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Kaczanowska S, Murty T, Alimadadi A, Contreras CF, Duault C, Subrahmanyam PB, Reynolds W, Gutierrez NA, Baskar R, Wu CJ, Michor F, Altreuter J, Liu Y, Jhaveri A, Duong V, Anbunathan H, Ong C, Zhang H, Moravec R, Yu J, Biswas R, Van Nostrand S, Lindsay J, Pichavant M, Sotillo E, Bernstein D, Carbonell A, Derdak J, Klicka-Skeels J, Segal JE, Dombi E, Harmon SA, Turkbey B, Sahaf B, Bendall S, Maecker H, Highfill SL, Stroncek D, Glod J, Merchant M, Hedrick CC, Mackall CL, Ramakrishna S, Kaplan RN. Immune determinants of CAR-T cell expansion in solid tumor patients receiving GD2 CAR-T cell therapy. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:35-51.e8. [PMID: 38134936 PMCID: PMC10947809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) have remarkable efficacy in liquid tumors, but limited responses in solid tumors. We conducted a Phase I trial (NCT02107963) of GD2 CAR-Ts (GD2-CAR.OX40.28.z.iC9), demonstrating feasibility and safety of administration in children and young adults with osteosarcoma and neuroblastoma. Since CAR-T efficacy requires adequate CAR-T expansion, patients were grouped into good or poor expanders across dose levels. Patient samples were evaluated by multi-dimensional proteomic, transcriptomic, and epigenetic analyses. T cell assessments identified naive T cells in pre-treatment apheresis associated with good expansion, and exhausted T cells in CAR-T products with poor expansion. Myeloid cell assessment identified CXCR3+ monocytes in pre-treatment apheresis associated with good expansion. Longitudinal analysis of post-treatment samples identified increased CXCR3- classical monocytes in all groups as CAR-T numbers waned. Together, our data uncover mediators of CAR-T biology and correlates of expansion that could be utilized to advance immunotherapies for solid tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kaczanowska
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tara Murty
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ahmad Alimadadi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Cristina F Contreras
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Duault
- Stanford Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Priyanka B Subrahmanyam
- Stanford Human Immune Monitoring Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Warren Reynolds
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Reema Baskar
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Yang Liu
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Vandon Duong
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hima Anbunathan
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Claire Ong
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radim Moravec
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce Yu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mina Pichavant
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Donna Bernstein
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda Carbonell
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joanne Derdak
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Klicka-Skeels
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia E Segal
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Artificial Intelligence Resource, Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bita Sahaf
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sean Bendall
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Holden Maecker
- Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Steven L Highfill
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Stroncek
- Center for Cellular Engineering, Department of Transfusion Medicine, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melinda Merchant
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine C Hedrick
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA; Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sneha Ramakrishna
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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2
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Ahmed S, Wedekind MF, Del Rivero J, Raygada M, Lockridge R, Glod JW, Flowers C, Thomas BJ, Bernstein DB, Kapustina OB, Jain A, Miettinen M, Raffeld M, Xi L, Tyagi M, Kim J, Aldape K, Malayeri AA, Kaplan RN, Allen T, Vivelo CA, Sandler AB, Widemann BC, Reilly KM. Longitudinal Natural History Study of Children and Adults with Rare Solid Tumors: Initial Results for First 200 Participants. Cancer Res Commun 2023; 3:2468-2482. [PMID: 37966258 PMCID: PMC10699159 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-23-0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of tumor biology and identification of effective therapies is lacking for many rare tumors. My Pediatric and Adult Rare Tumor (MyPART) network was established to engage patients, advocates, and researchers and conduct a comprehensive longitudinal Natural History Study of Rare Solid Tumors. Through remote or in-person enrollment at the NIH Clinical Center, participants with rare solid tumors ≥4 weeks old complete standardized medical and family history forms, patient reported outcomes, and provide tumor, blood and/or saliva samples. Medical records are extracted for clinical status and treatment history, and tumors undergo genomic analysis. A total of 200 participants (65% female, 35% male, median age at diagnosis 43 years, range = 2-77) enrolled from 46 U.S. states and nine other countries (46% remote, 55% in-person). Frequent diagnoses were neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN), adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC), medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors (sdGIST), and chordomas. At enrollment, median years since diagnosis was 3.5 (range = 0-36.6), 63% participants had metastatic disease and 20% had no evidence of disease. Pathogenic germline and tumor mutations included SDHA/B/C (sdGIST), RET (MTC), TP53 and CTNNB1 (ACC), MEN1 (NEN), and SMARCB1 (poorly-differentiated chordoma). Clinically significant anxiety was observed in 20%-35% of adults. Enrollment of participants and comprehensive data collection were feasible. Remote enrollment was critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 30 patients were enrolled with ACC, NEN, and sdGIST, allowing for clinical/genomic analyses across tumors. Longitudinal follow-up and expansion of cohorts are ongoing to advance understanding of disease course and establish external controls for interventional trials. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that comprehensive, tumor-agnostic data and biospecimen collection is feasible to characterize different rare tumors, and speed progress in research. The findings will be foundational to developing external controls groups for single-arm interventional trials, where randomized control trials cannot be conducted because of small patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadin Ahmed
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Margarita Raygada
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robin Lockridge
- Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal Flowers
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - BJ Thomas
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donna B. Bernstein
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Oxana B. Kapustina
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashish Jain
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Research Computing, Department of Information Technology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Manoj Tyagi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ashkan A. Malayeri
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Taryn Allen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Clinical Research Directorate (CRD), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Christina A. Vivelo
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
- Kelly Government Solutions, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abby B. Sandler
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
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Sargen MR, Kim J, Potjer TP, Velthuizen ME, Martir-Negron AE, Odia Y, Helgadottir H, Hatton JN, Haley JS, Thone G, Widemann BC, Gross AM, Yohe ME, Kaplan RN, Shern JF, Sundby RT, Astiazaran-Symonds E, Yang XR, Carey DJ, Tucker MA, Stewart DR, Goldstein AM. Estimated Prevalence, Tumor Spectrum, and Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Like Phenotype of CDKN2A-Related Melanoma-Astrocytoma Syndrome. JAMA Dermatol 2023; 159:1112-1118. [PMID: 37585199 PMCID: PMC10433137 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Importance Knowledge about the prevalence and tumor types of CDKN2A-related melanoma-astrocytoma syndrome (MAS) is limited and could improve disease recognition. Objective To estimate the prevalence and describe the tumor types of MAS. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study analyzed all available MAS cases from medical centers in the US (2 sites) and Europe (2 sites) and from biomedical population genomic databases (UK Biobank [United Kingdom], Geisinger MyCode [US]) between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 2020. Patients with MAS with CDKN2A germline pathogenic variants and 1 or more neural tumors were included. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Disease prevalence and tumor frequency. Results Prevalence of MAS ranged from 1 in 170 503 (n = 1 case; 95% CI, 1:30 098-1:965 887) in Geisinger MyCode (n = 170 503; mean [SD] age, 58.9 [19.1] years; 60.6% women; 96.2% White) to 1 in 39 149 (n = 12 cases; 95% CI, 1:22 396-1:68 434) in UK Biobank (n = 469 789; mean [SD] age, 70.0 [8.0] years; 54.2% women; 94.8% White). Among UK Biobank patients with MAS (n = 12) identified using an unbiased genomic ascertainment approach, brain neoplasms (4 of 12, 33%; 1 glioblastoma, 1 gliosarcoma, 1 astrocytoma, 1 unspecified type) and schwannomas (3 of 12, 25%) were the most common malignant and benign neural tumors, while cutaneous melanoma (2 of 12, 17%) and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2 of 12, 17%) were the most common nonneural malignant neoplasms. In a separate case series of 14 patients with MAS from the US and Europe, brain neoplasms (4 of 14, 29%; 2 glioblastomas, 2 unspecified type) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (2 of 14, 14%) were the most common neural cancers, while cutaneous melanoma (4 of 14, 29%) and sarcomas (2 of 14, 14%; 1 liposarcoma, 1 unspecified type) were the most common nonneural cancers. Cutaneous neurofibromas (7 of 14, 50%) and schwannomas (2 of 14, 14%) were also common. In 1 US family, a father and son with MAS had clinical diagnoses of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Genetic testing of the son detected a pathogenic CDKN2A splicing variant (c.151-1G>C) and was negative for NF1 genetic alterations. In UK Biobank, 2 in 150 (1.3%) individuals with clinical NF1 diagnoses had likely pathogenic variants in CDKN2A, including 1 individual with no detected variants in the NF1 gene. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study estimates the prevalence and describes the tumors of MAS. Additional studies are needed in genetically diverse populations to further define population prevalence and disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Sargen
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jung Kim
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Thomas P. Potjer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mary E. Velthuizen
- Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yazmin Odia
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami
| | - Hildur Helgadottir
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica N. Hatton
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Jeremy S. Haley
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Gretchen Thone
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea M. Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Xiaohong R. Yang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - David J. Carey
- Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger Clinic, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania
| | - Margaret A. Tucker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Douglas R. Stewart
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alisa M. Goldstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland
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Akshintala S, Sundby RT, Bernstein D, Glod JW, Kaplan RN, Yohe ME, Gross AM, Derdak J, Lei H, Pan A, Dombi E, Palacio-Yance I, Herrera KR, Miettinen MM, Chen HX, Steinberg SM, Helman LJ, Mascarenhas L, Widemann BC, Navid F, Shern JF, Heske CM. Phase I trial of Ganitumab plus Dasatinib to Cotarget the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor and Src Family Kinase YES in Rhabdomyosarcoma. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3329-3339. [PMID: 37398992 PMCID: PMC10529967 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Antibodies against insulin-like growth factor (IGF) type 1 receptor have shown meaningful but transient tumor responses in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). The SRC family member YES has been shown to mediate IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) antibody acquired resistance, and cotargeting IGF-1R and YES resulted in sustained responses in murine RMS models. We conducted a phase I trial of the anti-IGF-1R antibody ganitumab combined with dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting YES, in patients with RMS (NCT03041701). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with relapsed/refractory alveolar or embryonal RMS and measurable disease were eligible. All patients received ganitumab 18 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Dasatinib dose was 60 mg/m2/dose (max 100 mg) oral once daily [dose level (DL)1] or 60 mg/m2/dose (max 70 mg) twice daily (DL2). A 3+3 dose escalation design was used, and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was determined on the basis of cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). RESULTS Thirteen eligible patients, median age 18 years (range 8-29) enrolled. Median number of prior systemic therapies was 3; all had received prior radiation. Of 11 toxicity-evaluable patients, 1/6 had a DLT at DL1 (diarrhea) and 2/5 had a DLT at DL2 (pneumonitis, hematuria) confirming DL1 as MTD. Of nine response-evaluable patients, one had a confirmed partial response for four cycles, and one had stable disease for six cycles. Genomic studies from cell-free DNA correlated with disease response. CONCLUSIONS The combination of dasatinib 60 mg/m2/dose daily and ganitumab 18 mg/kg every 2 weeks was safe and tolerable. This combination had a disease control rate of 22% at 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivandana Akshintala
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - R. Taylor Sundby
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Donna Bernstein
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marielle E. Yohe
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, Maryland
| | - Andrea M. Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanne Derdak
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Alexander Pan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Isabel Palacio-Yance
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kailey R. Herrera
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku M. Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Helen X. Chen
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program (CTEP), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lee J. Helman
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- The Osteosarcoma Institute, Dallas, Texas
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fariba Navid
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA), Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jack F. Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christine M. Heske
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland
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5
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Kim YI, Tseng YC, Ayaz G, Wang S, Yan H, du Bois W, Yang H, Zhen T, Lee MP, Liu P, Kaplan RN, Huang J. SOX9 is a key component of RUNX2-regulated transcriptional circuitry in osteosarcoma. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:136. [PMID: 37491298 PMCID: PMC10367263 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The absence of prominent, actionable genetic alternations in osteosarcomas (OS) implies that transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms significantly contribute to the progression of this life-threatening form of cancer. Therefore, the identification of potential transcriptional events that promote the survival of OS cells could be key in devising targeted therapeutic approaches for OS. We have previously shown that RUNX2 is a transcription factor (TF) essential for OS cell survival. Unfortunately, the transcriptional network or circuitry regulated by RUNX2 in OS cells is still largely unknown. METHODS The TFs that are in the RUNX2 transcriptional circuitry were identified by analyzing RNAseq and ChIPseq datasets of RUNX2. To evaluate the effect of SOX9 knockdown on the survival of osteosarcoma cells in vitro, we employed cleaved caspase-3 immunoblotting and propidium iodide staining techniques. The impact of SOX9 and JMJD1C depletion on OS tumor growth was examined in vivo using xenografts and immunohistochemistry. Downstream targets of SOX9 were identified and dissected using RNAseq, pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the interactome of SOX9 was identified using BioID and validated by PLA. RESULT Our findings demonstrate that SOX9 is a critical TF that is induced by RUNX2. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that SOX9 plays a pivotal role in the survival of OS. RNAseq analysis revealed that SOX9 activates the transcription of MYC, a downstream target of RUNX2. Mechanistically, our results suggest a transcriptional network involving SOX9, RUNX2, and MYC, with SOX9 binding to RUNX2. Moreover, we discovered that JMJD1C, a chromatin factor, is a novel binding partner of SOX9, and depletion of JMJD1C impairs OS tumor growth. CONCLUSION The findings of this study represent a significant advancement in our understanding of the transcriptional network present in OS cells, providing valuable insights that may contribute to the development of targeted therapies for OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Im Kim
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Chou Tseng
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gamze Ayaz
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shasha Wang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hualong Yan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wendy du Bois
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Howard Yang
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tao Zhen
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maxwell P Lee
- High-Dimension Data Analysis Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Liu
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Tumor Microenvironment Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Epigenetics Group, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Cornetta K, Yao J, House K, Duffy L, Adusumilli PS, Beyer R, Booth C, Brenner M, Curran K, Grilley B, Heslop H, Hinrichs CS, Kaplan RN, Kiem HP, Kochenderfer J, Kohn DB, Mailankody S, Norberg SM, O'Cearbhaill RE, Pappas J, Park J, Ramos C, Ribas A, Rivière I, Rosenberg SA, Sauter C, Shah NN, Slovin SF, Thrasher A, Williams DA, Lin TY. Replication competent retrovirus testing (RCR) in the National Gene Vector Biorepository: No evidence of RCR in 1,595 post-treatment peripheral blood samples obtained from 60 clinical trials. Mol Ther 2023; 31:801-809. [PMID: 36518078 PMCID: PMC10014217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical impact of any therapy requires the product be safe and effective. Gammaretroviral vectors pose several unique risks, including inadvertent exposure to replication competent retrovirus (RCR) that can arise during vector manufacture. The US FDA has required patient monitoring for RCR, and the National Gene Vector Biorepository is an NIH resource that has assisted eligible investigators in meeting this requirement. To date, we have found no evidence of RCR in 338 pre-treatment and 1,595 post-treatment blood samples from 737 patients associated with 60 clinical trials. Most samples (75%) were obtained within 1 year of treatment, and samples as far out as 9 years after treatment were analyzed. The majority of trials (93%) were cancer immunotherapy, and 90% of the trials used vector products produced with the PG13 packaging cell line. The data presented here provide further evidence that current manufacturing methods generate RCR-free products and support the overall safety profile of retroviral gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jing Yao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberley House
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lisa Duffy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | | | - Claire Booth
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Malcolm Brenner
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Kevin Curran
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Pediatrics, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Helen Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Christian S Hinrichs
- Duncan and Nancy MacMillan Cancer Immunology and Metabolism Center of Excellence, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hans-Peter Kiem
- Fred Hutchison Cancer Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Donald B Kohn
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Pediatrics (Hematology/Oncology) and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sham Mailankody
- Myeloma and Cellular Therapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jae Park
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlos Ramos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX, USA
| | - Antonio Ribas
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Sauter
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Susan F Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Thrasher
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - David A Williams
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tsai-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Brown Center for Immunotherapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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7
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Cole AP, Donson AM, Pierce AM, Grimaldo E, Calhoun JD, Griesinger AM, Sublett C, Kaplan RN, Fry TJ, Foreman NK, Nellan A. EPEN-26. Chemokine receptor blockade reverses CCL2 mediated immunosuppression and restores CAR-T cell function in posterior fossa ependymoma. Neuro Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9165124 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Trastuzumab-based HER2 CAR-T constructs have demonstrated preclinical efficacy in medulloblastoma and are being evaluated for use in children and young adults with recurrent or refractory CNS tumors. Preliminary results demonstrate immune activation but no objective tumor response in three patients, including two patients with posterior fossa (PF)-EPN. A key finding in the serum and CSF of all three patients was very high levels of the inflammatory chemokine CCL2 following treatment with CAR-T cells. Preclinical studies suggest that high levels of CCL2 may impede T cell mediated anti-tumor activity in CNS tumors. The role of CCL2 to enhance or diminish CAR-T cell efficacy for CNS tumors is unknown. We evaluated a second generation trastuzumab-based HER2 CAR construct with a 4-1BB co-stimulatory domain in two ultra-high-risk patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models that faithfully recapitulate PFA-EPN. In contrast to preclinical studies in other cancers, treatment with trastuzumab-based HER2 CAR-T cell alone causes only partial regression of tumors and robust infiltration of immunosuppressive monocytes in PFA-EPN PDX mouse models. We studied constitutive NF-kB activation because it is a hallmark of PFA-EPN that drives dysregulation of inflammatory genes and forms an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Upon tumor recognition, CAR-T cells produce high amounts of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which is an extracellular stimulus that propagates NF-kB activation in PFA-EPN. We show that HER2 CAR-T cell treatment causes increased nuclear translocation of the RELA NF-kB subunit, which induces CCL2 gene transcription and chemokine release. This results in CCL2-CCR2 ligand/receptor mediated influx of inflammatory monocytes and regulatory T cells, impairing CAR-T cell effector function. Inhibition of CCR2 restores anti-tumor CAR-T cytotoxicity against bulky orthotopic tumors by decreasing the infiltration of inflammatory monocytes and regulatory T cells. Combinatorial strategies addressing tumor mediated immunosuppression should be evaluated in upcoming CAR-T cell trials for patients with high-risk CNS tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison P Cole
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Andrew M Donson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Angela M Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Enrique Grimaldo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Jacob D Calhoun
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Andrea M Griesinger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Caroline Sublett
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
| | - Anandani Nellan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute , Bethesda, MD , USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program , Aurora, CO , USA
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8
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Akshintala S, Bernstein D, Glod J, Kaplan RN, Shern JF, Yohe ME, Gross AM, Derdak J, Dombi E, Palacio-Yance I, Herrera KR, Levi A, Miettenen M, Steinberg SM, Helman LJ, Mascarenhas L, Widemann BC, Navid F, Heske CM. Results of a phase I trial of ganitumab plus dasatinib in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.11561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
11561 Background: Antibodies against the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1-R) have shown transient objective partial responses (PR) in patients with RMS followed by rapid development of resistance. Preclinical data demonstrate that activation of the SRC family kinase YES acts as a bypass resistance mechanism to IGF-1R targeting. Co-targeting IGF-1R and YES results in sustained responses in murine RMS models. We developed a phase I/II trial of the anti-IGF-1R antibody ganitumab combined with the multi-kinase inhibitor dasatinib in patients with RMS (NCT03041701). During the phase II part of the study, ganitumab became unavailable, and the trial was terminated early. We report here the results of the completed phase I study. Methods: Patients with relapsed/refractory alveolar or embryonal RMS and measurable disease were eligible. A 3+3 dose escalation design was used to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and evaluable patients were assessed for response using RECISTv1.1 criteria. All patients received ganitumab 18 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks. Dasatinib was administered orally on a continuous schedule. Dose level (DL)1 was 60 mg/m2/dose (max 100 mg) once daily; DL2 was 60 mg/m2/dose (max 70 mg) twice daily. MTD was determined based on cycle 1 dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and responses were assessed every 2 cycles. Results: Thirteen eligible patients (5M, 8F), median age 18 years (range 8-29 years) with embryonal (n = 6) and alveolar (n = 7) RMS were enrolled at DL1 (n = 7) and DL2 (n = 6). Median number of prior systemic therapies was 3 (range 1-6), all had received prior radiation, 5 prior surgery, and 2 prior high dose chemotherapy with stem cell rescue. Of 11 patients evaluable for toxicity, 1/6 had a DLT at DL1 (grade 3 diarrhea) and 2/5 had DLTs at DL2 (grade 3 pneumonitis and grade 3 hematuria) confirming DL1 as MTD. Common non-DLTs at least possibly attributed to dasatinib, ganitumab, or both included thrombocytopenia (n = 12), anemia (n = 10), lymphopenia (n = 8), hypophosphatemia (n = 7), hypocalcemia (n = 6), elevated transaminases (n = 5), fatigue (n = 5), nausea (n = 5), and vomiting (n = 5). The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were cytopenias and electrolyte abnormalities. Of 9 patients evaluable for response, 1 had a confirmed PR at DL2 sustained for 5 cycles, and 1 had prolonged stable disease (SD) for 6 cycles at DL1. Patients received a median of 1.5 cycles (range 0-6). Analysis of correlative biology studies of ctDNA and target expression are ongoing. Conclusions: The combination of dasatinib and ganitumab was safe and tolerable at DL1 in patients with relapsed and refractory RMS. Once daily dasatinib at 60 mg/m2/dose (max 100 mg) combined with 18 mg/kg ganitumab every 2 weeks was determined to be the MTD. PR and SD for > 4 months were observed in this phase I trial suggesting that the addition of a YES-targeting agent may delay the development of acquired resistance to IGF-1R antibody therapy in RMS. Clinical trial information: NCT03041701.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivandana Akshintala
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donna Bernstein
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch. National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Abrahm Levi
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Seth M. Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, CCR, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lee J. Helman
- The Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Leo Mascarenhas
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fariba Navid
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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9
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Contreras CF, Kaczanowska S, Kaplan RN. Transcriptomic and epigenetic profiling of tumor-associated monocyte function. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.179.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells recognized for their ability to play both tumor permissive and surveillant roles in cancer. Circulating classical monocytes (CD14+CD16−) can home to the tumor and suppress other immune cells through various mechanisms, including the production of arginase and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, patrolling nonclassical monocytes (CD14−CD16+) have been shown to employ processes such as phagocytosis and presentation of tumor antigens to prevent metastasis. This heterogeneous monocyte function is influenced by tumor-derived factors that are released during cancer development and progression. Phenotypic and transcriptional alterations in circulating monocytes and other myeloid cells in patients with solid tumors have been reported and associated with poor clinical outcomes. However, perturbations of specific monocyte functions in the setting of solid tumors have not been well explored. Here we present a characterization of monocytes by coupling flow cytometry-based functional assays with sequencing (Func-seq). Healthy donor primary monocytes and monocytic cell lines were used to examine the production of ROS and arginase in response to osteosarcoma-conditioned media and monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of osteosarcoma cells. Bulk RNA-seq and ATAC-seq were performed on FACS-sorted populations to compare differentially expressed genes and establish transcriptomic and epigenetic signatures associated with monocyte-mediated immunosuppression and tumor-cell phagocytosis. The incorporation of functional selection into -omic characterization provides insights into monocyte behavior and potential therapeutic targets to alter their activity in solid tumors.
Funding: US National Institutes of Health grants ZIA BC 011332 and ZIA BC 011855 and NCI cancer moonshot.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prognosis of pediatric patients with metastatic solid tumors remains poor, necessitating development of novel therapeutic strategies. The biology of the pediatric tumor microenvironment (TME) presents obstacles for the efficacy of current therapeutic approaches including immunotherapies. Targeting various aspects of the TME in pediatric patients with solid tumors represents a therapeutic opportunity that may improve outcomes. Here we will discuss recent advances in characterization of the TME, and clinical advances in targeting the immune, vascular, and stromal aspects of the TME. RECENT FINDINGS Although immunotherapies have shown limited success in the treatment of pediatric solid tumor patients thus far, optimization of these approaches to overcome the TME shows promise. In addition, there is increasing focus on the myeloid compartment as a therapeutic target. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) targeting has resulted in responses in some refractory pediatric solid tumors. There has been relatively little focus on stromal targeting; however, emerging preclinical data are improving our understanding of underlying biology, paving the way for future therapies. SUMMARY Although translation of TME-targeting therapies for pediatric solid tumors is in the early stages, we are optimistic that continued exploration of approaches aimed at rebalancing the TME will lead to improved outcomes for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Wessel
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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11
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Ilanchezhian M, Varghese DG, Glod JW, Reilly KM, Widemann BC, Pommier Y, Kaplan RN, Del Rivero J. Pediatric adrenocortical carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:961650. [PMID: 36387865 PMCID: PMC9659577 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.961650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy of the adrenal gland with an unfavorable prognosis. It is rare in the pediatric population, with an incidence of 0.2-0.3 patients per million in patients under 20 years old. It is primarily associated with Li-Fraumeni and Beckwith-Wiedemann tumor predisposition syndromes in children. The incidence of pediatric ACC is 10-15fold higher in southern Brazil due to a higher prevalence of TP53 mutation associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome in that population. Current treatment protocols are derived from adult ACC and consist of surgery and/or chemotherapy with etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (EDP) with mitotane. Limited research has been reported on other treatment modalities for pediatric ACC, including mitotane, pembrolizumab, cabozantinib, and chimeric antigen receptor autologous cell (CAR-T) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maran Ilanchezhian
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diana Grace Varghese
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John W. Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karlyne M. Reilly
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brigitte C. Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Rare Tumor Initiative, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Jaydira Del Rivero,
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12
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Kaplan RN. Abstract IA16: Immune suppression in cancer and strategies for its reversal. Cancer Immunol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6074.tumimm21-ia16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The microenvironment is involved in multiple aspect of cancer progression. Tumor metastasis is a critical step in the progression of solid tumors that is associated with patient mortality, and the metastatic microenvironment is key regulator of this process. The pre-metastatic niche is the microenvironment important for metastatic initiation that is established at distant sites in response to primary tumor factors during cancer progression. We characterized this microenvironment which involves changes in both stromal and immune populations in the lungs of sarcoma-bearing mice and in the liver in pancreatic- bearing mice by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing approaches. We identified a gene signature in pre-metastatic niche formation that demonstrates upregulation of immune suppression genes that is consistent across different metastatic tissue including lung and liver as well as across species with commonalities in murine and human early metastatic microenvironments. Performing single cell RNA sequencing of the pre-metastatic niche revealed key immune suppressive genes were found in the myeloid cell clusters. In addition to the increase of myeloid cells and immunosuppressive pathways, we discovered that T cell populations are reduced in pre-metastatic lungs. We hypothesized that reversing this immunosuppressive environment would restore T cell function and antitumor immunity. We designed a novel approach in which we generated Genetically-Engineered Myeloid cells (GEMys) to deliver IL-12, a potent antitumor molecule, into the pre-metastatic microenvironment. We evaluated the lungs by flow cytometry and observed that IL12-GEMy-treated mice had increased numbers of T cells and enhanced expression of activation markers, resulting in reduced metastasis and increased survival. This model was effective in an aggressive experimental metastasis model of pancreatic liver metastasis and was not only able to limit metastatic progression but was able to cure a subset of mice compared to rapid metastatic progression in the liver within a month in the untreated pancreatic cancer mice. When combined with chemotherapy pre-conditioning, IL12-GEMys cured mice of established tumors and generated long-lived T cell memory, as these mice were immune to subsequent tumor challenge. These studies demonstrate that IL12-GEMys can functionally modulate the core program of immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche to successfully rebalance the dysregulated metastatic microenvironment in cancer.
Citation Format: Rosandra N. Kaplan. Immune suppression in cancer and strategies for its reversal [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2021 Oct 5-6. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2022;10(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA16.
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13
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Li N, Torres MB, Spetz MR, Wang R, Peng L, Tian M, Dower CM, Nguyen R, Sun M, Tai CH, de Val N, Cachau R, Wu X, Hewitt SM, Kaplan RN, Khan J, St Croix B, Thiele CJ, Ho M. CAR T cells targeting tumor-associated exons of glypican 2 regress neuroblastoma in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100297. [PMID: 34195677 PMCID: PMC8233664 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting solid tumors must overcome several major obstacles, in particular, the identification of elusive tumor-specific antigens. Here, we devise a strategy to help identify tumor-specific epitopes. Glypican 2 (GPC2) is overexpressed in neuroblastoma. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, we show that exon 3 and exons 7-10 of GPC2 are expressed in cancer but are minimally expressed in normal tissues. Accordingly, we discover a monoclonal antibody (CT3) that binds exons 3 and 10 and visualize the complex structure of CT3 and GPC2 by electron microscopy. The potential of this approach is exemplified by designing CT3-derived chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells that regress neuroblastoma in mice. Genomic sequencing of T cells recovered from mice reveals the CAR integration sites that may contribute to CAR T cell proliferation and persistence. These studies demonstrate how RNA-seq data can be exploited to help identify tumor-associated exons that can be targeted by CAR T cell therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Exons
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glypicans/antagonists & inhibitors
- Glypicans/chemistry
- Glypicans/genetics
- Glypicans/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Molecular
- Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics
- Nervous System Neoplasms/mortality
- Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology
- Nervous System Neoplasms/therapy
- Neuroblastoma/genetics
- Neuroblastoma/mortality
- Neuroblastoma/pathology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Burden
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madeline B. Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Madeline R. Spetz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Luyi Peng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meijie Tian
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Christopher M. Dower
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rosa Nguyen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ming Sun
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chin-Hsien Tai
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Natalia de Val
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Raul Cachau
- Data Science and Information Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brad St Croix
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mitchell Ho
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Li MO, Wolf N, Raulet DH, Akkari L, Pittet MJ, Rodriguez PC, Kaplan RN, Munitz A, Zhang Z, Cheng S, Bhardwaj N. Innate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell 2021; 39:725-729. [PMID: 34129817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) is a complex ecosystem that contains adaptive and innate immune cells that have tumor-promoting and anti-tumor effects. There is still much to learn about the diversity, plasticity, and functions of innate immune cells in the TIME and their roles in determining the response to immunotherapies. Experts discuss recent advances in our understanding of their biology in cancer as well as outstanding questions and potential therapeutic avenues.
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15
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Contreras CF, Kaczanowska S, Kaplan RN. Function of circulating myeloid cells in healthy donors and patients with metastatic solid tumors. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.101.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Monocytes are a heterogeneous group of mononuclear innate immune cells that have diverse inflammatory responses. In the context of cancer, monocytes and monocyte-derived cells have been evaluated for their pro- and anti-tumoral effects in the tumor microenvironment. These functions range from induction of tumor cell death to suppression of T cells, promotion of angiogenesis and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Outside of the primary tumor, monocytes in circulation maintain their dichotomous role in cancer immunosurveillance. Specifically, patrolling non-classical CD14−CD16+ monocytes have been found to play a role in the prevention of metastasis. In contrast, CD14+ monocyte-derived cells from patients with solid tumors have been shown to promote tumor progression. Therefore, understanding this monocytic heterogeneity as well as other unexplored roles (i.e. monocyte-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells) is crucially important for malignancies with high rates of metastasis. Yet, the phenotypic and functional diversity of circulating monocytes in patients with metastatic solid malignancies is still largely unknown. In this study, we sought to characterize and compare peripheral blood monocytes obtained from healthy donors and patients with advanced stage solid tumors. Through flow cytometric analysis and functional assays, we determined the subpopulation distributions as well as the phagocytic and suppressive activities of the monocytic compartment in patients with advanced cancer and healthy controls. Providing new insights into their cancer-related functions, we highlight the need for consideration of circulating monocytes into immune-targeting approaches in metastatic solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina F Contreras
- 1Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Sabina Kaczanowska
- 1Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- 1Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
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Kaczanowska S, Beury DW, Gopalan V, Tycko AK, Qin H, Clements ME, Drake J, Nwanze C, Murgai M, Rae Z, Ju W, Alexander KA, Kline J, Contreras CF, Wessel KM, Patel S, Hannenhalli S, Kelly MC, Kaplan RN. Genetically engineered myeloid cells rebalance the core immune suppression program in metastasis. Cell 2021; 184:2033-2052.e21. [PMID: 33765443 PMCID: PMC8344805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and greater knowledge of the metastatic microenvironment is necessary to effectively target this process. Microenvironmental changes occur at distant sites prior to clinically detectable metastatic disease; however, the key niche regulatory signals during metastatic progression remain poorly characterized. Here, we identify a core immune suppression gene signature in pre-metastatic niche formation that is expressed predominantly by myeloid cells. We target this immune suppression program by utilizing genetically engineered myeloid cells (GEMys) to deliver IL-12 to modulate the metastatic microenvironment. Our data demonstrate that IL12-GEMy treatment reverses immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche by activating antigen presentation and T cell activation, resulting in reduced metastatic and primary tumor burden and improved survival of tumor-bearing mice. We demonstrate that IL12-GEMys can functionally modulate the core program of immune suppression in the pre-metastatic niche to successfully rebalance the dysregulated metastatic microenvironment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kaczanowska
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Daniel W Beury
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Arielle K Tycko
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiying Qin
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Miranda E Clements
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Justin Drake
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chiadika Nwanze
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meera Murgai
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zachary Rae
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Wei Ju
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jessica Kline
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cristina F Contreras
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin M Wessel
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shil Patel
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Torres MB, Diggs LP, Wei JS, Khan J, Miettinen M, Fasaye GA, Gillespie A, Widemann BC, Kaplan RN, Davis JL, Hernandez JM, Rivero JD. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated germline pathogenic variant in adrenocortical carcinoma. Cancer Genet 2021; 256-257:21-25. [PMID: 33836455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy arising from the adrenal cortex. ACC carries a dismal prognosis and surgery offers the only chance for a cure. Germline pathogenic variants among certain oncogenes have been implicated in ACC. Here, we report the first case of ACC in a patient with a pathogenic variant in the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS A 56-year-old Caucasian woman with biopsy proven ACC deemed unresectable and treated with etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin (EDP), and mitotane presented to our institution for evaluation. The tumor specimen was examined pathologically, and genetic analyses were performed on the tumor and germline using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS Pathologic evaluation revealed an 18.0 × 14.0 × 9.0 cm low-grade ACC with tumor free resection margins. Immunohistochemistry stained for inhibin, melan-A, and chromogranin. ClinOmics analysis revealed a germline pathogenic deletion mutation of one nucleotide in ATM is denoted as c.1215delT at the cDNA level and p.Asn405LysfsX15 (N405KfsX15) at the protein level. Genomic analysis of the tumor showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosome 11 on which the ATM resides. CONCLUSION ACC is an aggressive malignancy for which surgical resection currently offers the only curative option. Here we report a heterozygous loss-of-function mutation in germline DNA and LOH of ATM in tumor in an ACC patient, a classic two-hit scenario in a well-known cancer suppresser gene, suggesting a pathogenic role of the ATM gene in certain ACC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline B Torres
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Laurence P Diggs
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Grace-Ann Fasaye
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Andy Gillespie
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeremy L Davis
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jonathan M Hernandez
- Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, United States.
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Boal LH, Glod J, Spencer M, Kasai M, Derdak J, Dombi E, Ahlman M, Beury DW, Merchant MS, Persenaire C, Liewehr DJ, Steinberg SM, Widemann BC, Kaplan RN. Pediatric PK/PD Phase I Trial of Pexidartinib in Relapsed and Refractory Leukemias and Solid Tumors Including Neurofibromatosis Type I-Related Plexiform Neurofibromas. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:6112-6121. [PMID: 32943455 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simultaneously targeting the tumor and tumor microenvironment may hold promise in treating children with refractory solid tumors. Pexidartinib, an oral inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R), KIT, and FLT3, is FDA approved in adults with tenosynovial giant cell tumor. A phase I trial was conducted in pediatric and young adult patients with refractory leukemias or solid tumors including neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas. PATIENTS AND METHODS A rolling six design with dose levels (DL) of 400 mg/m2, 600 mg/m2, and 800 mg/m2 once daily for 28-day cycles (C) was used. Response was assessed at regular intervals. Pharmacokinetics and population pharmacokinetics were analyzed during C1. RESULTS Twelve patients (4 per DL, 9 evaluable) enrolled on the dose-escalation phase and 4 patients enrolled in the expansion cohort: median (lower, upper quartile) age 16 (14, 16.5) years. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Pharmacokinetics appeared linear over three DLs. Pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation determined a weight-based recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Two patients had stable disease and 1 patient with peritoneal mesothelioma (C49+) had a sustained partial response (67% RECIST reduction). Pharmacodynamic markers included a rise in plasma macrophage CSF (MCSF) levels and a decrease in absolute monocyte count. CONCLUSIONS Pexidartinib in pediatric patients was well tolerated at all DL tested, achieved target inhibition, and resulted in a weight-based RPD2 dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren H Boal
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, D.C
| | - John Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa Spencer
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Miki Kasai
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joanne Derdak
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eva Dombi
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Ahlman
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel W Beury
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melinda S Merchant
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christianne Persenaire
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David J Liewehr
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Seth M Steinberg
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Schischlik F, Lee JS, Shah N, Kaplan RN, Thiele CJ, Widemann B, Ruppin E. Abstract A46: Charting the synthetic lethality landscape in pediatric cancer to advance whole-exome precision-based treatments. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.pedca19-a46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the challenges in pediatric cancer (PC) research is that cancers in children are uncommon and are quite different from adults. Much of the research in adult cancers is focused on studying cancer driver genes, aiming at their therapeutic targeting. However, PCs are often driven by relatively few genetic alterations that are distinct from those that occur in adult cancers. Here we apply a novel data-driven approach to identify the synthetic lethality (SL) networks of several different pediatric cancers. These provide a new platform for discovering novel vulnerabilities in primary tumors from PCs that extends previous approaches commonly used in adult cancer. SL interactions denote the relationship between two genes whose combined inactivation is lethal to the cell, while their individual inactivation is not. To identify the SL landscape characteristic of a specific pediatric cancer, we mined the relevant pediatric cell line and patients’ tumor data in the TARGET database. Our computational framework consists of four inference steps: For SL interactions, we first identify putative SL gene pairs from the pediatric cell line dependency map generated by in vitro RNAi/CRISPR screens (depmap). Second, among the candidate gene pairs that pass the first step, we select those gene pairs whose co-inactivation is under-represented in pediatric tumors, indicating that they are selected against. Third, we further prioritize candidate SL pairs whose co-inactivation is associated with better prognosis, indicating that they may hamper tumor progression. Finally, we prioritize SL paired genes with similar evolutionary phylogenetic profiles. Applying this approach to analyze TARGET data, we identify the first genome-wide SL networks in five pediatric tumors including Wilms’ tumor, neuroblastoma, AML, ALL, and osteosarcoma. The predicted SL interactions are first tested and validated via experimental in vitro CRISPR screens. Second, we show that the PC specific SL networks are predictive of drug response in pediatric cell lines but not in adult cell lines of the corresponding tumor type. These results establish that the predicted SL interactions offer an exciting venue for developing predictive biomarkers specific for PC treatments. Importantly, these predictions were performed in an unsupervised manner, reducing the known risk of over-fitting and lack of generalizability commonly associated with supervised prediction methods. Notably, our analysis identifies many SL partners of key drivers of PCs such as WT1, MYCN, and ATRX, and the key interactions discovered include ATRX-MAP kinases, MYCN-CDC6 (cell cycle regulation), and DNMT1-HK2. These provide novel selective drug target candidates for the tumors driven by these genes and lay a basis for new treatment combinations. Taken together, these results lay a basis for a new paradigm for whole-exome SL-based precision treatments in pediatric oncology, complementing existing mutation- and fusion-based approaches.
Citation Format: Fiorella Schischlik, Joo Sang Lee, Nirali Shah, Rosandra N. Kaplan, Carol J. Thiele, Brigitte Widemann, Eytan Ruppin. Charting the synthetic lethality landscape in pediatric cancer to advance whole-exome precision-based treatments [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Advances in Pediatric Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 17-20; Montreal, QC, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(14 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Kaczanowska
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Mian I, Abdullaev Z, Morrow B, Kaplan RN, Gao S, Miettinen M, Schrump DS, Zgonc V, Wei JS, Khan J, Pack S, Hassan R. Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene Rearrangement in Children and Young Adults With Mesothelioma. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:457-461. [PMID: 31783178 PMCID: PMC7044061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children and young adults diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma may have unique genetic characteristics. In this study, we evaluated for the presence of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocations in these patients. METHODS In a prospective study of mesothelioma natural history (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01950572), we assessed for the presence of the ALK translocation in patients younger than 40 years, irrespective of the site of disease. The presence of this translocation was assessed by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). If the patients tested positive for the ALK translocation, both immunohistochemistry and RNA sequencing were performed on the tumor specimen. RESULTS Between September 2013 and December 2018, 373 patients were enrolled in the mesothelioma natural history study, of which 32 patients were 40 years old or younger at the time of their mesothelioma diagnosis. There were 25 patients with peritoneal mesothelioma, five with pleural mesothelioma, one with pericardial mesothelioma, and one with bicompartmental mesothelioma. Presence of an ALK translocation by FISH was seen in two of the 32 patients (6%) with mesothelioma. Both patients, a 14-year-old female and a 27-year-old male, had peritoneal mesothelioma and had no history of asbestos exposure, prior radiation therapy, or predisposing germline mutations. Neither had detectable ALK expression by immunohistochemistry. RNA sequencing revealed the presence of an STRN fusion partner in the female patient but failed to identify any fusion protein in the male patient. CONCLUSIONS Young patients with peritoneal mesothelioma should be evaluated for the presence of ALK translocations. Presence of this translocation should be assessed by FISH and these patients could potentially benefit from tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting ALK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idrees Mian
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Betsy Morrow
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shaojian Gao
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David S Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Valerie Zgonc
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun S Wei
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Svetlana Pack
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Raffit Hassan
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Miettinen M, Felisiak-Golabek A, Luiña Contreras A, Glod J, Kaplan RN, Killian JK, Lasota J. New fusion sarcomas: histopathology and clinical significance of selected entities. Hum Pathol 2019; 86:57-65. [PMID: 30633925 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Many sarcomas contain gene fusions that can be pathogenetic mechanisms and diagnostic markers. In this article we review selected fusion sarcomas and techniques for their detection. CIC-DUX4 fusion sarcoma is a round cell tumor now considered an entity separate from Ewing sarcoma with a more aggressive clinical course, occurrence in older age, and predilection to soft tissues. It is composed of larger cells than Ewing sarcoma and often has prominent necrosis. Nuclear DUX4 expression is a promising immuno histochemical marker. BCOR-CCNB3 fusion sarcoma is cyclin B3-positive, usually occurs in bone or soft tissue of children, and may mimic a poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. EWSR1-NFATC2 sarcoma may present in bone or soft tissue. It is typically composed of small round cells in a trabecular pattern in a myxoid matrix resembling myoepithelioma. ACTB-GLI1 fusion sarcoma may mimic a skin adnexal carcinoma, showing focal expression of epithelial markers and S100 protein. NTRK-fusion sarcomas include, in addition to infantile fibrosarcoma with ETV6-NTRK3 fusion, LMNA-NTRK1 fusion sarcoma, a low-grade spindle cell sarcoma seen in peripheral soft tissues in children and young adults. Methods to detect gene fusions include next-generation sequencing panels, anchored multiplex polymerase chain reaction systems to detect partner for a known fusion gene, and comprehensive RNA sequencing to detect virtually all gene fusions. In situ hybridization testing using probes for both fusion partners can be used as an alternative confirmation technique, especially in the absence of satisfactory RNA yield. In addition, fusion protein-related and other immunohistochemical markers can have a high specificity for fusion sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, MD.
| | | | | | - John Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, MD
| | - Jonathan Keith Killian
- Genetics Branch, NIH, Bethesda 20892, Maryland, and Foundation Medicine, Cambridge 02141, MA
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda 20892, MD
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Ju W, Yeung CL, Mendoza A, Murgai M, Kaczanowska S, Zhu J, Patel S, Stewart DA, Fogler WE, Magnani JL, Kaplan RN. Abstract 5211: Dual E-selectin and CXCR4 inhibition reduces tumor growth and metastatic progression in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in children and young adults and has a strong propensity to develop lung metastases. E-selectin is known to be involved in the focal adhesion of tumor cells to cytokine exposed endothelial cells and we postulated may play a central role in osteosarcoma progression. Previously we identified that SDF-1, the main ligand for CXCR4, was upregulated in the pre-metastatic niche (Kaplan et al Nature 2005). Many tumor cells express CXCR4 and may use this signaling pathway to direct disseminated tumor cells to pre- and early metastatic sites in the lung. Based on these findings we examined human osteosarcoma cell lines and primary patient derived xenografts (PDXs) for the expression of CXCR4 and E-selectin ligands by flow cytometry. We found robust expression of these ligands in the majority of both the human osteosarcoma cell lines and PDXs examined. We therefore, investigated the impact of targeting these two axes on metastatic progression of orthotopic osteosarcoma using a small molecule, glycomimetic compound with dual inhibitory activity against E-selectin and CXCR4, GMI-1359. Five days post paratibial injection the HOS cell line, female NMRI-nu mice (n=12/group) were treated with saline; GMI-1359 alone (40 mg/kg IP BID x 25 days); doxorubicin (DOX) alone (5 mg/kg IV days 5, 15 and 25), or the combination of GMI-1359 and DOX. All treatments were well tolerated. The % tumor volume in treatment/control on day 27 of mice treated with GMI-1359, DOX or the combination was 35.5, 36.7 and 32.5, respectively. At study conclusion the incidence of lung metastases was approximately 60% and 50% in mice treated with saline or DOX and 15% in mice treated with GMI-1369 alone or in combination with DOX. Moreover, the extent of ectopic bone formation and/or osteolytic lesions was lower in mice treated with GMI-1359 compared to saline and DOX. These results indicate that the E-selectin and CXCR4 axes are important for the progression of osteosarcoma, and further, that inhibition of these two pro-tumor growth components by GMI-1359 has a therapeutic advantage over chemotherapy alone. Furthermore, studies in the adjuvant setting can provide proof of concept of utility of targeting CXCR4 and E- selectin ligands in the metastatic niche as a therapeutic strategy to limit metastatic progression in high risk patients.
Citation Format: Wei Ju, Choh L. Yeung, Arnulfo Mendoza, Meera Murgai, Sabina Kaczanowska, Jennifer Zhu, Shil Patel, David A. Stewart, William E. Fogler, John L. Magnani, Rosandra N. Kaplan. Dual E-selectin and CXCR4 inhibition reduces tumor growth and metastatic progression in an orthotopic model of osteosarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ju
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shil Patel
- 1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
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Goyal N, Apolo AB, Berman ED, Bagheri MH, Levine JE, Glod JW, Kaplan RN, Machado LB, Folio LR. ENABLE (Exportable Notation and Bookmark List Engine): an Interface to Manage Tumor Measurement Data from PACS to Cancer Databases. J Digit Imaging 2018; 30:275-286. [PMID: 28074302 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-016-9938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncologists evaluate therapeutic response in cancer trials based on tumor quantification following selected "target" lesions over time. At our cancer center, a majority of oncologists use Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 quantifying tumor progression based on lesion measurements on imaging. Currently, our oncologists handwrite tumor measurements, followed by multiple manual data transfers; however, our Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS) (Carestream Health, Rochester, NY) has the ability to export tumor measurements, making it possible to manage tumor metadata digitally. We developed an interface, "Exportable Notation and Bookmark List Engine" (ENABLE), which produces prepopulated RECIST v1.1 worksheets and compiles cohort data and data models from PACS measurement data, thus eliminating handwriting and manual data transcription. We compared RECIST v1.1 data from eight patients (16 computed tomography exams) enrolled in an IRB-approved therapeutic trial with ENABLE outputs: 10 data fields with a total of 194 data points. All data in ENABLE's output matched with the existing data. Seven staff were taught how to use the interface with a 5-min explanatory instructional video. All were able to use ENABLE successfully without additional guidance. We additionally assessed 42 metastatic genitourinary cancer patients with available RECIST data within PACS to produce a best response waterfall plot. ENABLE manages tumor measurements and associated metadata exported from PACS, producing forms and data models compatible with cancer databases, obviating handwriting and the manual re-entry of data. Automation should reduce transcription errors and improve efficiency and the auditing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Goyal
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CC, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrea B Apolo
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eliana D Berman
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, NCI, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mohammad Hadi Bagheri
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CC, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jason E Levine
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John W Glod
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, CCR, NCI, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Laura B Machado
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CC, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Les R Folio
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, CC, NIH, Building 10, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Murgai M, Ju W, Eason M, Kline J, Beury DW, Kaczanowska S, Miettinen MM, Kruhlak M, Lei H, Shern JF, Cherepanova OA, Owens GK, Kaplan RN. KLF4-dependent perivascular cell plasticity mediates pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Nat Med 2017; 23:1176-1190. [PMID: 28920957 PMCID: PMC5724390 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A deeper understanding of the metastatic process is required for the development of new therapies that improve patient survival. Metastatic tumor cell growth and survival in distant organs is facilitated by the formation of a pre-metastatic niche composed of hematopoietic cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Perivascular cells, including vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes, are involved in new vessel formation and in promoting stem cell maintenance and proliferation. Given the well-described plasticity of perivascular cells, we hypothesize that perivascular cells similarly regulate tumor cell fate at metastatic sites. Using perivascular cell-specific and pericyte-specific lineage-tracing models, we trace the fate of perivascular cells in the pre-metastatic and metastatic microenvironments. We show that perivascular cells lose the expression of traditional vSMC/pericyte markers in response to tumor-secreted factors and exhibit increased proliferation, migration, and ECM synthesis. Increased expression of the pluripotency gene Klf4 in these phenotypically-switched perivascular cells promotes a less differentiated state characterized by enhanced ECM production that establishes a pro-metastatic fibronectin-rich environment. Genetic inactivation of Klf4 in perivascular cells decreases pre-metastatic niche formation and metastasis. Our data reveal a previously unidentified role for perivascular cells in pre-metastatic niche formation and uncover novel strategies for limiting metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Murgai
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Ju
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew Eason
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Kline
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel W Beury
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabina Kaczanowska
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Markku M Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Kruhlak
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haiyan Lei
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack F Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Olga A Cherepanova
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Hittson L, Glod J, Amaya M, Derdak J, Widemann BC, Kaplan RN. Phase I study of pexidartinib (PLX3397) in children with refractory leukemias and solid tumors including neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) related plexiform neurofibromas (PN). J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.10546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10546 Background: Refractory tumors remain a significant treatment challenge, and novel approaches targeting the tumor microenvironment may hold promise. Pexidartinib, an oral inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including CSF1R, KIT and FLT3, has activity in adults with tenosynovial giant cell tumor. Methods: We are conducting a phase 1 trial (NCT02390752) to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and plasma pharmacokinetics (PK) of pexidartinib in patients (pts) 3-21 years old with refractory leukemias and solid tumors including NF1 PN. The MTD is based on cycle (C) 1 toxicities. Pexidartinib is given once daily continuously (1C = 28 days) at DL 1: 400 mg/m2/dose, 2: 600mg/m2/dose, or 3: 800 mg/ m2/dose. Response is assessed after C1 and then every other C, and for NF1 PN with volumetric MRI analysis after every 4 C. Results: Fourteen pts (8 M:6 F, median age 16 years, (range 4-21) with CNS tumors (n = 2), sarcomas (n = 7), peritoneal mesothelioma (n = 1), leukemia (n = 1), NF1 PN (n = 3) have enrolled at DL1 (n = 4), DL2 (n = 4) and DL3 (n = 6). No dose-limiting toxicities have been observed and 11 pts are evaluable for MTD determination (received ≥ 85% of pexidartinib doses in C1). Common non-DLT toxicities are fatigue, decrease in WBC, increase in creatinine kinase and serum amylase, headache, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, and hair hypopigmentation. Mean (SD) pexidartinib C1 day 1 PK parameters at [DL1 (n = 4), DL2 (n = 4), and DL3 (n = 4)] were: Cmax DL1 2,813 ng/mL (1,483), DL2 6,065 ng/mL (1,308), DL3 10,323 ng/mL (2,129); AUC0-24h DL1 44,492 ng·h/mL (12,904), DL2 76,569 ng·h/mL (25,790), DL3 132,903ng·h/mL (40,482). The mean (SD) accumulation ratio (C1 D15 AUC0-24h : C1 D1 AUC0-24h ) was 3.9 (0.7) for DL1, 2.4 (0.3) for DL2, and 1.4 (0.6) for DL3. Pts received a median of 1 C (range (1-21+). Pts with NF1 PN received 1, 4, and 6 C of pexidartinib and had stable disease. One pt with peritoneal mesothelioma is receiving C 21. Conclusions: In children, pexidartinib was tolerated at all dose levels, and the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) is 800 mg/m2/dose once daily. This dose exceeds the adult RP2D of 1000 mg/day. Enrollment on the expansion cohort is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02390752.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hittson
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - John Glod
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Melissa Amaya
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Kim A, Sharma K, Yarmolenko P, Celik H, Kaplan RN, Dome J, Musso L, Borys N, Partanen A, Warner L, Kim PCW. Phase 1 trial of lyso-thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin (LTLD) and magnetic resonance guided high intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU) for pediatric refractory solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.tps10579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS10579 Background: Prognosis for children and young adults with refractory solid tumors remains unacceptably poor. Current approaches have reached the limits of maximal dose intensification, and the acute and late side effects of therapy are substantial. MR-HIFU is an innovative therapy that uses an external applicator to focus ultrasound energy inside a tumor non-invasively and without radiation. The resulting heating is precisely controlled and accurately targeted with the aid of MR thermometry and anatomic imaging. The flexibility and control over local heating by MR-HIFU provide an ideal system to be used with LTLD, a novel formulation of liposomal doxorubicin with the unique property of rapid heat-activated release of doxorubicin, an active agent in most pediatric solid tumors. The potential synergistic effects include enhanced permeability of the tumor vasculature, enhanced extravasation of the drug and subsequent high local concentrations of doxorubicin in the targeted tumor, inhibition of DNA repair, and stimulation of immune responses. Methods: This is the first pediatric trial of LTLD with MR-HIFU in refractory solid tumors (NCT02536183). Part A is a phase 1 dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of LTLD combined with MR-HIFU ablation in children. Part B combines LTLD at the MTD/RP2D with MR-HIFU induced mild hyperthermia (MHT) in an expanded cohort. Patients ≤21 (Part A) and ≤30 (Part B) years of age with refractory solid tumors at sites accessible to MR-HIFU, adequate organ function including cardiac function, and prior anthracycline dose of ≤ 450 mg/m2 are eligible. LTLD is administered intravenously over 30 min followed immediately by MR-HIFU on day 1 of a 21-day cycle. Patients can receive a maximum of 6 cycles (or lifetime of 600 mg/m2 of cumulative anthracycline) provided treatment is tolerated and have at least stable disease. Secondary objectives evaluate changes in quality of life and pharmacodynamic immune markers in children treated with LTLD and MR-HIFU. Clinical trial information: NCT02536183.
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Affiliation(s)
- AeRang Kim
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Karun Sharma
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Haydar Celik
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Jeffrey Dome
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
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Peinado H, Zhang H, Matei IR, Costa-Silva B, Hoshino A, Rodrigues G, Psaila B, Kaplan RN, Bromberg JF, Kang Y, Bissell MJ, Cox TR, Giaccia AJ, Erler JT, Hiratsuka S, Ghajar CM, Lyden D. Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:302-317. [PMID: 28303905 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1108] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well established that organs of future metastasis are not passive receivers of circulating tumour cells, but are instead selectively and actively modified by the primary tumour before metastatic spread has even occurred. Sowing the 'seeds' of metastasis requires the action of tumour-secreted factors and tumour-shed extracellular vesicles that enable the 'soil' at distant metastatic sites to encourage the outgrowth of incoming cancer cells. In this Review, we summarize the main processes and new mechanisms involved in the formation of the pre-metastatic niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Peinado
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Microenvironment and Metastasis Group, Department of Molecular Oncology, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Irina R Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Systems Oncology Group, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Avenida Brasília, Doca de Pedrouços, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ayuko Hoshino
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
| | - Goncalo Rodrigues
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bethan Psaila
- Centre for Haematology, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0HS, UK
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-Hatfield CRC, Room 1-3940, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Thomas R Cox
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Amato J Giaccia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sachie Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Stroncek DF, Lee DW, Ren J, Sabatino M, Highfill S, Khuu H, Shah NN, Kaplan RN, Fry TJ, Mackall CL. Elutriated lymphocytes for manufacturing chimeric antigen receptor T cells. J Transl Med 2017; 15:59. [PMID: 28298232 PMCID: PMC5353875 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1160-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells manufactured from autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) concentrates for the treatment of hematologic malignancies have been promising, but CAR T cell yields have been variable. This variability is due in part to the contamination of the PBMC concentrates with monocytes and granulocytes. METHODS Counter-flow elutriation allows for the closed system separation of lymphocytes from monocytes and granulocytes. We investigated the use of PBMC concentrates enriched for lymphocytes using elutriation for manufacturing 8 CD19- and 5 GD2-CAR T cell products. RESULTS When compared to PBMC concentrates, lymphocyte-enriched elutriation fractions contained greater proportions of CD3+ and CD56+ cells and reduced proportions of CD14+ and CD15+ cells. All 13 CAR T cell products manufactured using the elutriated lymphocytes yielded sufficient quantities of transduced CAR T cells to meet clinical dose criteria. The GD2-CAR T cell products contained significantly more T cells and transduced T cells than the CD19-CAR T cell products. A comparison of the yields of CAR T cells produced from elutriated lymphocytes with the yields of CAR T cells previous produced from cells isolated from PBMC concentrates by anti-CD3/CD28 bead selection or by anti-CD3/CD28 bead selection plus plastic adherence found that greater quantities of GD2-CAR T cells were produced from elutriated lymphocytes, but not CD19-CAR T cells. CONCLUSIONS Enrichment of PBMC concentrates for lymphocytes using elutriation increased the quantity of GD2-CAR T cells produced. These results provide further evidence that CAR T cell expansion is inhibited by monocytes and granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive-MSC-1184, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1184, USA.
| | - Daniel W Lee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Ren
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive-MSC-1184, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1184, USA
| | - Marianna Sabatino
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive-MSC-1184, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1184, USA
| | - Steven Highfill
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive-MSC-1184, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1184, USA
| | - Hanh Khuu
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, NIH Clinical Center, NIH, 10 Center Drive-MSC-1184, Building 10, Room 3C720, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1184, USA
| | - Nirali N Shah
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
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Peinado H, Alecˇković M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, García-Santos G, Ghajar CM, Nitadori-Hoshino A, Hoffman C, Badal K, Garcia BA, Callahan MK, Yuan J, Martins VR, Skog J, Kaplan RN, Brady MS, Wolchok JD, Chapman PB, Kang Y, Bromberg J, Lyden D. Corrigendum: Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med 2016; 22:1502. [PMID: 27923027 DOI: 10.1038/nm1216-1502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Hematopoietic cells are increasingly recognized as playing key roles in tumor growth and metastatic progression. Although many studies have focused on the functional interaction of hematopoietic cells with tumor cells, few have examined the regulation of hematopoiesis by the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche in the setting of cancer. Hematopoiesis occurs primarily in the bone marrow, and processes including expansion, mobilization, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors are tightly regulated by the specialized stem cell niche. Loss of niche components or the ability of stem cells to localize to the stem cell niche relieves HSCs of the restrictions imposed under normal homeostasis. In this review, we discuss how tumor-derived factors and therapeutic interventions disrupt structural and regulatory properties of the stem cell niche, resulting in niche invasion by hematopoietic malignancies, extramedullary hematopoiesis, myeloid skewing by peripheral tissue microenvironments, and lymphopenia. The key regulatory roles played by the bone marrow niche in hematopoiesis has implications for therapy-related toxicity and the successful development of immune-based therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber J Giles
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Christopher D Chien
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin M Reid
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deric M Park
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Nini RJ, El Touny LH, Murgai M, Kaplan RN, Green JE. Abstract 760: Identifying candidate genes that regulate tumor cell dormancy. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Tumor cells disseminate from the primary tumor site early in the disease process. These disseminated tumor cells may remain dormant for years and later become proliferative to cause clinical recurrence and morbidity. The goal of this study is to better understand the biological and genetic mechanisms driving this dormant to proliferative switch. We have developed a 3D culture system using the dormant murine mammary tumor cell line, D2.0R. D2.0R cells remain dormant when cultured on basement membrane extract (BME), and exit dormancy when supplemented with collagen-1 (col-1). We have characterized the gene expression profile of these cells exiting dormancy in 3D through microarray analysis, and developed a fourteen-gene dormancy signature by profile cross-referencing this expression profile to a tumor cell dormancy signature developed by Kim, R.S. et al (PLOS ONE 2012). We hypothesize that knocking down expression of genes upregulated in proliferative cells will hinder the ability of D2.0R cells to break dormancy in 3D culture supplemented with collagen-1. We have validated three genes by qPCR and are screening these upregulated genes for biological effects on proliferation by short-hairpin RNA or molecular inhibition of D2.0R cells in our 3D model. We conclude that this signature will provide useful insight into genetic drivers of the dormant to proliferative switch and potential candidates as therapeutic targets in recurrent disease.
Citation Format: Ryan J. Nini, Lara H. El Touny, Meera Murgai, Rosandra N. Kaplan, Jeffrey E. Green. Identifying candidate genes that regulate tumor cell dormancy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 760.
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Chang W, Brohl AS, Patidar R, Sindiri S, Shern JF, Wei JS, Song YK, Yohe ME, Gryder B, Zhang S, Calzone KA, Shivaprasad N, Wen X, Badgett TC, Miettinen M, Hartman KR, League-Pascual JC, Trahair TN, Widemann BC, Merchant MS, Kaplan RN, Lin JC, Khan J. MultiDimensional ClinOmics for Precision Therapy of Children and Adolescent Young Adults with Relapsed and Refractory Cancer: A Report from the Center for Cancer Research. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3810-20. [PMID: 26994145 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We undertook a multidimensional clinical genomics study of children and adolescent young adults with relapsed and refractory cancers to determine the feasibility of genome-guided precision therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Patients with non-central nervous system solid tumors underwent a combination of whole exome sequencing (WES), whole transcriptome sequencing (WTS), and high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism array analysis of the tumor, with WES of matched germline DNA. Clinically actionable alterations were identified as a reportable germline mutation, a diagnosis change, or a somatic event (including a single nucleotide variant, an indel, an amplification, a deletion, or a fusion gene), which could be targeted with drugs in existing clinical trials or with FDA-approved drugs. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients in 20 diagnostic categories were enrolled from 2010 to 2014. Ages ranged from 7 months to 25 years old. Seventy-three percent of the patients had prior chemotherapy, and the tumors from these patients with relapsed or refractory cancers had a higher mutational burden than that reported in the literature. Thirty patients (51% of total) had clinically actionable mutations, of which 24 (41%) had a mutation that was currently targetable in a clinical trial setting, 4 patients (7%) had a change in diagnosis, and 7 patients (12%) had a reportable germline mutation. CONCLUSIONS We found a remarkably high number of clinically actionable mutations in 51% of the patients, and 12% with significant germline mutations. We demonstrated the clinical feasibility of next-generation sequencing in a diverse population of relapsed and refractory pediatric solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3810-20. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Chang
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew S Brohl
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Sarcoma Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Rajesh Patidar
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sivasish Sindiri
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jack F Shern
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun S Wei
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Young K Song
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marielle E Yohe
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shile Zhang
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen A Calzone
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nityashree Shivaprasad
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas C Badgett
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Kentucky Children's Hospital, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kip R Hartman
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - James C League-Pascual
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland. Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Toby N Trahair
- Centre for Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brigitte C Widemann
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melinda S Merchant
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jimmy C Lin
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Long AH, Haso WM, Shern JF, Wanhainen KM, Murgai M, Ingaramo M, Smith JP, Walker AJ, Kohler ME, Venkateshwara VR, Kaplan RN, Patterson GH, Fry TJ, Orentas RJ, Mackall CL. 4-1BB costimulation ameliorates T cell exhaustion induced by tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptors. Nat Med 2015; 21:581-90. [PMID: 25939063 PMCID: PMC4458184 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1134] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 have mediated dramatic antitumor responses in hematologic malignancies, but tumor regression has rarely occurred using CARs targeting other antigens. It remains unknown whether the impressive effects of CD19 CARs relate to greater susceptibility of hematologic malignancies to CAR therapies, or superior functionality of the CD19 CAR itself. We show that tonic CAR CD3-ζ phosphorylation, triggered by antigen-independent clustering of CAR single-chain variable fragments, can induce early exhaustion of CAR T cells that limits antitumor efficacy. Such activation is present to varying degrees in all CARs studied, except the highly effective CD19 CAR. We further determine that CD28 costimulation augments, whereas 4-1BB costimulation reduces, exhaustion induced by persistent CAR signaling. Our results provide biological explanations for the antitumor effects of CD19 CARs and for the observations that CD19 CAR T cells incorporating the 4-1BB costimulatory domain are more persistent than those incorporating CD28 in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne H Long
- 1] Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Waleed M Haso
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jack F Shern
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelsey M Wanhainen
- 1] Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Biology, Colgate University, Hamilton, New York, USA
| | - Meera Murgai
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Ingaramo
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jillian P Smith
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alec J Walker
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - M Eric Kohler
- 1] Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. [2] Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas R Venkateshwara
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - George H Patterson
- Section on Biophotonics, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Terry J Fry
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rimas J Orentas
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Papaspyridonos M, Matei I, Huang Y, do Rosario Andre M, Brazier-Mitouart H, Waite JC, Chan AS, Kalter J, Ramos I, Wu Q, Williams C, Wolchok JD, Chapman PB, Peinado H, Anandasabapathy N, Ocean AJ, Kaplan RN, Greenfield JP, Bromberg J, Skokos D, Lyden D. Id1 suppresses anti-tumour immune responses and promotes tumour progression by impairing myeloid cell maturation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6840. [PMID: 25924227 PMCID: PMC4423225 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A central mechanism of tumour progression and metastasis involves the generation of an immunosuppressive ‘macroenvironment' mediated in part through tumour-secreted factors. Here we demonstrate that upregulation of the Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 (Id1), in response to tumour-derived factors, such as TGFβ, is responsible for the switch from dendritic cell (DC) differentiation to myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion during tumour progression. Genetic inactivation of Id1 largely corrects the myeloid imbalance, whereas Id1 overexpression in the absence of tumour-derived factors re-creates it. Id1 overexpression leads to systemic immunosuppression by downregulation of key molecules involved in DC differentiation and suppression of CD8 T-cell proliferation, thus promoting primary tumour growth and metastatic progression. Furthermore, advanced melanoma patients have increased plasma TGFβ levels and express higher levels of ID1 in myeloid peripheral blood cells. This study reveals a critical role for Id1 in suppressing the anti-tumour immune response during tumour progression and metastasis. Tumour progression is promoted by the generation of an immunosuppressive macroenvironment. Here, the authors demonstrate that the Inhibitor of Differentiation 1 promotes the switch from dendritic cell differentiation towards myeloid-derived suppressor cell expansion during tumour progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Papaspyridonos
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | - Yujie Huang
- 1] Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Maria do Rosario Andre
- 1] Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Oncology and Human Toxicology, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Helene Brazier-Mitouart
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | | | - April S Chan
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | - Julie Kalter
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
| | - Ilyssa Ramos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
| | - Qi Wu
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York 10591, USA
| | - Caitlin Williams
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- 1] Melanoma and Immunotherapy Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA [2] Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Paul B Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Hector Peinado
- 1] Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA [2] Tumor Metastasis Laboratory, Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Niroshana Anandasabapathy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue EBRC, Room 513, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
| | - Allyson J Ocean
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College and Medical Oncology/Solid Tumor Program, 1305 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10021, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Center for Cancer Research, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10-Hatfield CRC, Room 1-3940, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Greenfield
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | | | - David Lyden
- 1] Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories and Departments of Pediatrics and Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 413 East 69th Street, New York City, New York 10021, USA [2] Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York City, New York 10065, USA
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Highfill SL, Cui Y, Giles AJ, Smith JP, Zhang H, Morse E, Kaplan RN, Mackall CL. Disruption of CXCR2-mediated MDSC tumor trafficking enhances anti-PD1 efficacy. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:237ra67. [PMID: 24848257 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3007974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 528] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Suppression of the host's immune system plays a major role in cancer progression. Tumor signaling of programmed death 1 (PD1) on T cells and expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are major mechanisms of tumor immune escape. We sought to target these pathways in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood. Murine RMS showed high surface expression of PD-L1, and anti-PD1 prevented tumor growth if initiated early after tumor inoculation; however, delayed anti-PD1 had limited benefit. RMS induced robust expansion of CXCR2(+)CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi) MDSCs, and CXCR2 deficiency prevented CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi) MDSC trafficking to the tumor. When tumor trafficking of MDSCs was inhibited by CXCR2 deficiency, or after anti-CXCR2 monoclonal antibody therapy, delayed anti-PD1 treatment induced significant antitumor effects. Thus, CXCR2(+)CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi) MDSCs mediate local immunosuppression, which limits the efficacy of checkpoint blockade in murine RMS. Human pediatric sarcomas also produce CXCR2 ligands, including CXCL8. Patients with metastatic pediatric sarcomas display elevated serum CXCR2 ligands, and elevated CXCL8 is associated with diminished survival in this population. We conclude that accumulation of MDSCs in the tumor bed limits the efficacy of checkpoint blockade in cancer. We also identify CXCR2 as a novel target for modulating tumor immune escape and present evidence that CXCR2(+)CD11b(+)Ly6G(hi) MDSCs are an important suppressive myeloid subset in pediatric sarcomas. These findings present a translatable strategy to improve the efficacy of checkpoint blockade by preventing trafficking of MDSCs to the tumor site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Highfill
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yongzhi Cui
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amber J Giles
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jillian P Smith
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Morse
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rosandra N Kaplan
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Granitto SR, Giles A, Lavotshkin S, Rutigliano D, Lyden D, Kaplan RN. Abstract 4585: Breaking metastatic dormancy during surgical resection of a primary tumor and implications for treatment strategies. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
At the time of a cancer diagnosis, most patients have localized tumors. Despite elaborate staging schemas for each cancer type in an attempt to stratify patients, the vast majority of patients that die will do so from metastatic disease. We hypothesized that surgery augments the already ongoing activation and mobilization of bone marrow-derived progenitor cells that are critical to colonizing tumor cells at distant sites. These bone marrow-derived cells, by inducing a local inflamed tumor microenvironment, provide survival signals to these seeding tumor cells. Our data show increased metastatic burden in the lung after surgical resection of the primary tumor using two murine cancer models, B16 melanoma and E0771 breast carcinoma. In these models, we also show a surge in hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells in the hours and days immediately following resection of the primary tumor, which is not similarly observed in control mice, where surgery was performed in the absence of the primary tumor. We also confirmed that a factor specific to the plasma of the tumor-bearing mice is responsible for this mobilization by using in vitro migration assays, whereby plasma from tumor-bearing mice and surgically resected mice induced an increased migration of lineage negative bone marrow cells compared to the plasma of wild type mice. We confirmed increased levels of MCP-1 and MCSF, both known to mobilize progenitor cells, in the plasma of mice with surgical resection. Additionally, targeting these bone marrow derived hematopoietic and endothelial progenitor cells with Pazopanib prevents the surge in bone marrow-derived cells into the circulation, abolishes the enhanced metastatic spread in mice undergoing surgical resection of the primary tumor, and provides a significant prolongation of survival. Finally, we correlated these data to a cohort of breast cancer patients where circulating levels of progenitor cells were analyzed at time points before and after surgery, which confirmed the mobilization of progenitor cells with surgery. Together, these results provide evidence for the increased risk of metastatic spread after surgical resection of the primary tumor and suggest that blocking progenitor cell mobilization by adjuvant treatment during or immediately following surgery, the incidence of metastatic recurrence may be reduced.
Citation Format: Selena R. Granitto, Amber Giles, Simon Lavotshkin, Daniel Rutigliano, David Lyden, Rosandra N. Kaplan. Breaking metastatic dormancy during surgical resection of a primary tumor and implications for treatment strategies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4585. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4585
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amber Giles
- 2National Cancer Insitute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Peinado H, Alečković M, Lavotshkin S, Matei I, Costa-Silva B, Moreno-Bueno G, Hergueta-Redondo M, Williams C, García-Santos G, Ghajar C, Nitadori-Hoshino A, Hoffman C, Badal K, Garcia BA, Callahan MK, Yuan J, Martins VR, Skog J, Kaplan RN, Brady MS, Wolchok JD, Chapman PB, Kang Y, Bromberg J, Lyden D. Melanoma exosomes educate bone marrow progenitor cells toward a pro-metastatic phenotype through MET. Nat Med 2012; 18:883-91. [PMID: 22635005 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2721] [Impact Index Per Article: 226.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes are emerging mediators of tumorigenesis. We explored the function of melanoma-derived exosomes in the formation of primary tumors and metastases in mice and human subjects. Exosomes from highly metastatic melanomas increased the metastatic behavior of primary tumors by permanently 'educating' bone marrow progenitors through the receptor tyrosine kinase MET. Melanoma-derived exosomes also induced vascular leakiness at pre-metastatic sites and reprogrammed bone marrow progenitors toward a pro-vasculogenic phenotype that was positive for c-Kit, the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2 and Met. Reducing Met expression in exosomes diminished the pro-metastatic behavior of bone marrow cells. Notably, MET expression was elevated in circulating CD45(-)C-KIT(low/+)TIE2(+) bone marrow progenitors from individuals with metastatic melanoma. RAB1A, RAB5B, RAB7 and RAB27A, regulators of membrane trafficking and exosome formation, were highly expressed in melanoma cells. Rab27A RNA interference decreased exosome production, preventing bone marrow education and reducing, tumor growth and metastasis. In addition, we identified an exosome-specific melanoma signature with prognostic and therapeutic potential comprised of TYRP2, VLA-4, HSP70, an HSP90 isoform and the MET oncoprotein. Our data show that exosome production, transfer and education of bone marrow cells supports tumor growth and metastasis, has prognostic value and offers promise for new therapeutic directions in the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Peinado
- Children’s Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Departments of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Abstract
The cancer environment is comprised of tumor cells as well as a wide network of stromal and vascular cells participating in the cellular and molecular events necessary for invasion and metastasis. Tumor secretory factors can activate the migration of host cells, both near to and far from the primary tumor site, as well as promote the exodus of cells to distant tissues. Thus, the migration of stromal cells and tumor cells among specialized microenvironments takes place throughout tumor and metastatic progression, providing evidence for the systemic nature of a malignancy. Investigations of the tumor-stromal and stromal-stromal cross-talk involved in cellular migration in cancer may lead to the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Wels
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
The long prevailing model of metastasis recognizes the importance of both "seed" and "soil" for metastatic progression [1]. Much attention has focused on understanding the molecular and genetic factors that confer an intrinsic metastatic advantage to certain tumor cells. Meanwhile, changes occurring within distant tissues, creating a "soil" conducive for tumor invasion, have been largely neglected. Bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) recently emerged as key players in initiating these early changes, creating a receptive microenvironment at designated sites for distant tumor growth and establishing the "Pre-Metastatic Niche" [2]. This insight into the earliest stages in the metastatic cascade revises our concept of the metastatic "microenvironment" to include physiological cells recruited from the bone marrow. Moreover, the concept of pre-metastatic tissues as 'niches' similar to physiological stem cell niches establishes a paradigm in which disseminated tumor cells may reside within a highly defined microcosm, both supportive and regulatory, and which may confer specific functions on indwelling cells. Understanding the cellular and molecular cross-talk between "seed" and "soil" may further our understanding of the factors that govern both site-specific patterning in metastasis and the phenomenon of tumor dormancy. This may lead to therapeutic strategies to detect and prevent metastasis at its earliest inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Psaila
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Abstract
Metastasis, the spread of invasive carcinoma to sites distant from the primary tumor, is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths (Weigelt, B., Peterse, J. L., & van 't Veer, L. J. (2005). Breast cancer metastasis: Markers and models. Nature Reviews. Cancer, 5, 591-602). Despite progress in other areas of cancer therapeutics, the complexities of this process remain poorly understood. Consequently, there are few successful treatments that directly target this stage of carcinogenesis. Particularly enigmatic is the tissue-specificity of different tumor types observed in metastatic spread. One example is the predilection of colon cancer to spread to liver whereas breast, prostate, and lung carcinomas have a particular affinity to target and proliferate in bone. In 1889, Stephen Paget observed that circulating tumour cells would only "seed" where there was "congenial soil". Since then, attention has focused on explaining the dynamic adhesive and migratory capabilities intrinsic to tumor cells. Meanwhile, the earliest changes occurring within distant tissues that prime the "soil" to receive incoming cancer cells have largely been neglected. Recent work characterizing the importance of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) in initiating these early changes has opened new avenues for cancer research and chemotherapeutic targeting (Kaplan, R. N., Riba, R. D., Zacharoulis, S., Bramley, A. H., Vincent, L., Costa, C., et al. (2005). VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature, 438, 820-827). This review discusses the inextricable relationship between bone stromal components, metastasizing cells, and bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells, and their roles in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Understanding these dynamics may help explain the tissue-specific tropism seen in metastasis. Moreover, exploring the earliest events promoting circulating cancer cells to engraft and establish at secondary sites may expose new targets for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and reduce the morbidity and mortality from metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Current focus on cancer metastasis has centered on the intrinsic factors regulating the cell autonomous homing of the tumor cells to the metastatic site. Specific up-regulation of fibronectin and clustering of bone marrow-derived cellular infiltrates coexpressing matrix metalloproteinases in distant tissue sites before tumor cell arrival are proving to be indispensable for the initial stages of metastasis. These bone marrow-derived hematopoietic progenitors that express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 mobilize in response to the unique array of growth factors produced by the primary tumor. Their arrival in distant sites represents early changes in the local microenvironment, termed the "premetastatic niche," which dictate the pattern of metastatic spread. Focus on the early cellular and molecular events in cancer dissemination and selectivity will likely lead to new approaches to detect and prevent metastasis at its earliest inception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N. Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - David Lyden
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University, New York, New York
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Abstract
During ontogenesis, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) relocate between extra-embryonic and embryonic compartments. Similarly, site-specific homing of HSCs is ongoing during adulthood. With the expanding knowledge of HSC physiology, a new paradigm emerges in which HSCs and haematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) migrate to defined microenvironments within the bone marrow (BM) and to 'activated' or 'inducible' niches elsewhere. Here, we summarize current understanding of HSC niche characteristics, and the physiological and pathological mechanisms that guide HSC homing both within the BM and to distant niches in the periphery, promoting new vessel growth in tumours and ischaemia. Recent observations suggest that features of the HSC niche might also be recapitulated in pre-metastatic sites. Clusters of BM-derived HPCs promote invasion of disseminating cancer cells. Clear clinical benefits can be foreseen by modulating HSCs and their microenvironments, in promoting tissue regeneration, and inhibiting tumourigenesis and cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill College of Medicine at Cornell University and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10021, USA
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44
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Kaplan RN, Riba RD, Zacharoulis S, Bramley AH, Vincent L, Costa C, MacDonald DD, Jin DK, Shido K, Kerns SA, Zhu Z, Hicklin D, Wu Y, Port JL, Altorki N, Port ER, Ruggero D, Shmelkov SV, Jensen KK, Rafii S, Lyden D. VEGFR1-positive haematopoietic bone marrow progenitors initiate the pre-metastatic niche. Nature 2005; 438:820-7. [PMID: 16341007 PMCID: PMC2945882 DOI: 10.1038/nature04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2265] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which a tumour cell undergoes metastasis to a predetermined location are largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that bone marrow-derived haematopoietic progenitor cells that express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1; also known as Flt1) home to tumour-specific pre-metastatic sites and form cellular clusters before the arrival of tumour cells. Preventing VEGFR1 function using antibodies or by the removal of VEGFR1(+) cells from the bone marrow of wild-type mice abrogates the formation of these pre-metastatic clusters and prevents tumour metastasis, whereas reconstitution with selected Id3 (inhibitor of differentiation 3)-competent VEGFR1+ cells establishes cluster formation and tumour metastasis in Id3 knockout mice. We also show that VEGFR1+ cells express VLA-4 (also known as integrin alpha4beta1), and that tumour-specific growth factors upregulate fibronectin--a VLA-4 ligand--in resident fibroblasts, providing a permissive niche for incoming tumour cells. Conditioned media obtained from distinct tumour types with unique patterns of metastatic spread redirected fibronectin expression and cluster formation, thereby transforming the metastatic profile. These findings demonstrate a requirement for VEGFR1+ haematopoietic progenitors in the regulation of metastasis, and suggest that expression patterns of fibronectin and VEGFR1+VLA-4+ clusters dictate organ-specific tumour spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N Kaplan
- Department of Pediatrics and the Children's Blood Foundation Laboratories, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with a firm knowledge of the major causes of thrombocytopenia and their treatments, and to form a broad differential diagnosis, so that it will be clearer when to consider a rare etiology. The various etiologies are presented by known disease entities, grouped by age,and described as they would occur and be considered in a realistic clinical setting. A brief categorization of causes of thrombocytopenia by mechanism, notably abnormal platelet production, platelet destruction, or sequestration, is included. With each disease process, the pathophysiology as it is currently known is described and discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited/diagnosis
- Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited/physiopathology
- Blood Coagulation Disorders, Inherited/therapy
- Blood Platelets/physiology
- Child
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/physiopathology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/therapy
- Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis
- Thrombocytopenia/etiology
- Thrombocytopenia/physiopathology
- Thrombocytopenia/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosandra N Kaplan
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, New York Presbyterian Hospital/Cornell Medical Center, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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