydrothermal catalytic degradation of PAHs in MSWI FA in an H2O2 system for the first time. The degradation efficiency of the PAHs is influenced not only by H2O2 but also by the choice of hydroxyapatite. Adding HAP or MHAP during hydrothermal treatment with H2O2 substantially reduced the overall PAH concentration and toxicity equivalent quantity (TEQ), superior to that without H2O2. MHAP demonstrated superior catalytic activity compared to HAP in the presence of H2O2 in the hydrothermal system. The hydrothermal detoxification of the PAHs increased with increasing MHAP dosage. By employing 0.5 mol/L H2O2 as the oxidant and 15 wt% MHAP as the catalyst, a total PAH degradation rate of 88.9 % was achieved, with a remarkable TEQ degradation rate of 98.3 %. Notably, the level of 4-6-ring PAHs, particularly benzo(a) pyrene (BaP) and dibenz(a,h)anthracene (DahA), with a TEQ of 1.0, was significantly reduced (by 69.4 % and 46.0 %, respectively). MHAP remained stable during the hydrothermal catalytic process, whereas H2O2 was effectively activated by MHAP and decomposed to produce strongly oxidizing hydroxyl (•OH) under hydrothermal conditions. •OH produced from the decomposition of H2O2 and metals on the surface of MHAP act as catalytically active centers, efficiently converting high-ring PAHs to low-ring PAHs. These findings provide valuable insights and a technological foundation for PAH detoxification in MSWI FA via hydrothermal catalytic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Haihang Tong
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xianyi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Pan Wang
- Chongqing Water Resources and Electric Engineering College, Chongqing 402160, PR China.
| | - Huayi Cai
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Mao Y, Ye K, Yang S, Salam M, Yu W, He Q, He R, Li H. Repeated Exposure Enhanced Toxicity of Clarithromycin on Microcystis aeruginosa Versus Single Exposure through Photosynthesis, Oxidative Stress, and Energy Metabolism Shift. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4070-4082. [PMID: 38390827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotics are being increasingly detected in aquatic environments, and their potential ecological risk is of great concern. However, most antibiotic toxicity studies involve single-exposure experiments. Herein, we studied the effects and mechanisms of repeated versus single clarithromycin (CLA) exposure on Microcystis aeruginosa. The 96 h effective concentration of CLA was 13.37 μg/L upon single exposure but it reduced to 6.90 μg/L upon repeated exposure. Single-exposure CLA inhibited algal photosynthesis by disrupting energy absorption, dissipation and trapping, reaction center activation, and electron transport, thereby inducing oxidative stress and ultrastructural damage. In addition, CLA upregulated glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Repeated exposure caused stronger inhibition of algal growth via altering photosynthetic pigments, reaction center subunits biosynthesis, and electron transport, thereby inducing more substantial oxidative damage. Furthermore, repeated exposure reduced carbohydrate utilization by blocking the pentose phosphate pathway, consequently altering the characteristics of extracellular polymeric substances and eventually impairing the defense mechanisms of M. aeruginosa. Risk quotients calculated from repeated exposure were higher than 1, indicating significant ecological risks. This study elucidated the strong influence of repeated antibiotic exposure on algae, providing new insight into antibiotic risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Kailai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Shengfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ruixu He
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Tang B, Zhang L, Salam M, Yang B, He Q, Yang Y, Li H. Revealing the environmental hazard posed by biodegradable microplastics in aquatic ecosystems: An investigation of polylactic acid's effects on Microcystis aeruginosa. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123347. [PMID: 38215868 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The influence of petroleum-based microplastics (MPs) on phytoplankton has been extensively studied, while research on the impact of biodegradable MPs, derived from alternative plastics to contest the environmental crisis, remains limited. This study performed a 63 days co-incubation experiment to assess the effect of polylactic acid MPs (PLA-MPs) on the growth, physiology, and carbon utilization of M. aeruginosa and the change in PLA-MPs surface properties. The results showed that despite PLA-MPs induced oxidative stress and caused membrane damage in M. aeruginosa, the presence of PLA-MPs (10, 50, and 200 mg/L) triggered significant increases (p < 0.05) in the density of M. aeruginosa after 63 days. Specifically, the algal densities upon 50 and 200 mg/L PLA-MPs exposure were increased by 20.91% and 36.31% relative to the control, respectively. Meanhwhile, the reduced C/O ratio on PLA-MPs surface and change in PLA-MPs morphological characterization, which is responsible for substantially increase in the aquatic dissolved inorganic carbon concentration during the co-incubation, implying the degradation of PLA-MPs; thus, provided sufficient carbon resources that M. aeruginosa could assimilate. This was in line with the declined intracellular carbonic anhydrase content in M. aeruginosa. This study is the first attempt to uncover the interaction between PLA-MPs and M. aeruginosa, and the finding that their interaction promotes the degrading of PLA-MPs meanwhile favoring M. aeruginosa growth will help elucidate the potential risk of biodegradable MPs in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingran Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Lixue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center of Chongqing, Chongqing, 401147, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China; Aquatic Ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of Chongqing Observation and Research Station, Chongqing, 400044, China.
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Salam M, Zheng H, Liu Y, Zaib A, Rehman SAU, Riaz N, Eliw M, Hayat F, Li H, Wang F. Effects of micro(nano)plastics on soil nutrient cycling: State of the knowledge. J Environ Manage 2023; 344:118437. [PMID: 37343476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The ecological impacts of micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) have attracted attention worldwide because of their global occurrence, persistence, and environmental risks. Increasing evidence shows that MNPs can affect soil nutrient cycling, but the latest advances on this topic have not systematically reviewed. Here, we aim to present the state of knowledge about the effects of MNPs on soil nutrient cycling, particularly of C, N, and P. Using the latest data, the present review mainly focuses on three aspects, including (1) the effects and underlying mechanisms of MNPs on soil nutrient cycling, particularly of C, N and P, (2) the factors influencing the effects of MNPs on soil nutrient cycling, and (3) the knowledge gaps and future directions. We conclude that MNPs can alter soil nutrient cycling via mediating soil nutrient availability, soil enzyme activities, functional microbial communities, and their potential ecological functions. Furthermore, the effects of MNPs vary with MNPs characteristics (i.e., polymeric type, size, dosage, and shape), chemical additives, soil physicochemical conditions, and soil biota. Considering the complexity of MNP-soil interactions, multi-scale experiments using environmental relevant MNPs are required to shed light on the effects of MNPs on soil nutrients. By learning how MNPs influence soil nutrients cycles, this review can guide policy and management decisions to safeguard soil health and ensure sustainable agriculture and land use practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042, China
| | - Aneeqa Zaib
- Department of Environmental Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Riaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Moataz Eliw
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Faisal Hayat
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Fayuan Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266042, China.
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He Y, Shen A, Salam M, Liu M, Wei Y, Yang Y, Li H. Microcystins-Loaded Aged Nanoplastics Provoke a Metabolic Shift in Human Liver Cells. Environ Sci Technol 2023. [PMID: 37449315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Studies concerning the toxicity of pollutant-loaded nanoplastics (NPs) toward humans are still in their infancy. Here, we evaluated the adsorption of microcystins (MCs) by pristine and aged polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs), prepared MCs-loaded aged PSNPS (1, 5, 10, 15, and 19 μg/mg), and systematically mapped the key molecular changes induced by aged and MCs-loaded PSNPs to human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. According to the results, MC-LR adsorption is increased 2.64-fold by aging, and PSNP accumulation is detected in HepG2 cells. The cytotoxicity of the MC-LR-loaded aged PSNPs showed a positive relationship with the MC-LR amount, as the cell viability in the 19 μg/mg loading treatment (aPS-MC19) was 10.84% lower than aged PSNPs; meanwhile, more severe oxidative damage was observed. Primary approaches involved stressing the endoplasmic reticulum and reducing protein synthesis that the aged PSNPs posed for HepG2 cells, while the aggravated cytotoxicity in aPS-MC19 treatment was a combined result of the metabolic energy disorder, oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and downregulation of the MC-LR target protein. Our results confirm that the aged PSNPs could bring more MC-LR into the HepG2 cells, significantly interfere with biological processes, and provide new insight into deciphering the risk of NPs to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ai Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Tumor Center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mengzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China
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Yuan R, Salam M, Miao X, Yang Y, Li H, Wei Y. Potential disintegration and transport of biochar in the soil-water environment: A case study towards purple soil. Environ Res 2023; 222:115383. [PMID: 36716806 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has been widely applied in soil and water. However, the fate and transport of biochar are not yet fully understood. Here, biochar's disintegration, transport, and the effect of temperature on biochar transport in soil (purple soil)-water systems were investigated. The results showed that the potentially transportable components (PTC) of biochar for corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, rice husk and wood biochar reached 6.22-7.60%, 5.96-12.29%, 11.77-12.45%, 5.34-6.26% and 5.08-6.14% by mass, respectively. An external force (ultrasound exposure) intensified the physical disintegration, including colloidal and nanoparticles from larger particles, thereby increasing the transport potential. The mass recovery rates of PTC for rice straw biochar after penetrating through soil at 5, 20 and 35 °C reached 44.25%, 32.97% and 10.98%, respectively, which was supported by the Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory results. Elevated temperatures increased the hydrodynamic average diameter of PTC, and the Zeta potential of PTC and soil at 35 °C were less negative than those at 5 and 20 °C. As a result, biochar's transportability decreases with increasing temperature in the soil-water system, during which the enhanced PTC aggregation and the decreased electrostatic repulsion between biochar and soil particles played a crucial role. The increase in electrical conductivity in the soil-water system may be the main reason for the decrease in electrostatic repulsion at higher temperatures. The findings are helpful for an in-depth understanding of the environmental fate and managing the transport risk of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaojun Miao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agri-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
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Tenriawaru AN, Salam M, Jamil MH, Anindita N, Rauf RA. COMPARISON OF VALUE ADDED OF WHITE PEPPER AND BLACK PEPPER IN EAST LUWU. agroland 2022; 9:117-127. [DOI: 10.22487/agroland.v9i2.1510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Pepper is the main commodity South Sulawesi and is the main source of income for farmers. Potential that is owned, has the opportunity to increase product competitiveness in obtaining added value. The method used is a case study on the pepper business in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using value-added analysis using Hayami's value-added method. The results of the analysis show that the value added generated by processing pepper seeds into powdered white pepper is IDR 197,218/kg, which means that for every 1 kg of raw material for white pepper seeds will be added IDR 197,218/kg, while the value added of ground black pepper is IDR 202,474/kg, which means that for every 1 kg of black pepper seed raw material, an value added of Rp.202,474/kg will be generated. The resulting profitability for white pepper is 56.35 percent and for black pepper is 57.85 percent. This shows that the processing of peppercorns into powdered pepper can generate profits of 56.35 percent white pepper and 57.85 percent black pepper respectively. The policy to increase ground pepper production has contributed positively to improving the regional economy, with the value added of black pepper and white pepper above 55 percent.
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Salam M, Chishti MZ. Will ASEAN countries be a potential choice for the export of pollution intensive goods? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:81308-81320. [PMID: 35731437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China, being the world's largest exporter, has now certain environmental commitments such as to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. These commitments of China has raised a reasonable concern regarding the expected reduction in the production and export of pollution intensive goods in the future. Besides China, the most efficient countries in the region to produce these goods are most of the member countries from ASEAN. The current study therefore aims to analyze if in the future, China reduces the production and export of these goods, whether the selected ASEAN countries can be the next choice for the export of pollution intensive goods. Based on the data availability for the period 1990-2019, this study considers five selected ASEAN countries (ASEAN-5). The results are based on the Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration and Error Correction Modeling (ECM). The aggregate analysis of five pollution intensive goods (pulp and paper (341), industrial chemicals (351), non-metallic minerals products (369), iron and steel (371) and non-ferrous metals (372)) suggests that Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow can significantly increase the export of pollution intensive goods only in case of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. However, there is no significant effect of FDI on the export of pollution intensive goods in case of Philippines and Singapore. The disaggregate analyses of the five pollution intensive goods suggest that in each of the ASEAN-5 countries, FDI inflow can significantly increase the export of pollution intensive goods in some of these industries rather than in all of them. In nutshell, it is concluded that ASEAN-5 countries can be a potential choice for the export of pollution intensive goods in some of the pollution intensive industries but not in all of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salam
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Jingguan Building, Dongnandaxue Road 2, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Muhammad Zubair Chishti
- School of Business, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- Department of Economics, University of Chakwal, Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan.
- School of Economics, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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He Y, Wei G, Tang B, Salam M, Shen A, Wei Y, Zhou X, Liu M, Yang Y, Li H, Mao Y. Microplastics benefit bacteria colonization and induce microcystin degradation. J Hazard Mater 2022; 431:128524. [PMID: 35220121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can sorb toxic substances and be colonized by microorganisms. However, the interactions between the adsorbed toxic substances and the MPs biofilm remains inadequately understood. Here, a 37-days microcosm experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) on microcystin (MC-LR) behavior in turbulent scenarios. The results revealed that adsorption by PS-MPs was the primary process that led to a quick reduction of aquatic MC-LR concentrations. With the colonization of microorganisms on the PS-MPs, the attached biofilm altered the surface properties of PS-MPs, which enhanced the bio-adsorption of MC-LR. Meanwhile, microcystins degrading bacteria, such as Sphingomonadaceae and Methylophilaceae, inhabited in the biofilm, which facilitated the MC-LR biodegradation; this was also demonstrated by the identified MC-LR degradation products. Thus, the MC-LR concentration in water was constantly decreased, with a maximum removal capability of 35.8% in PS-MPs added groups. In addition, a 25% reduction of MC-LR was recorded in PS-MPs added static water. This suggested that the interaction between PS-MPs, biofilm, and MC-LR may be prevalent in natural waters. Our results indicate MPs as vectors for toxic substances could be a double-edged sword (adsorption and biodegradation), which provides new insights for understanding the ecological risks of microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Guining Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bingran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ai Shen
- Department of hepatobiliary pancreatic tumor center, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Mengzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongchuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yufeng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
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Salam M, Xu Y. Trade openness and environment: a panel data analysis for 88 selected BRI countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:23249-23263. [PMID: 34800274 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In 2013, the Chinese government officially announced the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Since then, environmentalists have raised concerns regarding the environmental impact of trade between China and BRI countries. Therefore, the current study aims to analyze the environmental impact of the two aspects of BRI countries' trade: First, it examines the environmental impact of trade openness between China and BRI countries. Second, it examines the environmental impact of trade openness among BRI countries. For this purpose, the current study employs the two-step system GMM model with a panel dataset for the period 2001-2018. The results obtained for the whole sample of 88 selected BRI countries suggest that the trade openness between China and BRI countries significantly reduces CO2 emissions. However, the trade openness among BRI countries has no significant effect on CO2 emissions. In addition, BRI countries' exports to China do not have a significant effect on CO2 emissions. However, BRI countries' imports from China significantly reduce CO2 emissions in these countries. The results obtained for the subsamples of BRI countries suggest that the trade openness between China and BRI countries, BRI countries' exports to China, and BRI countries' imports from China have no significant effect on CO2 emissions in both low-income and high-income BRI countries. Moreover, the trade openness among BRI countries significantly increases CO2 emissions in low-income BRI countries only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salam
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Jingguan Building, Dongnandaxue Road 2, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yingzhi Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Jingguan Building, Dongnandaxue Road 2, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Ullah Z, Chen X, Gou S, Xu Y, Salam M. FNUG: Imperfect Mazes Traversal Based on Detecting and Following the Nearest-to-Final-Goal and Unvisited Gaps. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/lra.2022.3151393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Liu M, Wei Y, Salam M, Yuan X, Liu B, He Q, Hu X, Li H, He Y. Potassium supplement enhanced cadmium removal in a Microcystis aeruginosa photobioreactor: Evidence from actual and simulated wastewater. J Hazard Mater 2022; 424:127719. [PMID: 34802826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a Microcystis aeruginosa-based photobioreactor (M. aeruginosa-based PBR) was developed for the removal of cadmium (Cd2+) from diluted actual mine wastewater (DW) and Cd2+-contained simulated wastewater (SW), with a uniform Cd2+ concentration of 0.5 mg/L. For the DW and SW, both K+ -abundant (DWA & SWA) and K+-insufficient (DWB & SWB) treatments were conducted. It was found that continuous supplementation of K+ benefited Cd2+ removal. The Cd2+ removal efficiency in SWA reached 70% during the 41 days of operation, which was 20% higher than that in the SWB. The K+ addition triggered great higher Cd2+ removal efficiency (90%) in the DWA in comparison to the SWA. The Cd2+ assimilation by M. aeruginosa and Cd2+ retention on M. aeruginosa surface were the primary processes involved in the PBR system. The K+ starvation triggered a 45% and 43% loss of M. aeruginosa biomass in the DWA and the DWB, respectively. Hence, the Cd2+ removal efficiency in DWB increased significantly, and this was attributed to the increased abundance of non-living cells and enhanced bioretention of Cd2+. The results revealed that continuous K+ supplementation enhanced the Cd2+ removal efficiency in the M. aeruginosa-based PBR jointly by prompting algal cell growth, Cd2+ assimilation and biosorption, as well as Cd2+ retention on the algal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yanyan Wei
- Cultivation Base of Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Products Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Muhammad Salam
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiaobing Yuan
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Bingsheng Liu
- The second Construction Engineering Co., Ltd of the third Bureau of China Construction Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuebin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings (Ministry of Science and Technology), Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yixin He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment of Three Gorges Region, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Sun Q, Zheng H, Hu X, Salam M, Sun M, Zhao C, Bao B. Titanium-based hollow silica nanocarrier doped hydrogel for ultraviolet assisted removal of diclofenac sodium. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is highly prevalent, affecting 11% of the population. Studies evaluating the socio-economic impact of CRS are mostly limited to the US population. Currently there is no study that has evaluated the socio-economic costs of CRS in the UK. METHODS A case-control study of patients with CRS and healthy controls was conducted to investigate the wider socio-economic impact of the disease. Data on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE), health resource utilisation, productivity losses and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) via the EQ-5D and SNOT-22 instruments, were collected from questionnaires. RESULTS A total of 139 CRS participants and 67 control participants completed the questionnaires. The average total OOPE per patient extrapolated to a 12-month period was £304.84. Other important findings include significantly higher reported primary care interactions (4.14 vs. 1.16) as well as secondary care interactions (2.61 vs 0.4) in CRS group as compared to controls over three-months. The average total missed workdays was estimated to be 18.7 per patient per year. The estimated incremental healthcare cost of CRS per year is £16.8 billion or £2.8 billion per million inhabitants. Factors predictive of a higher OOPE include higher household occupancy and income and these accounted for only 9.7% of the total variance in total OOPEs. Other socioeconomic, demographic and HRQoL variables were not found to be predictive factors of OOPE. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that CRS has a significant wider economic burden beyond the immediate direct healthcare costs. CRS participants had a high level of healthcare service use, OOPE and productivity loss. Results from this study will add to the existing limited data both for the UK and abroad and emphasises the need for effective treatments for these patients to reduce the disease impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Wahid
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - R Smith
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, United Kingdom
| | - M Salam
- The Ipswich Hospital, Ipswich, United Kingdom
| | - C M Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, United Kingdom
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Yue X, Zhao J, Shi H, Chi Y, Salam M. Preparation of composite adsorbents of activated carbon supported MgO/MnO 2 and adsorption of Rhodamine B. Water Sci Technol 2020; 81:906-914. [PMID: 32541109 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Activated carbon (AC) was modified by MgO and MnO2 through an impregnation-precipitation-calcination procedure. The batch experiments of adsorption of Rhodamine B (RB) by a modified adsorption material, an MgO-MnO2-AC composite, were carried out and the characteristics of the composite adsorbent were evaluated. The results showed that manganese/magnesium loading changed the surface area, pore volume and increased the number of active adsorption sites of AC. The highest Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area (1,036.18 m2·g-1) was obtained for MgO-MnO2-AC compared with AC. The content of AC loaded with magnesium and manganese was 34.24 and 5.51 mg·g-1 respectively. The adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was significantly improved. The maximum adsorption capacity of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC was 16.19 mg·g-1 at 25 °C under the RB concentration of 50 mg·L-1. The adsorption of RB by AC and MgO-MnO2-AC increased with the initial concentration of RB. The adsorption of RB increased first and then decreased when pH was between 3 and 11. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and Langmuir equation can be used to describe the adsorption of RB on MgO-MnO2-AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Jianhai Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Huanhuan Shi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Yongzhi Chi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Muhammad Salam
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Philpott C, Erskine S, Smith R, Hopkins C, Kara N, Farboud A, Salam M, Robertson A, Almeyda R, Kumar B, Anari S, Ray J, Cathcart R, Carrie S, Ahmed S, Khalil H, Clark A, Thomas M. Current use of baseline medical treatment in chronic rhinosinusitis: Data from the National Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study (CRES). Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 43:509-524. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Philpott
- James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Gorleston UK
- Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norfolk UK
| | - S. Erskine
- James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Gorleston UK
| | - R. Smith
- Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norfolk UK
| | - C. Hopkins
- Guys & St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - N. Kara
- County Durham & Darlington NHS Foundation Trust; Darlington UK
| | | | - M. Salam
- Ipswich Hospital NHS Foundation Trust; Ipswich UK
| | - A. Robertson
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Campus; Glasgow UK
| | - R. Almeyda
- Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust; Reading UK
| | - B.N. Kumar
- Wrightington Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust; Wigan UK
| | - S. Anari
- Heart of England NHS Trust; Birmingham UK
| | - J. Ray
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHSFT; Sheffield UK
| | | | | | - S. Ahmed
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust; Birmingham UK
| | | | - A. Clark
- Norwich Medical School; University of East Anglia; Norfolk UK
| | - M. Thomas
- Primary Care and population Sciences; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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17
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Philpott CM, Erskine SE, Clark A, Leeper A, Salam M, Sharma R, Murty GE, Hummel T. A randomised controlled trial of sodium citrate spray for non-conductive olfactory disorders. Clin Otolaryngol 2017; 42:1295-1302. [PMID: 28339165 DOI: 10.1111/coa.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous research has suggested that sodium citrate improves hyposmia by decreasing mucus calcium levels in the nose. This study aimed to confirm or refute this effect in a single application and assess potential side-effects. DESIGN Study design was a randomised double-blind controlled trial of sodium citrate nasal spray (intervention) vs sterile water (control). Fifty-five patients with non-conductive olfactory loss were randomised to receive the intervention or placebo. SETTING Tertiary care clinic. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measure was improvement in measured olfactory thresholds for phenyl ethyl alcohol (PEA) over 2 hours. Other outcome measures assessed were improvement in olfactory thresholds in 1-butanol, eucalyptol and acetic acid; number of responders with a clinically relevant response in each arm; and adverse effects. RESULTS A significant effect was seen in the intervention arm for PEA and for 1-butanol and eucalyptol when compared to the control arm (P<.05); 32% of the intervention arm responded in terms of improved sensitivity towards some of the odours. Minor adverse effects noted included sore throat, nasal paraesthesia, slight rhinorrhoea and itching. The duration of effect of the citrate is transient, peaking at 30-60 minutes after application. CONCLUSIONS Sodium citrate yields some potential as a treatment for non-conductive olfactory loss; however, these findings require corroboration in further clinical trials looking at longer term regular use of the spray as a viable therapeutic option for patients where it would be applied at frequent intervals such as before mealtimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Philpott
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK.,The Smell & Taste Clinic, ENT Department, James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Gorleston, Norfolk, UK
| | - S E Erskine
- The Smell & Taste Clinic, ENT Department, James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Gorleston, Norfolk, UK
| | - A Clark
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norfolk, UK
| | - A Leeper
- The Smell & Taste Clinic, ENT Department, James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Gorleston, Norfolk, UK
| | - M Salam
- ENT Department, The Ipswich Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Ipswich, Suffolk, UK
| | - R Sharma
- The Smell & Taste Clinic, ENT Department, James Paget University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Gorleston, Norfolk, UK
| | - G E Murty
- ENT Department, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Foundation Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - T Hummel
- The Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of ORL, Technical University, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Philpott C, Erskine S, Hopkins C, Coombes E, Kara N, Sunkareneni V, Anari S, Salam M, Farboud A. A case-control study of medical, psychological and socio-economic factors influencing the severity of chronic rhinosinusitis. Rhinology 2016. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin15.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Salam M, Kabir J, Haque E, Islam F, Islam GS, Kaisar I. MP3-11 RESULTS OF TRANS URETHRAL ENUCLEATION AND RESECTION OF PROSTATE (TUERP) USING UNIPOLAR RESECTOSCOPE: A COST EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNIQUE! J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Aroor AR, Sowers JR, Bender SB, Nistala R, Garro M, Mugerfeld I, Hayden MR, Johnson MS, Salam M, Whaley-Connell A, Demarco VG. Dipeptidylpeptidase inhibition is associated with improvement in blood pressure and diastolic function in insulin-resistant male Zucker obese rats. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2501-13. [PMID: 23653460 PMCID: PMC3689282 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a prognosticator for future cardiovascular events that demonstrates a strong correlation with obesity. Pharmacological inhibition of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) to increase the bioavailability of glucagon-like peptide-1 is an emerging therapy for control of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 has insulin-independent actions in cardiovascular tissue. However, it is not known whether DPP-4 inhibition improves obesity-related diastolic dysfunction. Eight-week-old Zucker obese (ZO) and Zucker lean rats were fed normal chow diet or diet containing the DPP-4 inhibitor, linagliptin (LGT), for 8 weeks. Plasma DPP-4 activity was 3.3-fold higher in ZO compared with Zucker lean rats and was reduced by 95% with LGT treatment. LGT improved echocardiographic and pressure volume-derived indices of diastolic function that were impaired in ZO control rats, without altering food intake or body weight gain during the study period. LGT also blunted elevated blood pressure progression in ZO rats involving improved skeletal muscle arteriolar function, without reducing left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in ZO hearts. Expression of phosphorylated- endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)(Ser1177), total eNOS, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2a protein was elevated in the LGT-treated ZO heart, suggesting improved Ca(2+) handling. The ZO myocardium had an abnormal mitochondrial sarcomeric arrangement and cristae structure that were normalized by LGT. These studies suggest that LGT reduces blood pressure and improves intracellular Cai(2+) mishandling and cardiomyocyte ultrastructure, which collectively result in improvements in diastolic function in the absence of reductions in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, or oxidative stress in insulin-resistant ZO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annayya R Aroor
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, and Diabetes and Cardiovascular Center, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Salam M, Matherly S, Farooq IS, Stravitz RT, Sterling RK, Sanyal AJ, Gibson DP, Wade JB, Thacker LR, Heuman DM, Fuchs M, Puri P, Luketic V, Bickston SJ, Bajaj JS. Modified-orientation log to assess hepatic encephalopathy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012; 35:913-20. [PMID: 22348593 PMCID: PMC3616137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The subjectivity of the West-Haven criteria (WHC) hinders hepatic encephalopathy (HE) evaluation. The new HE classification has emphasised assessment of orientation. The modified-orientation log (MO-log, eight questions, scores 0-24; 24 normal) is adapted from a validated brain injury measure. AIM To validate MO-log for HE assessment in cirrhosis. METHODS Cirrhotics admitted with/without HE were administered MO-log. We collected cirrhosis/HE details, admission/daily MO-logs and WHC (performed by different examiners), time to reach normal mentation (MO-log ≥23) and MO-log/WHC change (Δ) over day 1. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality, duration to normal mentation and length-of-stay (LOS). Regressions were performed for each outcome. MO-log inter-rater reliability was measured. RESULTS Ninety-six HE (55 ± 8 years, MELD 21) and 20 non-HE (54 ± 5 years, MELD 19) in-patients were included. In HE patients, median admission WHC was 3 (range 1-4). Mean MO-log was 12 ± 8 (range 0-22). Their LOS was 6 ± 5 days and 13% died. Time to reach normal mentation was 2.4 ± 1.7 days. Concurrent validity: there was a significant negative correlation between admission MO-log and WHC (r = -0.79, P < 0.0001). Discriminant validity: admission MO-logs were significantly lower in those who died (7 vs. 12, P = 0.03) and higher in those admitted without HE (23.6 vs. 12, P < 0.0001). MO-log improved in 69% on day 1 (ΔMO-log 4 ± 8) which was associated with lower duration to normal mentation (2 vs. 3.5 days, P = 0.03) and mortality (3% vs.43%, P < 0.0001), not ΔWHC. Regression models for all outcomes included admission/ΔMO-log but not WHC as a predictor. Inter-rater reliability: ICC for MO-log inter-rater observations was 0.991. CONCLUSIONS Modified-orientation log is a valid tool for assessing severity and is better than West-Haven criteria in predicting outcomes in hospitalised hepatic encephalopathy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Salam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. Matherly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - I. S. Farooq
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R. T. Stravitz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - R. K. Sterling
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A. J. Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D. P. Gibson
- Division of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. B. Wade
- Division of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - L. R. Thacker
- Division of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - D. M. Heuman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - M. Fuchs
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - P. Puri
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - V. Luketic
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - S. J. Bickston
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - J. S. Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
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Neumann C, Tsioulos K, Merkonidis C, Salam M, Clark A, Philpott C. Validation study of the “Sniffin’ Sticks” olfactory test in a British population: a preliminary communication. Clin Otolaryngol 2012; 37:23-7. [PMID: 22433135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-4486.2012.02431.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Neumann
- James Paget University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norfolk, UK.
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Hayden MR, Joginpally T, Salam M, Sowers JR. Childhood and adolescent obesity in cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes: a clinical vignette and ultrastructure study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.2217/dmt.11.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salam M, Sawan M, Nguyen D. Low-Power Implantable Device for Onset Detection and Subsequent Treatment of Epileptic Seizures: A Review. Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.1.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Salam M, Dahiya N, Sharma R, Soni SK, Hoondal GS, Tewari R. Cloning, characterization and expression of the chitinase gene of Enterobacter sp. NRG4. Indian J Microbiol 2008; 48:358-64. [PMID: 23100735 PMCID: PMC3476779 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-008-0044-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chitinase producing bacterium Enterobacter sp. NRG4, previously isolated in our laboratory, has been reported to have a wide range of applications such as anti-fungal activity, generation of fungal protoplasts and production of chitobiose and N-acetyl D-glucosamine from swollen chitin. In this paper, the gene coding for Enterobacter chitinase has been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The structural portion of the chitinase gene comprised of 1686 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence of chitinase has high degree of homology (99.0%) with chitinase from Serratia marcescens. The recombinant chitinase was purified to near homogeneity using His-Tag affinity chromatography. The purified recombinant chitinase had a specific activity of 2041.6 U mg(-1). It exhibited similar properties pH and temperature optima of 5.5 and 45°C respectively as that of native chitinase. Using swollen chitin as a substrate, the K(m), k(cat) and catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) values of recombinant chitinase were found to be 1.27 mg ml(-1), 0.69 s(-1) and 0.54 s(-1)M(-1) respectively. Like native chitinase, the recombinant chitinase produced medicinally important N-acetyl D-glucosamine and chitobiose from swollen chitin and also inhibited the growth of many fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Salam
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N. Dahiya
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R. Sharma
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
| | - S. K. Soni
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - G. S. Hoondal
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - R. Tewari
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Almerie MQ, Matar HE, Salam M, Morad A, Abdulaal M, Koudsi A, Maziak W. Cigarettes and waterpipe smoking among medical students in Syria: a cross-sectional study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008; 12:1085-1091. [PMID: 18713509 PMCID: PMC2553239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate tobacco use, beliefs and attitudes among medical students in Syria. METHODS A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 570 medical students (first and fifth year) registered at the Damascus University Faculty of Medicine in 2006-2007. We used a self-administered questionnaire for demo-graphic information, smoking behaviour (cigarette, waterpipe), family and peer smoking, attitudes and beliefs about smoking and future role in advising patients to quit smoking. RESULTS The overall prevalence of tobacco use was 10.9% for cigarettes (15.8% men, 3.3% women), 23.5% for waterpipe (30.3% men, 13.4% women) and 7.3% for both (10.1% men, 3.1% women). Both smoking methods were more popular among the fifth year students (15.4% and 27%) compared to their younger counterparts (6.6% and 19.7%). Regular smoking patterns predominated for cigarettes (62%), while occasional use patterns predominated for waterpipes (83%). More than two thirds of students (69%) thought they might not address or would have difficulty addressing smoking in their future patients. CONCLUSION The level of tobacco use among Syrian medical students is alarming and highlights the rapidly changing patterns of waterpipe use, especially among female students. Medical schools should work harder to tackle this phenomenon and address it more efficiently in their curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Q Almerie
- Department of Family & Community Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
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Abd Elhamid, A, Salam M, Tolan A. EVALUATION OF SESAME MEAL AS A DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCE FOR NILE TILAPIA (Orecohromis niloticus) fiNGERLINGS. Journal of Animal and Poultry Production 2004; 29:6887-6897. [DOI: 10.21608/jappmu.2004.239475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Salam M, Rockett J, Morris A. The prevalence of different human papillomavirus types and p53 mutations in laryngeal carcinomas: is there a reciprocal relationship? Eur J Surg Oncol 1995; 21:290-6. [PMID: 7781800 DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(95)91591-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether a reciprocal association occurs between HPV infection and somatic mutation of the tumour suppressor gene p53 in laryngeal carcinomas. Using immunohistochemical techniques, 87 tumours were examined for expression of the mutant form of p53 phosphoprotein using the monoclonal antibody PAB 1801. The prevalence of different HPV types in these tumours was determined by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Over-expression of p53 was noted in 50/87 (57.5%) of the tumours investigated but not in any of the non-neoplastic laryngeal mucosa (controls). There was no statistical correlation between p53 immunoreactivity and the clinicopathological parameters of laryngeal carcinomas. HPV DNA was detected in 8/36 (22.2%) of the tumours: HPV-6 in three, HPV-11 in one, HPV-16 in two, and unknown HPV type in two. In p53-mutant tumours, HPV was present in 4/20 tumours but none of these were high risk HPV types. In p53-normal tumours, on the other hand, HPV was present in 4/16 tumours but two of these were definitely high risk HPV-16. These results imply the reciprocal association between HPV and somatic mutations of p53 found in the case of cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salam
- Department of Otolaryngology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Ghauri B, Salam M, Mirza MI. An assessment of air quality in Karachi, Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess 1994; 32:37-45. [PMID: 24214006 DOI: 10.1007/bf00548150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/1993] [Revised: 04/15/1994] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An atmospheric pollution survey was carried out at 13 sites in Karachi, Pakistan, simultaneously from 0600 h to 2100 h for 15 consecutive days in May 1990 which also included meteorological measurements. The monitoring sites were included along the prevailing wind patterns in Karachi. Carbon monoxide levels in the ambient air were found to reach 9-10 ppm along the busy urban streets whereas CO2 level exceeded 370 ppm in these areas. Our survey indicates that NO2 levels were exceeding U.S. ambient air quality standards. Maxmum NO2 concentrations were observed (0.3-0.5 ppm) during the daytime from 0600 h to 2100 h. The surface ozone maximum around noon at the inland sites reached the levels of 40 ppb and 50 ppb respectively compared to upwind coastal Sites 1 level of 25 ppb. The Pb concentrations were approximately 3- to 7-fold higher than average, which corresponded well to urban air. Fossil fuel SO4 (excess) and NO3 were apportionally based on the assumption that these two anions were present as (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 in the aerosols. In the eastern part of the city atmospheric sulphate (SO4) shows the combustion of coal as its source from the vicinity and downwind of a steel manufacturing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ghauri
- Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), University Road, P.O. Box 8402, 75270, Karachi, Pakistan
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Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with multiple hepatic cysts associated with autosomal polycystic kidney disease was evaluated for abdominal discomfort and new liver test abnormalities following blind aspirations of her liver cysts. Tc-99m mebrofenin hepatobiliary imaging revealed a markedly enlarged liver with multiple photon deficient areas, focal retention of isotope in the left hepatic ductal system, no accumulation of radionuclide in cysts, and an unusual medial gallbladder position. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography confirmed all of these findings. Abdominal discomfort and liver biochemical abnormalities were attributed to cyst compression of nearby structures, including bile ducts. Hepatobiliary imaging is useful to exclude communication of bile ducts with hepatic cysts, to detect incidental abnormalities such as partial bile duct obstruction, and to distinguish the gallbladder from nearby hepatic cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salam
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201
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Salam M, Glowniak JV, Vetto RM, Jarboe JE, Haines JE, Krishnamurthy GT. Detection of bile leakage from traumatic right hepatic duct laceration with technetium-99m DISIDA cholescintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med 1987; 12:589-91. [PMID: 3665296 DOI: 10.1097/00003072-198708000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A woman was admitted to the hospital after blunt abdominal trauma. Initial ultrasound was equivocal but suggested a localized hepatic laceration. The patient was discharged but returned three weeks later with ascites and mild pain in the right upper abdominal quadrant. Hepatobiliary imaging identified a large bile leak originating from the porta hepatis but showed no evidence of parenchymal injury. No hepatic injury was found at surgery, but a laceration of the right hepatic duct was identified. Hepatobiliary imaging is the procedure of choice in diagnosing bile leaks from the extrahepatic biliary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salam
- Nuclear Medicine Service, VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97207
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Salam M, Khouri F. The enigma of the eccentric chromosome, the aberrant chromosome and the maring of a brain. J Med Liban 1966; 19:3-32. [PMID: 5949534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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