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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW, Maxeiner S, Wagener W. Diabetes and Road Traffic. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2024. [PMID: 38395055 DOI: 10.1055/a-2166-6928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- REK Attorneys at Law, Stuttgart, Balingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
- German National Cohort (NAKO Gesundheitsstudie/NAKO), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bertram
- Ophthalmological Practice Prof. Bertram & Dr. Helg, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Specialist Practice Dr. Rainer Möllmann and Dr. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Chair of Medical Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Ophthalmology Clinic Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Kurt Rinnert
- Company Medical Service, City of Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetes Specialist Practice and Center for Nutritional Medicine, Medicum Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
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Junker S, Ebert O, Bartsch R. A Systematic Literature Review of Injection Site Pain Perception in Adult Patients Treated with Citrate-Free and Citrate-Containing Biologic Agents. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2023; 19:303-313. [PMID: 36043729 PMCID: PMC10433360 DOI: 10.2174/1573397118666220829123713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate injection site pain (ISP) and other injection site outcomes caused by biologics administered alongside citrate-free (CF) and citrate-containing (CC) formulations. METHODS Electronic literature databases (Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for clinical trials and observational studies reporting on injection site outcomes after subcutaneous administration of biologics. Studies with unknown excipient formulations were excluded. The primary outcome was ISP, and secondary outcomes included any other reported injection site reactions (ISRs). Meta-analysis approaches were used to aggregate evidence identified via the conducted systematic literature review. RESULTS A total of two observational studies, two cross-over/sequential trials, and three head-tohead comparison trials directly comparing CF with CC biologics were identified, as well as seven placebo-controlled trials. Evidence from five of the seven direct comparison studies suggested reduced pain perception at the injection site when CF formulations were applied. Findings for other ISRs were balanced between both formulations, with slightly favorable results for preparations without citrate. A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials found no significant difference between arms with CF formulations and placebo regarding the proportion of patients experiencing ISP (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.30-1.28). CONCLUSION Excipient formulations are rarely specified in studies assessing pain and other ISRs of subcutaneously administered biologics. The available data indicate that subcutaneous administration of biologic agents without citrate may be associated with lower pain perception outcomes compared with treatment using CC formulations. Importantly, ISP is influenced by many factors which may have affected the results. More research is needed to assess how formulation excipients influence ISRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Junker
- Ingress-Health HWM GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of Cytel Inc., Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- Amgen GmbH, Riesstraße 24, 80992 München, Germany
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes and Road Traffic. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2022; 130:S137-S150. [PMID: 35453153 DOI: 10.1055/a-1624-3655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- REK Attorneys at Law, Stuttgart, Balingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany.,NAKO e.V., Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bertram
- Ophthalmological Practice Prof. Bertram & Dr. Helg, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Specialist Practice Dr. Rainer Möllmann and Dr. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Chair of Medical Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Eye Practice Clinic Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Kurt Rinnert
- Company Medical Service, City of Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetes Specialist Practice and Center for Nutritional Medicine, Medicum Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. Diabetologe 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11428-022-00867-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1581-6701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
- NAKO e.V., Heidelberg
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Facharztpraxis Dr. med. Rainer Möllmann und Dr. med. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinmanagement, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Augenpraxisklinik Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetesschwerpunktpraxis und Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, medicum Hamburg
| | | | - Reinhard W. Holl
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1194-2808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
- NAKO e.V., Heidelberg
| | | | - Barbara Buchberger
- Arbeitsbereich Health Technology Assessment und Systematische Reviews, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Facharztpraxis Dr. med. Rainer Möllmann und Dr. med. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinmanagement, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Augenpraxisklinik Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetesschwerpunktpraxis und Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, medicum Hamburg
| | | | - Reinhard W. Holl
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
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Ebert O, Hübner P, Küstner E, Schütt W. Patientenleitlinie Diabetes und Straßenverkehr – 1. Auflage, Version 1 vom 06.11.2019, gültig bis November 2022. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1021-2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes and Road Traffic. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2019; 127:S114-S123. [PMID: 31860932 DOI: 10.1055/a-1018-9262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- REK Attorneys at Law, Stuttgart, Balingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany.,NAKO e.V., Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bertram
- Ophthalmological Practice Prof. Bertram & Dr. Helg, Aachen, Germany
| | - Barbara Buchberger
- Department of Health Technology Assessment and Systematic Reviews, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Specialist Practice Dr. Rainer Möllmann and Dr. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld, Germany
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Chair of Medical Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Research Institute of the Diabetes Academy Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Eye Practice Clinic Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Kurt Rinnert
- Company Medical Service, City of Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetes Specialist Practice and Center for Nutritional Medicine, Medicum Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard W Holl
- Institute for Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, ZIBMT, University of Ulm, Germany
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl RW. Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/a-0899-0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
- NAKO e.V., Heidelberg
| | | | - Barbara Buchberger
- Arbeitsbereich Health Technology Assessment und Systematische Reviews, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Facharztpraxis Dr. med. Rainer Möllmann und Dr. med. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinmanagement, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Augenpraxisklinik Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetesschwerpunktpraxis und Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, medicum Hamburg
| | | | - Reinhard W. Holl
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
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Moehler M, Heo J, Lee HC, Tak WY, Chao Y, Paik SW, Yim HJ, Byun KS, Baron A, Ungerechts G, Jonker D, Ruo L, Cho M, Kaubisch A, Wege H, Merle P, Ebert O, Habersetzer F, Blanc JF, Rosmorduc O, Lencioni R, Patt R, Leen AM, Foerster F, Homerin M, Stojkowitz N, Lusky M, Limacher JM, Hennequi M, Gaspar N, McFadden B, De Silva N, Shen D, Pelusio A, Kirn DH, Breitbach CJ, Burke JM. Vaccinia-based oncolytic immunotherapy Pexastimogene Devacirepvec in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma after sorafenib failure: a randomized multicenter Phase IIb trial (TRAVERSE). Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:1615817. [PMID: 31413923 PMCID: PMC6682346 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2019.1615817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pexastimogene devacirepvec (Pexa-Vec) is a vaccinia virus-based oncolytic immunotherapy designed to preferentially replicate in and destroy tumor cells while stimulating anti-tumor immunity by expressing GM-CSF. An earlier randomized Phase IIa trial in predominantly sorafenib-naïve hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) demonstrated an overall survival (OS) benefit. This randomized, open-label Phase IIb trial investigated whether Pexa-Vec plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) improved OS over BSC alone in HCC patients who failed sorafenib therapy (TRAVERSE). 129 patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone. Pexa-Vec was given as a single intravenous (IV) infusion followed by up to 5 IT injections. The primary endpoint was OS. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (RR), time to progression (TTP) and safety. A high drop-out rate in the control arm (63%) confounded assessment of response-based endpoints. Median OS (ITT) for Pexa-Vec plus BSC vs. BSC alone was 4.2 and 4.4 months, respectively (HR, 1.19, 95% CI: 0.78–1.80; p = .428). There was no difference between the two treatment arms in RR or TTP. Pexa-Vec was generally well-tolerated. The most frequent Grade 3 included pyrexia (8%) and hypotension (8%). Induction of immune responses to vaccinia antigens and HCC associated antigens were observed. Despite a tolerable safety profile and induction of T cell responses, Pexa-Vec did not improve OS as second-line therapy after sorafenib failure. The true potential of oncolytic viruses may lie in the treatment of patients with earlier disease stages which should be addressed in future studies. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01387555
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moehler
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - J Heo
- College of Medicine, Pusan National University and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - H C Lee
- Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Republic ofKorea
| | - W Y Tak
- School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Chao
- Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S W Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea UniversityCollege of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Baron
- Department of Medicine, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - G Ungerechts
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Jonker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L Ruo
- Department of Surgery, Juravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - M Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - A Kaubisch
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Wege
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P Merle
- Hepatology Unit, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - O Ebert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Germany
| | - F Habersetzer
- Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, INSERM 1110, IHU de Strasbourg and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - J F Blanc
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology Department, CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - R Lencioni
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - R Patt
- Rad-MD, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Leen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - F Foerster
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M Homerin
- Medical Affairs, Transgene S.A., Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - N Stojkowitz
- Clinical Operations, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - M Lusky
- Program Management, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - J M Limacher
- Medical Affairs, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - M Hennequi
- Biostatistics, Transgene S.A., 400 Bd Gonthier d'Andernach, Parc d'Innovation, 67405 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - N Gaspar
- Clinical Assays, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - B McFadden
- Analytical Development and Quality Control, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N De Silva
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Shen
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Pelusio
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D H Kirn
- SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - J M Burke
- Clinical, SillaJen Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
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Melzer MK, Zeitlinger L, Mall S, Steiger K, Schmid RM, Ebert O, Krackhardt A, Altomonte J. Enhanced Safety and Efficacy of Oncolytic VSV Therapy by Combination with T Cell Receptor Transgenic T Cells as Carriers. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2018; 12:26-40. [PMID: 30662938 PMCID: PMC6325079 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents an attractive oncolytic virotherapy platform because of its potent tumor cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties; yet the clinical translation of VSV faces numerous challenges, such as inefficient systemic delivery and severe side effects such as neurotoxicity. We hypothesized that we could overcome these limitations and simultaneously enhance the therapy, by combining VSV with adoptively transferred T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells as carrier cells. We show that CD8+ T central memory cells (CD8+ T cm) can be efficiently loaded with VSV, they support intracellular virus production, and they can efficiently transfer VSV to tumor cells without compromising their own viability or antitumor reactivity. Loading VSV onto CD8+ T cm not only improves the safety compared with systemic administration of naked virus, but this approach also allows for an effective delivery of virus to its tumor target, resulting in an effective combination therapy in NSG mice bearing subcutaneous human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumors. We conclude that the combination of potent tumor debulking provided by the oncolytic VSV with the added effector functions afforded by the cytotoxic immune carrier cells results in a potent and safer immunotherapeutic, which can be further developed for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Karl Melzer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Zeitlinger
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Mall
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Angela Krackhardt
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, 81675 Munich, Germany
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl R. Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Bohn
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
- NAKO e.V., Heidelberg
| | | | - Barbara Buchberger
- Arbeitsbereich Health Technology Assessment und Systematische Reviews, Universität Duisburg-Essen
| | | | - Jürgen Hoß
- Facharztpraxis Dr. med. Rainer Möllmann und Dr. med. Jürgen Hoß, Krefeld
| | | | - Laura Krabbe
- Lehrstuhl für Medizinmanagement, Fakultät für Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen
| | - Bernhard Kulzer
- Forschungsinstitut der Diabetes-Akademie Bad Mergentheim (FIDAM GmbH), Bad Mergentheim
| | | | - Bernhard Lachenmayr
- Augenpraxisklinik Prof. Dr. Dr. Bernhard Lachenmayr & PD Dr. Lukas Reznicek, München
| | | | | | | | - Markus Salomon
- Diabetesschwerpunktpraxis und Zentrum für Ernährungsmedizin, medicum Hamburg
| | | | - Reinhard Holl
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, ZIBMT, Universität Ulm
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Melzer MK, Zeitlinger L, Mall S, Steiger K, Krackhardt A, Ebert O, Altomonte J. Abstract B14: TCR transgenic T cells improve the anticancer potential of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus as cell carriers and as synergistic therapeutics. Cancer Immunol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm17-b14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the clinical approval of Talimogen laherparepvec (T-VEC), an oncolytic Herpes-simplex-Virus 1, in 2015, oncolytic viruses have gained much attention as a versatile and promising platform for cancer therapy. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) represents an attractive oncolytic agent due to its inherent ability to preferentially infect and kill tumor cells, boost an antitumor immune response, and its flexibility to efficiently express transgenes. In order to overcome potential hurdles for the systemic administration of VSV, which include neutralization and nonspecific uptake, we aim to develop a combination therapy which employs T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic T cells directed against an epitope of Myeloperoxidase (Klar et al. 2014, Leukemia). As genetically engineered T cells are currently undergoing clinical trials, they have the potential to provide an ideal vehicle for a combination therapy with VSV. In our work, we have shown that human CD8+ central memory T cells (CD8+ Tcm) not only transport and deliver infectious virus to their tumor target while eliciting their own potent cytotoxic effector functions, but they also support viral amplification in the absence of significantly decreased cell viability in culture after 24h of viral infection. Moreover, we demonstrate in coculture assays with ML2 leukemia cells, that TCR transgenic CD8+ Tcm profit from the additional virus-mediated tumor cell killing as compared to a monotherapy with TCR transgenic CD8+ Tcm alone. Although viral titers in coculture assays with TCR transgenic cells were slightly decreased compared to those achieved in cocultures with T cells not expressing the TCR, we consider this to be an additional benefit of the combination therapeutic approach to reduce VSV-mediated off-target side effects, as VSV is known for its neurotoxic and hepatotoxic effects in a dose dependent manner. This is supported by our findings that highly immune-deficient NSG mice tolerate similar amounts of virus better if applied together with CD8+ Tcm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combination therapy for tumor-bearing NSG mice leads to enhanced transduction efficiency of VSV compared to that achieved by delivery of naked virus, as well as faster tumor cell killing compared to monotherapies with TCR transgenic CD8+ T cm or VSV alone when applied at the maximum tolerated dose. We therefore conclude that the combination of these monotherapies is a crucial step toward a broader and safer option for cancer treatment, as each offers a complimentary approach to tumor cell killing while simultaneously reducing the weaknesses of the other treatment option. We speculate that immune evasion can be efficiently overcome by application of the combination therapy while providing an efficient targeting and delivery vehicle of systemically applied oncolytic VSV with a concomitant reduction of toxicity. As both, rVSV and transgenic T cells are already undergoing clinical testing, our proposed combination therapy has the potential for a seamless translation to clinical application.
Citation Format: Michael Karl Melzer, Lisa Zeitlinger, Sabine Mall, Katja Steiger, Angela Krackhardt, Oliver Ebert, Jennifer Altomonte. TCR transgenic T cells improve the anticancer potential of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus as cell carriers and as synergistic therapeutics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B14.
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Ebert O. Diabetes und Soziales. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases at all ages. Diabetes and consequential damages can have a significant impact on the capability on affected people.Drug therapy resp. hypoglycemia can compromise the driving ability; problems in the choice of profession and in the daily work routine are possible.This paper aims to highlight said social implications and gives legal background information.
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Ebert O, Bohn B, Bertram B, Buchberger B, Finck H, Hoß J, Hübner P, Krabbe L, Kulzer B, Küstner E, Lachenmayr B, Lemmen KD, Petry F, Rinnert K, Salomon M, Schütt W, Holl R. S2e-Leitlinie Diabetes und Straßenverkehr. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-124953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Abou-Alfa GK, Puig O, Daniele B, Kudo M, Merle P, Park JW, Ross P, Peron JM, Ebert O, Chan S, Poon TP, Colombo M, Okusaka T, Ryoo BY, Minguez B, Tanaka T, Ohtomo T, Ukrainskyj S, Boisserie F, Rutman O, Chen YC, Xu C, Shochat E, Jukofsky L, Reis B, Chen G, Di Laurenzio L, Lee R, Yen CJ. Randomized phase II placebo controlled study of codrituzumab in previously treated patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2016; 65:289-95. [PMID: 27085251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Codrituzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against Glypican-3 (GPC3) that is expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), interacts with CD16/FcγRIIIa and triggers antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. Codrituzumab was studied vs. placebo in a randomized phase II trial in advanced HCC patients who had failed prior systemic therapy. METHODS Patients with advanced HCC who had failed prior systemic therapy, ⩾18years, Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) 0-1, Child-Pugh A were randomized 2:1 to biweekly codrituzumab 1600mg vs. placebo. Patients were stratified based on GPC3 immunohistochemical expression: 2+/3+, 1+, and 0. Primary endpoint was progression free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS), tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and an exploratory endpoint in biomarkers analysis. RESULTS 185 patients were enrolled: 125 received codrituzumab and 60 placebo: Median age 64/63, 85/75% male, 46/42% Asian, ECOG 0 65/63%, 74/77% having vascular invasion and/or extra-hepatic metastasis. 84%/70% had prior sorafenib. Drug exposure was 98.4% of planned dose, with an identical adverse events profile between the 2 groups. The median progression free survival and overall survival in the codrituzumab vs. placebo groups in months were: 2.6 vs. 1.5 (hazard ratios 0.97, p=0.87), and 8.7 vs. 10 (hazard ratios 0.96, p=0.82). Projected Ctrough at cycle 3day 1 based exposure, high CD16/FcγRIIIa on peripheral immune cells, and GPC3 expression in the tumor, were all associated with prolonged progression free survival and overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Codrituzumab did not show clinical benefit in this previously treated HCC population. Whether higher codrituzumab drug exposure or the use of CD16 and GPC3 as potential biomarkers would improve outcome remain unanswered questions. LAY SUMMARY Codrituzumab is a manufactured antibody against a liver cancer protein called glypican-3. In this clinical trial, codrituzumab was not found be effective against liver cancer. It was suggested though that a higher dose of codrituzumab or selecting patients with high level of glypican-3 or its mediator CD16 might improve outcome. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01507168).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghassan K Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Oscar Puig
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | | | | | - Philippe Merle
- Hopital de la Croix-Rousse, Hepatologie et Gastroenterologie, Lyon, France
| | | | - Paul Ross
- King's College Hospital, United Kingdom
| | | | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Hospital Universitario Vall d́Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Olga Rutman
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Chao Xu
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Eliezer Shochat
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland
| | - Lori Jukofsky
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | - Bernhard Reis
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland
| | - Gong Chen
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
| | | | - Ray Lee
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA
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Altomonte J, Muñoz-Álvarez KA, Shinozaki K, Baumgartner C, Kaissis G, Braren R, Ebert O. Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27167921 DOI: 10.3791/53757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven themselves to be potentially powerful tools to fight malignancy. Due to the unique dual blood supply in the liver, it is possible to apply therapies locally to orthotopic liver tumors, which are predominantly fed by arterial blood flow. We have previously demonstrated that hepatic arterial delivery of oncolytic viruses results in safe and efficient transduction efficiency of multifocal HCC lesions, resulting in significant prolongation of survival in immune competent rats. This procedure closely mimics the application of transarterial embolization in patients, which is the standard palliative care provided to many HCC patients. The ability to administer tumor therapies through the hepatic artery in rats allows for a highly sophisticated preclinical model for evaluating novel viral vectors under development. Here we describe the detailed protocol for microdissection of the hepatic artery for infusion of oncolytic virus vectors to treat orthotopic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Georgios Kaissis
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München
| | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der TU München
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Phillip V, Zahel T, Bärtl K, Rasch S, Ebert O, Schmid RM, Rummeny E, Algül H. Influence of Sorafenib and Bevacizumab on pancreatic volume - A monocentric CT based analysis. Pancreatology 2016; 16:621-4. [PMID: 26968257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Angiogenesis plays a central role in tumor growth and metastasis and tyrosine kinases are crucial in the modulation of growth factor signaling. Several side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been reported, including diarrhea due to pancreatic insufficiency. The suspected mechanism is the anti-angiogenetic effect of the inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) causing a disturbance of the microvasculation. The aim of the present study was to determine the volume of the pancreas before and after a therapy both with the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib and Bevacizumab, which is a humanized monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody against VEGF. METHODS Retrospective monocentric study including 42 patients who received either Sorafenib, Bevacizumab combined with Flourouracil and/or Irinotecan, or singly Flourouracil and Irinotecan for different non-pancreatic malignancies. The volume of the pancreas was measured before and after therapy by CT-scan based volumetry. RESULTS The pancreatic volume was statistically significantly lower after treatment with Sorafenib (75.4 mL vs. 71.0 mL; p = 0.006) or Bevacizumab and Fluorouracil ± Irinotecan (71.8 mL vs. 62.6 mL; p = 0.020). The pancreatic volume did not change statistically significantly after treatment with Fluorouracil ± Irinotecan only (51.1 mL vs. 49.9 mL; p = 0.142). CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic volume decreases statistically significantly under treatment with both the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor Sorafenib and the angiogenesis inhibitor Bevacizumab. This volume reduction is most likely due to a reduced microvasculation by inhibition of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veit Phillip
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Tina Zahel
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Klaus Bärtl
- Chirurgische Abteilung, Kreisklinik Wolfratshausen, Moosbauerweg 5, 82515 Wolfratshausen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rasch
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Ernst Rummeny
- Institut für diagnostische und interventionelle Radiologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 München, Germany.
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Groß C, Steiger K, Sayyed S, Heid I, Feuchtinger A, Walch A, Heß J, Unger K, Zitzelsberger H, Settles M, Schlitter AM, Dworniczak J, Altomonte J, Ebert O, Schwaiger M, Rummeny E, Steingötter A, Esposito I, Braren R. Model Matters: Differences in Orthotopic Rat Hepatocellular Carcinoma Physiology Determine Therapy Response to Sorafenib. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4440-50. [PMID: 25995341 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preclinical model systems should faithfully reflect the complexity of the human pathology. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the tumor vasculature is of particular interest in diagnosis and therapy. By comparing two commonly applied preclinical model systems, diethylnitrosamine induced (DEN) and orthotopically implanted (McA) rat HCC, we aimed to measure tumor biology noninvasively and identify differences between the models. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN DEN and McA tumor development was monitored by MRI and PET. A slice-based correlation of imaging and histopathology was performed. Array CGH analyses were applied to determine genetic heterogeneity. Therapy response to sorafenib was tested in DEN and McA tumors. RESULTS Histologically and biochemically confirmed liver damage resulted in increased (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET uptake and perfusion in DEN animals only. DEN tumors exhibited G1-3 grading compared with uniform G3 grading of McA tumors. Array comparative genomic hybridization revealed a highly variable chromosomal aberration pattern in DEN tumors. Heterogeneity of DEN tumors was reflected in more variable imaging parameter values. DEN tumors exhibited lower mean growth rates and FDG uptake and higher diffusion and perfusion values compared with McA tumors. To test the significance of these differences, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib was administered, resulting in reduced volume growth kinetics and perfusion in the DEN group only. CONCLUSIONS This work depicts the feasibility and importance of in depth preclinical tumor model characterization and suggests the DEN model as a promising model system of multifocal nodular HCC in future therapy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Julia Heß
- Abteilung für Strahlenzytogenetik, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Abteilung für Strahlenzytogenetik, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Abteilung für Strahlenzytogenetik, Helmholtz-Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Nuklearmedizinische Klinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Steingötter
- Abteilung für Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Irene Esposito
- Institut für Pathologie, Institut für Pathologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Almstätter I, Mykhaylyk O, Settles M, Altomonte J, Aichler M, Walch A, Rummeny EJ, Ebert O, Plank C, Braren R. Characterization of magnetic viral complexes for targeted delivery in oncology. Theranostics 2015; 5:667-85. [PMID: 25897333 PMCID: PMC4402492 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are promising new agents in cancer therapy. Success of tumor lysis is often hampered by low intra-tumoral titers due to a strong anti-viral host immune response and insufficient tumor targeting. Previous work on the co-assembly of oncolytic virus particles (VPs) with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was shown to provide shielding from inactivating immune response and improve targeting by external field gradients. In addition, MNPs are detected by magnet resonance imaging (MRI) enabling non-invasive therapy monitoring. In this study two selected core-shell type iron oxide MNPs were assembled with adenovirus (Ad) or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The selected MNPs were characterized by high r2 and r2* relaxivities and thus could be quantified non-invasively by 1.5 and 3.0 tesla MRI with a detection limit below 0.001 mM iron in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Assembly and cell internalization of MNP-VP complexes resulted in 81 - 97 % reduction of r2 and 35 - 82 % increase of r2* compared to free MNPs. The relaxivity changes could be attributed to the clusterization of particles and complexes shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In a proof-of-principle study the non-invasive detection of MNP-VPs by MRI was shown in vivo in an orthotopic rat hepatocellular carcinoma model. In conclusion, MNP assembly and compartmentalization have a major impact on relaxivities, therefore calibration measurements are required for the correct quantification in biodistribution studies. Furthermore, our study provides first evidence of the in vivo applicability of selected MNP-VPs in cancer therapy.
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Yen CJ, Daniele B, Kudo M, Merle P, Park JW, Ross PJ, Peron JM, Ebert O, Chan SL, Poon RTP, Colombo M, Okusaka T, Ryoo BY, Minguez B, Tanaka T, Ohtomo T, Rutman O, Chen YC, Lee RM, Abou-Alfa GK. Randomized phase II trial of intravenous RO5137382/GC33 at 1600 mg every other week and placebo in previously treated patients with unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; NCT01507168). J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.4102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jui Yen
- Internal Medicine Department, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | | | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Paul J. Ross
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen Lam Chan
- Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Department of Clinical Oncology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Beatriz Minguez
- Liver Unit, Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Olga Rutman
- TCRC, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., USA;, New York, NY
| | - Ya-Chi Chen
- Translational and Clinical Research Center, Hoffmann La-Roche Inc., New York, NY
| | - Reuy-min Lee
- Translational and Clinical Research Center, Hoffmann La-Roche Inc., New York, NY
| | - Ghassan K. Abou-Alfa
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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Altomonte J, Ebert O. Sorting Out Pandora's Box: Discerning the Dynamic Roles of Liver Microenvironment in Oncolytic Virus Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2014; 4:85. [PMID: 24795862 PMCID: PMC4001031 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viral therapies have recently found their way into clinical application for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Adding to the many intrinsic challenges of in vivo oncolytic viral therapy, is the complex microenvironment of the liver, which imposes unique limitations to the successful delivery and propagation of the virus. The normal liver milieu is characterized by an intricate network of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, stellate cells, and sinusoidal endothelial cells, which can secrete anti-viral cytokines, provide a platform for non-specific uptake, and form a barrier to efficient viral spread. In addition, natural killer cells are greatly enriched in the liver, contributing to the innate defense against viruses. The situation is further complicated when HCC arises in the setting of underlying hepatitis virus infection and/or hepatic cirrhosis, which occurs in more than 90% of clinical cases. These conditions pose further inhibitory effects on oncolytic virus (OV) therapy due to the presence of chronic inflammation, constitutive cytokine expression, altered hepatic blood flow, and extracellular matrix deposition. In addition, OVs can modulate the hepatic microenvironment, resulting in a complex interplay between virus and host. The immune system undoubtedly plays a substantial role in the outcome of OV therapy, both as an inhibitor of viral replication, and as a potent mechanism of virus-mediated tumor cell killing. This review will discuss the particular challenges of oncolytic viral therapy for HCC, as well as some potential strategies for modulating the immune system and synergizing with the hepatic microenvironment to improve therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Altomonte
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München , Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München , München , Germany
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Hampl V, Martin C, Aigner A, Hoebel S, Singer S, Frank N, Sarikas A, Ebert O, Prywes R, Gudermann T, Muehlich S. Depletion of the transcriptional coactivators megakaryoblastic leukaemia 1 and 2 abolishes hepatocellular carcinoma xenograft growth by inducing oncogene-induced senescence. EMBO Mol Med 2013; 5:1367-82. [PMID: 23853104 PMCID: PMC3799492 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201202406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryoblastic leukaemia 1 and 2 (MKL1/2) are coactivators of the transcription factor serum response factor (SRF). Here, we provide evidence that depletion of MKL1 and 2 abolishes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenograft growth. Loss of the tumour suppressor deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and the subsequent activation of RhoA were prerequisites for MKL1/2 knockdown-mediated growth arrest. We identified oncogene-induced senescence as the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-proliferative effect of MKL1/2 knockdown. MKL1/2 depletion resulted in Ras activation, elevated p16 expression and hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in DLC1-deficient HCC cells. Interestingly, reconstitution of HuH7 HCC cells with DLC1 also induced senescence. Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of MKL1/2 knockdown in vivo revealed that systemic treatment of nude mice bearing HuH7 tumour xenografts with MKL1/2 siRNAs complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) completely abolished tumour growth. The regression of the xenografts was associated with senescence. Importantly, PEI-complexed MKL1 siRNA alone was sufficient for complete abrogation of HCC xenograft growth. Thus, MKL1/2 represent promising novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of HCCs characterized by DLC1 loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hampl
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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Braren R, Mykhaylyk O, Almstätter I, Settles M, Kosanke Y, Plank C, Ebert O, Rummeny E, Altomonte J. Magnetisches Targeting von onkolytischem Vesikulärem Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in einem hepatozellulärem Karzinom (HCC) Modell der Ratte. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1311063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Braren R, Altomonte J, Settles M, Neff F, Esposito I, Ebert O, Schwaiger M, Rummeny E, Steingoetter A. Validation of preclinical multiparametric imaging for prediction of necrosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after embolization. J Hepatol 2011; 55:1034-40. [PMID: 21354233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits varying degrees of vascularization with more poorly differentiated carcinoma commonly exhibiting high amounts of vascularization. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of HCC tumor nodules results in varying amounts of tumor necrosis. Reliable quantification of necrosis after TAE, would aid in treatment planning and testing of novel combinatorial treatment regimen. The aim of this work was to validate different imaging parameters as individual or combined predictors of tumor necrosis after TAE in an orthotopic rat HCC tumor model. METHODS Unifocal rat HCC was imaged by T(2)-weighted MRI, quantitative dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI, diffusion weighted MRI (DWI) and [(18)F]-FDG PET imaging before (day-1) and after (days 1 and 3) TAE. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out to analyze the ability of each imaging parameter to predict the percent residual vital tumor (vtu) and vital tissue (vti) as determined by quantitative histopathology. RESULTS TAE induced a wide range of tumor necrosis. Tumor volume was the only parameter showing a correlation with vti (r(2) = 0.63) before TAE. After TAE, moderate correlations were found for FDG tracer uptake (r(2) = 0.56) and plasma tissue transfer constant (r(2) = 0.55). Correlations were higher for the extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v(e), r(2) = 0.68) and highest for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC, r(2) = 0.86). Multivariate analyses confirmed highest correlation of ADC and v(e) with vtu and vti. CONCLUSIONS DWI and DCE-MRI with the respective parameters ADC (day 3) and v(e) (day 1) were identified as the most promising imaging techniques for the prediction of necrosis. This study validates a preclinical platform allowing for the improved tumor stratification after TAE and thus the testing of novel combinatorial therapy approaches in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rickmer Braren
- Institute of Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Krebs S, Esposito I, Lersch C, Gaa J, Schmid RM, Ebert O. Preoperative radiological characterization of hepatic angiomyolipoma using magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2011; 5:481. [PMID: 21943146 PMCID: PMC3189154 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-5-481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A hepatic angiomyolipoma is a rare benign tumor of the liver composed of a mixture of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels and a variable amount of adipose tissue. Differentiating them from malignant liver tumors can often be very difficult. Case presentation We report the case of a 43-year-old Caucasian man presenting with a large liver mass in the right lobe. The results of magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were consistent with a well-demarcated adipose tissue- containing tumor, showing prolonged hyperperfusion in comparison with the surrounding liver tissue. Surgery was performed and the diagnosis of hepatic angiomyolipoma was made with histopathology. Conclusion Preoperative radiological characterization using magnetic resonance imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography may improve diagnostic accuracy of hepatic angiomyolipoma. Identification of smooth muscle cells, blood vessels and adipose tissue with a positive immunohistochemical reaction for HMB-45 is the final evidence for an angiomyolipoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Krebs
- Medical Clinic, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Tumour‐specific replicating (oncolytic) viruses are novel anticancer agents, currently under intense investigation in preclinical studies and phase I–III clinical trials. Until recently, most studies have focused on the direct antitumour properties of these viruses. There is now an increasing body of evidence indicating that host immune responses may be critical to the efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy. Although the immune response to oncolytic viruses can rapidly restrict viral replication, thereby limiting the efficacy of therapy, oncolytic virotherapy also has the potential to induce potent antitumoural immune effectors that destroy those cancer cells, which are not directly lysed by virus. In this review, we discuss the role of the immune system in terms of antiviral and antitumoural responses, as well as strategies to evade or promote these responses in favour of improved therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Altomonte
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Apfel S, Altomonte J, Ebert O. 557 Generation of microRNA-sensitive VSV vectors to reduce neurotoxic side effects. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)72264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Marozin S, De Toni EN, Rizzani A, Altomonte J, Junger A, Schneider G, Thasler WE, Kato N, Schmid RM, Ebert O. Cell cycle progression or translation control is not essential for vesicular stomatitis virus oncolysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10988. [PMID: 20539760 PMCID: PMC2881869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic oncolytic specificity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is currently being exploited to develop alternative therapeutic strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying key regulators in diverse transduction pathways that define VSV oncolysis in cancer cells represents a fundamental prerequisite to engineering more effective oncolytic viral vectors and adjusting combination therapies. After having identified defects in the signalling cascade of type I interferon induction, responsible for attenuated antiviral responses in human HCC cell lines, we have now investigated the role of cell proliferation and translation initiation. Cell cycle progression and translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF2Bε have been recently identified as key regulators of VSV permissiveness in T-lymphocytes and immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts, respectively. Here, we show that in HCC, decrease of cell proliferation by cell cycle inhibitors or siRNA-mediated reduction of G(1) cyclin-dependent kinase activities (CDK4) or cyclin D1 protein expression, do not significantly alter viral growth. Additionally, we demonstrate that translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF2Bε are negligible in sustaining VSV replication in HCC. Taken together, these results indicate that cellular proliferation and the initiation phase of cellular protein synthesis are not essential for successful VSV oncolysis of HCC. Moreover, our observations indicate the importance of cell-type specificity for VSV oncolysis, an important aspect to be considered in virotherapy applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Marozin
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Enrico N. De Toni
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Rizzani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Klinikum Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Junger
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E. Thasler
- Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum Großhadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Department of Molecular Biology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Roland M. Schmid
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Altomonte J, Marozin S, Schmid RM, Ebert O. Engineered newcastle disease virus as an improved oncolytic agent against hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Ther 2009; 18:275-84. [PMID: 19809404 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2009.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an intrinsically tumor-specific virus, which is currently under investigation as a clinical oncolytic agent. Several clinical trials have reported NDV to be a safe and effective agent for cancer therapy; however, there remains a clear need for improvement in therapeutic outcome. The endogenous NDV fusion (F) protein directs membrane fusion, which is required for virus entry and cell-cell fusion. Here, we report a novel NDV vector harboring an L289A mutation within the F gene, which resulted in enhanced fusion and cytotoxicity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in vitro, as compared with the rNDV/F3aa control virus. In vivo administration of the recombinant vector, termed rNDV/F3aa(L289A), via hepatic arterial infusion in immune-competent Buffalo rats bearing multifocal, orthotopic liver tumors resulted in tumor-specific syncytia formation and necrosis, with no evidence of toxicity to the neighboring hepatic parenchyma. Furthermore, the improved oncolysis conferred by the L289A mutation translated to significantly prolonged survival compared with control NDV. Taken together, rNDV/F(L289A) represents a safe, yet more effective vector than wild-type NDV for the treatment of HCC, making it an ideal candidate for clinical application in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Altomonte
- II Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ebert O. Onkolytische Virotherapie mit Vesikulären Stomatitisviren. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2009; 134:2236-8. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Altomonte J, Braren R, Schulz S, Marozin S, Rummeny EJ, Schmid RM, Ebert O. Synergistic antitumor effects of transarterial viroembolization for multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hepatology 2008; 48:1864-73. [PMID: 19003878 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising strategy for safe and effective treatment of malignancy. We have reported previously that recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors are effective oncolytic agents that can be safely administered via the hepatic artery in immunocompetent rats to treat multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resulting in tumor necrosis and prolonged survival. Though the results were encouraging, complete tumor regression was not observed, which led us to explore alternative approaches to further enhance the efficacy of VSV treatment. Transarterial embolization techniques have been shown to improve the efficiency and tumor selectivity of anticancer treatments. Degradable starch microspheres (DSM) are one such embolic agent that provides transient embolization of the therapeautic agent before being degraded by serum amylases. Here we demonstrate via dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging that in our rat model of multifocal HCC, DSM injection into the hepatic artery results in a substantial reduction in tumor perfusion of systemically applied contrast agent. VSV, when administered in combination with DSM, results in enhanced tumor necrosis and synergistically prolongs survival when compared with VSV or DSM monotherapy. CONCLUSION This regimen of viroembolization represents an innovative therapeutic modality that can augment the future development of transarterial oncolytic virus therapy for patients with advanced HCC.
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Marozin S, Altomonte J, Stadler F, Thasler WE, Schmid RM, Ebert O. Inhibition of the IFN-β Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Alternative Spliced Isoform of IFN Regulatory Factor-3. Mol Ther 2008; 16:1789-1797. [DOI: 10.1038/mt.2008.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 08/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Altomonte J, Wu L, Meseck M, Chen L, Ebert O, Garcia-Sastre A, Fallon J, Mandeli J, Woo SLC. Enhanced oncolytic potency of vesicular stomatitis virus through vector-mediated inhibition of NK and NKT cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 16:266-78. [PMID: 18846115 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant oncolytic viruses represent a promising alternative option for the treatment of malignant cancers. We have reported earlier the safety and efficacy of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) vectors in a rat model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the full potential of VSV therapy is limited by a sudden decline in intratumoral virus replication observed early after viral administration, a phenomenon that coincides with an accumulation of inflammatory cells within infected lesions. To overcome the antiviral function of these cells, we present a recombinant virus, rVSV-UL141, which expresses a protein from human cytomegalovirus known to downregulate the natural killer (NK) cell-activating ligand CD155. The modified vector resulted in an inhibition of NK cell recruitment in vitro, as well as decreased intratumoral accumulations of NK and NKT cells in vivo. Administration of rVSV-UL141 through hepatic artery infusion in immune-competent Buffalo rats harboring orthotopic, multi-focal HCC lesions resulted in a one-log elevation of intratumoral virus replication over a control rVSV vector, which translated to enhance tumor necrosis and substantial prolongation of survival. Moreover, these results were achieved in the absence of apparent toxicities. The present study suggests the applicability of this strategy for the development of effective and safe oncolytic agents to treat multi-focal HCC, and potentially a multitude of other cancers, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Altomonte
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Wu L, Huang TG, Meseck M, Altomonte J, Ebert O, Shinozaki K, García-Sastre A, Fallon J, Mandeli J, Woo SL. rVSV(M Delta 51)-M3 is an effective and safe oncolytic virus for cancer therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2008; 19:635-47. [PMID: 18533893 PMCID: PMC2775926 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2007.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is being developed as a novel therapeutic agent for cancer treatment, although it is toxic in animals when administered systemically at high doses. Its safety can be substantively improved by an M Delta 51 deletion in the viral genome, and yet VSV(M Delta 51) induces a much greater, robust cellular inflammatory response in the host than wild-type VSV, which severely attenuates its oncolytic potency. We have reported that the oncolytic potency of wild-type VSV can be enhanced by vector-mediated expression of a heterologous viral gene that suppresses cellular inflammatory responses in the lesions. To develop an effective and safe VSV vector for cancer treatment, we tested the hypothesis that the oncolytic potency of VSV(M Delta 51) can be substantively elevated by vector-mediated expression of M3, a broad-spectrum and high-affinity chemokine-binding protein from murine gammaherpesvirus-68. The recombinant vector rVSV(M Delta 51)-M3 was used to treat rats bearing multifocal lesions (1-10 mm in diameter) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in their liver by hepatic artery infusion. Treatment led to a significant reduction of neutrophil and natural killer cell accumulation in the lesions, a 2-log elevation of intratumoral viral titer, substantively enhanced tumor necrosis, and prolonged animal survival with a 50% cure rate. Importantly, there were no apparent systemic and organ toxicities in the treated animals. These results indicate that the robust cellular inflammatory responses induced by VSV(M Delta 51) in HCC lesions can be overcome by vector-mediated intratumoral M3 expression, and that rVSV(M Delta 51)-M3 can be developed as an effective and safe oncolytic agent to treat advanced HCC patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wu
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Tian-gui Huang
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Marcia Meseck
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Jennifer Altomonte
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Present address: Second Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Ebert
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Present address: Second Medical Department, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Katsunori Shinozaki
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Present address: Department of Clinical Oncology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - John Fallon
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - John Mandeli
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
| | - Savio L.C. Woo
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029
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Shin EJ, Chang JI, Choi B, Wanna G, Ebert O, Genden EM, Woo SLC. Fusogenic vesicular stomatitis virus for the treatment of head and neck squamous carcinomas. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 136:811-7. [PMID: 17478221 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the efficacy of recombinant fusogenic VSV [rVSV-NDV/F(L289A) or rVSV-F] in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING The in vitro replication and cytotoxicity of rVSV-F were studied in two human SCC cell lines, in one murine SCC cell line, and in human keratinocytes. The effects on tumor size and animal survival were investigated following in vivo rVSV-F treatment of floor-of-mouth tumor model C3H/HeJ mice. RESULTS Recombinant VSV-F preferentially induced rapid syncytia formation, and replicated in (P < 0.04) and killed (P < 1 x 10(-13)) all three SCC lines tested. The virus had no observable effect on human keratinocytes. Tumor size was smaller (P < 0.03) and overall survival was better (P < 0.001) for treated animals than for control animals. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE Recombinant VSV-F confers a modest survival benefit for HNSCC in this orthotopic murine model. This oncolytic virus holds promise as a novel cancer treatment for recurrent HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Shin EJ, Wanna GB, Choi B, Aguila D, Ebert O, Genden EM, Woo SL. Interleukin-12 expression enhances vesicular stomatitis virus oncolytic therapy in murine squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope 2007; 117:210-4. [PMID: 17204993 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000246194.66295.d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Replication-competent, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been demonstrated to be an effective oncolytic agent in a variety of malignant tumors. Cytokine gene transfer has also been used as immunomodulatory therapy for cancer. To test the use of combining these two approaches, an oncolytic VSV vector (rVSV-IL12) was designed to express the murine interleukin 12 (IL12) gene. This cytokine-carrying oncolytic virus was compared with an analogous noncytokine-carrying fusogenic virus (rVSV-F) in the treatment of murine SCC VII squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING The authors performed in vitro testing of recombinant VSV-F and recombinant VSV-IL12 in SCC cell lines. In vivo testing of multiple direct intratumoral injections of rVSV-F or rVSV-IL12 in an orthotopic floor of mouth murine model was performed. Each cell line was tested using rVSV-F or rVSV-IL12 at multiplicity of infection of 0.01. The ability of each virus to replicate was tested by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction over 48 hours to determine viral copies of RNA. Cell survival was determined by MTT assay over 72 hours. IL12 expression by rVSV-IL12-treated cells was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Both viruses demonstrated similar infection efficiency, viral replication, and cytotoxicity in vitro. In an SCC VII orthotopic floor of mouth model in immunocompetent C3H/HeJ mice, multiple intratumoral injections with each virus caused a significant reduction in tumor volume when compared with saline injections alone. The rVSV-IL12-treated tumors showed a striking reduction in tumor volume when compared with rVSV-F and saline-treated tumors (P < .005). This striking reduction in tumor volume translated into a substantial survival benefit in rVSV-IL12-treated animals. No treatment-related toxicity was observed in either group. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE rVSV-IL12 is a novel oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus that effectively expresses IL12 and significantly enhances the treatment of head and neck murine carcinoma. Such combined oncolytic and immunomodulatory strategies hold promise in the treatment of head and neck cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Shin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Shinozaki K, Ebert O, Suriawinata A, Thung SN, Woo SLC. Prophylactic alpha interferon treatment increases the therapeutic index of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus virotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in immune-competent rats. J Virol 2005; 79:13705-13. [PMID: 16227290 PMCID: PMC1262571 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.79.21.13705-13713.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to substantially attenuated antiviral responses in many tumors. We have recently reported that recombinant VSV vector can be used as an effective oncolytic agent to safely treat multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the livers of immune-competent rats via hepatic artery infusion. When administered at doses above the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), however, the animals suffered from neurotoxicity and/or acute lethal hepatotoxicity. Since VSV is extremely sensitive to the antiviral actions of alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) in normal cells, we tested if prophylactic treatment with rat IFN-alpha would enhance VSV safety without compromising treatment efficacy in tumor-bearing rats. We found that VSV retained its replication potential in human and rat HCC cells after preincubation with relatively high doses of rat and human IFN-alpha in vitro, and its MTD in tumor-bearing rats treated systemically with rat IFN-alpha at 66 IU/g body weight (BW), equivalent to a human IFN-alpha dose that is currently prescribed for patients with viral hepatitis, was elevated by more than 1/2 log unit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that intratumoral replication of VSV was not attenuated by administration of 66 IU/g BW rat IFN-alpha, as tumor response and survival advantage in VSV-treated rats in the presence or absence of rat IFN-alpha were equivalent. The results suggest that prophylactic rat IFN-alpha treatment elevates the therapeutic index of hepatic arterial VSV therapy for multifocal HCC in rats. Since human IFN-alpha is currently in clinical use, its prophylactic application should be considered in future clinical translational protocols for VSV-mediated oncolytic virotherapy as a novel therapeutic modality in patients with advanced HCC, as well as other types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shinozaki
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1496, New York, NY 10029-6574.
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Ebert O, Harbaran S, Shinozaki K, Woo SLC. Systemic therapy of experimental breast cancer metastases by mutant vesicular stomatitis virus in immune-competent mice. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 12:350-8. [PMID: 15565179 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of the limited success of available treatment modalities for metastatic breast cancer, alternative and complementary strategies need to be developed. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a promising novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of recombinant VSV containing the M51R mutation in the matrix (M) protein gene administered intravenously as an effective and safe therapeutic agent for treating mice with experimental breast cancer metastases. Recombinant VSV(M51R)-LacZ was generated and characterized in vitro on human and murine breast cancer cells. Breast cancer metastases were established in immune-competent Balb/c mice by intravenous injection of syngeneic 4T1 cells. The vector was infused into the tumor-bearing animals via the tail vein, and productive infection of pulmonary breast cancer lesions was assessed by X-gal stainings of frozen lung sections. To evaluate potential systemic toxicity, histology of major organs and serum chemistries were analyzed. To assess effectiveness, buffer- or vector-treated tumor-bearing mice were followed for survival and the results were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. We found that VSV(M51R)-LacZ efficiently replicated and lysed human breast cancer cells but was partially attenuated in 4T1 cells in vitro. We also demonstrated that its maximum tolerated dose after intravenous infusion in normal Balb/c mice was elevated by at least 100-fold over that of the parental VSV vector containing the wild-type M gene. When VSV(M51R)-LacZ was repeatedly injected intravenously into mice bearing syngeneic 4T1 tumors, the virus was able to infect multiple breast cancer lesions in the lungs without apparent toxicities, which led to significant prolongation of animal survival (P=.003). In conclusion, systemic administration of M mutant VSV is both effective and safe in the treatment of experimental breast cancer metastases in immune-competent mice, suggesting that further development of this approach may have potential for clinical application in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
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Shinozaki K, Ebert O, Woo SLC. Treatment of multi-focal colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver of immune-competent and syngeneic rats by hepatic artery infusion of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:659-64. [PMID: 15609320 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Viruses that replicate selectively in cancer cells hold considerable promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy. We report an orthotopic model of multi-focal colorectal cancer (CRC) metastases in the livers of syngeneic and immune-competent rats, which permitted rigorous testing of oncolytic virus vectors as novel therapeutic agents through hepatic arterial infusion for efficacy and safety. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to attenuated anti-viral responses in many tumors. After administration at the maximum tolerated dose, the recombinant VSV vector gained access to multi-focal hepatic CRC lesions that led to tumor-selective viral replication and oncolysis. No relevant vector-associated toxicities were noted and in particular, no damage to the hepatic parenchyma was seen. Moreover, the survival rate of vector-treated rats was significantly improved over that of animals in the control treatment group (p = 0.015). Our results demonstrate that hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic VSV is both effective and safe in an immune-competent and syngeneic rat model of multi-focal CRC liver metastasis, suggesting that it can be developed into an effective therapeutic modality in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shinozaki
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Abstract
Viruses that replicate selectively in cancer cells hold considerable promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a nonpathogenic RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to attenuated antiviral responses in many tumors. We report that repeated hepatic arterial infusion of recombinant syncytia-forming VSV vector in advanced multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-bearing rats at a 10-fold reduced vector dose resulted in sustained tumor-selective virus replication until the onset of high-titer neutralizing antibodies in blood. No significant elevations in serum transaminases and liver pathology were noted, indicating a lack of hepatotoxicity. Substantially improved tumor response was achieved with completely necrotic tumor nodules surrounded by mononuclear phagocytic cells, followed by fibrosis and calcification of the lesions, angiogenesis, and regeneration of normal hepatic parenchyma. Survival of tumor-bearing rats treated with repeated vector infusions was not only significantly improved over that of animals after a single injection at 10 times the vector dose (P = .001), but 18% of animals in the former treatment group also achieved long-term and tumor-free survival compared with 0% of animals in the latter treatment group. In conclusion, this treatment regimen will be very useful in the future development of VSV-mediated virotherapy as a novel therapeutic modality for patients with advanced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shinozaki
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Ebert O, Wilbert D, Buttgereit P, Ziske C, Flieger D, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Effects of recombinant adenovirus-mediated expression of IL-2 and IL-12 in human B lymphoma cells on co-cultured PBMC. Genet Vaccines Ther 2004; 2:15. [PMID: 15485577 PMCID: PMC526758 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-2-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Modulation of the immune system by genetically modified lymphoma cell vaccines is of potential therapeutic value in the treatment of B cell lymphoma. However, the anti-tumor effect of any single immunogene transfer has so far been limited. Combination treatment of recombinant IL-2 and IL-12 has been reported to be synergistic for inducing anti-tumor responses in solid tumors but the potential of IL-2/IL-12 gene modified B cell lymphoma cells has not been explored yet. Methods Using three different human B cell lymphoma cell lines and primary samples from patients with B cell neoplasms, expression levels of the coxsackie B-adenovirus receptor (CAR) and alpha (v) integrins were analyzed by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Adenoviral transduction efficiencies were determined by GFP expression analysis and IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine production was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assays. Proliferative activities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with either cytokine derived from supernatants of transduced lymphoma cells were measured by cell proliferation (MTT) assays. An EuTDA cytotoxicity assay was used to compare cytotoxic activities of IL-2 and/or IL-12 stimulated PBMC against unmodified lymphoma cells. Results We found that B cell lymphoma cell lines could be transduced with much higher efficiency than primary tumor samples, which appeared to correlate with the expression of CAR. Adenoviral-expressed IL-2 and IL-12 similarly led to dose-dependent increases in proliferation rates of PBMC obtained from healthy donors. IL-2 and/or IL-12 transduced lymphoma cells were co-cultured with PBMC, which were assayed for their cytolytic activity against unmodified lymphoma cells. We found that IL-2 stimulated PBMC elicited a significant anti-tumor effect but not the combined effect of IL-2/IL-12 or IL-12 alone. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the generation of recombinant adenovirus modified lymphoma cell vaccines based on lymphoma cell lines expressing IL-2 and IL-12 cytokine genes is technically feasible, induces increases in proliferation rates and cytotoxic activity of co-cultured PBMC, and warrants further development for the treatment of lymphoma patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Gene and Cell Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dorothee Wilbert
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Buttgereit
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | - Carsten Ziske
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ingo GH Schmidt-Wolf
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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Shinozaki K, Ebert O, Kournioti C, Tai YS, Woo SLC. Oncolysis of multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat liver by hepatic artery infusion of vesicular stomatitis virus. Mol Ther 2004; 9:368-76. [PMID: 15006603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2003.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2003] [Accepted: 12/09/2003] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy with poor prognosis and few effective treatments, as well as ever-increasing frequencies in the Western world. Viruses that replicate selectively in cancer cells hold considerable promise as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of malignancy. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with intrinsic oncolytic specificity due to significantly attenuated antiviral responses in many tumor cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of VSV, administered via the hepatic artery, as an effective and safe therapeutic agent for treating "multifocal" HCC in the rat liver. Recombinant VSV vector expressing beta-galactosidase (rVSV-beta-gal) was generated by reverse genetics and infused into the hepatic artery of Buffalo rats bearing orthotopically implanted multifocal HCC. Access by the virus to multifocal HCC lesions in the liver, as well as the kinetic profiles of intratumoral viral replication and spread, was established by X-gal staining of liver and tumor sections. Plaque assays were also performed to determine the infectious viral yields in tumor and normal liver tissues. Pharmacotoxicology studies, including serum chemistries and proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as organ histopathology, were performed. Buffer- or vector-treated tumor-bearing rats were followed for survival and the results were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Hepatic arterial infusion of rVSV-beta-gal at the maximum tolerated dose in tumor-bearing rats resulted in efficient viral transduction of multifocal HCC lesions in their livers, tumor-selective viral replication, and extensive oncolysis. Importantly, no significant vector-associated toxicities were noted and, in particular, no damage to the hepatic parenchyma was seen. Finally, survival of vector-treated rats was substantially prolonged over that of animals in the control treatment group (p < 0.028). Thus, hepatic arterial administration of VSV is both effective and safe in an orthotopic animal model of multifocal HCC. The results suggest that oncolytic VSV can be developed into an effective and safe therapeutic modality for patients with multifocal HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Shinozaki
- Carl C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
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Shinozaki K, Ebert O, Kournioti C, Tai YS, Woo SLC. Efficient transduction and oncolysis of multi-focal hepatocellular carcinoma in the rat liver by hepatic arterial infusion with vesicular stomatitis virus. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K. Shinozaki
- C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY
| | - O. Ebert
- C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C. Kournioti
- C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Y.-S. Tai
- C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S. L. C. Woo
- C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, NY
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Ebert O, Shinozaki K, Kournioti C, Park MS, García-Sastre A, Woo SLC. Syncytia Induction Enhances the Oncolytic Potential of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Virotherapy for Cancer. Cancer Res 2004; 64:3265-70. [PMID: 15126368 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) selectively replicates in tumor but not in normal cells and is being developed as an oncolytic agent for cancer therapy. Here we report the construction of a recombinant VSV capable of inducing syncytia formation between tumor cells through membrane fusion at neutral pH, which led to enhanced oncolytic properties against multifocal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the livers of immunocompetent rats. Recombinant VSV vectors were constructed by insertion into their genome a transcription unit expressing a control or fusion protein derived from Newcastle disease virus. In vitro characterization of the recombinant fusogenic VSV vector on human and rat HCC cells showed extensive syncytia formation and significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects. In vivo, administration of fusogenic VSV into the hepatic artery of Buffalo rats bearing syngeneic multifocal HCC lesions in their livers resulted in syncytia formation exclusively within the tumors, and there was no collateral damage to the neighboring hepatic parenchyma. The fusogenic VSV also conferred a significant survival advantage over a nonfusogenic control virus in the treated animals (P = 0.0078, log-rank test). The results suggest that fusogenic VSV can be developed into an effective and safe therapeutic agent for cancer treatment in patients, including those with multifocal HCC in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- Carl C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Huang TG, Ebert O, Shinozaki K, García-Sastre A, Woo SLC. Oncolysis of hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer by recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus in immune-competent mice. Mol Ther 2003; 8:434-40. [PMID: 12946316 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With currently available treatments, patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) have a median survival of 14.8 months and a 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. In recent years, tumor-targeted replicating viruses have rapidly emerged as potential novel oncolytic agents for cancer treatment. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with inherent selectivity for replication in tumor cells due to their attenuated antiviral response. VSV is particularly appealing as an oncolytic agent for its exceptionally rapid replication cycle in tumor cells, whereby it is capable of manifesting its maximal oncolytic effects before the onset of neutralizing antiviral immune responses in the host. In this study, we used a recombinant VSV vector expressing the green fluorescent protein gene (rVSV-GFP) to monitor VSV replication easily in CRC cells. Using this GFP-expressing virus, we found that rVSV-GFP efficiently replicated and lysed murine and human CRC cell lines in vitro. We also evaluated the potential of rVSV-GFP to treat MCA26 CRC metastases implanted orthotopically into the livers of syngeneic BALB/c mice. We provide conclusive evidence that rVSV-GFP is able to replicate extensively in the tumors, but not in normal liver cells, in tumor-bearing mice. A single intratumoral injection also caused extensive tumor necrosis, which led to a significant prolongation of animal survival. Our results indicate that VSV can be an effective and safe oncolytic agent against hepatic CRC metastasis in immune-competent mice and may be developed for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Gui Huang
- Carl C. Icahn Center for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
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Ebert O, Shinozaki K, Huang TG, Savontaus MJ, García-Sastre A, Woo SLC. Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus for treatment of orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma in immune-competent rats. Cancer Res 2003; 63:3605-11. [PMID: 12839948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted replicating viruses are being developed as a novel class of oncolytic agents. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a negative-strand RNA virus with inherent specificity for replication in tumor cells due to their attenuated antiviral responses. VSV as an oncolytic virus is particularly appealing for its exceptionally rapid replication rate in tumor cells, such that the oncolytic effects could be maximally manifested before the onset of potentially neutralizing antiviral immune responses in the host. To easily monitor VSV replication, we have rescued a recombinant VSV (rVSV) vector expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene (rVSV-GFP). Using this GFP-expressing virus, we have demonstrated the oncolytic potential of VSV against human and rat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We found that rVSV-GFP replicated efficiently in cultured human and rat HCC cells, whereas normal human and rat hepatocytes were refractory. When a single dose of the vector was injected intratumorally into large orthotopically implanted HCC in immune-competent rats, rVSV-GFP effectively and selectively replicated throughout the solid tumor mass without apparent hepatotoxicity, caused tumor destruction, and inhibited tumor growth, which led to significant prolongation of animal survival. Our results show that VSV is an effective oncolytic agent against HCC in immune-competent hosts and warrants further development for future therapy in patients with HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Division
- Hepatocytes/virology
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms, Experimental/virology
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred BUF
- Recombination, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/genetics
- Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus/physiology
- Virus Replication
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Ebert
- Carl C. Icahn Institute for Gene Therapy and Molecular Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, USA
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von Lilienfeld-Toal M, Ebert O, Theuerkauf I, Glasmacher A, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Small bowel obstruction in acute myelogenous leukemia: stenosis or paralysis? Ann Hematol 2001; 80:611-3. [PMID: 11732874 DOI: 10.1007/s002770100356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia who suffered a small bowel obstruction on the second day of chemotherapy. The patient had to be operated immediately, and the terminal ileum and a part of the colon was removed. The resected specimen showed leukemic infiltration (chloroma) of the bowel with marked atrophy of the muscular layer. However, there was no complete stenosis. For this reason we believe that the reason for the acute abdominal symptoms on the second day of chemotherapy could be paralysis of the bowel due to muscular atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M von Lilienfeld-Toal
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn, Germany
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Buttgereit P, Schakowski F, Märten A, Brand K, Renoth S, Ziske C, Schöttker B, Ebert O, Schroers R, Schmidt-Wolf IG. Effects of adenoviral wild-type p53 gene transfer in p53-mutated lymphoma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2001; 8:430-9. [PMID: 11498763 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2001] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study assessed the role of adenoviral vector-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer in B lymphoma cells. Deficiency of p53-mediated cell death is common in human cancer contributing to both tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Lymphoma cells are being considered as suitable targets for gene therapy protocols. Recently, we reported an adenoviral protocol leading to highly efficient gene transfer to B lymphoma cells. All lymphoma cell lines (n=5) tested here showed mutations in the p53 gene locus. The aim of this work was to transduce lymphoma cells with the wild-type p53 gene. Using this protocol, 88% of Raji, 75% of Daudi, and 45% of OCI-Ly8-LAM53 cells were transfected with the reporter gene green fluorescent protein at a multiplicity of infection of 200. The expression of green fluorescent protein in CA46 and BL41 cells was 27% and 42%, respectively. At this multiplicity of infection, growth characteristics of lymphoma cell lines were not changed significantly. In contrast, cells transduced with wild-type p53 gene showed an inhibition of proliferation as well as an increase in apoptosis. Cell loss by apoptosis after p53 gene transfer was up to 40% as compared to transduction with an irrelevant vector. In addition, we determined the effects of DNA damage produced by the DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide on wild-type p53 transfected lymphoma cells. In Ad-p53-transfected Raji cells, treatment with the drug resulted in a marked increase of cell loss in comparison to Ad-beta-Gal-transfected cells (45% vs. 77%). Interestingly, performing cytotoxicity studies, we could show an increased sensitivity of Raji and Daudi cells against immunological effector cells. In conclusion, transduction of wild-type p53 into lymphoma cells expressing mutated p53 was efficient and led to inhibition of proliferation and increase in apoptotic rate in some cell lines dependent on p53 mutation. This protocol should have an impact on the use of lymphoma cells in cancer gene therapy protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Buttgereit
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität, Bonn, Germany
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