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Angelino D, Caffrey A, Moore K, Laird E, Moore AJ, Gill CIR, Mena P, Westley K, Pucci B, Boyd K, Mullen B, McCarroll K, Ward M, Strain JJ, Cunningham C, Molloy AM, McNulty H, Del Rio D. Phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones and healthy ageing: Linking dietary factors, nutrient biomarkers, metabolic status and inflammation with cognition in older adults (the VALID project). NUTR BULL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Angelino
- Human Nutrition Unit Department of Veterinary Science University of Parma Parma Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture, and Environment University of Teramo Teramo Italy
| | - A. Caffrey
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - K. Moore
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - E. Laird
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - A. J. Moore
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - C. I. R. Gill
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - P. Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit Department of Food and Drug University of Parma Parma Italy
| | - K. Westley
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - B. Pucci
- School of Geography and Environmental Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - K. Boyd
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - B. Mullen
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - K. McCarroll
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - M. Ward
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - J. J. Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - C. Cunningham
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - A. M. Molloy
- Department of Clinical Medicine School of Medicine Trinity College DublinTrinity Centre for Health Sciences Dublin 8 Ireland
| | - H. McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE) School of Biomedical Sciences Ulster University Coleraine UK
| | - D. Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit Department of Veterinary Science University of Parma Parma Italy
- School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition University of Parma Parma Italy
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Villavicencio M, Larrain E, Rivera F, Melo J, Hurtado M, Mena P, Donoso E, Gajardo F. Lung Transplantation in a Developing Country: Experience, Lessons Learned, and Obstacles in 81 Consecutives Cases. J Heart Lung Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mena P. [A milk bank in Chile]. Rev Chil Pediatr 2014; 85:529-532. [PMID: 25697427 DOI: 10.4067/s0370-41062014000500001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Abstract
Brassica genus includes known horticultural vegetables with major economical importance worldwide, and involves vegetables of economical importance being part of the diet and source of oils for industry in many countries. Brassicales own a broad array of health-promoting compounds, emphasized as healthy rich sources of vitamin C. The adequate management of pre- and postharvest factors including crop varieties, growth conditions, harvesting, handling, storage, and final consumer operations would lead to increase or preserve of the vitamin C content or reduced losses by interfering in the catalysis mechanisms that remains largely unknown, and should be reviewed. Likewise, the importance of the food matrix on the absorption and metabolism of vitamin C is closely related to the range of the health benefits attributed to its intake. However, less beneficial effects were derived when purified compounds were administered in comparison to the ingestion of horticultural products such as Brassicas, which entail a closely relation between this food matrix and the bioavailability of its content in vitamin C. This fact should be here also discussed. These vegetables of immature flowers or leaves are used as food stuffs all over the world and represent a considerable part of both western and non-Western diets, being inexpensive crops widely spread and reachable to all social levels, constituting an important source of dietary vitamin C, which may work synergistically with the wealth of bioactive compounds present in these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- a Phytochemistry Lab. Department of Food Science and Technology , Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CEBAS-CSIC) , Espinardo , Murcia , 30100 , Spain
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Olmo J, Román P, León M, Mena P, Ignatowitz U, Fuentes M, Almagro M, Martínez E, Torres J, Canteras M. Riesgo de fractura osteoporótica mayor y de cadera en pacientes con accidente cerebrovascular en fase aguda: estudio prospectivo multicéntrico. Rev Osteoporos Metab Miner 2014. [DOI: 10.4321/s1889-836x2014000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a potent regulator of inflammation and cell growth. Using the Emu-Myc lymphoma mouse model, we demonstrate that loss of MIF markedly delays the onset of B-cell lymphoma development in vivo. The molecular basis for this MIF-loss-induced phenotype is the perturbed DNA-binding activity of E2F factors and the concomitantly enhanced tumor suppressor activity of the p53 pathway. Accordingly, premalignant MIF-null Emu-Myc B-cells are predisposed to delayed S-phase progression and increased apoptosis. MIF-deficient lymphomas that do arise under these conditions contain frequent ARF deletions and p53 inactivating mutations. Conversely, MIF expression is retained in tumors developed by wild-type Emu-Myc animals, and the presence of one or both MIF alleles is sufficient to accelerate the development of Myc-induced lymphomas. Collectively, these results indicate that MIF promotes Myc-mediated tumorigenesis, at least in the B-lymphoid compartment, and implicate MIF as a mediator of malignant cell growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Talos
- Department of Pathology, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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Lladó A, León L, Valls-Solé J, Mena P, Callejas MA, Peri JM. Changes in the sympathetic skin response after thoracoscopic sympathectomy in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116:1348-54. [PMID: 15978496 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Revised: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether thoracic sympathectomy induced any change in the pattern of abnormalities or in the waveform of the sudomotor skin response (SSR) in patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH). METHODS We recorded the SSR to median nerve electrical stimuli before and after bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy in 27 patients with PPH. We analyzed the changes in amplitude, type of waveform and pattern of abnormality. RESULTS All patients reported symptomatic improvement. The amplitude of the SSR decreased significantly in patients examined within 1 year after surgery, but was not different in patients examined after 1 year. The number of abnormally enhanced responses reduced after surgery, but there was no significant change in the number of patients with enhanced excitability recovery or with double-peak responses to single stimuli. There was a significant increase in the number of SSRs with a predominantly negative waveform after surgery. CONCLUSIONS The persistence of SSR abnormalities after surgery suggests that the central nervous system dysfunction is not modified by sympathectomy. The change of the waveform to predominantly negative type after surgery could be the consequence of the decrease in the production of sweating. SIGNIFICANCE Our results show the effects of sympathectomy on the SSR and on its abnormal patterns in patients with PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lladó
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Abstract
The need to improve the nutritional status of extremely low birth weight infants has resulted in a higher incidence of problems related to glucose intolerance. The inability of the newborn to inhibit gluconeogenesis in response to a glucose infusion has been postulated as an important determinant of the hyperglycemia observed in extremely low birth weight infants. The 2 proposed mechanisms to explain this finding include inappropriate secretion of insulin by the pancreas and decrease sensitivity of the liver to the gluco-regulatory effect of insulin. The capacity of extremely low birth weight infants to oxidize glucose at higher rates, and the positive effect that insulin may have in glucose utilization and tolerance, support the use of insulin in the prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia. Continuous infusion of insulin appears to be safe for the treatment of hyperglycemia, based on the available studies. However, the effectiveness of insulin treatment needs to be critically tested further before it can be implemented in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Hospital Dr. Sótero del Rio and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago
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O'Connor DL, Hall R, Adamkin D, Auestad N, Castillo M, Connor WE, Connor SL, Fitzgerald K, Groh-Wargo S, Hartmann EE, Jacobs J, Janowsky J, Lucas A, Margeson D, Mena P, Neuringer M, Nesin M, Singer L, Stephenson T, Szabo J, Zemon V. Growth and development in preterm infants fed long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics 2001; 108:359-71. [PMID: 11483801 DOI: 10.1542/peds.108.2.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A randomized, masked, controlled trial was conducted to assess effects of supplementing premature infant formulas with oils containing the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4 n6), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 n3) on growth, visual acuity, and multiple indices of development. METHODS Infants (N = 470) with birth weights 750 to 1800 g were assigned within 72 hours of the first enteral feeding to 1 of 3 formula groups with or without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: 1) control (N = 144), 2) AA+DHA from fish/fungal oil (N = 140), and 3) AA+DHA from egg-derived triglyceride (egg-TG)/fish oil (N = 143). Infants were fed human milk and/or Similac Special Care with or without 0.42% AA and 0.26% DHA to term corrected age (CA), then fed human milk or NeoSure with or without 0.42% AA and 0.16% DHA to 12 months' CA. Infants fed exclusively human milk to term CA (EHM-T; N = 43) served as a reference. RESULTS Visual acuity measured by acuity cards at 2, 4, and 6 months' CA was not different among groups. Visual acuity measured by swept-parameter visual-evoked potentials in a subgroup from 3 sites (45 control, 50 AA+DHA [fish/fungal]; 39 AA+DHA [egg-TG/fish]; and 23 EHM-T) was better in both the AA+DHA (fish/fungal; least square [LS] means [cycle/degree] +/- standard error [SE; octaves] 11.4 +/- 0.1) and AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish; 12.5 +/- 0.1) than control (8.4 +/- 0.1) and closer to that of the EHM-T group (16.0 +/- 0.2) at 6 months' CA. Visual acuity improved from 4 to 6 months' CA in all but the control group. Scores on the Fagan test of novelty preference were greater in AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish; LS means +/- SE, 59.4 +/- 7.7) than AA+DHA (fish/fungal; 57.0 +/- 7.5) and control (57.5 +/- 7.4) at 6 months' CA, but not at 9 months' CA. There were no differences in the Bayley Mental Development Index at 12 months' CA. However, the Bayley motor development index was higher for AA+DHA (fish/fungal; LS means +/- SE, 90.6 +/- 4.4) than control (81.8 +/- 4.3) for infants </=1250 g. When Spanish-speaking infants and twins were excluded from the analyses, the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory revealed that control infants (LS means +/- SE, 94.1 +/- 2.9) had lower vocabulary comprehension at 14 months' CA than AA+DHA (fish/fungal) infants (100.6 +/- 2.9) or AA+DHA (egg-TG/fish) infants (102.2 +/- 2.8). There were no consistent differences in weight, length, head circumference, or anthropometric gains. CONCLUSION These results showed a benefit of supplementing formulas for premature infants with AA and DHA from either a fish/fungal or an egg-TG/fish source from the time of first enteral feeding to 12 months' CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L O'Connor
- Ross Products Division, Abbott Labs, Columbus, Ohio, USA. deborah_l.o'
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Uauy R, Mena P, Peirano P. Mechanisms for nutrient effects on brain development and cognition. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Clin Perform Programme 2001; 5:41-70; discussion 70-2. [PMID: 11510447 DOI: 10.1159/000061845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Lipids are structural components of all tissues and are indispensable for cell membrane synthesis. The brain, retina, and other neural tissues are particularly rich in LCPUFAs, affecting neural structural development and function. LCPUFAs serve also as specific precursors for eicosanoid production (prostaglandins, prostacyclins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes). These autocrine and paracrine mediators are powerful regulators of numerous cell and tissue functions (e.g., thrombocyte aggregation, inflammatory reactions, and leukocyte functions, vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, blood pressure, bronchial constriction, uterine contraction). Dietary lipid intake affects cholesterol metabolism at an early age and is associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in later life. Over recent years, the role of fatty acids in modulating signal transduction and regulating gene expression have been described, emphasizing the complex of fatty acid effects. Dietary fatty acids, especially LCPUFA, can have significant effects in the modulation of developmental processes affecting the clinical outcomes of extremely premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are structural components of all tissues and are indispensable for cell membrane synthesis; the brain, retina and other neural tissues are particularly rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). These fatty acids serve as specific precursors for eicosanoids that regulate numerous cell and organ functions. Results from animal and recent human studies support the essential nature of n-3 EFA in addition to the well-established role of n-6 EFA for human subjects, particularly in early life. The most significant effects relate to neural development and maturation of sensory systems. Recent studies using stable-isotope-labelled tracers demonstrate that even preterm infants are able to form arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but that synthesis is extremely low. Intracellular fatty acids or their metabolites regulate transcriptional activation of gene expression during adipocyte differentiation, and retinal and nervous system development. Regulation of gene expression by LCPUFA occurs at the transcriptional level and is mediated by nuclear transcription factors activated by fatty acids. These nuclear receptors are part of the steroid hormone receptor family. Two types of polyunsaturated fatty acid responsive transcription factors have been characterized, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and the hepatic nuclear factor 4alpha. DHA also has significant effects on photoreceptor membranes involved in the signal transduction process, rhodopsin activation, and rod and cone development. Comprehensive clinical studies have shown that dietary supplementation with marine oil or single-cell oils, sources of LCPUFA, results in increased blood levels of DHA and AA, as well as an associated improvement in visual function in formula-fed premature infants to match that of human milk-fed infant. Recent clinical trials convincingly support LCPUFA supplementation of preterm infant formulations and possibly term formula to mimic human milk composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth on the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCP) synthesis from dietary precursors in neonates as reflected by plasma pools. These have been considered conditionally essential nutrients for normal growth, sensory maturation, and neurodevelopment. In vivo elongation/desaturation of deuterated d5-linoleic acid (d5-LA) to form arachidonic acid (AA), and d5-alpha-linolenic acid (d5-LNA) to form docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), was studied in 19 preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) infants, 11 AGA term, and 11 intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) infants. They received a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight of d5-LA and d5-LNA enterally during the first days of life; d5-labeled derivatized fatty acids were determined in blood samples obtained at 24, 48, and 96 h after dosing. Lipids were extracted and fatty acids analyzed by gas chromatography and negative ion mass spectrometry. Mean concentrations, microg/mL, and d5/d0 for n-3 and n-6 precursor and products were computed at various times and were also integrated over the complete study period. Significantly higher time-integrated concentration of d5-AA and d5-DHA were observed in preterm infants relative to the other two groups. Time-integrated enrichment of DHA relative to LNA was 100-fold lower in preterms, 410-fold lower in term, and 27-fold lower in IUGR infants. Similar significant declines in product to precursor enrichments were noted for the n-6 series. A significant negative correlation of AA and DHA formation based on time-integrated d5/d0 ratios with gestational age was noted; product/ precursor enrichment versus gas chromatography for the n-6 series had an r of -0.5, p = 0.001, and for the n-3 series had an r of -0.6, p = 0.0001. Birth weight or weight adequacy did not add further strength to the relationship. We conclude that LCP formation from deuterated precursors occurs as early as 26 wk gestation, and in fact is more active at earlier gestational ages; growth retardation appears to slow down or diminish LCP formation. No quantitative estimates of LCP synthesis or nutritional sufficiency can be derived from these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago
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Abstract
Essential fatty acids (EFA) are the indispensable component of the lipid supply beyond the provision of energy as a fuel for oxidation. They serve as dietary precursors for the formation of prostanoids and other eicosanoids thus are of great significance in health and modulation of disease conditions. Eicosanoids are powerful autocrine and paracrine regulators of cell and tissue functions: thrombocyte aggregation, inflammatory reactions and leukocyte functions, vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, blood pressure, bronchial constriction, and uterine contraction. Recent attention has focused on the effect of n-3 and n-6 long chain EFAs in normal fetal development. Results from human infant studies suggest that n-3 fatty acids are needed for optimal development of visual and brain function. Human milk is the best and only time proven source of fat and dietary essential fatty acids for infant feeding. International recommendations for n-3 and n-6 EFA dietary intake are reviewed and suggested intakes for long chain EFAs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago
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18
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Abstract
Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids have demonstrable beneficial effects on early development. The effects on neural development are of particular interest. Human milk is the best and only time-proven source of fat and essential fatty acids in the infant diet. Technologic procedures based on chemical and physical separation of the unsaturated fatty acids have permitted the isolation of concentrated sources of docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid for clinical use. Virtually all infant formulas in developed countries have increased the levels of gamma-linolenic acid, and several manufacturers in Europe and in Japan have added docosahexaenoic acid, or docosahexaenoic acid plus arachidonic acid, or have also included gamma-linolenic acid in formulas for preterm and term infants. The efficacy of this practice for preterm infants seems fairly well established. The use of stable isotope methods to evaluate biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from dietary precursors may help to better define optimal amounts and relationships of fatty acids in infant formula.
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Gray RH, Simpson JL, Bitto AC, Queenan JT, Li C, Kambic RT, Perez A, Mena P, Barbato M, Stevenson W, Jennings V. Sex ratio associated with timing of insemination and length of the follicular phase in planned and unplanned pregnancies during use of natural family planning. Hum Reprod 1998; 13:1397-400. [PMID: 9647580 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/13.5.1397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This was a multicentred, prospective study of pregnancies among women using natural family planning. The women maintained natural family planning charts of the conception cycle, recording acts of intercourse and signs of ovulation (cervical mucus changes, including peak day and basal body temperature). Charts were used to assess the most probable day of insemination relative to the day of ovulation and length of the follicular phase of the cycle. The sex ratio (males per 100 females) for 947 singleton births was 101.5, not significantly different from the expected value of 105. The sex ratio did not vary consistently or significantly with the estimated timing of insemination relative to the day of ovulation, with the estimated length of the follicular phase or with the planned or unplanned status of the pregnancy. Although these findings may be affected by imprecision of the data, the study suggests that manipulation of the timing of insemination during the cycle cannot be used to affect the sex of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Gray
- Department of Population Dynamics, School of Hygiene and Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Mena P, Bitto A, Barbato M, Perez A, Gray RH, Simpson JL, Queenan JT, Kambic RT, Pardo F, Stevenson W, Tagliabue G, Jennings V, Li C. Pregnancy complications in natural family planning users. Adv Contracept 1997; 13:229-37. [PMID: 9288340 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006560123036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A multicenter cohort study was designed to assess pregnancy outcome among natural family planning (NFP) users, and provide the opportunity to address complications in NFP users by planning status and by timing of conception with respect to day of ovulation. There were 877 singleton births in this sample. Complications evaluated were abnormal vaginal bleeding, urinary tract infection, vaginal infection, hypertension of pregnancy, proteinuria, glycosuria, and anemia. There was no significant difference in the mean age, number of prenatal visits or birth weight among optimally and non-optimally timed pregnancies or for planned and unplanned pregnancies. There were higher incidences of "parity 2 or more" and current smokers in the non-optimally timed pregnancies and lower incidences of prior pregnancy loss and "currently employed" in the non-optimally timed pregnancies. There was little difference in pregnancy complications with respect to pregnancy timing, with the exception of a significant increased risk of vaginal bleeding late in pregnancy among non-optimally timed conceptions (11.5%) compared to optimally timed pregnancies (5.2%, RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.3-3.7). More differences were observed in pregnancy complication rates by planning status. Unplanned pregnancies were associated with significantly more late pregnancy bleeding, vaginal infections, proteinuria, glycosuria and medication use than planned pregnancies. Unplanned pregnancies had lower incidences of maternal anemia. Complications of pregnancy were low in this NFP population, irrespective of planned versus unplanned status. Women with planned pregnancies had even fewer complications during pregnancy than women with unplanned conceptions, suggesting that women using NFP to plan their reproduction may be at particularly low risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Barbato M, Bitto A, Gray RH, Simpson JL, Queenan JT, Kambic RT, Perez A, Mena P, Pardo F, Stevenson W, Tagliabue G, Jennings V, Li C. Effects of timing of conception on birth weight and preterm delivery of natural family planning users. Adv Contracept 1997; 13:215-28. [PMID: 9288339 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006508106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Various birth defects and untoward perinatal outcomes have been claimed to be associated with pregnancies conceived by gametes aged in vivo before fertilization. Thus, these outcomes were systematically assessed in pregnancies occurring in natural family planning (NFP) users. Our international multicenter cohort study of NFP pregnancies (n = 877) is by far the largest systematic study designed to assess pregnancy outcome and is of sufficient power to allow us to address the concern of low birth weight (< 2500 g) and preterm delivery (< 37 weeks gestation). STUDY DESIGN In addition to gathering baseline medical data, evaluation was performed at 16 weeks, 32 weeks and at term. Data were collected in a systematic cohort fashion, verified by the five collaborating international recruiting centers, and analyzed by investigators in the US. Most recruiting center principal investigators are obstetrician-gynecologists and, if not, have integral relationships with such specialists. Standard criteria could thus be applied within and among centers. In our cohort, birth weight was recorded accurately at delivery. Almost all of the deliveries occurred in hospitals; thus, data should be quite reliable. Neonatal examination for anomalies was usually conducted immediately after delivery, when birth weight was recorded. RESULTS Analysis of risk factors for low birth weight and preterm delivery showed that this population had a low risk profile. Low birth weight infants (< 2500 g) and preterm deliveries were increased among women with a history of either prior low birth weight or preeclampsia in the index pregnancy. However, mean birth weight was unaffected by the timing of conception vis à vis ovulation or pregnancy history. Mean birth weight for the 877 singleton NFP pregnancies was 3349.6 g. The risk of preterm delivery was increased among older women who drank alcohol, but there were no significant effects of timing of conception vis à vis ovulation on preterm delivery. Results held when analysis was stratified according to whether NFP was being used for contraception or to achieve pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Our data do not appear to show striking differences between 877 NFP pregnancies and the general obstetric population. The timing of conception vis à vis ovulation does not exert significant effects on the birth weight or preterm delivery of resulting pregnancies, a reassuring finding for NFP users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barbato
- Centro Ambrosiano Metodi Naturali CAMEN Milan, Italy
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Simpson JL, Gray RH, Perez A, Mena P, Barbato M, Castilla EE, Kambic RT, Pardo F, Tagliabue G, Stephenson WS, Bitto A, Li C, Jennings VH, Spieler JM, Queenan JT. Pregnancy outcome in natural family planning users: cohort and case-control studies evaluating safety. Adv Contracept 1997; 13:201-14. [PMID: 9288338 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006556022127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Conceptions involving aging gametes are of relevance to natural family planning (NFP) because women using NFP to avoid pregnancy abstain from intercourse during the fertile time of the cycle. To help verify the safety of pregnancies occurring among NFP practitioners, our group has, since 1986, conducted a large cohort study involving six experienced NFP centers. Timing of conception was determined from NFP charts, in which women recorded days on which intercourse occurred. The number of days from the most probable conception intercourse to probable day of ovulation was first determined, and used as an estimate of the time gametes remained in the genital tract before fertilization. Several studies have already been completed, cohort as well as case-control in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Simpson
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bitto A, Gray RH, Simpson JL, Queenan JT, Kambic RT, Perez A, Mena P, Barbato M, Li C, Jennings V. Adverse outcomes of planned and unplanned pregnancies among users of natural family planning: a prospective study. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:338-43. [PMID: 9096531 PMCID: PMC1381002 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.87.3.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine prospectively whether unplanned pregnancies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes among users of natural family planning. METHODS Women who became pregnant while using natural family planning were identified in five centers worldwide: there were 373 unplanned and 367 planned pregnancies in this cohort. The subjects were followed up at 16 and 32 weeks' gestation and after delivery. The risks of spontaneous abortion, low birth-weight, and preterm birth were estimated after adjustment by logistic regression. RESULTS The women with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to be at the extremes of age, to report more medical problems before and during the index pregnancy, and to seek antenatal care later in gestation than the women with planned pregnancies. However, women with planned pregnancies reported a higher rate of spontaneous abortion in previous pregnancies (28.8%) than did women with unplanned pregnancies (12.9%). There were no significant differences in the rates of spontaneous abortion, low birthweight, or preterm birth between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS No increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes was observed among women who experienced an unplanned pregnancy while using natural family planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bitto
- School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md 21205-2179, USA
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24
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Cordero R, Ortiz A, Hernández R, López V, Gómez MM, Mena P. Hepatic and erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity in liver diseases. Rev Esp Fisiol 1996; 52:167-72. [PMID: 8974152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic and erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase activity, together with malondialdehyde levels, were determined as indicators of peroxidation in 83 patients from whom liver biopsies had been taken for diagnostic purposes. On histological study, the patients were classified into groups as minimal changes (including normal liver), steatosis, alcoholic hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, light to moderately active chronic hepatitis, and severe chronic active hepatitis. The glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes showed no significant changes in any liver disease group. In the hepatic study, an increased activity was observed in steatosis with respect to the minimal changes group, this increased activity induced by the toxic agent in the initial stages of the alcoholic hepatic disease declining as the hepatic damage progressed. There was a negative correlation between the levels of hepatic malondialdehyde and hepatic glutathione peroxidase in subjects with minimal changes. This suggested the existence of an oxidative equilibrium in this group. This equilibrium is broken in the liver disease groups as was manifest in a positive correlation between malondialdehyde and glutathione peroxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cordero
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Sebastian, Badajoz, Spain
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25
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Simpson JL, Gray RH, Queenan JT, Barbato M, Perez A, Mena P, Kambic RT, Pardo F, Stevenson W, Li C, Jennings V. Further evidence that infection is an infrequent cause of first trimester spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 1996; 11:2058-60. [PMID: 8921090 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous cohort study found no clinical evidence that infection occurred more often in subjects experiencing pregnancy loss compared with those experiencing successful pregnancy [Simpson et al. (1996) Hum. Reprod., 11, 668-672]. Given these surprising findings, we conducted a similar analysis on another cohort also followed prospectively. Using couples practising natural family planning for conception or contraception, information on clinical evidence of infection was gathered beginning with week 5 of gestation. Information on fever and signs of overt infection was specifically sought by interview and physical examination. Frequencies of urinary, vaginal and other infections in subjects experiencing pregnancy loss were 11.1, 9.5 and 8.7% respectively, not significantly different from rates in subjects having liveborns (10.1, 10.2 and 10.3% respectively). Thus, no association between clinical infection and early pregnancy loss (< or = 16 weeks) was observed. Cohort studies utilizing biologically based assays are awaited because extant data do not provide evidence that clinically evident infections play major roles in first trimester pregnancy losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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26
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To reports changes in plasma levels in professional racing cyclists. METHODS Plasma levels of the intracellular enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were measured resting and after exercise in professional cyclists participating in two road races: Vuelta Ciclista a Valencia (800 km, beginning of the cyclist season), and the top rank race Vuelta a España (2700 km, at the end of cyclist season). RESULTS A significant increase in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was observed at the end of the race over the corresponding paired start values (P < 0.05). The increase in plasma lactate dehydrogenase after the race was only statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the Vuelta a España. The longer the duration of the cycle tour race, the greater were the increases in aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels. The high levels returned to their start values during the overnight resting period. CONCLUSIONS The presence of these enzymes in the blood is probably due to mechanically damaged muscle cells leaking their contents into the interstitial fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Departmento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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27
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Abstract
The basis for n-3 fatty acid essentially in humans includes not only biochemical evidence but functional measures associated with n-3 deficiency in human and nonhuman primates. Functional development of the retina and the occipital cortex are affected by alpha-linolenic acid deficiency and by a lack of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in preterm infant formulas and, as reported more recently, in term diets. Functional effects of n-3 supply on sleep-wake cycles and heart rate rhythms support the need for dietary n-3 fatty acids during early development. Our results indicate that n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids should be considered provisionally essential for infant nutrition. DHA may also be required by individuals with inherited metabolic defects in elongation and desaturation activity, such as patients with peroxisomal disorders and some forms of retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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28
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Salem N, Wegher B, Mena P, Uauy R. Arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:49-54. [PMID: 8552667 PMCID: PMC40176 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.1.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming clear that an adequate level of long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids in the nervous system is required for optimal function and development; however, the ability of infants to biosynthesize long-chain fatty acids is unknown. This study explores the capacity of human infants to convert 18-carbon essential fatty acids to their elongated and desaturated forms, in vivo. A newly developed gas chromatography/negative chemical ionization/mass spectrometry method employing 2H-labeled essential fatty acids allowed assessment of this in vivo conversion with very high sensitivity and selectivity. Our results demonstrate that human infants have the capacity to convert dietary essential fatty acids administered enterally as 2H-labeled ethyl esters to their longer-chain derivatives, transport them to plasma, and incorporate them into membrane lipids. The in vivo conversion of linoleic acid (18:2n6) to arachidonic acid (20:4n6) is demonstrated in human beings. All elongases/desaturases necessary for the conversion of linolenic acid (18:3n3) to docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) are also active in the first week after birth. Although the absolute amounts of n-3 fatty acid metabolites accumulated in plasma are greater than those of the n-6 family, estimates of the endogenous pools of 18:2n6 and 18:3n3 indicate that n-6 fatty acid conversion rates are greater than those of the n-3 family. While these data clearly demonstrate the capability of infants to biosynthesize 22:6n3, a lipid that is required for optimal neural development, the amounts produced in vivo from 18:3n3 may be inadequate to support the 22:6n3 level observed in breast-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Salem
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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29
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30
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Jimeno B, Zubeldia MA, Gómez MG, Campillo JE, Mena P. HDL-cholesterol increase associated to triglycerides degradation in vitro. Rev Esp Fisiol 1995; 51:101-4. [PMID: 8532949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The effect of muscle tissue from rats trained by swimming on the extracellular degradation of triglyceride (TG) rich particles has been studied in vitro. During incubation, there is a progressive decline of the TG concentration in the incubation medium. At the end of the incubation period (90 min), a significantly reduction in the TG levels (p < 0.05) is associated with a significant increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level (p < 0.005). There are no significant changes in total cholesterol levels. The correlation of the TG decline with the HDL-cholesterol increase is significant (r = 0.695, p < 0.05, n = 25). The experimental model used here could be of great interest for the in vitro study of factors affecting lipid levels in plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jimeno
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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31
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Gray RH, Simpson JL, Kambic RT, Queenan JT, Mena P, Perez A, Barbato M. Timing of conception and the risk of spontaneous abortion among pregnancies occurring during the use of natural family planning. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 172:1567-72. [PMID: 7755073 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to ascertain the effects of timing of conception on the risk of spontaneous abortion. STUDY DESIGN To assess these effects, women who conceived while using natural family planning were identified in five centers worldwide between 1987 and 1993. Timing of conception was determined from 868 natural family planning charts that recorded day of intercourse and indices of ovulation (cervical mucus peak obtained according to the ovulation method and/or basal body temperature). Conceptions on days - 1 or 0 with respect to the natural family planning estimated day of ovulation were considered to be "optimally timed," and all other conceptions were considered as "non-optimally timed." The rate of spontaneous abortions per 100 pregnancies was examined in relation to timing of conception, ages, reproductive history, and other covariates with bivariate and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS There were 88 spontaneous abortions among 868 pregnancies (10.1%). The spontaneous abortion rate was similar for 361 optimally timed conceptions (9.1%) and 507 non-optimally timed conceptions (10.9%). However, among 171 women who had experienced a spontaneous abortion in a prior pregnancy, the rate of spontaneous abortion in the index pregnancy was significantly higher with non-optimally timed conceptions (22.6%) as compared with optimally timed conceptions (7.3%). This association was not observed among 697 women with no history of pregnancy loss. The adjusted relative risk of spontaneous abortion among women with non-optimally timed conceptions and a history of pregnancy loss was 2.35 (95% confidence intervals 1.42 to 3.89). The excess risk of spontaneous abortion was observed with both preovulatory and postovulatory conceptions. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there is no excess risk of spontaneous abortion among the pregnancies conceived during natural family planning use. However, among women with a history of pregnancy loss, there is an increased risk of spontaneous abortion associated with preovulatory or postovulatory delayed conceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H Gray
- Department of Population Dynamics, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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32
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Uauy-Dagach R, Mena P. Nutritional role of omega-3 fatty acids during the perinatal period. Clin Perinatol 1995; 22:157-75. [PMID: 7781250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is now clear evidence that dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acid is essential for normal eye and brain development. Corn oil-based diets induce omega-3 deficiency in preterm infants, affecting retinal responses to light, cortical visual evoked potentials, and behavioral measures of visual acuity. Preterm infants require docosahexanoic acid (DHA) because they are unable to form sufficient quantities from precursors provided by soy oil-based formula products. Human milk provides an ideal source of essential fatty acids for premature infants. There is increasing evidence that premature infant formulas containing vegetable oils should be supplemented with long-chain EFAs to promote optimal retinal and cortical visual development.
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MESH Headings
- Brain/embryology
- Eye/embryology
- Fatty Acids, Essential/deficiency
- Fatty Acids, Essential/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/metabolism
- Fatty Acids, Omega-3/physiology
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism
- Female
- Food, Fortified
- Humans
- Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
- Infant, Newborn/metabolism
- Infant, Newborn/physiology
- Infant, Premature/metabolism
- Infant, Premature/physiology
- Parenteral Nutrition
- Pregnancy/metabolism
- Pregnancy/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy-Dagach
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, University of Chile, Santiago
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33
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Abstract
Humans are unable to synthesize linoleic acid (LA) (18:2 omega-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) (18:3 omega-3). Most formulas provide ample LA, yet infants are at risk for omega-3 deficiency unless they are fed human milk. Neonates born at 30 weeks received human milk or were randomized to three formulas: formula A, based on corn oil, similar to old commercial formula; formula B, based on soy oil supplied LNA; or formula C, a product similar to B with added marine oil to provide docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega-3). The fatty acids of plasma and red blood cells had marked diet-induced differences. The rod photo-receptor tests demonstrated higher threshold and decreased sensitivity in the omega-3-deficient infants. Visual acuity also showed improved function of the brain cortex in the human milk and group C infants at follow-up at 57 weeks. These results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids are needed for optimal development of visual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Uauy-Dagach
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago
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34
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Simpson JL, Gray RH, Queenan JT, Barbato M, Perez A, Mena P, Stevenson WS, Pardo F, Kambic RT. Risk of recurrent spontaneous abortion for pregnancies discovered in the fifth week of gestation. Lancet 1994; 344:964. [PMID: 7934381 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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35
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Maynar M, Caballero MJ, Mena P, Rodríguez C, Cortés R, Maynar JI. Urine excretion of androgen hormones in professional racing cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1994; 68:200-4. [PMID: 8039515 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed on 16 professional racing cyclists to examine changes in urine concentrations of androgen hormones (testosterone, epitestosterone, androsterone, etiocholanolone, 11-hydroxy-androsterone and 11-hydroxy-etiocholanolone) and plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) after training and after competition. The urinary concentrations of androgen hormones decreased during the period of training and increased during competition, this being the reverse of what happened to SHBG plasma concentrations. These changes would suggest that physical activity may have an influence on the elimination of androgen hormones and on the synthesis of its transporting protein SHBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maynar
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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36
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Mena P, Maynar M, Moreno JM, Gutiérrez JM, Campillo JE. [Hyperkalemia and its electrocardiographic consequences in professional cyclists at the end of a bicycle race]. Rev Esp Fisiol 1993; 49:55-58. [PMID: 8378578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The plasma potassium levels were measured in 15 cyclists during the "Vuelta Ciclista al País Valenciano" (700 km, 6 days), both at the start and at the end of the last stage. Plasma potassium levels increased from 4.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/l (resting) to 7.3 +/- 3.2 mmol/l at the end of the stage. The increase in plasma potassium levels was related to changes in other plasma electrolyte levels and it led to electrocardiographic T wave and QRS abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, España
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37
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Vela P, Ferrer R, Mena P, Riquelme J, Silva S. [Cesarean section. Round table]. Rev Chil Obstet Ginecol 1993; 58:257-261. [PMID: 7991841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Vela
- Departamento Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Sótero del Río
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38
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Abstract
Iron nutrition was measured in 84 low-birth-weight infants. At birth, they were assigned to three groups: preterm infants appropriate for gestational age (n = 29); preterm infants small for gestational age (n = 17); and full-term infants small for gestational age (n = 38). A sub-sample of infants was supplemented with iron 3 mg/kg from two to four months of age. At birth, preterm appropriate-for-gestational-age infants had a lower hemoglobin concentration than full-term small-for-gestational-age infants (p < 0.01) and a higher serum ferritin than preterm small-for-gestational-age infants (p < 0.05). In the non-supplemented group, full-term small-for-gestational-age infants had significantly higher hemoglobin concentrations at four months of age. At this age, iron-supplemented preterm infants appropriate or small for gestational age had significantly higher hemoglobin levels than non-supplemented subjects, while iron supplementation did not have an effect on final hemoglobin concentration in full-term small-for-gestational-age infants. We conclude that preterm infants, irrespective of their adequacy for gestational age, show evidence of iron deficiency before four months of age. Full-term infants do not develop iron deficiency up to this age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Olivares
- Hematology Unit, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago
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39
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Caballero MJ, Mena P, Maynar M. Changes in sex hormone binding globulin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and plasma lipids in male cyclists during training and competition. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1992; 64:9-13. [PMID: 1735419 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed on 13 professional race-cyclists to examine changes in sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum lipid concentrations after training and after competition. While SHBG, total cholesterol and phospholipids increased and free fatty acids (FFA) decreased significantly during training, HDL-C and FFA increased and SHBG and triglycerides (TG) decreased significantly during the competition period. These latter changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins were assumed to be a direct effect of utilisation of muscle and plasma TG as fuels for exertion occurring only in extreme exercise. Changes in SHBG concentrations indicated that they were dependent on the conditions of the physical effort and could be related not only to the concentrations of androgens but also to the reduction in body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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40
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Simpson JL, Gray RH, Queenan JT, Kambic RT, Pérez A, Mena P, Barbato M, Pardo F, Tagliabue G, Bitto A. Fetal outcome among pregnancies in natural family planning acceptors: an international cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991; 165:1981-2. [PMID: 1755452 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This international, multicenter, prospective cohort study examines the outcome of pregnancies associated with aging gametes. Comparing pregnancies conceived at or near the peak mucus phase with those occurring before or after the peak provides a means of evaluating the effect of aging gametes. The outcome criteria are (1) rates of spontaneous abortion, (2) low birth weight, and (3) congenital malformations. Preliminary analysis shows a trend toward increased spontaneous abortion with aging gametes in certain subsets (women with prior pregnancy losses) but no effect on birth weight. Too few method failures have yet been studied to make a definitive statement on congenital malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163
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41
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Moya F, Mena P, Foradori A, Becerra M, Inzunza A, Germain A. Effect of maternal administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone on the preterm fetal pituitary-thyroid axis. J Pediatr 1991; 119:966-71. [PMID: 1960619 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3476(05)83057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the response of preterm fetuses to maternal intravenous injection of 400 micrograms of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) between 30 minutes and 5 hours before delivery (n = 12). An additional seven mothers received saline solution and served as control subjects. There were no statistically significant differences in gestational age, birth weight, or Apgar scores between groups. At delivery, concentrations of maternal thyrotropin were elevated in the TRH group compared with the control group (12.0 +/- 1.6 vs 5.6 +/- 0.5 mU/L; p less than 0.005); however, maternal triiodothyronine (T3) values remained unchanged. Significant elevations of fetal thyrotropin and T3 were observed after maternal administration of TRH compared with control subjects (45.8 +/- 7.7 vs 8.4 +/- 0.9 mU/L (p less than 0.002) and 1.3 +/- 0.07 vs 0.7 +/- 0.04 nmol/L or 87 +/- 5 vs 49 +/- 3 ng/dl (p less than 0.001), respectively). Fetal thyroxine (T4) and prolactin values were also elevated after exposure to TRH (135 +/- 5 vs 86 +/- 10 nmol/L or 10.5 +/- 0.4 vs 6.7 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl (p less than 0.001) and 212 +/- 31 vs 105 +/- 28 micrograms/L (p less than 0.05), respectively). Two hours after birth, a significant increase in T3 but not T4 levels was observed in both groups of infants. These data indicate that fetal exposure to a single dose of TRH via maternal administration of this hormone results in marked stimulation of the preterm fetal pituitary-thyroid axis, as in the fetus at term, and that this treatment does not inhibit the early postnatal surge of T3.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Moya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9063
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42
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Mena P, Maynar M, Gutierrez JM, Maynar J, Timon J, Campillo JE. Erythrocyte free radical scavenger enzymes in bicycle professional racers. Adaptation to training. Int J Sports Med 1991; 12:563-6. [PMID: 1797698 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1024734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the influence of endurance training on the activities of the scavenger enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) measured in erythrocytes from sedentary subjects, amateur bicycle racers and in professional bicycle racers who were cycling in two real cyclist contests including the top-class race Vuelta a España (VCE). Under resting conditions the SOD activity was higher (p less than 0.01) in cyclists than in controls. The activities of CAT and GSH-Px were higher (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) under resting conditions in professional cyclists versus measured both in sedentary subjects and amateur cyclists. The enzyme activities were not modified significantly in professional cyclists after a bout of exercise of 22 km in 5 hrs, but the SOD activity was increased (p less than 0.05) and CAT activity reduced (p less than 0.05) after 2800 km in 20 days (VCE). The present results shown that aerobic endurance training, when at a professional level, produces an increase in the erythrocyte activities of the main free radicals scavenger enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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43
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Lobo-Sotomayor G, Mena P, Wolff C, Náquira N, Blanco G, Armas-Merino R, Donoso G, Sabarots C. Hepato-splenic distribution of 99Tcm-phytate and hepato-enteric distribution of 99Tcm-DISIDA in mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage. Nucl Med Commun 1991; 12:993-6. [PMID: 1754158 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-199111000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The hepato-enteric distribution of 99Tcm-labelled DISIDA and the hepato-splenic distribution of 99Tcm-labelled phytate were studied in controls and in mice with carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage. The test group animals showed a diminished excretion of DISIDA to intestine with retention of this tracer in the liver and an increased splenic uptake of phytate. No changes in the hepatic uptake of phytate were found. The joint evaluation of both tracers in the study of diffuse liver disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lobo-Sotomayor
- Unidade de Medicina Nuclear, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Hospital San Jan de Dios
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Otero A, Mena P, García Ortega P, González Martín FJ. [Incidence of influenza episodes at a health care center]. Aten Primaria 1991; 8:66. [PMID: 1912215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Mena P, Maynar M, Campillo JE. Plasma lipid concentrations in professional cyclists after competitive cycle races. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1991; 62:349-52. [PMID: 1874241 DOI: 10.1007/bf00634971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasma lipid concentrations were measured in professional cyclists at the beginning of the training season and both before the start and at the end of two cycle races of similar length (800 and 900 km in 6 days). Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, total and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol: high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio were significantly lower and HDL-C concentrations significantly higher in cyclists compared to values in matched sedentary controls. At the end of the races, plasma concentrations of triglyceride and LDL-C were further reduced and HDL-C concentrations had increased compared to values at the start. At the end of the races, plasma concentrations of HDL-C were inversely correlated (r = -0.28, n = 45, P less than 0005) with triglyceride plasma concentrations. Body fat content, assessed as the sum of skinfold thicknesses was slightly reduced at the end of the race compared to the starting values. There was no significant correlation between skinfold thickness and plasma concentrations of HDL-C. Total plasma fatty acid concentrations were reduced and nonesterified fatty acids concentrations were increased at the end of the race compared to resting values. Consequently, the plasma concentrations of esterified fatty acids were significantly reduced after the race and there was a redistribution of the nonesterified fatty acids. The relative amounts of single fatty acids in the total fatty acid pool remained, however, remarkably constant. In conclusion, the results presented suggested that physical exercise, performed at the level of professional cyclists in a race, was an independent modifier of plasma lipid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Simpson JL, Gray RH, Queenan JT, Mena P, Perez A, Kambic RT, Tagliabue G, Pardo F, Stevenson WS, Barbato M. Pregnancy outcome associated with natural family planning (NFP): scientific basis and experimental design for an international cohort study. Adv Contracept 1988; 4:247-64. [PMID: 3075423 DOI: 10.1007/bf01849266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although natural family planning (NFP) is a form of contraception without ostensible maternal risks (other than pregnancy), potential fetal risks could exist if aging gametes are involved in inadvertent fertilization. In the following report, we first review animal studies firmly establishing that aging sperm and aging oocytes (delayed fertilization) cause chromosomal abnormalities in mammals and other species. We next review human studies associating decreased coital frequency with trisomy and studies of NFP populations that generally show no increased frequency of anomalous offspring or spontaneous abortions. Our rationale for initiating an international cohort study is presented, along with the experimental design selected. Preliminary findings indicate that the experimental design chosen will indeed provide information allowing NFP safety to be assessed definitively.
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Lorca P, Mena P. [Neonatal leukemoid reaction associated with prenatal administration of corticoids]. Rev Chil Pediatr 1988; 59:279-81. [PMID: 3251330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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48
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Mena P, Barriga C, Timón J, Campillo JE. Carboxylmethylation of insulin and glucagon in vitro. Acta Diabetol Lat 1988; 25:127-31. [PMID: 3066084 DOI: 10.1007/bf02581376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied the methyl acceptor capacity of insulin and glucagon in vitro. The levels of carboxylmethylation of pancreatic hormones (dpm x 10(3], when incubated with S-adenosyl-L-(3H-methyl)-methionine as methyl donor and purified protein carboxylmethylase, were: insulin (n = 6) 8.1 +/- 0.2 and 11.1 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- SEM) for 0.25 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively; glucagon (n = 6) 17.0 +/- 3.2 and 40.2 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SEM) for 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. On a molar basis, the methyl acceptor capacity was 1.0 dpm/pmol for insulin and 9.5 dpm/pmol for glucagon. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of carboxylmethylated hormones showed a radioactivity (3H-methyl) peak that co-migrated with the corresponding 125I-hormone. Glucagon, but not insulin, seems to be a relatively good substrate for carboxylmethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mena
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Schilling E, Hertrampf E, Mena P. [Recommendations of the Nutrition Branch]. Rev Chil Pediatr 1988; 59:139-43. [PMID: 3238093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Mena P. [Enteral nutrition of very low birth weight neonate]. Rev Chil Pediatr 1987; 58:328-35. [PMID: 3136515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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