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Šturm L, Prislan I, González-Ortega R, Mrak P, Snoj T, Anderluh G, Poklar Ulrih N. Interactions of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate with model lipid membranes. Biochim Biophys Acta Biomembr 2022; 1864:183999. [PMID: 35820494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.183999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a flavonoid known for its good antioxidant potential and health benefits. It is one of the most intriguing flavonoids, especially because of its specific interactions with model lipid membranes. It was noticed that EGCG might form EGCG rich domains/rafts at certain compositions of lipid membranes. In this article, we investigate whether EGCG forms EGCG rich domains when incorporated in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes. Our results show that EGCG decreases lipid ordering parameter in ordered membranes and increases it in the case of disordered ones. Also, incorporation of EGCG does not affect the zeta-potential and shape of the liposomes, but it can induce aggregation of liposomes. Our study also demonstrates that liposomes with incorporated EGCG are highly protected against UV-light induced oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Šturm
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Prislan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rodrigo González-Ortega
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Via Renato Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Snoj
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, POBox 660, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, POBox 660, 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Jordanoski D, Drobne D, Repar N, Dogsa I, Mrak P, Cerc-Korošec R, Škapin AS, Nadrah P, Poklar Ulrih N. A Novel Artificial Hemoglobin Carrier Based on Heulandite-Calcium Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Particles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7460. [PMID: 35806461 PMCID: PMC9267069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS)-based nanoparticles are most extensively used as a silica-based hemoglobin carrier system. However, TEOS-based nanoparticles induce adverse effects on the hemoglobin structure. Therefore, a heulandite-calcium-based carrier was investigated as a novel silica-based hemoglobin carrier system. The heulandite-calcium mesoporous aluminosilicate particles (MSPs) were fabricated by a patented tribo-mechanical activation process, according to the manufacturer, and its structure was assessed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Upon hemoglobin encapsulation, alternation in the secondary and tertiary structure was observed. The hemoglobin-particle interactions do not cause heme degradation or decreased activity. Once encapsulated inside the particle pores, the hemoglobin shows increased thermal stability, and higher loading capacity per gram of particles (by a factor of >1.4) when compared to TEOS-based nanoparticles. Futhermore, we introduced a PEGlyted lipid bilayer which significantly decreases the premature hemoglobin release and increases the colloidal stability. The newly developed hemoglobin carrier shows no cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino Jordanoski
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Neža Repar
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Polona Mrak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
| | - Romana Cerc-Korošec
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andrijana Sever Škapin
- Slovenian National Bulding and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva Ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.S.Š.); (P.N.)
| | - Peter Nadrah
- Slovenian National Bulding and Civil Engineering Institute, Dimičeva Ulica 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.S.Š.); (P.N.)
| | - Natasa Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.J.); (D.D.); (N.R.); (I.D.); (P.M.)
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Kunčič K, Mrak P, Žnidaršič N. Formation and remodelling of septate junctions in the epidermis of isopod Porcellioscaber during development. Zookeys 2022; 1101:159-181. [PMID: 36760974 PMCID: PMC9848928 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1101.78711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) perform an occluding function in invertebrate epithelia and consist of parallel septa extending across the intercellular space between neighbouring cells. In addition, they are required for several morphogenetic processes in arthropods. The biogenesis of SJs during development is inadequately studied and it was characterised in detail only for various epithelia of Drosophilamelanogaster. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the ultrastructural differentiation of SJs in the epidermis of the terrestrial isopod Porcellioscaber during embryonic and postembryonic development. In this study, mid-stage embryo S13 was the earliest stage in which single septa were observed basally to the adherens junction (AJ). Differentiation of SJs during further development includes gradual elongation of septa arrays and formation of continuous arrays of septa. The enlargement of SJs in the epidermis is most pronounced at the transition from embryonic to postembryonic development and after the release of mancae from the marsupium. SJs of postmarsupial mancae are similar to those of adults, but are not yet as extensive. Comparison of the differentiation of SJs in the epidermis and hindgut of P.scaber, reveals a similar sequence of events. In addition, remodelling of SJs was observed in the epidermis of late marsupial mancae, the stage of cuticle renewal. Common features of SJs' biogenesis in P.scaber and D.melanogaster ectodermal epithelia are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kunčič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Mohorič A, Božič J, Mrak P, Tušar K, Lin C, Sepe A, Mikac U, Mikhaylov G, Serša I. In vivo continuous three-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy: a study of metamorphosis in Carniolan worker honey bees ( Apis mellifera carnica). J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb225250. [PMID: 33023924 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) is a modality of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) optimized for the best resolution. Metamorphosis of the Carniolan worker honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) was studied in vivo under controlled temperature and humidity conditions from sealed larvae until the emergence of an adult. The 3D images were analyzed by volume rendering and segmentation, enabling the analysis of the body, tracheal system and gastrointestinal tract through the time course of volume changes. Fat content sensitivity enabled the analysis of flight muscles transformation during the metamorphosis by the signal histogram and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). Although the transformation during metamorphosis is well known, MRM enables an alternative insight to this process, i.e. 3D in vivo, which has relatively high spatial and temporal resolutions. The developed methodology can easily be adapted for studying the metamorphosis of other insects or any other incremental biological process on a similar spatial and temporal scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleš Mohorič
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Božič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kaja Tušar
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Chenyun Lin
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Sepe
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Mikac
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Serša
- Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bogataj U, Mrak P, Štrus J, Žnidaršič N. Ultrastructural differentiation of plasma membrane and cell junctions in the hindgut cells is synchronized with key developmental transitions in Porcellio scaber. Arthropod Struct Dev 2019; 50:78-93. [PMID: 31022533 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of transporting epithelial cells during development of animal organisms includes remodelling of apical and basal plasma membranes to increase the available surface for transport and formation of occluding junctions, which maintain a paracellular diffusion barrier. This study provides a detailed ultrastructural analysis of apical and basal plasma membrane remodelling and cell junction formation in hindgut cells during late embryonic and early postembryonic development of the crustacean Porcellio scaber. Hindgut cells in late-stage embryos are columnar with flat apical and basal plasma membranes. In early-stage marsupial mancae the hindgut cells begin to acquire their characteristic dome shape, the first apical membrane folding is evident and the septate junctions expand considerably, all changes being probably associated with the onset of active feeding. In postmarsupial mancae the apical labyrinth is further elaborated and the septate junctions are expanded. This coincides with the transition to an external environment and food sources. First basal infoldings appear in the anterior chamber of early-stage marsupial mancae, but in the papillate region they are mostly formed in postmarsupial mancae. In molting late-stage marsupial mancae, the plasma membrane acquires a topology characteristic of cuticle-producing arthropod epithelia and the septate junctions are considerably reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Bogataj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 111, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Prislan P, Mrak P, Žnidaršič N, Štrus J, Humar M, Thaler N, Mrak T, Gričar J. Intra-annual dynamics of phloem formation and ultrastructural changes in sieve tubes in Fagus sylvatica. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:262-274. [PMID: 30239917 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased interest in the timing and dynamics of phloem formation, seasonal changes in the structure of phloem sieve elements remain largely unexplored. To understand better the dynamics of phloem formation and the functioning of sieve tubes in the youngest phloem in Fagus sylvatica L., we investigated repeatedly taken phloem samples during the growing season of 2017 by means of light microscopy, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Phloem formation started with the expansion of the overwintered early phloem sieve tubes adjacent to the cambium and concurrent cambial cell production. The highest phloem growth rate was observed in general 1 week after the onset of cambial cell production, whereas the transition from early to late phloem occurred at the end of May. Cambial cell production ceased at the end of July. The final width of the phloem increment was 184 ± 10 μm, with an early phloem proportion of 59%. Collapse of older phloem tissue is a progressive process, which continuously occurred during the sampling period. Collapse of early phloem sieve tubes started shortly after the cessation of cambial cell production. Prior to the onset of radial growth, late phloem from the previous year represented 80% of the total non-collapsed part; during the growth period, this percentage decreased to 20%. Differences were observed in both sieve tube ultrastructure and sieve plate geometry between the youngest and older phloem. However, sieve plates were never completely occluded by callose, suggesting that processes affecting the functionality of sieve tubes may differ in the case of regular collapse or injury. The youngest parts of the phloem increment from the previous year (i.e., previous late phloem) continue functioning for some time in the current growing season, but the two-step development of overwintered phloem cells also ensures a sufficient translocation pathway for photosynthates to the actively growing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miha Humar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Thaler
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Mrak
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Bogataj U, Praznik M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Žnidaršič N. Comparative ultrastructure of cells and cuticle in the anterior chamber and papillate region of Porcellioscaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) hindgut. Zookeys 2018:427-458. [PMID: 30564048 PMCID: PMC6288245 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.801.22395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Isopod hindgut consists of two anatomical and functional parts, the anterior chamber, and the papillate region. This study provides a detailed ultrastructural comparison of epithelial cells in the anterior chamber and the papillate region with focus on cuticle ultrastructure, apical and basal plasma membrane labyrinths, and cell junctions. Na+/K+-ATPase activity in the hindgut epithelial cells was demonstrated by cytochemical localisation. The main difference in cuticle ultrastructure is in the thickness of epicuticle which is almost as thick as the procuticle in the papillate region and only about one sixth of the thickness of procuticle in the anterior chamber. The apical plasma membrane in both hindgut regions forms an apical plasma membrane labyrinth of cytoplasmic strands and extracellular spaces. In the papillate region the membranous infoldings are deeper and the extracellular spaces are wider. The basal plasma membrane is extensively infolded and associated with numerous mitochondria in the papillate region, while it forms relatively scarce basal infoldings in the anterior chamber. The junctional complex in both hindgut regions consists of adherens and septate junctions. Septate junctions are more extensive in the papillate region. Na+/K+-ATPase was located mostly in the apical plasma membranes in both hindgut regions. The ultrastructural features of hindgut cuticle are discussed in comparison to exoskeletal cuticle and to cuticles of other arthropod transporting epithelia from the perspective of their mechanical properties and permeability. The morphology of apical and basal plasma membranes and localisation of Na+/K+-ATPase are compared with other arthropod-transporting epithelia according to different functions of the anterior chamber and the papillate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Bogataj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Monika Praznik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Žnidaršič N, Mrak P, Rajh E, Soderžnik KŽ, Čeh M, Štrus J. Cuticle matrix imaging by histochemistry, fluorescence, and electron microscopy. Resolution and Discovery 2018. [DOI: 10.1556/2051.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Eva Rajh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Žagar Soderžnik
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Čeh
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mrak P, Bogataj U, Štrus J, Žnidaršič N. Cuticle morphogenesis in crustacean embryonic and postembryonic stages. Arthropod Struct Dev 2017; 46:77-95. [PMID: 27816526 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The crustacean cuticle is a chitin-based extracellular matrix, produced in general by epidermal cells and ectodermally derived epithelial cells of the digestive tract. Cuticle morphogenesis is an integrative part of embryonic and postembryonic development and it was studied in several groups of crustaceans, but mainly with a focus on one selected aspect of morphogenesis. Early studies were focused mainly on in vivo or histological observations of embryonic or larval molt cycles and more recently, some ultrastructural studies of the cuticle differentiation during development were performed. The aim of this paper is to review data on exoskeletal and gut cuticle formation during embryonic and postembryonic development in crustaceans, obtained in different developmental stages of different species and to bring together and discuss different aspects of cuticle morphogenesis, namely data on the morphology, ultrastructure, composition, connections to muscles and molt cycles in relation to cuticle differentiation. Based on the comparative evaluation of microscopic analyses of cuticle in crustacean embryonic and postembryonic stages, common principles of cuticle morphogenesis during development are discussed. Additional studies are suggested to further clarify this topic and to connect the new knowledge to related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Singler K, Dormann H, Dodt C, Heppner HJ, Püllen R, Burkhardt H, Swoboda W, Roller-Wirnsberger RE, Pinter G, Mrak P, Münzer T. Erratum zu: Der geriatrische Patient in der Notaufnahme. Notf Rett Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-016-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Singler K, Dormann H, Dodt C, Heppner HJ, Püllen R, Burkhardt M, Swoboda W, Roller-Wirnsberger RE, Pinter G, Mrak P, Münzer T. Der geriatrische Patient in der Notaufnahme. Notf Rett Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-016-0216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Štorgel N, Krajnc M, Mrak P, Štrus J, Ziherl P. Quantitative Morphology of Epithelial Folds. Biophys J 2016; 110:269-77. [PMID: 26745429 PMCID: PMC4825108 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The shape of spatially modulated epithelial morphologies such as villi and crypts is usually associated with the epithelium-stroma area mismatch leading to buckling. We propose an alternative mechanical model based on intraepithelial stresses generated by differential tensions of apical, lateral, and basal sides of cells as well as on the elasticity of the basement membrane. We use it to theoretically study longitudinal folds in simple epithelia and we identify four types of corrugated morphologies: compact, invaginated, evaginated, and wavy. The obtained tissue contours and thickness profiles are compared to epithelial folds observed in invertebrates and vertebrates, and for most samples, the agreement is within the estimated experimental error. Our model establishes the groove-crest modulation of tissue thickness as a morphometric parameter that can, together with the curvature profile, be used to estimate the relative differential apicobasal tension in the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Štorgel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Polona Mrak
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Ziherl
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Erwin Schrödinger International Institute for Mathematical Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Prislan P, Gričar J, de Luis M, Novak K, Martinez del Castillo E, Schmitt U, Koch G, Štrus J, Mrak P, Žnidarič MT, Čufar K. Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1923. [PMID: 28082994 PMCID: PMC5183617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand better the adaptation strategies of intra-annual radial growth in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris to local environmental conditions, we examined the seasonal rhythm of cambial activity and cell differentiation at tissue and cellular levels. Two contrasting sites differing in temperature and amount of precipitation were selected for each species, one typical for their growth and the other represented border climatic conditions, where the two species coexisted. Mature P. halepensis trees from Mediterranean (Spain) and sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) sites, and P. sylvestris from sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) and temperate (Slovenia) sites were selected. Repeated sampling was performed throughout the year and samples were prepared for examination with light and transmission electron microscopes. We hypothesized that cambial rhythm in trees growing at the sub-Mediterranean site where the two species co-exist will be similar as at typical sites for their growth. Cambium in P. halepensis at the Mediterranean site was active throughout the year and was never truly dormant, whereas at the sub-Mediterranean site it appeared to be dormant during the winter months. In contrast, cambium in P. sylvestris was clearly dormant at both sub-Mediterranean and temperate sites, although the dormant period seemed to be significantly longer at the temperate site. Thus, the hypothesis was only partly confirmed. Different cambial and cell differentiation rhythms of the two species at the site where both species co-exist and typical sites for their growth indicate their high but different adaptation strategies in terms of adjustment of radial growth to environmental heterogeneity, crucial for long-term tree performance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Peter Prislan,
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin de Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
| | | | - Uwe Schmitt
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute – Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchHamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Koch
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute – Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchHamburg, Germany
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda T. Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina. Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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Mrak P, Bogataj U, Štrus J, Žnidaršič N. Formation of the hindgut cuticular lining during embryonic development of Porcellioscaber (Crustacea, Isopoda). Zookeys 2015:93-109. [PMID: 26261443 PMCID: PMC4525038 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.515.9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The hindgut and foregut in terrestrial isopod crustaceans are ectodermal parts of the digestive system and are lined by cuticle, an apical extracellular matrix secreted by epithelial cells. Morphogenesis of the digestive system was reported in previous studies, but differentiation of the gut cuticle was not followed in detail. This study is focused on ultrastructural analyses of hindgut apical matrices and cuticle in selected intramarsupial developmental stages of the terrestrial isopod Porcellioscaber in comparison to adult animals to obtain data on the hindgut cuticular lining differentiation. Our results show that in late embryos of stages 16 and 18 the apical matrix in the hindgut consists of loose material overlaid by a thin intensely ruffled electron dense lamina facing the lumen. The ultrastructural resemblance to the embryonic epidermal matrices described in several arthropods suggests a common principle in chitinous matrix differentiation. The hindgut matrix in the prehatching embryo of stage 19 shows characteristics of the hindgut cuticle, specifically alignment to the apical epithelial surface and a prominent electron dense layer of epicuticle. In the preceding embryonic stage – stage 18 – an electron dense lamina, closely apposed to the apical cell membrane, is evident and is considered as the first epicuticle formation. In marsupial mancae the advanced features of the hindgut cuticle and epithelium are evident: a more prominent epicuticular layer, formation of cuticular spines and an extensive apical labyrinth. In comparison to the hindgut cuticle of adults, the hindgut cuticle of marsupial manca and in particular the electron dense epicuticular layer are much thinner and the difference between cuticle architecture in the anterior chamber and in the papillate region is not yet distinguishable. Differences from the hindgut cuticle in adults imply not fully developed structure and function of the hindgut cuticle in marsupial manca, possibly related also to different environments, as mancae develop in marsupial fluid. Bacteria, evenly distributed within the homogenous electron dense material in the hindgut lumen, were observed only in one specimen of early marsupial manca. The morphological features of gut cuticle renewal are evident in the late marsupial mancae, and are similar to those observed in the exoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urban Bogataj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mrak P, Znidaršič N, Zagar K, Ceh M, Strus J. Exoskeletal cuticle differentiation during intramarsupial development of Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda). Arthropod Struct Dev 2014; 43:423-439. [PMID: 25051210 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Exoskeletal crustacean cuticle is a calcified apical extracellular matrix of epidermal cells, illustrating the chitin-based organic scaffold for biomineralization. Studies of cuticle formation during molting reveal significant dynamics and complexity of the assembly processes, while cuticle formation during embryogenesis is poorly investigated. This study reveals in the terrestrial isopod Porcellio scaber, the ultrastructural organization of the differentiating precuticular matrices and exoskeletal cuticles during embryonic and larval intramarsupial development. The composition of the epidermal matrices was obtained by WGA lectin labelling and EDXS analysis. At least two precuticular matrices, consisting of loosely arranged material with overlying electron dense lamina, are secreted by the epidermis in the mid-stage embryo. The prehatching embryo is the earliest developmental stage with a cuticular matrix consisting of an epicuticle and a procuticle, displaying WGA binding and forming cuticular scales. In newly hatched marsupial larva manca, a new cuticle is formed and calcium sequestration in the cuticle is evident. Progression of larval development leads to the cuticle thickening, structural differentiation of cuticular layers and prominent cuticle calcification. Morphological characteristics of exoskeleton renewal in marsupial manca are described. Elaborated cuticle in marsupial larvae indicates the importance of the exoskeleton in protection and support of the larval body in the marsupium and during the release of larvae in the external environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nada Znidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Zagar
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miran Ceh
- Department for Nanostructured Materials, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasna Strus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lechleitner M, Pils K, Roller-Wirnsberger R, Beubler E, Gasser R, Mrak P, Hoppichler F, Pietschmann P. [Diabetes and osteoporosis: pathophysiological interactions and clinical importance for geriatric patients]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2014; 46:390-7. [PMID: 23864319 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-013-0518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is an age-associated disease, resulting in impaired bone quality and increased risk for bone fractures. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have--despite a normal or even increased bone mineral density--an increased risk for fractures, which is related to an imbalance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic resorption. Complex pathophysiological mechanisms associated with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia are involved in the deleterious effects on osteoblast function and bone formation. The quality and regimen of antidiabetic therapy are discussed as modulators of bone metabolism. Of great clinical importance is an assessment of the fall risk especially for diabetic patients, because late complications, such as neuropathy, but also side effects of medication can result in a significantly increased risk for falls. Lifestyle intervention is of advantage with respect to diabetes and osteoporosis prevention and therapy. Vitamin D supplementation results in favorable effects with a reduced risk for falls and also improvements of insulin sensitivity. According to published data, the safety and efficacy of specific medication for the treatment of osteoporosis (bisphosphonates, denosumab, selective estrogen receptor modulators) reveal no difference between patients with and without diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lechleitner
- Abteilung für Innere Medizin, Landeskrankenhaus Hochzirl, Anna-Dengel Haus, 6170, Zirl, Österreich.
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König C, Plank J, Augustin T, Habacher W, Beck P, Frühwald T, Pils K, Sommeregger U, Dovjak P, Pinter G, Mrak P. Effects of audit and feedback on professional practice in Geriatric Acute Care Units. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Csonka D, Halasy K, Szabó P, Mrak P, Strus J, Hornung E. Eco-morphological studies on pleopodal lungs and cuticle in Armadillidium species (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Arthropod Struct Dev 2013; 42:229-235. [PMID: 23376766 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) have adapted to land life by diverse morphological, physiological and behavioral changes. Woodlice species exhibit a large variety in this respect, their preferences ranging from moist to dry habitats. These moisture preference values are related to various morphological adaptations, rendering terrestrial isopods amenable to studying morphological adaptations to terrestrial life. We performed a comparison of four Armadillidium species (Armadillidium zenckeri, Armadillidium nasatum, Armadillidium versicolor, Armadillidium vulgare), by quantifying two morphological traits: the extent of the interfacial endothelium between the respiratory space and the hemolymph within pleopodal lungs and the thickness of tergite cuticle, which are 'key factors' in determining protection from desiccation. These values were measured from light micrographs of cross-sectioned lungs. The cosmopolitan A. vulgare, as a habitat generalist, seems to be the most resistant against desiccation and other environmental conditions, while A. zenckeri is the most sensitive one. Light microscopic studies revealed that the four species can be ordered similarly, if we compare them by the extension of the endothelial interface and cuticle thickness, suggesting that these morphological traits are important determinants of their distribution on habitat, microhabitat scales and through the existence of suitable habitats - together with many other factors - the geographical pattern of species occurence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Csonka
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Rottenbiller str. 50, H-1077 Budapest, Hungary.
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Znidaršič N, Mrak P, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Strus J. Exoskeleton anchoring to tendon cells and muscles in molting isopod crustaceans. Zookeys 2012:39-53. [PMID: 22536098 PMCID: PMC3335404 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.176.2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialized mechanical connection between exoskeleton and underlying muscles in arthropods is a complex network of interconnected matrix constituents, junctions and associated cytoskeletal elements, which provides prominent mechanical attachment of the epidermis to the cuticle and transmits muscle tensions to the exoskeleton. This linkage involves anchoring of the complex extracellular matrix composing the cuticle to the apical membrane of tendon cells and linking of tendon cells to muscles basally. The ultrastructural arhitecture of these attachment complexes during molting is an important issue in relation to integument integrity maintenance in the course of cuticle replacement and in relation to movement ability. The aim of this work was to determine the ultrastructural organization of exoskeleton – muscles attachment complexes in the molting terrestrial isopod crustaceans, in the stage when integumental epithelium is covered by both, the newly forming cuticle and the old detached cuticle. We show that the old exoskeleton is extensively mechanically connected to the underlying epithelium in the regions of muscle attachment sites by massive arrays of fibers in adult premolt Ligia italica and in prehatching embryos and premolt marsupial mancas of Porcellio scaber. Fibers expand from the tendon cells, traverse the new cuticle and ecdysal space and protrude into the distal layers of the detached cuticle. They likely serve as final anchoring sites before exuviation and may be involved in animal movements in this stage. Tendon cells in the prehatching embryo and in marsupial mancas display a substantial apicobasally oriented transcellular arrays of microtubules, evidently engaged in myotendinous junctions and in apical anchoring of the cuticular matrix. The structural framework of musculoskeletal linkage is basically established in described intramarsupial developmental stages, suggesting its involvement in animal motility within the marsupium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Znidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Mrak P, Znidaršič N, Tušek-Žnidarič M, Klepal W, Gruber D, Strus J. Egg envelopes and cuticle renewal in Porcellio embryos and marsupial mancas. Zookeys 2012:55-72. [PMID: 22536099 PMCID: PMC3335405 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.176.2418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An important adaptation to land habitats in terrestrial isopod crustaceans is development of embryos in a fluid-filled female brood pouch, marsupium. The study brings insight into the structure and protective role of egg envelopes and cuticle renewal during ontogenetic development of Porcellio embryos and marsupial mancas. Egg envelopes cover embryos, the outer chorion until late-stage embryo and the inner vitelline membrane throughout the whole embryonic development. Egg envelopes of Porcellio have relatively simple ultrastuctural architecture compared to Drosophila egg envelopes. Exoskeletal cuticle is produced in late embryonic development by hypodermal cells of the embryo and is renewed in further development in relation to growth of developing embryos and mancas. Cuticle structure and renewal in prehatching late-stage embryos and marsupial mancas exhibit main features of cuticle in adults. Epicuticle is thin and homogenous. The characteristic arrangement of chitin-protein fibers and the dense distal layer in exocuticle are hardly discernible in prehatching embryo and distinct in marsupial mancas. Endocuticle consists of alternating electron dense and electron lucent sublayers and is perforated by pore canals in both stages. Differences from adult cuticle are evident in cuticle thickness, ultrastructure and mineralization. Signs of cuticle renewal in prehatching embryo and marsupial mancas such as detachment of cuticle from hypodermis, partial disintegration of endocuticle and assembly of new cuticle are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotehnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Rakovac I, Jeitler K, Gfrerer RJ, Habacher W, Seereiner S, Mrak P, Pieber TR. Patients with Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin: prevalence of contraindications and their correlation with discontinuation. Diabet Med 2005; 22:662-4. [PMID: 15842528 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01478.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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