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Nakanishi T, Watanabe K, Erickson L, Kawahara S. Antemortem inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase causes changes in meat quality traits in broiler chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 75:106603. [PMID: 33453567 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is an enzyme that mediates endocrinological responses, such as intracellular signaling of insulin and growth factors, and plays important roles in muscle homeostasis and growth. In this study, the effect of antemortem PI3K activity on meat quality traits was investigated using broiler chickens whose PI3K was inhibited pharmacologically. Breast and thigh muscles were harvested from broilers treated with the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and meat quality traits were evaluated by determination of color, water-holding capacity, and breaking strength. The pH and concentrations of glycogen and free amino acids were also investigated as determinants of the chemical properties of meat. The results indicated that antemortem PI3K inhibition by wortmannin modified breast muscle color with lower L∗ values (P < 0.05) and b∗ values (P < 0.05) and higher a∗ values (P < 0.05). Antemortem PI3K inhibition also increased the water-holding capacity of breast muscles (P < 0.05), although breaking strength was not much affected. In addition, antemortem PI3K inhibition increased the concentrations of free amino acids in breast muscles, especially arginine (P < 0.05) and glutamic acid (P < 0.05). Similar effects were observed in thigh muscles. Lower glycogen levels at sacrifice (P < 0.05) and the resultant higher pH during the postmortem period (P < 0.05) were associated with PI3K inhibition-induced changes in meat quality traits. The wortmannin-treated muscles shared certain features with dark, firm, and dry meat which is a common abnormal meat. These findings suggest that antemortem PI3K activity contributes to meat quality traits and is involved in the molecular mechanism of the production of meat quality abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakanishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - K Watanabe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - L Erickson
- Department of Biology, Harold Washington City College of Chicago, 30 E. Lake St, Chicago, IL 60601, USA; Department of Health Sciences, Blitstein Institute of Hebrew Theological College, 2606 W. Touhy Ave, Chicago, IL 60645, USA
| | - S Kawahara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan.
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Thuong NT, Linh NPD, Ha CH, Nghia PT, Kawahara S. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF NANOCOMPOSITE FROM NR AND NATURAL NA+-MONTMORILLONITE. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2020. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.20.80408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
NR/Na+-montmorillonite (NR/Na+-MMT) nanocomposites were prepared through mixing in the latex stage. NR/Na+-MMT nanocomposites with various amounts of Na+-MMT were fabricated using three types of NR latexes: fresh NR (FNR), high ammonia NR, and deproteinized NR latex. The Na+-MMT and NR latexes were characterized by particle size distribution and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The nanocomposite materials were then analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and contact angle measurements. The mechanical properties of the resulting products were measured by tensile testing machine. The composite prepared from FNR gave the best tensile strength at 3 phr MMT loading. The outstanding properties are proposed to be due to the contribution of the water-soluble compounds present in FNR that possess similar hydrophilicity to Na+-MMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. T. Thuong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai co viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - N. P. D. Linh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai co viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - C. H. Ha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai co viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - P. T. Nghia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai co viet, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Science and Technology of Rubber, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Dai co viet, Ha Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S. Kawahara
- Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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So M, Miyamoto T, Murakami R, Kawahara S, Abiko K, Yamaguchi K, Horie A, Hamanishi J, Kondoh E, Baba T, Mandai M. The efficacy of secondary debulking surgery for recurrent ovarian, tubal and peritoneal cancer in low risk scores in the Tian model. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Usami S, Kawahara S, Yamaguchi Y, Hirase T. Homodigital artery flap reconstruction for fingertip amputation: a comparative study of the oblique triangular neurovascular advancement flap and the reverse digital artery island flap. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2015; 40:291-7. [PMID: 24300507 DOI: 10.1177/1753193413515134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This fingertip reconstruction study retrospectively compared sensory recovery and active range of motion outcomes in neurovascular island advancement and reverse digital artery island flaps. Seventeen oblique triangular flaps and 14 reverse digital artery island flaps were performed for nail bed level fingertip amputations (Ishikawa subzone II). There was no significant difference between the two procedures in the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and range of motion results. For static and moving two-point discrimination tests, however, those with a reverse digital artery island flap required a longer period for sensory recovery compared to those with an oblique triangular advancement flap. This trend equilibrated at 12 months after surgery showing no significant difference in both static and moving two-point discrimination tests between the procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Usami
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Hand Surgery & Sports Medicine Institute, Takatsuki Orthopaedic Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kawahara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Hand Surgery & Sports Medicine Institute, Takatsuki Orthopaedic Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo Hand Surgery & Sports Medicine Institute, Takatsuki Orthopaedic Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Hirase
- Yotsuya Medical Cube Hand Surgery and Microsurgery Center, Tokyo, Japan
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Fukuhara L, Kado N, Thuong NT, Loykulant S, Suchiva K, Kosugi K, Yamamoto Y, Ishii H, Kawahara S. NANOMATRIX STRUCTURE FORMED BY GRAFT COPOLYMERIZATION OF STYRENE ONTO FRESH NATURAL RUBBER. Rubber Chemistry and Technology 2015. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.14.85992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Fresh NR was adopted to prepare rubber with a nanomatrix structure. The nanomatrix structure was formed by graft-copolymerization of styrene onto deproteinized fresh NR (fresh DPNR) in the latex stage using tert-butyl hydroperoxide/tetraethylenepentamine as an initiator. Graft-copolymer consisting of fresh DPNR and polystyrene (fresh DPNR-graft-PS) was characterized by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Under a suitable condition of the graft-copolymerization, conversion and grafting efficiency of styrene was 98 and 80 mol%, respectively. Morphology of fresh DPNR-graft-PS was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The rubber particles of about 1 μm in diameter were found to be dispersed in polystyrene matrix of 10–30 nm in thickness. Tensile properties of fresh DPNR were dramatically improved by forming the nanomatrix structure, compared with DPNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Fukuhara
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2, Kunugida-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
| | - N. Kado
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - N. T. Thuong
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - S. Loykulant
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothinatural Rubberoad, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - K. Suchiva
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center, 114 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothinatural Rubberoad, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - K. Kosugi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
| | - Y. Yamamoto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2, Kunugida-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
| | - H. Ishii
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo National College of Technology, 1220-2, Kunugida-machi, Hachioji, Tokyo 193-0997, Japan
| | - S. Kawahara
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1, Kamitomioka-machi, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
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Biswas G, Korenaga H, Nagamine R, Kawahara S, Takeda S, Kikuchi Y, Dashnyam B, Yoshida T, Kono T, Sakai M. Elevated cytokine responses to Vibrio harveyi infection in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) treated with Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (06TCa22) isolated from the Mongolian dairy product. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:756-765. [PMID: 23769874 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the aim of evaluating the effect of a Mongolian dairy product derived Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (strain 06TCa22) (Lpp) on the cytokine-mediated immune responses to Vibrio harveyi infection, we examined 16 cytokine expressions in the Japanese pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes. Fish were orally treated with the heat-killed Lpp at 1 mg g(-1) body weight d(-1) for 3 days. At 24 h posttreatment, fish were infected by an intramuscular injection of 0.1 mL V. harveyi bacterial suspension (10(8) cfu mL(-1)). Additionally, superoxide anion production (SAP) and phagocytic activity (PA) of head kidney cells were assessed during 120 h postinfection period. Significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A/F-3, TNF-α and TNF-N), cell-mediated immune inducing (IL-12p35, IL-12p40 and IL-18), antiviral/intra-cellular pathogen killing (I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ), anti-inflammatory (IL-10) and lymphocyte agonistic (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21 and TGF-β1) cytokines was observed in the treated fish compared to control ones during the pathogen infection. Furthermore, significantly increased SAP and PA (P < 0.01; 0.05) were recorded in the treated fish compared to untreated fish. These results suggest the beneficial role of Lpp in enhancement of cytokine-mediated immunity in the Japanese pufferfish against V. harveyi infection and application of this product as a potential fish immunostimulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biswas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Biswas G, Korenaga H, Nagamine R, Takayama H, Kawahara S, Takeda S, Kikuchi Y, Dashnyam B, Kono T, Sakai M. Cytokine responses in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) head kidney cells induced with heat-killed probiotics isolated from the Mongolian dairy products. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:1170-1177. [PMID: 23422813 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytokine responses in the Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes) head kidney (HK) cells to heat-killed lactic acid bacteria probiotics isolated from the Mongolian dairy products were investigated by transcriptomic examination. The HK cells were incubated with two heat-killed bacteria, namely Lactobacillus paracasei spp. paracasei (strain 06TCa22) and L. plantarum (strain 06CC2) and the responses of 16 cytokine genes at 0 (control), 1, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h post-stimulation were assayed by multiplex RT-PCR analysis (GenomeLab Genetic Analysis System, GeXPS; Beckman Coulter, Inc.). The 16 genes included in the assay were pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A/F-3, TNF-α and TNF-N), cell-mediated immune regulators (IL-12p35, IL-12p40 and IL-18), antiviral (I-IFN-1 and IFN-γ) and other regulatory (IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21, IL-10 and TGF-β1) cytokines. Despite the differences in the transcriptional profiles, expression of all the cytokines tested here was significantly elevated by both the probiotic bacterial stimulants compared with the unstimulated control. Therefore, this in vitro study has demonstrated the modulation of cytokine defense mechanisms in the HK cells by the two heat-killed probiotics indicating their potentiality as novel immunostimulants to fish. However, strain-dependent varied expression of important cytokines (cell-mediated immune regulators, antiviral and anti-inflammatory cytokines) suggests better efficacy of L. paracasei spp. paracasei strain as fish immunostimulant. Further in vivo studies to elucidate the cytokine regulation networks will validate our present observations. A careful evaluation of ant-inflammatory properties may be undertaken using single strain to affirm the immunostimulatory capability. Moreover, application timings and frequency to assess the longevity of immunostimulant effects and to make the application cost-effective need to be evaluated before any practical use in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Biswas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Kawahara S, Matsuda S, Fukagawa S, Mitsuyasu H, Nakahara H, Higaki H, Shimoto T, Iwamoto Y. Upsizing the femoral component increases patellofemoral contact force in total knee replacement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:56-61. [PMID: 22219248 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.94b1.27514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In posterior stabilised total knee replacement (TKR) a larger femoral component is sometimes selected to manage the increased flexion gap caused by resection of the posterior cruciate ligament. However, concerns remain regarding the adverse effect of the increased anteroposterior dimensions of the femoral component on the patellofemoral (PF) joint. Meanwhile, the gender-specific femoral component has a narrower and thinner anterior flange and is expected to reduce the PF contact force. PF contact forces were measured at 90°, 120°, 130° and 140° of flexion using the NexGen Legacy Posterior Stabilized (LPS)-Flex Fixed Bearing Knee system using Standard, Upsized and Gender femoral components during TKR. Increasing the size of the femoral component significantly increased mean PF forces at 120°, 130° and 140° of flexion (p = 0.005, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). No difference was found in contact force between the Gender and the Standard components. Among the patients who had overhang of the Standard component, mean contact forces with the Gender component were slightly lower than those of the Standard component, but no statistical difference was found at 90°, 120°, 130° or 140° of flexion (p = 0.689, 0.615, 0.253 and 0.248, respectively). Upsized femoral components would increase PF forces in deep knee flexion. Gender-specific implants would not reduce PF forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, 3-1-1, Maidashi Higashi-ku, Fukuoka City 812-8582, Japan
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Mitsuyasu H, Matsuda S, Fukagawa S, Okazaki K, Tashiro Y, Kawahara S, Nakahara H, Iwamoto Y. Enlarged post-operative posterior condyle tightens extension gap in total knee arthroplasty. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 93:1210-6. [DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.93b9.25822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the extension gap in total knee replacement (TKR) would be changed when the femoral component was inserted. The extension gap was measured with and without the femoral component in place in 80 patients with varus osteoarthritis undergoing posterior-stabilised TKR. The effect of a post-operative increase in the size of the femoral posterior condyles was also evaluated. The results showed that placement of the femoral component significantly reduced the medial and lateral extension gaps by means of 1.0 mm and 0.9 mm, respectively (p < 0.0001). The extension gap was reduced when a larger femoral component was selected relative to the thickness of the resected posterior condyle. When the post-operative posterior lateral condyle was larger than that pre-operatively, 17 of 41 knees (41%) showed a decrease in the extension gap of > 2.0 mm. When a specially made femoral trial component with a posterior condyle enlarged by 4 mm was tested, the medial and lateral extension gaps decreased further by means of 2.1 mm and 2.8 mm, respectively. If the thickness of the posterior condyle is expected to be larger than that pre-operatively, it should be recognised that the extension gap is likely to be altered. This should be taken into consideration when preparing the extension gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Mitsuyasu
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - S. Matsuda
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - S. Fukagawa
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - K. Okazaki
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Y. Tashiro
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - S. Kawahara
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - H. Nakahara
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Y. Iwamoto
- Kyushu University, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maidashi 3-1-1, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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Asato R, Kita T, Kawahara S, Arita R, Mochizuki Y, Aiello LP, Ishibashi T. Vitreous levels of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-1 in eyes with vitreoretinal diseases. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95:1745-8. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2011-300139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kawahara S, Ueda M, Miyazaki A, Yuki U, Shono M, Horibata Y, Jono H, Obayashi K, Ikeda K, Tanase S, Ando Y. Age-dependent increase in thiol conjugated forms of transthyretin (TTR) in the elderly: quantitative analyses by the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) protein chip system. Amyloid 2011; 18 Suppl 1:14-6. [PMID: 21838416 DOI: 10.3109/13506129.2011.574354004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kawahara S, Konishi H, Morino M, Ohata K, Kiyama H. Pancreatitis-associated protein-I and pancreatitis-associated protein-III expression in a rat model of kainic acid-induced seizure. Neuroscience 2010; 175:273-80. [PMID: 21093549 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatitis-associated protein (PAP) family (also known as the regenerating gene (Reg) family) is a group of 16 kDa secretory proteins structurally classified as the calcium dependent-type lectin superfamily. Some PAP family members are expressed in neurons following peripheral nerve injury and traumatic brain injury. To determine whether PAP family members are expressed in non-traumatic brain injury, expressions were analyzed following kainic acid (KA)-induced seizure. PAP-I (also known as Reg2 in rat and RegIII-beta in mouse) and pancreatitis associated protein-III (PAP-III; RegIII-gamma in mouse) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was transiently expressed in some restricted areas, such as the hippocampus and parahippocampal area; expression was observed immediately at a maximal level 1 day after seizure. Expression disappeared within 3 days after seizure. In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry revealed neuronal PAP-I and PAP-III expression in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, perirhinal and entorhinal cortices, and the posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdala. The number of PAP-III mRNA-positive neurons was significantly greater than PAP-I mRNA-positive neurons. The majority of positive neurons co-localized with c-Jun, but not with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). These results may suggest that PAP-I and PAP-III induction in non-GABAergic neurons would protect neurons against damage following seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Osaka City University, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Kohno RI, Hata Y, Kawahara S, Kita T, Arita R, Mochizuki Y, Aiello LP, Ishibashi T. Possible contribution of hyalocytes to idiopathic epiretinal membrane formation and its contraction. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1020-6. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.155069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kifuku K, Hata Y, Kohno RI, Kawahara S, Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Sonoda KH, Ishibashi T. Residual internal limiting membrane in epiretinal membrane surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2009; 93:1016-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.150623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hata Y, Sassa Y, Kita T, Miura M, Kano K, Kawahara S, Arita R, Nakao S, Shih JL, Ishibashi T. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression by hyalocytes and its regulation by glucocorticoid. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:1540-4. [PMID: 18952656 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2008.141002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is one of the major inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of various vitreoretinal diseases. The authors investigated the effect of hypoxia, TNF-alpha and dexamethasone on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by cultured hyalocytes. METHODS Hyalocytes were isolated from bovine vitreous. Hypoxic and TNF-alpha-dependent effects on cultured hyalocytes were investigated using several assays to determine VEGF protein expression, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protein levels, HIF-1alpha-DNA-binding ability and VEGF mRNA stability. The effects of dexamethasone on VEGF expression and its intracellular signalling under hypoxic or TNF-alpha stimulated conditions were also examined. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions and TNF-alpha stimulation induce VEGF expression in hyalocytes. These stimuli also stabilise HIF-1alpha protein and increase its DNA-binding ability. Dexamethasone significantly inhibits both HIF-1alpha protein levels and HIF-1alpha-DNA-binding activity, and also decreases the hypoxic- and TNF-alpha -dependent induction of VEGF expression in hyalocyte. However, dexamethasone has no significant effect on the stability of VEGF mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Hyalocytes may be involved in various vitreoretinal diseases by increasing HIF-1alpha protein stability and HIF-1alpha-DNA binding, and thus increasing VEGF production under pathological conditions. Dexamethasone seems to be capable of inhibiting hypoxic and TNF-alpha dependent VEGF production, presumably via its inhibitory effects on HIF-1alpha protein levels and its DNA-binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Mochizuki Y, Enaida H, Hisatomi T, Hata Y, Miura M, Arita R, Kawahara S, Kita T, Ueno A, Ishibashi T. The internal limiting membrane peeling with brilliant blue G staining for retinal detachment due to macular hole in high myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2008; 92:1009. [DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2007.126300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Katayama K, Mori T, Kawahara S, Miake K, Kodama Y, Sugiyama M, Kawamura Y, Nakayama T, Maruyama M, Muguruma M. Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Peptide Derived from Porcine Skeletal Muscle Myosin and Its Antihypertensive Activity in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. J Food Sci 2007; 72:S702-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Kawahara S, Ahhmed AM, Ohta K, Nakade K, Muguruma M. Inconsistency in the Improvements of Gel Strength in Chicken and Pork Sausages Induced by Microbial Transglutaminase. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2007.1285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Mitsuhashi Y, Nishio A, Kawahara S, Ichinose T, Yamauchi S, Naruse H, Matsuoka Y, Ohata K, Hara M. Morphologic evaluation of the caudal end of the inferior petrosal sinus using 3D rotational venography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007; 28:1179-84. [PMID: 17569984 PMCID: PMC8134147 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2006] [Accepted: 09/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) is the main transvenous access route used to examine or treat lesions involving the cavernous sinus. To carry out these procedures successfully, one must have a detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the venous system around the junction of the IPS and the internal jugular vein (IJV). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-three sides in 63 patients (26 men, 37 women; mean, 56.5 years of age) were examined by using 3D rotational venography (3DRV). RESULT The drainage patterns of the IPS could be classified into the following 6 types, with emphasis on the level of IPS-IJV junction: type A, the IPS drains into the jugular bulb in 1/83 sides (1.2%); type B, the IPS drains into the IJV at the level of the extracranial opening of the hypoglossal canal in 29/83 sides (34.9%); type C, the IPS drains into the lower extracranial IJV in 31/83 sides (37.3%); type D, the IPS forms a plexus and has multiple junctions to the IJV near the jugular foramen in 5/83 sides (6.0%); type E, the IPS drains directly into the vertebral venous plexus (VVP) with no connection to the IJV in 3/83 sides (3.6%); and type F, the IPS is absent in 14/83 sides (16.9%). Each type is also characterized by the way of anastomosis with the VVP. CONCLUSION This classification seemed to be rational from the embryologic viewpoint, and it may be useful in establishing treatment strategies that involve endovascular manipulation via the IPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Izumi Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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Takano A, Kawashima W, Wada S, Hayashida K, Sato S, Kawahara S, Isono Y, Makihara M, Tanaka N, Kawaguchi D, Matsushita Y. Composition dependence of nanophase-separated structures formed by star-shaped terpolymers of the A1.0B1.0CX type. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Kato Y, Takatsuki K, Kawahara S, Fukunaga S, Mori H, Mishina M, Kirino Y. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play important roles in acquisition and expression of the eyeblink conditioned response in glutamate receptor subunit delta2 mutant mice. Neuroscience 2005; 135:1017-23. [PMID: 16165299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2005] [Revised: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Classical eyeblink conditioning has been known to depend critically on the cerebellum. Apparently consistent with this, glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice, which have serious morphological and functional deficiencies in the cerebellar cortex, are severely impaired in delay paradigm. However, these mutant mice successfully learn in trace paradigm, even in '0-trace paradigm,' in which the unconditioned stimulus starts just after the conditioned stimulus terminates. Our previous studies revealed that the hippocampus and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors play crucial roles in 0-trace paradigm in glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice unlike in wild-type mice, suggesting a large contribution of the forebrain to 0-trace conditioning in this type of mutant mice. In the present study, we investigated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in 0-trace eyeblink conditioning in glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with the noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist (+)MK-801 (0.1mg/kg) or saline, and conditioned with 350-ms tone conditioned stimulus followed by 100-ms periorbital shock unconditioned stimulus. Glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice that received (+)MK-801 injection exhibited a severe impairment in acquisition of the conditioned response, compared with the saline-injected glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice. In contrast, wild-type mice were not impaired in acquisition of 0-trace conditioned response by (+)MK-801 injection. After the injection solution was changed from (+)MK-801 to saline, glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice showed a rapid and partial recovery of performance of the conditioned response. On the other hand, when the injection solution was changed from saline to (+)MK-801, glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice showed a marked impairment in expression of the pre-acquired conditioned response, whereas impairment of the expression was small in wild-type mice. Injection of (+)MK-801 had no significant effects on spontaneous eyeblink frequency or startle eyeblink frequency to the tone conditioned stimulus in either glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice or wild-type mice. These results suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors play critical roles both in acquisition and expression of the conditioned response in 0-trace eyeblink conditioning in glutamate receptor subunit delta2 null mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, and Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Takano A, Wada S, Sato S, Araki T, Hirahara K, Kazama T, Kawahara S, Isono Y, Ohno A, Tanaka N, Matsushita Y. Observation of Cylinder-Based Microphase-Separated Structures from ABC Star-Shaped Terpolymers Investigated by Electron Computerized Tomography. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma048893t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Takano
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - S. Wada
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - S. Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - T. Araki
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - K. Hirahara
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - T. Kazama
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - S. Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Y. Isono
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - A. Ohno
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - N. Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Y. Matsushita
- Department of Chemistry, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan; and Center for Integrated Research in Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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Kawahara S, Kobori A, Taira K, Sekine M, Uchimaru T. Ab initio molecular orbital evaluation of the hydrogen bond energy of base pairs formed between substituted 1-methylcytosine derivatives and 9-methylguanine. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:29-30. [PMID: 12836248 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The substitution effect on hydrogen bond energy of the Watson-Crick type base pair between 9-methylguanine (G) and chemically modified 1-methylcytosine (CX) derivatives was evaluated by ab initio molecular orbital theory. A remarkable trend was observed in the substitution effect of the hydrogen bond stability: Cytosine derivatives possessing an electron-donating group form stable base pairs with guanine. However, both the hydrogen bond distance and the charge distribution were not good indexes for the hydrogen bond status in CX-G base pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
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24
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Okada AA, Wakabayashi T, Morimura Y, Kawahara S, Kojima E, Asano Y, Hida T. Trans-Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone infusion for the treatment of uveitis. Br J Ophthalmol 2003; 87:968-71. [PMID: 12881336 PMCID: PMC1771809 DOI: 10.1136/bjo.87.8.968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess efficacy and complications of trans-Tenon's retrobulbar infusion of triamcinolone acetonide for posterior uveitic inflammation. METHODS Non-randomised, uncontrolled, retrospective study of 51 eyes of 37 patients who underwent triamcinolone infusion for vitritis, cystoid macular oedema (CMO), or posterior retinal vasculitis using a long blunt cannula via an incision made through conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. RESULTS Overall clinical efficacy was 86%; 96% for vitritis, 82% for CMO, and 33% for posterior retinal vasculitis. Mean visual acuity improved within 1 month after triamcinolone infusion (p <0.05). Cataract progression and intraocular pressure elevation were observed in 31% and 27% of eyes, respectively. CONCLUSION Trans-Tenon's retrobulbar triamcinolone infusion may be a safe and effective treatment for posterior uveitic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Okada
- Kyorin Eye Center, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Muguruma M, Tsuruoka K, Katayama K, Erwanto Y, Kawahara S, Yamauchi K, Sathe S, Soeda T. Soybean and milk proteins modified by transglutaminase improves chicken sausage texture even at reduced levels of phosphate. Meat Sci 2003; 63:191-7. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(02)00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2001] [Revised: 02/26/2002] [Accepted: 02/26/2002] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Katayama K, Fuchu H, Sakata A, Kawahara S, Yamauchi K, Kawamura Y, Muguruma M. Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Porcine Skeletal Muscle Proteins Following Enzyme Digestion. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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27
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Erwanto Y, Kawahara S, Katayama K, Takenoyama S, Fujino H, Yamauchi K, Morishita T, Kai Y, Watanabe S, Muguruma M. Microbial Transglutaminase Modifies Gel Properties of Porcine Collagen. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2003.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Takatsuki K, Kawahara S, Kotani S, Mori H, Mishina M, Kirino Y. Hippocampal Damage Disrupts Eyeblink Conditioning in Mice Lacking Glutamate Receptor Subunit δ2. J Biol Phys 2002; 28:539-47. [PMID: 23345796 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020362000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses has been proposed to be a neural substrate for classical eyeblink conditioning. Mutant mice lacking the glutamate receptor subunit δ2 (GluRδ2), in which the cerebellar LTD is disrupted, exhibited a severe impairment in the delay eyeblink conditioning with a temporal overlap of CS and US. However, they learned normally trace and delay conditioning without CS-US overlap, suggesting a learning mechanism which does not require the cerebellar LTD.In the present study, we tested possible involvement of the hippocampus in this cerebellar LTD-independent learning. We examined effects of scopolamine and hippocampal lesion on the delay conditioning without CS-US overlap. TheGluRδ2 mutant mice that received scopolamine or aspiration of the dorsalhippocampus together with its overlying cortex exhibited a severe impairment in learning, while the control mutant mice that received saline or aspiration of the overlying cortex learned normally. In contrast, wild-type mice that received either treatment learned as normally as the control wild-type mice. These results suggest that the hippocampus is essential in the cerebellar LTD-independent learning in the GluRδ2 mutant mice, indicating a newrole of hippocampus in the paradigm with a short trace interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takatsuki
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Horie T, Akashiba T, Muto T, Otsuka K, Yoshizawa T, Saito O, Sasaki G, Kurashina K, Ito D, Suzuki R, Minemura H, Yamamoto H, Kosaka N, Akahoshi T, Kawahara S. [Physiopathology of sleep apnea syndrome]. Masui 2001; 50 Suppl:S45-50. [PMID: 11871103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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30
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Hirono M, Sugiyama T, Kishimoto Y, Sakai I, Miyazawa T, Kishio M, Inoue H, Nakao K, Ikeda M, Kawahara S, Kirino Y, Katsuki M, Horie H, Ishikawa Y, Yoshioka T. Phospholipase Cbeta4 and protein kinase Calpha and/or protein kinase CbetaI are involved in the induction of long term depression in cerebellar Purkinje cells. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:45236-42. [PMID: 11551922 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m105413200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the type-1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) signaling pathway in the cerebellum involves activation of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) for the induction of cerebellar long term depression (LTD). The PLC and PKC isoforms that are involved in LTD remain unclear, however. One previous study found no change in LTD in PKCgamma-deficient mice, thus, in the present study, we examined cerebellar LTD in PLCbeta4-deficient mice. Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses of cerebellum from wild-type mice revealed that PLCbeta1 was expressed weakly and uniformly, PLCbeta2 was not detected, PLCbeta3 was expressed predominantly in caudal cerebellum (lobes 7-10), and PLCbeta4 was expressed uniformly throughout. In PLCbeta4-deficient mice, expression of total PLCbeta, the mGluR1-mediated Ca(2+) response, and LTD induction were greatly reduced in rostral cerebellum (lobes 1-6). Furthermore, we used immunohistochemistry to localize PKCalpha, -betaI, -betaII, and -gamma in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells during LTD induction. Both PKCalpha and PKCbetaI were found to be translocated to the plasmamembrane under these conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that mGluR1-mediated activation of PLCbeta4 in rostral cerebellar Purkinje cells induced LTD via PKCalpha and/or PKCbetaI.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirono
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kishimoto Y, Kawahara S, Fujimichi R, Mori H, Mishina M, Kirino Y. Impairment of eyeblink conditioning in GluRdelta2-mutant mice depends on the temporal overlap between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 14:1515-21. [PMID: 11722613 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mice lacking the glutamate receptor subunit delta2 (GluRdelta2) are deficient in cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses. We conducted delay and trace eyeblink conditioning with these mice, using various temporal intervals between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). During trace conditioning in which a stimulus-free trace interval (TI) of 250, 100 or 50 ms intervened between the 352-ms tone CS and 100-ms US, GluRdelta2-mutant mice learned as successfully as wild-type mice. Even in the paradigm with TI = 0 ms, in which the end of CS and onset of US are simultaneous, there was no difference between the GluRdelta2-mutant and wild-type mice in their acquisition of a conditioned response. However, in the delay paradigm in which the 452-ms CS overlapped temporally with the coterminating 100-ms US, GluRdelta2-mutant mice exhibited severe learning impairment. The present study together with our previous work [Kishimoto, Y., Kawahara, S., Suzuki, M., Mori, H., Mishina, M. & Kirino, Y. (2001) Eur. J. Neurosci., 13, 1249-1254], indicates that cerebellar LTD-independent learning is possible in paradigms without temporal overlap between the CS and US. On the other hand, GluRdelta2 and cerebellar LTD are essential for learning when there is CS-US temporal overlap, suggesting that the cerebellar neural substrates underlying eyeblink conditioning may change, depending on the temporal overlap of the CS and US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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32
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Kawai H, Kawahara S, Tada A, Kuyama A, Matsumoto H, Kimura G, Okada C, Soda R, Takahashi K, Okamoto S, Nakajima M. [Pulmonary involvement, pleural effusion, and electrocardiographic abnormality in hypereosinophilic syndrome]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2001; 39:862-7. [PMID: 11855086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A 47-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of cough and shortness of breath. Chest radiography showed infiltration of the right lung and left pleural effusion, the eosinophil count increased notably in the peripheral blood, sputum, and pleural effusion. Transbronchial lung biopsy revealed the invasion of eosinophils like eosinophilic pneumonia. Heart failure easily developed in this patient after the intravenous infusion. Myocardial involvement was suspected, and hypereosinophilic syndrome was diagnosed. After prednisolone was administered, the peripheral blood eosinophil count normalized rapidly, and subsequently, the pleural effusion and infiltration shadows in the lung disappeared.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kawai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Minami-Okayama Hospital
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Abstract
The age effect on classical eyeblink conditioning in unrestrained mice (C57BL/6J strain) was evaluated. Mice were trained at one of three age periods (8, 45-50 or 85-90 weeks). In the delay paradigm, significant learning deficits were evident in the 85-90 week-old group, but no deficits were observed in the behavior of the 45-50 week-old group. On the other hand, in the trace paradigm with a stimulus-free trace interval of 500 ms, significant deficits became apparent at the age of 45-50 weeks. These results indicate that trace eyeblink conditioning is more susceptible to age-related deterioration of memory in mice than delay eyeblink conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Takatsuki K, Kawahara S, Takehara K, Kishimoto Y, Kirino Y. Effects of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on classical eyeblink conditioning in mice. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:618-28. [PMID: 11587717 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are involved in synaptic plasticity and play a critical role in learning and memory. We investigated the effects of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist (+)MK-801 on classical eyeblink conditioning of mice, using various interstimulus intervals between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and unconditioned stimulus (US). A tone was used for the CS and a periorbital shock was used for the US. In the delay paradigm, in which the US coterminated with the CS or started immediately after CS offset, the effect of (+)MK-801 (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) was a slight impairment in the acquisition of the conditioned response (CR). During subsequent CS-alone trials, the responses of (+)MK-801-injected mice were extinguished as easily as those of saline-injected mice. In the trace paradigm, (+)MK-801 impaired acquisition of the CR with a trace interval of 250 ms more than it did with a trace interval of 100 ms, and more than in the delay paradigm. (+)MK-801 injected after acquisition of 250-ms trace conditioning did not impair expression or extinction of the CR. These results suggest that NMDA receptors are involved in acquisition of the CR during longer trace interval conditioning more than during shorter trace interval conditioning or delay conditioning, and that their contribution to extinction is much smaller than their contribution to acquisition in mouse eyeblink conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Takatsuki
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
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Kishimoto Y, Hirono M, Sugiyama T, Kawahara S, Nakao K, Kishio M, Katsuki M, Yoshioka T, Kirino Y. Impaired delay but normal trace eyeblink conditioning in PLCbeta4 mutant mice. Neuroreport 2001; 12:2919-22. [PMID: 11588603 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200109170-00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the functional role of phospholipase Cbeta4 (PLCbeta4), which is highly expressed in the Purkinje cells of the rostral cerebellum, cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) and delay and trace eyeblink conditioning were investigated in PLCbeta4-deficient mice. Rostral cerebellar LTD and delay eyeblink conditioning were severely impaired, whereas trace eyeblink conditioning was not. These results indicate that PLCbeta4 is essential for LTD in the rostral cerebellum and delay conditioning, but not trace conditioning. Rostral cerebellar LTD may be required as a neural substrate for delay conditioning, but is not required for trace conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Ishikawa T, Kawahara S, Saito T, Otsuka H, Kemmotsu O, Hirayama E, Ebina Y, Fujimoto S, Inoue T, Koyama T. [Anesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy during pregnancy--a case report]. Masui 2001; 50:991-7. [PMID: 11593722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
We experienced anesthetic management for ECT in a patient with psychiatric disease during the third trimester of pregnancy. The 24 year-old patient had been on oral antipsychotics prescribed to treat schizophrenia for ten years. Her signs and symptoms deteiorated during pregnancy in spite of increased doses of antipsychotics. With tocolytic agent administered intravenously, anesthesia was induced by intravenous thiamylal immediately followed by intravenous suxamethonium for muscle relaxation. Alternative current was applied on both side of the head after the sufficient anesthesia had been obtained. The patient received intermittent mandatory ventilation by breathing mask with 100% oxygen during the procedure. Along with monitoring of maternal hemodynamic variables and arterial oxygen saturation (Spo2), fetal heart rate and uterine contraction were recorded by cardiotocogram throughout the procedure. At the first two treatments, the patient showed neither significant uterine contraction nor fetal heart rate changes. At the third treatment, continuous uterine contraction refractory to tocolysis was recorded for six minutes, resulting in fetal bradycardia. At the sixth treatment, general anesthesia was induced and maintained by sevoflurane in oxygen followed by suxamethonium for muscle relaxation. The uterine contraction was remarkably diminished and fetal heart rate remained unchanged during the procedure. In conclusion, inhalation anesthesia is beneficial for ECT in the last stage of pregnancy to reduce uterine contraction by potential uterine relaxation effect of anesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ishikawa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hokkaido University Granuate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8634
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37
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Mori M, Machida K, Kawabe Y, Kurashima A, Yotsumoto H, Tsuchiya T, Yamagishi F, Sasaki Y, Kawashiro T, Toyoda T, Sakatani M, Kawahara S, Harada S, Nishimura K. [Tuberculosis of the elderly (above the age of 75) in national hospitals]. Kekkaku 2001; 76:533-43. [PMID: 11517561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In Japan tuberculosis is becoming rapidly the disease of the elderly. We studied the background, the type and level of hospital cares needed, and the outcome of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear and/or culture positive) above the age of 75 who were admitted to 8 national hospitals during the period from January 1 to December 31, 1997. The study included 150 patients (male: 109, female: 41, mean age: 81.6), of whom 25% needed care in a single-bed room, 84.3% had underlying diseases (cardiovascular diseases: 43.3%, malignant diseases: 20.9%, neuro-psychiatric diseases: 13.4%), and 47.6% needed cares mainly in feeding and excretions. 92 patients (62.6%) improved and 45 patients (30.6%) died, of whom the cause of death was directly related to tuberculosis in 42. The mean hospital stay was 4.7 months. However, in 42 patients whose cause of death was related to tuberculosis, 66% died within 3 months, while in 102 patients who were discharged 71% stayed more than 3 months. The same comparison was done in 508 patients with bacteriologically proven tuberculosis above the age of 75 admitted to National Tokyo Hospital during the period from 1990 to 1999. The result was almost the same, among 133 patients died in the hospital 60% died within 3 months, while in 375 patients who were discharged hospital stay was more than 3 months in 70%. In the near future, the elderly will occupy more than 25% of the beds of the tuberculosis ward in Japan and most of them have underlying diseases other than tuberculosis. Because tuberculosis, once the disease of the young, is becoming rapidly the disease of the elderly, it is imperative for us to make necessary adjustments to meet this inevitable trend.
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Harada S, Takamoto M, Ishibashi T, Mohri M, Sato K, Yamagishi F, Sasaki Y, Tanabe K, Sato R, Fujino T, Tano M, Tanizawa M, Sakatani M, Morimoto T, Kawahara S, Hotta N, Shigeto E, Nishimura K, Abe T, Iwanaga T, Oe T, Shimazu K, Ebihara M, Nakagawa S, Kuba M. [Clinical study on the cases in which INH or RFP was discontinued during treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis]. Kekkaku 2001; 76:427-36. [PMID: 11449698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Short course regimens; 2HRZ (E)(S)/4HR (E), 6HRS (E)/3-6HR and 6-9HR have been accepted as a standard chemotherapy (SC) for initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Japan. We studied the frequency of the treatment completion, the causes of the treatment failure and the outcome of the patients in whom INH or RFP was discontinued within 6 months after starting SC. The subjects included 597 newly diagnosed culture positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients admitted to 16 national hospital in 1996. Results were as follows. 1. In 47 (7.9%) of the 597 patients, either INH (19; 3.2%) or RFP (33; 5.5%) was discontinued. These 47 cases were defined as a SC incompleted group and the other 550 as a SC completed group. 2. The patients in the SC incompleted group were seen more frequently in the ages of 20s (11.9%), 50s (10.9%), 60s (11.7%) or 70s (11.4%). 21 (13.6%) of 154 female patients and 26 (5.9%) of 443 male patients were in the SC incompleted group. 3. The causes of cessation of INH or RFP were drug side effects (33; 5.5%), drug resistance (10; 1.7%) and complications or underlying diseases (8; 1.3%). 4. Fever or eruption (19; 3.2%) and drug induced hepatitis (12; 2.0%) were frequently seen as drug related side effects causing the cessation of INH or RFP. 5. The rate of culture negative conversion of TB bacilli at 6 months after the start of the treatment was 98.9% in the SC completed and 88.9% in the SC incompleted group respectively. In the SC incompleted group, there were three cases continuously positive and two other patients who relapsed and became culture positive again. In these five patients, INH or RFP was discontinued because of drug resistance.
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39
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Kawahara S, Tada A, Nagare H. [Comparison of in vitro antimicrobial activities of ofloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against various mycobacteria]. Kekkaku 2001; 76:357-62. [PMID: 11398326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
In vitro antimicrobial activities of ofloxacin (OFLX), levofloxacin (LVFX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and sparfloxacin (SPFX) were compared against various mycobacteria using the agar dilution method with 7H11 medium, and the following results were obtained. (1) These four new quinolones showed excellent antimicrobial activities against M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. fortuitum. (2) SPFX was most active against slowly growing mycobacteria. The activity against M. tuberculosis was in the order of SPFX > CPFX > LVFX > OFLX. The activity against M. kansasii was in the order of SPFX > LVFX > OFLX > or = CPFX. (3) On the other hand, CPFX was most active against rapidly growing mycobacteria. The activity against M. fortuitum was in the order of CPFX > SPFX > LVFX > OFLX. Considering the in vitro antimicrobial activities and the pharmacokinetics of these four drugs, they could achieve favorable clinical outcomes for all the patients with pulmonary infection due to M. tuberculosis or M. fortuitum and some of the patients with pulmonary infection due to M. kansasii or M. chelonae.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Minami-Okayama Hospital, Japan
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40
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Watanabe S, Inoue T, Murakami M, Inokuma Y, Kawahara S, Kirino Y. Modulation of oscillatory neural activities by cholinergic activation of interneurons in the olfactory center of a terrestrial slug. Brain Res 2001; 896:30-5. [PMID: 11277969 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(00)03242-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The neurons in the procerebrum (PC) of the terrestrial slug Limax marginatus show regular oscillation of their membrane potential, and the oscillation has been implicated in olfactory processing. The neural mechanisms for the generation and modulation of the oscillation have been poorly understood. In the present work, we examined the ionic conductances evoked by acetylcholine (ACh) in the PC neurons and the effects of ACh application on the population activities of intrinsic and extrinsic neurons. The PC neurons are categorized into bursting neurons, which are putative local inhibitory neurons, and nonbursting neurons, which likely mediate the input and output of information in the PC. Bath application of ACh augmented the local field potential oscillation in the PC. Perforated patch recording from single PC neurons revealed that ACh has direct excitatory effects on bursting neurons, while it suppresses the activity of nonbursting neurons, possibly via augmented inhibitory synaptic input from bursting neurons. The correlation between the membrane potential of bursting neurons and the frequency of oscillation suggests that bursting neurons are the main determinant of the oscillation frequency. Application of ACh also resulted in a reduction of the oscillation amplitude in the olfactory nerve, suggesting that the frequency modulation in the oscillatory network could change the activities in the follower neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Watanabe
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan.
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41
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Kishimoto Y, Kawahara S, Mori H, Mishina M, Kirino Y. Long-trace interval eyeblink conditioning is impaired in mutant mice lacking the NMDA receptor subunit epsilon 1. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 13:1221-7. [PMID: 11285019 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01486.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) -type glutamate receptor subunit epsilon 1 (GluR epsilon 1) in classical eyeblink conditioning, delay and trace eyeblink conditioning were investigated in GluR epsilon 1-null mutant mice. In delay conditioning and short-trace interval conditioning with a trace interval of 250 ms, GluR epsilon 1 mutant mice attained a normal level of the conditioned response (CR), although acquisition was a little slower than in wild-type mice. In contrast, GluR epsilon 1 mutant mice exhibited severe impairment of the attained level of the CR and disturbed temporal pattern of CR expression in trace conditioning with a longer trace interval of 500 ms. These findings indicate that GluR epsilon 1 is essential for long-trace interval eyeblink conditioning. The impairments of the associative learning with a long temporal separation between the conditioned and unconditioned stimuli observed in the GluR epsilon 1 mutant mice could be attributed to an impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation in this line of mutant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Kishimoto Y, Kawahara S, Suzuki M, Mori H, Mishina M, Kirino Y. Classical eyeblink conditioning in glutamate receptor subunit delta 2 mutant mice is impaired in the delay paradigm but not in the trace paradigm. Eur J Neurosci 2001; 13:1249-53. [PMID: 11285022 DOI: 10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In mice lacking glutamate receptor subunit delta 2 (GluR delta 2(-/-_ mice), cerebellar long-term depression (LTD) at the parallel fibre-Purkinje cell synapses is disrupted. Unlike the cerebellar LTD-deficient mice previously used for eyeblink conditioning, however, the abnormalities of the GluR delta 2(-/-) mice are restricted to the cerebellar cortex. In delay eyeblink conditionings (interstimulus interval of 252 and 852 ms), in which the conditioned stimulus (CS) overlaps temporally with a coterminating unconditioned stimulus (US), GluR delta 2(-/-) mice are severely impaired in learning, strongly supporting the hypothesis that cerebellar cortical LTD is essential for delay conditioning. In the trace paradigm, in which a stimulus-free trace interval of 500 ms intervened between the CS and US, GluR delta 2(-/-) mice learned as successfully as wild-type mice, indicating that cerebellar LTD is not necessary for trace conditioning. Thus, the present study has revealed a cerebellar LTD-independent learning in eyeblink conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kishimoto
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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43
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Kawahara S, Tada A, Nagare H. [In vitro antimycobacterial activities of a new quinolone, balofloxacin]. Kekkaku 2001; 76:29-31. [PMID: 11211780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Balofloxacin (BLFX), a newly developed fluoroquinolone, was studied for its in vitro antimycobacterial activity by the agar dilution method with 7H11 agar medium. The MIC90s were as follows: 0.39 microgram/ml for M. tuberculosis, > 50 micrograms/ml for M. avium, > 50 micrograms/ml for M. intracellulare, 0.39 microgram/ml for M. kansasii, 0.39 microgram/ml for M. fortuitum, > 50 micrograms/ml for M. abscessus, and 50 micrograms/ml for M. chelonae. The antimycobacterial activity of BLFX was comparable or slightly inferior to that of levofloxacin (LVFX). Considering the present findings and pharmacokinetics of BFLX, it appears that BFLX may achieve favorable outcome in the treatment of patients with infection due to M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, or M. fortuitum similar to that of ofloxacin or LVFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawahara
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Minami-Okayama Hospital, Japan
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44
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Nakaya T, Kawahara S, Watanabe S, Lee D, Suzuki T, Kirino Y. Identification and expression of a novel gene in odour-taste associative learning in the terrestrial slug. Genes Cells 2001; 6:43-56. [PMID: 11168596 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2443.2001.00397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Odour-taste associative learning in the terrestrial slug offers a useful model for long-term memory formation and retention. The genes which are expressed over 2 h after a learning event are thought to include those related to memory formation and/or consolidation. It is very important to examine what kinds of genes are expressed following associative learning. We identified a novel slug gene, the expression of which was regulated by associative learning and mostly restricted to the procerebrum (PC), a place that olfactory information is believed to be processed in slug. This gene encodes a 121 amino acid, 18 kDa secretory protein which we term LAPS18. Expression of the LAPS18 gene was induced in somata and the protein spread to neurites in the PC of slugs subjected to paired conditioning. Recombinant LAPS18 promoted the aggregation and movement of PC neurones in culture and they were blocked by the anti-LAPS18 antibody. Beads coupled with LAPS18 protein attached to PC neurones and the beads aggregated through PC cells but not by themselves, suggesting that LAPS18 may require a counterpart molecule for PC neurone aggregation. An increased expression and translocation of LAPS18 protein after paired conditioning may be needed for long-term memory formation and retention in the slug. Since genes homologous to LAPS18 genes in the land slug Limax are found from vertebrates including human, analysing the expression and function of LAPS18 may be important in understanding the molecular mechanism of memory formation and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakaya
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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45
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Horiba M, Kuyama A, Matsumoto H, Kawai H, Okada C, Tada A, Kawahara S, Soda R, Takahashi K. [Improvement of a case of broncholithiasis after spontaneous lithoptysis]. Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi 2000; 38:914-7. [PMID: 11244727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A 53-year-old woman was admitted for recurrent hemoptysis and cough. The chest radiograph showed an infiltrative shadow in the left upper region. Chest tomogram and CT scan showed a small calcification and consolidation in the left upper lobe. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed fresh hemorrhage from the left upper bronchus but no broncholith or bleeding point were detected. Since the symptoms had disappeared by 10 days after admission, the patient was discharged and followed up as an outpatient. Three weeks later, she spontaneously expectorated a stone 3 mm in maximum diameter, with an irregular surface. Analysis revealed that the stone's composition was 56% of calcium phosphate and 44% of calcium carbonate. Hemoptysis seemed to have been caused by the broncholith, which had originated as a calcification of a peribronchial lymph node that subsequently eroded its way into the airway. After lithoptysis, no recurrence has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Horiba
- Department Internal Medicine, National Minami-Okayama Hospital, 4066 Hayashima, Hayashima-cho, Tukubo-gun, Okayama, 701-0304, Japan
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46
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Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Abe T, Nishimura K, Shishido S, Kawahara S, Shigeto E, Takeyama H, Kuraoka T. [Desensitization therapy for allergic reactions of antituberculous drugs--evaluation of desensitization therapy according to the guideline of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis]. Kekkaku 2000; 75:699-704. [PMID: 11201137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of desensitization therapy for cases showing side-effects to antituberculous drugs (Isoniazid and Rifampicin) according to the guideline proposed by the Treatment Committee of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis. Nineteen patients (23-88 years old, male 9, female 10) who had experienced adverse effects after receiving antituberculous drugs and underwent desensitization therapy between August 1998 and March 2000 were studied. Underlying diseases were 14 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, 2 cases of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis, 1 case of pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis, 1 case of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous pleuritis, 1 case of pulmonary tuberculosis and tuberculous lymphadenitis. The regimens of treatment for tuberculosis were INH + RFP + EB in 8 cases, INH + RFP + EB + PZA in 7 cases, INH + RFP + SM in 2 cases, INH + RFP + SM + PZA in 1 case, and INH + RFP in 1 case. Adverse reactions were 8 cases of eruption, 7 cases of drug fever, 3 cases of drug fever and eruption, and 1 case of drug fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. The causative drugs suggested from DLST or the clinical course were RFP in 17 cases and INH in 8 cases. The clinical effect of desensitization therapy for these antituberculous drugs was good in 14 out of the 17 cases (82%) for RFP, and in 6 out of 8 cases (75%) for INH. The effectiveness rate of the present desensitization therapy according to the guideline of the Japanese Society for Tuberculosis was almost equal to that of previous desensitization therapy, and the clinical results were almost same in present and previous studies despite the different methods of administration of the antituberculous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kobashi
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School Kawasaki Hospital, Japan
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47
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Kamitsuji H, Nakajima M, Kawahara S, Nishimura T. Detection of activated platelets in urine by double immunofluorescence in children with IgA nephropathy. Nephron Clin Pract 2000; 78:162-7. [PMID: 9496732 DOI: 10.1159/000044905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the activation of platelets (PLT) in urine and renal histological findings in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), thin basement membrane disease (TBMD), and minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) was examined. The ratio of activated PLT to total PLT (activated and nonactivated PLT) was examined by double immunofluorescence using rhodamine-conjugated P selectin antibody (activated PLT) and fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated PLT membrane glycoprotein antibody (GPIIb/IIIa, total PLT); the effect of urine on activation on PLT was also investigated. The number of activated PLT and the ratio of activated PLT to total PLT in urinary sediments were significantly higher in children with IgAN with diffuse mesangial proliferation than in those with TBMD or MCNS. PLT were activated by addition of urine in 13 out of 27 children with IgAN, and the activity was higher in the urine of those with active glomerular or interstitial lesions, while the urine of children with TBMD or MCNS had no effect. The presence of activated PLT and the effect of urine on PLT activation may be associated with the active glomerular or interstitial lesions in IgAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kamitsuji
- Department of Pediatrics, Nara Prefectural Hospital, Hiramatsu, Japan
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Abstract
Neural oscillations have been found to occur in the olfactory centers of some vertebrates and invertebrates, including the procerebrum of the terrestrial slug Limax marginatus. Using optical recording with the potential-sensitive dye di-4-ANEPPS, we analyzed the spatiotemporal pattern of procerebral neural activities in response to odorants applied to an in vitro brain-superior tentacle preparation. The odor of rat chow, on which the slugs were normally fed, increased the frequency of the oscillation. Garlic odor, which induced aversive behavior in the slug, caused a transient increase in oscillation frequency during stimulation, followed by a second increase in oscillation frequency when the stimulus was terminated. Wave propagation from the distal to the proximal region of the procerebrum was accelerated in parallel with modulation of the frequency. The cycle-by-cycle average of the optical signals showed that a large area of the cerebral ganglia, including the procerebrum, was depolarized during the initial increase in frequency. During the second increase, however, the net depolarization was most prominent in the terminal mass of the procerebrum. These results suggest that the level of depolarization generated by interactions among the neurites projecting to the terminal mass, such as the neurites of the nonbursting neurons, may control neural oscillations in the procerebrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Toda
- Laboratory of Neurobiophysics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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49
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Sato K, Tomioka H, Akaki T, Kawahara S. Antimicrobial activities of levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and KRM-1648 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex replicating within Mono Mac 6 human macrophage and A-549 type II alveolar cell lines. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 16:25-9. [PMID: 11185410 DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of levofloxacin, clarithromycin and KRM-1648 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) residing in Mono Mac 6 human macrophage-like cells (MM6-Mphis) and A-549 human type II alveolar epithelial cells (A-549 cells) were studied. We measured the antimicrobial activity of test drugs in terms of effects on the behaviour of intracellular organisms during a 7-day cultivation of MTB- or MAC-infected cells in the medium containing the drugs at Cmax doses. Microbicidal action of levofloxacin against intracellular MTB within A-549 cells was markedly less than its activity against the same organisms in MM6-Mphis. The same effect was also noted for the action of KRM-1648 against MAC organisms but this did not occur with clarithromycin. The MIC of KRM-1648 for MAC multiplying within A-549 cells was 32 times larger than that for MAC residing in MM6-Mphis. These findings indicate that MTB and MAC organisms replicating in the type II lung epithelial cells resist the action of certain antimycobacterial agents such as quinolones and rifamycin derivatives but not when the organisms are contained in macrophages. It appears that the antimicrobial action of certain drugs against intracellular mycobacteria is differentially manifested depending on the types of host cells, i.e. professional phagocytes (MM6-Mphis) or non-professional phagocytes (A-549cells), in which the organisms are contained.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shimane Medical University, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
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50
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Kobashi Y, Okimoto N, Matsushima T, Abe T, Nishimura K, Shishido S, Kawahara S, Shigeto E, Takeyama H, Kuraoka T. [Desensitization therapy for antituberculous drugs]. Kekkaku 2000; 75:521-6. [PMID: 11068368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of desensitization therapy for antituberculous drugs (Rifampicin and Isoniazid) in 28 cases (29 episodes) with adverse reactions to these drugs. Desensitization therapy for RFP was performed in 23 cases (24 episodes) with administration of a first dose of 1-150 mg and a final dose of 300-450 mg for 1-29 days. The success rate of this therapy was 79% (19 of 24 episodes). Desensitization therapy for INH was performed in 12 cases with administration of a first dose of 2.5-100 mg and a final dose of 200-400 mg for 3-25 days. The success rate of this therapy was 83% (10 of 12 cases). Based on a comparative study of cases between successful and unsuccessful desensitization to RFP and INH it was concluded that there were no significant differences with regard to allergic history, adverse effects and their periods of appearance, the first dose and final dose of administration and the interval of administration, starting periods of the desensitization therapy and the periods of appearance of adverse effects due to this therapy. We evaluated desensitization therapy for two antituberculous drugs (RFP and INH) for tuberculous patients for whom the use of such drugs was restricted because of adverse effects, and we found it is a useful treatment, showing a high rate of success (80%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kobashi
- Department of Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School Kawasaki Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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