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Orr C, Preen D, Fisher C, Sims S, O'Donnell M. Trends in Hospital Admissions for Intimate Partner Violence in Australian Mothers With Children Born From 1990 to 2009. J Interpers Violence 2021; 36:6998-7017. [PMID: 30813820 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519832905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the prevalence, and trends over time, of Western Australian (WA) mothers who were victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) requiring hospital admission. The study investigated the prevalence of all mothers and the specific prevalence of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal mothers. A population-based cohort study using de-identified linked health data of mothers of children born from 1990 to 2009 in WA was carried out. The prevalence of hospitalizations for IPV in mothers of children born in the period 1990-2009 (per 1,000 births) was calculated. Results indicate that the overall prevalence of hospital admissions for mothers assaulted 12 months prior to their child's birth month increased in the period 1990-2009, from 2.7 to 7.7 per 1,000 births. There was also an increase in the overall prevalence of hospital admissions of mothers who were assaulted 12 months prior to the birth month and 36 months after the birth month, from 8.9 per 1,000 births in 1990 to 19.4 per 1,000 births in 2009. In addition, being Aboriginal, having a mother <30 years of age, and being of low SES significantly increased the odds of having a mother with an IPV admission. This study highlights that while there has been an increase in the prevalence of IPV admissions for mothers of children born from 1990 to 2009 in WA, the level of prevalence has remained persistent for the last decade for the whole population. However, non-Aboriginal mothers have seen an increase in prevalence in the last decade. This increase is associated with the introduction of the Z63.0 code in International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM). This study highlights the importance of prioritizing groups for targeted early intervention and prevention as well as the need for culturally appropriate strategies to reduce the burden of interpersonal violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
- The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth Australia
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Sims S, Preen D, Pereira G, Fatovich D, Livingston M, O'Donnell M. Alcohol-related harm in emergency departments: linking to subsequent hospitalizations to quantify under-reporting of presentations. Addiction 2021; 116:1371-1380. [PMID: 33027556 DOI: 10.1111/add.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
TITLE Alcohol-related harm in emergency departments: linking to subsequent hospitalizations to quantify under-reporting of presentations. AIMS To quantify the proportion of emergency department (ED) presentations that could be identified as alcohol-related when linking to a patient's subsequent hospitalization, compared with using ED data alone, and to assess that comparison according to the change in alcohol harm rates over time and potential variations within subpopulations. DESIGN A retrospective study using linked hospital administrative data to identify ED patients who had subsequent alcohol-related hospitalizations. SETTING Western Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 533 816 Western Australian young people (246 866 females and 286 950 males), aged 12-24 years. MEASUREMENTS Whether or not presentations of young people to ED could be identified as alcohol-related, and for those that were not, how many had a subsequent alcohol-related hospitalization. Rates and proportions of alcohol-related harm for both methods of ascertainment were estimated by sex and Aboriginality across different age groups. FINDINGS Alcohol-related hospitalizations that followed an initial presentation at ED allowed the identification of an additional 19 994 alcohol-related presentations (95% increase). Linking to additional hospitalization information also resulted in significant variation in alcohol-related harm trends. In particular, trends in alcohol-related ED presentations for 21-24-year-old males were stable to slightly increasing using only ED data, but decreased after linking with hospitalization data (P < 0.05). Similarly, trends among Aboriginal persons aged 21-24 shifted from increasing using only ED data to being stable in comparison to presentations using subsequent hospitalizations (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Among young people in Western Australia, twice as many emergency department presentations could be identified as being alcohol-related using diagnosis information from subsequent hospitalizations compared with emergency department data alone. When supplemented with hospitalization data, trends in alcohol-related harm presentations become significantly different within some subpopulations compared with using emergency department presentation data alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - David Preen
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Fertility and Health (CeFH), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo
| | - Daniel Fatovich
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia.,Emergency Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Australian Centre for Child Protection, University of South Australia, Australia
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Lima F, Sims S, O'Donnell M. Harmful drinking is associated with mental health conditions and other risk behaviours in Australian young people. Aust N Z J Public Health 2020; 44:201-207. [PMID: 32364653 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate factors associated with alcohol use in adolescents, with the focus on analysing the comorbidities between single-occasion harmful-drinking episodes with mental health issues and risk behaviours. METHODS This study used data from the Young Minds Matter survey, designed to inform on the prevalence of the seven most common mental health disorders of children and adolescents. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess the odds of harmful drinking behaviour in young people aged 13-17 years in Australia. RESULTS We found a strong association between single-occasion harmful drinking and mental health issues, which hold after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Young people with severe mental health issues within the past year were four times more likely to have been drinking at harmful levels in the past 30 days. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use can have adverse health effects among children and adolescents. Research has found a bidirectional association between alcohol use and mental health conditions where the presence of one issue almost doubles the risk of having the other issue. Implications for public health: The comorbidity between these issues suggests the need for strategies to integrate policies addressing mental health and alcohol use disorders in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, Western Australia.,Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia
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Zebrowski A, Sims S, Tan R, Zucker R, Pines J, Carr B. 102 Evaluation of Disaster Risk and Health Care Response in 12 US Cities. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Orr C, Fisher C, Sims S, Preen D, Glauert R, O'Donnell M. Hospitalisations for maternal assault are associated with increased risk of child protection involvement. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 95:104014. [PMID: 31325682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research shows a co-occurrence between children's exposure to violence and child maltreatment. OBJECTIVE This study examined the risk of maltreatment allegations in children whose mothers had been hospitalised due to an assault. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The study used a retrospective cohort of children born in Western Australia between 1990-2009 (N = 524,534) using de-identified linked-administrative data. METHODS Multivariate Cox regression determined the adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios for child maltreatment allegation in children with a mother hospitalised for assault. Models were adjusted for a range of sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS One in five children had a maltreatment allegation following their mother's hospitalisation for assault. This increased to two in five children when the mother was assaulted in the prenatal period. Aboriginal children accounted for 57.6% of all allegations despite representing only 7.8% of the population. Children whose mother had a hospitalisation for assault were nine-times (HR = 9.20, 95%CI: 8.98-9.43) more likely to have a subsequent maltreatment allegation than children whose mother did not have a hospitalisation for assault. Following adjustment for confounding factors, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children had an almost two-fold increased risk of maltreatment allegation (HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.43-1.70; HR = 1.93 95%CI:1.80-2.07). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that child maltreatment allegation is common in children following a maternal hospitalisation for assault. Targeted early intervention is required for families with young children, and pregnant women experiencing violence. Importantly service staff need awareness of the impact of violence on families and the appropriate services to refer families to.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Orr
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; The University of Notre Dame Australia, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Fremantle, Western Australia, 6959, Australia.
| | - Colleen Fisher
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - David Preen
- The University of Western Australia, School of Population and Global Health, M431, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glauert
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, 100 Roberts Road, Subiaco, Western Australia, 6008, Australia
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Cant RL, O'Donnell M, Sims S, Harries M. Overcrowded housing: One of a constellation of vulnerabilities for child sexual abuse. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 93:239-248. [PMID: 31128453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective prevention of child abuse depends on an understanding of factors associated with the abuse. Increased risk of child sexual abuse has been associated with parental substance use and adverse socio-economic factors such as living in poverty and parental unemployment. This study investigated overcrowding as a potential socio-economic risk factor in child sexual abuse taking into account other socio-economic, child and parental factors. METHOD This study used de-identified linked data from health and child protection data collections for the cohort of children born in Western Australia from 1990 to 2009 (n = 524,478). Cox regression was used to estimate adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for time to first sexual abuse allegation and first substantiated allegation, relative to the level of overcrowding and controlling for other risk factors. RESULTS Higher levels of household overcrowding were associated with a 23%-46% increase in the risk of child sexual abuse allegations. Only the highest level of overcrowding was associated with a 40% increased risk of substantiated sexual abuse. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that overcrowded living conditions are associated with an increased risk of sexual abuse for some children. This factor needs to be considered alongside other risk factors when assessing and improving child safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary L Cant
- School of Allied Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia. Melissa.O'
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Maria Harries
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Sims S. Visualising linked data using GIS: Western Australian Child Development Atlas. Int J Popul Data Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionWhere people live can strongly influence their level of exposure to health-damaging factors, their vulnerability to poor outcomes, and the consequences of experiencing those poor outcomes. Geographical mapping of child outcomes is therefore an important component of monitoring the health and wellbeing of children and young people.
Objectives and ApproachThe Western Australian Child Development Atlas (CDA) maps population-level administrative, census, registry, and survey data, aggregated at various levels of geography. The project utilises geographic information system (GIS) technologies to identify and investigate spatial patterns in key health, social, learning and development indicators, overlaid by service locations.
The CDA is an online, interactive platform that provides policy developers, service providers, communities, and government with access to quality and easily comprehendible spatial data on the outcomes of children and young people. This information helps to identify geographic areas of highest need and priority, and patterns in service distribution relative to need.
ResultsThe CDA maps linked and non-linked de-identified aggregated data on children and young people (0-18 years) born or residing in Western Australia from 1990 until 2016. Key indicators from health, social, education, and welfare datasets are mapped at various levels of geography.
Using a case example of a WA community, we demonstrate how the CDA can enable policy-makers, service providers, and researchers to better identify priority areas for improved child health and wellbeing, and implement place-based approaches to service delivery.
Conclusion/ImplicationsMapping population data on children’s health and wellbeing can help identify areas of highest need and priority, and facilitate a targeted focus for service delivery within jurisdictional areas, including rural and remote regions. Outcomes can be monitored over time, enabling evaluation of the effectiveness of changes to service and policy.
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Orr C, Preen DB, Glauert R, O'Donnell M, Fisher C, Sims S. Maternal assault admissions are associated with increased risk of child protection involvement. Int J Popul Data Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v3i4.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionAlmost half of Australian women assaulted by their partner have children in their care. Evidence suggests a link between children’s exposure to violence, and subsequent maltreatment allegations. However, this evidence is limited by small sample sizes. Linked administrative data present an opportunity to further investigate this sensitive topic.
Objectives and ApproachThis study investigated the relationship between assaults on mothers and subsequent child maltreatment allegations. The sample included all live births in Western Australia from 1990 to 2009 (N=524,534) and their parents, with follow up to 2013. Linked administrative data on child maltreatment allegations and mothers’ assault-related hospital admissions were obtained. Multivariate Cox regression estimated the risk of maltreatment allegation following maternal assault admission. Adjusted and unadjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95\% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the risk of maltreatment allegation, and time (in months) between assault admission and the first maltreatment allegation.
ResultsOne in five children whose mother had an assault admission had a subsequent maltreatment allegation, increasing to more than one in three children when restricted to assault admissions in the prenatal period. More than half of the children who had a maltreatment allegation after their mother was admitted for assault were Aboriginal. After adjusting for covariates, children whose mother had an assault admission had two-fold increased risk of having a maltreatment allegation. The risk of maltreatment allegation was greatest in young children, 5.5-year-old (SD=4.6), when restricted to maternal assault admissions in the prenatal period the children were younger at 4-year-old (SD=4.1). The time from maternal assault admission to maltreatment allegation was around 12 months longer for Aboriginal children than for non-Aboriginal children.
Conclusion/ImplicationsChildren of mothers who have been assaulted are at higher risk of child maltreatment allegation. Targeted early intervention is required for families with young children, and pregnant women experiencing violence. The time to maltreatment allegation for Aboriginal children warrants community developed culturally-safe partnerships between Aboriginal communities and government services.
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Haines N, Kempton LB, Seymour RB, Bosse MJ, Churchill C, Hand K, Hsu JR, Keil D, Kellam J, Rozario N, Sims S, Karunakar MA. The effect of a single early high-dose vitamin D supplement on fracture union in patients with hypovitaminosis D: a prospective randomised trial. Bone Joint J 2017; 99-B:1520-1525. [PMID: 29092993 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.99b11.bjj-2017-0271.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the effect of a single early high-dose vitamin D supplement on fracture union in patients with hypovitaminosis D and a long bone fracture. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between July 2011 and August 2013, 113 adults with a long bone fracture were enrolled in a prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Their serum vitamin D levels were measured and a total of 100 patients were found to be vitamin D deficient (< 20 ng/ml) or insufficient (< 30 ng/mL). These were then randomised to receive a single dose of vitamin D3 orally (100 000 IU) within two weeks of injury (treatment group, n = 50) or a placebo (control group, n = 50). We recorded patient demographics, fracture location and treatment, vitamin D level, time to fracture union and complications, including vitamin D toxicity. Outcomes included union, nonunion or complication requiring an early, unplanned secondary procedure. Patients without an outcome at 15 months and no scheduled follow-up were considered lost to follow-up. The t-test and cross tabulations verified the adequacy of randomisation. An intention-to-treat analysis was carried out. RESULTS In all, 100 (89%) patients had hypovitaminosis D. Both treatment and control groups had similar demographics and injury characteristics. The initial median vitamin D levels were 16 ng/mL (interquartile range 5 to 28) in both groups (p = 0.885). A total of 14 patients were lost to follow-up (seven from each group), two had fixation failure (one in each group) and one control group patient developed an infection. Overall, the nonunion rate was 4% (two per group). No patient showed signs of clinical toxicity from their supplement. CONCLUSIONS Despite finding a high level of hypovitaminosis D, the rate of union was high and independent of supplementation with vitamin D3. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1520-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Haines
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - L B Kempton
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 1801 N. Senate Ave Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - R B Seymour
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - M J Bosse
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - C Churchill
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - K Hand
- Memorial Hospital at Gulfport, 1340 Broad Ave #440 Gulfport, Mississippi, USA
| | - J R Hsu
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - D Keil
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 21 S Columbia St. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Kellam
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UT Health), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - N Rozario
- Carolinas Medical Center, 100 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - S Sims
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - M A Karunakar
- Carolinas Medical Center, 1000 Blythe Boulevard Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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O’Donnell M, Sims S, Maclean MJ, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Gilbert R, Stanley FJ. Trends in alcohol-related injury admissions in adolescents in Western Australia and England: population-based cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014913. [PMID: 28554923 PMCID: PMC5623454 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related harm in young people is now a global health priority. We examined trends in hospital admissions for alcohol-related injuries for adolescents in Western Australia (WA) and in England, identified groups most at risk and determined causes of injuries. METHODS Annual incidence rates for alcohol-related injury rates were calculated using population-level hospital admissions data for WA and England. We compared trends in different types of alcohol-related injury by age and gender. RESULTS Despite a decrease in the overall rate of injury admissions for people aged 13-17 years in WA, alcohol-related injuries have increased significantly from 1990 to 2009 (from 8 to 12 per 10 000). Conversely, alcohol-related injury rates have declined in England since 2007. In England, self-harm is the most frequently recorded cause of alcohol-related injury. In WA, unintentional injury is most common; however, violence-related harm is increasing for boys and girls. CONCLUSION Alcohol-related harm of sufficient severity to require hospital admission is increasing among adolescents in WA. Declining trends in England suggest that this trend is not inevitable or irreversible. More needs to be done to address alcohol-related harm, and on-going monitoring is required to assess the effectiveness of strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa O’Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Miriam J Maclean
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ruth Gilbert
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Fiona J Stanley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Sims S, Lima F, Moltoni M, Harrison A, Glauert R. Assessing mental health outcomes for residents of supported accommodation services. Int J Popul Data Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC8480837 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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O'Donnell M, Sims S, Maclean M, Gonzalez-Izquierdo A, Gilbert R, Stanley F. Alcohol-related injury admission trends in adolescents: A comparison between Western Australia and England. Int J Popul Data Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC8480702 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACTObjectivesThis study aims to determine trends in hospital admissions for alcohol-related injuries among young people in Western Australia and England and whether these admissions are intentionally or unintentionally caused. In addition, this study examines variation in trends by sex and age-groups to determine groups most at risk.
ApproachAnnual incidence rates for alcohol-related injury rates were calculated using hospital admissions data for Western Australia and England. We compared trends in different types of alcohol-related injury by age and gender.
ResultsAlcohol-related injuries have increased significantly from 1980-2009 (from 2 to 12 per 10,000). Conversely, alcohol-related injury rates have declined in England since 2007. In England self-harm is the most frequently recorded cause of alcohol-related injury. In Western Australia, unintentional injury is most common, however violence-related harm is increasing for boys and girls. Boys aged 16-17 in Western Australia had the highest rate of alcohol-related injury (27.1/10,000), which was markedly higher than for 16-17 year old girls in Western Australia (16.6/10,000), girls in England (14.1/10,000), or boys in England (13.2/10,000).
ConclusionAlcohol-related harm is a significant public health issue, and in Western Australia there is a concerning trend of increasing alcohol-related injuries among young people. Alcohol-related harm of sufficient severity to require hospital admission is increasing among adolescents in Western Australia. Declining trends in England suggests this trend is not inevitable or irreversible. More needs to be done to address alcohol-related harm, and ongoing monitoring is required to assess the effectiveness of strategies.
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Maclean M, Sims S, Hansen M, Leonard H, Bourke J, Bower C, O'Donnell M. Abuse and neglect in children with disabilities: risk varies by type of disability. Int J Popul Data Sci 2017. [PMCID: PMC8480689 DOI: 10.23889/ijpds.v1i1.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with disabilities are at increased risk of child maltreatment; however, there is a gap in the evidence about whether all disabilities are at equal risk and whether risk factors vary according to the type of disability. METHODS A population-based record-linkage study of all children born in Western Australia between 1990 and 2010. Children with disabilities were identified by using population-based registers and risk of maltreatment determined by allegations reported to the Department for Child Protection and Family Support. RESULTS Although children with disabilities make up 10.4% of the population, they represent 25.9% of children with a maltreatment allegation and 29.0% of those with a substantiated allegation; however, increased risk of maltreatment was not consistent across all disability types. Children with intellectual disability, mental/behavioral problems, and conduct disorder continued to have increased risk of an allegation and substantiated allegation after adjusting for child, family, and neighborhood risk factors. In contrast, adjusting for these factors resulted in children with autism having a lower risk, and children with Down syndrome and birth defects/cerebral palsy having the same risk as children without disability. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of disabilities in the child protection system suggests a need for awareness of the scope of issues faced by these children and the need for interagency collaboration to ensure children's complex needs are met. Supports are needed for families with children with disabilities to assist in meeting the child's health and developmental needs, but also to support the parents in managing the often more complex parenting environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam J Maclean
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Carol Bower
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Helen Leonard
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Fiona J Stanley
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia
| | - Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia. Melissa.O'
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Zammarchi F, Chivers S, Williams D, Adams L, Mellinas-Gomez M, Tyrer P, Corbett S, D'Hooge F, Dissanayake S, Sims S, Havenith K, Howard P, Hartley J, Van Berkel P. ADCT-502, a novel pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-based antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting low HER2-expressing solid cancers. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32662-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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O'Donnell M, Maclean M, Sims S, Brownell M, Ekuma O, Gilbert R. Entering out-of-home care during childhood: Cumulative incidence study in Canada and Australia. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 59:78-87. [PMID: 27521764 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative incidence provides a more accurate indicator than annual incidence rates of the number of children who experience out-of-home care during childhood. The study utilises a cohort of all children born in Western Australia (WA) 1994-2005 and Manitoba 1998-2008 using de-identified linked data. Life tables were used to calculate the age-specific cumulative incidence over time and for at-risk groups. Cox regression was used to compare risk factors for entry to care. Manitoba had a larger proportion of children entering care compared to WA (9.4% vs 1.5% by age 12). Over time children entered care at a younger age in both WA (HR=1.5, CI:1.4-1.5) and Manitoba (HR=1.5, CI:1.5-1.6). Similar factors were associated with earlier age care entries in both countries including: socioeconomic disadvantage, young maternal age, maternal hospital admissions for mental health issues, substance misuse and assault. Supplementary analysis for WA showed a time trend with young children (<3years of age) who entered care spending an increasing proportion of their early years in care. Whilst Manitoba had a larger proportion of children entering care, over time in Western Australia children have been entering care at a younger age and spending more time in care. These latter factors contribute to an increased burden on the out-of-home care system. Manitoba had over five times greater cumulative incidence than WA, however risk factors for entry to out-of-home care were consistent in both countries. Knowledge of the risk factors for entry to out-of-home care can inform targeted support and prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa O'Donnell
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. Melissa.O'
| | - Miriam Maclean
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Scott Sims
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Marni Brownell
- Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | | | - Ruth Gilbert
- Population Policy and Practice Programme, University College London, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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O'Donnell M, Maclean MJ, Sims S, Morgan VA, Leonard H, Stanley FJ. Maternal mental health and risk of child protection involvement: mental health diagnoses associated with increased risk. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:1175-83. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-205240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Tam Tam KB, Keiser SD, Sims S, Brewer J, Owens MY, Martin JN. Antepartum eclampsia <34 weeks case series: advisable to postpone delivery to administer corticosteroids for fetal pulmonary benefit? J Perinatol 2011; 31:161-5. [PMID: 21072041 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2010.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if postponement of delivery to administer fetal lung maturation corticosteroids (PDACs) in mothers with antepartum eclampsia <34 weeks gestation benefits the fetus without compromising the mother. STUDY DESIGN A case series of 37 maternal-perinatal pairs over a 9-year period with antepartum eclampsia between 24 and 34 weeks gestation from a single tertiary center were reviewed retrospectively. Duration of PDAC, clinical course and maternal-fetal outcomes, including impact of duration of PDAC on neonatal pulmonary function, were recorded for each case. Group assignment was based on length of corticosteroid treatment course before delivery: Group A, 0 to ≤ 24 h, n=28; B, 24 to <48 h, n=5; C, ≥ 48 h, n=4. Data were collected and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), ANOVA on ranks, χ(2)-test and Fisher's exact tests where appropriate; statistical significance was determined by a P-value <0.05. RESULT Overall, 37 of 68 eclampsia patients in 1999 to 2007 met inclusion criteria. No adverse maternal or fetal event occurred while delivery was postponed. Immediate neonatal intubation or continuous positive airway pressure was required for 23/28 in A, 4/5 in B and 2/4 in C; room air was sufficient at birth for 5/28 in A, 1/5 in B and 2/4 in C. No newborn >33 weeks gestation required INI. Prolonged (that is, >1 day) mechanical ventilation was not required for any infant with a gestational age ≥ 32 weeks or PDAC ≥ 48 h. Two of three neonatal deaths in group A were attributed to pulmonary insufficiency. CONCLUSION PDAC for antepartum preterm eclampsia, especially ≤ 32 weeks gestation, appears to offer notable fetal pulmonary benefit without significantly increasing maternal or fetal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B Tam Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Winfred L Wiser Hospital for Women and Infants, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Moser K, Biglan KM, Ross CA, Langbehn DR, Aylward E, Stout JC, Queller S, Carlozzi N, Duff K, Beglinger LJ, Paulsen JS, Tomusk A, Lifer S, Hastings S, Dawson J, Walker B, Whitlock K, Johnson S, Pacifici R, Hersch S, Dorsey ER, Katz R, Tempkin T, Wheelock V, Schwartz G, Corey-Bloom J, Mattis P, Feigin A, Young P, McArthur DL, Perlman S, Higginson C, Carr L, Sigvardt K, Chirieac MC, Shinaman A, Shoulson I, Kane AE, Peavy GM, Goldstein JL, Jacobson MW, Lessig S, Wasserman L, Kayson EP, Tang C, Zgaljardic D, Ma Y, Dhawan V, Guttman M, Eidelberg D, Peng S, Kingsley P, Rosas HD, Gevorkian S, Oakes D, Matson W, Massood T, Latourelle J, Mysore JS, Fossale E, Gillis T, Gusella JF, MacDonald ME, Myers RH, Yastrubetskaya O, Preston J, Chiu E, Goh A, Oster E, Bausch J, Kayson E, Quaid K, Sims S, Swenson M, Harrison J, Moskowitz C, Stepanov N, Suter G, Westphal B, Johnson SA, Langbehn D, Paulsen J, Nopoulos P, Beglinger L, Johnson H, Magnotta V, Pierson R, Lipe H, Bird TD, McCusker EA, Lownie A, Lechich AJ, Montas S, Duckett A, Klager J, Sandler S, Pae A, Apostol BL, Simmons DA, Zuccato C, Illes K, Pallos J, Casale M, Kathuria S, Cattaneo E, Marsh JL, Thompson LM, Patzke H, Chesworth R, Li Z, Rahil G, Wang J, Smith J, Huet FL, Shapiro G, Leit S, Beaulieu P, Raeppel F, Fournel M, Sainte-Croix H, Nolan SJ, Albayya FP, Barbier A, Besterman J, Ahlijanian MK, Deziel R, Aubeeluck A, Buchanan H, Ross C, Biglan K, Landwehrmeyer B, Whitlock KB, Carlozzi NE, Mickes L, Lee J, Kim RY, Toro B, Fine E, Cahill T, Johnson D, Goldstein J, Peavy G, Jacobson M, Goodman LV, Como PG, Cha JH, Beck C, Adams M, Chadwick G, Blieck EA, McCallum C, Deuel L, Clarke A, Stewart R, Adams WH, Paulson H, Fiedorowicz JG, Hanson JM, Ramza N, Priller J, Ecker D. Inaugural Huntington Disease Clinical Research Symposium Organized by the Huntington Study Group. Neurotherapeutics 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurt.2007.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Horton R, Coggill P, Miretti MM, Sambrook JG, Traherne JA, Ward R, Sims S, Palmer S, Sehra H, Harrow J, Rogers J, Carrington M, Trowsdale J, Beck S. The LRC haplotype project: a resource for killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-linked association studies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 68:450-2. [PMID: 17092261 PMCID: PMC2734079 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for epistatic interactions between gene products (e.g. KIR) encoded within the Leukocyte Receptor Complex (LRC) with those (e.g. HLA) of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), resulting in susceptibility to disease. Identification of such associations at the DNA level requires comprehensive knowledge of the genetic variation and haplotype structure of the underlying loci. The LRC haplotype project aims to provide this knowledge by sequencing common LRC haplotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Horton
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - P. Coggill
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. M. Miretti
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. G. Sambrook
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. A. Traherne
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - R. Ward
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Sims
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - S. Palmer
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - H. Sehra
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Harrow
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - J. Rogers
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - M. Carrington
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - J. Trowsdale
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Beck
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Bryant SP, Buckley D, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Clegg SM, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dovey O, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Faulkner LM, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Langford CF, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, oore MJFM, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Pandian RD, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Porter KM, Prigmore E, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall J. M. Wallis M, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR. Erratum: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/nature05152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CCA, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RIS, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MRJ, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ESI, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NSW, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJF, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WDH, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E. The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 2006; 441:315-21. [PMID: 16710414 DOI: 10.1038/nature04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reference sequence for each human chromosome provides the framework for understanding genome function, variation and evolution. Here we report the finished sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Chromosome 1 is gene-dense, with 3,141 genes and 991 pseudogenes, and many coding sequences overlap. Rearrangements and mutations of chromosome 1 are prevalent in cancer and many other diseases. Patterns of sequence variation reveal signals of recent selection in specific genes that may contribute to human fitness, and also in regions where no function is evident. Fine-scale recombination occurs in hotspots of varying intensity along the sequence, and is enriched near genes. These and other studies of human biology and disease encoded within chromosome 1 are made possible with the highly accurate annotated sequence, as part of the completed set of chromosome sequences that comprise the reference human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Gregory
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK.
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Renard C, Hart E, Sehra H, Beasley H, Coggill P, Howe K, Harrow J, Gilbert J, Sims S, Rogers J, Ando A, Shigenari A, Shiina T, Inoko H, Chardon P, Beck S. The genomic sequence and analysis of the swine major histocompatibility complex. Genomics 2006; 88:96-110. [PMID: 16515853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/18/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe the generation and analysis of an integrated sequence map of a 2.4-Mb region of pig chromosome 7, comprising the classical class I region, the extended and classical class II regions, and the class III region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also known as swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) complex. We have identified and manually annotated 151 loci, of which 121 are known genes (predicted to be functional), 18 are pseudogenes, 8 are novel CDS loci, 3 are novel transcripts, and 1 is a putative gene. Nearly all of these loci have homologues in other mammalian genomes but orthologues could be identified with confidence for only 123 genes. The 28 genes (including all the SLA class I genes) for which unambiguous orthology to genes within the human reference MHC could not be established are of particular interest with respect to porcine-specific MHC function and evolution. We have compared the porcine MHC to other mammalian MHC regions and identified the differences between them. In comparison to the human MHC, the main differences include the absence of HLA-A and other class I-like loci, the absence of HLA-DP-like loci, and the separation of the extended and classical class II regions from the rest of the MHC by insertion of the centromere. We show that the centromere insertion has occurred within a cluster of BTNL genes located at the boundary of the class II and III regions, which might have resulted in the loss of an orthologue to human C6orf10 from this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Renard
- LREG INRA CEA, Jouy en Josas, France
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Cross JGR, Harrison GA, Coggill P, Sims S, Beck S, Deakin JE, Graves JAM. Analysis of the genomic region containing the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) orthologues of MHC class III genes. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 111:110-7. [PMID: 16103651 DOI: 10.1159/000086379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are central to development and regulation of the immune system in all jawed vertebrates. MHC class III cytokine genes from the tumor necrosis factor core family, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin alpha and beta (LTA, LTB), are well studied in human and mouse. Orthologues have been identified in several other eutherian species and the cDNA sequences have been reported for a model marsupial, the tammar wallaby. Comparative genomics can help to determine gene function, to understand the evolution of a gene or gene family, and to identify potential regulatory regions. We therefore cloned the genomic region containing the tammar LTB, TNF, and LTA orthologues by "genome walking", using primers designed from known tammar sequences and regions conserved in other species. We isolated two tammar BAC clones containing all three genes. These tammar genes show similar intergenic distances and the same transcriptional orientation as in human and mouse. Gene structures and sequences are also very conserved. By comparing the tammar, human and mouse genomic sequences we were able to identify candidate regulatory regions for these genes in mammals. Full length sequencing of BACs containing the three genes has been partially completed, and reveals the presence of a number of other tammar MHC III orthologues in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G R Cross
- Comparative Genomics Unit, ARC Centre for Kangaroo Genomics, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J. The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature 2001; 414:865-71. [PMID: 11780052 DOI: 10.1038/414865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The finished sequence of human chromosome 20 comprises 59,187,298 base pairs (bp) and represents 99.4% of the euchromatic DNA. A single contig of 26 megabases (Mb) spans the entire short arm, and five contigs separated by gaps totalling 320 kb span the long arm of this metacentric chromosome. An additional 234,339 bp of sequence has been determined within the pericentromeric region of the long arm. We annotated 727 genes and 168 pseudogenes in the sequence. About 64% of these genes have a 5' and a 3' untranslated region and a complete open reading frame. Comparative analysis of the sequence of chromosome 20 to whole-genome shotgun-sequence data of two other vertebrates, the mouse Mus musculus and the puffer fish Tetraodon nigroviridis, provides an independent measure of the efficiency of gene annotation, and indicates that this analysis may account for more than 95% of all coding exons and almost all genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Deloukas
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
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Sims S, Lundberg GD. Maybe now is the time to lift the ban on silicone breast implants. MedGenMed 2001; 3:17. [PMID: 11549966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Sims S. Medrock.com: Supporting patients or chipping further away at the foundation of healthcare? MedGenMed 2001; 3:6. [PMID: 11549955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sims
- Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Baldwin J, Devon K, Dewar K, Doyle M, FitzHugh W, Funke R, Gage D, Harris K, Heaford A, Howland J, Kann L, Lehoczky J, LeVine R, McEwan P, McKernan K, Meldrim J, Mesirov JP, Miranda C, Morris W, Naylor J, Raymond C, Rosetti M, Santos R, Sheridan A, Sougnez C, Stange-Thomann Y, Stojanovic N, Subramanian A, Wyman D, Rogers J, Sulston J, Ainscough R, Beck S, Bentley D, Burton J, Clee C, Carter N, Coulson A, Deadman R, Deloukas P, Dunham A, Dunham I, Durbin R, French L, Grafham D, Gregory S, Hubbard T, Humphray S, Hunt A, Jones M, Lloyd C, McMurray A, Matthews L, Mercer S, Milne S, Mullikin JC, Mungall A, Plumb R, Ross M, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Waterston RH, Wilson RK, Hillier LW, McPherson JD, Marra MA, Mardis ER, Fulton LA, Chinwalla AT, Pepin KH, Gish WR, Chissoe SL, Wendl MC, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Delehaunty A, Kramer JB, Cook LL, Fulton RS, Johnson DL, Minx PJ, Clifton SW, Hawkins T, Branscomb E, Predki P, Richardson P, Wenning S, Slezak T, Doggett N, Cheng JF, Olsen A, Lucas S, Elkin C, Uberbacher E, Frazier M, Gibbs RA, Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Bouck JB, Sodergren EJ, Worley KC, Rives CM, Gorrell JH, Metzker ML, Naylor SL, Kucherlapati RS, Nelson DL, Weinstock GM, Sakaki Y, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Yada T, Toyoda A, Itoh T, Kawagoe C, Watanabe H, Totoki Y, Taylor T, Weissenbach J, Heilig R, Saurin W, Artiguenave F, Brottier P, Bruls T, Pelletier E, Robert C, Wincker P, Smith DR, Doucette-Stamm L, Rubenfield M, Weinstock K, Lee HM, Dubois J, Rosenthal A, Platzer M, Nyakatura G, Taudien S, Rump A, Yang H, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Gu J, Hood L, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Davis RW, Federspiel NA, Abola AP, Proctor MJ, Myers RM, Schmutz J, Dickson M, Grimwood J, Cox DR, Olson MV, Kaul R, Raymond C, Shimizu N, Kawasaki K, Minoshima S, Evans GA, Athanasiou M, Schultz R, Roe BA, Chen F, Pan H, Ramser J, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, McCombie WR, de la Bastide M, Dedhia N, Blöcker H, Hornischer K, Nordsiek G, Agarwala R, Aravind L, Bailey JA, Bateman A, Batzoglou S, Birney E, Bork P, Brown DG, Burge CB, Cerutti L, Chen HC, Church D, Clamp M, Copley RR, Doerks T, Eddy SR, Eichler EE, Furey TS, Galagan J, Gilbert JG, Harmon C, Hayashizaki Y, Haussler D, Hermjakob H, Hokamp K, Jang W, Johnson LS, Jones TA, Kasif S, Kaspryzk A, Kennedy S, Kent WJ, Kitts P, Koonin EV, Korf I, Kulp D, Lancet D, Lowe TM, McLysaght A, Mikkelsen T, Moran JV, Mulder N, Pollara VJ, Ponting CP, Schuler G, Schultz J, Slater G, Smit AF, Stupka E, Szustakowki J, Thierry-Mieg D, Thierry-Mieg J, Wagner L, Wallis J, Wheeler R, Williams A, Wolf YI, Wolfe KH, Yang SP, Yeh RF, Collins F, Guyer MS, Peterson J, Felsenfeld A, Wetterstrand KA, Patrinos A, Morgan MJ, de Jong P, Catanese JJ, Osoegawa K, Shizuya H, Choi S, Chen YJ, Szustakowki J. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001; 409:860-921. [PMID: 11237011 DOI: 10.1038/35057062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14509] [Impact Index Per Article: 630.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The human genome holds an extraordinary trove of information about human development, physiology, medicine and evolution. Here we report the results of an international collaboration to produce and make freely available a draft sequence of the human genome. We also present an initial analysis of the data, describing some of the insights that can be gleaned from the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Lander
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Center for Genome Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Li S, Sims S, Jiao Y, Chow LH, Pickering JG. Evidence from a novel human cell clone that adult vascular smooth muscle cells can convert reversibly between noncontractile and contractile phenotypes. Circ Res 1999; 85:338-48. [PMID: 10455062 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.85.4.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) perform diverse functions that can be categorized as contractile and synthetic. A traditional model holds that these distinct functions are performed by the same cell, by virtue of its capacity for bidirectional modulation of phenotype. However, this model has been challenged, in part because there is no physiological evidence that an adult synthetic SMC can acquire the ability to contract. We sought evidence for this by cloning adult SMCs from human internal thoracic artery. One clone, HITB5, expressed smooth muscle alpha-actin, smooth myosin heavy chains, heavy caldesmon, and calponin and showed robust calcium transients in response to histamine and angiotensin II, which confirmed intact transmembrane signaling cascades. On serum withdrawal, these cells adopted an elongated and spindle-shaped morphology, random migration slowed, extracellular matrix protein production fell, and cell proliferation and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation fell to near 0. Cell viability was not compromised, however; in fact, apoptosis rate fell significantly. In this state, agonist-induced elevation of cytoplasmic calcium was even more pronounced and was accompanied by SMC contraction. Readdition of 10% serum completely returned HITB5 cells to a noncontractile, proliferative phenotype. Contractile protein expression increased after serum withdrawal, although modestly, which suggested that the switch to contractile function involved reorganization or sensitization of existing contractile structures. To our knowledge, the physiological properties of HITB5 SMCs provide the first direct demonstration that cultured human adult SMCs can convert between a synthetic, noncontracting state and a contracting state. HITB5 cells should be valuable for characterizing the basis of this critical transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Vascular Biology Group, John P. Robarts Research Institute
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Nadler ES, Sims S, Tyrance PH, Fairchild DG, Brennan TA, Bates DW. Does a year make a difference? Changes in physician satisfaction and perception in an increasingly capitated environment. Am J Med 1999; 107:38-44. [PMID: 10403351 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although capitation has become an increasingly common method of payment for heath care, little is known about changes in physician satisfaction as they become more experienced working in a capitated environment. METHODS We surveyed the members of a physician hospital organization at an urban teaching hospital in the summers of 1996 and 1997. In 1996, fully capitated contracts covered <5% of patients under 65 years of age, but that figure increased to nearly 25% by 1997. We assessed physicians' satisfaction with their practice, compared satisfaction under fee-for-service and capitated payment, and evaluated ethical issues related to capitation. RESULTS In 1996, we surveyed 587 physicians with direct patient care responsibilities, of whom 62% responded; 51% of 520 physicians responded in 1997. Overall satisfaction was 57% in 1996 and 71% in 1997. Among physicians who responded in both years, overall satisfaction was unchanged, but increases in satisfaction were noted for patient load (an increase of 0.5 points on a five-point scale, P <0.01), time to discuss patient needs (an increase of 0.3 points, P <0.01), and helpfulness of care coordination (an increase of 0.5 points, P = 0.02). In a direct comparison between fee-for-service and capitation, physicians were more satisfied with both methods of payment in 1997 than they were in 1996, but they were much more satisfied with fee-for-service in both years. For many individual indicators, the difference in satisfaction between fee-for-service and capitation increased between 1996 and 1997. CONCLUSION When introduced to capitation, physicians had strong negative perceptions about it. After a year's experience, satisfaction with capitation improved, but perceived differences between capitation and fee-for-service grew even larger. Thus, physicians have serious concerns about capitation that may not be alleviated by experience with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Nadler
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Tyrance PH, Sims S, Ma'luf N, Fairchild D, Bates DW. Capitation and its effects on physician satisfaction. Cost Qual Q J 1999; 5:12-8. [PMID: 10351756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Capitation is an increasingly common method of paying physicians, but few data exist on its impact on physician satisfaction. This study examines the perceived effects of capitation on physician satisfaction at a large, academic medical center. STUDY DESIGN Survey of physicians at a single, tertiary care hospital. METHODS Physicians in a physician hospital organization were surveyed at an urban teaching hospital which received capitation for 5% of patients at the time of the survey but was preparing for a sharp increase in capitation. We used a 5-point Likert scale to assess physicians' satisfaction with their practice, and to compare satisfaction under fee-for-service and expected satisfaction under capitation. RESULTS Of the 734 physicians surveyed, 147 were excluded because they had no direct patient care responsibilities. Of the remaining 587 physicians, 363 replied, giving a response rate of 62%. Overall, 57% of physicians were satisfied with their practice. Compared to their satisfaction under fee-for-service reimbursement, they were much less satisfied with their ability to care for capitated patients (17 of 19 questions, p < 0.05). The greatest differences were for freedom to order necessary tests and freedom to obtain referrals (0.9 and 0.8 on the 5-point scale, respectively, both p < 0.0001). Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed four independent predictors of overall satisfaction: patient load (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.9-3.9), efficiency in resource utilization (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1-2.1), perceived employment stability (OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.3-2.2), and control over clinical time schedule (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0). CONCLUSIONS Physicians initially encountering capitation payment have strong negative perceptions about it, even for areas in which some policy experts expect capitation to benefit patient care. Physician education and focusing on management relations may help smooth the transition to capitated reimbursement.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Tyrance
- Harvard Medical School and Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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Burton AW, Conroy BP, Sims S, Solanki D, Williams CG. Complex regional pain syndrome type II as a complication of subclavian catheter insertion. Anesthesiology 1998; 89:804. [PMID: 9743433 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199809000-00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sims S, Golightly PW. Partnership with patients. Telephone helpline services can meet patients' demand for information. BMJ 1998; 317:414. [PMID: 9729098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Shirkhanzadeh M, Sims S. Immobilization of calcium phosphate nano-clusters into alkoxy-derived porous TiO2 coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 1997; 8:595-601. [PMID: 15348828 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018563201792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Alkoxy-derived porous coatings of titanium oxide were fabricated on commercially pure titanium substrates by an electrochemical method in methanolic electrolytes. Nano-clusters of brushite (CaHPO4. 2H2O) were immobilized into the pores of the oxide network by reacting these coatings in acidic calcium phosphate solutions at 50 degrees C. The acid-base reaction between calcium phosphate solutions and the hydroxyl groups of the oxide network resulted in the formation of nano-clusters of brushite crystals immobilized inside the oxide pores. This treatment resulted in the conversion of the porous oxide network into a coherent mass with improved physical integrity. Nano-clusters of brushite crystals immobilized in the oxide matrix were converted into amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and poorly crystallized hydroxyapatite (HA) by further treatment of the oxide in alkaline solutions. The porous oxide coating also reacted strongly with concentrated phosphoric acid. The phosphate-modified oxide resulting from this reaction was further treated in calcium hydroxide solution to form nano-clusters of poorly crystallized HA within the oxide network.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shirkhanzadeh
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Braden JH, Swadley D, Sims S. Health information management department: reeingineering accounts receivable and documentation. Top Health Inf Manage 1996; 16:24-31. [PMID: 10156197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Braden
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
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Abstract
How does the nervous system encode environmental stimuli as sensory experiences? Both the type (visual, olfactory, gustatory, mechanical or auditory) and the quality of a stimulus (spatial position, intensity or frequency) are represented as a neural code. Here we undertake a genetic analysis of sensory modality coding in Caenorhabditis elegans. The ASH sensory neurons respond to two distinct sensory stimuli (nose touch and osmotic stimuli). A mutation in the glr-1 (glutamate receptor) gene eliminates the response to nose touch but not to osmotic repellents. The predicted GLR-1 protein is roughly 40% identical to mammalian AMPA-class glutamate receptor (GluR) subunits. Analysis of glr-1 expression and genetic mosaics indicates that GLR-1 receptors act in synaptic targets of the ASH neurons. We propose that discrimination between the ASH sensory modalities arises from differential release of ASH neurotransmitters in response to different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Hart
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital 02114, USA
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38
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Radi R, Sims S, Cassina A, Turrens JF. Roles of catalase and cytochrome c in hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescence in rat heart and kidney mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 1993; 15:653-9. [PMID: 8138192 DOI: 10.1016/0891-5849(93)90169-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A recent report (Radi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266:22028-22034, 1991) showed that rat heart mitochondria contain catalase. The protective role of mitochondrial catalase was tested by exposing heart or kidney mitochondria and mitoplasts to two oxidants (H2O2) or tert-butyl hydroperoxide, t-BOOH), estimating lipid peroxidation (as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, TBARS) and overall oxidative stress (as chemiluminescence). Additional controls included heart and kidney preparations from aminotriazole-treated (catalase-depleted) rats. Both oxidants increased TBARS in catalase-free preparations to similar extents over their respective controls (between 200 to 350%). In catalase-containing preparations, H2O2 lipid peroxidation increased by only 40 to 96% over controls. Similar qualitative results were obtained when measuring chemiluminescence. The catalytic role of cytochrome c in mitochondrial lipid peroxidation was investigated by exposing either control or cytochrome-c-depleted kidney mitoplasts (catalase free) to either H2O2 or t-BOOH. Hydrogen-peroxide-dependent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation varied with cytochrome c concentration, remaining close to controls when cytochrome c concentration decreased by 66%, even though there was no catalase present. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation was less affected by cytochrome c remaining 2.3-fold above controls under the same conditions, suggesting that organic peroxides are more likely to remain in the less polar membrane environment being decomposed by heme or nonheme iron imbedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Chemiluminescence was less affected by cytochrome c depletion. Comparing control and cytochrome-c-deficient mitochondria, chemiluminescence was 1.7-fold and 2.8-fold higher when control preparations were challenged with t-BOOH or H2O2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Seong DC, Gottlieb K, Suh SP, Sims S, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Deisseroth A. Identification of a complex formed between nuclear proteins and the transcriptional enhancer of interferon-inducible genes that is present in the peripheral blood myeloid cells of CML but not normal individuals. J Interferon Res 1992; 12:323-7. [PMID: 1431311 DOI: 10.1089/jir.1992.12.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (INF-alpha) induces cytogenetic remissions in 20% of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients. To clarify the mechanisms through which this antiproliferative action of IFN is mediated in the CML cell, a modification of the mobility-shift assay was used to follow the formation of complexes between nuclear proteins and IFN-inducible transcriptional enhancers involved in mediating the cellular effects of IFN-alpha. These studies identified a complex that was present in the myeloid cells of 18/24 (75%) of chronic-phase CML patients tested whose cells contained 100% Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) cells, while the proteins of none of the samples tested from normal peripheral blood samples and only 22% (2/9) of the CML patients in an IFN-induced major cytogenetic remission (less than 30% Ph+ cells) contained these complexes. These studies suggest that the mobility-shift assay detects changes in the CML myeloid cell that distinguish it from the normal myeloid cell.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/drug effects
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/chemistry
- Reference Values
- Remission Induction/methods
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Seong
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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40
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Sasaki
- Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn. 06510
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Sims S. Demonstration day: a unique way to learn. Neonatal Netw 1992; 11:41-4. [PMID: 1740998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Seong D, Sims S, Johnson E, Lyding J, Lopez A, Garovoy M, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Lopez-Berestein G, Reading C. Activation of class I HLA expression by TNF-alpha and gamma-interferon is mediated through protein kinase C-dependent pathway in CML cell lines. Br J Haematol 1991; 78:359-67. [PMID: 1908310 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1991.tb04449.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and gamma-interferon induced transcription of class I HLA genes in chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) cell lines through the formation of a complex between nuclear proteins and the transcriptional enhancers associated with these genes. Although gamma-interferon or TNF-alpha stimulated expression of class I HLA antigens in the EM2 and K562 CML cell lines when used alone, the effect of the combination of TNF-alpha and gamma-interferon was greater than that observed with either agent alone. The induction of class I HLA expression by gamma-interferon and TNF-alpha was inhibited completely by the isoquinoline sulfonamide H7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C. We conclude that the enhancement of the gamma-interferon induced transcriptional activation of class I HLA gene expression by TNF-alpha involves a protein kinase C-dependent pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Base Sequence
- Cell Division
- Cell Line
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression
- Genes, MHC Class I/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Seong
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Boyd S, Cleary BL, Coomer M, Cooper P, Cosner D, Cummins N, Decell K, Kemper B, Kirby V, Sims S. Professional nursing roles. The reintegration of patient teaching. J Nurs Staff Dev 1991; 7:88-90. [PMID: 2030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This article stresses the critical nature of the education function of the nurse and suggests strategies for reintegrating teaching as a professional role. It is important that administrators value teaching and that staff development departments assist nurses in refining teaching skills.
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Wedrychowski A, Seong D, Paslidis N, Johnson E, Howard OM, Sims S, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Hester J, Turpin J. Characterization of nuclear proteins which bind to interferon-inducible transcriptional enhancers in hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:21433-40. [PMID: 2174873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear proteins isolated from untreated lymphoid cells formed complexes with the interferon-inducible transcriptional enhancer (IITE) containing a 73- and an 84-kDa protein, whereas the nuclear proteins of untreated myeloid cells formed complexes with the IITE which contained 50-, 65-, and 73-, but not 84-kDa nuclear proteins. The difference in the molecular masses of the nuclear proteins binding to the IITE in lymphoid and myeloid cells was due to a phosphatase present in the cytoplasm of the myeloid cells. Induction of transcriptional activation by interferon was accompanied by the binding of a 95-kDa nuclear protein to the IITE 1-4 h after the start of exposure to interferon. Cycloheximide did not inhibit the binding of the 95-kDa nuclear protein or the transcriptional activation of alpha-interferon-inducible genes. These data suggest that the induction of gene transcription by alpha-interferon in hematopoietic cells may be associated with post-translational changes in a 95-kDa nuclear protein that binds to IITE, thereby leading to transcriptional activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wedrychowski
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Wedrychowski A, Seong D, Paslidis N, Johnson E, Howard OM, Sims S, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Hester J, Turpin J. Characterization of nuclear proteins which bind to interferon-inducible transcriptional enhancers in hematopoietic cells. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)45756-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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46
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Seong DC, Sims S, Johnson E, Howard OM, Reiter B, Hester J, Talpaz M, Kantarjian H, Deisseroth A. A phosphatase activity present in peripheral blood myeloid cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients but not normal individuals alters nuclear protein binding to transcriptional enhancers of interferon-inducible genes. J Clin Invest 1990; 86:1664-70. [PMID: 2243138 PMCID: PMC296917 DOI: 10.1172/jci114889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic protein from peripheral blood myeloid cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients altered the electrophoretic mobility of complexes formed between nuclear proteins and interferon-inducible transcriptional enhancers. Immature myeloid marrow cells (blasts and promyelocytes) have a higher level of this activity than do mature myeloid marrow cells (bands and polys). This activity, which is not detectable in the peripheral blood cells of normal individuals, is at least 50-fold higher in CML marrow blasts and promyelocytes than that found in marrow blasts and promyelocytes of normal individuals. This activity was inhibited by in vivo incubation of immature myeloid cells with the phosphatase inhibitor, sodium orthovanadate (0.2 mM), and by adding orthovanadate (20 mM) directly to cytoplasmic proteins of myeloid cells. Interferon-alpha (1,000 U/ml) reduced the effects of the CML myeloid cell cytoplasmic protein on the electrophoretic mobility of nuclear protein-DNA complexes. These data suggest that a unique phosphatase may be involved in the abnormalities in CML which are modulated by interferon-alpha.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Phosphatase/blood
- Base Sequence
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- Electrophoresis
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nuclear Proteins/metabolism
- Temperature
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Seong
- Department of Hematology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030
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Gesteland HM, Sims S, Lindsay RN. Evaluation of two approaches to educating elementary schoolteachers about insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Educ 1989; 15:510-3. [PMID: 2627867 DOI: 10.1177/014572178901500607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Two approaches to better educate elementary schoolteachers about children with diabetes were tested. One group of teachers was given a program consisting of a video, pamphlets, and a question-and-answer session. The second group was informed that these materials were available to them in the media center. A 22-point questionnaire was used before intervention and 8 to 10 weeks later. Although both groups showed significant improvement compared with the control group, the improvement was slight and not felt to be clinically satisfactory. We conclude that mass education of elementary schoolteachers is ineffective and that other approaches need to be developed.
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Sims S. Hope and coping with cancer. Nurs RSA 1989; 4:33-9. [PMID: 2739698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Sims S. Cancer and ageing. Nurs Times 1988; 84:26-8. [PMID: 3405828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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