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Puhakka N, Das Gupta S, Leskinen S, Heiskanen M, Nättinen J, Aapola U, Uusitalo H, Pitkänen A. Proteomics of Deep Cervical Lymph Nodes After Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:359-366. [PMID: 37284699 PMCID: PMC10240307 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) damages the glymphatic-lymphatic system. We hypothesized that brain injury associated with trauma results in the enrichment of brain-relevant proteins in deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs), the end station of meningeal lymphatic vessels, and that some of these proteins will present mechanistic tissue biomarkers for TBI. Proteomes of rat DCLNs were investigated in the left DCLN (ipsilateral to injury) and right DCLN at 6.5 months after severe TBI induced by lateral fluid percussion injury or after sham operation. DCLN proteomes were identified using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra. Group comparisons, together with functional protein annotation analyses, were used to identify regulated protein candidates for further validation and pathway analyses. Validation of a selected candidate was assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis comparing post-TBI animals with sham-operated controls revealed 25 upregulated and 16 downregulated proteins in the ipsilateral DCLN and 20 upregulated and 28 downregulated proteins in the contralateral DCLN of post-TBI animals. Protein class and function analyses highlighted the dysregulation of enzymes and binding proteins. Pathway analysis indicated an increase in autophagy. Biomarker analysis suggested that a subgroup of post-TBI animals had an increase in zonula occludens-1 coexpressed with proteins linked to molecular transport and amyloid precursor protein. We propose here that, after TBI, a subgroup of animals exhibit dysregulation of the TBI-relevant protein interactome in DCLNs, and that DCLNs might thus serve as an interesting biomarker source in future studies aiming to elucidate pathological brain functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sara Leskinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janika Nättinen
- Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Eye and Vision Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Tays Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Heiskanen M, Das Gupta S, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Manninen E, Ciszek R, Andrade P, Puhakka N, Aronica E, Pitkänen A. Discovery and Validation of Circulating microRNAs as Biomarkers for Epileptogenesis after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury-The EPITARGET Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032823. [PMID: 36769143 PMCID: PMC9918096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes 10-20% of structural epilepsies and 5% of all epilepsies. The lack of prognostic biomarkers for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) is a major obstacle to the development of anti-epileptogenic treatments. Previous studies revealed TBI-induced alterations in blood microRNA (miRNA) levels, and patients with epilepsy exhibit dysregulation of blood miRNAs. We hypothesized that acutely altered plasma miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for brain damage severity and the development of PTE. To investigate this, epileptogenesis was induced in adult male Sprague Dawley rats by lateral fluid-percussion-induced TBI. Epilepsy was defined as the occurrence of at least one unprovoked seizure during continuous 1-month video-electroencephalography monitoring in the sixth post-TBI month. Cortical pathology was analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging on day 2 (D2), D7, and D21, and by histology 6 months post-TBI. Small RNA sequencing was performed from tail-vein plasma samples on D2 and D9 after TBI (n = 16, 7 with and 9 without epilepsy) or sham operation (n = 4). The most promising miRNA biomarker candidates were validated by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction in a validation cohort of 115 rats (8 naïve, 17 sham, and 90 TBI rats [21 with epilepsy]). These included 7 brain-enriched plasma miRNAs (miR-434-3p, miR-9a-3p, miR-136-3p, miR-323-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-212-3p, and miR-132-3p) that were upregulated on D2 post-TBI (p < 0.001 for all compared with naïve rats). The acute post-TBI plasma miRNA profile did not predict the subsequent development of PTE or PTE severity. Plasma miRNA levels, however, predicted the cortical pathology severity on D2 (Spearman ρ = 0.345-0.582, p < 0.001), D9 (ρ = 0.287-0.522, p < 0.001-0.01), D21 (ρ = 0.269-0.581, p < 0.001-0.05) and at 6 months post-TBI (ρ = 0.230-0.433, p < 0.001-0.05). We found that the levels of 6 of 7 miRNAs also reflected mild brain injury caused by the craniotomy during sham operation (ROC AUC 0.76-0.96, p < 0.001-0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that increased levels of neuronally enriched miRNAs in the blood circulation after TBI reflect the extent of cortical injury in the brain but do not predict PTE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Buckinghamshire SL9 0RJ, UK
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, 2103 SW Heemstede, The Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Heiskanen M, Jääskeläinen O, Manninen E, Das Gupta S, Andrade P, Ciszek R, Gröhn O, Herukka SK, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain (NF-L) Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Cortical Damage Evolution but Not for Cognitive Impairment or Epileptogenesis Following Experimental TBI. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315208. [PMID: 36499527 PMCID: PMC9736117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels were assessed as a diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI) and as a prognostic biomarker for somatomotor recovery, cognitive decline, and epileptogenesis. Rats with severe TBI induced by lateral fluid-percussion injury (n = 26, 13 with and 13 without epilepsy) or sham-operation (n = 8) were studied. During a 6-month follow-up, rats underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (day (D) 2, D7, and D21), composite neuroscore (D2, D6, and D14), Morris-water maze (D35−D39), and a 1-month-long video-electroencephalogram to detect unprovoked seizures during the 6th month. Plasma NF-L levels were assessed using a single-molecule assay at baseline (i.e., naïve animals) and on D2, D9, and D178 after TBI or a sham operation. Plasma NF-L levels were 483-fold higher on D2 (5072.0 ± 2007.0 pg/mL), 89-fold higher on D9 (930.3 ± 306.4 pg/mL), and 3-fold higher on D176 32.2 ± 8.9 pg/mL after TBI compared with baseline (10.5 ± 2.6 pg/mL; all p < 0.001). Plasma NF-L levels distinguished TBI rats from naïve animals at all time-points examined (area under the curve [AUC] 1.0, p < 0.001), and from sham-operated controls on D2 (AUC 1.0, p < 0.001). Plasma NF-L increases on D2 were associated with somatomotor impairment severity (ρ = −0.480, p < 0.05) and the cortical lesion extent in MRI (ρ = 0.401, p < 0.05). Plasma NF-L increases on D2 or D9 were associated with the cortical lesion extent in histologic sections at 6 months post-injury (ρ = 0.437 for D2; ρ = 0.393 for D9, p < 0.05). Plasma NF-L levels, however, did not predict somatomotor recovery, cognitive decline, or epileptogenesis (p > 0.05). Plasma NF-L levels represent a promising noninvasive translational diagnostic biomarker for acute TBI and a prognostic biomarker for post-injury somatomotor impairment and long-term structural brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eppu Manninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Gröhn
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sanna-Kaisa Herukka
- Institute of Clinical Medicine/Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 1777, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence:
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Howladeer SS, Gupta SD, Momen A, Rahman MH, Biswas PK, Sarkar SR, Rahman KS, Chanda PK, Ahmed F. Early Impact of Cardiopulmonary Bypass on Renal Function after Valve Replacement Surgery. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:711-718. [PMID: 35780355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Renal dysfunction following cardiopulmonary bypass is well recognized. The pathophysiology of renal injury is multifactorial and culmination of the interplay of several pathophysiological mechanism. Cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is being carried out on an extended patient population of different age groups and undergoing complex surgical procedure, and thus it places them at an increased risk of renal impairment. Valve replacement surgery is a major and complex surgical procedure requiring CPB. This study was therefore designed to observe the impact of CPB and short term outcome on patients with reduced estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) after valve replacement surgery. This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, National Institute of Cardio Vascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period of January 2015 to August 2016. After fulfillment of enrollment criteria 100 patients were studied for the purpose of the study and they were grouped in two, patients with normal eGFR (≥90ml/min/1.73m²) in Group A and patients with reduced eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) in Group B. A total of 100 patients, 50 in each group were studied for renal function alteration after valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. The incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) was higher in Group B. Chi-square test was done and p value was 0.011 which is statistically significant. Postoperative blood loss (ml/hr) (p=0.038), duration of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay (in hours) (p=0.009), postoperative hospital stay (days) (p=0.014) was significantly higher and postoperative Urine Output (ml/hr) (p=0.001) was significantly lower in patients with reduced eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) in Group B. Deterioration of renal function is more in patient with eGFR (60-89ml/min/1.73m²) after valve replacement surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass in comparison with patients with eGFR (≥90ml/min/1.73m²).
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Howladeer
- Dr Siddhartha Shankar Howlader, Senior Specialist, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Evercare Hospital Chattogram, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Majumdar P, Gupta SD, Mangal DK, Sharma N, Kalbarczyk A. Understanding the role of power and its relationship to the implementation of the polio eradication initiative in india. Front Health Serv 2022; 2:896508. [PMID: 36925767 PMCID: PMC10012611 DOI: 10.3389/frhs.2022.896508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Power is exercised everywhere in global health, although its presence may be more apparent in some instances than others. Studying power is thus a core concern of researchers and practitioners working in health policy and systems research (HPSR), an interdisciplinary, problem-driven field focused on understanding and strengthening multilevel systems and policies. This paper aims to conduct a power analysis as mobilized by the actors involved in implementation of the polio program. It will also reflect how different power categories are exerted by actors and embedded in strategies to combat program implementation challenges while planning and executing the Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Methods We collected quantitative and qualitative data from stakeholders who were part of the Polio universe as a part of Synthesis and Translation of Research and Innovations from the Polio Eradication Project. Key informants were main actors of the polio eradication program, both at the national and sub-national levels. Research tools were designed to explore the challenges, strategies and unintended consequences in implementing the polio eradication program in India. We utilized Moon's expanded typology of power in global governance to analyze the implementation of the polio eradication programme in India. Results We collected 517 survey responses and conducted 25 key informant interviews. Understanding power is increasingly recognized as an essential parameter to understand global governance and health. Stakeholders involved during polio program implementation have exerted different kinds of power from structural to discursive, moral power wielded by religious leaders to institutional power, expert power used by professional doctors to commoners like female vaccinators, and network power exercised by community influencers. Hidden power was also demonstrated by powerless actors like children bringing mothers to polio booths. Conclusion Power is not a finite resource, and it can be used, shared, or created by stakeholders and networks in multiple ways. Those people who seem to be powerless possess invisible power that can influence decision making. Moreover, these power categories are not mutually exclusive and may be deeply interconnected with each other; one type of power can be transformed into another. Power and relations play an important role in influencing the decision-making of the community and individuals. Mid-range theories of core implementation science like PARIHAS and CFIR can also add an important variable of power in their construct necessary for implementation success of any health program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyusha Majumdar
- SD Gupta School of Public Health, IIHMR University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S D Gupta
- Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - D K Mangal
- IIHMR University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neeraj Sharma
- SD Gupta School of Public Health, IIHMR University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anna Kalbarczyk
- International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Kyyriäinen J, Kajevu N, Bañuelos I, Lara L, Lipponen A, Balosso S, Hämäläinen E, Das Gupta S, Puhakka N, Natunen T, Ravizza T, Vezzani A, Hiltunen M, Pitkänen A. Targeting Oxidative Stress with Antioxidant Duotherapy after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10555. [PMID: 34638900 PMCID: PMC8508668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of antioxidant therapy using the Food and Drug Administration-approved respiratory drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or sulforaphane (SFN) as monotherapies or duotherapy in vitro in neuron-BV2 microglial co-cultures and validated the results in a lateral fluid-percussion model of TBI in rats. As in vitro measures, we assessed neuronal viability by microtubule-associated-protein 2 immunostaining, neuroinflammation by monitoring tumor necrosis factor (TNF) levels, and neurotoxicity by measuring nitrite levels. In vitro, duotherapy with NAC and SFN reduced nitrite levels to 40% (p < 0.001) and neuroinflammation to -29% (p < 0.001) compared with untreated culture. The treatment also improved neuronal viability up to 72% of that in a positive control (p < 0.001). The effect of NAC was negligible, however, compared with SFN. In vivo, antioxidant duotherapy slightly improved performance in the beam walking test. Interestingly, duotherapy treatment decreased the plasma interleukin-6 and TNF levels in sham-operated controls (p < 0.05). After TBI, no treatment effect on HMGB1 or plasma cytokine levels was detected. Also, no treatment effects on the composite neuroscore or cortical lesion area were detected. The robust favorable effect of duotherapy on neuroprotection, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in neuron-BV2 microglial co-cultures translated to modest favorable in vivo effects in a severe TBI model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Kyyriäinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Natallie Kajevu
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Ivette Bañuelos
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Leonardo Lara
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Silvia Balosso
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Elina Hämäläinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
| | - Teemu Natunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Teresa Ravizza
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research IRCCS, 20156 Milano, Italy; (S.B.); (T.R.); (A.V.)
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (T.N.); (M.H.)
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland; (J.K.); (N.K.); (I.B.); (L.L.); (A.L.); (E.H.); (S.D.G.); (N.P.)
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Neel AH, Closser S, Villanueva C, Majumdar P, Gupta SD, Krugman D, Akinyemi OO, Deressa W, Kalbarczyk A, Alonge O. 30 years of polio campaigns in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria: the impacts of campaign design on vaccine hesitancy and health worker motivation. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-006002. [PMID: 34344665 PMCID: PMC8336205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The debate over the impact of vertical programmes, including mass vaccination, on health systems is long-standing and often polarised. Studies have assessed the effects of a given vertical health programme on a health system separately from the goals of the vertical programme itself. Further, these health system effects are often categorised as either positive or negative. Yet health systems are in fact complex, dynamic and tightly linked. Relationships between elements of the system determine programme and system-level outcomes over time. Methods We constructed a causal loop diagram of the interactions between mass polio vaccination campaigns and government health systems in Ethiopia, India and Nigeria, working inductively from two qualitative datasets. The first dataset was 175 interviews conducted with policymakers, officials and frontline staff in these countries in 2011–2012. The second was 101 interviews conducted with similar groups in 2019, focusing on lessons learnt from polio eradication. Results Pursuing high coverage in polio campaigns, without considering the dynamic impacts of campaigns on health systems, cost campaign coverage gains over time in weaker health systems with many campaigns. Over time, the systems effects of frequent campaigns, delivered through parallel structures, led to a loss of frontline worker motivation, and an increase in vaccine hesitancy in recipient populations. Co-delivery of interventions helped to mitigate these negative effects. In stronger health systems with fewer campaigns, these issues did not arise. Conclusion It benefits vertical programmes to reduce the construction of parallel systems and pursue co-delivery of interventions where possible, and to consider the workflow of frontline staff. Ultimately, for health campaign designs to be effective, they must make sense for those delivering and receiving campaign interventions, and must take into account the complex, adaptive nature of the health systems in which they operate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail H Neel
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Svea Closser
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Villanueva
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Piyusha Majumdar
- SDG School of Public Health, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - S D Gupta
- SDG School of Public Health, Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Daniel Krugman
- Anthropology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Wakgari Deressa
- Preventive Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anna Kalbarczyk
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Olakunle Alonge
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pitkänen A, Paananen T, Kyyriäinen J, Das Gupta S, Heiskanen M, Vuokila N, Bañuelos-Cabrera I, Lapinlampi N, Kajevu N, Andrade P, Ciszek R, Lara-Valderrábano L, Ekolle Ndode-Ekane X, Puhakka N. Biomarkers for posttraumatic epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 121:107080. [PMID: 32317161 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A biomarker is a characteristic that can be objectively measured as an indicator of normal biologic processes, pathogenic processes, or responses to an exposure or intervention, including therapeutic interventions. Biomarker modalities include molecular, histologic, radiographic, or physiologic characteristics. To improve the understanding and use of biomarker terminology in biomedical research, clinical practice, and medical product development, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Joint Leadership Council developed the BEST Resource (Biomarkers, EndpointS, and other Tools). The seven BEST biomarker categories include the following: (a) susceptibility/risk biomarkers, (b) diagnostic biomarkers, (c) monitoring biomarkers, (d) prognostic biomarkers, (e) predictive biomarkers, (f) pharmacodynamic/response biomarkers, and (g) safety biomarkers. We hypothesize some potential overlap between the reported biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI), epilepsy, and posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE). Here, we tested this hypothesis by reviewing studies focusing on biomarker discovery for posttraumatic epileptogenesis and epilepsy. The biomarker modalities reviewed here include plasma/serum and cerebrospinal fluid molecular biomarkers, imaging biomarkers, and electrophysiologic biomarkers. Most of the reported biomarkers have an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve greater than 0.800, suggesting both high sensitivity and high specificity. Our results revealed little overlap in the biomarker candidates between TBI, epilepsy, and PTE. In addition to using single parameters as biomarkers, machine learning approaches have highlighted the potential for utilizing patterns of markers as biomarkers. Although published data suggest the possibility of identifying biomarkers for PTE, we are still in the early phase of the development curve. Many of the seven biomarker categories lack PTE-related biomarkers. Thus, further exploration using proper, statistically powered, and standardized study designs with validation cohorts, and by developing and applying novel analytical methods, is needed for PTE biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asla Pitkänen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Tomi Paananen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Kyyriäinen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Vuokila
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ivette Bañuelos-Cabrera
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niina Lapinlampi
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Natallie Kajevu
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pedro Andrade
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Robert Ciszek
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leonardo Lara-Valderrábano
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Vuyyuru SK, Sahu P, Kedia S, Kante B, Kumar P, Ranjan MK, Sharma R, Makharia G, Gupta SD, Sahni P, Ahuja V. Long-term outcomes in perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease in a resource-limited setting: A cohort analysis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2020; 39:435-444. [PMID: 33040321 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-020-01054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perianal fistula is one of the most challenging complications of Crohn's disease (CD). We aimed to describe treatment response with surgical and medical therapies, and long-term complications. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed records of patients with perianal fistulizing CD who were prospectively followed from January 2005 to December 2018. RESULTS Among 807 patients, 81 (10%) had perianal fistula and 65 were included in the final analysis. The mean age of presentation was 27.4 ± 10.3 years, and 78.5% were males with a median duration of follow-up of 45 (IQR, 24-66) months. 75.4% (n = 49) had complex fistulae. 55.4% (n = 36) of patients received multiple courses (> 5 courses) of antibiotics. Complete response rates with immunomodulators, fistula surgery, biologicals, and diversion were 25%, 42.8%, 39.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The relapse rate was highest after fistula surgery (52.6%). 44.6% of patients received medical (immunomodulators-21 and biologicals-8) whereas 46.1% received surgery as the first-line therapy. The absence of perianal abscess was associated with complete fistula closure. One patient developed malignancy and 4 (6.1%) died at the end of follow-up. Among the patients (n = 28) who received biologicals, TB reactivation occurred in one patient (3.5%). CONCLUSION Medical therapy should be offered as first-line therapy, and immunomodulators can be considered when patients cannot afford biologicals. Surgery offers temporary improvement and is associated with high relapse rates. Absence of perianal abscess predicts long-term complete fistula closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudheer K Vuyyuru
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Pabitra Sahu
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Saurabh Kedia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Bhaskar Kante
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Peeyush Kumar
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Ranjan
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Govind Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - S D Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Peush Sahni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Liver Transplant, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India
| | - Vineet Ahuja
- Department of Gastroenterology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110 029, India.
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Korotkov A, Puhakka N, Gupta SD, Vuokila N, Broekaart DWM, Anink JJ, Heiskanen M, Karttunen J, van Scheppingen J, Huitinga I, Mills JD, van Vliet EA, Pitkänen A, Aronica E. Increased expression of miR142 and miR155 in glial and immune cells after traumatic brain injury may contribute to neuroinflammation via astrocyte activation. Brain Pathol 2020; 30:897-912. [PMID: 32460356 PMCID: PMC7540383 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with the pathological activation of immune-competent cells in the brain, such as astrocytes, microglia and infiltrating immune blood cells, resulting in chronic inflammation and gliosis. This may contribute to the secondary injury after TBI, thus understanding of these processes is crucial for the development of effective treatments of post-traumatic pathologies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) are small noncoding RNAs, functioning as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. The increased expression of inflammation-associated microRNAs miR155 and miR142 has been reported after TBI in rats. However, expression of these miRNAs in the human brain post-TBI is not studied and their functions are not well understood. Moreover, circulating miR155 and miR142 are candidate biomarkers. Therefore, we characterized miR142 and miR155 expression in the perilesional cortex and plasma of rats that underwent lateral fluid-percussion injury, a model for TBI and in the human perilesional cortex post-TBI. We demonstrated higher miR155 and miR142 expression in the perilesional cortex of rats 2 weeks post-TBI. In plasma, miR155 was associated with proteins and miR142 with extracellular vesicles, however their expression did not change. In the human perilesional cortex miR155 was most prominently expressed by activated astrocytes, whereas miR142 was expressed predominantly by microglia, macrophages and lymphocytes. Pro-inflammatory medium from macrophage-like cells stimulated miR155 expression in astrocytes and overexpression of miR142 in these cells further potentiated a pro-inflammatory state of activated astrocytes. We conclude that miR155 and miR142 promote brain inflammation via astrocyte activation and may be involved in the secondary brain injury after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Korotkov
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Noora Puhakka
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Niina Vuokila
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Diede W. M. Broekaart
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Jasper J. Anink
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Jenni Karttunen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Jackelien van Scheppingen
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceMeibergdreef 47Amsterdam1105 BAthe Netherlands
| | - Inge Huitinga
- Department of NeuroimmunologyNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceMeibergdreef 47Amsterdam1105 BAthe Netherlands
| | - James D. Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
| | - Erwin A. van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of AmsterdamScience Park 904Amsterdam1090 GEthe Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- Department of Neurology, A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFI‐70211Finland
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdam UMC, University of AmsterdamMeibergdreef 9Amsterdam1105 AZthe Netherlands
- Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN)Heemstedethe Netherlands
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11
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Alonge O, Neel AH, Kalbarczyk A, Peters MA, Mahendradhata Y, Sarker M, Owoaje E, Deressa W, Kayembe P, Salehi AS, Gupta SD. Synthesis and translation of research and innovations from polio eradication (STRIPE): initial findings from a global mixed methods study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1176. [PMID: 32787949 PMCID: PMC7421832 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lessons from polio eradication efforts and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) are useful for improving health service delivery and outcomes globally. The Synthesis and Translation of Research and Innovations from Polio Eradication (STRIPE) is a multi-phase project which aims to map, package and disseminate knowledge from polio eradication initiatives as academic and training programs. This paper discusses initial findings from the knowledge mapping around polio eradication activities across a multi-country context. METHODS The knowledge mapping phase (January 2018 - December 2019) encompassed four research activities (scoping review, survey, key informant interviews (KIIs), health system analyses). This paper utilized a sequential mixed method design combining data from the survey and KIIs. The survey included individuals involved in polio eradication between 1988 and 2019, and described the contexts, implementation strategies, intended and unintended outcomes of polio eradication activities across levels. KIIs were conducted among a nested sample in seven countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria) and at the global level to further explore these domains. RESULTS The survey generated 3955 unique responses, mainly sub-national actors representing experience in over 74 countries; 194 KIIs were conducted. External factors including social, political, and economic factors were the most frequently cited barriers to eradication, followed by the process of implementing activities, including program execution, planning, monitoring, and stakeholder engagement. Key informants described common strategies for addressing these barriers, e.g. generating political will, engaging communities, capacity-building in planning and measurement, and adapting delivery strategies. The polio program positively affected health systems by investing in system structures and governance, however, long-term effects have been mixed as some countries have struggled to institutionalize program assets. CONCLUSION Understanding the implementing context is critical for identifying threats and opportunities to global health programs. Common implementation strategies emerged across countries; however, these strategies were only effective where organizational and individual capacity were sufficient, and where strategies were appropriately tailored to the sociopolitical context. To maximize gains, readiness assessments at different levels should predate future global health programs and initiatives should consider system integration earlier to ensure program institutionalization and minimize system distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olakunle Alonge
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Abigail H Neel
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Anna Kalbarczyk
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael A Peters
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yodi Mahendradhata
- Universitas Gadjah Mada, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Malabika Sarker
- BRAC James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Heidelberg Global Institute of Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eme Owoaje
- University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Wakgari Deressa
- Addis Ababa University School of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Patrick Kayembe
- University of Kinshasa School of Public Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - S D Gupta
- Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, India
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12
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Das Gupta S, Ndode-Ekane XE, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction-based quantification of circulating microRNAs using small RNA concentration normalization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9012. [PMID: 32488181 PMCID: PMC7265372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) as non-invasive disease biomarkers is subject to multiple technical variabilities. This study aimed to develop an optimized protocol for miRNA quantification from rodent plasma. We hypothesized that a fixed small RNA concentration input for reverse transcription (RT) reaction will provide better miRNA quantification than a fixed RNA volume input. For this, tail-vein plasma was collected from 30 naïve, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Plasma hemolysis was measured with NanoDrop-1000 and Denovix DS-11 spectrophotometers. Plasma was then pooled, and RNA was extracted from 50-μl, 100-μl or 200-μl pool aliquots. Small RNA concentration was measured with Qubit miRNA assay. A fixed RNA volume (un-normalized) or a fixed small RNA concentration was used for RT (concentration-normalized). The method was setup with miR-23a-3p and validated with miR-103a-3p and miR-451a. Hemolysis measurements from Denovix and NanoDrop strongly correlated. Qubit revealed increased small RNA concentrations with increasing starting plasma volumes. With concentration-normalization, miRNA levels from 100-µl and 200-µl plasma volume groups mostly normalized to the level of the 50-µl in ddPCR. Our results indicate that miRNA quantification with ddPCR should be performed with small RNA concentration-normalization to minimize variations in eluted RNA concentrations occuring during RNA extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xavier Ekolle Ndode-Ekane
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Vuokila N, Das Gupta S, Huusko R, Tohka J, Puhakka N, Pitkänen A. Elevated Acute Plasma miR-124-3p Level Relates to Evolution of Larger Cortical Lesion Area after Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2020; 433:21-35. [PMID: 32142864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms initiated by traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to the development of progressive secondary injury are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a proposed role in orchestrating the post-injury aftermath as a single miRNA can control the expression of several genes. We hypothesized that the post-injury level of circulating brain-enriched miR-124-3p explains the extent of post-TBI cortical lesion. Three separate cohorts of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (total n = 57) were injured with lateral fluid-percussion-induced TBI. The miR-124-3p levels were measured in whole blood and/or plasma in cohorts 1 and 2 before TBI as well as at 2 d, 7 d, 2 months or 3 months post-TBI. The third cohort (22/57) was imaged with T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 2 months post-TBI to quantify cortical lesion area and perilesional T2-enhancement volume. Our data shows that miR-124-3p levels were elevated at 2 d post-TBI in both blood (FC 4.63, p < 0.01) and plasma (FC 1.39, p < 0.05) as compared to controls. Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis indicated that plasma miR-124-3p level of 34 copies/µl or higher differentiated TBI animals from controls [area under curve (AUC) 0.815, p < 0.05]. The data was validated in the third cohort (FC 1.68, p < 0.05). T2-weighted MRI revealed inter-animal differences in cortical lesion area. Linear regression analysis revealed that higher the plasma miR-124-3p level at 2 d post-TBI, larger the lesion area at chronic time point (R2 = 0.327, p < 0.01). Our findings indicate that the extent of lateral fluid-percussion injury-induced chronic cortical pathology associated with the acutely elevated plasma miR-124-3p level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Vuokila
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riina Huusko
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), PO Box 413, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jussi Tohka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Biswas PK, Gomez NC, Biswas S, Gupta SD, Howlader SS, Chanda PK, Ahmed F. Significant Left Main Coronary Artery Disease Does Not Incur Any Additional Risk to the Short Term Outcome of Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery. Mymensingh Med J 2020; 29:187-194. [PMID: 31915357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease and single most important cause of premature death in developed countries. Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery has recently became widespread internationally and has produced good clinical outcome even in left main coronary artery disease following off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of Cardiac Surgery, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2015 to September 2016 after fulfillment of enrollment criteria, 428 patients were studied for the purpose of the study and they were grouped in two, significant left main coronary artery disease in group A and non left main coronary artery disease requiring surgery in group B. Comparison of risk factors between groups demonstrates that diabetes mellitus and smoking habit between two groups were almost identical. 69.2% of patient with significant left main coronary artery group were hypertensive and 25.2% were dyslipidaemic in comparison to non left main coronary artery disease group which were 50.9% and 6.5% respectively. Requirement of per operative inotropic support was significantly higher in left main coronary artery group. 33.6% of patient of left main coronary artery group required per operative inotropic support whereas non left main coronary artery group require 24.8%. Postoperative inotropic support, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay, hospital stay and complication were similar in both these groups. So, we can say that off pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery for significant left main coronary artery disease is as safe as non left main coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Biswas
- Dr Prodip Kumar Biswas, Registrar, Cardiac Surgery, National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute (NHFH&RI), Mirpur, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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15
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Karttunen J, Heiskanen M, Navarro-Ferrandis V, Das Gupta S, Lipponen A, Puhakka N, Rilla K, Koistinen A, Pitkänen A. Precipitation-based extracellular vesicle isolation from rat plasma co-precipitate vesicle-free microRNAs. J Extracell Vesicles 2018; 8:1555410. [PMID: 30574280 PMCID: PMC6300090 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2018.1555410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA (miRNA) cargo contained in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) offers a relatively little explored source of biomarkers for brain diseases that can be obtained noninvasively. Methods to isolate EVs from plasma, however, are still being developed. For EV isolation, it is important to ensure the removal of vesicle-free miRNAs, which account for approximately two-thirds of plasma miRNAs. Membrane particle precipitation-based EV isolation is an appealing method because of the simple protocol and high yield. Here, we evaluated the performance of a precipitation-based method to obtain enriched EV-specific miRNAs from a small volume of rat plasma. We performed size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) on precipitation-isolated EV pellets and whole plasma. The SEC fractions were analysed using Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), protein and miRNA concentration assays, and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for four miRNAs (miR-142-3p, miR-124-3p, miR-23a, miR-122). Precipitation-isolated EVs and selected SEC fractions from the plasma were also analysed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Precipitation-based EV isolation co-precipitated 9% to 15% of plasma proteins and 21% to 99% of vesicle-free miRNAs, depending on the individual miRNAs. In addition, the amount of miR-142-3p, found mainly in EV fractions, was decreased in the EV fractions, indicating that part of it was lost during precipitation-based isolation. Western blot and TEM revealed both protein and lipoprotein contamination in the precipitation-isolated EV-pellets. Our findings indicate that a precipitation-based method is not sufficient for purifying plasma EV-contained miRNA cargo. The particle number measured by NTA is high, but this is mostly due to the contaminating lipoproteins. Although a part of the vesicle-free miRNA is removed, vesicle-free miRNA still dominates in plasma EV pellets isolated by the precipitation-based method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni Karttunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mette Heiskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anssi Lipponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Koistinen
- SIB Labs, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Sharma N, Bairwa M, Gowthamghosh B, Gupta SD, Mangal DK. A bibliometric analysis of the published road traffic injuries research in India, post-1990. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:18. [PMID: 29490646 PMCID: PMC5831206 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0298-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death among those aged 15-29 years. However, road traffic injury research has not received adequate attention from the scientific community in low- and middle-income countries, including India. The present study aims to provide a bibliometric overview of research assessing road traffic injuries in India. METHODS We used Scopus to extract relevant research in road traffic injuries published from 1991 to 2017. This study presented the key bibliometric indicators such as trends of annual publications and citations, top 10 authors, journals, institutions and highly cited articles, citation analysis of articles, co-occurrence of keywords, etc. Analysis was performed using Scopus, Microsoft Excel, and VOS-viewer. RESULTS A total of 242 articles were retrieved with an h-index of 18, excluding self-citations. A steadfast growth of publications was documented in last decade, especially after the year 2010. The h-index of the top 10 authors, institutions, journals and highly cited articles did not surpass single digits. A network visualisation map showed that 'traffic accident', 'male', 'adolescent' and 'child' were the most commonly encountered key terms. The prominent authors were Gururaj G, Dandona R, and Hyder AA, whereas the top journals were the Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medico Legal Update, and the International Journal of Applied Engineering Research and top institutions were the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, and the Administrative Staff College of India. CONCLUSION In India, road traffic injuries research is inadequate in quantity and quality, warranting greater attention from researchers and policy planners to address the burden of road traffic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Sharma
- Centre for Injury Research (CIR), The IIHMR University, Jaipur, India.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Mohan Bairwa
- Centre for Injury Research (CIR), The IIHMR University, Jaipur, India. .,Public Health and Epidemiology, The IIHMR University, 1, Prabhu Dayal Marg, Near Sanganer Airport, Jaipur, 302029, India.
| | - B Gowthamghosh
- Centre for Injury Research (CIR), The IIHMR University, Jaipur, India
| | - S D Gupta
- Centre for Injury Research (CIR), The IIHMR University, Jaipur, India
| | - D K Mangal
- Centre for Injury Research (CIR), The IIHMR University, Jaipur, India
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van Vliet EA, Puhakka N, Mills JD, Srivastava PK, Johnson MR, Roncon P, Das Gupta S, Karttunen J, Simonato M, Lukasiuk K, Gorter JA, Aronica E, Pitkänen A. Standardization procedure for plasma biomarker analysis in rat models of epileptogenesis: Focus on circulating microRNAs. Epilepsia 2017; 58:2013-2024. [PMID: 28960286 DOI: 10.1111/epi.13915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The World Health Organization estimates that globally 2.4 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy each year. In nearly 30% of these cases, epilepsy cannot be properly controlled by antiepileptic drugs. More importantly, treatments to prevent or modify epileptogenesis do not exist. Therefore, novel therapies are urgently needed. In this respect, it is important to identify which patients will develop epilepsy and which individually tailored treatment is needed. However, currently, we have no tools to identify the patients at risk, and diagnosis of epileptogenesis remains as a major unmet medical need, which relates to lack of diagnostic biomarkers for epileptogenesis. As the epileptogenic process in humans is typically slow, the use of animal models is justified to speed up biomarker discovery. We aim to summarize recommendations for molecular biomarker research and propose a standardized procedure for biomarker discovery in rat models of epileptogenesis. The potential of many phylogenetically conserved circulating noncoding small RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), as biomarkers has been explored in various brain diseases, including epilepsy. Recent studies show the feasibility of detecting miRNAs in blood in both experimental models and human epilepsy. However, the analysis of circulating miRNAs in rodent models is challenging, which relates both to the lack of standardized sampling protocols and to analysis of miRNAs. We will discuss the issues critical for preclinical plasma biomarker discovery, such as documentation, blood and brain tissue sampling and collection, plasma separation and storage, RNA extraction, quality control, and RNA detection. We propose a protocol for standardization of procedures for discovery of circulating miRNA biomarkers in rat models of epileptogenesis. Ultimately, we hope that the preclinical standardization will facilitate clinical biomarker discovery for epileptogenesis in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A van Vliet
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noora Puhakka
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Mills
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Prashant K Srivastava
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Johnson
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Roncon
- Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Shalini Das Gupta
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Karttunen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Michele Simonato
- Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katarzyna Lukasiuk
- Laboratory of Epileptogenesis, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan A Gorter
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Asla Pitkänen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Ramteke P, Seenu V, Prashad R, Gupta SD, Iyer V, Deo S, Gogia A, Mathur S. Alteration in steroid hormone and Her-2/neu receptor status following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: Experience at a tertiary care centre in India. Indian J Cancer 2017; 53:366-371. [PMID: 28244460 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.200669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) enables tumor reduction and conservative surgery. It is proposed in some studies that there may be an alteration in the hormonal receptor (HR) status and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2)/neu immune-expression following NACT. AIMS To study the status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Her-2/neu receptor before and after NACT in LABC. MATERIALS AND METHODS HR and Her-2/neu status were evaluated by immunohistochemistry on 100 core needle biopsy of primary tumors and surgical specimens after receiving NACT (NACT group); fifty patients without NACT served as non-NACT group, and discordance was compared between the two groups. RESULTS In the NACT group, discordance of 17%, 13%, and 11% was noted in ER, PR, and Her-2/neu status, while in non-NACT group, discordance seen in ER, PR, and Her-2/neu was 8%, 8%, and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant alteration in ER and Her-2/neu status from the core biopsy to the treated resected tumor in the study group. As these changes may impact treatment, HR and Her-2/neu expression reanalysis in final surgical specimens is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ramteke
- Department of Pathology, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Seenu
- Department of Surgery, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R Prashad
- Department of Surgery, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S D Gupta
- Department of Pathology, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - V Iyer
- Department of Pathology, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Svs Deo
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A Gogia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S Mathur
- Department of Pathology, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kalia A, Gandhi T, Chatterjee G, Swami P, Dhillon H, Bi S, Chauhan N, Gupta SD, Sharma P, Sood S, Ganesh S, Mathur U, Sinha P. Assessing the impact of a program for late surgical intervention in early-blind children. Public Health 2017; 146:15-23. [PMID: 28404468 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many blind children in the developing world are unable to obtain timely treatment due to lack of financial and medical resources. Can public health programs that identify and treat such children several years after the onset of blindness enhance their quality of life? The notion that visual development is subject to an early 'critical period' argues against this possibility. However, there are inadequate empirical data from humans on this issue. To address this need, we examined the quality of life of children living in India and who were treated for early-onset blindness (before one year of age), due to cataracts or corneal opacities. STUDY DESIGN Survey study. METHODS As part of an ongoing scientific effort named Project Prakash, we screened over 40,000 children in rural northern India to identify those suffering from early-onset blindness. They were provided eye surgeries in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in New Delhi. We subsequently surveyed 64 Prakash children, ranging in age from 5 to 22 years and obtained their responses on a multi-dimensional quality of life questionnaire. RESULTS Nearly all of the subjects indicated that their quality of life had improved after treatment. Children reported marked enhancement in their mobility, independence, and safety, and also in social integration. Surprisingly, we found no significant correlations between quality of life metrics and factors such as age at treatment, gender, time since treatment, and pre-surgery and post-surgery acuity. CONCLUSIONS A key question for public health policy makers is whether a program of surgical intervention for older blind children is likely to be beneficial, or if the resources are better spent on rehabilitation via vocational training and assistive devices. The marked improvements in quality of life we find in our data strongly argue for the provision of surgical care regardless of a child's age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalia
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA.
| | - T Gandhi
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA; Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - G Chatterjee
- Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P Swami
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - H Dhillon
- Community Outreach Department, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Bi
- Community Outreach Department, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - N Chauhan
- Community Outreach Department, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S D Gupta
- Community Outreach Department, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sood
- Lexington High School Lexington, USA
| | - S Ganesh
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - U Mathur
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P Sinha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Mishra GA, Dhivar HD, Gupta SD, Kulkarni SV, Shastri SS. A population-based screening program for early detection of common cancers among women in India - methodology and interim results. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52:139-45. [PMID: 26838003 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers of the uterine cervix, breast, and oral cavity accounted for 134,420, 115,251, and 24,375 cases, respectively, and were responsible for 52.8% of the total cancers among women in India in 2008. AIM The major objectives were to create awareness regarding common cancers among women, to detect pre-cancers of the uterine cervix and oral cavity, and early cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, and oral cavity, by conducting screening with simple, low-cost technology, within the community, and to facilitate confirmation of diagnosis among the screen positives and treatment and follow-up among the diagnosed cases. SETTINGS AND METHODS This is a community-based screening program for early detection of breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, being implemented among the socioeconomically disadvantaged women in Mumbai, India. The process involves selection of clusters, household surveys, health education, and screening the eligible women for breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, by primary healthcare workers, at a temporarily set-up clinic within the community. The program is planned to cover a 125,000 disadvantaged population in five years. RESULTS Twenty-one thousand and fifteen people, with 4009 eligible women, have been covered to date. The compliance for screening for breast, cervix, and oral cavity has been 85, 70, and 88% and the screen positivity rates are 3.9, 14.9, and 3.9%, respectively. Twenty-seven oral pre-cancers, 25 cervix pre-cancers, one invasive cancer of the breast, two of the cervix, and one oral cavity cancer have been diagnosed among the screened women and all of them have complied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS The program is raising awareness about the common cancers and harms of tobacco among the disadvantaged women population in Mumbai. It is also helping in detecting pre-cancers and cancers among asymptomatic women and is assisting them in receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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21
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Mishra GA, Gunjal SS, Pimple SA, Majmudar PV, Gupta SD, Shastri SS. Impact of 'gutkha and pan masala ban' in the state of Maharashtra on users and vendors. Indian J Cancer 2015; 51:129-32. [PMID: 25104193 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.138182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gutkha and pan masala contain harmful and carcinogenic chemicals. Hence, Maharashtra Government banned their manufacture, storage, distribution and sale on 19 th July 2012 for a year. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine the impact of the ban on gutkha and pan masala on its users and vendors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross- sectional study was conducted among gutkha and/or pan masala users and tobacco vendors in the selected area of Mumbai city, 4-6 months after the implementation of the ban. The parameters studied included knowledge regarding the ban, usage or discontinuation of use of the banned products, product availability, withdrawal symptoms among quitters, etc., RESULTS A total of 68 users and five tobacco vendors were enrolled in this study. Although all users were aware about the ban on gutkha, very few knew about the ban on pan masala. Only 5.9% of users knew that currently the ban had been declared for only 1 year. Electronic media was the main source of information regarding the ban as reported by 45.6% users. All users and vendors were in favor of the ban. After the ban, 23.53% gutkha users quit their habit while 55.88% reduced their gutkha consumption. Non-availability of gutkha was the most important reason stated by the gutkha users for quitting or reducing the consumption. In spite of the ban, gutkha is still available in the market, but at an increased cost or in a different form. CONCLUSION Nearly 23.53% of gutkha users have quit their habit post-ban despite its availability through illegal sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally tobacco epidemic kills nearly six million people annually. Consumption of tobacco products is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco is addictive; hence, tobacco users need support in quitting. AIMS Providing tobacco cessation services to women in community enabling them to quit tobacco, identifying factors associated with quitting and documenting the processes involved to establish a replicable "model tobacco cessation program." SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is a community based tobacco cessation program of one year duration conducted among women in a low socioeconomic area of Mumbai, India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS It involved three interventions conducted at three months interval, comprised of health education, games and counseling sessions and a post intervention follow-up. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Uni and multivariate analysis was performed to find out association of various factors with quitting tobacco. RESULTS The average compliance in three intervention rounds was 95.2%. The mean age at initiation of tobacco was 17.3 years. Tobacco use among family members and in the community was primary reasons for initiation and addiction to tobacco was an important factor for continuation, whereas health education and counseling seemed to be largely responsible for quitting. The quit rate at the end of the programme was 33.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that women in higher age groups and women consuming tobacco at multiple locations are less likely to quit tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Changing cultural norms associated with smokeless tobacco, strict implementation of antitobacco laws in the community and work places and providing cessation support are important measures in preventing initiation and continuation of tobacco use among women in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Saha PK, Alam SM, Khatun US, Rahman MH, Gupta SD. Use of local anesthesia in transrectal ultrasound guided prostatic biopsy. Mymensingh Med J 2014; 23:299-304. [PMID: 24858158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy of the prostate is the gold standard for detecting prostate cancer. Intraprostatic administration of local anesthesia significantly decreases pain during prostatic biopsy. Transrectal ultrasound guided intraprostatic lidocaine administration along with intrarectally lidocaine gel is a new local anesthesia technique for prostatic biopsy. It was a randomized prospective, comparative, interventional type of the study. A total of 60 patients of age over 55 years included in the study among them 30 patients with transrectal lidocaine gel was in Group I and 30 patients with intraprostatic lidocaine injection with intra rectal gel were in Group II. The mean age was almost identically distributed between the two groups (p=0.668). About 47% of patients in Group I exhibited hard prostate on digital rectal examination (DRE), 33.3% single nodule and 20% multinodule compared to 33.3% of patients in Group II had hard prostate, 26.7% single nodule and 40% multinodule (p=0.236). The mean serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) was significantly higher in Group II than that in Group I (36.7±9.2 vs. 7.5±5.8ng/ml; p=0.007). The mean pain intensity during biopsy was almost two times higher in Group I than in Group II (p<0.001). The present study concludes that the intraprostatic lidocaine injection along with intra rectal lidocaine gel is less painful method and can be considered in all patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Saha
- Dr Prodyut Kumar Saha, Associate Professor, Department of Urology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Abstract
Cherubism is a non neoplastic progressive heredity disease affecting the jaw bones. It is a benign disease with a characteristic symmetrical involvement of the maxilla and mandible. It usually affects children before 5 years of age, with painless progressive swelling of the cheeks, frequently associated with dental malformations. Here, we are presenting a case report of a 12-year-old boy suffering from cherubism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trivedi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Guru Nanak Dev Dental College, Sunam, Punjab, India
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Gupta SD. Epidemiologic investigation of excess maternal and neonatal deaths and evidence-based low-cost public health interventions - Ignaz Semmelweis: the etiology, concept and prophylaxis of child bed fever [1]. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2012; 1:477-484. [PMID: 28615613 DOI: 10.4103/2224-3151.207050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Gupta
- Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur, India
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Abstract
Hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) is a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in the developing world. The immunopathology of HEV infections has not yet been elucidated. The virus is noncytopathic, and therefore, liver injury may be attributed to immune-mediated damage by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. Therefore, we studied the nature of immune cells involved in HEV-induced liver damage using immunohistochemistry in liver biopsies taken from patients with HEV-induced acute liver failure and demonstrated a significant infiltration of activated CD8(+) T cells containing granzymes. These findings suggest the possible involvement of cytotoxic T cells in disease pathogenesis during HEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Prabhu
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singhal G, Akhter MZ, Stern DF, Gupta SD, Ahuja A, Sharma U, Jagannathan NR, Rajeswari MR. DNA triplex-mediated inhibition of MET leads to cell death and tumor regression in hepatoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:520-30. [PMID: 21660063 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (MET) is one of the critical cell signaling molecules whose aberrant expression is reported in several human cancers. The aim of the study is to investigate the antigene and antiproliferative effect of short triplex forming oligonucleotides, TFO-1 (part of the positive regulatory element) and TFO-2 (away from the transcription start site) on MET expression. HepG2 cells transfected only with TFO-1 (but not with TFO-2 and non-specific TFO) significantly decreased MET levels, which is accompanied by decrease in antiapoptotic proteins and increase in pro-apoptotic proteins. Phosphoproteome-array analysis of 46 intracellular kinases revealed hypophosphorylation of about 15 kinases including ERK, AKT, Src and MEK, suggesting the growth inhibitory effect of TFO-1. Further, the efficacy of TFO-1 was tested on diethylnitrosamine-induced liver tumors in wistar rats. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed decrease in liver tumor volume up to 90% after treatment with TFO-1. Decreased MET expression and elevated apoptotic activity further indicate that TFO-1 targeted to c-met leads to cell death and tumor regression in hepatoma. Formation of stable DNA triplex between TFO-1 and targeted gene sequence was confirmed by circular dichroic spectroscopy and gel retardation assay. Therefore, it can be concluded that DNA triplex-based therapeutic approaches hold promise in the treatment of malignancies associated with MET overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singhal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND IGF2 is a tumor suppressor gene at locus 11p15. Many hepatoblastomas have loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus. Earlier studies have not demonstrated any association between LOH and prognosis. Aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of LOH at 11p15.5 in hepatoblastomas. METHODS DNA was isolated from normal liver and tumor tissue in 20 patients with hepatoblastoma. PCR was performed and cases were classified as LOH present, absent or non-informative. Patients' follow-up data was analyzed using Fischer's exact test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for relapse-free survival (RFS) in relation to LOH. Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethics board. RESULTS All cases were informative for at least one microsatellite marker used. 4 of the 20 cases (20%) had LOH at 11p15.5. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period. 5 of 19 patients relapsed (26%). Of 4 patients who had LOH, 3 (75%) relapsed, the time to relapse being 7, 7 and 9 months, respectively. Of the 15 cases without LOH, 2 (13.3%) relapsed. 4 patients had mixed epithelial and mesenchymal histology; 3 of them had LOH. The 2 groups with and without LOH were well matched. The RFS for patients with LOH (n=4) was 13% (mean survival time [MST]: 8.7 months; 95CI 6.7-10.7), while the RFS for cases without LOH (n=15) was 75% (MST: 100.7 months; 95CI 74.5-126.8). CONCLUSION Mixed epithelial and mesenchymal histology is more frequently associated with LOH on chromosome 11p15.5 than pure epithelial histology. LOH on chromosome 11p15.5 is associated with a significantly increased incidence of relapse and a significantly shorter relapse-free survival in patients with hepatoblastoma. The risk of relapse is higher and the RFS lower both in standard-risk and high-risk patients with hepatoblastoma if they demonstrate the presence of LOH at 11p15.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chitragar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Pathology, New Delhi, India
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Mishra GA, Majmudar PV, Gupta SD, Rane PS, Hardikar NM, Shastri SS. Call centre employees and tobacco dependence: Making a difference. Indian J Cancer 2010; 47 Suppl 1:43-52. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.63860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of the primary tumor site in breast cancers is not established with only a few studies having evaluated the issue. MATERIALS AND METHODS The relevance of a primary tumor site with respect to systemic disease relapse was evaluated in 187 patients with breast cancer treated with primary surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, in whom the location of primary tumor was classifiable in any one of the three sites, namely: outer, periareolar, and inner, quadrants. Data was obtained from prospectively maintained records of breast cancer patients treated at a single surgical unit in a tertiary care center. RESULTS The three groups were comparable with regard to demographic, pathological tumor, and treatment characteristics. In the multivariate analysis, patients with inner and periareolar quadrant tumors had a higher hazard for systemic disease relapse, (2.53, 95% CI: 1.18-5.42; P = 0.02, and 2.73, 95% CI: 1.04-7.14; P = 0.04, respectively) as compared to outer quadrant tumors. The projected five-year survival estimates in Kaplan Meier were 87%, 61%, and 69%, respectively, for outer, periareolar, and inner quadrant. On further substratification the difference was particularly noted in high risk inner quadrant tumors: age 45, premenopausal patients, tumor size> 2 cms, positive nodes and intermediate or high grade histology, as also in patients treated with breast conservation and CMF, Cyclophosphamide, Methorexate, 5 Fluorouracil chemotherapy. CONCLUSION The location of the primary tumor influences survival in breast cancer with inferior outcome for tumors in inner and periareolar quadrants, especially in high risk groups and those treated with conservative approaches. The role of aggressive therapies merits investigation in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hazrah
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Madhusudhan KS, Srivastava DN, Dash NR, Gupta C, Gupta SD. Case report. Schwannoma of both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts: a rare case. Br J Radiol 2009; 82:e212-5. [PMID: 19759209 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/63746798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwannoma of the biliary tree is extremely uncommon, with only a few cases having been reported so far. They commonly present with obstructive jaundice. Although involvement of the extrahepatic duct is common, occurrence in the intrahepatic ducts has not been reported. We report a case of combined intrahepatic and extrahepatic schwannoma in a 46-year-old man presenting with obstructive jaundice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Madhusudhan
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Gupta SD, Khatun AA, Islam AI, Shameem IA. Outcome of endoscopic fulguration of posterior urethral valves in children. Mymensingh Med J 2009; 18:239-244. [PMID: 19623154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Posterior urethral valves are the most common cause of congenital obstructive uropathy leading to renal failure in childhood. This study was undertaken to assess the outcome of endoscopic fulguration of posterior urethral valves based upon the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings. This prospective study was carried out on 50 male children with posterior urethral valves who were treated by endoscopic fulguration and came for routine follow-up. Diagnosis of posterior urethral valves (PUV) was confirmed by voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG). After valve ablation, urine R/M/E, urine for culture and sensitivity test, serum creatinine level, USG of KUB including PVR were done in all cases at 1,3,6,12 months and then at six months interval maximum up to 3 years. Mean age of the patients was 2 years ranging from 1 to 12 years old. Mean follow-up period was 30.48 months after valve ablation. At diagnosis mean serum creatinine +/-SD was 90.4+/-44.8 mumol/lit and it decreased to 56.3+/-11.1micromol/lit at the end of 3-years follow-up. Hydronephrotic changes decreased from 84% to 4%. Proteinuria decreased from 38% to 6% and urinary tract infections decreased from 58% to 4% at the end of final follow up. Although the techniques for posterior urethral valves ablation have been refined and the short-term management of patients with posterior urethral valves has improved remarkably, there is growing concern about the long-term outcome. At present endoscopic fulguration with observation is the treatment of choice for posterior urethral valves. In this study patients improved dramatically following fulguration of posterior urethral valves. Early diagnosis and appropriate therapy may arrest progressive damage and facilitate recovery. Further follow-up studies of longer duration are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Gupta
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Kandpal H, Sharma R, Gupta SD, Kumar A. Solitary fibrous tumour of the liver: a rare imaging diagnosis using MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. Br J Radiol 2009; 81:e282-6. [PMID: 19029048 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/98393711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Solitary fibrous tumour of the liver is an extremely rare neoplasm, the reported imaging features of which are largely non-specific. We present a case in which dynamic contrast-enhanced CT, MRI and diffusion-weighted MRI findings suggested a diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour of the liver that was subsequently confirmed by immunohistochemical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kandpal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Sharma G, Mirza S, Parshad R, Gupta SD, Pandaya P, Ralhan R. Prognostic significance of GSTP1 and MGMT hypermethylation in invasive ductal breast carcinoma patients. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #4053
Purpose: Methylation-mediated suppression of detoxification, DNA repair and tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in cancer development, by shifting cells from the normal cellular cycle to a state of high proliferation that favors tumor development and progression. The current study was designed to analyze the methylation status of these genes in sera of breast cancer patients and determine the correlation of promoter hypermethylation of these genes with disease prognosis and patient survival.
 Experimental design: To test the hypothesis that promoter methylation of GSTP1 and MGMT is associated with disease prognosis, the methylation status of these genes was analyzed in invasive ductal carcinoma tissues and corresponding sera of breast cancer patients and correlated with disease free survival of these patients.
 Results: Promoter methylation of GSTP1 and MGMT was observed in 25% and 38% of breast tumor tissues, respectively and in 23% and 35% of the corresponding sera of breast cancer patients. There was significant association between methylation of GSTP1 and advanced tumor stage. Patients harboring methylated GSTP1 were more likely to have disease progression and reduced overall survival compared with patients who did not have the methylated gene.
 Conclusion: GSTP1 methylation in tumor and sera may serve as a poor prognostic marker in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 4053.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharma
- 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
- 4 Dev Sanskriti Vishvavidyalya, Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India
| | - S Mirza
- 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - R Parshad
- 2 Dept. of Surgery, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - SD Gupta
- 3 Dept. of Pathology, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - P Pandaya
- 4 Dev Sanskriti Vishvavidyalya, Hardwar, Uttaranchal, India
| | - R Ralhan
- 1 Dept. of Biochemistry, AIIMS, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Khilnani GC, Kumar A, Bammigatti C, Sharma R, Gupta SD. Hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the adrenal gland causing acute abdominal pain. J Assoc Physicians India 2008; 56:379-380. [PMID: 18700646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute abdominal pain is a common clinical entity with varied etiology. Hemorrhagic pseudocysts of the adrenal gland are rare lesions that might be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. Herein, we report a case of young married female presenting with acute pain abdomen and fever, who was diagnosed to have hemorrhagic pseudocyst of the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Khilnani
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110 029
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Kandpal H, Sharma R, Arora NK, Gupta SD. Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt: imaging features. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e258-61. [PMID: 17728955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic venous shunt (CEPS) is a rare anomaly. It causes metabolic derangements and is often associated with liver tumours and other anomalies. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis of CEPS. However, it may be misleading in determining the type of shunt. We present a six-year-old girl with CEPS to illustrate the importance of histology in determining the presence of portal veins in the portal triad, which were too small to be seen on imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kandpal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Swain P, Dash S, Sahoo PK, Routray P, Sahoo SK, Gupta SD, Meher PK, Sarangi N. Non-specific immune parameters of brood Indian major carp Labeo rohita and their seasonal variations. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2007; 22:38-43. [PMID: 16679030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/17/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Different non-specific immune parameters and their seasonal changes in brood Indian major carp Labeo rohita reared in two major freshwater aquaculture regions of India viz. West Bengal and Orissa were investigated. It was undertaken for 2 consecutive years and included three main seasons of a year such as summer (March-May), rainy (July-September) and winter (November-January). Total serum protein, albumin and globulin levels were not significantly different throughout the year (p>0.01). Serum lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were lower (7.26+/-0.87mg/ml and, 0.54+/-0.11 OD, respectively) in winter as compared to any other season of the year. The bacterial agglutination titer was higher (p<0.01) in the rainy season (8.70+/-1.70) compared to summer and winter seasons (3.40+/-0.60 and 4.00+/-0.89, respectively). Haemagglutination and haemolytic activities did not vary (p>0.01) throughout the year. In blood smears, lymphocyte percentage was higher (75-80%) as compared to those of neutrophil (10-15%) and monocytes (5-10%) but eosinophilic granulocytes were present only in few cases. The differential leucocyte count did not vary significantly (p>0.05) in any season. This study indicated that certain non-specific immune parameters of this species can be modulated at certain times of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Swain
- Aquatic Animal Health Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, Orissa 751002, India.
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Bassi KK, Seenu V, Ballehaninna UK, Parshad R, Chumber S, Dhar A, Gupta SD, Kumar R, Srivastava A. Second echelon node predicts metastatic involvement of additional axillary nodes following sentinel node biopsy in early breast cancer. Indian J Cancer 2006; 43:103-9. [PMID: 17065767 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.27931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many patients with early breast cancer, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) is the sole site of regional nodal metastasis. This subgroup of patients may not benefit from completion axillary lymph node dissection (CALND). AIMS This pilot study evaluates the status of 2nd echelon (station) lymph nodes in the axilla as a predictor of additional positive nodes in the axilla in the presence of sentinel node metastasis. SETTINGS AND DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 40 breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty patients with invasive breast cancer underwent SLN biopsy followed by 2nd echelon lymph node biopsy in the same sitting. SLN mapping was performed using a combined technique of isosulfan blue and 99 mTc-sulfur colloid. SLNs (Station I) were defined as blue and/or hot nodes. These nodes were then injected with 0.1 ml of blue dye using a fine needle and their efferent lymphatic was traced to identify the Station II nodes. Then a complete ALND was performed. All the specimens were sent separately for histopathological evaluation. RESULTS SLNs (Station I nodes) were successfully identified in 98% (39/40) patients. Of the 17 patients with a positive SLN, 8 (47%) patients had no further positive nodes in the axilla, 9 (53%) patients had additional metastasis in nonsentinel lymph nodes upon CALND. Station II nodes were identified in 76% (13/17) patients with a positive SLN. Station II nodes accurately predicted the status of the remaining axilla in 92% patients (12/13). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We calculated the Sensitivity, Negative predictive value, Positive predictive value, False negative rate and Identification rate. CONCLUSION Station II nodes may predict metastatic involvement of additional nodes in the axilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Bassi
- Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 29, India.
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Swain P, Dash S, Bal J, Routray P, Sahoo PK, Sahoo SK, Saurabh S, Gupta SD, Meher PK. Passive transfer of maternal antibodies and their existence in eggs, larvae and fry of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 20:519-27. [PMID: 16157486 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2004] [Revised: 05/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lack of immune competence in the early stages of life leads to severe mortality in larval stages of different fish species including Indian major carp (IMC). Investigation through indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and agglutination test revealed a significant increase in specific serum antibody response in the brood fish of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Ham.) following immunisation with a virulent Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin 1 month prior to breeding, which was transferred to larvae through the egg. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in mean antibody levels in larvae at the 1st and 2nd weeks post-hatch was recorded while a slight rise in antibody level was observed in 3-week-old fry, perhaps due to exposure to A. hydrophila present in the aquatic environment. Immunised brood fish serum, egg and larval extracts in non-reducing sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and subsequent western blot analysis revealed an antibody molecule of approximate molecular weight 210 kDa. On challenge with virulent A. hydrophila, a significant reduction in mortality was recorded in immunised larvae and fry (58.0, 43.75 and 37.14% in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd week, respectively) relative to control fish (87.0, 79.0 and 76.4% in 1st, 2nd and 3rd week, respectively). The present study indicated the role of maternally derived antibody in protection of hatchlings of Indian major carp against specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Swain
- Aquatic Animal Health Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga-751002, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India.
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Chattophadyay T, Aroori S, Parshad R, Kapoor A, Gupta SD, Kumar A. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus using low dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin: Results of a prospective study. Indian J Cancer 2004. [DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Aroori S, Parshad R, Kapoor A, Gupta SD, Kumar A, Chattophadyay TK. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus using low dose continuous infusion 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin: results of a prospective study. Indian J Cancer 2004; 41:3-7. [PMID: 15105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is the treatment of choice for localized esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Despite curative surgical resection, the majority of patients develop local and systemic recurrence with poor 5-year survival. AIMS To study the role of low dose continuous infusion (CI) 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin as neoadjuvant chemotherapy in ESCC. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A non-randomized prospective study conducted over a period of two years (1996-1998) in the Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with ESCC were included in the study. Chemotherapy consisted of a continuous 30-day infusion of 5-FU (350 mg/m2/day) and cisplatin (7.5 mg/m2/day), 5 days/week for 4 weeks. All patients had surgery following chemotherapy. RESULTS A full course of chemotherapy was completed in 18 patients (82%). Chemotherapy was not completed due to non-compliance (n=2), thrombophlebitis (n=1), and vomiting (n=1). Grade-1 haematological and hepato-toxicity was observed in four patients. Thirteen patients developed thrombophlebitis. After chemotherapy, improvement in dysphagia was observed in 13 of 22 (59%) patients. Radiological partial response was observed in 8 patients (36.4%). 19 patients underwent surgical resection (86.4%) with zero mortality. Post-operative morbidity was observed in six patients (27%). Complete and partial pathological response was observed in two (11%) and one patient (5.5%) respectively. The overall median survival was 18 months and 4-year survival was 42%. CONCLUSIONS Low dose CI 5-FU and cisplatin is well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Histopathological response rates and survival figures are comparable with the more toxic neoadjuvant chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aroori
- Cancer Research Centre, Queen's University Belfast, U-Floor, City Hospital, Belfast BT9 7AB, Northern Ireland, UK
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Khilnani GC, Banga A, Sharma SC, Gupta SD. Wegener's granulomatosis: an isolated lung mass responding to antituberculosis therapy and atypical course. J Assoc Physicians India 2003; 51:731-3. [PMID: 14621051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), in a middle aged, non-smoking female who presented with a lung mass with constitutional symptoms. FNABC from mass revealed a single ill-defined granuloma without necrosis. There was a definite clinical and radiological response to anti-tuberculosis treatment. She was later found to have another mass lesion in nasopharynx. ANCA was negative initially but became positive once disease flare up occurred. Multisystem involvement with clinical features of vasculitis were seen during the flare up and resulted in a fatal outcome. Unusual features and literature on this entity is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Khilnani
- Dept. of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029
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Makharia GK, Nandi B, Kumar V, Garg PK, Gupta SD, Chattopadhyay TK, Tandon RK. Intussusception due to gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the colon: diagnosis by colonoscopy. Trop Gastroenterol 2003; 24:29-30. [PMID: 12974213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Intussusception of the intestine is rare in adults. We report a case of a 45-year-old male who presented with long-standing pyrexia of unknown origin, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding and constitutional symptoms. Colonoscopic examination revealed a large invaginated mass suggestive of colonic intussusception due to gastrointestinal stromal tumour of the colon. His symptoms disappeared after surgical removal of the tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govind K Makharia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110 029
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Joshi A, Gupta SD, Ahuja V, Sharma MP. Symptom score does not correlate with gastritis grade and Helicobacter pylori infection in non ulcer dyspepsia. Trop Gastroenterol 2001; 22:194-6. [PMID: 11963323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) is being postulated as one of the gastroduodenal manifestations of H. pylori infection. H. pylori infection may result in clinical symptoms as well as histological changes in NUD. AIM To compare clinical symptom score and histological changes in H. pylori (Hp) positive and negative untreated NUD patients. METHODS Forty six patients with dyspeptic symptoms and normal upper GI endoscopic examinations were included in this study. During endoscopy 2 biopsies each were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach. These biopsies were used for rapid urease test (RUT) and histological examination. Patients were diagnosed to have Hp infection if either of two tests were positive. There were two groups of patients: Hp positive and Hp negative NUD patients. Clinical scoring using Glasgow dyspepsia score (Max. 20) and histological analysis, using Sydney system (Max score 11) was done and compared for both the groups of patients. Clinical scoring, RUT and histological scoring were blinded to each other. RESULTS H. pylori was present in 29(63%) of the 46 patients. Mean clinical score for H. pylori positive patient was 10.9 while for Hp negative patient was 11.4. Total histological score for Hp positive and Hp negative patients was 3.37 Vs 1.76 (antrum) and 3.68 Vs 1.29(body) (p < .001), respectively. The only histological change found to be statistically significant between Hp positive and Hp negative patients was presence of lymphoid follicles (p < .05). CONCLUSION Clinical scoring does not correlate with the presence of H pylori or histological severity. In NUD patients positive for H. pylori, there is a significant increase in the severity of gastritis both in the antrum and the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Joshi
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
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Arora NK, Kohli R, Gupta DK, Bal CS, Gupta AK, Gupta SD. Hepatic technetium-99m-mebrofenin iminodiacetate scans and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels interpreted in series to differentiate between extrahepatic biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90:975-81. [PMID: 11683209 DOI: 10.1080/080352501316978039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic technetium-99m-mebrofenin iminodiacetate (99mTc-mebrofenin IDA) scans and serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) have high sensitivity for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). This study was based on the hypothesis that the interpretation of results of 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans and serum GGTP levels in series would result in a reduction of the false positivity observed with these tests individually. The aetiology of neonatal cholestasis in 132 study patients was: 25% (33/132) EHBA, 45.5% (60/132) neonatal hepatitis (NH) with an identifiable cause and 19.7% (26/132) idiopathic NH. Of the various clinical, biochemical and imaging parameters that were significantly different between patient groups, sensitivity for EHBA was: serum GGTP > or = 150 IU l(-1) (100%), 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans (100%), pale stools (82.8%) and total serum bilirubin > or = 12 mg dl(-1) (66%). However, specificity ranged from 48.5 to 79%. Of the 63 patients who had non-excreting IDA scans, operative cholangiograms could be avoided on the basis of a specific aetiological diagnosis of NH, made concurrently, in only 9 infants. The rest (54) underwent operative cholangiograms; 21 (39%) of these had patent biliary trees and therefore underwent the procedure unnecessarily. If serum GGTP (< 150 IU l(-1)) had been used as a screen after IDA scanning in these 54 patients, operative cholangiograms could have been avoided in another 12 patients and thereafter only 9/42 (21%) of the operative cholangiograms would have been considered unnecessary. CONCLUSION A diagnostic algorithm is proposed wherein serum GGTP level (at a cut-off level that maintains 100% sensitivity for EHBA) is used in series with non-excreting 99mTc-mebrofenin IDA scans (for patients with no specific aetiological label). This strategy reduces the false positivity of individual tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
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Abstract
Two children with incidentally-diagnosed ectopic pancreatic tissue in the jejunum at surgery for extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA) and choledochal cyst (CC) are reported. No case has been reported in the literature describing the association of a CC with ectopic pancreas, and only one case of EHBA associated with ectopic pancreas has been reported. We believe that incidentally-detected ectopic pancreatic tissue should be excised, even though the patient is symptom-free, in order to prevent the risk of serious complications due to either the mass effect or the potential for acute pancreatitis, cystic degeneration, or malignant transformation at a later date.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Prasad
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi
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Abstract
The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of benign skin lesions has been restricted primarily to the evaluation of bacteriologic and morphologic indices in leprosy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of FNAC in the diagnosis and classification of lepromatous lesions. Aspirates of 94 newly diagnosed cases of leprosy were studied, and the bacterial load was determined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. A skin biopsy was taken from the same site at the same sitting. Frozen and paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and ZN stains were examined from the biopsy specimen. In 61 of 94 cases (64.9%), the aspirates were satisfactory. Both diagnosis and classification of leprosy were possible in 40 of these 61 cases; the rest of the aspirates showed nonspecific chronic inflammation. The 39 cases of leprosy where a biopsy was available from the same site were classified on FNAC into tuberculoid (TT and BT), lepromatous (LL and BL), and midborderline (BB) subtypes. Taking the histologic diagnosis and Ridley-Jopling classification to be the gold standard, a strong concordance in tuberculoid leprosy cases (18 of 20 cases, 90%) and in lepromatous cases (15 of 16 cases, 93.7%) was observed. Midborderline cases of leprosy posed a problem, and a correct cytohistological correlation was observed in only one of the three cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I S Rao
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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