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Drysdale M, Galimov ER, Yarwood MJ, Patel V, Levick B, Gibbons DC, Watkins JD, Young S, Pierce BF, Lloyd EJ, Kerr W, Birch HJ, Kamalati T, Brett SJ. Comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab versus no treatment in non-hospitalised high-risk COVID-19 patients in north west London: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002238. [PMID: 38575338 PMCID: PMC11002339 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed the effectiveness of sotrovimab vs no early COVID-19 treatment in highest-risk COVID-19 patients during Omicron predominance. METHODS Retrospective cohort study using the Discover dataset in North West London. Included patients were non-hospitalised, aged ≥12 years and met ≥1 National Health Service highest-risk criterion for sotrovimab treatment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare HRs of 28-day COVID-19-related hospitalisation/death between highest-risk sotrovimab-treated and untreated patients. Age, renal disease and Omicron subvariant subgroup analyses were performed. RESULTS We included 599 sotrovimab-treated patients and 5191 untreated patients. Compared with untreated patients, the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation/death (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.24, 1.06; p=0.07) and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.18, 1.00; p=0.051) were both lower in the sotrovimab-treated group; however, statistical significance was not reached. In the ≥65 years and renal disease subgroups, sotrovimab was associated with a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation, by 89% (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.82; p=0.03) and 82% (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05, 0.62; p=0.007), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation in sotrovimab-treated patients aged ≥65 years and with renal disease was significantly lower compared with untreated patients. Overall, risk of hospitalisation was also lower for sotrovimab-treated patients, but statistical significance was not reached.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bethany Levick
- Evidence & Access, OPEN Health Communications LLP, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - William Kerr
- Global Medical Affairs, GSK, Brentford, Middlesex, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen J Brett
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Dattani R, Ul-Haq Z, Shah M, Goldet G, Darzi LA, Ashrafian H, Kamalati T, Frankel AH, Tam FW. Association and progression of multi-morbidity with Chronic Kidney Disease stage 3a secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, grouped by albuminuria status in the multi-ethnic population of Northwest London: A real-world study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289838. [PMID: 37624842 PMCID: PMC10456138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is rising worldwide. However, real-world data linking glomerular function and albuminuria to the degree of multi-morbidity is lacking. We thus utilised the Discover dataset, to determine this association. METHOD Patients with T2DM diagnosed prior to 1st January 2015 with no available biochemical evidence of CKD were included. Patients subsequently diagnosed and coded for CKD3a in 2015, were grouped by the degree of albuminuria. Baseline and 5-year co-morbidity was determined, as were prescribing practices with regards to prognostically beneficial medication. RESULTS We identified 56,261 patients with T2DM, of which 1082 had CKD stage 3a diagnosed in 2015 (224-CKD3aA1,154-CKD3aA2,93-CKD3aA1; 611 patients with CKD3a but no uACR available in 2015 were excluded from follow up). No statistically significant difference was observed in the degree of co-morbidities at baseline. A significant difference in the degree of hypertension, retinopathy, ischaemic heart disease and vascular disease from baseline compared to study end point was observed for all 3 study groups. Comparing co-morbidities developed at study end point, highlighted a statistical difference between CKD3aA1 Vs CKD3aA3 for retinopathy alone and for hypertension and heart failure between CKD3aA2 Vs CKD3aA3. 40.8% of patients with CKD3aA2 or A3 were prescribed Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone inhibitors (RAASi) therapy between June-December 2021. Survival analysis showed 15% of patients with CKD3aA3 developed CKD stage 5 within 5 years of diagnosis. DISCUSSION CKD3a secondary to DKD is associated with significant multimorbidity at baseline and 5 years post diagnosis, with CKD3aA3 most strongly associated with CKD progression to CKD 5, heart failure, hypertension and retinopathy compared to CKD3aA1 or CKD3aA2 at 5 years post diagnosis. The lack of uACR testing upon diagnosis and poor prescribing of RAASi, in those with CKD3aA2/A3, raises significant cause for concern. CONCLUSION DKD is associated with significant multimorbidity. Significant work is needed to be done to ensure patients undergo testing for uACR, to allow for future risk stratification and ability to be started on prognostically beneficial medication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Imperial College Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moulesh Shah
- Imperial College Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Frederick W.K. Tam
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Zaman S, Padayachee Y, Shah M, Samways J, Auton A, Quaife NM, Sweeney M, Howard JP, Tenorio I, Bachtiger P, Kamalati T, Pabari PA, Linton NWF, Mayet J, Peters NS, Barton C, Cole GD, Plymen CM. Smartphone-Based Remote Monitoring in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: Retrospective Cohort Study of Secondary Care Use and Costs. JMIR Cardio 2023; 7:e45611. [PMID: 37351921 PMCID: PMC10334716 DOI: 10.2196/45611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite effective therapies, the economic burden of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is driven by frequent hospitalizations. Treatment optimization and admission avoidance rely on frequent symptom reviews and monitoring of vital signs. Remote monitoring (RM) aims to prevent admissions by facilitating early intervention, but the impact of noninvasive, smartphone-based RM of vital signs on secondary health care use and costs in the months after a new diagnosis of HFrEF is unknown. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to conduct a secondary care health use and health-economic evaluation for patients with HFrEF using smartphone-based noninvasive RM and compare it with matched controls receiving usual care without RM. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of 2 cohorts of newly diagnosed HFrEF patients, matched 1:1 for demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and HFrEF severity. They are (1) the RM group, with patients using the RM platform for >3 months and (2) the control group, with patients referred before RM was available who received usual heart failure care without RM. Emergency department (ED) attendance, hospital admissions, outpatient use, and the associated costs of this secondary care activity were extracted from the Discover data set for a 3-month period after diagnosis. Platform costs were added for the RM group. Secondary health care use and costs were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier event analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. RESULTS A total of 146 patients (mean age 63 years; 42/146, 29% female) were included (73 in each group). The groups were well-matched for all baseline characteristics except hypertension (P=.03). RM was associated with a lower hazard of ED attendance (hazard ratio [HR] 0.43; P=.02) and unplanned admissions (HR 0.26; P=.02). There were no differences in elective admissions (HR 1.03, P=.96) or outpatient use (HR 1.40; P=.18) between the 2 groups. These differences were sustained by a univariate model controlling for hypertension. Over a 3-month period, secondary health care costs were approximately 4-fold lower in the RM group than the control group, despite the additional cost of RM itself (mean cost per patient GBP £465, US $581 vs GBP £1850, US $2313, respectively; P=.04). CONCLUSIONS This retrospective cohort study shows that smartphone-based RM of vital signs is feasible for HFrEF. This type of RM was associated with an approximately 2-fold reduction in ED attendance and a 4-fold reduction in emergency admissions over just 3 months after a new diagnosis with HFrEF. Costs were significantly lower in the RM group without increasing outpatient demand. This type of RM could be adjunctive to standard care to reduce admissions, enabling other resources to help patients unable to use RM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yorissa Padayachee
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Moulesh Shah
- Imperial College Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Samways
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Auton
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas M Quaife
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Indira Tenorio
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Punam A Pabari
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jamil Mayet
- Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carys Barton
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carla M Plymen
- Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Bachtiger P, Kelshiker MA, Petri CF, Gandhi M, Shah M, Kamalati T, Khan SA, Hooper G, Stephens J, Alrumayh A, Barton C, Kramer DB, Plymen CM, Peters NS. Survival and health economic outcomes in heart failure diagnosed at hospital admission versus community settings: a propensity-matched analysis. BMJ Health Care Inform 2023; 30:bmjhci-2022-100718. [PMID: 36921978 PMCID: PMC10030479 DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2022-100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Most patients with heart failure (HF) are diagnosed following a hospital admission. The clinical and health economic impacts of index HF diagnosis made on admission to hospital versus community settings are not known. METHODS We used the North West London Discover database to examine 34 208 patients receiving an index diagnosis of HF between January 2015 and December 2020. A propensity score-matched (PSM) cohort was identified to adjust for differences in socioeconomic status, cardiovascular risk and pre-diagnosis health resource utilisation cost. Outcomes were stratified by two pathways to index HF diagnosis: a 'hospital pathway' was defined by diagnosis following hospital admission; and a 'community pathway' by diagnosis via a general practitioner or outpatient services. The primary clinical and health economic endpoints were all-cause mortality and cost-consequence differential, respectively. RESULTS The diagnosis of HF was via hospital pathway in 68% (23 273) of patients. The PSM cohort included 17 174 patients (8582 per group) and was matched across all selected confounders (p>0.05). The ratio of deaths per person-months at 24 months comparing community versus hospital diagnosis was 0.780 (95% CI 0.722 to 0.841, p<0.0001). By 72 months, the ratio of deaths was 0.960 (0.905 to 1.020, p=0.18). Diagnosis via hospital pathway incurred an overall extra longitudinal cost of £2485 per patient. CONCLUSIONS Index diagnosis of HF through hospital admission continues to dominate and is associated with a significantly greater short-term risk of mortality and substantially increased long-term costs than if first diagnosed in the community. This study highlights the potential for community diagnosis-early, before symptoms necessitate hospitalisation-to improve both clinical and health economic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Bachtiger
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Mihir A Kelshiker
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Camille F Petri
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manisha Gandhi
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Jon Stephens
- Upstart Breakthrough Strategy Limited, London, UK
| | - Abdullah Alrumayh
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Carys Barton
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniel B Kramer
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Peters
- National Heart and Lung Institue, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Padayachee Y, Shah M, Auton A, Samways J, Quaife N, Kamalati T, Tenorio I, Bachtiger P, Howard JP, Cole GD, Barton C, Peters NS, Plymen CM, Zaman S. Smartphone-based remote monitoring (RM) in chronic heart failure reduces emergency hospital attendances, unplanned admissions and secondary care costs: a retrospective cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Despite effective therapies, the economic burden of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is driven by frequent hospital attendances [1]. Treatment optimisation and admission avoidance relies on frequent symptom review and monitoring of vital signs [2]. RM programmes aim to prevent admissions and improve system efficiency by enabling self-management [3]. Few studies evaluate the economic impact of RM in HFrEF, compared to real-world matched controls [4]. We compare hospital attendances and costs between patients using Luscii, a novel smartphone-based RM platform, and matched controls receiving usual care for 3 months.
Purpose
To assess the impact of RM on emergency department (ED) attendances, unplanned admissions and associated healthcare costs over 3 months.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study of new HFrEF referrals to our service was undertaken using the Discover dataset [5] for two cohorts (i) “RM group”: patients who used the RM platform for at least 3 months and (ii) “control group”: consecutive patients referred before the RM platform was available. The groups were matched 1:1 for age, sex, ethnicity, New York Heart Association grade and left ventricular ejection fraction. Medical co-morbidities, ED attendances, unplanned admissions and costs were extracted over 3 months from platform onboarding (RM group) or accepted referral (control group). Platform costs were added for the RM group. Differences between outcomes were analysed using t-tests, Kaplan-Meier event analysis and Cox's proportional hazard modelling.
Results
146 patients (mean age 63 years; 23% female) were included in the analyses (73 “RM group”; 73 “Control group”). The groups were well-matched for all baseline characteristics except hypertension (p=0.03). Compared to the control group, after 3 months follow-up the RM group had significantly fewer ED attendances (p<0.01) and unplanned admissions (p<0.01). Accounting for RM platform costs, there was no difference between ED costs (p=0.42), but significantly lower unplanned admissions costs in the RM group (p=0.02) (Table 1). RM was protective against ED attendances (HR=0.43, p=0.02) and unplanned admissions (HR=0.26, p=0.02), which was sustained after controlling for hypertension (Table 1). Kaplan-Meier analyses found significantly lower probability of ED attendances (p=0.02) and unplanned admissions (p=0.01) in the RM group (Figure 1).
Conclusions
HFrEF patients with RM were half as likely to attend ED and approximately four times less likely to need short-term unplanned admissions. The economic benefit of RM is driven by lower unplanned admission costs; the cost benefit is equivocal at the ED stage. Participants were younger than the typical HFrEF cohort. RM use could free up valuable resources to enhance standard care for older patients who decline or are unable to use RM. Further evaluation is required of the long-term impact of RM and its effect on outpatient encounters and costs.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): Discover data extraction and analyst time were funded by Astra Zeneca. Astra Zeneca did not have any input to study design, analyses or reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Padayachee
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - M Shah
- Imperial College London, Health Partners, 30 Euston Square, London, NW1 2FB , London , United Kingdom
| | - A Auton
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - J Samways
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - N Quaife
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - T Kamalati
- Imperial College London, Health Partners, 30 Euston Square, London, NW1 2FB , London , United Kingdom
| | - I Tenorio
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - P Bachtiger
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - J P Howard
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - G D Cole
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - C Barton
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - N S Peters
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - C M Plymen
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
| | - S Zaman
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , London , United Kingdom
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Sharma A, Ul-Haq Z, Sindi E, Al-Sharefi A, Kamalati T, Dhillo WS, Minhas S, Jayasena CN. Clinical characteristics and comorbidities associated with testosterone prescribing in men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2022; 96:227-235. [PMID: 34816471 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is recommended for the treatment of symptomatic hypogonadism in men. Data on prescription behaviours are, however, limited and conflicting. The objective of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics associated with the likelihood of being prescribed TRT by general practitioners (GP) in North-West London (NWL). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study using Discover database of GP-registered patients in NWL between 2015 and 2019. PATIENTS We identified 20,299 men aged ≥18 years with serum total testosterone measurement (TT) and without prior TRT prescription records. MEASUREMENTS We determined whether TRT was subsequently commenced, while analysing clinical characteristics related to hypogonadism. RESULTS Of all men having TT measurement, 19,583 (96.4%) were not commenced on TRT (Group A) and 716 (3.5%) men were commenced on TRT (Group B). Men prescribed TRT (Group B) had higher mean age, body mass index (BMI) and higher risks of hypertension, depression type 2 diabetes and ischaemic heart disease; conversely, men in Group B had lower mean pretreatment TT and were less likely to have prostate cancer. Four-hundred and thirty-six men (24.3%) with TT < 8 nmol/L and symptoms of low libido were not prescribed TRT. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights several factors which may influence the decisions made by clinicians when initiating TRT in primary care. Clearer guidance for clinicians may help to improve the consistency of treatment of men with hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Imperial College Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Emad Sindi
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Al-Sharefi
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic cough (CC) is a debilitating respiratory symptom, now increasingly recognised as a discrete disease entity. This study evaluated the burden of CC in a primary care setting. DESIGN Cross-sectional, retrospective cohort study. SETTING Discover dataset from North West London, which links coded data from primary and secondary care. The index date depicted CC persisting for ≥8 weeks and was taken as a surrogate for date of CC diagnosis. PARTICIPANTS Data were extracted for individuals aged ≥18 years with a cough persisting ≥8 weeks or cough remedy prescription, between Jan 2015 and Sep 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Demographic characteristics, comorbidities and service utilisation cost, including investigations performed and treatments prescribed were determined. RESULTS CC was identified in 43 453 patients from a total cohort of 2 109 430 (2%). Median (IQR) age was 64 years (41-87). Among the cohort, 31% had no recorded comorbidities, 26% had been given a diagnosis of asthma, 17% chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 12% rhinitis and 15% reflux. Prevalence of CC was greater in women (57%) and highest in the 65-74 year age range. There was an increase in the number of all investigations performed in the 12 months before and after the index date of CC diagnosis, and in particular for primary care chest X-ray and spirometry which increased from 6535 to 12 880 and from 5791 to 8720, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase in CC-associated healthcare utilisation costs. CONCLUSION One-third of individuals had CC in the absence of associated comorbidities, highlighting the importance of recognising CC as a condition in its own right. Overall outpatient costs increased in the year after the CC index date for all comorbidities, but varied significantly with age. Linked primary-care datasets may enable earlier detection of individuals with CC for specialist clinic referral and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Hull
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Zia Ul-Haq
- Imperial College Health Partners, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mark L Levy
- Self Employed General Practitioner, London, UK
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Campbell R, Hofmann D, Hatch S, Gordon P, Lempp H, Das L, Blumbergs P, Limaye V, Vermaak E, McHugh N, Edwards MH, Jameson K, Sayer AA, Dennison E, Cooper C, Salvador FB, Huertas C, Isenberg D, Jackson EJ, Middleton A, Churchill D, Walker-Bone K, Worsley PR, Mottram S, Warner M, Morrissey D, Gadola S, Carr A, Cooper C, Stokes M, Srivastava RN, Sanghi D, Srivastava RN, Sanghi D, Elbaz A, Mor A, Segal G, Drexler M, Norman D, Peled E, Rozen N, Goryachev Y, Debbi EM, Haim A, Rozen N, Wolf A, Debi R, Mor A, Segal G, Debbi EM, Cohen MS, Igolnikov I, Bar Ziv Y, Benkovich V, Bernfeld B, Rozen N, Elbaz A, Collins J, Moots RJ, Clegg PD, Milner PI, Ejtehadi HD, Nelson PN, Wenham C, Balamoody S, Hodgson R, Conaghan P, Wilkie R, Blagojevic M, Jordan KP, Mcbeth J, Peffers MJ, Beynon RJ, Thornton DJ, Clegg PD, Chapman R, Chapman V, Walsh D, Kelly S, Hui M, Zhang W, Doherty S, Rees F, Muir K, Maciewicz R, Doherty M, Snelling S, Davidson RK, Swingler T, Price A, Clark I, Stockley E, Hathway G, Faas H, Auer D, Chapman V, Hirsch G, Hale E, Kitas G, Klocke R, Abraham A, Pearce MS, Mann KD, Francis RM, Birrell F, Tucker M, Mellon SJ, Jones L, Price AJ, Dieppe PA, Gill HS, Ashraf S, Chapman V, Walsh DA, McCollum D, McCabe C, Grieve S, Shipley J, Gorodkin R, Oldroyd AG, Evans B, Greenbank C, Bukhari M, Rajak R, Bennett C, Williams A, Martin JC, Abdulkader R, MacNicol C, Brixey K, Stephenson S, Clunie G, Andrews RN, Oldroyd AG, Evans B, Greenbank C, Bukhari M, Clark EM, Gould VC, Carter L, Morrison L, Tobias JH, Pye SR, Vanderschueren D, O'Neill TW, Lee DM, Jans I, Billen J, Gielen E, Laurent M, Claessens F, Adams JE, Ward KA, Bartfai G, Casanueva F, Finn JD, Forti G, Giwercman A, Han TS, Huhtaniemi I, Kula K, Lean ME, Pendleton N, Punab M, Wu FC, Boonen S, Mercieca C, Webb J, Shipley J, Bhalla A, Fairbanks S, Moss KE, Collins C, Sedgwick P, Clark EM, Gould VC, Morrison L, Tobias JH, Parker J, Greenbank C, Evans B, Oldroyd AG, Bukhari M, Harvey NC, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Ntani G, Mahon PA, Robinson SM, Inskip HM, Godfrey KM, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Bridges M, Ruddick S, Holroyd CR, Mahon P, Crozier SR, Godfrey K, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Bridges M, Ruddick S, McNeilly T, McNally C, Beringer T, Finch M, Coda A, Davidson J, Walsh J, Fowlie P, Carline T, Santos D, Patil P, Rawcliffe C, Olaleye A, Moore S, Fox A, Sen D, Ioannou Y, Nisar S, Rankin K, Birch M, Finnegan S, Rooney M, Gibson DS, Malviya A, Ferris CM, Rushton SP, Foster HE, Hanson H, Muthumayandi K, Deehan DJ, Birt L, Poland F, MacGregor A, Armon K, Pfeil M, McErlane F, Beresford MW, Baildam EM, Thomson W, Hyrich K, Chieng A, Davidson J, Foster HE, Gardner-Medwin J, Lunt M, Wedderburn L, Gibson DS, Finnegan S, Newell K, Evans A, Manning G, Scaife C, McAllister C, Pennington SR, Duncan M, Moore T, Rooney M, Pericleous C, Croca SC, Giles I, Alber K, Yong H, Isenberg D, Midgely A, Beresford MW, Rahman A, Ioannou Y, Rzewuska M, Mallen C, Strauss VY, Belcher J, Peat G, Byng-Maddick R, Wijendra M, Penn H, Roddy E, Muller S, Hayward R, Mallen C, Kamlow F, Pakozdi A, Jawad A, Green DJ, Muller S, Mallen C, Hider SL, Singh Bawa S, Bawa S, Turton A, Palmer M, Grieve S, Lewis J, Moss T, McCabe C, Goodchild CE, Tang N, Scott D, Salkovskis P, Selvan S, Williamson L, Selvan S, Williamson L, Thalayasingam N, Higgins M, Saravanan V, Rynne M, Hamilton JD, Heycock C, Kelly C, Norton S, Sacker A, Done J, Young A, Smolen JS, Fleischmann RM, Emery P, van Vollenhoven RF, Guerette B, Santra S, Kupper H, Redden L, Kavanaugh A, Keystone EC, van der Heijde D, Weinblatt ME, Mozaffarian N, Guerette B, Kupper H, Liu S, Kavanaugh A, Zhang N, Wilkinson S, Riaz M, Ostor AJ, Nisar MK, Burmester G, Mariette X, Navarro-Blasco F, Oezer U, Kary S, Unnebrink K, Kupper H, Jobanputra P, Maggs F, Deeming A, Carruthers D, Rankin E, Jordan A, Faizal A, Goddard C, Pugh M, Bowman S, Brailsford S, Nightingale P, Tugnet N, Cooper SC, Douglas KM, Edwin Lim CS, Bee Lian Low S, Joy C, Hill L, Davies P, Mukherjee S, Cornell P, Westlake SL, Richards S, Rahmeh F, Thompson PW, Breedveld F, Keystone E, van der Heijde D, Landewe R, Smolen JS, Guerette B, McIlraith M, Kupper H, Liu S, Kavanaugh A, Byng-Maddick R, Penn H, Abdulkader R, Dharmapalaiah C, Shand L, Rose G, Clunie G, Watts R, Eldashan A, Dasgupta B, Borg FA, Bell GM, Anderson AE, Harry RA, Stoop JN, Hilkens CM, Isaacs J, Dickinson A, McColl E, Banik S, Smith L, France J, Bawa S, Rutherford A, Scott Russell A, Smith J, Jassim I, Withrington R, Bacon P, De Lord D, McGregor L, Morrison I, Stirling A, Porter DR, Saunders SA, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Baguley E, Patel Y, Alzabin S, Abraham S, Taher TE, Palfeeman A, Hull D, McNamee K, Jawad A, Pathan E, Kinderlerer A, Taylor P, Williams RO, Mageed RA, Iaremenko O, Mikitenko G, Ferrari M, Kamalati T, Pitzalis C, Tugnet N, Pearce F, Tosounidou S, Obrenovic K, Erb N, Packham J, Sandhu R, White C, Cardy CM, Justice E, Frank M, Li L, Lloyd M, Ahmed A, Readhead S, Ala A, Fittall M, Manson J, Ioannou Y, Sibilia J, Marc Flipo R, Combe B, Gaillez C, Le Bars M, Poncet C, Elegbe A, Westhovens R, Hassanzadeh R, Mangan C, France J, Bawa S, Weinblatt ME, Fleischmann R, van Vollenhoven R, Emery P, Huizinga TWJ, Goldermann R, Duncan B, Timoshanko J, Luijtens K, Davies O, Dougados M, Hewitt J, Owlia M, Dougados M, Gaillez C, Le Bars M, Poncet C, Elegbe A, Schiff M, Alten R, Kaine JL, Keystone E, Nash PT, Delaet I, Qi K, Genovese MC, Clark J, Kardash S, Wong E, Hull R, McCrae F, Shaban R, Thomas L, Young-Min S, Ledingham J, Genovese MC, Covarrubias Cobos A, Leon G, Mysler EF, Keiserman MW, Valente RM, Nash PT, Abraham Simon Campos J, Porawska W, Box JH, Legerton CW, Nasonov EL, Durez P, Pappu R, Delaet I, Teng J, Alten R, Edwards CJ, Arden N, Campbell J, van Staa T, Housden C, Sargeant I, Edwards CJ, Arden N, Campbell J, van Staa T, Housden C, Sargeant I, Choy E, McAuliffe S, Roberts K, Sargeant I, Emery P, Sarzi-Puttini P, Moots RJ, Andrianakos A, Sheeran TP, Choquette D, Finckh A, Desjuzeur ML, Gemmen EK, Mpofu C, Gottenberg JE, Bukhari M, Shah P, Kitas G, Cox M, Nye A, O'Brien A, Jones P, Sargeant I, Jones GT, Paudyal P, MacPherson H, Sim J, Doherty M, Ernst E, Fisken M, Lewith G, Tadman J, Macfarlane GJ, Mariette X, Bertin P, Arendt C, Terpstra I, VanLunen B, de Longueville M, Zhou H, Cai A, Lacy E, Kay J, Keystone E, Matteson E, Hu C, Hsia E, Doyle M, Rahman M, Shealy D, Scott DL, Ibrahim F, Abozaid H, Choy E, Hassell A, Plant M, Richards S, Walker D, Simpson G, Kowalczyk A, Prouse P, Brown A, George M, Kumar N, Mackay K, Marshall S, Nash PT, Ludivico CL, Delaet I, Qi K, Murthy B, Corbo M, Kaine JL, Emery P, Smolen JS, Samborski W, Berenbaum F, Davies O, Ambrugeat J, Bennett B, Burkhardt H, Prouse P, Brown A, George M, Kumar N, Mackay K, Marshall S, Bykerk V, Ostor AJ, Roman Ivorra J, Wollenhaupt J, Stancati A, Bernasconi C, Sibilia J, Scott DGI, Claydon P, Ellis C, Buchan S, Pope J, Fleischmann R, Dougados M, Bingham CO, Massarotti EM, Wollenhaupt J, Duncan B, Coteur G, Weinblatt M, Hull D, Ball C, Abraham S, Ainsworth T, Kermik J, Woodham J, Haq I, Quesada-Masachs E, Carolina Diaz A, Avila G, Acosta I, Sans X, Alegre C, Marsal S, McWilliams D, Kiely PD, Young A, Walsh DA, Fleischmann R, Bolce R, Wang J, Ingham M, Dehoratius R, Decktor D, Rao V, Pavlov A, Klearman M, Musselman D, Giles J, Bathon J, Sattar N, Lee J, Baxter D, McLaren JS, Gordon MM, Thant KZ, Williams EL, Earl S, White P, Williams J, Westlake SL, Ledingham J, Jan AK, Bhatti AI, Stafford C, Carolan M, Ramakrishnan SA. Muscle disorders * 111. The impact of fatigue in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: a mixed method study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Kamperidis P, Kamalati T, Ferrari M, Jones M, Garrood T, Smith MD, Diez-Posada S, Hughes C, Finucane C, Mather S, Nissim A, George AJT, Pitzalis C. Development of a novel recombinant biotherapeutic with applications in targeted therapy of human arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 63:3758-67. [PMID: 21953304 DOI: 10.1002/art.30650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To isolate recombinant antibodies with specificity for human arthritic synovium and to develop targeting reagents with joint-specific delivery capacity for therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications. METHODS In vivo single-chain Fv (scFv) antibody phage display screening using a human synovial xenograft model was used to isolate antibodies specific to the microvasculature of human arthritic synovium. Single-chain Fv antibody tissue-specific reactivity was assessed by immunostaining of synovial tissues from normal controls and from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, normal human tissue arrays, and tissues from other patients with inflammatory diseases displaying neovasculogenesis. In vivo scFv antibody tissue-specific targeting capacity was examined in the human synovial xenograft model using both (125)I-labeled and biotinylated antibody. RESULTS We isolated a novel recombinant human antibody, scFv A7, with specificity for the microvasculature of human arthritic synovium. We showed that in vivo, this antibody could efficiently target human synovial microvasculature in SCID mice transplanted with human arthritic synovial xenografts. Our results demonstrated that scFv A7 antibody had no reactivity with the microvasculature or with other cellular components found in a comprehensive range of normal human tissues including normal human synovium. Further, we showed that the reactivity of the scFv A7 antibody was not a common feature of neovasculogenesis associated with chronic inflammatory conditions. CONCLUSION Here we report for the first time the identification of an scFv antibody, A7, that specifically recognizes an epitope expressed in the microvasculature of human arthritic synovium and that has the potential to be developed as a joint-specific pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kamperidis
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Tolhurst RS, Thomas RS, Kyle FJ, Patel H, Periyasamy M, Photiou A, Thiruchelvam PTR, Lai CF, Al-Sabbagh M, Fisher RA, Barry S, Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Martin LA, Dowsett M, Charles Coombes R, Kamalati T, Ali S, Buluwela L. Transient over-expression of estrogen receptor-α in breast cancer cells promotes cell survival and estrogen-independent growth. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 128:357-68. [PMID: 20730598 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-1122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-α (ERα) positive breast cancer frequently responds to inhibitors of ERα activity, such as tamoxifen, and/or to aromatase inhibitors that block estrogen biosynthesis. However, many patients become resistant to these agents through mechanisms that remain unclear. Previous studies have shown that expression of ERα in ERα-negative breast cancer cell lines frequently inhibits their growth. In order to determine the consequence of ERα over-expression in ERα-positive breast cancer cells, we over-expressed ERα in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using adenovirus gene transduction. ERα over-expression led to ligand-independent expression of the estrogen-regulated genes pS2 and PR and growth in the absence of estrogen. Interestingly, prolonged culturing of these cells in estrogen-free conditions led to the outgrowth of cells capable of growth in cultures from ERα transduced, but not in control cultures. From these cultures a line, MLET5, was established which remained ERα-positive, but grew in an estrogen-independent manner. Moreover, MLET5 cells were inhibited by anti-estrogens showing that ERα remains important for their growth. Gene expression microarray analysis comparing MCF-7 cells with MLET5 highlighted apoptosis as a major functional grouping that is altered in MLET5 cells, such that cell survival would be favoured. This conclusion was further substantiated by the demonstration that MLET5 show resistance to etoposide-induced apoptosis. As the gene expression microarray analysis also shows that the apoptosis gene set differentially expressed in MLET5 is enriched for estrogen-regulated genes, our findings suggest that transient over-expression of ERα could lead to increased cell survival and the development of estrogen-independent growth, thereby contributing to resistance to endocrine therapies in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Tolhurst
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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11
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Buluwela L, Kamalati T, Photiou A, Heathcote DA, Jones MD, Ali S. A simple laboratory practical to illustrate RNA mediated gene interference using drosophila cell culture. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2010; 38:393-399. [PMID: 21567868 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
RNA mediated gene interference (RNAi) is now a key tool in eukaryotic cell and molecular biology research. This article describes a five session laboratory practical, spread over a seven day period, to introduce and illustrate the technique. During the exercise, students working in small groups purify PCR products that encode in vitro transcription promoters fused to sequences from Drosophila genes of the Rho/Rac GTPase family. These DNA templates are then used to synthesize double stranded RNAs (dsRNA), which are subsequently used to transfect Drosophila Kc embryonic cells. The resulting RNAi produces simple cellular phenotypes that are observed following fluorescent histochemical staining. These phenotypes are ultimately related to gene ontology data that the students generate through a bioinformatic analysis of the sequences transcribed into dsRNA. Taken together, this laboratory exercise provides "hands on" experience of RNAi in a class setting and provides a framework for the in-depth discussion of how this technique can be applied to studies of gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laki Buluwela
- Department of Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, Du Cane road, London W12 0NN United Kingdom.
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12
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Hu JC, Booth MJ, Tripuraneni G, Davies D, Zaidi SAA, Tamburo de Bella M, Slade MJ, Marley SB, Gordon MYA, Coffin RS, Coombes RC, Kamalati T. A Novel HSV-1 Virus, JS1/34.5−/47−, Purges Contaminating Breast Cancer Cells From Bone Marrow. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6853-62. [PMID: 17121907 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) vectors show considerable promise as agents for cancer therapy. We have developed a novel recombinant HSV-1 virus (JS1/34.5-/47-) for purging of occult breast cancer cells from bone marrow of patients. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of this oncolytic virus. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Electron microscopy was used to determine whether human breast cancer and bone marrow cells are permissive for JS1/34.5-/47- infection. Subsequently, the biological effects of JS1/34.5-/47- infection on human breast cancer cells and bone marrow were established using cell proliferation and colony formation assays, and the efficiency of cell kill was evaluated. Finally, the efficiency of JS1/34.5-/47- purging of breast cancer cells was examined in cocultures of breast cancer cells with bone marrow as well as bone marrow samples from high-risk breast cancer patients. RESULTS We show effective killing of human breast cancer cell lines with the JS1/34.5-/47- virus. Furthermore, we show that treatment with JS1/34.5-/47- can significantly inhibit the growth of breast cancer cell lines without affecting cocultured mononuclear hematopoietic cells. Finally, we have found that the virus is effective in destroying disseminated tumors cells in bone marrow taken from breast cancer patients, without affecting the hematopoietic contents in these samples. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data show that the JS1/34.5-/47- virus can selectively target breast cancer cells while sparing hematopoietic cells, suggesting that JS1/34.5-/47- can be used to purge contaminating breast cancer cells from human bone marrow in the setting of autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Hu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Cell Biology Section, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, University College London, UK
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Lopez-Garcia J, Periyasamy M, Thomas RS, Christian M, Leao M, Jat P, Kindle KB, Heery DM, Parker MG, Buluwela L, Kamalati T, Ali S. ZNF366 is an estrogen receptor corepressor that acts through CtBP and histone deacetylases. Nucleic Acids Res 2006; 34:6126-36. [PMID: 17085477 PMCID: PMC1693901 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkl875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of gene expression by estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) requires the coordinated and temporal recruitment of diverse sets of transcriptional co-regulator complexes, which mediate nucleosome remodelling and histone modification. Using ERalpha as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen, we have identified a novel ERalpha-interacting protein, ZNF366, which is a potent corepressor of ERalpha activity. The interaction between ZNF366 and ERalpha has been confirmed in vitro and in vivo, and is mediated by the zinc finger domains of the two proteins. Further, we show that ZNF366 acts as a corepressor by interacting with other known ERalpha corepressors, namely RIP140 and CtBP, to inhibit expression of estrogen-responsive genes in vivo. Together, our results indicate that ZNF366 may play an important role in regulating the expression of genes in response to estrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Manikandan Periyasamy
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ross S. Thomas
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Maria Leao
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
| | - Parmjit Jat
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Karin B. Kindle
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David M. Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Malcolm G. Parker
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lakjaya Buluwela
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Tahereh Kamalati
- Department of Oncology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College LondonDu Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University College London Branch91 Riding House Street, London W1W 7BS, UK
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College LondonQueen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of NottinghamUniversity Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Simak Ali
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 20 8383 3789; Fax: +44 20 8383 5830;
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Buluwela L, Pike J, Mazhar D, Kamalati T, Hart SM, Al-Jehani R, Yahaya H, Patel N, Sarwar N, Sarwarl N, Heathcote DA, Schwickerath O, Phoenix F, Hill R, Aboagye E, Shousha S, Waxman J, Lemoine NR, Zelent A, Coombes RC, Ali S. Inhibiting estrogen responses in breast cancer cells using a fusion protein encoding estrogen receptor-alpha and the transcriptional repressor PLZF. Gene Ther 2005; 12:452-60. [PMID: 15647773 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that acts to regulate gene expression by binding to palindromic DNA sequence, known as the estrogen response element, in promoters of estrogen-regulated genes. In breast cancer ERalpha plays a central role, where estrogen-regulated gene expression leads to tumor initiation, growth and survival. As an approach to silencing estrogen-regulated genes, we have studied the activities of a fusion protein between ERalpha and the promyelocytic leukemia zinc-finger (PLZF) protein, a transcriptional repressor that acts through chromatin remodeling. To do this, we have developed lines from the estrogen-responsive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line in which the expression of the fusion protein PLZF-ERalpha is conditionally regulated by tetracycline and shows that these feature long-term silencing of the expression of several well-characterized estrogen-regulated genes, namely pS2, cathepsin-D and the progesterone receptor. However, the estrogen-regulated growth of these cells is not inhibited unless PLZF-ERalpha expression is induced, an observation that we have confirmed both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results show that PLZF-ERalpha is a potent repressor of estrogen-regulated gene expression and could be useful in distinguishing estrogen-regulated genes required for the growth of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Buluwela
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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15
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Buluwela L, Pike J, Mazhar D, Kamalati T, Hart SM, Al-Jehani R, Yahaya H, Patel N, Sarwarl N, Heathcote DA, Schwickerath O, Phoenix F, Hill R, Aboagye E, Shousha S, Waxman J, Lemoine NR, Zelent A, Coombes RC, Ali S. Erratum: Inhibiting estrogen responses in breast cancer cells using a fusion protein encoding estrogen receptor-α and the transcriptional repressor PLZF. Gene Ther 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pike J, Holmes D, Kamalati T, Davies D, Tolhurst R, Mazhar D, Fishpool S, al-Jehani R, Waxman J, Zelent A, Lemoine NR, Ali S, Buluwela L. Silencing of androgen-regulated genes using a fusion of AR with the PLZF transcriptional repressor. Oncogene 2004; 23:7561-70. [PMID: 15334066 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays a key role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Current therapies include the use of antiandrogens aimed at inhibiting the transcriptional activation of AR-regulated genes by AR. Here, we explore a strategy aimed at obtaining silencing of AR-regulated genes, based on the properties of the transcriptional repressor promyelocytic leukamia zinc-finger protein (PLZF). In order to do this, we have made a fusion protein between PLZF and AR, named PLZF-AR, and show that PLZF-AR is able to bring about silencing of genomically encoded AR-regulated genes and inhibit the androgen-regulated growth of LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Together, our results show that this strategy is able to bring about potent repression of AR-regulated responses and, therefore, could be of value in the development of new therapies for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pike
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, W12 0NN, UK
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Hu JC, Hallden G, Shorrock C, Simpson G, Coffin R, Kamalati T, Coombes C. Combination of a second generation genetically modified herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) with paclitaxel in the treatment of breast cancer in vitro. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Hu
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - G. Hallden
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - C. Shorrock
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - G. Simpson
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - R. Coffin
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - T. Kamalati
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - C. Coombes
- Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom; BioVex Limited, Abingdon, Oxon, United Kingdom
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Islam TA, Patel A, Kaisary AV, Mondragon A, Waxman J, Kamalati T. In vitro deregulation of markers characteristic of human prostate epithelial cells. Tissue Cell 2004; 36:107-13. [PMID: 15041412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2003.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2003] [Revised: 09/22/2003] [Accepted: 10/08/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have screened primary cultures of human prostate for the expression of markers reported to be characteristic of specific cell lineages in vivo, in order to ascertain whether human prostate cells in vitro maintain and reflect their in vivo differentiated phenotypes and to evaluate the homogeneity of the populations of cells that can be derived from this tissue. Using single and dual stain immunofluorescent microscopy to analyse very early organoid and subsequently derived monolayer stage cultures, we have observed that expression of markers characteristic of human prostate epithelial cells in vivo is deregulated within 48h, indicating that dissociation of human prostate tissue and cultivation of prostate epithelial cells in culture can result in promiscuous expression of cell type specific markers of prostate epithelial cells. These observations have important implications for studies of cell lineage and differentiation of prostate cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarin A Islam
- Cancer Cell Biology Section, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, 5th floor, Cyclotron Building, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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Kamalati T, Jolin HE, Fry MJ, Crompton MR. Expression of the BRK tyrosine kinase in mammary epithelial cells enhances the coupling of EGF signalling to PI 3-kinase and Akt, via erbB3 phosphorylation. Oncogene 2000; 19:5471-6. [PMID: 11114724 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A high proportion of human breast cancers, in contrast with normal mammary tissue, express the intracellular tyrosine kinase BRK. BRK expression enhances the mitogenic response of mammary epithelial cells to epidermal growth factor, and conferment of a proliferative advantage through this mechanism may account for the frequent elevation of BRK expression in tumours. Here we report that BRK expression in mammary epithelial cells, at pathologically relevant levels, results in an enhanced phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor-related receptor erbB3 in response to epidermal growth factor. As a consequence, erbB3 recruits increased levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and this is associated with a potentiated activation of Akt. This effect of BRK on the regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and Akt activity may account for BRK's ability to enhance mammary cell mitogenesis, and raises the possibility that breast tumours expressing BRK may acquire a resistance to pro-apoptotic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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20
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Abstract
HGF/SF is a multifunctional cytokine which through binding to its cellular receptor, c-MET, can elicit mitogenic, morphogenic and motogenic responses in target cells. Expression of HGF/SF and c-MET has been shown to be critical in early embryogenesis affecting development of many organs and tissues. The effects of HGF/SF4 on established human and mouse mammary cell lines have previously been reported. This review describes the source and targets for HGF/SF in both human and mouse mammary tissue and discusses the effects of HGF/SF on primary mouse and human mammary epithelial cells in vitro, detailing the individual response of the two epithelial sub-population of cells which comprise this organ. Additionally, the effects of HGF/SF overexpression on mouse mammary gland development in vivo, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.
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21
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22
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Kamalati T, Davies D, Titley J, Crompton MR. Functional consequences of cyclin D1 overexpression in human mammary luminal epithelial cells. Clin Exp Metastasis 1998; 16:415-26. [PMID: 10091937 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006529407652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation of eukaryotic cells is primarily regulated by a decision made during the G1 phase of the cell cycle as to remain in the cycle and divide, or to withdraw from the cycle and adopt a different cell fate. During this time, environmental signals, which regulate the synthesis of the G1 cyclins, are coupled to cell division. In this context, mammalian D-type cyclins have been shown to control progression through the G1 phase of the mammalian cell cycle. Specifically, cyclin D1 has been reported frequently to be amplified, over-transcribed and overexpressed in human breast carcinomas. Although the effects of cyclin D1 overexpression have been examined in human breast carcinoma cell lines, the biological consequences of cyclin D1 expression in normal human mammary epithelial cells remain to be elucidated. In this study we have stably over expressed cyclin D1 in human mammary luminal epithelial cells in order to more directly address the role of cyclin D1 in cell cycle control and tumorigenesis of the human breast. Here, we demonstrate that the effect of cyclin D1 overexpression in these cells is to reduce their growth factor dependency, as well as shorten the duration of G1 and correspondingly reduce the mean generation time. Collectively, our data indicate that deregulation of cyclin D1 expression in human mammary epithelial cells can provide a growth advantage and hence contribute to the oncogenic potential of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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23
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Yant J, Buluwela L, Niranjan B, Gusterson B, Kamalati T. In vivo effects of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor on mouse mammary gland development. Exp Cell Res 1998; 241:476-81. [PMID: 9637789 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1998.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated the regulated expression of HGF/SF and its receptor (c-met) during mouse mammary gland development together with the mitogenic, motogenic and morphogenic effects of exogenous HGF/SF on primary mammary epithelial cells in culture. This study was undertaken to analyze the influence of HGF/SF on reconstituted mouse mammary gland development in vivo. Here we report that overexpression of HGF/SF induces a range of alterations in the architecture of virgin mouse mammary gland. These include an enhancement of ductal end bud (mammary gland morphoregulatory control point) size and numbers and hyperplastic branching morphogenesis. These data are the first demonstration of the effects of HGF/SF on mammary epithelium in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yant
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
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24
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Yu RC, Kolettas E, Kamalati T, Chu A, Buluwela L. Stable expression of CD1a molecule in human epithelial cell lines shows temperature-dependent expression and affects cell morphology and growth. Arch Dermatol Res 1997; 289:352-9. [PMID: 9209682 DOI: 10.1007/s004030050204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The human CD1a molecule is a transmembrane protein which shares structural similarities with HLA class I molecules. It has restricted tissue distribution in normal individuals, and is a useful diagnostic marker for certain disease states such as Langerhans cell histiocytosis. In order to investigate the function of this molecule, a cDNA fragment encoding the CD1a molecule was cloned into several EUKARYOTIC expression vectors which were then used to establish human epithelial cell lines stably expressing the membrane-bound CD1a molecule. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and epithelial cells (HeLa) stably expressing CD1a were established by retroviral-mediated gene transfer and DNA transfection, respectively. Expression and localization of the CD1A molecule were then confirmed by Northern blot analysis and immunofluorescence methods. CD1a expression appears to have profound effects on cellular growth and morphology. Both stably CD1a-expressing HeLa and HaCaT cells showed increased doubling times, and up to 20% of CD1a-expressing cells showed altered cell morphology. Clonogenicity experiments demonstrated a reduction in colony size and plating efficiency was augmented in CD1a-positive cells when compared with vector-transfected/infected controls. Our findings suggest that CD1A expression may act as a negative growth regulator in these cells in vitro. Furthermore, lower temperatures greatly enhanced the expression of CD1a at both the protein and mRNA levels in a time-dependent fashion. Since the physiological skin temperatures lie well below the core temperature, this observation may have important implications in the study of Langerhans cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Yu
- Unit of Dermatology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, UK
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25
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Clark AJ, Iwobi M, Cui W, Crompton M, Harold G, Hobbs S, Kamalati T, Knox R, Neil C, Yull F, Gusterson B. Selective cell ablation in transgenic mice expression E. coli nitroreductase. Gene Ther 1997; 4:101-10. [PMID: 9081700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3300367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding E. coli nitroreductase (NTR) was expressed in the luminal cells of the mammary gland of transgenic mice using the ovine beta-lactoglobulin promoter. Treatment of NTR expressing animals with the prodrug CB1954 (5-aziridin-1-yl-2-4-dinitrobenzamide) resulted in a rapid and selective killing of this population of cells whereas the closely associated myoepithelial cells were unaffected. NTR-mediated inducible cell ablation offers a number of advantages over the use of HSV1-tk for the selective killing of cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Clark
- Division of Molecular Biology, Roslin Institute, Roslin, UK
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26
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Kamalati T, Jolin HE, Mitchell PJ, Barker KT, Jackson LE, Dean CJ, Page MJ, Gusterson BA, Crompton MR. Brk, a breast tumor-derived non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase, sensitizes mammary epithelial cells to epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:30956-63. [PMID: 8940083 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.48.30956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
brk (breast tumor kinase) shows homology to the src family of non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinases and is expressed in breast carcinomas. In order to investigate the role of brk in breast tumor development, we have examined the growth and transformation properties of human mammary epithelial cells engineered to overexpress Brk. Interestingly, like c-Src, overexpression of Brk leads to sensitization to EGF, and also results in a partially transformed phenotype. Further investigation of the latter activity was attempted by mutational analysis, targeting key residues known to affect tyrosine kinase activity in Src-like kinases. Mutation of amino acid residue Lys-219 to Met, by analogy to Src, abolished both kinase activity and transformation capacity. Mutation of amino acid residue Tyr-447 to Phe, however, resulted in a decrease in transforming potential without affecting kinase activity. These results suggest that while Src and Brk share some functional properties, they act differently during transformation. These differences are discussed in the context of the mechanisms underlying breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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28
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Niranjan B, Buluwela L, Yant J, Perusinghe N, Atherton A, Phippard D, Dale T, Gusterson B, Kamalati T. HGF/SF: a potent cytokine for mammary growth, morphogenesis and development. Development 1995; 121:2897-908. [PMID: 7555716 DOI: 10.1242/dev.121.9.2897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland is a renewing tissue in which morphogenetic processes and differentiation occur cyclically during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation. These events have been shown to be dependent upon epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Studies of the effects of individual factors, their cellular source and their target cell populations in the different developmental stages of the mammary gland are greatly facilitated by the accessibility of this organ and the application of new techniques that allow purification of the major epithelial and stromal components of this tissue. Here we demonstrate that HGF/SF and its cellular receptor, c-met, are expressed and regulated temporally during mouse mammary development and differentiation. We show that human and mouse mammary fibroblasts produce HGF/SF and that HGF/SF is not only mitogenic but morphogenic and motogenic for both human and mouse mammary epithelial cells. We have found that human luminal and myoepithelial cells express c-met differentially and that HGF/SF has different effects on these two mammary epithelial cell populations. HGF/SF is mitogenic for luminal cells but not myoepithelial cells, and morphogenic to myoepithelial cells but not luminal cells. This is discussed in the context of the proliferative compartments in the normal mammary gland and the potential role of the myoepithelial cells to act as the skeleton for ductal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Niranjan
- Division of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey, UK
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29
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Barker KT, Martindale JE, Mitchell PJ, Kamalati T, Page MJ, Phippard DJ, Dale TC, Gusterson BA, Crompton MR. Expression patterns of the novel receptor-like tyrosine kinase, DDR, in human breast tumours. Oncogene 1995; 10:569-75. [PMID: 7845682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction based differential screening procedure, we have identified the discoidin domain receptor as a protein tyrosine kinase that is expressed in lymph nodes containing breast tumour metastases. By Northern blotting and in situ hybridisation we have demonstrated the expression of the discoidin domain receptor in human primary breast tumour samples, metastasis-containing lymph nodes and a number of normal tissues. Direct comparison of malignant breast and adjacent normal epithelial tissue revealed over expression in the tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T Barker
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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30
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Mitchell PJ, Barker KT, Martindale JE, Kamalati T, Lowe PN, Page MJ, Gusterson BA, Crompton MR. Cloning and characterisation of cDNAs encoding a novel non-receptor tyrosine kinase, brk, expressed in human breast tumours. Oncogene 1994; 9:2383-90. [PMID: 8036022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a polymerase chain reaction based differential screening approach, we have isolated and characterised a cDNA from a human metastatic breast tumour representing a novel protein tyrosine kinase (brk). Sequencing of brk cDNAs isolated from T-47D and MCF-7 human breast tumour cell lines indicate that they encode a protein with the features of a novel nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, including amino terminal SH3 and SH2 domains. When synthesised in recombinant baculovirus and bacterial expression systems, brk protein products are capable of autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues. Initial expression studies have detected low levels of brk transcripts in some human breast tumours and breast tumour cell lines, but not in normal breast tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Mitchell
- Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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31
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Muir JD, Khan IM, Kamalati T, Buluwela L. Identification and characterisation of a novel gene expressed in human keratinocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1994; 22:183S. [PMID: 7958248 DOI: 10.1042/bst022183s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J D Muir
- Department of Biochemistry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, University of London, England
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32
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Khan IM, Fisher RA, Johnson KJ, Bailey ME, Siciliano MJ, Kessling AM, Farrer M, Carritt B, Kamalati T, Buluwela L. The SON gene encodes a conserved DNA binding protein mapping to human chromosome 21. Ann Hum Genet 1994; 58:25-34. [PMID: 8031013 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1994.tb00723.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We report the identification and characterization of a clone for the DNA binding protein SON, which we have isolated from a human keratinocyte cDNA library. Using this clone we have found that the SON gene is expressed in different cell types and that homologous sequences can be detected in vertebrate and insect genomic DNA. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify SON sequences from a panel of somatic cell hybrids we have assigned the gene encoding human SON to chromosome 21. By use of hybrids containing regions of chromosome 21 the localization has been refined to 21q 22.1-q22.2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, University of London
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33
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Kamalati T, Thirunavukarasu B, Buluwela L. In vitro regulation of HGF/SF expression. Symp Soc Exp Biol 1993; 47:215-226. [PMID: 8165566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Studies of parameters which affect cellular proliferation, cellular differentiation and cell-cell interactions influencing cell behaviour are of particular interest. They can be used to identify and characterise molecules which, through changes in gene expression, induce or inhibit cell proliferation, differentiation and movement. Such studies are crucial, not only in the context of understanding growth and development, but also in understanding the processes of wound-healing and regeneration, tumour invasion and metastasis. Here we present a summary of some cell culture models which we have developed for the study of the above-mentioned phenomena, together with their application to studies of the regulation of HGF/SF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow laboratories, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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34
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Khan IM, Malcolm AD, Kamalati T, Buluwela L. Protein-DNA interactions and a putative papillomavirus binding factor. Biochem Soc Trans 1992; 20:212S. [PMID: 1327912 DOI: 10.1042/bst020212s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I M Khan
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, University of London, UK
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35
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Kamalati T, Thirunavukarasu B, Wallace A, Holder N, Brooks R, Nakamura T, Stoker M, Gherardi E, Buluwela L. Down-regulation of scatter factor in MRC 5 fibroblasts by epithelial-derived cells. A model for scatter factor modulation. J Cell Sci 1992; 101 ( Pt 2):323-32. [PMID: 1385817 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.101.2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Scatter factor/hepatocyte growth factor (SF/HGF) is a multifunctional cytokine produced by embryonic fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cells that affects the growth and/or the movement of certain epithelia. Here we report that expression of scatter factor activity by MRC 5 cells, a strain of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts, is greatly reduced as a result of co-culture of these cells with SVK14, an SV40-transformed human keratinocyte cell line. Using a cDNA probe to the beta chain of human HGF, we have found that the fall in SF activity in MRC 5/SVK14 co-cultures is accompanied by the loss of SF/HGF transcripts. As the inhibition of SF activity coincides with the disappearance of SF/HGF transcript, we conclude that inhibition of the SF activity expressed by MRC 5 cells by co-culture with SVK14 involves transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College London, Strand, UK
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36
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Omar C, Kamlin F, Parry GC, Rahman K, Malcolm AD, Kamalati T, Buluwela L. Mammalian expression constructs based on the Rous sarcoma virus LTR in high yield plasmids. Biochem Soc Trans 1991; 19:139S. [PMID: 1653721 DOI: 10.1042/bst019139s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, University of London, UK
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37
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Holder N, Clarke JD, Kamalati T, Lane EB. Heterogeneity in spinal radial glia demonstrated by intermediate filament expression and HRP labelling. J Neurocytol 1990; 19:915-28. [PMID: 1705577 DOI: 10.1007/bf01186819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates that radial glial cells play an active role in guiding growing neurites during development of the vertebrate CNS. In this paper we describe subpopulations of radial glial in the spinal cord of the axolotl. Amphibians maintain radial glia throughout life, and subpopulations are described using anatomical criteria following filling of individual cells with horseradish peroxidase and immunocytochemical staining with a range of intermediate filament antibodies. Radial glial cells in specific regions of the spinal cord stain with a range of antibodies specific to human keratins 8 and 18, and to glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP). Some of these antibodies show selective localized to specific regions of individual glial cell processes. Immunoblotting analysis indicates that two keratins are present in the axolotl CNS corresponding to the two earliest embryonic keratins of vertebrates, keratin 8 and 18. Comparisons of molecular weight indicate that these may correspond to keratins identified in Xenopus laevis, the genes of which have been cloned. Axolotl GFAP is also identified in Western blots and may be present in two forms of differing molecular weight. These results are discussed in terms of the likely role of radial glial cells, and comparisons are drawn between the keratin and GFAP types seen in the axolotl spinal cord and of those in other vertebrate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Holder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, King's College London, UK
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38
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Kamalati T, McIvor Z, Howard M, Green MR, Brooks RF. Expression of markers of differentiation in a transformed human keratinocyte line induced by coculture with a fibroblast line. Exp Cell Res 1989; 185:453-63. [PMID: 2480909 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(89)90314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
SVK14, an SV40-transformed human keratinocyte line, has previously been reported to be almost completely unable to differentiate, and indeed, to express a set of keratins characteristic of simple epithelia rather than the stratifying epithelium from which they were derived. We have recently shown that IGF I stimulation of SVK14 results in expression of keratin 14, a marker of stratifying epithelia, as well as expression of markers which are characteristic of differentiation in normal human keratinocytes such as involucrin and keratin 10. To study further the capacity of SVK14 to differentiate, we have cocultured SVK14 with a variety of fibroblastic cell lines with a view to examining whether the cocultured partner can promote or interfere with their differentiation. We have observed that SVK14, when cocultured with Swiss 3T3, form organized structures through specific cell-cell interactions in which SVK14 express keratins 14 and 5 and involucrin, while maintaining T-antigen expression. These results are interesting since they show coculturing of a transformed human keratinocyte cell line and a particular fibroblast line can result in induction of characteristics of stratifying epithelia in a cell line with characteristics of simple epithelia. This may be analogous to the epithelial-mesenchymal interactions seen during epithelial development in the very early embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, Kings College London, United Kingdom
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39
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Abstract
A comparison of normal epithelial cells with their transformed counterparts could lead to the definition of parameters related to growth and differentiation which are altered by viral transformation and which may be relevant to malignant changes in vivo. Using the SV40-transformed human keratinocyte line, SVK14, which exhibits characteristics of simple, nonkeratinizing epithelia, we have shown that IGF I stimulation of these cells results in extensive multilayering, increased cell size, accumulation of involucrin, modulation of keratin 18 and expression of keratins 14 and 10, whilst T-antigen expression is maintained in the multilayered cells. Since T-antigen expression is correlated directly with impairment of stratification and differentiation, it is interesting that treatment of SVK14 with a single growth factor. IGF I, results in molecular events characteristic of differentiating normal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kamalati
- Department of Anatomy and Human Biology, Kings College London, Strand, UK
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