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Matsui S, Goto T, Tsubouchi Y, Hirakawa S, Suetake H, Miyadai T, Nakamura O, Tasumi S, Tsutsui S. D-mannose-specific Immunoglobulin M in Grass Puffer (Takifugu niphobles), a Nonhost Fish of a Monogenean Ectoparasite Heterobothrium okamotoi, Can Act as a Trigger for its Parasitism. J Parasitol 2020; 106:276-282. [PMID: 32294759 DOI: 10.1645/19-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterobothrium okamotoi, a monogenean gill parasite, exhibits high host specificity for the tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, and it has been experimentally verified that the parasite cannot colonize either closely related species such as the grass puffer Takifugu niphobles or distantly related fish such as the red seabream Pagrus major. Previously, we demonstrated in T. rubripes that immunoglobulin M (IgM) with d-mannose affinity induced deciliation of the oncomiracidia, the first step of parasitism, indicating that the parasite utilizes the molecule as a receptor for infection. In the present study, we purified mannose-specific IgM from 2 nonhost species, T. niphobles and P. major, by affinity and gel-filtration chromatography techniques and compared their deciliation-inducing activity against H. okamotoi oncomiracidia. The IgM of the former showed activity, whereas the latter had no effect, suggesting that in addition to d-mannose-binding ability, the crystallizable fragment domain of IgM, which is not part of the antigen-binding domain, plays an important role in host recognition by the oncomiracidia, such as direct binding to the parasites. It also suggests that the host specificity of H. okamotoi is relatively low upon initial recognition, and the specificity is established by exclusion in nonhosts during a later stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Matsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Goto
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yura Tsubouchi
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Sachi Hirakawa
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakamura
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tasumi
- Fisheries Laboratory, The University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-0214, Japan.,Current address: Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
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Maeda T, Suetake H, Odaka T, Miyadai T. Original Ligand for LTβR Is LIGHT: Insight into Evolution of the LT/LTβR System. J Immunol 2018; 201:202-214. [PMID: 29769272 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The lymphotoxin (LT)/LTβ receptor (LTβR) axis is crucial for the regulation of immune responses and development of lymphoid tissues in mammals. Despite the importance of this pathway, the existence and function of LT and LTβR remain obscure for nonmammalian species. In this study, we report a nonmammalian LTβR and its ligand. We demonstrate that TNF-New (TNFN), which has been considered orthologous to mammalian LT, was expressed on the cell surface as a homomer in vitro. This different protein structure indicates that TNFN is not orthologous to mammalian LTα and LTβ. Additionally, we found that LTβR was conserved in teleosts, but the soluble form of recombinant fugu LTβR did not bind to membrane TNFN under the circumstance tested. Conversely, the LTβR recombinant bound to another ligand, LIGHT, similar to that of mammals. These findings indicate that teleost LTβR is originally a LIGHT receptor. In the cytoplasmic region of fugu LTβR, recombinant fugu LTβR bound to the adaptor protein TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) 2, but little to TRAF3. This difference suggests that teleost LTβR could potentially activate the classical NF-κB pathway with a novel binding domain, but would have little ability to activate an alternative one. Collectively, our results suggested that LIGHT was the original ligand for LTβR, and that the teleost immune system lacked the LT/LTβR pathway. Acquisition of the LT ligand and TRAF binding domain after lobe-finned fish may have facilitated the sophistication of the immune system and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Maeda
- Graduate School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; and
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Odaka
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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Abstract
Recently, mammalian basophils have been highlighted as having roles in allergy and antiparasitic immunity; however, there is little information about the functions and evolutionary origin of basophils, because they are the least abundant leukocyte in most vertebrates. In this study, we characterized the teleost basophils that are abundant in the peripheral blood of fugu (Takifugu rubripes). Fugu basophils have two distinct granules: reddish-purple and dark violet ones. Teleost fish do not have IgG and IgE, but we found that fugu IgM bound on the surface of the basophils, and the cross-linked IgM induced degranulation of both types of granules. This indicates that teleost basophils can be activated in an Ab-dependent manner. Furthermore, papain induced the degranulation of the reddish-purple granules, which contain histamine, and the released granules stimulated the migration of various leukocytes. In contrast, chitin elicited the degranulation of the dark violet granules, which resulted in CD4+ T cell-specific migration. Thus, fugu basophils control immune responses via two distinct Ab-independent mechanisms. In addition, fugu basophils endocytosed soluble Ag and expressed MHC class II and B7-H1/DC. These findings suggested that fugu basophils can interact with T cells as APCs. Thus, the Ab-dependent basophil activation predates the emergence of IgG and IgE, and fish basophils exhibit different dynamics and features of degranulation to distinct stimuli compared with mammalian basophils. Some features of teleost basophils are more similar to those of mammalian mast cells than to those of mammalian basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Odaka
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Tomoki Maeda
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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Igarashi K, Matsunaga R, Hirakawa S, Hosoya S, Suetake H, Kikuchi K, Suzuki Y, Nakamura O, Miyadai T, Tasumi S, Tsutsui S. Mucosal IgM Antibody with d-Mannose Affinity in FuguTakifugu rubripesIs Utilized by a Monogenean ParasiteHeterobothrium okamotoifor Host Recognition. J I 2017; 198:4107-4114. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Tsutsui S, Ariji T, Sato A, Yoshida T, Yamamura N, Odaka T, Araki K, Suetake H, Miyadai T, Nakamura O. Serum GlcNAc-binding IgM of fugu (Takifugu rubripes) suppresses the growth of fish pathogenic bacteria: a novel function of teleost antibody. Dev Comp Immunol 2013; 41:20-26. [PMID: 23562572 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) is one of the components of peptidoglycan, a biopolymer in the bacterial cell wall. We purified a novel GlcNAc-binding protein, designated as fGBP-78, from sera of fugu (Takifugu rubripes). The fGBP-78 is a heteromer of 78- and 25-kDa subunits. Moreover, fGBP-78 exerted remarkable inhibitory effects on the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including ones virulent for marine fish species as well as non-pathogenic Escherichia coli. These results suggest that fGBP-78 contributes to bacterial clearance in fugu. Furthermore, the nanoLC-MS/MS and Western blotting analyses reveal that the 78-kDa subunit is the fugu IgM heavy chain. In addition, the molecular mass of the other subunit (25 kDa) was equal to that of the Ig light chain. Overall, results indicate that fGBP-78 is an IgM molecule presumably acts as a natural antibody. This paper reports a novel function of teleost IgM as a significant suppresser against bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Tsutsui
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan.
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Kaneda M, Odaka T, Suetake H, Tahara D, Miyadai T. Teleost IL-6 promotes antibody production through STAT3 signaling via IL-6R and gp130. Dev Comp Immunol 2012; 38:224-231. [PMID: 22469658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Teleost IL-6 is upregulated after antigen stimulation; therefore, we hypothesized that fish IL-6 contributes to antibody production during immune responses against infections. To verify this hypothesis, we first cloned IL-6R and gp130 in fugu (Takifugu rubripes) in the present study. The membrane and soluble forms of IL-6R were identified by the identification of cDNA clones of IL-6R homologues. Three STAT3-docking sites were found in the intracellular region of fugu gp130. Expression analysis showed that fugu IL-6R and gp130 were expressed in mIgM(+) B cells, suggesting that fugu B cells are stimulated by IL-6. Recombinant fugu IL-6 (rfIL-6) increased the gene expression of secretory antibodies by mIgM(+) B cells in vitro. The rfIL-6 and soluble form of rfIL-6R activated STAT3 phosphorylation in the B cells and a cultured cell line transfected with fugu gp130. These results indicate that fugu IL-6 enhances antibody production in the B-cell lineage via gp130 and STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kaneda
- Faculty of Marine Biosciences, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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Kamiya T, Kai W, Tasumi S, Oka A, Matsunaga T, Mizuno N, Fujita M, Suetake H, Suzuki S, Hosoya S, Tohari S, Brenner S, Miyadai T, Venkatesh B, Suzuki Y, Kikuchi K. A trans-species missense SNP in Amhr2 is associated with sex determination in the tiger pufferfish, Takifugu rubripes (fugu). PLoS Genet 2012; 8:e1002798. [PMID: 22807687 PMCID: PMC3395601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogametic sex chromosomes have evolved independently in various lineages of vertebrates. Such sex chromosome pairs often contain nonrecombining regions, with one of the chromosomes harboring a master sex-determining (SD) gene. It is hypothesized that these sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of autosomes that diverged after acquiring the SD gene. By linkage and association mapping of the SD locus in fugu (Takifugu rubripes), we show that a SNP (C/G) in the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (Amhr2) gene is the only polymorphism associated with phenotypic sex. This SNP changes an amino acid (His/Asp384) in the kinase domain. While females are homozygous (His/His384), males are heterozygous. Sex in fugu is most likely determined by a combination of the two alleles of Amhr2. Consistent with this model, the medaka hotei mutant carrying a substitution in the kinase domain of Amhr2 causes a female phenotype. The association of the Amhr2 SNP with phenotypic sex is conserved in two other species of Takifugu but not in Tetraodon. The fugu SD locus shows no sign of recombination suppression between X and Y chromosomes. Thus, fugu sex chromosomes represent an unusual example of proto–sex chromosomes. Such undifferentiated X-Y chromosomes may be more common in vertebrates than previously thought. Diverse systems of sex determination have evolved independently in the animal and plant kingdoms. In vertebrates, so far four master sex-determining (SD) genes, Sry, Dmrt1, Dmy, and Dm-W, have been identified. These genes code for transcription factors and are located on only one of the sex chromosomes surrounded by nonrecombining regions. It is hypothesized that these sex chromosomes evolved from a pair of homologous chromosomes that diverged after acquiring the SD gene. We investigated the SD locus in fugu by high-resolution genetic mapping and association mapping. We found that a SNP that changes an amino acid (His/Asp384) in the kinase domain of anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type II (Amhr2) is perfectly associated with phenotypic sex. A combination of the two alleles of the SNP (homozygous females and heterozygous males) is likely to be responsible for sex determination in fugu. While these alleles are conserved in two other species of Takifugu, they are absent in the freshwater pufferfish, Tetraodon. Furthermore, Fugu Amhr2 lies in a region that shows no evidence for recombination suppression between X and Y chromosomes. Thus, fugu sex chromosomes represent an unusual example of a pre-differentiated phase of sex chromosomes in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kamiya
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Kai
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tasumi
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Oka
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Mizuno
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suetake
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, Minamiizu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Hosoya
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sumanty Tohari
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sydney Brenner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Toshiaki Miyadai
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuzuru Suzuki
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Fisheries Laboratory, University of Tokyo, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Odaka T, Tsutsui S, Sugamata R, Suetake H, Miyadai T, Suzuki Y, Watanabe T, Nakamura O. The plasmablast-like leukocyte in the kidney of fugu (Takifugu rubripes). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2011; 30:682-690. [PMID: 21216292 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In teleosts, the kidney is the major immune organ. From the kidney of fugu (Takifugu rubripes), we isolated a unique leukocyte population. This population shows properties similar to those of mammalian plasmablasts. First, adherent cells expressing IgM protein on their surface were obtained from the fugu kidney. Flow cytometry (FCM) showed that these cells were mainly composed of two cell populations: IgM+CD8α⁻ cells and IgM+CD8α+ cells. Further characterization of the IgM+CD8α⁻ population by RT-PCR demonstrated that the cells expressed secretory-type IgM as well as Bcl-6 and Blimp-1, developmental marker genes for the B cell lineage. Western blotting also showed that the cells secreted IgM protein. These results indicate that the IgM+CD8α⁻ cells are similar to cells at the plasmablast stage in mammals. This is the first report isolating plasmablast-like leukocytes in fish species. Our data also suggests that the teleosts kidney is a organ where B cells terminally differentiate into the plasma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Odaka
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sanriku, Ofunato, Iwate 022-0101, Japan.
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Ohtani M, Miyadai T. Functional analysis of fish BCL-6 and Blimp-1 in vitro: transcriptional repressors for B-cell terminal differentiation in fugu (Takifugu rubripes). Mol Immunol 2011; 48:818-25. [PMID: 21216469 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2008] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional repressors BCL-6 and Blimp-1 are key regulators of B-cell terminal differentiation in mammals. We have previously identified the BCL-6 gene and Blimp-1 gene in fugu (Takifugu rubripes). In the present report, we conducted a functional analysis of fugu BCL-6 and Blimp-1 by using a one-hybrid reporter assay with Gal4 fusion proteins and Gal4DBD luciferase reporter gene. Results from the reporter assays in mammalian cell lines (HeLa, HEK-293, CV-1 and NIH3T3) and the fish cell line EPC show that Gal4-BCL6 and Gal4-Blimp1 strongly repress the transcription of the luciferase gene in all cell lines. Furthermore, deletion analyses show that the N-terminal region of BCL-6 has transcriptional repression activity; the BTB/POZ domain is an especially potent repression domain. In contrast to BCL-6, although the N-acidic domain and PR domain are insufficient for repression, most functional motifs of Blimp-1 are associated with transcriptional repression. These results suggest that BCL-6 and Blimp-1 are functional transcriptional repressors in fugu and that they regulate B-cell terminal differentiation in fugu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ohtani
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-Chou, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
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Hashimoto E, Miyadai T, Ohtani M, Kitamura SI, Oh MJ. Proliferation of kuchijirosho causative agent in a fugu-derived cell line. J Fish Dis 2008; 31:443-449. [PMID: 18471100 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2008.00925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Kuchijirosho is a fatal disease of commercially cultured fugu, Takifugu rubripes. The transmissible nature of kuchijirosho strongly suggests that an infectious pathogen is the causative agent. Because it is filtrable, the agent is thought to be a virus; however, it has not yet been identified. The lack of a permissive cell line for the putative kuchijirosho-causing agent (KCA) has hindered research on the identification of this pathogen. We inoculated brain extract prepared from kuchijirosho-affected fugu onto an established fugu cell line, fugu eye, and observed that cytopathic effect appeared 7 days after inoculation. Injection of the culture medium of infected fugu eye cells into fugu resulted in the onset of kuchijirosho, indicating that fugu eye cells are able to proliferate KCA. An infectious fraction separated by sodium iottalamate density gradient centrifugation showed a density of 1.15 g mL(-1) equivalent to that of KCA derived from affected fugu brain. To determine whether the genome of KCA is RNA or DNA based, nucleotide synthesis inhibitors were applied to inoculated fugu eye cell line to influence the production of KCA. 5-Fluorouracil but not IUdR showed a concentration-dependent inhibition of KCA yield. These results suggest that KCA is an RNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Hashimoto
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Fukui, Japan
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Song JY, Kitamura SI, Jung SJ, Miyadai T, Tanaka S, Fukuda Y, Kim SR, Oh MJ. Genetic variation and geographic distribution of megalocytiviruses. J Microbiol 2008; 46:29-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s12275-007-0184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Nakayama A, Kurokawa Y, Harino H, Kawahara E, Miyadai T, Seikai T, Kawai S. Effects of tributyltin on the immune system of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquat Toxicol 2007; 83:126-33. [PMID: 17498819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 03/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Effects of tributyltin (TBT) which has been used for antifouling paint of ship's hulls and fishing nets on the immune system in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) were investigated. After short-term exposure to a high level of TBT, leucocytes in the head kidney from 1-year-old flounder were examined for the proportion of neutrophils in total leucocytes. Also examined were their respiratory burst activities using flow cytometry, the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and lysozyme activities. Furthermore, long-term exposures to a relatively low level of TBT using young flounder were also carried out. The proportion of neutrophils in total leucocytes prepared from head kidney in each fish exposed to TBT at 20 microg/L for 5 days and the reduction of NBT by leucocytes prepared from the same experimental conditions increase compared to the control group. The contents were 42.0+/-6.8 and 52.5+/-6.3%, respectively. Significant differences of the NBT reduction were observed between 0 and 20 microg/L TBT exposure groups. On the other hand, the respiratory burst activity of cells in the exposure group clearly showed a tendency to decrease compared to the control group. Furthermore, high level of TBT also inhibited lysozyme activity which plays an important role for the bacteriocidal procedures. However, similar results were not obtained in the exposure group with a relatively low level of TBT. To determine the immunotoxic effects of TBT, infection experiments using pathogens which are naturally occurring should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Nakayama
- Department of Human Environmental Science, Faculty of Human Sciences, Kobe College, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
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Oh MJ, Kitamura SI, Kim WS, Park MK, Jung SJ, Miyadai T, Ohtani M. Susceptibility of marine fish species to a megalocytivirus, turbot iridovirus, isolated from turbot, Psetta maximus (L.). J Fish Dis 2006; 29:415-21. [PMID: 16866925 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2006.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Turbot iridovirus (TBIV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, was isolated from diseased turbot, Psetta maximus (L.), in Korea in 2003. In this study, experimental infection of turbot, Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck & Schlegel), and rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel), with TBIV was performed to evaluate the viral susceptibility of these fish species. After virus exposure, the mortalities of turbot reared at 22 and 25 degrees C were 60% and 100%, respectively, suggesting that TBIV is the causative agent of the mass mortality of turbot that occurred in Korea in 2003. Moreover, TBIV was detected in Japanese flounder and rock bream by polymerase chain reaction after experimental infection (26 days post-inoculation) despite no viral pathogenicity in these fish, suggesting that these two fish species are also susceptible to the virus. It is possible that horizontal transmission of TBIV occurs among these three fish species because turbot is routinely cultured with Japanese flounder and rock bream in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, CNU, Chonnam, Korea
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Ohtani M, Miyadai T, Hiroishi S. B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) gene of torafugu (Takifugu rubripes). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2006; 20:409-13. [PMID: 16040253 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2005.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2005] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 04/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Homologous gene of B-lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1) of torafugu (Takifugu rubripes) was identified by tblast search analysis. RT-PCR and 5'RACE clearly defined the sequence of the UTR and coding region which has been ambiguously determined by tblast analysis. Fugu Blimp-1 was mainly expressed in the lymphoid organs. These finding imply that Blimp-1 would take a major role in the terminal differentiation of B-cells to plasma cells in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ohtani
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 49-8-2 Katsumi, Obama, Fukui, 917-0116, Japan
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Ohtani M, Miyadai T, Hiroishi S. Identification of genes encoding critical factors regulating B-cell terminal differentiation in torafugu (Takifugu rubripes). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics 2006; 1:109-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2005] [Revised: 10/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ohtani M, Miyadai T, Hiroishi S. Molecular cloning of the BCL-6 gene, a transcriptional repressor for B-cell differentiation, in torafugu (Takifugu rubripes). Mol Immunol 2005; 43:1047-53. [PMID: 16076494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2005.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-6 (BCL-6) is a transcriptional repressor that prevents the terminal differentiation of mature B-cells to plasma cells, and is essential for germinal center formation in the primary lymphoid organs of mammals. In this study, we identified the BCL-6 gene in torafugu (Takifugu rubripes) using the torafugu genome database, and analyzed the expression of BCL-6 mRNA in various tissues of torafugu, using RT-PCR. The BCL-6 gene consisted of eight exons and seven introns spanning a genome of ca. 3.3 kb. BCL-6 mRNA contained a 2112 bp open reading frame encoding 703 amino acids, with a predicted protein size of 78.8 kDa. The predicted torafugu BCL-6 primary structure contains two conserved specific motifs, the BTB/POZ domain at the N-terminus and the sixC2H2-type zinc finger motifs at the C-terminal region. The homology of torafugu BCL-6 to those of zebrafish (Danio rerio), Xenopus laevis, mouse (Mus musculus) and human (Homo sapiens) is 76, 59, 60 and 60%, respectively. RT-PCR analysis revealed that BCL-6 mRNA is highly expressed in pronephros, thymus, intestine, ovary, brain, nasal cavity and muscle. These results imply that torafugu BCL-6 is involved in regulation of B-cell differentiation in torafugu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ohtani
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Faculty of Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, 49-8-2 Katsumi, Obama, Fukui 917-0116, Japan
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17
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Miyadai T, Ootani M, Tahara D, Aoki M, Saitoh K. Monoclonal antibodies recognising serum immunoglobulins and surface immunoglobulin-positive cells of puffer fish, torafugu (Takifugu rubripes). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2004; 17:211-222. [PMID: 15276601 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Revised: 03/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin of the torafugu, Takifugu rubripes, was purified by a combination of precipitation by low ionic strength dialysis and gel filtration. The Ig was used to immunise mice for the production of monoclonal antibody (MAb). Supernatants of hybridoma cultures were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using purified-torafugu Ig-coated plates, and two stable hybridomas producing MAbs against torafugu Ig were obtained. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and Western blotting indicated that one MAb (16F3) was specific for the deglycosylated heavy chain of torafugu, and the other MAb (4H5) did not bind to the reduced Ig, suggesting that 4H5 recognised the higher-order structure of Ig. Under non-reduced conditions, both MAbs recognised mainly a 750 kDa band and also minor bands of 672, 410 and 205 kDa. MAb 16F3- and 4H5-primed magnetic beads (Dynabeads) adsorbed 84.9+/-3.3% and 63.6+/-4.4% of the torafugu Ig, respectively. The Ig adsorbed by MAb 16F3-primed Dynabeads was reactive to 4H5 on immunoblotting, and vice versa, indicating that the epitopes for both MAbs are held on the same Ig molecule. Both of these MAbs cross-reacted extensively with the Ig of other Takifugu species, but not with other genus. The MAbs were used to identify surface Ig-positive lymphocytes in the spleen, pronephros, peripheral blood and thymocytes of torafugu by flow cytometry. Flow cytometric analysis of the cells in the lymphocyte-enriched fraction revealed that 50.2+/-6.9% in the PBL, 11.8+/-1.7% in the mesonephros, 13.3+/-2.1% in the pronephros, 42.5+/-4.3% in the spleen and 3.2+/-0.6% in thymus were reactive to 4H5 or 16F3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Miyadai
- Research Center for Marine Bioresources, Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui 917-0116, Japan.
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18
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Miyadai T, Kitamura SI, Uwaoku H, Tahara D. Experimental infection of several fish species with the causative agent of Kuchijirosho (snout ulcer disease) derived from the tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. Dis Aquat Organ 2001; 47:193-199. [PMID: 11804418 DOI: 10.3354/dao047193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Kuchijirosho (snout ulcer disease) is a fatal epidemic disease which affects the tiger puffer, Takifugu rubripes, a commercial fish species in Japan and Korea. To assess the possibility that non-tiger puffer fish can serve as reservoirs of infection, 5 fish species were challenged by infection with the extracts of Kuchijirosho-affected brains from cultured tiger puffer: grass puffer T. niphobles, fine-patterned puffer T. poecilonotus, panther puffer T. pardalis, red sea bream Pagrus major, and black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli. When slightly irritated, all these species, especially the puffer fish, exhibited typical signs of Kuchijirosho, i.e., erratic swimming, biting together and bellying out (swelling of belly), as generally observed in tiger puffers affected by Kuchijirosho. Although the mortalities of the 2 non-puffer species were lower, injection of the extracts prepared from the brains of both inoculated fish into tiger puffer resulted in death, indicating that the inoculated fish used in this experiment have the potential to be infected with the Kuchijirosho agent. Condensations of nuclei or chromatin in the large nerve cells, which is a major characteristic of Kuchijirosho, were histopathologically observed to some extent in the brains of all kinds of puffer fish species infected. These findings suggest that the virus can spread horizontally among wild and cultured puffers and even among fishes belonging to different orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Miyadai
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Japan.
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19
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Abstract
Altered baby hamster kidney (BHK-R) cells, which were established by serial passage of BHK cells in the presence of Sendai virus (SeV), allowed vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to replicate despite treatment with type I interferon (IFN). We have analyzed here mechanisms of the unresponsiveness to IFN. BHK-R cells cultured in the absence of SeV for 10 days under the conditions of no cell division (BHK-R10D) became sensitive to IFN. Studies on induction of unresponsiveness to IFN in BHK-R10D cells revealed that entry of SeV nucleocapsids into a cell was essential. Interestingly, even UV-inactivated SeV but not Newcastle disease virus was found to be able to confer resistance to IFN on HeLa or BHK cells as well as on BHK-R10D cells, suggesting that the IFN-resistance resulted from functions of SeV independent of replication of the viral genome but not from mutations of the cellular genome. Furthermore immunofluorescent experiments demonstrated that UV-inactivated SeV could rescue VSV replication from the antiviral action of IFN without expression of SeV antigens, confirming that the secondary transcription resulting in synthesis of large amounts of viral proteins was dispensable for the IFN-resistance. Thus we have revealed a unique strategy of SeV against the antiviral action of IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yokoo
- Central Research Laboratories, Fukui Medical University, Japan
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20
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Fujimori A, Mamiya K, Mizokawa T, Miyadai T, Sekiguchi T, Takahashi H, Môri N, Suga S. Resonant photoemission study of pyrite-type NiS2, CoS2 and FeS2. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:16329-16332. [PMID: 9985736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.16329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Tagaya M, Mori I, Miyadai T, Kimura Y, Ito H, Nakakuki K. Efficacy of a temperature-sensitive Sendai virus vaccine in hamsters. Lab Anim Sci 1995; 45:233-8. [PMID: 7650890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A temperature-sensitive HVJ-pB strain of parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) virus was obtained from a persistently virus-infected cell culture. Intranasal inoculation of Syrian hamsters with the HVJ-pB temperature-sensitive mutant resulted in an abortive infection but induced a specific antibody response against Sendai virus without appreciable lesions in the respiratory tract. Prior exposure to the temperature-sensitive mutant protected hamsters from subsequent challenge with virulent wild-type virus. The efficacy of protection became apparent at 5 days after vaccination and lasted for at least 720 days. For practical use of the HVJ-pB vaccine, a single intranasal administration to newborn babies aged over 15 days is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tagaya
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Several lines of evidence have suggested that ganglioside GM1 stimulates neuronal sprouting and enhances the action of nerve growth factor (NGF), but its precise mechanism is yet to be elucidated. We report here that GM1 directly and tightly associates with Trk, the high-affinity tyrosine kinase-type receptor for NGF, and strongly enhances neurite outgrowth and neurofilament expression in rat PC12 cells elicited by a low dose of NGF that alone is insufficient to induce neuronal differentiation. The potentiation of NGF activity by GM1 appears to involve tyrosine-autophosphorylation of Trk, which contains intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity that has been localized to the cytoplasmic domain. In the presence of GM1 in culture medium, there is a > 3-fold increase in NGF-induced autophosphorylation of Trk as compared with NGF alone. We also found that GM1 could directly enhance NGF-activated autophosphorylation of immunoprecipitated Trk in vitro. Monosialoganglioside GM1, but not polysialogangliosides, is tightly associated with immunoprecipitated Trk. Furthermore, such tight association of GM1 with Trk appears to be specific, since a similar association was not observed with other growth factor receptors, such as low-affinity NGF receptor (p75NGR) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Thus, these results strongly suggest that GM1 functions as a specific endogenous activator of NGF receptor function, and these enhanced effects appear to be due, at least in part, to tight association of GM1 with Trk.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mutoh
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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23
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Iwata H, Tagaya M, Matsumoto K, Miyadai T, Yokochi T, Kimura Y. Aerosol vaccination with a sendai virus temperature-sensitive mutant (HVJ-pB) derived from persistently infected cells. J Infect Dis 1990; 162:402-7. [PMID: 1695654 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/162.2.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental infections of mice with a Sendai virus temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant (HVJ-pB) were studied. Infection with the ts mutant induced the priming effect of interferon production and both humoral and cellular immune responses, although the ts mutant virus neither multiplied satisfactorily in the respiratory tracts of mice nor caused appreciable histopathologic lesions. Inoculation with the ts mutant protected mice from subsequent challenge with a parental wild-type virus. The efficacy of this protection began as little as 1 day after vaccination and continued for at least 12 weeks. It is suggested that serum antibodies were efficacious in the nasal turbinates, while specific immune spleen cells act more protectively in the lungs.
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MESH Headings
- Aerosols
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- Immunity, Cellular
- Immunization, Passive
- Interferons/biosynthesis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Nude
- Mutation
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/genetics
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/growth & development
- Parainfluenza Virus 1, Human/immunology
- Paramyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Respiratory System/microbiology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Viral Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- H Iwata
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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24
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Yokochi T, Inoue Y, Miyadai T, Kimura Y, Ito H, Kato N. A possible correlation between histological changes in regional subcutaneous tissue induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides and their adjuvant activities. Microbiol Immunol 1989; 33:747-60. [PMID: 2586346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1989.tb00961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Previously it was demonstrated that Klebsiella pneumoniae O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) exhibited much stronger adjuvant action on antibody response to subcutaneously (s.c.) injected sheep red blood cells or deaggregated bovine serum albumin than did other kinds of LPS, the R-form LPS lacking the O-specific polysaccharide chain of KO3 LPS (R-LPS), and the lipid A fractionated from KO3 LPS. We compared histological changes in the regional subcutaneous tissues of mice injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with KO3 LPS, the lipid A, and R-LPS. At the early stage after injection, KO3 LPS induced the infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells, mainly polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), at the site of injection. Neither R-LPS nor the lipid A induced the accumulation of PMN so much as KO3 LPS did. When injected s.c. with LPS from Escherichia coli O111 (EO111 LPS) and O55 (EO55 LPS), and Salmonella enteritidis (Sent LPS), the appearance of PMN at the regional site was much less than KO3 LPS. KO3 LPS could accumulate more 51Cr-labeled leukocytes at the injection site than EO111 LPS and Sent LPS. Administration of acetylsalicylic acid, which can inhibit leukocyte migration in inflammatory lesions, suppressed its adjuvant action. It was therefore suggested that the strong adjuvant action of KO3 LPS in s.c. injection might be dependent on its potent capability of accumulating PMN at the regional subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, at the late stage after injection, the formation of several lymphoid follicles at the regional site was seen only in mice injected with KO3 LPS. It might be also related to the strong adjuvant action of KO3 LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School
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25
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Miyadai T, Tazuke Y, Kinouchi S, Nishioka T, Sudo S, Miyako Y, Watanabe K, Inoue K. METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITION IN PYRITE TYPE NiS2-xSex SYSTEM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1051/jphyscol:1988880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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26
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Hirayama M, Miyadai T, Yokochi T, Sato K, Kubota T, Iida M, Fujiki N. Infection of human T-lymphotropic virus type I to astrocytes in vitro with induction of the class II major histocompatibility complex. Neurosci Lett 1988; 92:34-9. [PMID: 3185977 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(88)90738-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the pathogenesis of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM), we examined whether HTLV-I infects normal human glial cells in vitro with induction of the major histocompatibility complex (HMC) class II antigen by immunofluorescence method. It was found that about 10% of astrocytes were infected with HTLV-I with induction of class II MHC antigen. Fluorescence-conjugated HTLV-I was adsorbed to 10% of astrocytes. On the contrary, there was no class II MHC antigen expression and very few HTLV-I infection on oligodendrocytes. We speculated that in patients with HAM, HTLV-I-specific, MHC class II antigen restricted, activated CD4+ cells could damage the MHC class II antigen + HTLV-I-infected astrocytes, leading to the disturbance of blood-brain barrier and to the destructive lesion in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirayama
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Fukui Medical School, Japan
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27
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Yokochi T, Inoue Y, Iwata H, Miyadai T, Kimura Y. Effect of activation of the Epstein-Barr virus genome on expression of B cell differentiation antigens of Burkitt's lymphoma lines. Microbiol Immunol 1988; 32:957-64. [PMID: 2850450 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1988.tb01457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using anti-human B cell monoclonal antibodies prepared against B1 (CD20), B2 (CD21), B4 (CD19), and BB-1 (B lymphoblast antigen-1), we compared the expression of B cell differentiation antigens on a Jijoye-P3HR-1 cell line family of Burkitt's lymphomas. The expression of BB-1 and B2 antigens was faint on P3HR-1 K cell line which is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) high producer. On the other hand, B1 and B4 antigens were strongly expressed on it. It was also found that BB-1 expression decreased on P3HR-1 cells after activation of intracellular EBV genes by treating chemically with tumor-promoting agent (TPA) and n-butyrate, or on Raji cells on superinfection with EBV. This decrease of BB-1 was blocked by the additional treatment with retinoic acid, an inhibitor of virus replication. Dual immunofluorescence staining analysis showed that the individual cell expressing EBV-associated antigens expressed BB-1 antigen only marginally. The relationship between the change in phenotypes of host B cells and the activation of the EBV genome is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School
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28
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Yokochi T, Inoue Y, Iwata H, Miyadai T, Kimura Y. Differential expression of the major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) on a series of Burkitt's lymphoma lines. Microbiol Immunol 1987; 31:1209-15. [PMID: 2836712 PMCID: PMC7168452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb01354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We compared the expressions of class I and class II major histocompatibility antigen complex (MHC) on the surface of Jijoye and P3HR-1 cells of Burkitt's lymphoma sublines. Jijoye cells had a large amount of class I and class II MHC antigens, whereas these antigens were less expressed on P3HR-1 cells. On a subline of P3HR-1 K cells the expression of class I antigen markedly diminished and class II antigen was undetectable. On the other hand, Jijoye, P3HR-1, and P3HR-1 K cell lines were confirmed to be Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nonproducer, low producer, and high producer, respectively. The chemical activation of EBV genome by treating P3HR-1 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) and n-butyrate resulted in inhibition of the expression of class I and II antigens, while the addition of retinoic acid, an inhibitor of virus replication, blocked the decrease in the MHC antigen expression. These findings suggested that there might be an inverse correlation between the virus production and the expression of class I and II MHC antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School
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29
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Yokochi T, Oka K, Iwata H, Miyadai T, Kimura Y, Kato N. Characterization of autoantigens relevant to autoimmune ophthalmitis and thyroiditis in mice immunized with the syngeneic tissue extracts and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide. Microbiol Immunol 1987; 31:1025-32. [PMID: 3501532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb01335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The histological localization and biochemical properties of the autoantigens relevant to experimental autoimmune ophthalmitis and thyroiditis were studied using sera from mice hyperimmunized with the corresponding tissue extract of syngeneic mice and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as a potent adjuvant. Specific antigens were detected in the lens of the eyeball by immunofluorescence test with sera from mice in which ophthalmitis had been induced and the antigens were lenticular proteins with molecular weights (MW) of 15,000 (15K) to 25K, and 45K. The lenticular proteins with MW of 15K to 25K correspond to the subunits of crystalline. These findings clearly demonstrated that our experimental model for autoimmune ophthalmitis was classified as the lens-induced uveitis. The colloids of the thyroid follicles and the follicular cells were markedly stained by sera from mice in which thyroiditis had been induced. One of the autoantigens detected in the thyroid gland was biochemically consistent with a thyroglobulin subunit. It was also shown that these autoantigens detected in the present study were organ-specific but not species-specific. The nature of autoantigens in the eye and the thyroid gland is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokochi
- Department of Microbiology, Fukui Medical School
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30
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Kimura Y, Yokochi T, Miyadai T, Iwata H, Yokoo J, Matsumoto K. Reversible susceptibility to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity observed in altered BHK cells resistant to HVJ (Sendai virus) infection. Cell Immunol 1987; 106:287-92. [PMID: 2436817 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(87)90172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered baby hamster kidney (BHK-R) cells which were subcultured in the continuous presence of HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan--the Sendai strain of parainfluenza 1 virus) showed a high susceptibility to natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity, although BHK-R cells are not transiently or persistently infected with HVJ but contain the restricted amount of sialic acid. By repeated subcultivation of BHK-R cells in growth medium free of HVJ, the sensitivity to natural killer cytotoxicity decreased to the level of normal BHK cells with a counter increase of cellular sialic acid, and the subsequent treatment of the cells with neuraminidase caused a loss of proper sialic acid residues, once again resulting in a significant enhancement of lysis by natural killer cells. In the BHK-R cell system which exhibits a reversible resistance to the interferon action, the enhancing effect induced by interferon on target cell susceptibility to natural killer activity became more pronounced in accord with the recovery of sensitivity to the antiviral action of interferon.
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31
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Yokochi T, Kawashima K, Nakashima I, Nagase F, Isobe K, Nagura E, Yamada K, Miyadai T, Kimura Y. Identification and characterization of a unique tumor-associated surface antigen on L1210 leukemia cells recognized by semisyngeneic antisera. Cancer Res 1987; 47:1006-9. [PMID: 3542198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-associated surface antigen on L1210 leukemia cells was studied by immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation. Anti-L1210 serum was prepared in BALB/c X DBA/2 F1 mice by priming with a hybrid of L1210 and human Lesch-Nyhan fibroblast cells and hyperimmunizing with L1210 leukemia cells. This hyperimmune serum was able to demonstrate specific surface fluorescence on L1210 cells, while the antiserum did not react with various mouse tumor cell lines, normal lymphoid tissues, or mitogen-activated lymphoid cells. The anti-L1210 serum immunoprecipitated a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 90,000 from 125I-labeled L1210 cells. The expression of this antigen was enhanced by tumor-promoting agent and heat shock treatment. The biological significance of the L1210-specific cell surface antigen is discussed.
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32
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Yokoo J, Miyadai T, Yokochi T, Kimura Y. Effect of cytolytic infection on maintenance of resistance to HVJ (Sendai virus) in an altered BHK cell culture. Microbiol Immunol 1987; 31:139-46. [PMID: 3037282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1987.tb03077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Altered baby hamster kidney (BHK-R) cells were serially cultured in the continuous presence of hemagglutinating virus of Japan (HVJ). These cells showed a distinct resistance to superinfection with the homologous HVJ. This resistance of BHK-R cells gradually disappeared after serial passages in the presence of ultraviolet-irradiated HVJ particles which lost infectivity but still preserved hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. When BHK-R cells were serially cultured in the presence of a temperature-sensitive mutant of HVJ at non-permissive temperature, the cells also lost the resistance. The resistance of BHK-R cells remained unchanged, even after prolonged incubation in virus-free maintenance medium under the conditions of no cell division. It was suggested that killing of virus-sensitive cells, which were generated during cell proliferation, was required for maintenance of the resistance.
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33
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Nishikawa K, Morishima T, Toyoda T, Miyadai T, Yokochi T, Yoshida T, Nagai Y. Topological and operational delineation of antigenic sites on the HN glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus and their structural requirements. J Virol 1986; 60:987-93. [PMID: 2431164 PMCID: PMC253337 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.987-993.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies to the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of Newcastle disease virus have identified four antigenic sites on the glycoprotein, which are topologically and operationally discriminated from one another. To define the metabolisms and cellular compartments required for formation of the individual antigenic sites, a panel of monoclonal antibodies were examined for their reactivity with the nascent and variously processed forms of the antigen molecules in combination with the use of inhibitors of glycosylation (tunicamycin and N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin) and glycoprotein transport (carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and monensin). Reactivity was also examined with the antigen molecules deglycosylated by endoglycosidase F and with the antigen molecules reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol. The results taken together suggest that posttranslational organization of the glycoprotein is important for all four of the antigenic sites. At the same time, there appeared to be marked site-specific requirements with respect to glycosylation and disulfide bond formation. However, all of these metabolic requirements were found to be provided within the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and no further processing of the antigen molecules appeared to be necessary for the formation of any of the antigenic sites.
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34
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Yokochi T, Nakashima I, Kato N, Asai J, Miyadai T, Kimura Y. Microbial adjuvant and autoimmunity. IV. The induction of thyroid lesions in syngeneic X-irradiated mice by the transfer of spleen cells from mice immunized with thyroid extract and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide. Microbiol Immunol 1986; 30:553-9. [PMID: 3755793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1986.tb02981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The role of humoral and cellular immune responses in the initiation and maintenance of autoimmune thyroiditis was investigated in mice immunized with syngeneic thyroid extract and Klebsiella O3 lipopolysaccharide (KO3 LPS) as an adjuvant. The transfer of spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice to 400R-irradiated syngeneic mice produced definite lesions in the thyroid glands, whereas the transfer of immune sera failed to do so. No lesions were induced in normal intact mice by the same transfer of sera and spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice. It was suggested that the induction of thyroiditis by immunization using KO3 LPS adjuvant is primarily due to cell-mediated immunity and that pretreatment of mice by X-irradiation is essential for production of the lesions. The role of X-irradiation in the induction of thyroiditis was discussed.
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Yokochi T, Nakashima I, Kato N, Miyadai T, Yoshida K, Kimura Y. Adjuvant actions of polyclonal lymphocyte activators. V. Proliferation of macrophage colony-forming cells in the draining lymph node. Cell Immunol 1985; 93:431-7. [PMID: 2408767 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(85)90147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the action of various polyclonal lymphocyte activators (PLA) on the proliferation of macrophage colony-forming cells in vivo at the local site. As PLA, Klebsiella pneumoniae 03 lipopolysaccharide (K03 LPS), Escherichia coli 0111 lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS), dextran sulfate (DS), concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemaggulutinin (PHA), polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly(A:U], polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C], and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were used. All PLA tested acted to proliferate macrophage colony-forming cells in the draining lymph node at a late stage after subcutaneous injection. The order of strength of this action of PLA was K03 LPS greater than E. coli LPS greater than Con A greater than DS greater than PHA, PWM, poly(I:C), and poly(A:U), which corresponded to the order of strength of their adjuvant action in initiating helper-T-cell response to subcutaneous injection of aggregate-free bovine gamma-globulin. The detailed relationship between the proliferation of macrophage colony-forming cells and the adjuvant action of PLA is discussed.
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Kimura Y, Yokochi T, Miyadai T, Yoshida K, Yokoo J, Matsumoto K. Characterization of a porcine kidney cell line resistant to influenza virus infection. J Virol 1985; 53:980-3. [PMID: 3973972 PMCID: PMC254737 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.980-983.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A mutant cell line of porcine kidney cells that resists the cytopathic effect of influenza virus has been obtained and characterized. These cells, designated ESK-R, were originally obtained by prolonged cultivation of cells surviving influenza B/Kanagawa/73 virus infection. No infectious virus was recovered from ESK-R cells, and no evidence for the presence of virus antigens in the cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining. ESK-R cells also showed a distinct resistance to various other strains of both types A and B influenza viruses. The growth of mumps, Sendai, or Newcastle disease virus was considerably restricted, but the cell line normally supported the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. ESK-R cells were found to lack specific receptors for influenza virus as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analyses. The membrane barrier of ESK-R cells was successfully overcome by nonspecific endocytosis of calcium-coprecipitated virus particles followed by production of an appreciable amount of progeny virus.
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Yokochi T, Nakashima I, Kato N, Miyadai T, Yoshida K, Kimura Y. In vivo effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on proliferation of macrophage colony-forming cells in bone marrow and peripheral lymphoid tissues. Infect Immun 1985; 47:496-501. [PMID: 3881351 PMCID: PMC263198 DOI: 10.1128/iai.47.2.496-501.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in the number of macrophage colony-forming cells in various tissues of mice injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, or Salmonella enteritidis were studied. The injection of LPS increased macrophage colony-forming cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues such as the spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, and regional lymph node, although the same treatment caused the decrease of such cells in the bone marrow. This phenomenon was consistently observed when tested by various LPSs. The injection of LPS into mice which had been exposed to X-ray irradiation and reconstituted with syngeneic normal bone marrow cells decreased colony-forming cells in the spleen. The increase of macrophage colony-forming cells in the spleen seemed, therefore, not to be due to migration from the bone marrow. The injection of LPS appeared to shorten the lag time before the initiation of mitosis of colony-forming cells in the spleen but not in the bone marrow. No participation of serum factors in this phenomenon could be detected. It was suggested that there might be an essential difference between the responsiveness to LPS of macrophage colony-forming cells in the spleen and those of the bone marrow.
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Kimura Y, Yokochi T, Miyadai T, Yoshida K, Yokoo J, Matsumoto K. Reversible resistance to the antiviral action of interferon observed in altered BHK cells resistant to HVJ (Sendai virus) infection. Brief report. Arch Virol 1984; 82:241-6. [PMID: 6095793 DOI: 10.1007/bf01311167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Altered baby hamster kidney (BHK-R) cells which were subcultured in the continuous presence of HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan--the Sendai strain of parainfluenza 1 virus) showed a resistance to the antiviral action of both type I and II interferons. No evidence for a direct inactivation of interferon molecules during incubation of BHK-R cells was obtained. After serial subculture of BHK-R cells in growth medium free of HVJ, surface membranes with the proper sialic acid residues were restored and the cells became susceptible to the interferon action. It is suggested that binding sites for interferons might be ranked above HVJ receptors in the "receptor gradient".
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