1
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Otuli NL, Otsatre-Okuti M, Atenyi-Kasemire R, Dupont R, Bélec L. Analytical performances of a point-of-care loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay to detect Group B Streptococcus in intrapartum pregnant women living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106972. [PMID: 38387704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is the leading infectious cause of stillbirth and neonatal morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS Vaginal and rectovaginal swab samples were obtained from 274 intrapartum pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo to be analyzed for GBS DNA detection in parallel by the point-of-care BIOSYNEX AMPLIFLASH® GBS assay (Biosynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) and by reference quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Rectovaginal swabbing, nearly two-fold more positive for GBS than vaginal swabbing alone, showed a high prevalence of GBS DNA positivity in 20.1% of eligible intrapartum pregnant women. In the event of significant bacterial carriage (i.e., cycle threshold ≤33 by reference qPCR), the AMPLIFLASH® GBS assay with rectovaginal swabbing showed high sensitivity (98.1%) and specificity (100.0%) for GBS DNA detection, with excellent concordance, reliability, and accuracy with the reference qPCR, and positive predictive values and negative predictive values above 99.0%. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates a high rate of female rectogenital GBS colonization in pregnant Congolese women. The AMPLIFLASH® GBS assay harbored excellent analytical performances in the field, which makes it suitable to be used as point-of-care molecular assay in various hospital and non-hospital settings where rapid diagnosis of GBS is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Noel Labana Otuli
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Monde Otsatre-Okuti
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Raphael Dupont
- Laboratoire d'analyses médicales, Centre Cardiologique du Nord (CCN), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manzemu DG, Opara JPA, Kasai ET, Mumbere M, Kampunzu VM, Likele BB, Uvoya NA, Vanzwa HM, Bukaka GM, Dady FS, Dauly NN, Belec L, Tonen-Wolyec S. Rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children with acute gastroenteritis after introducing the Rotasiil® vaccine in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297219. [PMID: 38346035 PMCID: PMC10861064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rotavirus vaccination has reduced the global burden of the virus, morbidity and mortality from rotavirus infection remain high in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus infections in children under five years with acute gastroenteritis and to identify factors associated with rotavirus infection after the introduction of the Rotasiil® vaccine in 2019 in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). METHODS This study consisted of a cross-sectional hospital-based survey conducted from May 2022 to April 2023 in four health facilities in Kisangani, using a fecal-based test (rapid antigenic immuno-chromatographic diagnostic test, BYOSYNEX adenovirus/rotavirus BSS, Biosynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) of rotavirus and adenovirus infections among children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis. RESULTS A total of 320 children under five years of age with acute gastroenteritis were included. The prevalence of rotavirus infection was 34.4%, that of adenovirus was 6.3%, and that of both rotavirus and adenovirus coinfection was 1.3%. The prevalence of rotavirus was significantly higher in unvaccinated children than in vaccinated children (55.4% versus 23.1%; P < 0.001). This difference was observed only in children who received all three vaccine doses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis shows that the rate of rotavirus infection was significantly reduced in vaccinated children (adjusted OR: 0.31 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.19-0.56]; P < 0.001) and those whose mothers had an average (adjusted OR: 0.51 [95% CI: 0.25-0.91]; P = 0.018) or high level (adjusted OR: 0.34 [95% CI: 0.20-0.64]; P < 0.001) of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of rotavirus infection remains high in Kisangani despite vaccination. However, the prevalence of adenovirus infections was low in our series. Complete vaccination with three doses and mothers' average and high level of knowledge about the rotavirus vaccine significantly reduces the rate of rotavirus infection. It is, therefore, essential to strengthen the mothers' health education, continue with the Rotasiil® vaccine, and ensure epidemiological surveillance of rotavirus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Gbebangi Manzemu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Pierre Alworong'a Opara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Tebandite Kasai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mupenzi Mumbere
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Véronique Muyobela Kampunzu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bibi Batoko Likele
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Naura Apio Uvoya
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hortense Malikidogo Vanzwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaspard Mande Bukaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Falay Sadiki Dady
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nestor Ngbonda Dauly
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and University of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gbebangi-Manzemu D, Kampunzu VM, Vanzwa HM, Mumbere M, Bukaka GM, Likele BB, Kasai ET, Mukinayi BM, Tonen-Wolyec S, Dauly NN, Alworong'a Opara JP. Clinical profile of children under 5 years of age with rotavirus diarrhoea in a hospital setting in Kisangani, DRC, after the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine, a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:193. [PMID: 37095482 PMCID: PMC10123467 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is one of the countries with the highest rotavirus mortality rate in the world. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical features of rotavirus infection after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination of children in the city of Kisangani, DRC. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age admitted to 4 hospitals in Kisangani, DRC. Rotavirus was detected in children's stools by an immuno-chromatographic antigenic rapid diagnostic test. RESULTS A total of 165 children under 5 years of age were included in the study. We obtained 59 cases of rotavirus infection, or 36% CI95 [27, 45]. The majority of children with rotavirus infection were unvaccinated (36 cases) and had watery diarrhoea (47 cases), of high frequency per day/per admission 9.6 ± 3.4 and accompanied by severe dehydration (30 cases). A statistically significant difference in mean Vesikari score was observed between unvaccinated and vaccinated children (12.7 vs 10.7 p-value 0.024). CONCLUSION Rotavirus infection in hospitalized children under 5 years of age is characterized by a severe clinical manifestation. Epidemiological surveillance is needed to identify risk factors associated with the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Gbebangi-Manzemu
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Véronique Muyobela Kampunzu
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Hortense Malikidogo Vanzwa
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Mupenzi Mumbere
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Graben, Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaspard Mande Bukaka
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Bibi Batoko Likele
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Emmanuel Tebandite Kasai
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Benoit Mbiya Mukinayi
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mbujimayi, Mbuji-Mayi, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Nestor Ngbonda Dauly
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean Pierre Alworong'a Opara
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mossoro-Kpinde CD, Kalla GCM, Baguida-Bokia C, Sombot-Ndicki S, Bobossi C, Tonen-Wolyec S, Mbopi-Kéou FX, Bélec L. Diagnostic performances of Exacto® Triplex rapid test for diagnosis of HIV/HCV/HBsAg: a multicenter, cross-sectional, field study in the Central African Republic. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 43:21. [PMID: 36451724 PMCID: PMC9695677 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.43.21.36041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION the Exacto® Triplex HIV/HCV/HBsAg (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) consists in lateral flow, immunochromatographic rapid diagnostic test simultaneously detecting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and HIV-2 and hepatitis C virus (HCV)- specific antibodies (IgG and IgM) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum, plasma and whole blood. We herein evaluated its diagnostic performances in the Central African Republic (CAR). METHODS cross-sectional study was conducted on prospectively collected panel of 550 sera from adult inpatients living in Bangui, including 200 HIV-positive, 100 HBsAg-positive, 50 HCV-positive, 200 negatives to three viruses according to reference immuno-enzymatic serological tests including Murex HCV (Diasorin, Saluggia, Italy) for HCV, Murex HBsAg (Diasorin) for HBV, Genscreen ULTRA HIV Ag-Ab HIV-1/2 Version 2 (Bio-Rad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) and Murex HIV 1.2.0 Ag/Ab Combination (Diasorin), the 2 tests associated in the parallel algorithm for the reference strategy for the diagnosis of HIV in CAR. Serum samples were tested blindly in duplicate. The findings are reported following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. RESULTS the Exacto® Triplex showed 99.5% (95% CI; 98.5-100.0), 96.0% [90.6-100.0] and 99.0% [97.1-100.0] sensitivities for HIV, HCV and HBsAg, respectively. The specificity, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 100.0% for all three viruses. The Youden's J index and Cohen's κ coefficient were 0.99 for HIV and HBsAg. For HCV, Youden's J and Cohen's κ coefficient were 0.96 and 0.98, respectively. In the epidemiological context of the CAR, the PPV and NPV for all three viral infections were high (≥99.0% to 100%). CONCLUSION taken together, our STROBE-compliant study demonstrates that the Exacto® Triplex HIV/HCV/HBsAg showed high sensitivity and specificity for HIV and HBsAg (≥99.0%), and relatively high sensitivity (96.0%) and high specificity (100%) for HCV. These analytical performances are within the limits required by the WHO (i.e. sensitivity ≥99.0% and specificity ≥98.0%) for HIV and HBV. The Exacto® Triplex HIV/HCV/HBsAg is user-friendly at low cost, and appears highly desirable for routine use in the CAR, and likely other Central African countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | | | - Coretha Baguida-Bokia
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Simplice Sombot-Ndicki
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Christelle Bobossi
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) et Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kambale-Kombi P, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Alworong'a Opara JP, Minon JM, Atoba Bokele C, Bours V, Azerad MA, Tonen-Wolyec S, Kayembe Tshilumba C, Batina-Agasa S. Does glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency worsen the clinical features of sickle cell disease? A multi-hospital-based cross-sectional study. Hematology 2022; 27:590-595. [PMID: 35617172 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2022.2074715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency(G-6-PD) on the clinical course of sickle cell disease(SCD) is still controversial. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in patients with SCD and its effect on their clinical course. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 122 SCD patients and 211 healthy blood donors was conducted in Kisangani city. Data were collected through clinical examination supplemented by patient medical records, and laboratory tests based on a survey form. G-6-PD activity was measured by spectrophotometry and the screening for SCD by the HemoTypeSC® rapid test. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS ver. 20.0. RESULTS The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency did not differ between SCD and non-SCD subjects, 35.2% vs. 33.6% respectively(p = .767). When comparing the hemoglobin level between SCD patients with and without G-6-PD deficiency, no significant difference was observed. However, in the 6 months prior to the study, SCD patients with G-6-PD deficiency had on average more transfusions than non-deficient SCD patients, 0.64 ± 0.897 vs. 0.24 ± 0.486(p = .004). Similarly, considering the clinical events of the last 12 months prior to the study, there were more hospitalizations, major vaso-occlusive crises and anemia requiring blood transfusion among G-6-PD deficient SCD patients compared to no-deficient, respectively 1.42 ± 1.451vs. 0.76 ± 1.112(p = .007); 1.37 ± 1.092 vs. 0.85 ± 1.014(p = .005); 0.74 ± 0.902 vs. 0.38 ± 0.739 (p = .007). CONCLUSION The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in SCD patients was high but did not differ from that observed in controls. In addition, G-6-PD deficiency appeared to worsen the clinical features of SCD. Nevertheless, prospective studies further clarifying this observation are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kambale-Kombi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Alworong'a Opara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean-Marc Minon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion and Thrombosis-Haemostasis Unit, Centre Hospitalier Régional de la Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Camille Atoba Bokele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Vincent Bours
- Department of Human Genetics, CHU of Liège, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Agnès Azerad
- Department of Haematology, CHU of Liège at Site CHR Citadelle, Liège, Belgium
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mboumba Bouassa RS, Tonen-Wolyec S, Veyer D, Péré H, Bélec L. Analytical performances of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A/B and respiratory syncytial viruses in respiratory specimens. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262258. [PMID: 34986156 PMCID: PMC8730414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A, influenza B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) show comparable or very similar manifestations, the therapeutic approaches of these respiratory viral infections are different, which requires an accurate diagnosis. Recently, the novel multiplex real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex (BioSynex SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France) allows simultaneous detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory tract samples. We herein evaluated the performance of the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex for the detection of the four viruses in respiratory specimens, using Allplex™ Respiratory Panel 1 and 2019-nCoV assays (Seegene, Seoul, Korea) as reference comparator assays. A total of 359 archived predetermined respiratory samples, including 83, 145, 19 and 95 positive specimens for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B and RSV respectively, were included. The AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex showed high concordance with the reference assays, with an overall agreement for SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV at 97.6%, 98.8%, 98.3% and 100.0%, respectively, and high κ values ranging from 0.93 to 1.00, indicating an almost perfect agreement between assays. Furthermore, high correlations of cycle threshold (Ct) values were observed for positive samples of the four viruses between the AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex and comparator assays, with an overall high agreement between Ct values assessed by Bland-Altman analyses. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that the multiplex AMPLIQUICK® Respiratory Triplex is a reliable assay for the qualitative detection and differentiation of SARS-CoV-2, influenza A, influenza B, and RSV in respiratory specimens, which may prove useful for streamlining diagnostics during the winter influenza-seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale d’Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale d’Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Mbumba Lupaka DM, Batina-Agasa S, Mbopi Keou FX, Bélec L. Review of authorship for COVID-19 research conducted during the 2020 first-wave epidemic in Africa reveals emergence of promising African biomedical research and persisting asymmetry of international collaborations. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:137-148. [PMID: 34984771 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of African authors to the biomedical literature is small. We evaluated the African and non-African scientific production published in the international literature on the COVID-19 in Africa during the first year of the epidemic (2020). METHODS Papers on COVID-19 in Africa were extracted from the Medline (PubMed) database for bibliometric analysis including the proportions of three leading and last authors by study type, study country, authors' and laboratories/institutions' countries of affiliation and journal ranking. RESULTS A total of 160 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The majority (91.3%) was produced by half (53.7%) of African countries, with important regional disparities, and generally without sources of funding mentioned. The majority (>85.0) of authors in lead positions (first, second, third and last authors) were Africans. Only a small number (8.7%) of studies on COVID-19 in Africa were carried out by laboratories not on the African continent (mainly Europe, USA and China) and generally received funding. The last and first authors were more frequently of non-African origin in journals with an Impact Factor ranking ≥1, and more frequently of African origin in journals with a lower ranking (< 1). The first and last non-African authors tended to report their studies in high ranking ≥1 journals. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the emergence of promising African research capable of publishing in indexed but low-impact factor medical journals and reveals the persistence of a North-South asymmetry in international cooperation in biomedical research with Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Dieu-Merci Mbumba Lupaka
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François-Xavier Mbopi Keou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University of Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mossoro-Kpinde CD, Bobossi C, Tonen-Wolyec S, Kalla GCM, Baguida-Bokia C, Sombot-Ndicki S, Gresenguet G, Mbopi-Keou FX, Belec L. Analytical performances of Exacto® HIV self-test in the Central African Republic. Pan Afr Med J 2022; 41:236. [PMID: 35721654 PMCID: PMC9167446 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2022.41.236.31220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein evaluated the analytical performances of the CE-IVD capillary blood Exacto® HIV self-test (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) in the Central African Republic (CAR). A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative national panel of 200 sera positive for HIV and 200 negative for HIV, randomly selected thorough the CAR for HIV seroprevalence surveillance survey, according to reference test. The Exacto® HIV self-test showed 99.5% (95% CI: 98.2-99.9) sensitivity and 100.0% (95% CI: 99.0-100.0) specificity. The Youden´s J index and Cohen´s Kappa coefficient were 0.995. At HIV-1 seroprevalence of 3.5% in the general adult population of the CAR, the positive and negative predictive values were 100% (95% CI: 99.0-100) and 99.9% (95% CI: 98.9-100), respectively. The results are within the limits required by the WHO (i.e. sensitivity ≥ 99.0% and specificity ≥ 98.0%), making Exacto® HIV self-test suitable for routine use in the CAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
- Corresponding author: Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde, Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine.
| | - Christelle Bobossi
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | - Coretha Baguida-Bokia
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Simplice Sombot-Ndicki
- Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | - Gerard Gresenguet
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, République Centrafricaine
| | | | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Dupont R, Awaida N, Batina-Agasa S, Hayette MP, Bélec L. Evaluation of the Practicability of Biosynex Antigen Self-Test COVID-19 AG+ for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein from Self-Collected Nasal Mid-Turbinate Secretions in the General Public in France. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:2217. [PMID: 34943454 PMCID: PMC8700066 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ease-of-use, lateral flow assay SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic tests could be suitable candidates for antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic self-test (Ag-RDST). We evaluated the practicability of the Ag-RDST BIOSYNEX Antigen Self-Test COVID-19 Ag+ (Biosynex Swiss SA, Freiburg, Switzerland), using self-collected nasal secretions from the turbinate medium (NMT), in 106 prospectively included adult volunteers living in Paris, France. The majority of the participants correctly understood the instructions for use (94.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 88.3-97.4), showing a great ability to perform the entire self-test procedure to obtain a valid and interpretable result (100%; 95% CI: 96.5-100), and demonstrated the ability to correctly interpret test results (96.2%; 95% CI: 94.2-97.5) with a high level of general satisfaction. About one in eight participants (# 15%) needed verbal help to perform or interpret the test, and only 3.8% of test results were misinterpreted. By reference to multiplex real-time RT-PCR, the Ag-RDST showed 90.9% and 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, and high agreement (98.1%), reliability (0.94), and accuracy (90.9%) to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Taken together, our study demonstrates the high usability and accuracy of BIOSYNEX Antigen Self-Test COVID-19 Ag+ for supervised self-collected NMT sampling in an unselected adult population living in France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville 876, Gabon;
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani 2012, Congo;
| | - Raphaël Dupont
- Laboratoire Paris XV, 75015 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Natalio Awaida
- Laboratoire Paris XV, 75015 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani 2012, Congo;
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Université of Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Batina-Agasa S. High susceptibility to severe malaria among patients with A blood group versus those with O blood group: A cross-sectional study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trop Parasitol 2021; 11:97-101. [PMID: 34765530 PMCID: PMC8579772 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_87_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of severe malaria infection with the ABO blood groups among acute febrile patients at the General Hospital of Rungu, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. This cross-sectional study was conducted between August and October 2018. Plasmodium falciparum-infected individuals were categorized as severe malaria and uncomplicated malaria. A total of 400 febrile patients were enrolled. The majority (n = 251; 62.8%) was positive P. falciparum in microscopy test, of whom 180 (71.7%) had uncomplicated malaria and 71 (28.3%) severe malaria; 32.3%, 18.3%, 2.8%, and 46.6% were found to be blood group of A, B, AB, and O, respectively. In the multivariate analysis using the logistic regression models, severe malaria was high among patients with A blood group compared to those with O blood group (45.8% vs. 13.7%; adjusted odds ratio: 5.3 [95% confidence interval: 2.7–10.5]; P < 0.001). This survey demonstrates that patients with A blood group had a high susceptibility to severe malaria compared to those with O blood group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fitoussi F, Tonen-Wolyec S, Awaida N, Dupont R, Bélec L. Analytical performance of the point-of-care BIOSYNEX COVID-19 Ag BSS for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in nasopharyngeal swabs: a prospective field evaluation during the COVID-19 third wave in France. Infection 2021; 50:625-633. [PMID: 34689310 PMCID: PMC8542359 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01723-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy and reliability of rapid diagnostic tests are critical for monitoring and diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of the BIOSYNEX COVID-19 Ag BSS (Biosynex Swiss SA, Fribourg, Switzerland) antigen rapid diagnostic test (BIOSYNEX Ag-RDT), which targets the SARS-CoV-2 N-nucleocapsid protein for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The Ag-RDT was compared with a real-time RT-PCR (rtRT-PCR) as gold standard for performance measurement. METHODS Two nasopharyngeal flocked swabs were prospectively collected simultaneously in March and April 2021 from 967 individuals aged ≥ 18 years tested for SARS-CoV-2 in two private laboratories, Paris, France. RESULTS Overall, the Ag-RDT demonstrated high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 81.8%, 99.6%, 96.6%, and 97.5%, respectively. The agreement (97.0%), reliability assessed using Cohen's κ-coefficient (0.87), and accuracy evaluated using Youden index (J) (81.6%) in detecting SARS-CoV-2 were high. The analytical performance of the Ag-RDT remained high when there was significant viral shedding (i.e., N gene Ct values ≤ 33 on reference RT-PCR). The sensitivity was only 55.2% in case of low or very low viral excretion (Ct > 33). CONCLUSIONS The BIOSYNEX Ag-RDT is a promising, potentially simple diagnostic tool, especially in symptomatic COVID-19 patients with substantial viral excretion in the nasopharynx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fitoussi
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Centre Cardiologique du Nord - CCN, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale d'Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Raphaël Dupont
- Laboratoire d'Analyses Médicales, Centre Cardiologique du Nord - CCN, Saint-Denis, France.,Laboratoire Paris XV, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Kayembe Tshilumba C, Batina-Agasa S, Tagoto Tepungipame A, Bélec L. Uptake of HIV/AIDS Services Following a Positive Self-Test Is Lower in Men Than Women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:667732. [PMID: 34395469 PMCID: PMC8360881 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.667732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As far as HIV self-testing (HIVST) is concerned, proving the link to HIV care for users with a positive result contributes to understanding the implementation of HIVST. We sought to examine whether there were differences by sex in the uptake of HIV services following a positive self-test in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This was a mixed-methods study exploring linkage to care for HIVST through a secondary analysis of collected data from three pilot surveys recently conducted in three cities (Kinshasa, Kisangani, and Kindu) during 2018 and 2020 in the DRC. Linkage to HIV care was defined as delayed when observed beyond 1 week. A total of 1,652 individuals were self-tested for HIV. Overall, the proportion of linkage to HIV care was high (n = 258; 82.2%) among individuals having a positive result with HIV self-test (n = 314), but it was significantly lower in men (65.2%) than women (89.2%). Furthermore, linkage to HIV care of men was significantly delayed as compared with that of women (40.0 vs. 20.7%). These findings show a lower uptake of care following a positive self-test in men than women. This trend already previously observed in sub-Saharan Africa shed light on the need to increase linkages to care among men newly diagnosed through HIV self-testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty de Medicine, University de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University de Paris, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kambale-Kombi P, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Alworong'a Opara JP, Minon JM, Boemer F, Bours V, Tonen-Wolyec S, Kayembe Tshilumba C, Batina-Agasa S. Management of sickle cell disease: current practices and challenges in a northeastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:199-205. [PMID: 33594960 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2021.1880752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the third most affected country worldwide by sickle cell disease (SCD). However, this disease is still orphaned in the country; large-scale control actions are rare, and little is known about its management. OBJECTIVE To assess current practices in the management of SCD in Kisangani, DRC. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in six health facilities in Kisangani. It involved 198 presumed sickle cell patients attending the above health facilities. The study focused on the sociodemographic and clinical data of the participants, obtained through a clinical examination and their medical records. Diagnostic confirmation of SCD was made by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS The diagnosis of SCD was confirmed in 194 (98.0%; 95% CI: 94.9-99.2) participants, while it was not confirmed in 4 (2.0%; 95% CI: 0.8-5.1) participants. The diagnosis was mainly made by the Emmel test (42.9%). 45.8% of participants had previously been transfused with the blood of their parents. Folic acid was taken by 48.5% of participants and the previous intake of hydroxyurea was reported in 5.1% of participants. The participants vaccinated against Pneumococcus were 13.6% and against Haemophilus influenzae type b 28.3%. Penicillin prophylaxis was received by only 1.5% and malaria prophylaxis by 11.6% of participants. CONCLUSION Standard-care practices for SCD patients in Kisangani are insufficient. The Congolese government should regard this disease as a health priority and consider actions to improve its management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kambale-Kombi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Vincent Bours
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fitoussi F, Dupont R, Tonen-Wolyec S, Bélec L. Performances of the VitaPCR™ SARS-CoV-2 Assay during the second wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in France. J Med Virol 2021; 93:4351-4357. [PMID: 33738829 PMCID: PMC8250980 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To assess the practicability (usability and satisfaction) and analytical performances of the VitaPCR™ SARS‐CoV‐2 Assay (Credo Diagnostics Biomedical Pte. Ltd.), a rapid point‐of‐care nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), by reference to real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) for respiratory viruses. The practicability of the VitaPCR™ Assay and Instrument was assessed from usability evaluation and a satisfaction questionnaire. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 239 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐like illness during the second epidemic wave, in Paris, France. Overall, the usability of the VitaPCR™ Instrument was high. The satisfaction questionnaire indicated a high appreciation of the VitaPCR™ NAAT mainly for the short duration of analysis in only 20 min. A total of 140 and 99 samples were positive and negative for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by rRT‐PCR, respectively. In the event of significant viral load (i.e., N gene Ct values 33), the platform's analytical performances dropped significantly, with lower sensitivity, concordance, and accuracy, while its specificity remained high. The VitaPCR™ SARS‐CoV‐2 Assay is an accurate rapid point‐of‐care NAAT, suitable for clinical practice for the rapid diagnosis of COVID‐19, especially in patients with COVID‐19‐suspected symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fitoussi
- Laboratoire d'analyses médicales, Centre Cardiologique du Nord (CCN), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Raphaël Dupont
- Laboratoire d'analyses médicales, Centre Cardiologique du Nord (CCN), Saint-Denis, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale d'Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Unité de Recherche, d'Enseignement et de Soins (URES) d'Immuno-hématologie et de Microbiologie, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mboumba Bouassa RS, Tonen-Wolyec S, Rodary J, Bélec L. Comparative practicability and analytical performances of Credo VitaPCR™ Flu A&B and Cepheid Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV platforms. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115381. [PMID: 33852989 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To compare the practicability (usability and satisfaction) and analytical performances of VitaPCR™ Flu A&B Assay (Credo Diagnostics Biomedical Pte. Ltd., Singapore, Republic of Singapore) and Xpert® Xpress Flu/RSV kit (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA), two rapid point-of-care (POC) nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) by reference to multiplex RT-PCR for respiratory viruses. Nasopharyngeal swabs (n=117) were collected from patients with influenza-like illness in Paris, France. Thawed specimens were further analyzed with both NAATs. The usability was comparable for both NAATs. Satisfaction questionnaire was better for the VitaPCR™ platform for the short time of test result in 20 minutes. Both NAATs showed comparable sensitivities (VitaPCRTM: 95.0%; Xpert® Xpress: 97.5%) and specificities (100%) for influenza A/B RNA detection, with excellent reliability and accuracy between both NAATs. Both VitaPCR™ and Xpert® Xpress NAATs can be implemented in hospital setting as POC NAATs to rapidly detect influenza A/B RNA in symptomatic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Julien Rodary
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Centre Université de Paris, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, and INSERM, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Péré H, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Tonen-Wolyec S, Podglajen I, Veyer D, Bélec L. Analytical performances of five SARS-CoV-2 whole-blood finger-stick IgG-IgM combined antibody rapid tests. J Virol Methods 2021; 290:114067. [PMID: 33476707 PMCID: PMC7813505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Facing the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, there is an urgent need for serological assays identifying individuals previously infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). We herein compared five new CE-IVD-labeled commercially available SARS-CoV-2 whole-blood finger-stick IgG/IgM combined RDTs, in parallel according to the manufacturers’ instructions, with two serum panels obtained from 48 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (panel I) and from a group of 52 patients randomly selected, for whom serum samples collected before the COVID-19 epidemic (from October 1 to November 30, 2019) were negative for SARS-CoV-2 IgG (panel II). We found a sensitivity of 95.8 %, 91.6 %, 92.3 %, 97.9 % and 91.4 %, and a specificity of 98.1 %, 86.5 %, 100 %, 98.1 % and 84.6 %, for BIOSYNEX COVID-19 BSS (IgG/IgM) (Biosynex Swiss SA, Freiburg, Switzerland), Humasis COVID-19 IgG/IgM Test (Humasis Co., Ltd., Gyneonggi, Republic of Korea), LYHER COVID-19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test (Medakit Ltd, Hong Kong, China), SIENNA™ COVID-19 (IgG/IgM) Rapid Test Cassette (Salofa Oy, Salo, Finland) and NG-BIOTECH COVID-19 (IgG/IgM) (NG-Biotech, Guipry, France), respectively. Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM combined RDTs have a sufficient sensitivity for identifying individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection, but some RDTs may lack of specificity, with risk of false positivity mainly for the IgM band.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; INSERM U970, PARCC, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Université de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Isabelle Podglajen
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Muwonga Masidi J, Kamanga Lukusa LF, Nsiku Dikumbwa G, Sarassoro A, Bélec L. Analytical Performance of the Exacto Test HIV Self-Test: A Cross-Sectional Field Study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 7:ofaa554. [PMID: 33409330 PMCID: PMC7759209 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has begun implementing HIV self-testing to boost the first “95” of the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets by 2025. This study aims to assess the performance and usability of the Exacto Test HIV (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) self-test in the lab and in the field. The Exacto Test HIV self-test demonstrated high virological performance (sensitivity, 99.6%; specificity, 100%) in the lab and in the field in the hand of untrained users (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 98.9%). Taken together, the excellent performance and usability characteristics of the Exacto Test HIV (Biosynex) self-test make the kit a viable option for HIV self-testing in the DRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Muwonga Masidi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,National AIDS and STIs Reference Laboratory, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,National AIDS and STIs Control Programme, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Gaetan Nsiku Dikumbwa
- National AIDS and STIs Control Programme, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université of Paris, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mboumba Bouassa RS, Péré H, Tonen-Wolyec S, Longo JDD, Moussa S, Mbopi-Keou FX, Mossoro-Kpinde CD, Grésenguet G, Veyer D, Bélec L. Unexpected high frequency of unspecific reactivities by testing pre-epidemic blood specimens from Europe and Africa with SARS-CoV-2 IgG-IgM antibody rapid tests points to IgM as the Achilles heel. J Med Virol 2020; 93:2196-2203. [PMID: 33107601 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the rates of false-positive test results of three rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM detection. Two serum panels from patients hospitalized in Paris, France, and from patients living in Bangui, Central African Republic, acquired before the 2019 COVID-19 outbreak, were tested by 3 CE IVD-labeled RDTs for SARS-CoV-2 serology (BIOSYNEX® COVID-19 BSS [IgG/IgM]; SIENNA™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette; NG-Test® IgG-IgM COVID-19). Detectable IgG or IgM reactivities could be observed in 31 (3.43%) of the 902 IgG and IgM bands of the 3 RDTs used with all pre-epidemic sera. The frequencies of IgG/IgM reactivities were similar for European (3.20%) and African (3.55%) sera. IgM reactivities were observed in 9 European and 14 African sera, while IgG reactivity was observed in only 1 African serum (15.1% vs. 0.66%). The test NG-Test® IgG-IgM COVID-19 showed the highest rates of IgG or IgM reactivities (6.12% [18/294]), while the test BIOSYNEX® COVID-19 BSS (IgG/IgM) showed the lowest rate (1.36% [4/294]). Some combinations of 2 RDTs in series allowed decreasing significantly the risk of false-positive test results. Our observations point to the risk of false-positive reactivities when using currently available RDT for SARS-CoV-2 serological screening, especially for the IgM band, even if the test is CE IVD-labeled and approved by national health authorities, and provide the rational basis for confirmatory testing by another RDT in case of positive initial screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Paris, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean De Dieu Longo
- Centre National des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et du SIDA of Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Sandrine Moussa
- Institut Pasteur de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Francois-Xavier Mbopi-Keou
- The University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaounde, Cameroon.,UNAIDS Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee (STAC) and The Board of Health Innovation Exchange, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Diamant Mossoro-Kpinde
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Laboratoire National de Biologie Clinique et de Santé Publique, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Gérard Grésenguet
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Bangui, Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U970, PARCC, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Kayembe Tshilumba C, Batina-Agasa S, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Hayette MP, Belec L. Comparison of practicability and effectiveness between unassisted HIV self-testing and directly assisted HIV self-testing in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: a randomized feasibility trial. BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:830. [PMID: 33176700 PMCID: PMC7656730 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) can be performed using directly assisted and unassisted approaches in facilities or communities to reach different populations. The aim of this study was to compare the practicability and effectiveness of the two delivery approaches for HIVST, unassisted HIVST (UH) and directly assisted HIVST (DAH), in the field setting of Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods A randomized (1:1), non-blinded, non-inferiority trial using a blood-based and facility-based HIVST method was carried out in four facilities in Kisangani, the DRC, targeting populations at high risk for HIV infection. The primary outcome was the difference in the practicability of the HIV self-test between the two arms. Practicability was defined as successfully performing the test and correctly interpreting the result. Requests for assistance, positivity rate, linkage to care, and willingness to buy an HIV self-test kit constituted the secondary outcomes for HIVST effectiveness. The adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) were calculated using Poisson regression. Results The rate of successfully performing the test was same (93.2%) in the UH and DAH arms. The rate of correctly interpreting the results was 86.9% in the UH arm versus 93.2% in the DAH arm, for a difference of − 6.3%. After the follow-up 72 h later, participants in the UH arm had a significantly lower chance of correctly interpreting the test results than those in the DAH arm (aRR: 0.60; P = 0.019). Although the positivity rate was 3.4% among the participants in the DAH arm and 1.7% among those in the UH arm, no significant differences were found between the two arms in the positivity rate, requests for assistance, and linkage to care. Willingness to buy an HIV self-test was higher in the UH arm than in the DAH arm (92.3% versus 74.1%; aRR: 4.20; P < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study indicate that UH is as practicable and effective as DAH among individuals at high risk for HIV infection in Kisangani, the DRC. However, additional support tools need to be assessed to improve the interpretation of the self-test results when using the UH approach. Trial registration PACTR201904546865585. Registered 03 April 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=6032
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty de Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratory of virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and University of Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Dupont R, Batina-Agasa S, Hayette MP, Bélec L. Capillary whole-blood IgG-IgM COVID-19 self-test as a serological screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection adapted to the general public. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240779. [PMID: 33057446 PMCID: PMC7561138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The practicability of a prototype capillary whole-blood IgG-IgM COVID-19 self-test (Exacto® COVID-19 self-test, Biosynex Swiss SA, Freiburg, Switzerland) as a serological screening tool for SARS-CoV-2 infection adapted to the general public was evaluated in a cross-sectional, general adult population study performed between April and May 2020 in Strasbourg, France, consisting of face-to-face, paper-based, semi-structured, and self-administrated questionnaires. Practicability was defined as the correct use of the self-test and the correct interpretation of the result. The correct use of self-test was conditioned by the presence of the control band after 15-min of migration. The correct interpretation of the tests was defined by the percent agreement between the tests results read and interpret by the participants compared to the expected results coded by the numbers and verified by trained observers. A total of 167 participants (52.7% female; median age, 35.8 years; 82% with post-graduate level) were enrolled, including 83 and 84 for usability and test results interpretation substudies, respectively. All participants (100%; 95% CI: 95.6-100) correctly used the self-test. However, 12 (14.5%; 95% CI: 8.5-23.6) asked for verbal help. The percent agreement between the tests results read and interpret by the participants compared to the expected results was 98.5% (95% CI: 96.5-99.4). However, misinterpretation occurred in only 2.3% of positive and 1.2% of invalid test results. Finally, all (100%) participants found that performing the COVID-19 self-test was easy; and 98.8% found the interpretation of the self-test results easy. Taken together, these pilot observations demonstrated for the first-time, high practicability and satisfaction of COVID-19 self-testing for serological IgG and IgM immune status, indicating its potential for use by the general public to complete the arsenal of available SARS-CoV-2 serological assays in the urgent context of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Marie-Pierre Hayette
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tepungipame AT, Tonen-Wolyec S, Kalla GC, Longembe EB, Atike RO, Likwela JL, Mbopi-Kéou FX, Bélec L, Batina-Agasa S. Predictors of AIDS-related death among adult HIV-infected inpatients in Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:144. [PMID: 33425177 PMCID: PMC7757268 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.144.25802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection continues to be a major public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa. We aimed to evaluate potential factors associated with AIDS-related death among adult HIV-infected inpatients in Kisangani, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods this is a hospital-based retrospective, observational analysis carried out between 1st January 2019 and 31st March 2020 among inpatients HIV, at 12 facilities integrating the HIV prevention and care packages in Kisangani. Factors associated with AIDS-related death were analyzed using the logistic regression models. Results a total of 347 HIV-infected inpatients were included. Among those, the rate of AIDS-related death was 25.1% (95% CI: 20.8-29.9). The rates of AIDS-related death were lower among patients with a university education (aOR: 0.03 [95% CI: 0.00-1.0]) and higher among patients in WHO clinical stage 4 (aOR: 15.4 [6.8-27.8]), patients with poor highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) observance (aOR: 14.5 [2.3-40.4), and patients suffering from opportunistic infections (aOR: 9.3 [95% CI: 3.4-25.1]), including cryptococcal meningitis (aOR: 27 [95% CI: 6.0-125.7]) and viral infections associated with zona and Kaposi sarcoma (aOR: 4.8 [95% CI: 2.2-10.4]). Conclusion in our retrospective study on a large sample of inpatients hospitalized in Kisangani, classic causes of death were found. The association with the low level of education suggests that the economic level of the patients who die is a determining factor, difficult to correct. The identification of a limited number of other factors will allow a better medical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alliance Tagoto Tepungipame
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,National AIDS and STIs Control Programme, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Ecole Doctorale Régionale d´Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Ginette Claude Kalla
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Eugeune Basandja Longembe
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Rachel Olonga Atike
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Joris Losimba Likwela
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Francois-Xavier Mbopi-Kéou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and University of Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Sarassoro A, Muwonga Masidi J, Twite Banza E, Nsiku Dikumbwa G, Maseke Matondo DM, Kilundu A, Kamanga Lukusa L, Batina-Agasa S, Bélec L. Field evaluation of capillary blood and oral-fluid HIV self-tests in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239607. [PMID: 33017442 PMCID: PMC7535027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV self-testing (HIVST) is an additional approach to increasing uptake of HIV testing services. The practicability and accuracy of and the preference for the capillary blood self-test (Exacto Test HIV) versus the oral fluid self-test (OraQuick HIV self-test) were compared among untrained individuals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study (2019) used face-to-face, tablet-based, structured questionnaires in a facility-based HIVST approach. Volunteers from the general public who were at high risk of HIV infection, who were between 18 and 49 years of age, and who had signed an informed consent form were eligible for the study. The successful performance and correct interpretation of the self-test results were the main outcomes of the practicability evaluation. The successful performance of the HIV self-test was conditioned by the presence of the control band. The sensitivity and specificity of the participant-interpreted results compared to the laboratory results were estimated for accuracy. Preference for either type of self-test was assessed. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors associated with participants’ preference. Results A total of 528 participants were included in this survey. The rate of successful performance of the HIV self-tests was high, with the blood test (99.6%) and the oral-fluid test (99.4%) yielding an absolute difference of 0.2% (95% CI: -1.8 to 1.1; P = 0.568). The rate of correct interpretation of the HIV self-test results was 84.4% with the blood test versus 83.8% with the oral-fluid test (difference = 0.6; 95% CI: -0.2 to 1.7; P = 0.425). Misinterpretation (25.4% for the blood test and 25.6% for the oral-fluid test) and inability to interpret (20.4% for the blood test and 21.1% for the oral-fluid test) test results were significantly more prevalent with invalid tests. The Exacto Test HIV self-test and the OraQuick HIV self-test showed 100% and 99.2% sensitivity, and 98.9% and 98.1% specificity, respectively. Preference for oral-fluid-based HIVST was greater than that for blood-based HIVST (85.6% versus 78.6%; P = 0.008). Preference for the blood test was greater among participants with a university education (86.1%; aOR = 2.4 [95% CI: 1.1 to 4.9]; P = 0.016), a higher risk of HIV infection (88.1%; aOR = 2.3 [95% CI: 1.0 to 5.3]; P = 0.047), and knowledge about the existence of HIVST (89.3%; aOR = 2.2 [95% CI: 1.0 to 5.0]; P = 0.05). Conclusion Our field observations demonstrate that blood-based and oral-fluid-based HIVST are both practicable approaches with a high and comparable rate of accuracy in the study setting. Although preference for the oral-fluid test was generally greater, preference for the blood test was greater among participants with a university education, a high risk of HIV infection, and knowledge about the existence of HIVST. Both approaches seem complementary in the sense that users can choose the type of self-test that best suits them for a similar result. Taken together, our observations support the use of the two HIV self-test kits in the DRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty de Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Jérémie Muwonga Masidi
- Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- National AIDS and STI Reference Laboratory, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
- National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Elie Twite Banza
- National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Gaëtan Nsiku Dikumbwa
- National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | - Apolinaire Kilundu
- National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Luc Kamanga Lukusa
- National AIDS and STI Control Program, Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, The Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
- University de Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Koyalta D, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Filali M, Batina-Agasa S, Bélec L. HIV self-testing in adolescents living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Med Mal Infect 2020; 50:648-651. [PMID: 32798610 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Less than 20% of African adolescents aged 10-19 years are aware of their HIV status, whereas HIV screening remains the gateway to care and while AIDS has become the leading cause of death among adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa. According to the UNAIDS target, scalable HIV testing strategies specific to various age groups, populations, and geographical areas must be implemented to end the AIDS epidemic by 2030. Many African countries have implemented policies supporting HIV self-testing (HIVST). Evidence of practicability and efficiency of HIVST in Sub-Saharan Africa settings has been reported, including HIVST data among adolescents. Adapted strategies of HIVST are urgently needed to promote HIV testing among adolescents living in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Tonen-Wolyec
- École Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Université de Kisangani, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo.
| | - D Koyalta
- Onusida, et Université de N'Djamena, N'Djamena, Tchad
| | - R-S Mboumba Bouassa
- École Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, et Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - S Batina-Agasa
- Université de Kisangani, Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | - L Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, et Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Marini Djang'eing'a R, Kambale-Kombi P, Tshilumba CK, Bélec L, Batina-Agasa S. Vulnerability of sickle cell disease persons to the COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:280-282. [PMID: 32657260 DOI: 10.1080/16078454.2020.1790842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Roland Marini Djang'eing'a
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paul Kambale-Kombi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Batina-Agasa S, Tepungipame AT, Tshilumba CK, Bélec L. Sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents preferring home-based HIV self-testing over facility-based voluntary counseling and testing: a cross-sectional study in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Int J STD AIDS 2020; 31:481-487. [PMID: 32131704 DOI: 10.1177/0956462419898616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HIV self-testing (HIVST) offers an alternative to facility-based voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) services, particularly for vulnerable populations such as adolescents. This study aimed to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with adolescents preferring home-based HIVST over facility-based VCT in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. A representative cross-sectional study using random sampling in clusters at three levels was conducted among adolescents (aged 15–19 years) to assess their hypothetical preference in home-based HIVST over facility-based VCT by a face-to-face, paper-based, semi-structured questionnaire, and logistic regression for statistical analysis. In 353 households, 754 adolescents were assessed for eligibility, of whom 628 were eligible. A total of 597 adolescents completed the study questionnaire. A majority of participants were aged 18–19 and of female gender. More than two-thirds of participants had never been tested for HIV and had no knowledge about HIVST before this survey. Among 597 adolescents who had completed the study questionnaire, a slight majority of participants (323/597; 54.1% [95% CI: 50.0–58.0]) preferred home-based HIVST over facility-based VCT. In a multivariate analysis, male gender (adjusted OR: 1.5, 95% CI: 1.1–2.1), marriage or partnered civil status (adjusted OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1), and previous knowledge about HIVST (adjusted OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.6–6.8) were associated with preference for home-based HIVST over facility-based VCT. This study demonstrates that more adolescents preferred home-based HIVST over facility-based VCT in Kisangani. These observations suggest the existence of a specific sociodemographic profile associated with the acceptance of HIVST in adolescents living in sub-Saharan Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Alliance Tagoto Tepungipame
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Programme National de lutte Contre le VIH/SIDA et les IST, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Faculté de Médecine et Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Mbopi-Kéou FX, Koyalta D, Filali M, Batina-Agasa S, Bélec L. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Self-Testing in Adolescents Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Advocacy. Niger Med J 2019; 60:165-168. [PMID: 31831933 PMCID: PMC6892330 DOI: 10.4103/nmj.nmj_75_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has become the leading cause of death among adolescents (aged 10-19) in sub-Saharan Africa. Less than 20% of African adolescents know their human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, whereas HIV testing remains the gateway to care. To end the AIDS epidemic by 2030 according to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS target, it is necessary to introduce scalable HIV testing strategies specific to different settings such as age groups, populations, and geographical areas. Demonstrated evidence on HIV self-testing (HIVST) in sub-Saharan Africa settings is reported, including data among adolescents. The All In initiative, which is the current international platform for the fight against HIV in adolescents is a good opportunity to address the challenge of HIV testing, including HIVST. Adapted strategies of HIVST such as (i) implementation of several listening and recreation centers for adolescents, (ii) door-to-door HIVST approach, and (iii) reducing the age of consent is urgently needed to promote HIV testing among adolescents living in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François-Xavier Mbopi-Kéou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde I.,The Institute for the Development of Africa, Yaounde
| | | | | | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Compain F, Nodjikouambaye ZA, Sadjoli D, Moussa AM, Adawaye C, Bouassa RSM, Koyalta D, Tonen-Wolyec S, Péré H, Podglajen I, Bélec L. Low Prevalence of Common Sexually Transmitted Infections Contrasting with High Prevalence of Mycoplasma Asymptomatic Genital Carriage: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Survey in Adult Women Living in N’Djamena, Chad. Open Microbiol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874285801913010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
We herein report a cross-sectional study which consecutively enrolled adult women from the community living in N'Djamena, Chad. The aim of the study was to estimate the burden of asymptomatic genital carriage of common curable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis) and genital Mycoplasma spp., as well as to assess their possible associated risk factors.
Methods:
A total of 251 women were consecutively included and screened for common curable STIs as well as for genital mycoplasma carriage by multiplex real-time PCR.
Results:
Only seven (2.8%) women were found to be infected with at least one common STI by multiplex real-time PCR: C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, M. genitalium and T. vaginalis were recovered from 3 (1.2%), 1 (0.4%), 4 (1.6%) and 1 (0.4%) women, respectively. No sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics could be associated in multivariate analysis with the genital carriage of the four detected common curable STIs. In contrast, the prevalence of genital mycoplasmas was much higher (54.2%) with a predominance of Ureaplasma parvum (42.6% of the total population).
Conclusion:
Our study shows a low prevalence of common STIs in contrast with a high prevalence of mycoplasmas among asymptomatic adult women recruited on a community basis in Chad. These observations highlight the need for etiologic management of STIs relying on PCR-based techniques rather than a syndromic approach in resource-limited countries.
Collapse
|
28
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Batina-Agasa S, Muwonga J, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Kayembe Tshilumba C, Bélec L. Acceptability, feasibility, and individual preferences of blood-based HIV self-testing in a population-based sample of adolescents in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218795. [PMID: 31260480 PMCID: PMC6602204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescents living in sub-Saharan Africa constitute a vulnerable population at significant risk of HIV infection. This study aims to evaluate the acceptability, feasibility, and accuracy of home-based, supervised HIV self-testing (HIVST) as well as their predictors among adolescents living in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Methods A cross-sectional, door-to-door survey using a blood-based HIV self-test and a peer-based supervised HIVST approach was conducted from July to August 2018 in Kisangani, DRC. The acceptability and feasibility of HIVST were assessed among adolescents’ consenting to use and interpret HIV self-test. The accuracy of HIVST was estimated by the sensibility and specificity of adolescent-interpreted HIV self-test. Factors associated with acceptability and feasibility of HIVST were analyzed with logistic regression. Results A total of 628 adolescents (including 369 [58.8%] females) aged between 15 and 19 years were enrolled. Acceptability of HIVST was high (95.1%); 96.1% of participants correctly used the self-test, and 65.2% asked for verbal instructions. The majority of adolescents (93.5%) correctly interpreted their self-test results. The Cohen’s κ coefficient between the results read by adolescents and by supervisors was 0.62. The correct interpretation decreased significantly when adolescents had no formal education or attended primary school as compared to those currently attending university (37.0% versus 100%; adjusted OR: 0.01 [95% CI: 0.004–0.03]). In the hands of adolescents at home, the sensitivity of the Exacto Test HIV Self-test was estimated at 100%, while its specificity was 96.0%. The majority of participants (68.0%) affirmed that post-test counseling was essential, and that face-to-face counseling (78.9%) was greatly preferred. Conclusions Home-based, supervised HIVST using a blood-based self-test and peer-based approach can be used with a high degree of acceptability and feasibility by adolescents living in Kisangani, DRC. Misinterpretation of test results is challenging to obtaining good feasibility of HIVST among adolescents with poor educational level. Face-to-face post-test counseling seems to be preferred among Kisangani’s adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jérémie Muwonga
- Laboratoire National de Référence du Sida et des IST, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Programme National de lutte Contre le VIH/SIDA et les IST, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Charles Kayembe Tshilumba
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Mbopi-Kéou FX, Batina-Agasa S, Kalla GCM, Noubom M, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Longo JDD, Muwonga J, Bélec L. Acceptability of HIV self-testing in African students: a cross-sectional survey in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 33:83. [PMID: 31448045 PMCID: PMC6689849 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.83.18586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The empowerment of young people aged 15-24 years is a key component of an effective AIDS response. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is progressively being implemented in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods Socio-demographic and behavioural factors associated with acceptability of HIVST were evaluated among university students in Bunia, DRC. A representative cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire. Results A total of 1,012 students were recruited. Acceptability of unsupervised HIVST was higher in the group of young students as compared with older students and was markedly associated with prior knowledge on HIVST. Conclusion Adapted communication about HIVST appears likely essential to increase the supply and use of HIVST among students in DRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Francois-Xavier Mbopi-Kéou
- University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ginette Claude Mireille Kalla
- University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Michel Noubom
- The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon.,University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon.,Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean De Dieu Longo
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et de la Thérapie Antirétrovirale, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et le SIDA, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Jérémie Muwonga
- National AIDS and STI Control Program's Reference Laboratory, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of Virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou and University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mboumba Bouassa RS, Nodjikouambaye ZA, Sadjoli D, Adawaye C, Péré H, Veyer D, Matta M, Robin L, Tonen-Wolyec S, Moussa AM, Koyalta D, Belec L. High prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus infection mostly covered by Gardasil-9 prophylactic vaccine in adult women living in N'Djamena, Chad. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217486. [PMID: 31158254 PMCID: PMC6546217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We conducted in 2018 a descriptive, quantitative, population-based, cross-sectional survey estimating the prevalence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and associated risk factors among adult women living in N’Djamena, Chad. Methods Five of the 10 districts of N’Djamena were randomly selected for inclusion. Peer educators contacted adult women in community-churches or women association networks to participate in the survey and come to the clinic for women’s sexual health “La Renaissance Plus”, N’Djamena. Medical, socio-demographical and behavioral informations were collected. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped in endocervical swab using Anyplex II HPV28 genotyping test (Seegene, Seoul, South Korea). Results 253 women (mean age, 35.0 years; range, 25–65) including 3.5% of HIV-positive women were prospectively enrolled. The prevalence of HPV infection was 22.9%, including 68.9% of HR-HPV infection and 27.6% being infected with multiple genotypes, providing a total HR-HPV prevalence of 15.8% (95% CI%: 11.3–20.3). The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV-58, HPV-35, HPV-56, HPV-31, HPV-16, HPV-45, HPV-52 and HPV-18. HPV types targeted by the prophylactic Gardasil-9 vaccine were detected in nearly 70% (67.5%) and HPV-58 was the most frequently detected. HIV infection was a risk factor strongly associated with cervical infection with any HPV [adjusted Odds ratio (aOR): 17.4], multiple types of HPV (aOR: 8.9), HR-HPV (aOR: 13.2) and cervical infection with multiple HR-HPV (aOR: 8.4). Conclusion These observations highlight the unsuspected high burden of cervical HR-HPV infection in Chadian women, and point the potential risk of further development of HPV-associated cervical precancerous and neoplastic lesions in a large proportion of women in Chad. The high rate of preventable Gardasil-9 vaccine genotypes constitutes the rationale for introducing primary vaccine prevention against cervical cancer in young female adolescents living in Chad.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Infectiologie Tropicale de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Zita Aleyo Nodjikouambaye
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Infectiologie Tropicale de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, N’Djamena, Chad
- Cabinet Médical de Gynécologie Obstétrique “La Renaissance Plus,” N’Djamena, Chad
- * E-mail:
| | - Damtheou Sadjoli
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Hôpital de la Mère et de l’Enfant, N’Djamena, Chad
- Cabinet Médical de Gynécologie Obstétrique “La Renaissance Plus,” N’Djamena, Chad
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
| | - Chatté Adawaye
- Institut National Supérieur des Sciences et Techniques d’Abéché, Abéché, Chad
| | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - David Veyer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Matta
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Leman Robin
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Infectiologie Tropicale de Franceville, Franceville, Gabon
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Ali Mahamat Moussa
- Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Humaine, Université de N’Djamena, N’Djamena, Chad
- Service de Gastro-entérologie, Hôpital Général de Référence Nationale, N’Djamena, Chad
| | | | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes (Paris V), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Batina-Agasa S, Longo JDD, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Bélec L. Insufficient education is a key factor of incorrect interpretation of HIV self-test results by female sex workers in Democratic Republic of the Congo: A multicenter cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14218. [PMID: 30732137 PMCID: PMC6380737 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on field interpretation of HIV self-testing among female sex workers (FSWs) and non-FSWs living in Democratic Republic of the Congo.Two hundred and eight participants [76 (36.5%) FSWs; 132 (63.5%) non-FSWs] were enrolled in Kisangani and Bunia to evaluate their ability to read and interpret the results of a prototype HIV self-test (Exacto Test HIV, Biosynex, Strasbourg, France), according to WHO recommendations. Thirteen standardized tests (6 positive, 5 negative, 2 invalid) were proposed after successive random selection.Two thousand seven hundred and four standardized tests (1248 positive, 1040 negative, 416 invalid) were interpreted; 2435 (90.1%) were correctly interpreted, whereas 269 (9.9%) were misinterpreted. In FSWs and non-FSWs, the test results were similarly correctly interpreted in 87.4% (864/988) and 91.6% (1571/1716), respectively. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, only the variable "educational level" remained strongly associated with the interpretation of positive, negative, and invalid HIV self-test results, but not the variables "commercial sex work" and "language chosen for instructions for use." Incorrect interpretation was significantly higher in participants with insufficient educational level than in those with sufficient education level for positive (13.1% vs 2.6%; adjusted OR: 4.5), negative (22.3% vs 2.6%; adjusted OR: 5.3), and invalid test results (23.8% v 6.4%; adjusted OR: 3.6).Incorrect interpretation of HIV self-test was as common in FSWs and non-FSWs. The lower was the educational level, the greater was the difficulty to interpret results correctly. These observations point that insufficient education level, rather than commercial sex work by itself, constitutes a key factor of incorrect interpretation of HIV self-test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Jean De Dieu Longo
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et de la Thérapie Antirétrovirale, Bangui
- Unité de Recherches et d’Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et le SIDA, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d’Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tonen-Wolyec S, Mboup S, Grésenguet G, Bouassa RSM, Bélec L. Insufficient education is a challenge for HIV self-testing. Lancet HIV 2019; 5:e341. [PMID: 30052505 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(18)30141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bunia, Bunia, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Epidémiologique et de Formations (IRESSEF), Pôle Urbain de Diamniadio, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Gérard Grésenguet
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et de la Thérapie Antirétrovirale, Bangui, Central African Republic; Unité de Recherches et d'Intervention sur les Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et le SIDA, Département de Santé Publique, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé de Bangui, Central African Republic
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Ecole Doctorale Régionale d'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon; Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Grésenguet G, Longo JDD, Tonen-Wolyec S, Mboumba Bouassa RS, Belec L. Acceptability and Usability Evaluation of Finger-Stick Whole Blood HIV Self-Test as An HIV Screening Tool Adapted to The General Public in The Central African Republic. Open AIDS J 2017; 11:101-118. [PMID: 29290887 PMCID: PMC5730956 DOI: 10.2174/1874613601711010101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Opportunities for HIV testing could be enhanced by offering HIV self-testing (HIVST) in populations that fear stigma and discrimination when accessing conventional HIV counselling and testing. Field experience with HIVST was poorly reported in French-speaking African countries. Objective: To investigate the usability of HIVST in Bangui, Central African Republic. Methods: The prototype self-test Exacto® Test HIV (Biosynex, Strasbourg, France) was used to assess the usability of HIVST in 300 adults living in Bangui, according to WHO technical recommendations. Simplified and easy-to-read leaflet was translated in French and Sango. Results: Preliminary survey in 3,484 adult volunteers including students, men who have sex with men and female sex workers living in Bangui showed that previous HIV testing in conventional centres for HIV counselling and testing was relatively infrequent and that acceptability of HIVST was elevated, although high heterogeneity could be observed between groups. The notice in French and Sango of Exacto® Test HIV were chosen in 242/300 (80.6%) and 58/300 (19.4%), respectively. It was correctly understood in 273/300 (91.0%). The majority (275/300; 91.6%) correctly performed the HIV self-test; however, 71/300 (23.0%) asked for oral assistance. Most of the participants (273/300; 91.0%) found that performing of the self-test was very easy or easy, and less than Most of participants (273/300; 91.0%) found that performing of the self-test was very easy or easy and less than 1.0% (2/300) found it difficult. Overall the result were correctly interpreted in 96.9% (3,782/3,900), the reading/interpretion errors concerned the positive (96/1,800;5.3%), invalid (17/600;2.8%) and negative (5/1,500; 0.3%) self-test. The Cohen's coefficient κwas 0.94. The main obstacle for HIVST was the educational level, with interpretation difficulties in poorly educated people. Conclusions: Our observations on profane adults living in Central African Republic, demonstrate: (i) the need to adapt the notice of instruction to African public, including educational pictograms as well as notice in vernacular language(s); (ii) the frequent difficulties in understanding the notice with frequent misinterpretation of test results; (iii) and the generally good usability of the HIV self-test despite these latter pitfalls. More research on exploring the best strategy (i.e. supervised versus unsupervised strategies) for different high- and low- risk populations in resource-constrained settings remains needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Grésenguet
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et de la Thérapie Antirétrovirale, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bunia and Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean de Dieu Longo
- Centre National de Référence des Maladies Sexuellement Transmissibles et de la Thérapie Antirétrovirale, Bangui, Central African Republic.,Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bunia and Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Bunia and Université de Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Ralph-Sydney Mboumba Bouassa
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Belec
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, and Faculté de Médecine Paris Descartes, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|